60-03 EFD20 en

Instruction manual
Earthfault Protection System EFD20
TRENCH AUSTRIA GMBH Paschinger Strae 49 A 4060 Leonding Austria Phone: (43) (732) 6793-0 Fax: (43) (732) 671341
Revision page No. 1 - 18 June 2009

EFD20 instruction manual version 1.18 dated June 2009 Document No: 60-03_EFD20_en Approved: 19. June 2009 By: VR/Pu
Basic version 1.3 valid for: EFD20 software version 1-03 and EFD20Term Version 1-03
Software
EFD20 software 1-03 1-04 1-05 1-07 EFD20Term Version Notes 1-03 basic version 1-03 modifications not visible from external 1-05 New parameter: trigger sensitivity - additional delay W indows95 is not supported any more. 1-07 New parameter: current peak difference, value Ipos, feeder selective delay; important information "I": display event list; information file "INF" about events per archiv - file; earthfault signal per busbar, parameter overview per busbar, IEC101 proto 1-08 additional, alternativ, wattmetric method (comparative method) 1-09 Alternative feeder model (admittance method) 1-10 Access of several EFD20 to one Expansionbox EFX20 IEC 870-5-101, -103, -104: new factory settings COM 1: predefined settings for using EFD20Term 1-11 edit EFX card access at commissioning or expert level additional analogue inputs for PLC-programming 1-12 External analogue inputs: transformer ratios are considered. Optimal operating behaviour of the detection system in networks at low neutral to ground voltage. Option "external power switch": parameter "coilposition" is adjustable from 1 up to 100% 1-13 without external appreciable changes 1-14 Directional ground fault detection installed Transient earthfault method: external blocking possible, if required (per busbar) Scada system protocol IEC 60870-5-101: asymmetry value and zero sequence current per feeder available; changes of measurands only transmitted, if measured value > 0.05% of maximum Automatic reclosing unit: new parameters discrimination time observation time ARU - States available at PLC 1 - 15 Internal revision 1 - 16 Scada system according to IEC 60870-5-101 capacitive current per feeder added Scada system according to IEC 60870-5-101 and -104 commands for switching on/off controller and detection function (Infonumber 779 and 780) added Scada system according to IEC 60870-5-103 Parameter according to AEG - System added 1 - 17 Internal revision 1 - 18 Transient earthfault method: programmable delay per feeder W attmetric method: new parameter "interruption time"
1-08 1-09 1-10
1-11 1-12
1-13 1-14
1 - 15 1 - 16
1 - 17 1 - 18
EFD20 V1.18 June 2009
page 1 revision page
Manual
Chapter Version manual C1 1.3 C2 1.3 1.3 C3 1.7 1.9 1.14 1.3 C4 1.10 1.3 C5 1.7 1.8 1.14 1.3 1.7 1.3 1.5 1.7 Software EFD20 1-03 1-03 1-03 1-07 1-09 1-14 1-03 1-10 1-03 1-07 1-08 1-14 1-03 1-07 1-03 1-05 1-07 Revisiondate July 2004 July 2004 July 2004 July 2005 Nov. 2005 Nov. 2007 July 2004 May 2006 July 2004 July 2005 Sept. 2005 Nov. 2007 July 2004 July 2005 July 2004 Oct. 2004 July 2005 Remarks
display parameter overview display Yu/Ic alternative feeder model ( admittance method ) display tripping sector inserted settings of serial interface COM 1 event list wattmetric method: variant B, voltage dependent threshold, enable / disable comparative method directional ground fault protection detection signals: global earthfault signal, high resistant earthfault signal New parameter: trigger sensitivity - additional delay [s] IEC101 protocol; several menu levels by one password; new parameters: current peak difference, feeder selective delay, value Ipos wattmetric method: parameters variant B parameters for alternative feeder model ( admittance method ) new parameter edit EFX card access COM 1: predefined settings for using EFD20Term edit EFX card access at commissioning or expert level new parameter analogue inputs external (PLC) description of LAN - settings inserted new parameters directional ground fault protection automatic reclosing unit new parameters Transient earthfault method: programmable delay per feeder Wattmetric method: interruption time new output function per feeder "AI[FEEDER_STATE]" Windows95 is not supported any more archiv information file "INF" Data Unit 9, IEC101 - protocol: measurands, manual search, counter IEC 870-5-101, -103, -104: new factory settings IEC870-5-101, -103, -104: measurands standard configuration; hint about Interoperability list added IEC870-5-101: factory settings of measurands descriped measured data transfer IEC 60870-5-101: asymmetry value and zero sequence current available per feeder; changes of measurands are transmitted, if measurand > 0.05% of maximum automatic reclosing unit: reclosing is blocked, if faulty feeder is externally (manually) connected to busbar measured data transfer IEC 60870-5-101: capacitive current per feeder IEC 60870-5-101 and -104: additional commands for switching on/off controller and detection function (Infonumber 779 and 780) IEC 60870-5-103: parameter according to AEG - system available
C6
C7
1.8 1.9 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.14
1-08 1-09 1-10 1-11 1-12 1-14
Sept. 2005 Nov. 2005 May 2006 Sept. 2006 Nov. 2006 Nov. 2007
1.18
1 - 18
June 2009
C8
C9
1.3 1.5 1.7 1.3 1.7 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.14
1-03 1-05 1-07 1-03 1-07 1-10 1-11 1-12 1-14
July 2004 Oct. 2004 July 2005 July 2004 July 2005 May 2006 Sept. 2006 Nov. 2006 Nov. 2007
1.18
1-18
June 2009
page 2 revision page
EFD20 V1.18 June 2009
Overview
1. General 2. Technical data 3. Operation 4. Start up 5. Service 6. Messages / Malfunctions 7. Parameters 8. EFD20Term 9. Options
EFD20 V1.18 June 2009
page 3 Overview
page 4 Overview
EFD20 V1.18 June 2009
Table of contents
Page 1 General .................................................................................................................................................................. 9 1.1 Safety ...................................................................................................................................................... 9 1.1.1 Hints & warnings ............................................................................................................................. 9 1.1.2 Operating instructions ..................................................................................................................... 9 1.1.3 Qualified personnel ......................................................................................................................... 9 1.1.4 Additional hints ................................................................................................................................ 9 1.2 Range of delivery ................................................................................................................................. 10 1.2.1 Standard ....................................................................................................................................... 10 1.2.2 Hardware options ......................................................................................................................... 10 1.2.3 Software options ........................................................................................................................... 10 2 Technical data .................................................................................................................................................... 11 2.1 Device description, data ........................................................................................................................ 11 2.2 Type tests .............................................................................................................................................. 11 2.3 Climate / protection degree ................................................................................................................... 11 2.4 Interface cables .................................................................................................................................... 12 2.5 Check and replace-ment of fuses ........................................................................................................ 12 3 Operation ........................................................................................................................................................... 3.1 Operation elements .............................................................................................................................. 3.2 Operation concept ................................................................................................................................ 3.3 Scroll wheel .......................................................................................................................................... 3.4 Display .................................................................................................................................................. 3.4.1 Overview display .......................................................................................................................... 3.4.2 Controller display ......................................................................................................................... 3.4.3 Detection display .......................................................................................................................... 3.4.3.1 Vector diagram .................................................................................................................... 3.4.3.2 Residual resistive ................................................................................................................ 3.4.3.3 Tripping sector ..................................................................................................................... 3.4.3.4 Feeder parameter Zu/Ic ....................................................................................................... 3.4.3.5 Feeder parameter Zu/ZF ..................................................................................................... 3.4.3.6 Fault current Ifw,b ................................................................................................................ 3.4.3.7 Fault parameter Ifw, Iw ........................................................................................................ 3.4.3.8 parameter overview ............................................................................................................. 3.4.3.9 Manual search for earthfault ................................................................................................ 3.4.4 Menu mode .................................................................................................................................. 3.4.5 Installed software version ............................................................................................................. 3.5 SPS - Editor .......................................................................................................................................... 3.5.1 Help - Editor ................................................................................................................................. 3.5.2 Line editor ..................................................................................................................................... 3.6 Service menu ....................................................................................................................................... 3.7 EFD20Term .......................................................................................................................................... 4 Start-up .............................................................................................................................................................. 4.1 Necessary preparations ....................................................................................................................... 4.1.1 Safety ........................................................................................................................................... 4.1.2 Mechanical mounting ................................................................................................................... 4.1.3 Electrical connection .................................................................................................................... 4.2 Start up instruction ................................................................................................................................ 4.2.1 Menu in/outputs ............................................................................................................................ 4.2.2 Basic preselection ........................................................................................................................ 4.2.3 Menu current injections, ECI ........................................................................................................ 4.2.4 Controller configuration ................................................................................................................ 4.2.5 Detection system configuration .................................................................................................... 13 13 14 14 14 14 15 15 16 16 16 16 17 17 18 18 18 19 19 20 20 22 23 23 25 25 25 25 25 26 26 28 31 31 31
EFD20 V1.18 June 2009
Page 5 Table of contents
Page First check of controller ........................................................................................................................ First check of detection ........................................................................................................................ Enable software options ....................................................................................................................... System configuration ............................................................................................................................ 4.6.1 Date and time ............................................................................................................................... 4.6.2 Language ..................................................................................................................................... 4.6.3 Communication parameter ........................................................................................................... 4.7 Final activities ....................................................................................................................................... 4.8 Commissioning report .......................................................................................................................... 5 Service ............................................................................................................................................................... 5.1 Control basics ....................................................................................................................................... 5.1.1 Earthfault compensation .............................................................................................................. 5.1.2 Control procedures ....................................................................................................................... 5.1.2.1 Impedance calculation by means of current injection ......................................................... 5.1.2.2 Redundancy control ............................................................................................................. 5.2 Detection basics ................................................................................................................................... 5.2.1 Advanced admittance method ...................................................................................................... 5.2.2 Wattmetric method ....................................................................................................................... 5.2.3 Modified Transient Earthfault method .......................................................................................... 5.2.4 Manual search for earthfault ........................................................................................................ 5.3 Controller parameters ........................................................................................................................... 5.3.1 Controller configuration ................................................................................................................ 5.4 Detection parameters ........................................................................................................................... 5.4.1 Admittance method ...................................................................................................................... 5.4.2 Wattmetric method ....................................................................................................................... 5.4.3 Transient earthfault method ......................................................................................................... 5.4.4 Directional ground fault protection ............................................................................................... 5.5 Evaluations ........................................................................................................................................... 5.5.1 Data recorder ............................................................................................................................... 5.5.2 Show statistics .............................................................................................................................. 5.5.3 Show important informations ........................................................................................................ 5.6 Regularly tests / maintenance .............................................................................................................. 5.6.1 Simple test .................................................................................................................................... 5.6.2 More accurate test ....................................................................................................................... 5.6.3 Functional test of detection .......................................................................................................... 6 Messages / malfunctions ................................................................................................................................. 6.1 Messages ............................................................................................................................................. 6.2 Controller messages ............................................................................................................................ 6.3 Detection messages ............................................................................................................................. 6.4 System components state messages .................................................................................................. 6.5 Malfunctions ......................................................................................................................................... 6.5.1 Start up ......................................................................................................................................... 6.5.2 Control function ............................................................................................................................ 6.5.3 Coupling detection ....................................................................................................................... 6.5.4 Detection function ........................................................................................................................ 6.6 Frequently asked questions ................................................................................................................. 7 Parameters ........................................................................................................................................................ 7.1 Enable options ...................................................................................................................................... 7.2 Basic preselections .............................................................................................................................. 7.2.1 Analog Inputs ................................................................................................................................ 7.2.2 Menu coil ...................................................................................................................................... 7.2.2.1 Plunger core coil .................................................................................................................. 7.2.2.2 Step coil ............................................................................................................................... 7.2.3 Current injection devices .............................................................................................................. 7.2.4 Detuning capacitor, EDC .............................................................................................................. 7.3 Controller configuration ........................................................................................................................ 7.3.1 Fixed coil ...................................................................................................................................... 7.3.2 Control behaviour ......................................................................................................................... 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 32 33 33 33 33 33 33 34 34 37 37 37 38 38 38 38 38 40 40 40 40 40 41 41 42 43 43 44 44 44 45 47 47 47 48 51 51 51 52 52 52 52 54 55 55 56 57 59 59 59 60 60 60 60 60 61 61 61
EFD20 V1.18 June 2009
Page 7.3.2.1 Multiple busbar operating mode .......................................................................................... 7.3.2.2 Fine tuning controller ........................................................................................................... 7.3.3 Options ......................................................................................................................................... 7.3.3.1 Fix coil control ...................................................................................................................... 7.3.3.2 Resistor control .................................................................................................................... 7.3.3.3 External power switch .......................................................................................................... 7.3.3.4 Control at earthfault ............................................................................................................. 7.4 Configuration of detection system ........................................................................................................ 7.4.1 Identifying groups ......................................................................................................................... 7.4.2 Admittance methode .................................................................................................................... 7.4.2.1 Trigger levels for earthfault .................................................................................................. 7.4.2.2 Trigger levels for recalculation ............................................................................................. 7.4.3 Wattmetric methode ..................................................................................................................... 7.4.3.1 Tripping characteristic type A .............................................................................................. 7.4.3.2 Tripping characteristic type B .............................................................................................. 7.4.4 Transient earthfault methode ....................................................................................................... 7.4.5 Directional ground fault protection ............................................................................................... 7.4.6 Automatic reclosing function ........................................................................................................ 7.5 Current injection, ECI ........................................................................................................................... 7.5.1 Time definitions ............................................................................................................................ 7.5.2 Inverse mode ................................................................................................................................ 7.5.3 Coupling detection via neutral to ground voltages ....................................................................... 7.6 In/outputs .............................................................................................................................................. 7.6.1 Programming PLC ........................................................................................................................ 7.6.2 Text definitions .............................................................................................................................. 7.6.3 Analog output characteristics ....................................................................................................... 7.6.4 Check in/outputs .......................................................................................................................... 7.7 System configuration ............................................................................................................................ 7.7.1 Data recorder ............................................................................................................................... 7.7.2 CAN - setup .................................................................................................................................. 7.7.3 Password assignment .................................................................................................................. 7.7.4 Communication parameter ........................................................................................................... 7.7.5 LAN settings ................................................................................................................................. 7.7.6 Scada system ............................................................................................................................... 7.7.6.1 Interface parameter ............................................................................................................. 7.7.6.2 Event configuration SPABus ................................................................................................ 7.7.6.3 IEC101 - protocol balanced ................................................................................................. 7.7.6.3.1 Event configuration ..................................................................................................... 7.7.6.3.2 Command configuration ............................................................................................. 7.7.6.3.3 Measurands configuration .......................................................................................... 7.7.6.3.4 Counter configuration ................................................................................................. 7.7.6.3.5 Manual search for earthfault ....................................................................................... 7.7.6.4 IEC103 -, IEC101&103 - protocol ........................................................................................ 7.7.6.4.1 Event configuration ..................................................................................................... 7.7.6.4.2 Command configuration ............................................................................................. 7.7.6.4.3 Protocol fine tuning ..................................................................................................... 7.7.6.4.4 IEC101 settings .......................................................................................................... 7.8 PLC programming ................................................................................................................................ 7.8.1 Internal variables .......................................................................................................................... 7.8.2 Operators ..................................................................................................................................... 7.8.3 PLC - functions ............................................................................................................................. 7.8.3.1 Delay DLY[0] ... DLY[63] ...................................................................................................... 7.8.3.2 Pulse function PLS[0] ... PLS[63] ........................................................................................ 7.8.3.3 Sample & Hold SH[0] ... SH[63] .......................................................................................... 7.8.3.4 FLIP FLOP FF[0] ... FF[63] .................................................................................................. 7.8.3.5 TIMER function TMR[0] ... TMR[63] .................................................................................... 7.8.3.6 Counter function CNT[0] ... CNT[63] ................................................................................... 7.8.4 Available input functions ............................................................................................................... 7.8.5 Output functions ........................................................................................................................... 61 61 62 62 62 62 62 62 62 63 63 63 64 64 65 65 65 65 66 66 66 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 68 68 68 68 68 69 69 69 69 69 69 70 70 70 70 70 70 71 71 71 71 71 72 72 72 72 72 73 74
EFD20 V1.18 June 2009
Page 8 EFD20Term ........................................................................................................................................................ 8.1 Basics ................................................................................................................................................... 8.2 Minimum requirements to the PC ......................................................................................................... 8.3 Installation ............................................................................................................................................ 8.4 EFD20Term .......................................................................................................................................... 8.4.1 Menu File ...................................................................................................................................... 8.4.2 Menu Functions ............................................................................................................................ 8.4.3 Menu Settings .............................................................................................................................. 8.4.4 Menu View .................................................................................................................................... 8.4.5 Menu About EFD20Term .............................................................................................................. 8.5 EFD20Analyse ...................................................................................................................................... 8.5.1 Menu File ...................................................................................................................................... 8.5.2 Menu Edit ..................................................................................................................................... 8.5.3 Menu Zoom .................................................................................................................................. 8.5.4.Menu Settings .............................................................................................................................. 8.5.5 Menu View .................................................................................................................................... 8.5.6 Menu About EFD20 Analyse ........................................................................................................ 8.6 EFD20 Param ....................................................................................................................................... 8.6.1 Menu File ...................................................................................................................................... 8.6.2 Menu Edit parameters .................................................................................................................. 8.6.3 Menu Settings .............................................................................................................................. 8.6.4 Menu View .................................................................................................................................... 8.6.5 Menu About EFD20 Param .......................................................................................................... 8.7 PLC-Editor ............................................................................................................................................ 8.7.1 Command line .............................................................................................................................. 8.7.1.1 Menu Syntax check ............................................................................................................. 8.7.1.2 Menu Edit ............................................................................................................................. 8.7.1.3 Menu View ........................................................................................................................... 8.7.1.4 Menu Single commands ...................................................................................................... 8.7.1.5 Line assistant ....................................................................................................................... 77 77 77 77 77 77 78 79 80 80 81 81 81 82 83 83 84 84 84 84 84 85 85 85 86 86 86 86 86 86
9 Options .............................................................................................................................................................. 89 9.1 Scada - SPABus ................................................................................................................................... 89 9.1.1 Realisation in EFD20 ................................................................................................................... 89 9.1.1.1 Dialog between EFD20 and SPABus-Master ...................................................................... 89 9.1.1.2 Checksum and parity ........................................................................................................... 89 9.1.1.3 Internal processing of messages ........................................................................................ 89 9.1.2 Events ........................................................................................................................................... 89 9.1.3 Request of measured values ....................................................................................................... 91 9.1.4 Commands by Scada ................................................................................................................... 92 9.1.5 Switch replication ......................................................................................................................... 92 9.2 Scada IEC - Protokoll ........................................................................................................................... 92 9.2.1 Data units in supervision direction ............................................................................................... 92 9.2.2 Data units in command direction .................................................................................................. 94 9.2.3 Events IEC 103 protocol .............................................................................................................. 94 9.2.4 Commands IEC103 protocol ........................................................................................................ 95 9.2.5 Swith replication ........................................................................................................................... 96 9.2.6 Events IEC101 protocol ............................................................................................................... 96 9.2.7 Switch replication ......................................................................................................................... 97 9.2.8 Commands IEC 101 protocol ....................................................................................................... 97 9.2.9 Counter ......................................................................................................................................... 97 9.2.10 Measured data ........................................................................................................................... 97 9.2.11 Manual search for earthfault ....................................................................................................... 98 9.3 Resistor control .................................................................................................................................... 98 9.3.1 Temperature model ...................................................................................................................... 98 9.3.2 Home position OFF ...................................................................................................................... 99 9.3.3 Home position ON ........................................................................................................................ 99 9.4 Control at earthfault .............................................................................................................................. 99 9.5 External power switch ......................................................................................................................... 100 9.6 Fix coil control .................................................................................................................................... 100 9.7 Automatic reclosing unit ..................................................................................................................... 100
EFD20 V1.18 June 2009
1 General
1.1 Safety
1.1.1 Hints & warnings
Please note the following signs that are placed on the device or in the manual! Attention
If it is assumed that safe operation is not possible any more the device has to be switched off immedi-ately and furthermore it has to be protected against unintentional reuse. It has to be assumed that safe operation is not possible any more if the device: is visibly damaged, has been exposed to unfavorable conditions i.e. for a period of time outside the rated climatic limits (e.g. storage outside allowed climatic limits without adaptation to the indoor environment, moisture condensation and so forth) or has been exposed to heavy transport stress (e.g. drop from great height without visible external damage and so forth).
An important operation instruction, condition and so forth. Hint
An operation instruction, a practical application and so forth which must be respected to avoid damage of the device. Warning
1.1.3 Qualified personnel

are persons, acquainted to installing, mounting, putting into service and operating the product and who have the respective qualifications, e.g. Education resp. training and furthermore authorisation according to safety standards to switch on, switch off, to isolate, to earth and to mark circuits and devices. Education resp. training and furthermore authorisation according to safety standards for maintenance and use of suitable safety equipment. Training in first-aid.
An operation instruction, a practical application and so forth which must be respected to avoid destruction of the device or personal injury.
1.1.2 Operating instructions

The earthfault compensation controller EFD20 should be operated resp. used only by qualified personnel and only according to the technical data in compliance with the below mentioned security instructions and standards. Additionally, all laws and safety regulations applicable have to respected.
1.1.4 Additional hints

The product leaves the factory in a condition fulfilling all safety requirements. To maintain this condition and to allow safe operation the user has to follow the hints and warnings in this manual. Prior to switching on the device the operator must check that the rated voltage of the device corresponds to the used power supply. The operator must check that the protective earth terminals of the device (shown in the connection diagram) are connected with earth. Any internal or external disconnection of the protective conductor or unintentional disconnection of the protective earth terminals may lead to dangerous condition and is therefore not allowed.
WARNING During operation of electrical devices some parts of the devices are inevitably live. Disregarding the hints may lead to severe injuries or damages. Proper transport, storage, installation and mounting and furthermore careful control and maintenance are mandatory for faultless and safe operation of the device.
EFD20 V1.18 June 2009
page 9 1 General
Live parts may be exposed when opening cover parts or removing parts. Also terminals may be live. If opening of the device is necessary for adjustment, maintenance, repair or exchange of parts the device has to be disconnected from all power supplies prior. If then adjustment, maintenance, repair or exchange of parts in live condition is inevitable this has to be performed by skilled personnel, acquainted to involved risks, only. Capacitors inside the device may still be charged even though the device is disconnected from all power supplies. The operator must check that only fuses according to the stated type and rated current are used for spare. Use of repaired fuses or shorting the fuse holder is not allowed.
1.2.3 Software options

Controller function The Earthfault Compensation Controller calculates the network parameters (resp. resonance point) with the assistance of current injection. Control by external circuit breaker Adjustment of the arc suppression coil (ASC) to a predefined position if the circuit breaker is open. Automatic resistor control Automatic connection / disconnection of a resistor to alter residual resistive current or to dampen the neutral-to-ground voltage depending on the resistors value. Fix coil control Automatic connection resp. disconnection of a fixed-value coil if the tuning range of the adjustable ASC is exceeded. Control at earthfault If the earthfault voltage is exceeded, the ASC is readjusted to exact compensation. Only possible if the resonance point has been determined in the healthy network condition. Automatic reclosing unit Auto-reclosing of an earthfault affected feeder to obtain healthy network conditions. SCADA SPABus V2.4 dated 21.2.1992 IEC60870-5-101 IEC60870-5-103 IEC60870-5-101 & 103
1.2 Range of delivery

1.2.1 Standard
EFD20 Base unit 19" rack-mounting unit (6 HU) 4 pcs. serial interface RS232 (1x front-, 3x backside) Terminal program EFD20Term Interface cable Manual German or English version Mounting material Screws, mating connectors Spare fuses
1.2.2 Hardware options

EFX20 expansion device for maximum 9 pcs. Plug-in modules (digital in- / outputs) Plug-in module for additional 16 digital inputs Plug-in module for additional 16 digital outputs Cover strip (optical finish) for panel mounting Alternative power supply
page 10 1 General
EFD20 V1.18 June 2009
2 Technical data
2.1 Device description, data
The EFD20 is a modular designed device and will be configured according to the requirements (amount of analogue, digital in- / outputs). The device, the electrical and mechanical data are described in the project specific documentation.
2.3 Climate / protection degree

service: 0C ... +40C storage: -25C ... +55C transport: -25C ... +70C class G according DIN 40040 IP20
temperatures humidity protection class
2.2 Type tests

Tests ins ulation tes ts Standards ins ulation tes t IEC 255-5 im puls e voltage tes t IEC 255-5 radio nois e voltage EN 55022, IEC 255-25
Technical data tes t voltage tes t voltage 2 kV, 50 Hz, 1m in 5 kV, unipolar wave form 1,2/50 energy 0,5 J 40 dBV/m 47 dBV/m quas ipeak average 79 dBV 66 dBV 73 dBV 60 dBV 10 V/m (unm odulated, rm s ) 80% AM (1kHz) 10 V/m (unm odulated, rm s ) 50% ED repeat frequency 200 Hz 6 kV 8 kV
dis turbing em is s ion
radio noise voltage EN 55022, IEC 255-25

dis turbing im m unity hous ing EM-field EN61000-4-3 IEC 255-22-3 EM-field, dig. phone EN61000-4-3/A1 IEC 255-22-3 ESD EN 61000-4-2 IEC 255-22-2 high frequency fields EN 61000-4-6 IEC 60255-22-6
10 m from hous ing 30-230 MHz 230-1000 MHz net lines 0,15-0,5 MHz 0,5-30 MHz am plitude m odulated 80-1000 MHz puls e m odulated 900 +/- 5 MHz contact air
dis turbing im m unity lines
fas t trans ient EN 61000-4-4 IEC 255-22-4 1 MHZ burs t IEC 255-22-1
am plitude m odulated 80% AM (1 kHz) 0,15-80 MHz 150 Ohm s ource res is tor net lines 10 V (unm odulated, rm s ) interfaces 10 V (unm odulated, rm s ) in- and outputs 10 V (unm odulated, rm s ) Tr/Th 5/50 ns 5 kHz net lines 4 kV interfaces 2 kV in- and outputs 2 kV (peak) 1 MHz m uted Tr 75 ns repeat frequency 400 Hz 200 Ohm s ource res is tor net lines longitudinal voltage 2,5 kV trans vers e voltage 1,0 kV interfaces longitudinal voltage 1,0 kV trans vers e voltage 0,0 kV in- and outputs longitudinal voltage 2,5 kV trans vers e voltage 1,0 kV Tr/Th 1,2/50 s net lines in- and outputs longitudinal voltage trans vers e voltage longitudinal voltage trans vers e voltage 100% reduction 5, 10, 20, 50 m s 2,0 1,0 2,0 1,0 kV kV kV kV
im puls e voltage EN 61000-4-5 only cable length > 10 m
voltage break IEC 60255-11
net lines
EFD20 V1.18 June 2009
page 11 2 Technical data
2.4 Interface cables

P C => C ontroller (enclosed z ero modem cable)
PC EFD2 0 9 pins fem a le 9 pins fe m a le pin pin RXD TXD 3 ----------------- 2 TXD RXD 2 ----------------- 3 GND GND 5 ----------------- 5 RTS CTS 8 ----------------- 7 CTS RTS 7 ----------------- 8 DCD DTR 4 ----------------- 1 DSR 6 6 DSR DCD 1 ----------------- 4 DTR
2.5 Check and replacement of fuses

Remove the fuse clip at the backside of the device to check the main fuse F1. Hold the fuse against the light or check the fuse by means of an ohmmeter resp. continuity tester. If necesarry, replace the fuse by the one of the additional supply material. Please don`t forget to put in the fuse module again.
PC => Controller
PC EFD20 9 pins fem ale 25 pins fem ale pin pin TXD 3 ----------------- 3 RXD RXD 2 ----------------- 2 TXD GND 5 ----------------- 7 GND CTS 8 ----------------- 4 RTS RTS 7 ----------------- 5 CTS DSR 6 ----------------- 20 DTR DCD DCD 1 ---- 8 DTR 4 ----------------- 6 DSR
P C / C o ntro ller => Modem

PC / EFD2 0 M ode m 9 pins fe m a le 2 5 pins m a le pin pin TXD 3 ----------------- 2 TXD RXD 2 ----------------- 3 RXD GND 5 ----------------- 7 GND CTS 8 ----------------- 5 CTS RTS 7 ----------------- 4 RTS DTR 4 ----------------- 2 0 DTR DSR 6 ----------------- 6 DSR DCD 1 ----------------- 8 DCD RI 9 ----------------- 2 2 RI
P C / C ontroller => Modem

PC / EFD2 0 2 5 pins fe m a le pin TXD 2 ----------------RXD 3 ----------------GND 7 ----------------CTS 5 ----------------RTS 4 ----------------DTR 2 0 ----------------DSR 6 ----------------DCD 8 ----------------RI 2 2 ----------------M ode m 2 5 pins m a le pin 2 TXD 3 RXD 7 GND 5 CTS 4 RTS 2 0 DTR 6 DSR 8 DCD 2 2 RI
page 12 2 Technical data
EFD20 V1.18 June 2009
3 Operation
3.1 Operation elements
24 - line Display 53 characters per line, the last 2 lines contain the help text available for the selected item. Controller ON/OFF Switches the controller between automatic and manual mode. Detection ON/OFF Switches the detection on/off. Local If the Local mode is active (Indication Loc in the upright edge of the display) the remote operation will be blocked until the local mode is finished. Motor up/down Manual adjustment of the coil works only if the controller is off. The motor is moving as long as the button is pushed or an end switch is reached. Error LED: The error LED signalizes an error condition of the device. The errror definition contains predefined elements but customer defined elements can be added.
Power LED The green LED is on. If not, please check the feeding voltage and the fuse F1 at the back of the device. Scroll wheel: All inputs/adustments can principially be made by use of the scroll wheel only. However for start up and especially input of alphanumeric characters it is recommended to use the EFD20Term program. LED indications-digital inputs: The LEDs are directly wired to the digital inputs. Each LED shows the condition of the linked input (LED is ON in case of HI-level). LED indications-digital outputs: The LEDs are directly wired to the digital outputs. Each LED shows the condition of the linked output (HI-level in case of active contact). The meaning of the in- / output LEDs can be displayed on paper strips, which should be inserted into the windows behind the cover plate. Blank forms for these paper strips are stored on the installation CD.
EFD20 V1.18 June 2009
page 13 3 Operation
Power switch: The power switch disconnects the device from the feeding voltage. Adjusted parameters are stored in a permanent memory and will be available again at the next startup. That holds also true for all collected data until the disconnection of power occurred. Serial interface: The 9-pole RS232 interface (COM1) at the front side is recommended for the use of the communication program EFD20Term installed on a PC, which is directly connected (by interface cable) to the EFD20.
3.3 Scroll wheel

The scroll wheel allows a simple and comfortable operation of the controller. Turning the wheel moves the rectangular, black cursor shown in the display. Pressing the wheel activates the function corresponding to the actual cursor position. Changing between the different modes (on, off, menu) allows the programming of all parameters possible without the need of any additional operating elements. Adjustment of contrast Push the scroll wheel at least 2 seconds. Then the contrast is adjustable by turning the wheel. The adjustment is stored by pushing the scroll wheel again.
3.2 Operation concept

All Parameter for device programming are within a menu, which is structured into three different user levels. If desired, these menu levels can be protected with different passwords (please refer to chapter 7). Operation level Only main parameter (Top Ten Parameter) for correction of service performance are available Commissioning level All the parameters necessary for start-up procedure (system settings) are available Expert level All parameter relevant for fine tuning of the device are available for the advanced user. Also the passwords for the menu levels can be changed on this level.
3.4 Display
3.4.1 Overview display
The overview display shows the main information of the controller and the detection system.
The structure of the menu levels is fixed and can not be changed. Furthermore, due to the adaptive menu control parameters of not released options are not shown in the display. This operation concept ensures maximum clarity for different users. Online parameter adjustments: All settings in the EFD20 are made directly on the device by means of the scroll wheel or by remote control via EFD20Term with(out) modem. Offline parameter adjustments: All settings are done first at the PC only using the program EFD20Param. The finished parameter file will be transferred to the EFD20. This method is especially recommended for adjustments via modem, in order to reduce the necessary duration of the modem connection.
The first line informs about the actual state of the controller (ON/OFF, state of control procedure) The second line informs about the actual state of the detection function (ON/OFF, state). In the third line the arc suppression coils connected to network are mentioned; e.g.: ASC 1 2 Both ASCs are connected. Controller tunes ASC1. ASC 2 1 Both ASCs are connected. Controller tunes ASC2. ASC 1-2 Both ASCs are connected. Busbar 1 and 2 are coupled. ASC 1 ASC1 is connected. ASC2 is switched off or not present. ASC 1 off ASC1 is not connected. ASC 1 off 2 ASC1 is not connected. ASC2 is connected. (ASC2 is tuned by Slave)
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Hint
In addition to the values already described in the overview display the following values are shown: V12 Vo1 Vo2 Ieci1 Ieci2 Zu Ro Zo phase reference voltage. neutral to ground voltage ASC1 neutral to ground voltage ASC2 injection current ASC1 injection current ASC2 total asymmetry impedance of the network equivalent parallel resistor of the resonance circuit (Ro = E1 / Id). equivalent impedance of resonance circuit
The message ASC1 off will be correctly updated on the screen, if the controller gets the feedback of the ASC - disconnector (via auxiliary contact of the disconnector connected to a digital input of EFD20 and external remote signal voltage). If the controller should operate with ASC1 and the feedback of the ASC1 - disconnector isn`t available, the input function MIF_ASC1_IS_ON must be set per software (TRUE). On the left side of the display the resonance curve is drawn. The screen image also includes the entire tuning range of ASC and the following parameters: Ipos Vo actual coil position (the % value is related to the upper end position) actual neutral to ground voltage. The % value corresponds to the secondary voltage of the voltage transformer for 100V nominal voltage). resonance point of the network. The % value is related to the upper end position of the coil. Difference Ipos - Ires. The % value is related to the resonance point Ires. Residual wattmetric current. The % value is related to Ires.
Selection of function if controller is on FT ... forced trigger for tuning operation OFF...switch controller off D ... change display I ... show important informations S ... show statistics x ... change into menu mode Selection of function if controller is off < ... coil movement in direction Imin 0 ... stop coil movement > ... coil movement in direction Imax FT... forced trigger for tuning operation ON ... switch controller on D ... change display I ... show important informations S ... show statistics x ... change into menu mode
Ires Iv Id
On the right side the homopolar currents (amount and phase)of the supervised feeders are shown. The condition of seperate feeder is indicated. The following conditions can be inserted: Healthy feeder condition ... Ok Alarm (high resistant earthfault) ... Earthfault (low resistant earthfault) ... The selection of functions is done in the line below the shown separation line and a short help text for the selected function is available in the last two lines. E.g. by selecting controller display the controller screen will be activated.
3.4.3 Detection display

The following displays are available, if D will be selected.
3.4.2 Controller display
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3.4.3.1 Vector diagram On the left side the vector diagram shows the neutral to ground voltages of both networks and the sum of zero sequence currents of the feeders. On the right side the current value and the conditions of the feeders are listed.
From the table it`s recognizable, if the minimum current threshold (e.g. 1A) is exceeded (>) or the measured value is below the threshold (<) and if the current is situated (resp. the angle) within a free definable sector (e.g. 60 ... 120).
3.4.3.4 Feeder parameter Zu/Ic 3.4.3.2 Residual resistive The list shows the measured zero sequence current (Io) per feeder and the calculated wattmetric parts of these currents (the phase between Vo and Io is considered). All current values are related to primary side. The column Vo indicates the busbar, where the concerning feeder is closed in (0 means, that the feeder is switched off). Above the table the amount of all wattmetric currents per network section (Vo1, Vo2) is displayed. The table shows the calculated asymmetry impedances Zu and the calculated capacitve currents Ic per feeder. The phase angle of all Ic should be around 90 (exceptions: an external Petersen coil is located on a feeder or a coupling is present with another compensated network.) Above the amount of the capacitive current per network section (Vo1, Vo2) is inserted, which should approximately fit to the value Ires, calculated by the controller (it is assumed, that any fixed coil is closed in the network or a known fixed coil is closed in).
3.4.3.3 Tripping sector The measured zero sequence currents and the angles (relative to Vo1) of supervised feeders are inserted (for instance tripping sector 2).
The screen image of feeder parameter Yu/Ic includes the calculated asymmetry impedance Zu as cor-
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responding admittance value Yu and the calculated capacitve current Ic per feeder.
3.4.3.5 Feeder parameter Zu/ZF The list shows the actual asymmetry impedances Zu and the deviations ZF from the last calculation. The ZFvalue is only used as trigger to start a new cal-culation (e.g. in case of an appearing high resistant earthfault or a change in the feeder capacitance).
When using current transformes with less accuracy, the angle of Ic can deviate fro 90, because the angle error of those transfomers can considerably increase at small signals. This effect also concerns the asymmetry admittance Yu (reference value). In the worst case this can lead to an under- or overfunction of the earthfault indication, because the expected value of Io (as derived from the reference values) will not fit to the measured Io. For the concerned feeders an alternative feeder model can be chosen, which does not use a asymmetry admittance Yu but a constant asymmetry current Iu. This calculation will force the angle of Ic to be exactely 90. In the following example the alternative feeder model 1 was used for feeder 2.
The screen image of feeder parameter Yu/YF inclu-des the actual asymmetry impedances Zu and the deviations ZF as corresponding admittance values Yu and YF.
3.4.3.6 Fault current Ifw,b The table includes the measured zero sequence current per supervised feeder, the active component (Iw) and the calculated fault currents consisting of the active
When using feeder model 1 an asymmetry current Iu in A is displayed instead of the Yu-value in S.
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resp. reactive components (Ifw, Ifb). All currents are related to primary side.
3.4.3.8 parameter overview The overview screen includes the following parameters (e.g. for busbar 1): Vo1 Ieci1 Yu1 Zu1 Yo1 ... ... ... ... ... ... neutral to ground voltage 1 injection current 1 global asymmetry admittance global asymmetry impedance admittance of parallel resonant circuit (LRC) impedance of parallel resonant circuit (LRC) equivalent resistance for resonance network damping current detuning current voltage at resonance
- Zo1 -
Ro1 ... Id1 ... Iv1 ... Vres1 ...
3.4.3.7 Fault parameter Ifw, Iw The table shows the active components (Iw) of the mo-nitored feeders, the natural asymmetry (Yu), the fault admittance (YF) and the active components (Ifw) of the calculated fault currents. All currents are related to primary side.
3.4.3.9 Manual search for earthfault The screen image manual search for earthfault contains the command line with the following functions: ON ... reference values are calculated in the closed loop OFF ... end of the manual search for earthfault TRIGGER ... estimation of the fault location in the closed loop (EdC) or start manual search without the closed loop CLEAR ... clear the result of the fault location A1 ... selection feeder 1 for the manual search A2 ... selection feeder 2 for the manual search
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D I S
... change display ... show important informations ... show statistics
Hint
During the menu operation controller and detection functions stay active. Exit menu Turning the scroll wheel until the background of the line Exit menu changes to black. After confirmation, the query Store parameter or Exit without store appears. After replying the controller changes back to the same display which was selected prior entering the menu. Parameter programming in the menu Selection of a parameter is made by turning the scroll wheel. A change is only possible after selection and after pressing the scroll wheel. Readiness for change is shown by flashing of the black cursor positioned at the actual setting. Turning of the scroll wheel until display shows the requested setting of the parameter. For programming predefined words (eg on, off), letters, numbers and some special signs (-) are available. By pressing the scroll wheel again the user departs from the programming mode. Change of parameter is confirmed by symbol 3 or rejected by symbol x. All performed changes are stored only if the query Store parameter (prior to exit menu) is confirmed. All parameter settings remain safely stored if the power supply fails.
The earthfault is located by means of changes in the currents (Io, Iw, Ifw) resp. in the feeder admittances (Yo, Yu). The distance of the fault location DIST is inserted according to the determination as percentage (reference is the total loop length) in the following way: DIST Iw ... earthfault is located by means of the active component in the zero sequence current DIST Ifw ... earthfault is located by means of the active component in the fault current POLYGON ... earthfault is located by means of changes in the zero sequence currents (EdC)
3.4.4 Menu mode

By selection of x in any window the device change into the menu.
3.4.5 Installed software version

The installed software version is shown in the headline at the beginning of the menu.
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3.5 SPS - Editor

By selection of programming PLC in the menu in- / outputs the following window opens for programming of the PLC - file.
SCROLL Scrolling from one Token to the next by means of <cursor left> and <cursor right> key. INS A new Token is inserted at the actual cursor position. DEL The Token at the actual cursor position is deleted. EDIT The Edit command opens the window, where the Token will be replaced by SPS-function, variable, operator or a comment (please refer chapter 7.8).
SCROLL The program lines can be scrolled by means of <cursor up> and <cursor down> key. EDIT A program line can be entered, after the line (or an empty line) is scrolled by the cursor keys and the edit function is selected. By means of the edit command a help editor or a line editor will be called.
3.5.1 Help - Editor

The help editor opens the window for comfortable input of a program line and supports the programmer by means of program elements (help assistant).
Example: A counter should be programmed, counting (step +1) the earthfault events in the network. The counter function CNT[].INC is selected.
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Counter CNT[3].INC is selected.
The Save & Exit command stores the actual program line, after the automatic synthax check is successfully passed.
The output function OF[EARTHFAULT] is selected for trigger to increment the counter. A detected syntax error (e.g. ) is missing) can be corrected and the Save & Exit command can be executed again.
The counter is installed. The program line is stored at the main window of the help editor. By selection of previous menu you come back step per step (one menu level) to the main window .
After the program line is stored, the help editor will be closed. The programming can be continued in the PLC - editor.
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INS Insert an empty line at the actual cursor position. DEL Delete the line at the actual cursor position. CUT Delete the line at the actual cursor position. The line can be inserted at any cursor position by means of the Paste - function. COPY Copy the line at the actual cursor position. The line can be inserted at any cursor position by means of the Paste - function. PASTE Insert the content of COPY or CUT at the actual cursor position. X Change to menu mode and store the parameters.
The following editor - functions are available:
SCROLL The program line can be scrolled by the <cursor left> and <cursor right> key. EDIT Characters are typed in at the actual cursor position. INS Insert a blank at the actual cursor position. DEL Delete a character at the actual cursor position. X Cancel the actual program line.
Store the actual line after the synthax check is passed successfully. A detected syntax error (e.g. ) is missing) can be corrected and the command can be executed again.
3.5.2 Line editor

The line editor fulfils the usual editor functions without any help assistance.
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3.6 Service menu

After switching on the device for a short time the message For service routine press enter for the next 3 sec. If you push the scroll wheel within this time the following menu appears for selection:
3.7 EFD20Term
The terminal program EFD20Term (EFD20Param, EFD20Analyse) may be used for the following functions (detailed description chapter 8): - serial transmission and evaluation of the stored measurement data - change of parameter (online or offline) - operation of the controller by means of a PCkeyboard (also via modem connection) - software update via serial interface Software update The software of EFD20 will be updated via the serial interface. This function requires software update files and password provided by Trench Austria.
language German or English can be adjusted. Setting applies only for the service menu. date & time Date and time can be set. Same setting is also possible in the main menu. reset parameters to factory adjustment All parameters will be reset to factory settings, if the item is confirmed YES. With NO you can escape. check files The checksum of the files will be verified and damaged files could be recogniced. reset counters All counters (except working hours) will be reset to zero, after confirming at YES. check and repair flash disk the flash disk is checked and repaired if necessary. read EEPROM data The hardware configuration is checked and actualised in the device files. check watchdog With confirming at YES the device is forced into an endless software loop. The watchdog function has to recognice this and to iniate a reboot of the device after 10sec. exit menu and start controller The startup - procedure is continued.
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4 Start-up
4.1 Necessary preparations
4.1.1 Safety
- Replacement of fuses is done at the back of the device. Hence, swing frame installation resp. possibility for rear access is recommended. If fixed installation in wall-cabinet is used, appropriate length of wiring (for necessary pulling out of the device) has to be considered.
4.1.3 Electrical connection

Warning Connection diagrams for standard configurations as well as terminal assignment are in the project specific documentation. - Measuring and control circuits have to be protected according to local standards. - Arrange a clear and simple way of wiring. - Capacitive or inductive interference of neighbourhood cables may cause unintentional operation of digital inputs. - The permissible signal limits for in- and outputs (see project specific information) must not be exceeded. - Please observe that DC-power-relays are equipped with free wheeling diodes. Therefore the polarity of the control voltage as given in the connection diagrams must not be changed. - Please observe that digital in- and outputs are arranged in groups of 4pcs. with one common control voltage. - Use of shielded cables for measurement of neutralto-ground voltage is recommended. - Re-check the wiring prior before energising the devices (EFD20, current injection), e.g.: - Value/polarity of supply voltage - Value/polarity of auxiliary voltages - Function of movement commands to the ASC - Function of end switches - Connection of potentiometer or angle transmitter - Connection between current injection device and power auxiliary winding of coil. - Check the rotating field of the motor drive unit of the coil according to correct moving direction. - Check the current loops of all current measurements for correct connection. Normally clamp k from the current transducer must be connected with clamp l from the current input of the detection device. - In the case of shielded middle voltage cables the current on the cable shield (earthing cable) must be lead back through the toroidal transformer in order to eliminate the shield current from the measurement.
Beside the general safety hints (see chapter 1) the following hints have to be considered: - Personnel working at the ASC must not be endangered by simultaneous coil adjustment via EFD20 device. - Please observe, that the coil terminals can be live during current injection even if the coil is disconnected from the network. - Please note, that measuring circuit of the neutral-toground voltage may rise to 110 V AC in the case of an earthfault. - If messages from the EFD20 are generated for test purposes, control room staff should be informed prior (otherwise messages might be further transmitted, e.g. earthfault message). - Company regulations (e.g. authorisation for switching operations, safety) are to be followed.
4.1.2 Mechanical mounting

Dimensions of the device and outline for panel cut-out are in the project specific documentation.
Hint
- Re-check mechanical mounting of the device. Pay special attention in keeping required distances for cooling of the device. - Avoid any cutting operation in the near of the device. Never put small parts on top of the device, they could enter unnoticed.
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4.2 Start up instruction

Switch on the device (by means of main switch) and wait until the device has finished the booting routine and the overview screen is visible.
Programming PLC If the programming PLC command is called, the window opens, which includes the PLC - file of the factory settings. The PLC - file contains the in- and output assignments for operation of the device. The program lines may be disposed in any way. Additionally special predefined functions (time delays, impulses, ect.) can be used (refer to chapter 7).
Select Change into menu mode and enter the menu (standard password 2, if necesarry). Check resp. set the date, time, language and the communication parameter in the menu System configuration.
Examples: IF(MIF_ASC_1_IS_ON) = IS_ASC_1_ON() IS_ASC_1_ON is a predined function generated by the switch replica, which checks if there is a closed connection between ASC and starpoint. The state of this function is assigned to the input function MIF_ASC_1_ON (ASC1 is connected to the network). DO(D0211)=OF(FEEDER_1_EARTH) The digital output DO0211 is assigned to the output function FEEDER_1_EARTH (earthfault on feeder 1). Comments may be typed in the PLC - file and start with character <;>. Programming PLC by means of EFD20Param The PLC-file can comfortably programmed in offline mode by means of the program EFD20Param. The PLC-programming in EFD20Param supports you with a help assistant, who detects synthax errors and proposes possible program elements. Text definitions Text definition, analog outputs Strings can be typed in and assigned to analog outputs (e.g. Vo, Ipos, aso.). The analog signal is defined in the PLC - file and assigned to a free programmable 0-20mA - output.
4.2.1 Menu in/outputs
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Text definition, flags Up to 127 flags (boolic variables) can be named. The definition of the flag must also be made in the PLC file. The flags may be used for further processing and the states of the variables are stored in the data buffer of the device. Analog output characteristics Two configureable 0-20mA outputs are available as hardware option. The analog outputs can be connected to an external measuring instrument or to a remote control system. In the PLC - file the signal (standard signals are: Vo and Ipos) and the analog output characteristic is assigned to the analog output (refer to chapter 7).
Hint
Necessary conditions: Vo_min [%] < Vo_break [%] < Vo_max [%] and Vo_min [mA] < Vo_break [mA] < Vo_max [mA] With logarithmic characteristic the range from log (Vo_min [%] ) to log (Vo_max [%] ) is represented by the range Vo_min [mA] to Vo_max [mA].
Hint The characteristic (linear, break, logarithmic) of an analog output is adjusted in the menu in/outputs/ analog outputs/characteristics and is descriped in the following by means of the neutral to ground voltage Vo. With linear characteristic Vo_min [%] to Vo_max [%] is linear represented by Vo_min [mA] to Vo_max [mA]
Necessary conditions: Vo_min [%] must be > 0 !
With break characteristic the two ranges Vo_min [%] to Vo_break [%] resp. Vo_break [%] to Vo_max [%] are represented by the corresponding [mA] ranges.
Hint for coil position Ipos
Usually a linear characteristic is assigned to the analog output of coil position Ipos (PLC - file). Please note, that the percentage of the coil position is based on the maximum coil current (resp. upper end position). Therefore the minimum coil current (resp. lower end position) is about 8 - 20% according to the tuning range of the ASC. The fixed coil is considered on analog output signal, if the input function IF[MIF_FIX_IS_ON] is active. (100% corresponds to Ipos_max + I_fix). Check in/outputs The measured analog input values (ratio and phase correction aren`t considered), the state of digital inputs and input function are shown. The state of a flag or a digital output can be changed for test purpose. The principle function of the coil moving commands (MOT_UP, MOT_DOWN) and the end switches (MIF_END_I_MAX, MIF_END_I_MIN) can be checked.
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4.2.2 Basic preselection
Neutral to ground voltage Vo1, Vo2, (Vo3) The ratio of the voltage transformer is set in order to measure the neutral to ground voltages Vo1 and Vo2 (resp. Vo3).
Hint
If your ASC is designed for a higher voltage level than actually used, the values have to be recalculated in order to get a correct % - display of the voltages. Example: A coil is designed for 20 kV system voltage and equipped with a measurement winding from 11.55 kV to 100 V. If the coil is used in a 10 kV system, the ratio of 5.77 kV to 50 V has to be programmed. Text definition, device name, station name A string for the device name and the station name can be typed in. Analog inputs The ratio of voltage, current instrument transformers are adjusted and the terminal of the analog inputs are assigned to channels (refer to project specific documentation). ECI1, ECI2, (ECI3) The total ratio for the measurement of the injected currents Ieci1 and Ieci2 (resp. Ieci3) must be entered. Primary The current is injected into the networks starpoint via the power auxiliary winding of the coil. The primary injected current I-Transf. prim is calculated with the following data: - ratio of the power auxiliary winding (PAW) - ratio of the current transformer inside the ECI, e.g. : 10/1A Model 3: Secondary = 1A Example: A coil designed for 20 kV system voltage and a transformer ratio of 11.55kV/500V for the PAW gives the following result: Primary = 10/(11550/500) = 0.433 COIL, Io1, .., Io32 The ratio of the ASC current instrument transformer (COIL) and the ratio of the current instrument transformers of the supervised feeders (Io1, .., Io32) are typed in Reference voltage V12 The reference voltage is used for vectorial measuring of the voltages and the currents. Controller works with The adjustment ASC1/BB1/ECI1 means that the controller operates with arc suppresion coil 1 and calculates the network parameters with Vo1 and Ieci1 (default setting). Current injection devices ECI1 installed The available current injection device is selected. If the controller operates with ASC1/BB1/ECI1 and this item is set to No, the network will be tuned by redundancy controlling (only in case of plunger core).
Hint
The reference voltage (approx. 50 - max. 110 VAC) must always be available and must be synchronous with the supervised network. Therefore the reference voltage must not come from a frequency converter.
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ECI2 (ECI3) installed The available current injection devices are selected in case of multiple busbar configuration. If the controller is configured as slave, operates with ASC2/BB2/ECI2 (ASC3/BB3/ECI3) and this item is set to No, the network will be tuned by redundancy controlling (only in case of plunger core). Menu coil
Plunger core coil
Coil calibration This procedure adjusts the coil over the entire tuning range and lasts a few minutes. It is not necessary to connect the ASC with the network.
Coil typ The type of the ASC is selected (plunger core or step coil). Imin, Imax Input of Imin (minimum current) and Imax (maximum current) as given on the coils rating plate.
Hint
If your ASC is designed for a higher voltage level than actually used, the values have to be recalculated in order to get a correct A - display of the coil position. Example: A coil is designed for 20 kV system voltage with a nominal tuning range from 15 to 150 A. The tuning range from 7.5 to 75 A has to be programmed, if the coil is used in a 10 kV system.
After calibration is finished the following data of the Petersen coil resp. the potentiometer are shown.
Hint
In case of new coil data (Imin, Imax) the coil calibration - procedure must be performed. Timeout coil Maximum allowed time (without malfunction message Coil motion error) from movement command to the motor drive unit until change of coil position.
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Press scroll wheel and exit menu with storing of the parameters. Adjust the coil (controller is switched off) over the entire tuning range and compare coil position shown on the controller display and position indication mounted on the ASC. If deviations of more than 2 % of the maximum coil current are noticed, the coil characteristic should be linearised. After the calibration the characteristic contains only the coil positions of the minimum and maximum coil current. Coil characteristics Following possibilities for linearisation are available (Maximum 64 base points can be used): Example 1: The following values are stated in coil test report (for 1 kOhm potentiometer) 15 A 60 A 90 A 120 A 150 A 300 450 550 660 800 Ohm Ohm Ohm Ohm Ohm
At the menu coil caracteristics the values of ASC po) can be entered into the column ASC I and the values of controller display (ICONTROLLER) into the column Pot. After storing and exit of the menu, the display of controller matches with ASC position indication.
s it io n in d ic a t io n ( I
These values can be programmed directly into the menu.
Motor run time limit A counter adds all movement times and subtracts all times without coil movement. When exceeding the set threshold a device malfunction is signalled. Software limit switch Imin, Imax Input of the upper resp. lower limit Imin, Imax (software end switches), if the controller shouldn`t operate with the entire tuning range of ASC. If the software end switches are adjusted outside of the real range, they are out of function. Step coil
If the test report is not available the potentiometer values can be measured by adjusting the ASC from graduation mark to graduation mark and measuring the corresponding resistance. Example 2: After calibration the following values are shown on ASC position indication (IASC) resp. on controller display (ICONTROLLER): IASC [A] 15 60 90 120 150 ICONTROLLER [A] 15 55 82 110 150
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Step coil interface According to the feedback of coil adjustment the following interface types are available: - serial type 1: The controller gets the feedback of an adjustment via input function MIF_STC_READY. - serial type 2: The controller recognizes the coil adjustment only via the change of the potentiometer position (or via mA transmitter). Coil calibration The coil will be adjusted per step. After the delay time for stable value the actual coil position [%] is stored to the coil characteristics. The maximum amount of steps is 64. Coil characteristics The coil position per step is stored to the coil characteristics after the coil calibration procedure is finished. If necessary, the measured coil position resp. the resistance of the potentiometer can be corrected in the coil characteristics. Time definitions The adjustment of the step coil is performed by means of pulses. The pulse time and the interpulse period (delay time) will be defined. Minimum changes of the position sensor An adjustment of the step coil is only recognized, if the change of the actual potentiometer position is bigger than the adjusted minimum changes. Reset counters All counters (except working hours) will be reset.
4.2.4 Controller configuration

Activated The controller function is activated by setting of YES. Compensation Setting of a defined difference between tuning point and resonance point. The input of - determines under-compensation, without sign over-compensation is adjusted. Options The settings of the software options fix coil control, resistor control, external power switch, control at earthfault, automatic reclosing unit and Scada are descriped in chapter 7 and the functions in chapter 9.
4.2.5 Detection system configuration
4.2.3 Menu current injections, ECI

Definition of operation The standard operation of the ECI Model 3 is the bipolar cycle. If the ECI Model 3 isn`t available, this parameter should be set to unipolar. Coupling detection via neutral to ground voltages The detection of a coupled state of network sections is performed by comparison of the neutral to ground voltages. An external coupling (e.g. via feeder) can only be recognized, if the parameter is set to YES (refer to chapter 7).
Activated The detection system is activated by setting of YES. Identifying groups All relevant connections of ASCs, transformers, busbars and feeders are defined in edit breaker position replication. Edit breaker position replication The neutral to ground voltages Vo1, Vo2, (Vo3) are assigned to the zero - sequence currents of the supervised feeders via the switch replication.
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In the switch replication the measured neutral to ground voltages (via voltage instrument transformers of ASC or transformer measuring cubicle) are defined as nodes Vo1, Vo2, (Vo3) and the current instrument transformers of the feeders as nodes Io1, .., Io32. Example 1: The neutral to ground voltage 1 (node Vo1) is measured by means of the voltage instrument transformer of ASC (node ASC1). The connection of node Vo1 to node ASC1 can be handled as permanent connection, it means, this connection can be set TRUE. Example 2: The neutral to ground voltage 1 (node Vo1) is measured by means of the voltage instrument transformer at the transformer measuring cubicle (open delta). The neutral to ground voltage 1 is correctly assigned to busbar 1A (node BB1A), if the transformer is feeding busbar BB1A. In the switch replication the flag M010 (is assigned to digital input of transformer circuit breaker in PLC - file) represents the breaker position of the transformer circuit breaker to busbar 1A and connects node Vo1 and node BB1A. Example 3: The zero - sequence currents of the feeders 1 - 4 (nodes Io1 - Io4) are correctly assigned to busbar 1A (node BB1A), if the circuit breakers to busbar 1A of the monitored feeders are closed in. In the switch replication the flags M011 - M014 (are assigned to digital input of feeder circuit breakers in PLC-file) represent the breaker positions of the feeder circiut breakers to busbar 1A and connect nodes Io1 Io4 and node BB1A.
4.3 First check of controller
The ASC should be connected with the network to be compensated. Prior, adjust the coil to the expected tuning position. Switch on the controller (automatic mode). According to the actual network condition the following scenarios are possible: Controller finds tuning position correctly Adjust the coil a couple of times manually towards smaller resp. higher current and let the controller tune. If possible, change the network configuration and test the controller with different tuning positions. Adjust the main control parameter (see chapter 5) according to your requirements. Controller does not find any tuning position A couple of reasons are possible. If the problems can not be solved with the assistance of the description in chapter 6, please contact Trench Austria.
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4.4 First check of detection

Select the detection display resp. vector graphics and switch the detection system on. The display shows the measured zero - sequence current vectors and a table including the amount and phase.
In case of approximately -90 phase shift the polarity of the corresponding analog input signal must be changed or the ratio of the instrument transformer must be typed in with a negative sign. In principle the device is ready for operation. The fine tuning of the controller resp. detection function is performed by means of the parameters on the Expert level (standard password <3>).
4.5 Enable software options

The software options will be enabled by typing in the the correct passwords (please refer to delivered documents resp. back side of EFD20). If the software option is enabled, the parameters are available in the menu (Commissioning and Expert level). If the password has been entered correctly, the code will be shown as 1. Polarity check The change of neutral to ground voltage during current injection can be checked (display: check polarities with delta values). Hint
Please note, that the serial number of the device must be entered correctly for offline parameter settings with EFD20Param. Otherwise the enabled options will be disabled after transmision to EFD20.
4.6 System configuration

4.6.1 Date and time
Set the date and time. If the EFD20 is switched off, the installed capacitor back - up unit stores the actual date and time for approximately 12 hours.
4.6.2 Language
As first step the actual values must be stored as new references by selection of R in the command line. All delta values are reset to zero. Now a change can be achieved by switching on the ECI device. The delta values are different to the stored references. During healthy network conditions a feeder has more or less pure capacitive behaviour. The pase shift between delta Io and delta Vo must be approximately +90 (assumption: an external ASC isn`t closed in). Available languages are German and English.
4.6.3 Communication parameter

The adjustments of the terminal address and the baud rate on EFD20 must correspond to the settings in the terminal program EFD20Term. COM1 The serial interface COM1 at the front of EFD20 has predefined settings (115200 bd, terminal address) and is to be used for remote operation via PC/Laptop and terminal program EFD20Term (direct connection).
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COM2 - COM4 It`s recommended to connect COM2 - COM4 at the backside of EFD20 with a modem or Scada system. Terminal address For communication of EFD20 with a PC the set address has to correspond with the used address in the terminal program EFD20Term. By the use of different terminal addresses, it is possible to communicate with multiple EFD20 devices via only one modem. The EFD20 devices are connected to the modem via an interface distribution box. An integer in the range of 0 - 15 is used as terminal address. Baudrate Standard transmission rates between 1.200 - 115.200 baud are available.
4.7 Final activities

After the programming of the controller and the detection system download the adjusted parameters by means of EFD20Term to your PC and store the file in a suitable manner. Note date and time of commissioning, device and order data and anomalies, which possibly occurred. You can use the attached commissioning report for this purpose.
4.8 Commissioning report

On the next two pages a blank form for documentation of your commissioning is provided.
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Title
Page
Commissioning report of EPSY-Components

Document No Rev Author
1/2
Approved Date
Customer
: __________________________________________
Customer reference : __________________________________________ Station Order No Type Fabrication No : __________________________________________ : __________________________________________ : __________________________________________ : __________________________________________
Progress report: (strike out which does not apply resp. add what is missing) 1. Wiring checked comment: yes / no ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
2. General function checked EFD..... yes / no comment: ______________________________________________________ EF....... yes / no comment: ______________________________________________________ EF....... yes / no comment: ______________________________________________________ ECI yes / no comment: ______________________________________________________ EDC yes / no comment: ______________________________________________________
3. Settings EFD.... EFC.... EFC.... ECI adjust to EDC adjust to

Distribution Directory Rev: 1
yes / no yes / no yes / no _____A _____A
Customer,VP2, (Akt)
Author: VP2-Le Approved:VP-Po Date: 6 May 2004 Form directory:G\IMS-Dokumente\60-... Form source: Q2-1401-E,Rev 0,TP4-Of from 31 Jan 2001 This document must not be copied without our written permission, and the contents thereof must not be imparted to a third party nor be used for any unauthorized purpose. Contravention will be prosecuted. All rights reserved. TRENCH AUSTRIA GMBH
Form No: 60-057011 Form Distribution: Q,VP,VP2
Title
Page
Commissioning report of EPSY-Components

Document No Rev Author
2/2
Approved Date
4. System tests EFD.... comment: ______________________________________________________ EF...... comment: ______________________________________________________ EF...... comment: ______________________________________________________ ECI comment: ______________________________________________________ EDC comment: ______________________________________________________ Options: modem; ______________________________________________________ SCADA ______________________________________________________ further ______________________________________________________
5. Customer training
yes / no
6. Documentation, software hand over comment: Parameterfile, EFCTerm / EFDTerm ___________________________ 7. Open points: _________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________ Device ready for operation: comment: yes / no
______________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________
Commissioning:
at: _______________ date: _______________
Trench Austria GmbH
Customer
This document must not be copied without our written permission, and the contents thereof must not be imparted to a third party nor be used for any unauthorized purpose. Contravention will be prosecuted. All rights reserved. TRENCH AUSTRIA GMBH
5 Service
5.1 Control basics
5.1.1 Earthfault compensation
Earthfault compensation (arc suppression) is based on the principle, that the capacitive part of the fault current at fault location can be equalised (compensated) by the inductive current of the ASC. Hence, with ideal compensation only a very small resistive residual current flows over the fault location.
E1 N E2 E3 C Vp L C C V3 V2 V1
Ic
value is
capacitive discharge current of the system. At exact tuning (Ipos = Ic) the neutral-to-ground voltage measured on the ASC (sound network condition) reaches its maximum ("resonance point"). Inside the controller this named Ires
Detuning current Iv (v) Variation of the adjustment of the ASC from the resonance point. Detuning at the resonance point is zero (v = 0). Iv (A) = Ipos - Ic v(%) = Iv / Ic Asymmetry Zu (k) Due to the geometrical arrangement of the conductors the phase-to-ground capacitances are not equal. For the equivalent diagram a mean capacitance C and a capacitance dC of one phase (causing the asymmetry) are assumed. Zu = 1/(dC) k = dC/3C. Damping curent Id (d) Leakage resistances and losses of the ASC dampen the resonance circuit formed by the ASC and the line capacitances. Id is the residual wattmetric current and cannot be compensated by the ASC. Id(A) = E/Ro d = Id/Ic Resonance curve In systems with natural asymmetries (k > 0) the necessary inductive compensation current for the single-phase fault condition can be predetermined in the healthy network condition. By variation of the ASCs inductivity the following characteristic shape of the neutral-to-ground voltage is received
2 N V21
V31
1,2,3 V1,V 2,V 3 Vp E1,E 2,E 3 N GND V21,V31 C L IC21, IC31 IC IL
phase identification phase voltages neutral-to-ground voltage secondary voltages of the main transformer neutral earth (ground) phase-to-phase voltages phase-to-ground capacitance inductance of the adjustable arc suppression coil (ASC, Petersen coil) capacitive fault current sum of the capacitive currents inductive compensation current of the ASC
The compensated system can be described by the following parameter: Ipos adjusted current of the ASC (= IL)
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5.1.2 Control procedures

For description of the control procedures the following definitions are necessary. Compensation degree (Detuning v) In case of under-compensation (v < 0) the capacitive leakage current is not fully compensated by the inductive current of the ASC. Over-compensation (v > 0) means, that the inductive current is greater than the capacitive leakage current. Middle position of the coil The so called middle position of the coil can be set by a parameter in the EFD20 (factory setting: 50 % of the maximum coil current). Tuning point The tuning position is the final adjustment point of the Petersen coil, calculated on the basis of the resonance point with consideration of an eventual under- or over compensation. System perturbations are variations of the network that have an effect on the neutral-to-ground voltage. Switching operations or damping variations (e.g. due to weather) are not considered to be system perturbations. Possible reasons for system perturbations are, for example: Variation in symmetry of system voltage due to inexact symmetric voltage control. Asymmetric load variation. Via the series impedance of the lines, the load current influences via the series impedances of the lines the neutral-to-ground voltage.
circuit formed by L, R and 3C and leads to a change of the neutral to ground voltage dVo. Because of the vectorial measurement of voltage and current the complex zero sequence impedance Zo of the resonance circuit can be calculated.
From this data the active and the reactive part of the fault current (during solid fault) can be calculated. If the coil position is known (potentiometer), the resonance point of the network can be derived. If necessary, the controller adjust the coil to the calculated tuning point. Switching operations during the coil adjustment are recognised by supervision of the course of neutral to ground voltage. The EFD20 generally uses the impedance method. The control by means of the current injection offers the following advantages: - The network parameters can be calculated without coil adjustment. - The calculation therefore is fast. - The controller also works in symmetric networks with very small neutral to ground voltage. By means of inverse mode a permanent increase of neutral to ground voltage is possible and therefore a reliable criterion for necessary tuning operations is available. - After an eventual coil adjustment the tuning point will be checked once more. 5.1.2.2 Redundancy control If the current injection is not available any more, the device automatically changes to a control method based on coil adjustments (redundancy control only for plunger core coil). By adjusting the inductivity of the ASC and measuring the neutral-to-ground voltage the resonance curve (resp. locus diagram) can be determined. In order to reach the highest possible tuning accuracy the resonance peak is passed at least once, before the tuning point is finally reached.
5.1.2.1 Impedance calculation by means of current injection
5.2 Detection basics

L R 3C
5.2.1 Advanced admittance method

The global network parameters (Zu, Zo) and the individual feeder parameters (Zu_n, Ic_n) are calculated by means of a defined detuning (current injection) and
In the sound network the neutral to ground voltage is caused by the asymmetry impedance Zu. An additional injected current dIECI flows into the resonance
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stored as references, if the detection system will be switched on during healthy network conditions. Equivalent circuit diagram of the entire network Global view
Iu
Io_n Vo Ic_n XC_n Iu_n Zu_n E1_n
... ... ... ... ... ... ...
measured zero sequence current feeder n neutral to ground voltage capacitance current feeder n line capacitance feeder n asymmetry current feeder n asymmetry feeder n asymmetry feeding voltage feeder n
Zu=1/Yu
E1
Ieci
The expected zero sequence current (Io_nDESIRED) can be calculated by means of the neutral to ground vol-tage, if the individual feeder parameters (Zu_n, XC_n) are known. Each deviation of the measured zero sequence current (Io) from the expected current will be interpreted as individual fault current (IFault_n). Since the case of a change in the line length - due to a switching operation in the network - effects an individual fault current, an independent calculation (change of the global network asymmetry) will be performed. The evaluation of an earthfault is defined by the change of the global network asymmetry Zu. An earthfault exists, if the fault impedance ZF (change of the global network asymmetry Zu) is less than the adjusted ALARM / EARTHFAULT - threshold or the global network asymmetry Zu falls below the adjusted threshold (trigger level global asymmetry Zu). The earthfault is located on the feeder with the highest actice component of the calculated fault current (comparing procedure). In principle the detection system uses the advanced admittance method. This method offers the following advantages: - Possible existing noises in the zero sequence currents influence the calculated natural asymmetry impedances of the feeders. These impedances aren`t used for detection of the earthfault (exception: the detection system is switched on at very high neutral to ground voltage - please refer to Wattmetric method). - The criteria - to store the references - are derived from the global network parameters, since they are out of influences. - The use of references allows the calculation of fault currents, which are free of constant influences and instrument transformer`s angle accuracy, since they are already considered in the references. - By compensation of constant faults the possibilities to detect and to locate high and low resistant earthfaults are essentially improved against Wattmetric relais even during bad conditions (e.g. ring configuration, Holmgreen circuit, a.s.o.).
XL Vo
Ro
3XC
Vo ... Ieci ... XL ... Ro ... XC ... Zo ... Zu ... E1 ... Iu ...
neutral to ground voltage injected current Petersen coil global network losses global network capacitance global network impedance Zo=XL||Ro||XC=1/Yo global network asymmetry Zu = 1/Yu global asymmetry feeding voltage global asymmetry current
Equivalent circuit diagram of one feeder Individual view
Iu_n Zu_n=1/Yu_n
~
Io_n
E1_n
XC_n Vo Ic_n
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5.2.2 Wattmetric method

If the detection system will be switched on during an existing earthfault (very high neutral to ground voltage), the current injection can`t be used anymore. Since the network and line parameters aren`t available, the calculation of the fault impedance ZF isn`t possible. The detection system operates with the Wattmetric method combined with the Transient fault method till the use of the current injection will be allowed again. The sound network condition are defined by the actual global network asymmetry impedance Zu. In case of an earthfault, it means, that the global network asymmetry impedance Zu falls below the threshold Zu-Alarm, all feeders will be signalized as faulty feeders, where the individual asymmetry impedance Zu_n is less than the Alarm / Earthfault - threshold (adjustable per feeder). Possible influences of load current should be considered at the adjustment of the individual thresholds.
The individual feeder parameters (admittances) are stored as references during the closed loop configuration (refer to chapter 3.4.3.7: function ON). The changes in the individual parameters are always evaluated, if the loop is opened. The line admittance (asymmetry) increases as expected in the faulty feeder, it means, that the fault admittance is represented in the individual feeder asymmetry. In the sound feeder the line admittance decreases. A new calculation is initiated by means of function TRIGGER (refer to chapter 3.4.3.7) at open ring configuration. The actual earthfault signal will be reset resp. a new earthfault message will be generated.
5.3 Controller parameters

The following menu items can be reached in the expert level. (standard password 3). Items already mentioned under Start up are not mentioned again. Some parameters which are seldom used are only mentioned in chapter 7.
5.3.1 Controller configuration

The relevant parameter are summarised in the submenu Controller configuration / controller behaviour.
5.2.3 Modified Transient Earthfault method

During a restriking earthfault peaks in the zero sequence currents and very steep rises in the neutral to ground voltage can be observed at the repeated ignition of the lightning arc. The principle of the detection of a restriking earthfault is the evaluation of the transients in the voltage and in the currents. The modified transient earthfault method offers the following advantages: - The determination and the data acquisition in the EFD20 are furthermore improved. - The modified transient earthfault method is very reliable due to the evaluation of relativ big signals. - The transient earthfault method has the highest priority against the other methods (operating with 50 Hz - components), because during a restriking earthfault transient signals without any period appear.
5.2.4 Manual search for earthfault

Suitable switching operations (e.g. closing of loop configuration and opening at serveral positions along the loop) will be performed in the network during the manual search for an earthfault. The fault affected piece of line should be located by monitoring of faulty signalized feeder.
Vo trigger level The neutral to ground voltage is stored as reference after each control procedure. A new control procedure is started, if the actual neutral to ground voltage Vo exceeds the trigger circle (in % of the reference) for longer time than the preset trigger delay time. Trigger delay time A new control procedure is started only if the neutral to ground voltage exceeds the trigger circle longer than this time. In order to avoid unnecessary control operations (due to fluctuating neutral to ground voltage) this time should not be set too short. The usual range is between 30 and approximately 120s.
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Periodical check of the tuning state The resonance curve is checked by means of the adjusted intervall. This function will be disabled by input of 0 (standard setting). Voltage at earthfault In case of an earthfault the controller blocks the coil movement immediately. If this happens during control procedure or if the earthfault lasts longer than the programmed time for transient earthfault, a forced trigger is released after the earthfault vanishes. Hence, the controller performs a control operation in any case. Transient earthfault time An Earthfault (Vo > Vearth) lasting less than the adjusted delay is handled as transient earthfault. The amount of transient earthfault events is counted. Fine tuning of controller
5.4 Detection parameters

The following menu items can be reached in the expert level. (standard password 3). Items already mentioned under Start up are not mentioned again. Some parameters which are seldom used are only mentioned in chapter 7.
5.4.1 Admittance method
Coil middle position Only in the redundancy mode, the controller starts a tuning search always in direction of the adjusted middle position. Tollerated mismatch The tollerated mismatch defines a tolerance between the actual coil postion and the calculated tuning point. E.g. if the calculated tuning point is 170 A and the tollerated mismatch is 5 A, then coil positions between 165 A and 175 A will be accepted as tuning position. Maximum tries of tuning operations If the controller can not tune the network by means of the current injection after the adjusted amount of trials, the controller changes automatically to the redundancy mode (only in case of a plunger core).
Use admittance method up to [V] The admittance method is used up to the adjusted voltage level. If desired, the selective earthfault messages can be released by means of the wattmetric method at neutral to ground voltages above the adjusted voltage threshold. It is recommended to use the admittance method over the entire voltage range, it means, the threshold should be set bigger than 100% of the total neutral to ground voltage.
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Periodical recalculation The feeder admittances will be periodically updated (resp. new calculated) per adjusted period. Big changes of the admittances will be recognised by an automatic trigger process, therefore the setting of less than 30min is not recommended. Trigger levels for earthfault The change of the global asymmetry (ZF = 1 / YF) is estimated by the change of the neutral to ground voltage. If the fault impedance (ZF) exceeds the adjusted trigger threshold, a recalculation is initiated. The evaluation of a high resp. low resistant earthfault is performed by means of two different levels (ALARM, EARTH). The trigger levels for the global asymmetry (Zu=1/Yu), the ALARM / EARTH - threshold per feeder and the delays are adjusted. Trigger levels for recalculation Any change of the line capacitance due to switching operation in the network leads to a change of the neutral to ground voltage and the zero sequence currents, similar like a high resistant fault. The calculation resp. check of the line capacitances is automatically triggered, if the fault impedance falls below the adjusted threshold of a high resistant earthfault (threshold and delay for recalculation is adjustable per feeder). A high resistant earthfault is only signalized after the recalculation by means of the current injection has been finished.
transformers) may be reduced, also the wattmetric losses in the network decrease at smaller neutral to ground voltage. Tripping characteristic (type) A The detection operating behaviour corresponds to a standard relay with wattmetric trigger characteristic. All feeders fulfilling the tripping criterias are signalized as faulty feeders. The operating behaviour with tripping characteristic A is identical to the wattmetric method applied in the past.
5.4.2 Wattmetric method
Angle precision of current transformers Phase inaccuracy of the current instrument transformers may lead to the calculation of not real wattmetric components in the zero sequence currents. The angle precision defines a sector which limits the faulty area in the complex plane. Threshold wattmetric current Iwatt Wattmetric currents (Iw) above the individual threshold will lead to the indication of the corresponding feeder. The adjustment of the threshold must also consider, that the wattmetric current is reduced at smaller neutral to ground voltage.
Voltage threshold (primary) The wattmetric protection is restricted down to the adjusted voltage threshold. At lower voltages the accuracy of current instrument transformers (toroidal
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Tripping characteristic (type) B
5.4.4 Directional ground fault protection

By means of the following parameters a sector (maximum three sectors) can be defined for detection of a faulty feeder (for instance, sector 67N.2).
The expected wattmetric current (damping current Id is shown on the controller display) has to be typed in per busbar. By means of the threshold factor a global threshold for all feeders per busbar is determinated, for instance, Id1 x F1 for busbar 1. The multiplication with this threshold and the actual measured neutral to ground voltage is performed. In comparison to a solid fault, the result of the multiplication delivers a higher sensitivity for high resistant earthfault at lower neutral to ground voltages. Standard relais for recognizing high resistant faults have to be adjusted with high sensitivity and carry the risk to deliver wrong indications at a solid fault and an inaccuracy of the measurement.
Activate The factory settings of tripping sector 67N.2 can be used for ground fault detection in networks with isolated neutral point. If desired, the parameter Activate of trip-ping sector 67N.2 has to be set to YES (the factory setting is NO for all sectors). Activate sector 67N.2 per feeder On the selected feeders (activate = 1) the evaluation of the faulty feeder is performed according to the further adjustments (thresholds) of sector 67N.2. Threshold Vo If the voltage Vo exceeds the adjusted threshold (primary resp. secondary), an earthfault is on the network. Threshold Io_Min Adjustment of minimum zero sequence current Io (primary resp. secondary). If the current doesn`t exceed the minimum threshold, the ground fault isn`t detected. Angle ALPHA, angle BETA The limits (ALPHA, BETA) of the relative angle of zero sequence current to the voltage Vo are adjusted. The positive values are counted in clockwise direction. A faulty feeder is detected, if the voltage and current thresholds are exceeded and the relative angle of the zero sequence current W_Io_relativ to the voltage Vo is bigger than angle ALPHA and smaller than BETA. Settings of hysteresis and relapse ratios For instance, healthy network conditions are recognized, if the voltage Vo drops down below threshold (e.g. 1000 V) * relapse ratio (e.g. 50%) = 500 V after an earthfault event. Hysteresis for the limits angle ALPHA and angle BETA are also adjustable.
5.4.3 Transient earthfault method

This method works similar like standard transient relays, however specially adapted to intermittend faults (parameters are described in chapter 7).
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5.5 Evaluations
5.5.1 Data recorder
The device is equipped with a ring buffer for 2000 measurement points. If the buffer is full, a backup-file is written onto the internal flash disc. The following data are recorded: - Date, time - Analog input signals (Vo, Ieci, Io, Ipos, aso.) - Network and line parameters - In- and output functions - 128 variables (defineable) The data buffer and the backup-files are loaded and evaluated on a PC/Laptop by means of the program EFD20Term (refer to chapter 8).
All counters (except operating time) can be reset to zero (commissioning level, menu basic preselection). Controller statistics
5.5.2 Show statistics

By selection of S in the controller or detection screen, following statistic information can be selected: Detection statistics
Statistics EFD20
Feeder statistics
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5.5.3 Show important informations

By selection of I the following informations can be displayed: Fault informations
Input functions The input function MIF_ASC_1_IS_ON indicates, that the ASC1 is connected to the network (e.g. this information can come from an auxiliary contact of the coil disconnector via a digital input on EFD20).
The reference voltage V12 is used for vectorial measuring of the voltages and the currents. If the amount of the reference voltage falls below 10% of the nominal voltage (refer to chapter 4.2.2), useful measured values aren`t available. The EFD20 generates an error signal, the fault information screen describes the error reason. Output functions As long as the controller (detection system) is switched on, the output function CONTR_IS_ON (DET_IS_ON) is activated. The output function TUNED indicates, that the controller tuned the network correctly.
EFD20 serial numbers The serial number (e.g. S/N: 2033031109) of the EFD20 and of the installed modules are inserted.
Display event list The event list can include the following events: - flags (refer to chapter 7, text definition) - earthfault signals (alarm, earth, trip) - switch off/on commands of Automatic Reclosing Unit - RESET PLC after storing the parameters - REBOOT last start up of EFD20 device
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The following example informs about: - RESET EVENTLIST: the event list was reset (e.g. at the expert level) - RESET PLC: the menu was left and the parameters (and PLC - file) were stored - EARTH Io02Abgang 2: an earthfault is on feeder 2, c ... signal coming, g ... signal going - EARTH busbar 1: global earthfault signal for busbar 1, feeder 2 is connected to busbar 1
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5.6 Regularly tests / maintenance

The EFD20 signalizes a lot of operational errors by its own. A regularly check on occasion or according to the users internal regulations is nevertheless recommended, in order to recognize any eventual problems of the device function. The following descriptions should just be a guideline or suggestion how to perform such tests, however they do not claim to completeness.
Remote control:
Ask for remote operation according to the existing possibilities (auto/manual/up/down/...) and check the correct operation and feedbacks. Check the indicated coil position at EFD, coil and to remote operation centre.
5.6.2 More accurate test

These test require a modification of the devices wiring. Necessary are : PC with terminal software and cable Multimeter Test generator for test signals (currents, voltages) cables, sockets,.. for the test circuit.
5.6.1 Simple test

The device remains in operation, there are no modifications necessary on the wiring. Control function: - switch the device to manual mode - detune the coil manually as far as possible, however as a minimum out of the range for tolerated mismatch. - switch back the device to automatic mode. - after the trigger delay the controller calculates the resonance point and adjust back the coil to the tuning point. - The controller calculates again at the estimated new tuning point and sets the tuned - message if the coil position is ok. - Check the behavior of the controller in regard of the set tuning parameters. The obtained tuning point must fit according to the chosen compensation degree and the tolerated mismatch Detection function: - switch off the detection, then on again, or start a forced trigger calculation. Check the calculated Icvalues of the feeders and their angles, which approximately should be +90. At extremely short feeders or in case of parallel feeders, bigger deviations can be possible and sometimes it becomes difficult to decide whether the polarity is correct or not. If the condition of the network was not changed too much, a comparison with the values during the commissioning should be made. In case of differences or doubts about the correctness (e.g. long cable but only small Ic value) it is recommended to check the analog inputs. digital inputs: check if all states of the digital inputs as indicated on the device front are correct, especially all switch states from disconnectors and breakers of the network. time: correct the clock of the device if necessary. If you have Scada or Ethernet connection it should be possible to have an automatic synchronization of time.
A check of the EFD20 function can be done in the following way:
Attention
During the checks as described in the following, the normal function of the device is no more guarantied. Additionally signals could be generated which are not related to the normal operation of the device. Control and detection therefore should be deactivated, the remote control blocked and the people in the operation centre should be informed about such activities. The connection of the device must fulfill all relevant safety regulations (e.g. PE-conductor, supply voltage in regular range, etc.) During the tests the necessary attention must be paid, when potentially dangerous voltages are used !
A.) Control of hardware : 1.) Operation elements: Check the scroll wheel. Move between the different displays and activate by pushing onto the wheel. Adjust the contrast if necessary. Push onto the scroll wheell (> 2 sec) and turn (right -> darker; left -> brighter). Check the buttons; switch between automatic and manual mode respectively switch off / on the detection. 2.) RS232 - interfaces: check each interface by communication with EFD20Term. 3.) LAN interface: You can test the LAN interface by communication with EFD20Term. You must connect the EFD with the network interface of your PC. You need a crossover 2xRJ45 cable and probably you have to change the network communication
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parameters (TCP/IP) at the PC. If communication is successfully established, you can check in the screen active LAN connections at the EFD. In this display the IP address of the other device (= your PC) will be shown. 4.) CAN interface: The CAN - interface is only needed for connection of an EFX20. If the CAN connection works, the in- and outputs of the EFX are visible from the EFD20. (menu: <check in/outputs>) 5.) 20 mA interfaces: Check the current outputs in the menu <check analog outputs>. If you dont get the adjusted must values at your multimeter (DC, observe correct range), check the burden of the current loop. The precision of the output should be about 2% of the peak value (20 mA). (It is better for the neutral to ground voltage to use a break or logarithmic characteristic, otherwise no satisfactory precision can probably be achieved at small voltages.) 6.) Potentiometer input: Check the potentiometer measurement by the comparison between position reading at the coil and at the device. Then move the coil through the complete range and carry out the comparison at several positions. Deviations of about 2% of the coil maximum can be accepted. The coil calibration and linearization should be repeated at greater deviations. 7.) Digital inputs: Remove the plugs from the digital inputs of the device. Prepare suitable test plugs with which you can bring control voltage to the inputs. Check the inputs in the menu <check digital inputs>. 8.) Digital outputs: Remove the plugs from the digital outputs of the device. Prepare suitable test plugs with which you can check the contacts. (Suggestion: connect contacts in parallel, check closed contacts with multimeter). Switch on the contacts to be tested in the menu <check digital outputs>. 9.) Analog inputs: For this test it is necessary to disconnect the current cables from the analog inputs of the device. You need a test generator, which produces tensions in the area of 0 - 100 V AC 50 Hz and currents in the area of 0 -1 A (5 A) AC 50 Hz. In addition, you need a multimeter, with which you can control the amplitude of the test signal during the test. Take into account that the EFD measures the 50 Hz component of the signals only. Normal multimeters also measure the true RMS value so that a different measuring can arise already due to this fact. The measurement at the EFD20 should be done in the menu "check analog inputs" because no transformer ratios are taken into account at the display there.
Acceptance criterion: Due to the possible measuring inaccuracies at this test an obtained precision of +/- 3% at the amplitude and + / - 3 at the phase is sufficient. Reference voltage: recommended 100 V AC 50 Hz (minimum 10V), between clamps XA01 und XA02 test voltage : You can test all voltage inputs in parallel by means of a suitable test connector . (If no suitable test voltage source is available, one can get the test voltage from an ohmic voltage divider (e.g. potentiometer with sufficient duty) out of the reference voltage. For the test a voltage signal which is in phase with the reference voltage is sufficient. The measured phase of such signal must be zero then (check of phase measurement). Test currents: You can test all current inputs in series by means of a suitable test connector. (If no suitable test current source is available, one can get the test current from the reference voltage via a ohmic series resistor. Perform such tests at 1% , 10%, 100% of the measurement range.
B.) Check of parameter settings : Upload the parameter file of the device onto your PC and compare it with the backup - file, which you have produced during the commissioning. (Function Compare with file in program EFDParam). SPS files can be compared with suitable text editors. Check on eventual differences and decide if you accept them or if you want to take them back. Note all changes, which you do during this check in a text file. The notes should contain which change has been performed, the reason for it, who has done the change and date and time. If any problems are discovered during such check please contact the responsible agent or the manufacturer in order to discuss the problem. The necessary questions of an eventual repair (return of device, change of components, overall check, etc.) can be better discussed in advance.
5.6.3 Functional test of detection

General: In principal the best test for the detection is a real fault, since the behavior of the network and the measurement has an essential importance on the correctness of the earthfault indication. (Problems can be circulating currents in parallel feeders, influences of near cables, currents on cable screens, etc. )
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Such problems cannot be detected by a check of the device only ! However during each earthfault there is the risk of a cross country fault. Therefore many network utilities do not allow to perform earthfault tests in their networks. In those networks at least an analyse after real faults should be made by evaluation of the EFD data files, in order to judge the functionality of the device. Device test: The EFD20 uses 3 different methods at detection: - admittance method - wattmetric method (trip sectors) - transient method - Out of those 3 methods only the wattmetric method can be tested simply. Such test covers the whole functional chain from measurement to earthfault indication. - The admittance method needs to determine global network parameter. Therefore an artificial network (net model) would be required. - The test of the transient method requires special test signals (Vo, Io) with exact time relation, as they appear during a transient or restriking earthfault. 2. Test circuit for the wattmetric method at a EFD20 already installed in the station If the EFD20 has been enabled to trip feeders, special attention has to be paid during the test. Since the earthfault detection will not be active during the test a backup protection for the network should be activated during the test. 2.1 Necessary test signals: Adjustable voltage (e.g. 0 - 100 V AC) for the Vo - input Adjustable current (e.g. 0 - 200 mA AC) for the Io - input of the tested feeder The test current should be opposite with the test voltage.
OFF Vo test (0...100 V) CB Io (0...200 mA) ON
2.2 Necessary digital signals: Each feeder to be tested must be under supervision. Therefore the EFD20 must receive the corresponding circuit breaker (CB - ON) message. If the option automatic reclosing - ARU is used, the device generates a switch - OFF pulse after recognition of the simulated earthfault. If also the switch - ON pulse should be tested, the EFD20 must receive the circuit breaker - OFF feedback, otherwise it will not be generated a switch ON signal. 2.3 Necessary parameter preparations: The control function must be deactivated (manual mode). The admittance method must be switched off.
The wattmetric method must be activated. The voltage must be higher than the adjusted threshold.
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2.4 Test procedure First the test current (input Io) is increased to a level above the adjusted threshold for the wattmetric relay. These thresholds can be adjusted individually per feeder. In the example below, the test current must be above 12.5 mA.
disconnect the fault. The data buffer will show an earthfault event coming and going.
2.5 Final works: Then the test voltage must be increased. If the value reaches the threshold the fault message will be released. If autoreclosing is activated the corresponding switching cycles will be started. In the case of a permanent fault (no disconnection) you will get following display as an example: After testing all feeders in that way, the test equipment can be removed and the correct signals Vo and Io from the network must be reconnected. If current instrument transformers have been short circuited during the tests, the current loops into the EFD20 must be opened again.
In the case of automatic feeder disconnection a trip signal from EFD20 to the circuit breaker will
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6 Messages / malfunctions
6.1 Messages
The first three lines of the EFD20 display are reserved for the following messages: - Controller messages - Detection messages - System components state messages
CONTROLLER ON -CB search position The controller is putting the coil to the predefined position (external power switch). CONTROLLER ON -CB The controller has put the coil to the predefined position (External circuit breaker). CONTROLLER ON ERROR An error has occurred. The reason is indicated in the following line. In addition a malfunction is signalised. V12<<10% The controller and the detection system are in error state. The EFD20 isn`t able to measure the voltages and the currents, if the reference voltage V12 falls below 10% of the nominal voltage (see chapter 4.2.2). Coil motion The controller has released an adjustment command to the coil. However, no movement (> 0,1 %) within the preset time or a movement into the wrong direction was reported back. Motor operation time The controller has continuously adjusted the coil. The set motor operation time was exceeded (refer to chapter 7). DSP Error There is a conflict at the internal data communication. Set time The controller has an invalid time due to an empty buffer capacitor for the integrated circuit of the internal clock. The actual time must be set again. Search 1, .., search 6 The actual state during the coil adjustment is inserted. Search middle position If the neutral to ground voltage doesn`t exceed the Vmin - threshold within the ASC entire tuning range, the coil will be adjusted to the programmed coil middle position. Positioning - The controller adjusts the coil onto the previously determined resonance point at activated option Control at earthfault. - At activated option external circuit breaker the controller adjusts the coil to the predefined position. (Vmin)(15') The coil is adjusted to the preset middle position. At the end of the set delay time (see chapter 7) the
6.2 Controller messages

CONTROLLER ON The controller reacts on Vo voltage changes in the network and adjusts the coil onto the correct tuning point after switching operations (automatic mode). CONTROLLER OFF The controller performs no automatic coil adjustments. A manual adjustment of the coil is possible by operation e.g. at the controller (manual mode). CONTROLLER ON new parameter The controller performs a new calculation of the tuning point by means of the current injection CONTROLLER ON trigger (35) The neutral to ground voltage has exceeded the threshold circle. The remaining time until start of the control procedure is shown in brackets. CONTROLLER ON tuned The controller successfully finished the control procedure. CONTROLLER ON not compensated The controller finished the tuning procedure. The calculated tuning point is situated outside the coil tuning range. The coil is moved into an end position. CONTROLLER ON redundancy operation The controller had a problem with the current injection and therefore changed into the redundancy mode (determination of resonance point by means of coil adjustment, only in case of plunger core). The redundancy mode will be finished either by swiching the controller or the detection system off / on or automatically after 24 hours. CONTROLLER ON -CB trigger (10) Indication at activated option external power switch and set input function CIF_SWITCH. After 10s delay the controller puts the coil to a predefined position.
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Vmin message is released (if a new control procedure is not started within the set time). The remaining time (in minutes) until release of the relay message is shown in brackets. (Vmin) trigger (123) The trigger threshold was exceeded during waiting position Vmin. The remaining time (in seconds) until start of the search procedure is shown in the brackets. Transient earthfault The neutral to ground voltage exceeded the threshold for recognition of earthfaults. However, the time for a permanent earthfault was not exceeded yet. Earthfault The neutral to ground voltage exceeded the voltage threshold for recognition of earthfaults. The earthfault is present at least for the transient earthfault time. Rp on, Rp off The resistor switch on / off - command is released (refer to chapter 9, option resistor control) R blocked The reclosing of the resistor is blocked, if the temperature exceeded the threshold (controller uses an internal temperature model) or by an external block via digital input (see chapter 9, option resistor control) Fix on, fix off The tuning range of the coil is not sufficient any more, hence the controller generates the switch on / off command to an external fix coil (see chapter 9, option fix coil control).
6.4 System components state messages

Circuit state of ASC The screen image informs about the circuit states of the ASCs in the network (also see chapter 3). ECI state informations The following state informations are inserted: ECI. ECI.. ECI..1+ ECI..1ECI..2+ ECI..2..ECI wait (5s) ECI is requested ECI is used ECI1 operating (pos. polarity) ECI1 operating (neg. polarity) ECI2 operating (pos. polarity) ECI2 operating (neg. polarity) External ECI request (.) or used (..) The controller recognizes variations in the neutral to ground voltage. After 5s the controller will start a new calculation of the network parameters. The reliability conditions of valid measured values are not fulfilled (e.g. due to switching operation in the network during the measurement). The actual values are ignored and the controller starts a new measurement by means of current injection. If the maximum retries of ECI cycle is exceeded, the controller automatically changes to redundancy method (only in case of plunger core).
ECI(1)
6.5 Malfunctions
6.5.1 Start up
The EFD20 display remains dark after the device is switched on If the display remains dark after approximately 30s (after the device is switched on, the display is dark due to BIOS - startup procedure), please check the feeding voltage (refer to project information). Check resp. replace the fuse F1 at the rear of the EFD20. The EFD20 does not measure any voltage Nothing or only a very small voltage is displayed. - Check the voltage at the input terminals of the device. - If the display is missing (but voltage is present) first check the adjusted voltage transformer ratio and the assignment to the anlogue input channels.
6.3 Detection messages

DETECTION ON new parameter The detection system is calculating new network parameters with the current injection. DETECTION ON ALARM BB1 (BB2, BB3) An error happened at busbar 1 (2, 3). The reason is mentioned in the fault information screen. BB1 (BB2, BB3) An earthfault lasts on busbar 1 (2, 3) or on a feeder connected to busbar 1 (2, 3). BB1 (BB2, BB3) A high resistant earthfault lasts on busbar 1 (2, 3) or on a feeder connected to busbar 1 (2, 3).
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If these settings are correct, please contact Trench Austria. - At symmetric networks and / or with detuning the neutral to ground voltage can be very small. In automatic mode (controller is on) the controller tries to calculate the resonance point by means of the current injection. If the maximum retries of cur-rent injection is exceeded, the controller changes to redundancy mode (only in case of plunger core coil) to find a neutral to ground voltage > 0.1% within the entire tuning range of the coil. If this voltage can not be found, the coil is positioned to the predefined middle position. The EFD20 does not measure any current Nothing or only a small current is displayed. - Please check, which current is really flowing into the clamps of the device. - If the measured current is ok, check the parameter of the transformer ratios and the assignment of the clamps. The state of a binary input does not fulfil the expectations By means of the menu check digital inputs the states of all binary inputs can be checked.
c.) The status of a binary input function does not fulfil the expectations (menu check input functions). First check if the corresponding physical input is correctly set. Check in the PLC -file, if the assignment of the input function to the corresponding binary input is correct.
Hint
Please consider, that a change of the assignment will be activated, after the parameters and the PLC - file have been stored (exit menu and store configuration). A digital output does not operate as expected The device offers the possibility to set each output relay in the menu check digital outputs. The wiring and the presence of the control voltage can be checked and if the output relay inside the controller really switches (push scroll wheel on EDIT).
a.) The input is ON, but should be OFF. Check the voltage, that is applied between the input contact and the corresponding common. Coupling (inductive or capacitive) of voltages from neighbouring wires can happen. If such coupled voltages are present, change the wire arrangement in order to find wires with less coupling or use separate shielded cables. b.) The input is OFF, but should be ON. Check if the required signal voltage level is applied on the terminals. This voltage must be supplied externally, a make contact only is not sufficient! If the input doesn`t operate at all, please contact Trench Austria.
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If the relay operates correctly, check the assignment of the output function to the output relay. Correct possible errors. Please note, that the assignment is only active after the parameter and the PLC - file is stored. The assignment of the output functions can be tested by setting the corresponding output function in the menu check output functions.
If an angle transmitter is used, the current setting (for input ranges and burden resistances refer to project information) is converted into a measurement voltage (converted in the same way as with measurement via potentiometer). Hence, check if the used mA - transmitter is able to cover the voltage drop on the burden resistance. Furthermore, the angle transmitter should convert the coil position directly (without any steps and additional delay) into a mA - signal. - If the coil position measurement doesn`t operate correctly and the above mentioned aids are without success, please contact Trench Austria.
6.5.2 Control function

The controller calculates the network parameters by means of the current injection. If the adjusted amount of trials for a valid current injection is not sufficient, the controller automatically changes into the control procedure with coil adjustment (redundancy mode, only in case of plunger core coil). If the controller is not able to tune the coil by means of the current injection (resp. controller does not show the resonance curve) the polarity of the measured injection current should be checked. If the resistance Ro (inserted on controller display) is negative, change the clamps k and l of the ECI current input or enter a negative transformer ratio. Fluctuating neutral to ground voltage Vo If the controller has tuned the network, fluctuations in the neutral to ground voltage, exceeding the trigger circle, could lead to a new trigger procedure. If the voltage returns back within the trigger delay, only the counter of the trigger events is increased by one. In case of redundancy control a lot of unnecessary tuning procedures may happen, if the trigger delay is adjusted too low. Hence, the trigger delay should be set between 30 and 120s. In some networks the neutral to ground voltage fluctuates very slowly during the run of the day. These slow fluctuations can not be suppressed by means of the trigger delay and of the measurement filter (parameter time constant). However, the situation is improved by Follow up of the neutral to ground voltage, where the actual neutral to ground voltage is taken as a new reference at regular time intervals (e.g. 30 min). Lower values than 5 min are not adjustable.
Measuring the coil position The measurement of the coil position is performed by a potentiometer or by a configurable mA - input (angle transmitter). The controller evaluates the position of the potentiometer by applying a voltage (approximately 5 V DC) to the potentiometer (between +Pot and -Pot) and measuring the voltage on the sliding contact (between sPot and -Pot). The most common error during start up is the unintentional exchange of terminals. - Exchange of -Pot and +Pot The indicated position changes into the wrong direction. - Exchange of sliding contact and +Pot This error is indicated by a strong non linearity in the assignment of the potentiometer position and the voltage on the exchanged sliding contact. - Check if the selector switch for setting the proper range of the angle transmitter is in the correct position. If the potentiometer is used, the correct position is 0!
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6.5.3 Coupling detection

The automatic coupling detection between the two busbars of a station is performed by comparison of the neutral to ground voltages Vo1 and Vo2. If the two voltages are equal and behave similar, it is assumed, that the busbars are coupled (ASC1-ASC2). If the coupling is not performed via a coupling switch at the station, an external coupling is present. If it is not possible to arrange an external coupling via feeders, the external coupling could be simulated by closing in the internal coupling and an available feedback of the coupling switch must be deactivated. If the coupling detection does not start, check the adjustments in the menu coupling detection via neutral to ground voltages (in the standard settings it is activated). If the voltages Vo1 and Vo2 are too different, increase the percentage threshold tolerance voltage difference or the absolute threshold minimum tolerance voltage difference (don`t adjust more than double of the factory settings). If the voltages Vo1 and Vo2 are in opposite direction and the voltage behaviours are in opposite during current injection, the polarity of one voltage must be changed. In this case you have also to check the control function and the polarity of homopolar currents in the network area, where the voltage was changed (180 phase shift). In principle if the coupling will be opened, the voltages will be different. This will initiate a new check with the current injection. During this injection the voltages will behave different and the coupling must be opened. If the device does not detect the open coupling, check the change of the voltages, when the coupling will be opened. The change must be bigger than the adjusted tolerance delta voltage difference. If the coupling is closed in again and the voltage change is bigger then the setting of new check of coupling state at variation of Vo, the coupling detection procedure will start again.
6.5.4 Detection function

If the natural assymetry impedances of one or more feeders are unexpected low, most likely there is a problem with unbalanced zero sequence currents Io on these feeders. The unbalanced curerents can have the following reasons: - Arranged loops (low resistant path around the loop) enable circulating current - due to magnetic coupling from neighbouring lines or due to different phase distribution of the load currents. In principle the EFD20 has the possibility to handle these configuration as single feeder. In this case there will generated an earthfault signal on all feeders, which are arranged to the loop. The handling of the ring configuration as single feeder is activated by means of an digital input. The handling as single feeder isn`t always necessary. In case of constant circulating current the undesireable component in the zero sequence current is included in the reference and can be corrected at the appearance of an earthfault. For the special case - switching on the detection system - the sensitivity of the individual asymmetry thresholds of the corresponding feeders must be reduced. In case of fast fluctuating circulating currents an individual delay of the earthfault signal is recommended - due to averaging - the fluctuating component of the zero sequence current is filtered. Slow fluctuating circulating currents would require a long average time (resp. earthfault signal delay). In this case the use of a fix ring configuration is recommended. - Holmgreen connections may cause virtual zero sequence currents due to slightely different ratios of the current instrument transformers. In case of a Holmgreen circuit the zero sequence current of only one feeder is influenced in the same way. The influence could be reduced by means of better instrument transformer accuracy or by the use of toroidal transformers. - At toroidal transformers problems could exsist, if the current on the cable screen is not perfectly compensated - due to incorrect leading back of the cable screen through the transformer to earth. Parallel earthing pathes may cause, that the full screen current isn`t compensated. The leading back of the cable screens should be checked (resp. corrected) and possible parallel earthing paths must be interrupted.
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Real asymmetries in the zero sequence system can be caused by different line to earth capacitances of the phases (e.g. if overhead lines aren`t twisted) or in case of an earthfault. If an overhead line isn`t twisted, the capacitive asymmetry affects to the neutral to ground voltage in the sound network. Single phase interruption in one feeder without earth contact can also cause a bigger capacitive asymmetry. The maximum sensitivity of the admittance method is given by the fact, that a high resistant earthfault in the same order of magnitude and in the opposite of the capacitive asymmetry couldn`t be detected.
6.6 Frequently asked questions

Switch off / on of the EFD20 A power capacitor module is installed in the device. If the capacitors are totally charged, they support the main functions in case of a feeding voltage failure. Display contrast The contrast of the display could be changed due to variations in the temperature. Press the scroll wheel at least for 2s to adjust the contrast. Set the desired contrast by turning on the scroll wheel. Press the scroll wheel again to store the actual contrast and to exit the setting mode. The display lighting is switched off automatically after 15 minutes without any operation of the device. The display will be bright again by pressing on the scroll wheel. EFD20 is in menu mode During the menu mode the controller and detection function continues the operation with the actual adjustments. If the settings will be changed and stored, the detection system calculates new parameters and the controller starts a new tuning procedure. The menu mode will be finished after 60 minutes without any operation of the device. Possible changes of the settings are lost.
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7 Parameters
Parameter for device programming are within a structured menu. The structure of the menu levels is fixed and can not be changed. The following three menu levels can be protected with password, if desired. Operation level (1) Only main parameter (Top Ten Parameter) for correction of service performance are available Commissioning level (2) Only parameter necessary for start-up procedure are available. Expert level (3) All relevant parameters for fine tuning of controller and detection function are available for advanced user. Also the standard passwords can be individually changed on this level.
Parameter overview The following structure includes the parameters of all user levels. The character(s) in brackets shows the availability of parameter at individual user level. Enable options (2, 3) Control system (2, 3) Detection system (2, 3) Resistor control (2, 3) Home position Rp (2, 3) Fix coil control (2, 3) External power switch (2, 3) Control at earthfault (2, 3) SCADA (2, 3) SCADA protocol (2, 3) Automatic reclosing function (2, 3) Basic preselection (2) Text defintion, device name, station (2) Analog inputs (2) Reference angle V12 (2) Number of monitored feeders (2) Edit analog channels (2) Controller works with (2) Coil (2) Coil typ (2) Coil Imin (2) Coil Imax (2) Timeout coil (2) Plunger core coil (2) Coil calibration (2) Coil characteristics (2) Motor time limit (2) Software limit switch (2) Imin (2) Imax (2)
Step coil (2) Step coil interface (2) Coil calibration (2) Coil characteristics (2) Time definitions (2) Puls time (2) Delay time (2) Delay time for stable value (2) Minimum changes of position sensor (2) Current injection devices (2) ECI 1 installed (2) ECI 2 installed (2) ECI 3 installed (2) Detuning capacitor, EDC (2) EDC1 installed (2) EDC1 capacity (2) EDC2 installed (2) EDC2 capacity (2) EDC3 installed (2) EDC3 capacity (2) Reset counters (2) Controller configuration (1)(2)(3) Activated (1)(2)(3) Compensation (1)(2)(3) Fixed coil (3) Activate fix coil (3) Fix coil (3) Control behaviour (1)(3) Vo-trigger level (1)(3) Trigger delay time (1)(3) Time constant input filter (3) Follow up Vo (3) Periodical check of the tuning state (3) Voltage at earthfault (1)(3) Transient earthfault time (1)(3) Multiple busbar operating mode (3) Controller operating mode (3) Behaviour Slave controller (3) Behaviour of Slave controller (3) Predefined coil position (3) Fine tuning controller (3) Coil middle position (3) Tolerated mismatch (3) Maximum tries of tuning operations (3) Options (2, 3) Fix coil control (2, 3) Activated (2, 3) Fix coil (2, 3) Activate fix coil (2, 3) Switching of point (2, 3) Switching on point (2, 3) Resistor control (2, 3) Activated (2, 3) Automatic activated (2, 3) Permissible duty (2, 3) Cooling time (2, 3) Delay times home position off (2, 3) Turn on delay time 1 (2, 3) Turn on time 1 (2, 3) Turn on delay time 2 (2, 3) Turn on time 2 (2, 3)
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Delay times home position on (2, 3) Turn off delay time 1 (2, 3) Turn off time 1 (2, 3) Turn off delay time 2 (2, 3) External power switch (2, 3) Activated (2, 3) Coil position (2, 3) Control at earthfault (2, 3) To resonance point (2, 3) Trigger delay (2, 3) Configuration of detection system (1)(2)(3) Activated (1)(2)(3) Identifying groups (2, 3) Edit breaker position replication (2, 3) Groupidentification (2, 3) Minimum feeder length per feeder (2, 3) Tolerated angle for identifying groups (2, 3) Use fix ring configurations (2, 3) Edit ring configurations (2, 3) Admittance methode (1, 2, 3) Activate (1, 2, 3) Use admittance methode up to (3) Periodical recalculation (3) Trigger levels for earthfault (3) Start delay of alarm (3) Start delay of trip (3) Feeder selective delay (3) Stop delay of trip (3) Trigger level alarm, earthfault (3) Trigger level global asymmetry (3) Threshold alarm, trip per feeder (3) Trigger levels for recalculation (3) Delay of recalculation per feeder (3) Trigger level recal. feeder parameters (3) Trigger sensitivity - voltage threshold(3) Trigger sensitivity - additional delay (3) feeder model type (3) Wattmetric methode (1)(2)(3) Activate (1)(2)(3) Voltage threshold (primary) (3) Delay time earthfault start (3) Interruption time (3) Delay time earthfault stop (3) Use tripping characteristic (3) Tripping characteristic A (3) Angle precision of current transf. (3) Threshold wattmetric current Iwatt (3) Tripping characteristic B (3) Damping current Id1 (Id2, Id3) (3) Threshold factor F1 (F2, F3) (3) Comparative method activ (3) Directional ground fault protection Tripping sector 67N.1 (1, 2, 3) Tripping sector 67N.2 (1, 2, 3) Tripping sector 67N.3 (1, 2, 3) Transient earthfault methode (1)(2)(3) Activate (1)(2)(3) Voltage threshold (primary) (3) Weighting for transient fault (3) Threshold for transient fault (3)
Current peak difference (3) Delay time earthfault start (3) Delay time earthfault stop (3) Automatic reclosing function (1, 2, 3) Activated (1, 2, 3) Turn off delay time 1 (1, 2, 3) Turn on delay time 1 (1, 2, 3) Turn on delay time 2 (1, 2, 3) Pulse time for output functions (1, 2, 3) Reset ARU (1, 2, 3) Discrimination time (1, 2, 3) Observation time external switching (1, 2, 3) Current injection, ECI (1, 2, 3) Definition of operating cycle (2, 3) Maximum retries of ECI cycles (1, 3) Time definitions (1, 3) Measurement time (1, 3) Response time (1, 3) Settling time (1, 3) Wait for voltage variations (3) Minimum voltage change (3) Minimal current change (3) Maximum voltage variation (3) Use current injection device up to (3) Inverse mode (3) Activate (3) Start threshold (3) Multiple busbar operating mode, use (1, 3) Pass control (3) Coupling detection via neutral to ground voltages (1, 2, 3) Activate (1, 2, 3) Tolerance voltage difference (3) Minimum tolerance voltage difference (3) Tolerance voltage difference (3) New check of coupling state (3) Delay time for coupling detection (3) In/outputs (1, 2, 3) Programming PLC (2, 3) Text definitions (1, 2, 3) Text definitions, analo outputs (1, 2, 3) Text definitions, flags (1, 2, 3) Text definitions, SCADA variables (1, 2, 3) Analog output characteristics (1, 2, 3) Output characteristic 1, 2 (1, 2, 3) Characteristic (1, 2, 3) Minimum value (1, 2, 3) Break value (1, 2, 3) Maximum value (1, 2, 3) Check in/outputs (1, 2, 3) Check analog inputs (1, 2, 3) Check analog outputs (1, 2, 3) Digital inputs (1, 2, 3) Check digital inputs (1, 2, 3) Check input functions (1, 2, 3) Digital outputs (1, 2, 3) Check digital outputs (1, 2, 3) Check output functions (1, 2, 3) Check flags (1, 2, 3) Check LT (1, 2, 3)
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System configuration (1, 2, 3) Data & time (1)(2)(3) Language (2) Data recorder (1, 2, 3) Recording intervall (1, 2, 3) Screensaver (1, 2, 3) Password assignment (3) Use password (3) Operation level (3) Commissioning level (3) Expert level (3) LAN settings (1, 2, 3) IP address EFD20 (1, 2, 3) Subnetmask (1, 2, 3) Standard-gateway (1, 2, 3) Multicast (1, 2, 3) SNTP settings (1, 2, 3) CAN - setup (1, 3) CAN - setup EFX.1 (1, 3) Activated (3) Text definition, device name (1, 3) Edit EFX card access (2) Communication parameter (1, 2, 3) Terminal port (1, 2, 3) Terminal address (1, 2, 3) Baud rate (1, 2, 3) SCADA (3) Activated (3) Device address (3) Interface parameter (3) SCADA to port (3) Baud rate (3) Data bit (3) Parity (3) Stop bits (3) Motor pulse time (3) SPABus - interface Event configuration SPABus (3) Motor pulse time (3) Display the analog values (3) Automatic Strobe of the SCADA (3) IEC101 - protocol Event configuration (3) Type ID, single point information (3) Configuration (3) Command configuration (3) Measurands configuration (3) Type ID, measured value (3) Configuration (3) Counter configuration (3) Type ID, counter (3) Configuration (3) Manual search configuration (3) Measurands configuration (3) Command configuration (3) IEC103 -, IEC101&103 - protocol Event configuration (3) Command configuration (3) Protocol fine tuning (3)
IEC mval 120%= (3) Measurands send via (3) Measurands I (3) Value Ipos (3) ID message (3) Distance location (3) IEC101 settings (3) Device address (3) Interface parameter (3) IEC101 Scada to port (3) Baud rate (3) Data bit (3) Parity (3) Stop bits (3) Maximum response time (3) Delay time (3) Polling time for switch replica (3)
7.1 Enable options

The following options can be enabled by input of the correct option password (see attachment to manual or backside of device). The relevant option parameters will only be displayed in the menu options after the option has been released. - Controller - Detection system - Resistor control Home position Rp The home position is the state of the resistor (ON/OFF) in the sound network. - Fix coil control - External power switch - Control at earthfault - Automatic reclosing unit - Scada Scada protocol The following Sacda protocols can be selected: SPABus IEC 101 IEC 103 IEC 101&103
7.2 Basic preselections

Text definition, device name (station) Strings can be typed in for the device name (station).
7.2.1 Analog Inputs

Reference angle V12 [] The reference angle is assigned to the reference voltage V12. All measured signals are rotated correspondingly. If the reference voltage V12 is really measured between phase 1 and phase 2, the reference angle should be adjusted to 30. Number of monitored feeders The amount of the monitored feeders is typed in.
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Edit analog channels The transformer ratios (primary, secondary) of the voltages and the currents are typed in and the clamps of the analog inputs are assigned to the channels. The ratios are also considered for external analogue inputs (refer to chapter 7.8.1). Controller works with The following selections are available: - ASC1/BB1/ECI1: the network parameters will be calculated with Vo1 and Ieci1 - ASC2/BB2/ECI2: the network parameters will be calculated with Vo2 and Ieci2 - ASC3/BB3/ECI3: the network parameters will be calculated with Vo3 and Ieci3
Software limit switch Imin, Imax Input of limit switch Imin, Imax (software endswitches), if the controller shouldn`t operate with the whole tuning range of ASC. If the software endswitches are outside the real coil range, they are out of function. 7.2.2.2 Step coil Step coil interface According to the feedback of coil adjustment the following interface types are available: - serial type 1: The controller gets the feedback of an adjustment via input function MIF_STC_READY. - serial type 2: The controller recognizes the coil adjustment only via the change of the potentiometer position (or via mAtransmitter). Coil calibration Refer to chapter 4 Coil characteristics Refer to chapter 4 Time definitions The adjustment of the step coil is performed by means of pulses. The pulse time and the interpulse period (delay time) will be defined. Minimum changes of the position sensor An adjustment of the step coil is only recognized, if the change of the actual potentiometer position is bigger than the adjusted minimum changes.
7.2.2 Menu coil

Coil typ The type of the ASC is selected (plunger core or step coil). Imin, Imax Input of Imin (minimum current) and Imax (maximum current) as given on the coils rating plate.
Hint
If your ASC is designed for a higher voltage level than actually used, the values have to be recalculated in order to get a correct A - display of the coil position. Example: A coil is designed for 20 kV system voltage with a nominal tuning range from 15 to 150 A. The tuning range from 7.5 to 75 A has to be programmed, if the coil is used in a 10 kV system. Timeout coil Maximum allowed time (without malfunction message Coil motion error) from movement command to the motor drive unit until change of coil position. 7.2.2.1 Plunger core coil Coil calibration Refer to chapter 4 Coil characteristics Refer to chapter 4 Motor run time limit A counter adds all movement times and subtracts all times without coil movement. When exceeding the set threshold a device malfunction is signalled.
7.2.3 Current injection devices

ECI1 installed Declaration of available current injection. If ASC1/ BB1/ECI1 is adjusted and the item is set to No, the network will be tuned by redundancy controlling. ECI2 (ECI3) installed Declaration of available current injection devices in case of multiple busbar configuration. If the controller is configured as Slave, operates with ASC2/BB2/ ECI2 (ASC3/BB3/ECI3) and the item is set to No, the network will be tuned by redundancy controlling.
7.2.4 Detuning capacitor, EDC

EDC1 (2, 3) installed Selection of the available detuning capacitors EDC1
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(2, 3) for the determination of the fault location. EDC1 (2, 3) capacity The capacity of the detuning capacitor is typed in. Reset counters All counters (except working hours) will be reset.
7.3 Controller configuration

Activated The controller function is activated by setting YES. Compensation [%,A] Setting of a defined difference between tuning point and resonance point. The input of - determines under-compensation, without sign over-compensation is set.
Follow-up Vo [min] Owing to weather influence fluctuations of the neutral to ground voltage may occur at overhead lines without any change of the switching condition of the network. The actual neutral to ground voltage (according to the set time interval) is used as new reference for the calculation of the vectorial trigger threshold (if actually, the controller is not in trigger state or does not perform a tuning procedure). Input of 0 deactivates the follow up of the neutral to ground voltage. The minimum value is 5 min. Periodical check of the tuning state [min] Input of the intervall for periodical checking of the tuning state of the network. Voltage at earthfault [%] The controller treats neutral to ground voltages higher than the set threshold as (transient) earthfault and immediately blocks the coil movement during the tuning process. Transient earthfault time [0.1s] Within the set time the controller treats an earthfault as transient earthfault and immediately blocks the coil movement during the tuning process. 7.3.2.1 Multiple busbar operating mode Controller operating mode Selection if the controller is operating as Master or as Slave. Behaviour Slave controller In case of coupled busbars the Slave either will be blocked by the master or will be forced to adjust the ASC to predefined position. Coil position [%] Input of the predefined position. 7.3.2.2 Fine tuning controller
7.3.1 Fixed coil

Fix coil [A] Rated current of the fixed-value coil Activate fixed coil The rated current of the fixed-value coil is considered, if the input function MIF_FIX_ON is assigned to a digital input or permanently set per software (SPSfile). This consideration only makes a difference when the compensation is set in %.
7.3.2 Control behaviour

Vo-trigger level [%] The controller recognises a change in the network configuration by a voltage variation that exceeds the vectorial trigger threshold and lasts at least longer than the trigger delay. After a tuning procedure the actual neutral to ground voltage is used as base for calculation of the trigger threshold. Trigger delay time [s] Programming of the trigger delay. The search operation is not started if the neutral to ground voltage returns inside the vectorial trigger thresholds within the trigger delay. Time constant input filter Vo [s] A filter for suppression of eventually present needle pulses, which prevent a new trigger operation. The selectable time constants are 0, 5, 10 and 15s. The selection of 0 deactivates the filter. The filter has no influence either to the vectorial trigger threshold or to the limit of Vearth.
Coil middle position [%] If the neutral-to-ground voltage does not exceed the threshold Vo = 0.1% within the entire tuning range of the coil, the controller adjusts the coil to the coil middle position. Tolerated mismatch [%] The adjusted value will be used as an admissible detuning of the calculated set position. Maximum tries of tuning operations If the maximum tries of tuning operations is exceeded, the controller changes to redundancy controlling (only in case of plunger core) at first. If the limit is exceeded again, the controller generates the global error signal (OF8_error).
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7.3.3 Options
7.3.3.1 Fix coil control activated Activation or deactivation of the option Fix coil [A] Nominal current of fix coil Activate fix coil The fix coil current will be considered. Switching off point [%] The fixcoil will be disconnected if the calculated tuning point remains below the set position. Switching on point [%] The fixcoil will be connected if the calculated tuning point exceeds the set position. 7.3.3.2 Resistor control activated Activation or deactivation of the option Automatic activated Activation or deactivation of the automatic resistor control Permissible duty [s] Permissible duty of the resistor at nominal load Cooling time [min] Time constant of the resistor cooling Delay times for home position OFF Turn on time 1 [0.1s] Turn on time of the first resistor connection. Turn on delay time 1 [0.1s] Turn on delay of the first resistor connection. Turn on time 2 [0.1s] Turn on time of the second resistor connection. Turn on delay time 2 [0.1s] Turn on delay of the second resistor connection. Delay times for home position ON Turn off time 1 [0.1s] Turn off time of the first resistor disconnection. Turn off delay time 1 [0.1s] Turn off delay of the first resistor disconnection. Turn off delay time 2 [0.1s] Turn off delay of the second resistor disconnection.
7.3.3.3 External power switch activated Activation or deactivation of the option coil position [A] The controller adjusts the disconnected coil to the predefined position (adjustable from 1 up to 100%). 7.3.3.4 Control at earthfault To resonance point The option is activated, if the parameter is set to YES. Trigger delay [s] The coil will be set to the previousely determined resonance point, when the neutral to ground voltage Vo is higher than Vearth during the adjusted period.
7.4 Configuration of detection system

Activated If the detection system will be deactivated , the device would only work as an earthfault controller.
7.4.1 Identifying groups

In a two busbar system an assignment (grouping) of the separate feeders to the measured neutral to ground voltages must be performed for correct evaluation of the measured values. Moreover it must be known, which feeder is active (circuit breaker closed), otherwise earth currents flowing in disconnected and earthed feeders can lead to wrong indications. Edit breaker position replication A clear attachment of a feeder to an ASC, resp. to a group is possible, if the feedbacks from the circuit breakers and the disconnectors of the monitored feeders are available. By means of defined nodes (e.g. Vo1, Vo2, ASC1, ASC2, Io1..Io32) all feeders, which are closed in, are assigned to the measured neutral to ground voltages. Groupidentification During healthy network conditions the assignment of the feeders to the neutral to ground voltages can be performed by means of current injection (via evaluation of nodes & with ECI). Due to current injection changes in the neutral to ground voltage and in the zero sequence currents of the feeders are observed. If the voltage and current changes show either capacitance or inductive (in case of coupling with overcompensated network) characteristic, all concerned feeders must be closed in to the same busbar and the assignment of the neutral to ground voltage to the
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group of the supervised feeders is determined. The standard setting is the groupidentification via the evaluation of nodes (switch replication). Minimum feeder length, Icmin A feeder will be supervised, if the feeder is switched on and the calculated capacitive current of the feeder exceeds the adjusted minimum feeder length. Tolerated angle for identifying groups In case of short lines (low line capacitance) only a small change in the zero sequence current can be achieved. If the amplitude of a possible noise is in the measuring circuit, the phase between the voltage and current change couldn`t be clearly verified without any tolerated angle and the short feeder wouldn`t be monitored. Use fix ring configurations If desired, a fix ring configuration can be used for two or several feeders, if the feeders are always closed in parallel. Edit ring configurations Two or several feeders can be configured as arranged loop (maximum 5 arranged loops), if the feeders are always closed in parallel.
Start delay of alarm The trigger level must be longer exceeded than the adjusted delay. Start delay of trip The trigger level must be longer exceeded than the adjusted delay. Feeder selective delay If the global determinated fault admittance YF exceeds the earthfault threshold, the delay of trip (valid for all feeders) will start. In order to achieve a shorter delay of trip, the selective delay for the concerning feeder has to be set bigger than zero and smaller than the start delay of trip. Stop delay of trip The trigger level must not be exceeded during the adjusted delay. Trigger level alarm The alarm threshold (high resistant earthfault) is adjusted for the change (ZF) of the global asymmetry Zu. Trigger level earthfault The earthfault threshold is adjusted for the change (ZF) of the global asymmetry Zu. Trigger level global asymmetry The trigger level of the global asymmetry Zu is adjusted. Threshold alarm The individual alarm threshold per feeder is adjusted. Threshold trip The individual trip threshold per feeder is adjusted. 7.4.2.2 Trigger levels for recalculation Alternatively the trigger levels for recalculation are adjusted as admittance or as impedance. Delay of recalculation per feeder A new recalculation will start, if the trigger level is longer exceeded than the adjusted delay. Trigger level recalculation feeder parameters The individual trigger level for recalculation of feeder parameters is adjusted per feeder Trigger sensitivity, voltage threshold During the coil movement the alarm level could be exceeded and the tuning procedure would be interrupted. The detection systems only starts the calculation, if the neutral to ground voltage exceeds the adjusted threshold. The voltage threshold should be set bigger than the neutral to ground voltage at the
7.4.2 Admittance methode

Activate The admittance methode is used by setting of YES. Use admittance methode up to The admittance methode is used up to the adjusted voltage level. If desired, the selective earthfault messages can be released by means of the wattmetric methode at neutral to ground voltages above the adjusted voltage level. It is recommended to use the admittance methode over the entire voltage range, it means, the voltage level should be set bigger than 100% of the neutral to ground voltage. Periodical recalculation The feeder admittances will be periodically updated (resp. new calculated) per the adjusted period. Big changes of the admittances will be recognised by an automatic trigger process, therefore the setting of less than 30min is not recommended. 7.4.2.1 Trigger levels for earthfault Alternatively the trigger levels for alarm (resp. high resistant earthfault), earthfault and for the global asymmetry Zu can be adjusted as admittance or as impedance.
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tuning point resp. bigger than the achieved voltage level by means of current injection. Trigger sensitivity, additional delay time [s] External faults or events outside the supervised feeders can be recognized by comparison of the sum of all feeder fault admittance values YF_n and the global fault admittance YF. The priority of recalculation can be controlled with the additional delay time. For example, if the coil is moving, the change of neutral to ground voltage could lead to a recalculation of global network parameters by the detection system. feeder model type The feeder model can be adapted within certain limits to the expected measurement errors of the current transformers. The reference parameter of the feeder model are calculated in the healthy state. In symmetric networks low zero sequence voltages Vo and low zero sequence currents Io arise (also for long feeders with high capacitive currents). In case of an earth fault the expected set zero sequence current IoSet can be calculated by means of the measured zero sequence voltage Vo and the pre calculated parameters of the feeder model. Each deviation of the measured Io to the expected set current IoSet are interpreted as fault current. Problems arise in case of different measurement errors (in particular angle errors) at the time of calculating the feeder model parameters and the earth faulted situation cause by the different working points of the current transformers. Holmgreen connection (electrical addition with three separate current transformers): The working point of the single current transformers is mainly caused by the load current. In case of an earth fault and a presupposed minimal load current the working point of the individual current transformers changes only insignificantly, hence the measuring errors are to be expected equal. Toroidal core current transformer: For small zero sequence currents a relative large angle error can occur (working point partly below 1%*Inominal) in the case of an earth fault however a larger zero sequence current will be measured, the angle error becomes smaller with changing the operating point toward to the nominal current of the transformer. The measurement errors of toroidal core current transformers with low accuracy class (class 3 and higher) can change significantly. We recommend to use feeder model 0 in case of: - Holmgreen connection - if external (decentralised) Petersen coils are used or for feeders with a high asymmetry in combination with
either Holmgreen connection or toroidal core current transformer with a high accuracy class (class 1 or lower) We recommend to use feeder model 1 in case of: Toroidal core current transformers with low accuracy class class 3 or higher). The angle of the feeder reference parameter IcREF is fixed to 90. If you use this model for feeders with external (decentralised) Petersen coils only a part of the fault current can be calculated. The same is valid for feeders with a high asymmetry.
7.4.3 Wattmetric methode

Activate The wattmetric methode can be used by setting to YES. Voltage threshold (primary) [V] An earthfault will be signalized by evaluation of the wattmetric currents, if the detection system is switched on during earthfault condition in the network or if the neutral to ground voltage is bigger than the adjusted parameter use admittance methode up to. Delay time earthfault start [0.1s] If the earthfault lasts longer than the adjusted delay, the fault affected feeder will be signalized. Interruption time [ms] If the neutral to ground voltage and the zero sequence currents fulfill the criteria for signalization of an earthfault according to the Wattmetric method and aren`t longer interrupted, the earthfault will be signalized. Delay time earthfault end [0.1s] The earthfault signal is reset, when the adjusted delay expires after the end of the earthfault. Use tripping characteristic Type A: The tripping section is defined by means of the angle precision of current tranformers and the threshold of wattmetric current (trapezoidal characteristic). Type B: The wattmetric current threshold is adapted by means of the actual measured neutral to ground voltage (adaptive characteristic). 7.4.3.1 Tripping characteristic type A Angle precision of current tranformers [] Input of the angle precision of the current transformers (defines the sector of fault recognition). Threshold wattmetric current Iwatt [A] Input of the threshold of the wattmetric current per supervised feeder.
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7.4.3.2 Tripping characteristic type B Damping current Id1 (Id2, Id3) [A] The damping current Id1 (Id2, Id3) corresponds to the active component of the fault current in case of a very low fault resistance and approximately 100% neutral to ground voltage at busbar 1 (2, 3). Threshold factor F1 (F2, F3) [%] By means of factor F1 (F2, F3), the damping current Id1 and the measured neutral to ground voltage Vo1 the wattmetric current threshold of busbar 1 (2, 3) is determinated by the following calculation: Threshold [A] = Id1 [A] x F1 [%] x Vo1 [%] Comparative method active By setting YES the comparative method is activated. If the wattmetric currents of feeders at the same network area (busbar) exceed the threshold, the earthfault is recognized on the feeder with the highest wattmetric current.
comparison of the simultanously recognized current peaks without the knowledge of voltage transients. In case of loop configurations it is recommended to adjust the current peak difference bigger or equal the amount of monitored feeders in order to disable the detection only per current peaks and to avoid incorrect recognition of restriking earthfaults. Delay time earthfault start [ms] The fault affected feeder will be signalized according to the adjusted delay (programmable per feeder). Delay time earthfault end [0.1s] The earthfault signal is reset, after the earthfault has gone for longer time than the adjusted end delay.
7.4.5 Directional ground fault protection

The maximum of three free definable sectors are avail-able for detection of a faulty feeder. The parameters and the factory settings are descriped in chapter 5.4.4.
7.4.4 Transient earthfault methode

Activate The transient earthfault methode is used by setting to YES. Voltage threshold (primary) [V] If the adjusted primary voltage threshold is exceeded, an earthfault will be signalized by means of the transient earthfault method. Weighting for transient fault During a restriking earthfault higher frequent transients in the neutral to ground voltage and in the zero sequence currents can be observed at the ignition of the lightning arc. The phase shift between the transients are evaluated in order to determine the fault affected feeder. Each recognised transient in zero sequence current leads to an increase of the counter (by the adjusted weighting), assigned to the faulty feeder. In case of any transient in the zero sequence current the counter of the concerning feeder is decreased by step 1. Threshold for transient fault If the counter of a feeder exceeds the adjusted (positive) threshold longer as the earthfault start delay, the feeder will be signalized as fault affected feeder. Current peak difference The recognition of restriking earthfault is based on the transient signal analysis. Steep rises in the voltage and peaks in the currents are evaluated. On the fault affected feeder with restriking characteristics the peaks of currents and the voltage show the same polarity resp. the polarity of recognized current peak is in the opposite to these of the healthy feeders. The faulty feeder can also be detected by means of
7.4.6 Automatic reclosing function

Activated An earthfault affected feeder can be disconnected and reclosed by setting of YES. Turn off delay time 1 The delay starts at the recognition of an earthfault and lasts until the switch off command is sent to the circuit breaker. Turn on delay time 1 (2) The delay 1 (2) starts at the switch off command and lasts until the switch on command (reclosing function). Pulse time for output function The pulse time of the switch off command is adjusted. Reset ARU [s] If a feeder is successfully reclosed to the busbar (heal-thy network conditions after reclosing), the ARU - state of the concerning feeder is reset to Start, after the ad-justed delay reset ARU has been expired. In case of the next earthfault event at this feeder all programmed reclosing operations are available again. Discrimination time [ms] After manual (resp. external) closing in a faulty feeder the switch off command is set, but the reclosing (resp. switch on command) to the concerning circuit breaker is automatically blocked. If an earthfault appears after closing in a healthy feeder and the adjusted discrimination time is expired, the Automatic Reclosing Unit operates according to the settings of the concerning feeder.
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Observation time external switching of CB By means of switch on (resp. off) command from ARU the observation time starts. If the actual circuite state of the concerning breaker changes (known from switch replication) and the adjusted observation time is ex-pired, an external switching operation is recognized.
mum delta Ieci (based on middle voltage level) for a valid impedance calculation. Maximum voltage variation during injection [%] If the difference of the neutral to ground voltage (e.g. caused by switching operation in the network during current injection) before and after the use of current injection exceeds the maximum delta Vo, a new calculation via current injection will be started. Maximum voltage variation during injection [V] If the difference of the neutral to ground voltage (e.g. caused by switching operation in the network during current injection) before and after the use of current injection exceeds the maximum delta Vo, the controller starts a new calculation via current injection. Use current injection device up to [%] Voltage threshold for the use of the ECI device. For the calculation of system impedances a variation of the neutral to ground voltage is necessary. If the neutral to ground voltage is too high, an insufficient variation of Vo would be caused by current injection.
7.5 Current injection, ECI

Definition of cycle operation The standard operation of the ECI Model 3 is the bipolar cycle. If the ECI Model 3 isn`t available, this parameter should be set to unipolar. Maximum retries of ECI cycles In case of invalid measured values within the maximum retries, the calculation of the system impedance via current injection will be interrupted and the controller changes automatically to tuning of ASC (only in case of plunger core coil) by means of redundancy controlling.
7.5.1 Time definitions

Measurement time [s] The controller evaluates average values of all measured signals within the adjusted measurement time. Response time [s] The circuit state of the current injection device will be checked after a switch on/off command. If the expected circuit state isn`t signalized within the response time, the controller changes automatically to redundancy controlling (in case of plunger core coil). Settling time [s] After switching on (off) of the current injection the transients could lead to invalid measured values. Therefore the measurement will be delayed by the settling time. Wait for end of voltage variations Disturbances in the neutral to ground voltage could lead to invalid measured values by means of current injection (reliability conditions are not fulfilled). If the voltage variations is set to YES, the use of current injection will be delayed after each invalid measured values. Minimum voltage change V [V] The voltage variation before and during the current injection must exceed the minimum delta Vo (based on middle voltage level) for valid measured values. Minimum current change Ieci [A] The difference of the injected current before and during active current injection must exceed the mini-
7.5.2 Inverse mode

Activate In symmetric networks an increase of the very small neutral to ground voltage is possible by means of the current injection. If the inverse mode is activated (YES), the current injection is permanently switched on and therefore a reliable criterion is available for necessary tuning operations. Start threshold [V] The controller starts the inverse mode of the current injection, if the network is tuned, the neutral to ground voltage is below the adjusted start threshold (ECI is switched off) and the injected current causes an increase of the neutral to ground voltage. The controller changes back to the normal operation mode, if the network is tuned and the neutral to ground voltage exceeds the start threshold without the active current injection. Multiple busbar operating mode, use The use of one (resp. the own) current injection device or the use of all current injection devices can be selected in case of coupling condition of the busbars. Pass control If the controller is configured as Slave and the inverse operating of the ECI device is activated, the pass control must be adjusted to YES. Otherwise the Master can`t switch off the ECI of the Slave in case of coupled busbars.
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7.5.3 Coupling detection via neutral to ground voltages

Activate If the coupling detection is activated, the recognition of busbar coupling condition will be performed via current injection and comparison of the neutral to ground voltages of both busbars. Tolerance voltage difference [%] The difference vector of the two voltages has to be within the set threshold if coupled. The parameter is related to the bigger one of the two voltages. Minimum tolerance voltage difference Vo1-Vo2 [V] If the amount of the difference vector (Vo1-Vo2) is lower than the adjusted threshold, a check of coupling condition will be performed. Tolerance delta voltage difference dVo1-dVo2 [%] Initially a reference vector is calculated in the coupled condition (difference vector Vo1 and Vo2). Afterwards it is continuously checked if the actual difference vector is approximately equal the stored one. Coupling is still recognised if the difference between the two vectors (dVo1, dVo2) is within the adjusted threshold. The parameter is related to the bigger one of the two voltages and of the reference value. If the threshold is exceeded a check of the coupling condition is started by means of the ECI. New check of coupling state at variation of Vo [%] If a separated condition is recognised, the reference values of the actual neutral to ground voltages are stored. A new recognition of a coupling condition must not start, if the neutral to ground voltages stay below the set variation (related to the individual neutral to ground voltage). Delay time for coupling detection [0,1s] A check of the coupling condition by means of the ECI is only performed, if the calculated trigger criteria (tolerance of Vo1, Vo2 and minimum tolerance of Vo1, Vo2) continuously exceeds during the adjusted delay.
7.6.2 Text definitions

Comments (e.g. feeder name, cubicle name, a.s.o.) can be typed in for flags, Scada variables and analog outputs.
7.6.3 Analog output characteristics

The characteristic of the analog outputs and the limits (minimum, break, maximum) are adjusted in percentage and the corresponding mA-limits.
7.6.4 Check in/outputs

The measured analog input values (ratio and phase correction aren`t considered), the state of digital inputs and input function are shown. The state of a flag or a digital output can be changed for test purpose.
7.7 System configuration

Date and time Setting of date (format yyyy-mm-dd) Setting of time (format hh:mm) Language Available languages are German and English.
7.7.1 Data recorder

Recording intervall Measured values, the actual state of in- / output functions and flags are recorded to ring buffer by means of the adjusted recording intervall. Additional data are recorded during a controller tuning procedure or if an earthfault appears in the network. The recording intervall can be adjusted from 1 to 1800 s by step 1. The whole buffer content is stored to an archiv file on the internal flash disk before the buffer will be overwritten or immediatly after the feeding voltage is failed. Screensaver The display will be switched dark after the adjusted switch off delay (5-60min). By pushing the scroll wheel the display will be lighted again.
7.6 In/outputs
7.6.1 Programming PLC
All assignments to in and outputs, definition of logic variables, etc. can be made within the PLC-file. Please refer to chapter 3 (operation) for general information and to chapter 7.8 for complete instructions.
7.7.2 CAN - setup

The CAN - adjustments are used for the communication with the Expansion box EFX20. CAN - setup EFX.1 Activated If an Expansion box is installed, the parameter must be set to YES.
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Text definition, device name A string can be typed in for the device name. Edit EFX card access The digital output cards of Expansion box EFX20 are selected resp. enabled (Yes) or disabled (NO). The EFD20 handles all digital in- / outputs of EFX20 with logical state 0 in case of communication interruption via CAN - interface.
7.7.5 LAN settings

Please ask your network administrator the correct adjustments (IP address, subnetmask, standardgateway, a.s.o.) for cummunication via EFD20 LANinterface. IP address multicast The connection between two EFD20 via LAN-interface can be used for exchanging arithmetical or logical data (e.g. digital input) with the PLC of the second device resp. with the adjusted IP address multicast. SNTP settings Please ask your network administrator the correct adjustments for time synchronization via SNTP (simple network time protocol).
7.7.3 Password assignment

Passwords in the range of 1 .. 32767 (step 1) can be typed in. In case of any incorresponding inputs the standard passwords of the service levels will be set. Use passwords The menu is password protected with setting YES. Operation level Change of the standard password 1 for Operation level. Commissioning level Change of the standard password 2 for Commissioning level. Expert level Change of the standard password 3 for expert level. Call up of several menu levels If desired, the parameters of more than one menu level are available by means of one and the same password assigned to concerning menu levels.
7.7.6 Scada system

Activated The communication with the Scada system is enabled by setting of YES. Device address The EFD20 and the Scada system only can communicate, if the adjusted device address in EFD20 corresponds to the used address by the Scada system. Device addresses in the range of 1 .. 255 are available, the standard setting is 10. 7.7.6.1 Interface parameter Scada to port The serial interface for communication with the Scada system is selected (recommended COM2 .. COM4). Baud rate Standard baud rates in the range of 1200 .. 19200 Bd are available. The standard setting is 9600 Bd. Data bit, parity, stop bits Please change the following standard settings only after the feedback with Trench Austria or the Scada system manufacturer.
protocol SPABus IEC data bit 7 8 parity EVEN EVEN stop bits 1 1
7.7.4 Communication parameter

Terminal port The serial interface (COM2, .., COM4) for the use of the terminal program EFD20Term is selected. If deactivated is selected, only the communication via direct connection at COM1 is available (please refer to chapter 4.6.3). Terminal address For communication of the controller with a PC (and EFD20Term) the set address has to correspond with the used address in the terminal program. By the use of different terminal addresses it is possible to communicate with multiple EFD20 via only one modem. The several devices are connected to the modem via an interface distribution box. Addresses in the range of 0 .. 15 (step 1) are selectable (standard setting is 10). Baudrate Standard transmission rates between 1.200 and 115200 baud are adjustable.
Motor pulse time The pulse time for coil movement via the Scada system is adjusted.
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7.7.6.2 Event configuration SPABus The events will be configured according to the used Scada protocol. The Scada protocol is adjusted in the menu enable options. Enable events The events signalizing to the Scada system must be enabled in the menu event configuration. The events can be configured by the following way: c ... coming g ... going c/g ... coming / going OFF ... disabled Channel and event The standard setting is channel 1 for all events (refer to chapter 9). If desired, that the event Motor up coming should be transmitted via channel 2, the setting 1E0 must be set to 2E0. Display the analog values in The analog values can be transmitted to the Scada system either as Real and Imaginary value (real-imag) or as amount and phase value (value-angle). Automatic strobe of the Scada By request of the measured values first the measurement information of all channels is frozen with the help of the automatic strobe pulse of the Scada system. Then the measured data are prepared to Floating point - format for transmission. 7.7.6.3 IEC101 - protocol balanced 7.7.6.3.1 Event configuration TypID single point information The following adjustments (TypID and single point information) for transmission of events are selectable: - M_SP_NA_1 ... single point information without time tag - M_SP_TA_1 ... single point information with time tag (CP24Time2a) - M_SP_TB_1 ... single point information with time tag (CP56Time2a) - M_DP_NA_1 ... double point information without time tag - M_DP_TA_1 ... double point information with time tag (CP24Time2a) - M_DP_TB_1 ... double point information with time tag (CP56Time2a) Configuration The events signalizing to the Scada system must be
enabled in the menu configuration. The events can be configured by the following way: c ... coming g ... going c/g ... coming / going OFF ... disabled Information number (INFO) The standard setting is descriped in chapter 9. If desired, the information number may be changed. 7.7.6.3.2 Command configuration The standard command configuration (INFO) is descriped in chapter 9. If desired, the information number may be changed. 7.7.6.3.3 Measurands configuration Type ID, measured value The following type identification and measured value are selectable: - M_ME_NC_1 ... measured value, FLOAT without time tag - M_ME_TC_1 ... measured value, FLOAT with time tag (CP24Time2a) - M_ME_TF_1 ... measured value, FLOAT with time tag (CP56Time2a) Configuration The transmission of measurands can be individually switched on / off. If desired, the following measurands configuration (factory setting) may be changed: measurand ... Info Ipos ... 1025 Vo ... 1026 Id ... 1027 Iv ... 1028
7.7.6.3.4 Counter configuration TypeID, counter The following adjustments are selectable for transmission of counters (statistics and amount of earthfault signals per feeder): - M_IT_NC_1 ... statistics without time tag - M_IT_TC_1 ... statistics with time tag (CP24Time2a) - M_IT_TF_1 ... statistics with time tag (CP56Time2a) Configuration The transmission for counters can be individually switched on / off. If desired, the counter configuration (refer to chapter 9 factory setting) may be changed.
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7.7.6.3.5 Manual search for earthfault Measurands configuration If desired, the standard settings descriped in chapter 9.2.3 may be changed. Command configuration If desired, the standard settings descriped in chapter 9.2.3 may be changed. 7.7.6.4 IEC103 -, IEC101&103 - protocol 7.7.6.4.1 Event configuration The events for IEC103 - resp. IEC101&103 - protocol are configured. The selection of the protocol is performed in the menu enable options / Scada. Release of event The events (e.g. outputfunctions, flags) are enabled / disabled for transmission at the event filter: c ... coming g ... going c/g ... coming / going OFF ... disabled Function type (Func), Information number (Info) The standard settings are described in chapter 9.2.3. The numbers may be changed if necessary. 7.7.6.4.2 Command configuration The standard settings are described in chapter 9.2.4. The numbers may be changed if necessary. 7.7.6.4.3 Protocol fine tuning IEC mval 120%= Scaling of measured values, which are transferred in the format CP16 and data unit (3). Following adjustments are available: 2048: value range 0-120% -> 0 to integer 2047 4096: value range 0-120% -> 0 to integer 4095 Measurands send via The data unit (ADSU3 or ADSU 9) of the transferred values is selected (refer to chapter 9). Measurands I FUNC The function type (standard = 1) of the transferred values may be changed if necessary. Measurands I INFO The information number (standard 20) of the transferred values may be changed if necessary.
Value Ipos Ipos: The actual coil position [%] is based on the maximum ASC current (Imax). Ipos+Ifix: The actual coil position [%] is based on the maximum ASC current (Imax). If the controller gets the information (e.g. via digital input), that the fix coil (current Ifix) is closed in, the actual coil position [%] is based on Imax+Ifix. ID message The function type (standard = 5) and the compatibility state (standard = 0) for the device identification can be adjusted. The recommended setting is standard, for AEG - Scada systems the adjustment of AEG ATLAS is also possible. The Identification is transferred with data unit (5) and contains following information: EFD TA V118 device type EFD software version V1-18
Distance location The feeders - arranged to a closed loop - are selected via channel 1 and 2 for the determination of the earthfault location. The standard setting for channel 1 is Func 130 and for channel 2 it is Func 131. By means of the Information number 1 ... 32 the concerning feeders 1 ... 32 are transmitted. The distance to the fault location will be evaluated, after the start - command (Func 132 and INFO 1) has been sent. By the use of Func 132 and INFO 2 the method for distance location will be reset. 7.7.6.4.4 IEC101 settings Device address The EFD20 and the Scada system can only communicate, if the adjusted device address in EFD20 corresponds to the used address by the Scada system. Device addresses in the range of 1 .. 255 are available, the standard setting is 19. Interface parameter IEC101 Scada to port The serial interface for communication with the IEC101- Scada is selected. Baud rate Standard baud rates in the range of 1200 .. 19200 Bd are available. The standard setting is 9600 Bd. Data bit, parity, stop bits Please refer to chapter 7.7.5.1 Maximum response time The maximum response time of periodical request can be typed in (standard setting is 5000).
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Delay time If the circuit states of breakers and disconnectors (switch replication) isn`t transmitted within the maximum response time, the EFD will log on to the Scada system after the adjusted dely (interpulse time). Polling of circuit state indication The indication of breakers and disconnectors (switch replication) are requested according to the adjusted polling period (standard setting is 500).
7.8.2 Operators
Boolean operators Operators for Boolean variables are: ! | & !| !& ^ !^ BTOI ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... NOT OR AND NOR NAND EXOR EXNOR CONVERTER (BOOLEAN --> INTEGER)
7.8 PLC programming

The PLC-file is processed synchronized, that means the program lines may be arranged in any way. The following PLC - elements are available: Internal variables (Flags, Variables, Constants) Operators PLC - functions (Timer, Counters, FLip Flops, aso.) In- and output functions
AOFUNC operators Operators of analog outputs are: AO01 ... AO02 ... analog output characteristic 1 analog output characteristic 2
Slope operators Operators for slope sensitive trigger are: +SLOPE -SLOPE SLOPE ... ... ... pos. slope neg. slope pos. oder neg. slope
7.8.1 Internal variables

Flags M[0] ... M[127] Flags are Boolean variables, the state of a flag can only be TRUE or FALSE. An assigned expression to one flag must be of type Boolean. Any name according to the meaning can be assigned to individual flag. The actual states off all flags are stored in the data buffer. Example: The circuit state of the circuit breaker feeder 1 is stored in flag (10). M[M010FEEDER01]=DI[D0105] Variables V[0] ... V[31] Values (e.g. voltage, current, etc.), which are assigned to variables, must be of numerical type. Numerical values can be variables, constants, values of some analog inputs (e.g. V01, V02, etc.) or calculated values like Ires (resonance point). The states of counters, timers and sample & hold functions also have numerical values. Example: The amount of the neutral to ground voltage Vo1 is assigned to variable 0. V[0]=AI[V01_V] Arithmetic Constants C[0] ... C[31] Constants are numerical values, which are defined as constant values. Example: The constant 0 is set to 1150. C[0]=1150
Comparing operators Operators for numerical variables. The result is of type Boolean. < <= > >= == != ... ... ... ... ... ... LESS LESS OR EQUAL GREATER GREATER OR EQUAL EQUAL NOT EQUAL
Arithmetic operators Operators for numerical values are: + * / % ... ... ... ... ... ADD SUBTRACT MULTIPLY DIVIDE MODULO
7.8.3 PLC - functions

The unit of time in the PLC - editor is [ms]. The maximum possible input of time corresponds to one day (resp. 86400 *10 - 1). 7.8.3.1 Delay DLY[0] ... DLY[63] The delays are defined in the following expression: DLY[0-63 ].SET (DelayStart,DelayStop, Boolean expression) The boolean expression is delayed by delay start and hold for delay stop.
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Example: An overvoltage (Vo > Vearth) shall be signalized 5s delayed on output D0301 for 2 seconds. Delay 0 is defined: DLY[000].SET(5000,2000,OF[EARTHFAULT]) Delay 0 is assigned to digital output D0301: DO[D0301]=DLY[000].READ() 7.8.3.2 Pulse function PLS[0] ... PLS[63] The pulses are defined in the following expression: PLS[0-63].SET(tPulse,Boolean expression) The rising edge of the boolean expression initiates a pulse with the interpulse time of tPulse. Example: The Motor up pulse should be generated to ASC for 3s on digital output D0207. Pulse 0 is defined: PLS[0].SET(3000,OF[MOT_UP]) Pulse 0 is assigned to digital output D0207: DO[D0207]=PLS[000].READ() The pulse function can be modified to get more than one cycle, start delays and interpulse times. 7.8.3.3 Sample & Hold SH[0] ... SH[63] The sample and hold function stores an arithmetic value at any time. Example: The actual coil position (Sample & Hold 5) shall be stored in variable (17), if an earthfault appears. The storing event (earthfault) is defined: SH[005].SET(AI[IPOS_A],OF[EARTHFAULT]) The coil position is assigned to variable 17: V[17]=SH[005].READ() 7.8.3.4 FLIP FLOP FF[0] ... FF[63] Instead of a numerical value a boolean expression is stored at any time. Example: The tuning condition of the network (tuned) should be stored on flag 7, if an earthfault appears. The storing event (earthfault) is defined: FF[000].SET(OF[TUNED],OF[EARTHFAULT]) The tuning condition is assigned to flag 7: M[M007]=FF[000].READ()
7.8.3.5 TIMER function TMR[0] ... TMR[63] The timers are defined in the following expression: TMR[0-63].SET(runningTime) The timer will stop after the adjusted running time. If the running time is set to 0, the timer will not stop. TMR[0-63].START(Boolic expression) The timer starts at the rising edge of the boolean expression. TMR[0-63].STOP(Boolic expression) The timer will stop at the rising edge of the boolean expression. TMR[0-63].READ() The run time of timer 47 (start - stop event) is assigned to an internal variable (e.g. V[20]). V[20]=TMR[047].READ() 7.8.3.6 Counter function CNT[0] ... CNT[63] The timers are defined in the following expression: CNT[0-63].SET(MIN,MAX,INIT) The timer starts at the INIT - value, counts up to the MAX - value and continues at the MIN - value. If only one parameter (INIT) will be adjusted, the MIN is set to 0 and MAX to 999999. INCREASE COUNTER CNT[0-63].INC(trigger) The counter [0-63] is increased by step 1 at the rising edge of the trigger (event). CNT[0-63].MODIFY(changes,boolean expression) At the rising edge of the boolean expression an arithmetic value will be added to the actual counter state. DECREASE CNT[0-63].DEC(trigger) The counter [0-63] is decreased by step 1 at the rising edge of the trigger (event). RESET CNT[0-63].RESET(trigger) The counter [0-63] will be reset to the INIT - value at rising edge of trigger (event). READ COUNTER CNT[0-63].READ() The actual state (numerical value) of counter [0-63] is delivered and assigned to an internal variable. Example: The internal variable V[49] shall contain the amount of controller errors. Counter 49 is initiated to 0: CNT[009].SET(0) Counter 49 is increased, if controller error: CNT[049].INC(OF[ERROR]) Read counter 49 and assign to variable V(49) V[049]=CNT[049].READ()
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7.8.4 Available input functions

Nr 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 44 45 46 47 input funktion IF[MIF_END_I_MAX] IF[MIF_END_I_MIN] IF[CIF_CONTRBLOCK] IF[CIF_CONTR_ON] IF[CIF_CONTR_OFF] IF[CIF_MOT_UP] IF[CIF_MOT_DOW N] IF[MIF_FIX_IS_ON] IF[CIF_SWITCH] IF[CIF_RP_TRIGG] IF[CIF_RP_BLOCK] IF[MIF_RP_IS_ON] IF[MIF_STC_READY] IF[MIF_ASC_ERROR] IF[MIF_BUCH_WARN] IF[MIF_BUCH_TRIP] IF[MIF_TEMP_WARN] IF[MIF_TEMP_TRIP] IF[CIF_CONTR_TRIGG] IF[MIF_SPS_BOOT] IF[MIF_MESSAGE_1] IF[MIF_SLAVE] IF[MIF_ASC_1_IS_ON] IF[MIF_ASC_2_IS_ON] IF[MIF_ASC_3_IS_ON] IF[MIF_COUPLED_BB1_BB2] IF[MIF_COUPLED_BB1_BB3] IF[MIF_COUPLED_BB2_BB3] IF[MIF_ECI_REQUEST] IF[MIF_ECI_USED] IF[MIF_ECI_POS_1] IF[MIF_ECI_POS_2] IF[MIF_ECI_POS_3] IF[MIF_ECI_NEG_1] IF[MIF_ECI_NEG_2] IF[MIF_ECI_NEG_3] IF[MIF_EDC_REQUEST] IF[MIF_EDC_USED] IF[MIF_EDC_1] IF[MIF_EDC_2] IF[MIF_EDC_3] IF[CIF_DET_ON] IF[CIF_DET_OFF] IF[CIF_DET_TRIGG] IF[CIF_TRIGG_FB1] note upper end switch lower end switch command block controller command switch on controller command switch off controller external command motor up external command motor down fix coil is closed in external power switch resistor control: manual trigger resistor control: external block resistor resistor control: feedback resistor is on step coil: feedback coil adjustment error signal ASC: if activated, the controller signalizes an error Buchholz warning Buchholz trip temperature warning temperature trip forced trigger of controller input function is activated during startup of PLC (in case of switch on the EFD or after storing of parameters) message 1 controller is Slave (in case of multiple busbar configuration) ASC1 is closed in ASC2 is closed in ASC3 is closed in busbar 1 and busbar 2 are coupled busbar 1 and busbar 3 are coupled busbar 2 and busbar 3 are coupled external request of current injection device (e.g. of Slave) external use of current injection device (e.g. of Slave) feedback: current injection 1 is switched on (pos. polarity) feedback: current injection 2 is switched on (pos. polarity) feedback: current injection 3 is switched on (pos. polarity) feedback: current injection 1 is switched on (neg. polarity) feedback: current injection 2 is switched on (neg. polarity) feedback: current injection 3 is switched on (neg. polarity) external request of detuning capacitor EDC external use of detuning capacitor EDC feedback: detuning capacitor EDC1 is switched on feedback: detuning capacitor EDC2 is switched on feedback: detuning capacitor EDC3 is switched on command switch on detection system command switch off detection system forced trigger detection system data recorder: forced record 1 (trigger of forced record 1 is programmed and assigned to input function in PLC-file) data recorder: forced record 2 (similar to FB1) data recorder: forced record 3 (similar to FB1) data recorder: forced record 4 (similar to FB1) data recorder: forced record 5 (similar to FB1)
48 49 50 51
IF[CIF_TRIGG_FB2] IF[CIF_TRIGG_FB3] IF[CIF_TRIGG_FB4] IF[CIF_TRIGG_FB5]
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52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 79 80 81 ... 111
IF[USE_RING_1] IF[USE_RING_2] IF[USE_RING_3] IF[USE_RING_4] IF[USE_RING_5] IF[CIF_BLOCK_INTER_BB1] IF[CIF_BLOCK_INTER_BB2] IF[CIF_BLOCK_INTER_BB3] IF[ARU_QUIT] IF[ARU_BLOCK_PS_1] IF[ARU_BLOCK_PS_2] ... IF[ARU_BLOCK_PS_32]
command: use ring configuration 1 command: use ring configuration 2 command: use ring configuration 3 command: use ring configuration 4 command: use ring configuration 5 command: block Transient earthfault method busbar 1 command: block Transient earthfault method busbar 2 command: block Transient earthfault method busbar 3 Automatic reclosing unit: command block all tripping signals Automatic reclosing unit: command block reclosing power switch 1 Automatic reclosing unit: command block reclosing power switch 2 ... Automatic reclosing unit: command block reclosing power switch 32
7.8.5 Output functions

Nr 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 19 20 21 22 25 27 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 output function OF[MOT_UP] OF[MOT_DOWN] OF[EARTHFAULT] OF[V_MAX] OF[ERROR] OF[CONTR_IS_ON] OF[CONTR_BLOCK] OF[LOCAL] OF[END_I_MAX] OF[END_I_MIN] OF[HW_ALARM] OF[PARA_ALARM] OF[V12_TOO_LOW] OF[TUNED_NC] OF[TUNED] OF[V_MIN] OF[RP_ON] OF[XBOX_1_OK] OF[XBOX_2_OK] OF[RP_BLOCK] OF[IEC101_TIMEOUT] OF[FIX_ON] OF[ECI_USED4CD] OF[BUCH_WARN] OF[BUCH_TRIP] OF[TEMP_WARN] OF[TEMP_TRIP] OF[IS_MASTER] OF[IS_SLAVE] OF[COUPLED_BB1_BB2] OF[COUPLED_BB1_BB3] OF[COUPLED_BB2_BB3] OF[ECI_REQUEST] OF[ECI_USED] OF[ECI_POS_1] OF[ECI_POS_2] OF[ECI_POS_3] note command motor up command motor down earthfault (Vo > Vearth) Vmax (Vo > Vmax) controller error signal controller is switched on controller is blocked local mode (commands from remote control system are blocked) upper end switch lower end switch hardware alert parameter alert reference voltage too low (V12 < 10% of nominal voltage) network tuned, not compensated network tuned Vmin (Vo < Vmin) resistor control: command switch on resistor communication with expansion box 1 is Ok communication with expansion box 2 is Ok resistor control: resistor is blocked maximum response time IEC101 (switch replication) exceeded fix coil is closed in current injection is used for coupling detection via neutral to ground voltages Buchholz warning (transit message: IF[MIF_BUCH_WARN]) Buchholz trip (transit message: IF[MIF_BUCH_TRIP]) temperature warning (transit message: IF[MIF_TEMP_WARN]) temperature trip (transit message: IF[MIF_TEMP_TRIP]) controller is Master (in case of multiple busbar configuration) controller is Slave (in case of multiple busbar configuration) busbar 1 and busbar 2 are coupled busbar 1 and busbar 3 are coupled busbar 2 and busbar 3 are coupled internal request of current injection device internal use of current injection device command switch on current injection 1 (pos. polarity) command switch on current injection 2 (pos. polarity) command switch on current injection 3 (pos. polarity)
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44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 High 67 ... 98 99 100 101
OF[ECI_NEG_1] OF[ECI_NEG_2] OF[ECI_NEG_3] OF[ECI_ERROR_1] OF[ECI_ERROR_2] OF[ECI_ERROR_3] OF[ECI_ERROR] OF[CONTR_RED] OF[ECI_USED4CONTR] OF[ECI_USED4DET] OF[EDC_REQUEST] OF[EDC_USED] OF[EDC_1] OF[EDC_2] OF[EDC_3] OF[EDC_ERROR_1] OF[EDC_ERROR_2] OF[EDC_ERROR_3] OF[EDC_ERROR] OF[DET_IS_ON] OF[DET_ALARM_1] OF[DET_ALARM_2] OF[DET_ALARM_3]
command switch on current injection 1 (neg. polarity) command switch on current injection 2 (neg. polarity) command switch on current injection 3 (neg. polarity) current injection 1 error signal current injection 2 error signal current injection 3 error signal current injection global error signal controller operates in redundancy mode (simplified tuning procedure via coil movement, only in case of plunger core coil) internal use of current injection by controller internal use of current injection by detection system request of detuning capacitor detuning capacitor is used command switch on detuning capacitor 1 command switch on detuning capacitor 2 command switch on detuning capacitor 3 detuning capacitor 1 circuit state error detuning capacitor 2 circuit state error detuning capacitor 3 circuit state error global error signal detuning capacitor 1, 2, 3 detection system is switched on detection system error signal busbar 1 detection system error signal busbar 2 detection system error signal busbar 3
resistant earthfault signals, Admittance methode OF[FEEDER_1_ALARM] High resistant earthfault feeder 1 ... ... OF[FEEDER_32_ALARM] High resistant earthfault feeder 32 OF[BB_1_ALARM] global high resistant earthfault signal busbar 1 OF[BB_2_ALARM] global high resistant earthfault signal busbar 2 OF[BB_3_ALARM] global high resistant earthfault signal busbar 3
Earthfault signals, Admittance methode 102 OF[FEEDER_1_EARTH] earthfault feeder 1 ... ... ... 133 OF[FEEDER_32_EARTH] earthfault feeder 32 134 OF[BB_1_EARTH] global earthfault signal busbar 1 135 OF[BB_2_EARTH] global earthfault signal busbar 2 136 OF[BB_3_EARTH] global earthfault signal busbar 3 Earthfault signals, Wattmetric or Transient earthfault methode 137 OF[FEEDER_1_TRIP] earthfault feeder 1 ... ... ... 168 OF[FEEDER_32_TRIP] earthfault feeder 32 169 OF[BB_1_TRIP] global earthfault signal busbar 1, Wattmetric methode 170 OF[BB_2_TRIP] global earthfault signal busbar 2, Wattmetric methode 171 OF[BB_3_TRIP] global earthfault signal busbar 3, Wattmetric methode 172 OF[BB_1_TRANS_TRIP] global earthfault signal busbar 1, Transient earthfault methode 173 OF[BB_2_TRANS_TRIP] global earthfault signal busbar 2, Transient earthfault methode 174 OF[BB_3_TRANS_TRIP] global earthfault signal busbar 3, Transient earthfault methode 175 OF[BB_1_POLY_VALID] Polygon methode: valid earthfault location busbar 1 176 OF[BB_2_POLY_VALID] Polygon methode: valid earthfault location busbar 2 177 OF[BB_3_POLY_VALID] Polygon methode: valid earthfault location busbar 3 178 OF[BB_1_SEARCH] busbar 1: ready for manual fault detection via switching operation 179 OF[BB_2_SEARCH] busbar 2: ready for manual fault detection via switching operation 180 OF[BB_3_SEARCH] busbar 3: ready for manual fault detection via switching operation
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Automatic reclosing unit 181 OF[ARU_WORKS] 182 OF[ARU_BB_1_PS1_OFF] ... ... ... 213 OF[ARU_BB_1_PS32_OFF] 214 OF[ARU_BB_1_PS1_ON] ... ... ... 245 OF[ARU_BB_1_PS32_ON] 246 OF[ARU_BB_2_PS1_OFF] ... ... ... 277 OF[ARU_BB_2_PS32_OFF] 278 OF[ARU_BB_2_PS1_ON] ... ... ... 309 OF[ARU_BB_2_PS32_ON] 310 OF[ARU_BB_3_PS1_OFF] ... ... ... 341 OF[ARU_BB_3_PS32_OFF] 342 OF[ARU_BB_3_PS1_ON] ... ... ... 373 OF[ARU_BB_3_PS32_ON]
Automatic reclosing unit is operating command switch off power switch 1 on busbar 1 command switch off power switch 32 on busbar 1 command reclose power switch 1 on busbar 1 command reclose power switch 32 on busbar 1 command switch off power switch 1 on busbar 2 command switch off power switch 32 on busbar 2 command reclose power switch 1 on busbar 2 command reclose power switch 32 on busbar 2 command switch off power switch 1 on busbar 3 command switch off power switch 32 on busbar 3 command reclose power switch 1 on busbar 3 command reclose power switch 32 on busbar 3
AI[ARU_STATE_01] ... ...
Internal state of Automatic Reclosing Unit on feeder 1 ... Internal state of Automatic Reclosing Unit on feeder 32
AI[ARU_STATE_32]
AI[FEEDER_STATE_01] ... ...
Assignment to monitoring group (resp. bus section) of feeder 1 ... Assignment to monitoring group (resp. bus section) of feeder 32
AI[FEEDER_STATE_32]
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8 EFD20Term
8.1 Basics
EFD20Term is made for Microsoft Windows to support the earthfault protection device EFD20. The program is able to communicate with the device via the serial interface - direct or via modem. The program consists of three different parts according to the following functions: Terminal program EFD20Term for remote control, data transfer, online parameter setting and software update. EFD20Analyse for analysis of the measured data stored by the device. EFD20Param for offline parameter setting of the device.
8.3 Installation
Insert TRENCH CD into the CD disc drive. Select and start the file setup.exe During the installation you are requested to enter installation path and program group. Confirm the end of the installation with Ok. The installation is finished and EFD20Term can be executed in the selected program group.
8.4 EFD20Term
The terminal program starts with the following window.
8.2 Minimum requirements to the PC

IBM-compatible PC 4 MB RAM 4 MB free hard disk memory serial interface RS232 CD - drive Windows-compatible graphic card and display Windows-compatible mouse Microsoft Windows 98, NT 4.0, Win2000, XP
8.4.1 Menu File

EFD20 Analyse This menu item opens the program part, where an evaluation of stored measured values (data recorder and archive files) can be done.
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EFD20 Param This menu item opens the program part, where device parameters can be prepared. Exit The terminal program is finished.
8.4.2 Menu Functions

Load parameters from controller Enter name and directory for the parameter file of the EFD20 . The parameters from the device will be stored into the PC. The percentage of transferred data is shown in the displayed bar. Transmit parameters to controller Enter name and directory of a parameter file already stored on the PC. The PC will send the parameters to the device. The percentage of transferred data is shown in the displayed bar. The transferred data can be checked in the EFD20 menu, which opens automatically. In order to store the new settings in the device finally, this must be confirmed with store when leaving the menu. If you do not want to store the new transferred parameter in the device, you can leave the menu with ignore. Afterwards the device is again working with the old settings. Load Data buffer Enter the name and the directory for the data file of the EFD20. The device will send the recorded data (stored in memory) to the PC. The percentage of transfered data is shown in the displayed bar. Load Archiv Enter name and directory for the EFD20 data file. The INF - file informs about all events (e.g. earthfault signal) recorded to the concerning data file. The device will send the archiv data (stored on flash disc) to the PC. The percentage of transfered data is shown in the displayed bar. Load statistics Enter the name and the directory for the statistic data file of the EFD20. The device will send the statistics to the PC. The percentage of transfered data is shown in the displayed bar. Monitoring controller The terminal mode of EFD20Term (remote operation) starts. The device display will be shown on the PCmonitor and the device software version is included to the headline of the window (see picture on first page of this chapter).
Software update Enter the serial number of the device and the corresponding password for the softwareupdate. Please also enter (resp. select) the name and the directory of the new EFD20 - program or eventually of the new DSP program (software for signal processor). The password and the necessary files can be ordered at Trench Austria, if a software update is available.
After confirmation (OK) a second window opens, where you select, if you want to transfer EFD20 or DSP software.
The transfer lasts about 2 min at 115.2 kBd
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8.4.3 Menu Settings

Comunication The relevant settings for PC, modem and data transmission can be set. Modem Several different modems can be added in the following window. The file kommpar.dat contains all settings (name, phone numbers, etc) of the stations. The directory of this file is shown here.
Port: Interface at the PC. Internal modems must be assigned to a free virtual port. Please note that EFDTerm should not be opened twice on your PC otherwise the serial interface on you PC could be blocked. The following settings must be the same as at the device: - Baudrate - Parity - Databits - Device address Delay time between data [ms]: - 0 at direct connection - 10 - 50 via modem Modem parameter The communication parameters of listed modems can be set here. You can find the relevant settings for your modem in the modem instruction manual.
Communication settings
Init string In principle modems, which are initialized by factory settings (&F), can operate with EFD20Term. Additional adjustments (e.g. X3) correspond to the individual phone plants. For instance, if an ELSA Microlink 33k is used, the init string &F%C0%G1%B9600 effects, that data compression is deactivated and transmission speed is constant (9600 Bd). Disconnect communication Disconnects an existing connection
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Connect communication Trys to build up a connection. If Use modem is selected, a window opens, where you have to select the desired station.
The symbols correspond to the following commands:
Symbol
Command Connect Disconnect Start terminal mode Load data buffer Load archiv files Load statistics
Here the parameters of existing stations can be adjusted or revised.
Load event list Load parameters from controller Transmit parameter to controller Help (not available in EFDTerm)
Status bar displays or hides the bar
The options Ask for password or Callback can only be activated, if the modem in the station supports these features. The passwords and the callback phone numbers have been stored in the station modem. Language German or English. Colour setting The background colour of the screen image can be set green (like at the LCD-display) or white.
8.4.5 Menu About EFD20Term

shows EFD20Term version and the corresponding device software.
8.4.4 Menu View

Symbol bar displays or hides the bar
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8.5 EFD20Analyse
The analysis program starts with the following window.
8.5.2 Menu Edit

Select curves When a file is opened or transfered no curves are selected first. This window shows the selectable curves. The desired curves must be added into the right window.
8.5.1 Menu File

Open A stored file (*.mwp) can be selected and opened. Save A revised file can be stored under the same name. Save as A revised or new file can be stored. Name and directory can be stated. Save as ASCII table The data can be stored in ASCII-format (*.asc) in order to support also other programs (e.g. Excel, Access, etc. ). Print Prints the evaluated curves. Print preview Displays the printer output on the monitor. Print setup The setup of the installed printer can be adjusted. Last files The 4 last opened files can be chosen. EFD20Term This menu item opens the program part with the terminal function. EFD20 Param This menu item opens the program part, where device parameters can be prepared. Exit The analysis program is finished.
Representation calls the window Display measured values
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Inscription of the time axis relatively: time starts from begin of record absolutely: actual device time none: no time stamps x-y diagram settings This dialog can only be opened, after the item Display x-y diagram of menu View has been selected previousely. This application is mainly intended for display of the resonance curve (Coil position Ipos in the x-axis, Vo1 or Vo2 in the y-axis.)
Event list settings
In order to open this dialog, the item display event list must be selected. The dialog fulfills the function of a signal filter. The individual event corresponds to the output function of the device and can be configured as entry to the event list.
8.5.3 Menu Zoom

Rectangular Zoom The cursor in the main window changes into a magnifier lens. A rectangular cut out can be selected for zooming in. The maximum expansion depends on the number of selected curves and the displayed time range. If the expansion is not suficient the number of curves must be decreased or the selected time range must be shortened. Fit The selected curves are fitted into the actual window size. This command is also available in the symbol bar. Reset The scaling of the curves is made according to the individual ranges of the displayd values. This command is also available in the symbol bar. Halve horizontal The time scale will be halved. Double horizontal The time scale will be doubled. Halve vertical The y - scale will be halved. Double vertical The y - scale will be doubled. Set... Input of scale factors for zoom in x and y direction.
Example In order to get the complete resonance curve, the coil could be adjusted through the whole range. Afterwards the data buffer is transferred to the PC and the corresponding time range should be selected before the changing into x-y diagram.
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8.5.4.Menu Settings
Language German or English Time intervall The displayed time range can be set according to the chosen window (current) or to the entire time range of the stored data buffer.
Status bar displays or hides the bar
Display values opens the window with the measured values at the actual cursor position. Display x-y diagram opens the window with the x-y display of the chosen data. Display event list opens the window, which includes the entries of the event list during the selected time (Representation)
8.5.5 Menu View

Symbol bar displays or hides the bar
The symbols correspond to following commands:
Symbol
Command Open Save Print Enlarge Fit zoom Reset scales Halve horizontal Double horizontal Halve vertical Double vertical Entire range Window range Cursor left Cursor right About Analyse
Display vector diagram opens the window containing the vector diagram of the selected curves (menu edit / select curves) at actual cursor position.
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Display list of faults opens the window including the list of faults within the selected time (time axis in menu display measured values).
Factory settings Factory settings according to available current injections can be opened: Master unipolar (ECI with one cycle) Slave unipolar (ECI with one cycle) Master bipolar (ECI with two cycle) Slave bipolar (ECI with two cycle) Print Prints the parameter list. Only the parameters of the selected service level will be listed. The headline of the print includes the serial number (ID) and the installed software version of the device. Print preview Displays the printer output on the monitor. Print setup The setup of the installed printer can be adjusted. Last files The 4 last opened files can be chosen. EFD20Term This menu item opens the program part with the terminal function.
8.5.6 Menu About EFD20 Analyse

shows EFD20Analyse version and fitting device software.
8.6 EFD20 Param

The parameter program starts with the following window.
EFD20 Analyse This menu item opens the program part, where an evaluation of the recorded values (data buffer and archiv files) can be performed. Exit The parameter program is finished.
8.6.2 Menu Edit parameters

The parameter structure of the PC-program corresponds to the structure of the device menu. For input of PLC-file (PLC programmabile) please look to end of this chapter. Operation level Only access to the most important parameters (Top Ten Parameter) is available. Commissioning level All parameters are available, which are necessary for the first device start up. Expert level All parameters for special settings are available. All levels All parameters are available.
8.6.1 Menu File

New A new parameter file (*.par) can be opened. Open A stored file (*.par) can be selected and opened. Save A revised file can be stored under the same name. Save as A revised or new file can be stored. Name and directory can be stated. Compare with file The opened file can be compared with another stored file. The differences will be listet in a text file.
8.6.3 Menu Settings

Language German or English.
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8.6.4 Menu View

Symbol bar Displays or hides the bar
Status bar Displays or hides the bar
8.6.5 Menu About EFD20 Param

The symbols correspond to the following commands: Shows EFD20 Param version and corresponding device software.
Symbol
Command New file Open file Save Print preview Print About EFCParam
8.7 PLC-Editor
After you have entered the item programming PLC under in- and outputs the following screen will open.
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The PLC-editor allows to make assignments and operations between Digital in- / outputs Boolic variables (flags) Analog in- / outputs Arithmetic variables Constants Boolic, arithmetic, comparison operators and SPS functions (delays, impulses, ect.) are available in order to achieve the required behaviour of the device. Additionally any comment may be entered behind a <;> character (refer to chapter 7).
8.7.1.4 Menu Single commands The menu contains all available single commands.
8.7.1 Command line
8.7.1.1 Menu Syntax check Check all The whole SPS-file is checked. Syntax errors are displayed in the window below. Check actual line Only the actual line (at cursor position) is checked. 8.7.1.2 Menu Edit Find (Ctrl F) It is possible to search for any string you can enter in the search window. The program jumps to the first occurence of this string. Only capital letters must be used. Find Next (Ctrl N) The program jumps to the next occurence of the string. 8.7.1.3 Menu View Display index In the square brackets the index number of the used item (e.g. digital output, flag ect.) is shown. Normally this information is only relevant for commissioning to find out possible assignment errors. Display defines In the square brackets the defined name of the used item (e.g. digital output, flag ect.) is shown. Update colours Comments, brackets, functions, etc. will be shown in different colours. After input of some text, the update of this colour setting can be performed.
8.7.1.5 Line assistant The line assistent guides through the program line and also provides operators between the individual items.
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Example: The lower or upper end switch of the ASC should be signalized via one digital output (e.g. D0305). The endswitches are set by contacts of ASC and recognized by digital inputs (e.g. D0205 and D0206) in the EFD20. The following assignment of the digital inputs is made to the relevant input function.
IF[MIF_END_I_MAX]=DI[D0205] ; UPPER END SWITCH IF[MIF_END_I_MIN]=DI[D0206] ; LOWER END SWITCH
The logical OR combination of the boolean expressions is selected by <|> character.
The digital output can be assigned to the logical OR combination of the digital inputs D0205 and D0206 or of the above input functions. The required digital output D0305 is selected and programmed by the means of the Assign digital outputs - assistant.
The following popup-window proposes the available possibilities and opens, if you put the cursor on the place holder {BOOL} and press the left and then the right mouse button.
Digital output D0305 is selected and confirmed by OK.
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The required digital output D0305 will be programmed by selection of the input functions MIF_END_I_MAX and MIF_END_I_MIN.
In principle the whole file can be programmed in this way. The PLC-file will be stored, if the save- or save as - command (menu file of EFD20Param) is called.
In case of similar substations it is easier to change the programming of an existing station or to adapt the factory settings with station specific adjustments.
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9 Options
The parameters of all EFD20 software options are described in chapter 7.
9.1.1.2 Checksum and parity The checksum is calculated as XOR - logical operation of the individual message bytes. The start bytes > and < are included. The special SPABus bytes cr, lf and & as well as the checksum itself are not included. If the EFD20 receives the byte XX instead of the checksum, the EFD20 will not check. The EFD20 always adds the checksum when sending. 9.1.1.3 Internal processing of messages The EFD20 checks the received serial data for the start byte >. If the following bytes contain the device address (adjustable in the menu) of the EFD20 or if they contain the broadcast address 900, then the following commands will be checked. If the calculated checksum does not fit, a NACK-Message (Not acknowledge - Error Code 0 ) will be answered. In the other case the received command will be decoded and processed. Read backup When the EFD20 is switched ON, initially all states (events) are set to 0. The device answers to the request read backup >10RB:XX with <10D:00.000 0E50:3F, as long as for the first time the request read last events (>10RL:XX) is received. Then the answer to read backup will be the same as for read last events.
9.1 Scada - SPABus

The SPABus-Interface in the EFD20 is implemented according to ABB document SPABUS COMMUNICATION PROTOCOL V2.4 dated 21.2.1992.
9.1.1 Realisation in EFD20

9.1.1.1 Dialog between EFD20 and SPABus-Master The dialog between SPABus-Master (Request >...) and EFD20 (Answer <...) is described in the following examples (Device address 10 and checksum XX) .
>10RC:XX or >10R0C:XX <10D:1:XX >10WC:0:XX or >10W0C:0:XX <10A:XX >10RF:XX or >10R0F:XX <10D:EFD20V1.12:XX >10RT:XX or >10R0T:XX <10D:59.042:XX >10WT:s s .s s s :XX or >10W0T:s s .s s s :XX <10A:XX read Slave Status
clear Slave Status
get Ident
read tim e in s s .s s s
9.1.2 Events
write tim e in s s .s s s the s econds are s et in actual hh.m m (at im pos s ible tim e e.g > 59.999 the ans wer is <10N:8:XX) BROADCAST write tim e in s s .s s s in actual hh.m m the s econds are s et read date & tim e jjjj-m m -tt hh:m m :s s .s s s
The following table gives an overview of all possible by EFD20 generated events.
nr. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 output function event MOT_UP MOT_DOW N EARTHFAULT V_MAX ERROR CONTR_IS_ON CONTR_BLOCK LOCAL description motor up motor down earthfault voltage Vo > Vmax controller error signal controller is switched on controller is blocked remote control system local mode coming 1E0 1E2 1E4 1E6 1E8 1E10 1E12 1E14 going 1E1 1E3 1E5 1E7 1E9 1E11 1E13 1E15
>900WT:s s .s s s :XX or >900W0T:s s .s s s :XX no ans wer >10RD:XX or >10R0D:XX <10D:01-11-13 11,10;14.707:XX >10WD:yy-m m -dd hh.m m ;s s .s s s :XX or >10W0D:yy-m m -dd hh.m m ;s s .s s s :XX <10A:XX >900WD:yy-m m -dd hh.m m ;s s .s s s :XX or >900WD:yy-m m -dd hh.m m ;s s .s s s :XX no ans wer
Set actual date and actual tim e (At im pos s ible tim e or date e.g.. 30. FEB the ans wer is <10N:8:XX) BROADCAST write date actual date yy-m m -dd and actual tim e hh.m m ;s s .s s s are s et
8 9 10 11 12 13 14 19
20 21 22 25
END_I_MAX END_I_MIN HW_ALARM PARA_ALARM V12_TOO_LOW TUNED_NC TUNED RP_ON

XBOX_1_OK XBOX_2_OK RP_BLOCK IEC101_TIMEOUT
upper end switch lower end switch hardware error parameter error reference voltage lower 10% tuned, not compensated tuned command switch on resistor communication with expansion box 1 is Ok communication with expansion box 2 is Ok resistor is blocked maximum response time IEC101 (switch replication) exceeded
1E16 1E18 1E20 1E22 1E24 1E26 1E28 1E38

1E40 1E42 1E44 1E50
1E17 1E19 1E21 1E23 1E25 1E27 1E29 1E39

1E41 1E43 1E45 1E51
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fix coil is closed in current injection is used for coupling detection 30 BUCH_WARN Buchholz warning 31 BUCH_TRIP Buchholz trip 32 TEMP_WARN Temperatur warning 33 TEMP_TRIP Temperatur trip 34 IS_MASTER controller is Master 35 IS_SLAVE controller is Slave 36 COUPLED_ busbar 1 and busbar 2 BB1_BB2 are coupled 37 COUPLED_ busbar 1 and busbar 3 BB1_BB3 are coupled 38 COUPLED_ busbar 2 and busbar 3 BB2_BB3 are coupled 39 ECI_REQUEST internal request of current injection 40 ECI_USED internal use of current injection 41 ECI_POS_1 command ECI1+ on 42 ECI_POS_2 command ECI2+ on 43 ECI_POS_3 command ECI3+ on 44 ECI_NEG_1 command ECI1- on 45 ECI_NEG_2 command ECI2- on 46 ECI_NEG_3 command ECI3- on 47 ECI_ERROR_1 error ECI1 48 ECI_ERROR_2 error ECI2 49 ECI_ERROR_3 error ECI3 50 ECI_ERROR global error signal of current injection 51 CONTR_RED redundancy operating 52 ECI_USED4CONTR current injection is used for controller 53 ECI_USED4DET current injection is used for detection system 54 EDC_REQUEST internal request of detuning capacitor 55 EDC_USED internal use of detuning capacitor 56 EDC_1 command switch on detuning capacitor 1 57 EDC_2 command switch on detuning capacitor 2 58 EDC_3 command switch on detuning capacitor 3 59 EDC_ERROR_1 error signal detuning capacitor 1 60 EDC_ERROR_2 error signal detuning capacitor 2 61 EDC_ERROR_3 error signal detuning capacitor 2 62 EDC_ERROR global error signal detuning capacitor 63 DET_IS_ON detection system is on 64 DET_ALARM_1 detection system error signal busbar 1 65 DET_ALARM_2 detection system error signal busbar 2 66 DET_ALARM_3 detection system error signal busbar 3 High resistant earthfault, Admittance methode 67 FEEDER_1_ High resistant ALARM earthfault feeder 1 68 FEEDER_2_ High resistant ALARM earthfault feeder 2 ... ... ... 95 FEEDER_29_ High resistant ALARM earthfault feeder 29 96 FEEDER_30_ High resistant ALARM earthfault feeder 30 97 FEEDER_31_ High resistant ALARM earthfault feeder 31 98 FEEDER_32_ High resistant ALARM earthfault feeder 32 99 BB_1_ALARM global high resistant earthfault on busbar 1 100 BB_2_ALARM global high resistant earthfault on busbar 2
27 29
FIX_ON ECI_USED4CD
1E54 1E58 1E60 1E62 2E0 2E2 2E4 2E6 2E8
1E55 1E59 1E61 1E63 2E1 2E3 2E5 2E7 2E9
2E10 2E12 2E14 2E16 2E18 2E20 2E22 2E24 2E26 2E28 2E30 2E32 2E34 2E36 2E38 2E40 2E42 2E44 2E46 2E48 2E50 2E52 2E54 2E56 2E58 2E60 2E62 3E0 3E2 3E4
2E11 2E13 2E15 2E17 2E19 2E21 2E23 2E25 2E27 2E29 2E31 2E33 2E35 2E37 2E39 2E41 2E43 2E45 2E47 2E49 2E51 2E53 2E55 2E57 2E59 2E61 2E63 3E1 3E3 3E5
global high resistant 4E10 earthfault on busbar 3 Earthfault signals, Admittance methode 102 FEEDER_1_ Earthfault feeder 1 4E12 EARTH 103 FEEDER_2_ Earthfault feeder 2 4E14 EARTH ... ... ... ... 127 FEEDER_26_ Earthfault feeder 26 4E62 EARTH 128 FEEDER_27_ Earthfault feeder 27 5E0 EARTH 129 FEEDER_28_ Earthfault feeder 28 5E2 EARTH 130 FEEDER_29_ Earthfault feeder 29 5E4 EARTH 131 FEEDER_30_ Earthfault feeder 30 5E6 EARTH 132 FEEDER_31_ Earthfault feeder 31 5E8 EARTH 133 FEEDER_32_ Earthfault feeder 32 5E10 EARTH 134 BB_1_EARTH global earthfault signal 5E12 on busbar 1 135 BB_2_EARTH global earthfault signal 5E14 on busbar 2 136 BB_3_EARTH global earthfault signal 5E16 on busbar 3 Earthfault signals, Wattmetric or Transient earthfault methode Earthfault feeder 1 137 FEEDER_1_TRIP 5E18 Earthfault feeder 2 138 FEEDER_2_TRIP 5E20
101 BB_3_ALARM
4E11
4E13 4E15 ... 4E63 5E1 5E3 5E5 5E7 5E9 5E11 5E13 5E15 5E17
5E19 5E21
3E6 3E8 ... 3E62
3E7 3E9 ... 3E63
4E0 4E2 4E4 4E6 4E8
4E1 4E3 4E5 4E7 4E9
Earthfault feeder 23 Earthfault feeder 24 Earthfault feeder 25 ... Earthfault feeder 32 Wattmetric methode earthfault on busbar 1 170 BB_2_TRIP Wattmetric methode earthfault on busbar 2 171 BB_3_TRIP Wattmetric methode earthfault on busbar 2 172 BB_1_TRANS_TRIP Transient methode earthfault on busbar 1 173 BB_2_TRANS_TRIP Transient methode earthfault on busbar 2 174 BB_3_TRANS_TRIP Transient methode earthfault on busbar 3 Polygon methode 175 BB_1_POLY_VALID valid result busbar 1 176 BB_2_POLY_VALID valid result busbar 2 177 BB_3_POLY_VALID valid result busbar 3 Manual fault detection via switching operation 178 BB_1_SEARCH ready for manual fault detection on busbar 1 179 BB_2_SEARCH ready for manual fault detection on busbar 2 180 BB_3_SEARCH ready for manual fault detection on busbar 3 Automatic reclosing unit 181 ARU_WORKS Automatic reclosing is operating switch off power 182 ARU_BB_1_ PS1_OFF switch 1 on busbar 1 ... ... ... switch off power 191 ARU_BB_1_ PS10_OFF switch 10 on busbar 1 192 ARU_BB_1_ switch off power PS11_OFF switch 11 on busbar 1 ... ... ... switch off power 213 ARU_BB_1_ PS32_OFF switch 32 on busbar 1 214 ARU_BB_1_ reclose power PS1_ON switch 1 on busbar 1 ... ... ... 223 ARU_BB_1_ reclose power PS10_ON switch 10 on busbar 1 159 160 161 ... 168 169 FEEDER_23_TRIP FEEDER_24_TRIP FEEDER_25_TRIP ... FEEDER_32_TRIP BB_1_TRIP
5E62 6E0 6E2 ... 6E16 6E18 6E20 6E22 6E24 6E26 6E28
5E63 6E1 6E3 ... 6E17 6E19 6E21 6E23 6E25 6E27 6E29
6E30 6E32 6E34 6E36 6E38 6E40
6E31 6E33 6E35 6E37 6E39 6E41
6E42 6E44 ... 6E62 7E0 ... 7E42
6E43 6E45 ... 6E63 7E1 ... 7E43
7E44 ... 7E62
7E45 ... 7E63
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224 ARU_BB_1_ PS11_ON ... ... 245 ARU_BB_1_ PS32_ON 246 ARU_BB_2_ PS1_OFF ... ... 255 ARU_BB_2_ PS10_OFF 256 ARU_BB_2_ PS11_OFF ... ... 277 ARU_BB_2_ PS32_OFF 278 ARU_BB_2_ PS1_ON ... ... 287 ARU_BB_2_ PS10_ON 288 ARU_BB_2_ PS11_ON ... ... 309 ARU_BB_2_ PS32_ON 310 ARU_BB_3_ PS1_OFF ... ... 319 ARU_BB_3_ PS10_OFF 320 ARU_BB_3_ PS11_OFF ... ... 341 ARU_BB_3_ PS32_OFF 342 ARU_BB_3_ PS1_ON ... ... 351 ARU_BB_3_ PS10_ON 352 ARU_BB_3_ PS11_ON ... ... 373 ARU_BB_3_ PS32_ON Flags 384 M000 ... ... 415 M031 416 M032 ... ... 447 M063 448 M064 ... ... 479 M095 480 M096 ... ... 511 M127
reclose power switch 11 on busbar 1 ... reclose power switch 32 on busbar 1 switch off power switch 1 on busbar 2 ... switch off power switch 10 on busbar 2 switch off power switch 11 on busbar 2 ... switch off power switch 32 on busbar 2 reclose power switch 1 on busbar 2 ... reclose power switch 10 on busbar 2 reclose power switch 11 on busbar 2 ... reclose power switch 32 on busbar 2 switch off power switch 1 on busbar 3 ... switch off power switch 10 on busbar 3 switch off power switch 11 on busbar 3 ... switch off power switch 32 on busbar 3 reclose power switch 1 on busbar 3 ... reclose power switch 10 on busbar 3 reclose power switch 11 on busbar 3 ... reclose power switch 32 on busbar 3 flag 0 ... flag 31 flag 32 ... flag 63 flag 64 ... flag 95 flag 96 ... flag 127
8E0 ... 8E42 8E44 ... 8E62 9E0 ... 9E42 9E44 ... 9E62 10E0 ... 10E42 10E44 ... 10E62 11E0 ... 11E42 11E44 ... 11E62 12E0 ... 12E42
8E1 ... 8E43 8E45 ... 8E63 9E1 ... 9E43 9E45 ... 9E63 10E1 ... 10E43 10E45 ... 10E63 11E1 ... 11E43 11E45 ... 11E63 12E1 ... 12E43
amount of characters per telegram. The following channel assignment is valid: Channel 0: output function 0 ... 127 Channel 1: output function 128 ... 255 Channel 2: output function 256 ... 383 Channel 3: flag 0 ... 127 Example 1: The state of output function 2 is requested. Following the request >10R0V2:XX the EFD20 answers <10D:1:XX, that an earthfault appeared in the network. Example 2: The state of the ouput functions in the range of 137 ... 142 are requested. Following the request >10R1V9/15:XX the EFD20 ans-wers <10D:0/0/1/0/0/0:XX, that the earthfault is located on feeder 3. The request >10R1V9/15:XX consists of the following parts: 10 ... EFD20 address 1 ... Channel 1: The requested output functions are in the range of channel 1 9 ... start of the sequence (128+9=137) 15 ... end of sequence (9+6=15) Example 3: The circuit state of ASC1 (in PLC-flie the requested circuit stae is assigned to flag 10) is requested. Following the request >10R3V11:XX the EFD20 answers <10D:0:XX, that ASC1 is switched off.
13E0 ... 13E62 14E0 ... 16E62 15E0 ... 15E62 16E0 ... 16E62
13E1 ... 13E63 14E1 ... 14E63 15E1 ... 15E63 16E1 ... 16E63
9.1.3 Request of measured values

By request >10RO(Channel)(Index):XX the measured values of EFD20 are transmitted to Scada system via channel and index number (Index). The following table gives an overview of the available measured values.
measured value description channel Index amount rsp. real 1 3 4 6 phase rsp. Imaginary 2 5 7
Read last events Following the request read last events >10RL:XX the EFD20 sends all new events since the last request (e.g. if the controller is switched on, the event 1E10 will be generated). Request for state of output functions and flags The requested output functions resp. flags are selected via channels, because the amount of output functions and flags exceeds the maximum permitted
V12 [V] V12 [% ] Vo1 [V] Vo2 [V]
reference voltage reference voltage neutral to ground voltage ASC1 neutral to ground voltage ASC2
0 0 0 0
Vo3 [V] Vo1 [%] Vo2 [%]
neutral to ground voltage ASC3 neutral to ground voltage ASC1 neutral to ground voltage ASC2
0 0 0
8 10 11
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Vo3 [%] Ieci1 [A] Ieci2 [A] Ieci3 [A] Ipos [A] Ires [A] Id [A] Iv [A] Io1[A]
Io2 [A] Io3 [A] ... Io32 [A]
neutral to ground voltage ASC3 injected current Ieci1 injected current Ieci2 injected current Ieci3 coil current total capacitive current of network damping current detuning current zero sequence current feeder 1 zero sequence current feeder 1 zero sequence current feeder 1 ... zero sequence current feeder 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
12 13 15 17 19 20 21 22 1 14 16 18
The command >10W0I1:1:XX sets the output function OF_MOT_UP and the assigned output relay Motor up. The ASC moves in direction Imax until the command >10W0I1:0:XX resets the output relay or until the end position is reached. By following the command >10W0I5:1:XX the controller is switched on again (automatic mode).
2 4 6 ... 64
1 1 ... 1
3 5 ... 63
9.1.5 Switch replication

The actual circuit states of breakers and disconnectors are transmitted via the following command: >10W 1I:Index:Cmd:XX
Hint
If the Cmd is set to <1>, it means, that the circuit state of the switch (resp. Scada variable) assigned to Index, is switched on. The following Scada variables (L000 - L127) can be set (Cmd = 1) resp. reset (Cmd = 0) by the Scada system.
The transmission of the mesured values in real imaginary or amount - phase format is selected by setting of display the analog values. Example: Request of the actual neutral to ground voltage Vo1: >10RO4/5:XX Read Out Channel 0 Index 4 and 5 <10D:0.193/86.3:XX
9.1.4 Commands by Scada

Commands by Scada are only accepted if the EFD20 is not in local mode. The following input functions resp. Scada variables can be set by Scada.
Command CIF_MOT_UP Description external coil movement motor up (refer to example) pulse motor up external coil movement motor up pulse motor down switch on controller switch off controller trigger of resistor control pulse block controller switch on detection system switch off detection system Index 1 3 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Circuit state switch 1 ... switch 128
Index Scada variable 1 L000 ... ... 128 L127
9.2 Scada IEC - Protokoll

The interface between EFD20 and Scada is based on the international standard IEC 870-5-103.
9.2.1 Data units in supervision direction

Data Unit (1) Signalling with time stamp
Type identification Marking of the variable structure Cause of transmission COT Common address of ASDU Function type Information number DPI 0x1 ... OFF, 0x2 ... ON Four octet binary-time
CIF_MOT_DOWN
CIF_CONTR_ON CIF_CONTR_OFF CIF_RP_TRIGG CIF_CONTRBLOCK CIF_DET_ON CIF_DET_OFF
Example: Adjustment of ASC by Scada The controller is switched on (automatic mode). >10W0I6:1:XX switches the controller off (manual mode).
T h e c o m m a n d
Additional information SIN
If COT=GI: SIN sample # of GI If COT=ACK|NACK: SIN=? Other COT: SIN not relevant
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Data Unit (3) Measurement data 1
Data Unit (6) Time synchronisation
Type identification Marking of the variable structure Cause of transmission COT Common address of ASDU Function type Information number Ipos Iv Id Vo
... neutral to ground voltage in percentage based on nominal voltage (V12 / sqrt 3) Ipos, Iv, Id ... in percentage based on the total coil current = Imax of plunger core or step coil + current of fix coil (without any consideration of the actual circuit state of the fix coil) Data Unit (5) Identification signalling Vo
Type identification Marking of the variable structure Cause of transmission COT Common address of ASDU Function type Information number Seven Octet Binary-time
GLB
Data Unit (8) Termination of general request
Type identification Marking of the variable structure Cause of transmission COT Common address of ASDU Function type Information number scan number
GLB received from trigger of general request
Type identification Marking of the variable structure Cause of transmission COT Common address of ASDU Function type 0...127 private range Information number Compatibility state COL ASC 8 Bytes manufacturer marking not used sign blank 0x20 TRENCH
Data Unit (9) Measurement data 2

Type identification Marking of the variable structure Cause of transmission COT Common address of ASDU Function type Information number Ipos Iv Id Vo
1 20
channel 1 channel 2 state % value Vo
ASC ASC ASC ASC ASC ASC ASC ASC ASC ASC ASC
1st feeder of arranged loop 2nd feeder of arranged loop status of location method distance to fault location in % of total loop length
Internal software Identification
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9.2.2 Data units in command direction

Data Unit (6) Time synchronisation
13 14 19 20
Type identification Marking of the variable structure Cause of transmission COT Common address of ASDU Function type Information number Seven octet binary-time
21
22 25
GLB
27 29
30 31 32 33 34 35 36
Data Unit (7) Trigger for general request
Type identification Marking of the variable structure Cause of transmission COT Common address of ASDU Function type Information number scan number
Data Unit (20) General command
37 38 39
GLB
40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
51 52
Type identification Marking of the variable structure Cause of transmission COT Common address of ASDU Funktionstyp Information number Double point command Feedback information
53 54 55 56
9.2.3 Events IEC 103 protocol

The following table shows standard settings for function type (FUNC) and information number (INFO) of EFD20 events.
nr 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
8 9 10 11 12
57 58 59 60
output function event MOT_UP MOT_DOWN EARTHFAULT V_MAX ERROR CONTR_IS_ON CONTR_BLOCK LOCAL
END_I_MAX END_I_MIN HW_ALARM PARA_ALARM V12_TOO_LOW
description motor up motor down earthfault voltage Vo > Vmax error signal controller controller is on controller is blocked remote control system local mode upper end switch lower end switch hardware error parameter alert reference voltage V12 < 10%
infonumber 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
8 9 10 11 12
function nummer 243 243 243 243 243 243 243 243
243 243 243 243 243
61 62 63 64 65 66
67
tuned, 13 not compensated tuned TUNED 14 RP_ON resistor control 19 switch on resistor XBOX_1_OK communication with 20 expansion box 1 is Ok XBOX_2_OK communication with 21 expansion box 2 is Ok RP_BLOCK resistor control 22 resistor is blocked IEC101_TIMEOUT maximum response 25 time IEC101 (switch replication) exceeded FIX_ON fix coil is on 27 ECI_USED4CD current injection is used 29 for coupling detection BUCH_WARN Buchholz warning 30 BUCH_TRIP Buchholz trip 31 TEMP_WARN Temperature warning 32 TEMP_TRIP Temperature trip 33 IS_MASTER controller is Master 34 IS_SLAVE controller is Slave 35 COUPLED_ busbar 1 and busbar 2 36 BB1_BB2 are coupled COUPLED_ busbar 1 and busbar 3 37 BB1_BB3 are coupled COUPLED_ busbar 2 and busbar 3 38 BB2_BB3 are coupled ECI_REQUEST internal request of 39 current injection ECI_USED internal use of 40 current injection ECI_POS_1 switch on ECI1+ 41 ECI_POS_2 switch on ECI2+ 42 ECI_POS_3 switch on ECI3+ 43 ECI_NEG_1 switch on ECI144 ECI_NEG_2 switch on ECI245 ECI_NEG_3 switch on ECI346 ECI_ERROR_1 error current injection 1 47 ECI_ERROR_2 error current injection 2 48 ECI_ERROR_3 error current injection 3 49 ECI_ERROR global error signal 50 current injection CONTR_RED redundancy control 51 ECI_USED4CONTR current injection is used 52 by controller ECI_USED4DET current injection is used 53 by detection system EDC_REQUEST internal request of 54 detuning capacitor EDC_USED internal use of 55 detuning capacitor EDC_1 switch on detuning 56 capacitor EDC1 EDC_2 switch on detuning 57 capacitor EDC2 EDC_3 switch on detuning 58 capacitor EDC3 EDC_ERROR_1 detuning capacitor 1 59 error signal EDC_ERROR_2 detuning capacitor 2 60 error signal EDC_ERROR_3 detuning capacitor 3 61 error signal EDC_ERROR global error signal 62 detuning capacitor DET_IS_ON detection system is on 63 DET_ALARM_1 detection system error 64 signal on busbar 1 DET_ALARM_2 detection system error 65 signal on busbar 2 DET_ALARM_3 detection system error 66 signal on busbar 3 High resistant earthfault signals, Admittance methode FEEDER_1_ high resistant earthfault 67 ALARM on feeder 1
TUNED_NC
243 243 243 243 243
243 243
243 243
243 243 243 243 243 243 243
243 243 243 243 243 243 243 243 243 243 243 243 243 243
243 243
243 243 243 243 243 243 243 243 243 243 243 243 243 243
243
Page 94 9 Options
EFD20 V1.18 June 2009
68 ... 98 99 100 101
102 103 ... 127
128 129 ... 133 134 135

136
137 138 ... 168 169
170
171
172
173
174
175 176 177
178 179 180
181 182 ... 213 214 ... 245
high resistant earthfault 68 243 on feeder 2 ... ... ... high resistant earthfault 98 243 on feeder 32 global signal busbar 1 99 243 high resistant fault BB_2_ALARM global signal busbar 2 100 243 high resistant fault BB_3_ALARM global signal busbar 3 101 243 high resistant fault Earthfault signals, Admittance methode FEEDER_1_ earthfault on feeder 1 102 243 EARTH FEEDER_2_ earthfault on feeder 2 103 243 EARTH ... ... ... ... FEEDER_26_ earthfault on feeder 26 127 243 EARTH FEEDER_27_ earthfault on feeder 27 0 244 EARTH FEEDER_28_ earthfault on feeder 28 1 244 EARTH ... ... ... ... FEEDER_32_ earthfault on feeder 32 5 244 EARTH BB_1_EARTH global earthfault signal 6 244 on busbar 1 BB_2_EARTH global earthfault signal 7 244 on busbar 2 BB_3_EARTH global earthfault signal 8 244 on busbar 3 Earthfault signals, Wattmetric or Transient earthfault methode earthfault on feeder 1 FEEDER_1_TRIP 9 244 earthfault on feeder 2 FEEDER_2_TRIP 10 244 ... ... ... ... FEEDER_32_TRIP earthfault on feeder 32 40 244 BB_1_TRIP global fault signal via 41 244 Wattmetric methode busbar 1 BB_2_TRIP global fault signal via 42 244 Wattmetric methode busbar 2 BB_3_TRIP global fault signal via 43 244 Wattmetric methode busbar 3 BB_1_TRANS_TRIP global fault signal via 44 244 Transient fault methode busbar 1 BB_2_TRANS_TRIP global fault signal via 45 244 Transient fault methode busbar 2 46 244 BB_3_TRANS_TRIP global fault signal via Transient fault methode busbar 3 Polygon methode BB_1_POLY_VALID valid fault location 47 244 on busbar 1 BB_2_POLY_VALID valid fault location 48 244 on busbar 2 BB_3_POLY_VALID valid fault location 49 244 on busbar 3 Manaul fault location via switching operation BB_1_SEARCH ready for manual fault 50 244 location on busbar 1 BB_2_SEARCH ready for manual fault 51 244 location on busbar 2 BB_3_SEARCH ready for manual fault 52 244 location on busbar 3 Automatic reclosing unit ARU_WORKS Automatic reclosing 53 244 unit is operating ARU_BB_1_ switch off power 54 244 PS1_OFF switch 1 on busbar 1 ... ... ... ... ARU_BB_1_ switch off power 85 244 PS32_OFF switch 32 on busbar 1 reclose power 86 244 ARU_BB_1_ PS1_ON switch 1 on busbar 1 ... ... ... ... reclose power 117 244 ARU_BB_1_ PS32_ON switch 32 on busbar 1
FEEDER_2_ ALARM ... FEEDER_32_ ALARM BB_1_ALARM
246 ARU_BB_2_ PS1_OFF ... ... 255 ARU_BB_2_ PS10_OFF 256 ARU_BB_2_ PS11_OFF ... ... 277 ARU_BB_2_ PS32_OFF 278 ARU_BB_2_ PS1_ON ... ... 309 ARU_BB_2_ PS32_ON 310 ARU_BB_3_ PS1_OFF ... ... 341 ARU_BB_3_ PS32_OFF 342 ARU_BB_3_ PS1_ON ... ... 373 ARU_BB_3_ PS32_ON
384 385 ... 511 M000 M001 ... M127
switch off power switch 1 on busbar 2 ... switch off power switch 10 on busbar 2 switch off power switch 11 on busbar 2 ... switch off power switch 32 on busbar 2 reclose power switch 1 on busbar 2 ... reclose power switch 32 on busbar 2 switch off power switch 1 on busbar 3 ... switch off power switch 32 on busbar 3 reclose power switch 1 on busbar 3 ... reclose power switch 32 on busbar 3 Flags flag 000 flag 001 ... flag 127
118 ... 127 0 ... 21 22 ... 53 54 ... 85

86 ... 117
244 ... 244 245 ... 245 245 ... 245 245 ... 245
245 ... 245
0 1 ... 127
246 246 ... 246
9.2.4 Commands IEC103 protocol

Commands from SCADA are only processed, if the EFD20 is not in local - state. The EFD20 gets commands from the SCADA control unit by means of Double point- commands. (Data Unit 20). DCO := UI2[1..2] <0...3> W ith <0> <1> <2> <3> := := := := not used OFF ON not used
The following input functions can be set or reset by SCADA:

Command CIF_MOT_UP Description external coil movement motor up (refer to example) pulse motor up external coil movement motor down pulse motor down switch on controller switch off controller resistor control manual trigger block controller switch on detection system switch off detection system Infonumber 1 3 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Function number 140 140 140 140 140 140 140 140 140 140
CIF_MOT_DOWN
CIF_CONTR_ON CIF_CONTR_OFF CIF_RP_TRIGG CIF_CONTRBLOCK CIF_DET_ON CIF_DET_OFF
The receipt of a possible command is acknowledged with COT 20 (command acknowledge positive). All other commands are acknowledged with COT 21 (command acknowledge negative).
EFD20 V1.18 June 2009
Page 95 9 Options
The execution of a command is not indicated with COT 12 (remote operation) but with COT 1 (spontaneous). That means that commands are executed without feedback. Example: Adjustment of ASC The controller is switched on (automatic mode). Following the command with INFO 6, FUNC 243, DPI = 2 the controller is switched off (manual mode). The command with INFO 1, FUNC 243, DPI = 2 (motor up) moves the coil in direction Imax, until: - the upper endswitch is reached - the command with INFO 1, FUNC 243, DPI = 1 is received - the command with INFO 2, FUNC 243, DPI = 2 is received Following the command with INFO 5, FUNC 243, DPI = 2 the controller is switched on again.
21 22 25 27 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52
53 54
9.2.5 Swith replication

The EFD20 gets the actual circuit states of breakers resp. disconnectors from the SCADA control unit by means of Double point- commands (Data Unit 20). If the Double point- command is set <2>, it means, that the circuit state of the switch (resp. Scada variable) assigned to Information number, is switched on. The following Scada variables (L000 - L127) can be set (<2>) resp. reset (<1>) by the Scada system.
55 56 57 58 59
Infonumber 0 ... 127
Function number 141 ... 141
60 61 62 63 64 65
66
9.2.6 Events IEC101 protocol

The following table contains the standard information numbers of the EFD20 events.
nr 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 output function event MOT_UP MOT_DOW N EARTHFAULT V_MAX ERROR CONTR_IS_ON CONTR_BLOCK LOCAL description motor up motor down earthfault voltage Vo > Vmax error signal controller controller is on controller is blocked remote control system local mode infonumber 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
67 68 ... 98
99 100 101
8 9 10 11 12 13 14 19 20
END_I_MAX END_I_MIN HW_ALARM PARA_ALARM V12_TOO_LOW TUNED_NC TUNED RP_ON XBOX_1_OK
upper end switch lower end switch hardware error parameter alert reference voltage V12 < 10% tuned, not compensated tuned resistor control, switch on resistor communication with expansion box 1 is Ok
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 20 21
102 103
communication with expansion box 2 is Ok RP_BLOCK resistor control resistor is blocked IEC101_TIMEOUT maximum response time IEC101 (switch replication) exceeded FIX_ON fix coil is on ECI_USED4CD current injection is used for coupling detection BUCH_WARN Buchholz warning BUCH_TRIP Buchholz trip TEMP_WARN Temperature warning TEMP_TRIP Temperature trip IS_MASTER controller is Master IS_SLAVE controller is Slave COUPLED_ busbar 1 and busbar 2 BB1_BB2 are coupled COUPLED_ busbar 1 and busbar 3 BB1_BB3 are coupled COUPLED_ busbar 2 and busbar 3 BB2_BB3 are coupled ECI_REQUEST internal request of current injection ECI_USED internal use of current injection ECI_POS_1 switch on ECI1+ ECI_POS_2 switch on ECI2+ ECI_POS_3 switch on ECI3+ ECI_NEG_1 switch on ECI1ECI_NEG_2 switch on ECI2ECI_NEG_3 switch on ECI3ECI_ERROR_1 error current injection 1 ECI_ERROR_2 error current injection 2 ECI_ERROR_3 error current injection 3 ECI_ERROR global error signal current injection CONTR_RED redundancy control ECI_USED4CONTR current injection is used by controller ECI_USED4DET current injection is used by detection system EDC_REQUEST internal request of detuning capacitor EDC_USED internal use of detuning capacitor EDC_1 switch on detuning capacitor EDC1 EDC_2 switch on detuning capacitor EDC2 EDC_3 switch on detuning capacitor EDC3 EDC_ERROR_1 detuning capacitor 1 error signal EDC_ERROR_2 detuning capacitor 2 error signal EDC_ERROR_3 detuning capacitor 3 error signal EDC_ERROR global error signal detuning capacitor DET_IS_ON detection system is on DET_ALARM_1 detection system error signal on busbar 1 DET_ALARM_2 detection system error signal on busbar 2 DET_ALARM_3 detection system error signal on busbar 3 High resistant earthfault signals, Admittance methode high resistant earthfault FEEDER_1_ ALARM on feeder 1 FEEDER_2_ high resistant earthfault ALARM on feeder 2 ... ... high resistant earthfault FEEDER_32_ ALARM on feeder 32 BB_1_ALARM global signal busbar 1 high resistant fault BB_2_ALARM global signal busbar 2 high resistant fault BB_3_ALARM global signal busbar 3 high resistant fault Earthfault signals, Admittance methode FEEDER_1_ earthfault on feeder 1 EARTH FEEDER_2_ earthfault on feeder 2 EARTH
XBOX_2_OK
22 23 26 28 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53
54 55 56 57 58 59 60
61 62 63 64 65 66
67
68 69 ... 99
100 101 102
103 104
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EFD20 V1.18 June 2009
... ... ... ... 127 FEEDER_26_ earthfault on feeder 26 128 EARTH 128 FEEDER_27_ earthfault on feeder 27 129 EARTH earthfault on feeder 28 130 129 FEEDER_28_ EARTH ... ... ... ... 133 FEEDER_32_ earthfault on feeder 32 134 EARTH 134 BB_1_EARTH global earthfault signal on busbar 1 135 135 BB_2_EARTH global earthfault signal on busbar 2 136 136 BB_3_EARTH global earthfault signal on busbar 3 137 Earthfault signals, Wattmetric or Transient earthfault methode earthfault on feeder 1 137 FEEDER_1_TRIP 138 earthfault on feeder 2 138 FEEDER_2_TRIP 139 ... ... ... ... 168 FEEDER_32_TRIP earthfault on feeder 32 169 169 BB_1_TRIP global fault signal via Wattmetric 170 methode busbar 1 170 BB_2_TRIP global fault signal via Wattmetric 171 methode busbar 2 171 BB_3_TRIP global fault signal via Wattmetric 172 methode busbar 3 172 BB_1_TRANS_TRIP global fault signal via Transient 173 fault methode busbar 1 173 BB_2_TRANS_TRIP global fault signal via Transient 174 fault methode busbar 2
174 BB_3_TRANS_TRIP global fault signal via Transient fault methode busbar 3 Polygon methode 175 BB_1_POLY_VALID valid fault location on busbar 1 176 BB_2_POLY_VALID valid fault location on busbar 2 177 BB_3_POLY_VALID valid fault location on busbar 3 Manaul fault location via switching operation 178 BB_1_SEARCH ready for manual fault location on busbar 1 179 BB_2_SEARCH ready for manual fault location on busbar 2 180 BB_3_SEARCH ready for manual fault location on busbar 3 Automatic reclosing unit 181 ARU_WORKS Automatic reclosing unit is operating switch off power 182 ARU_BB_1_ PS1_OFF switch 1 on busbar 1 ... ... ... switch off power 213 ARU_BB_1_ PS32_OFF switch 32 on busbar 1 214 ARU_BB_1_ reclose power PS1_ON switch 1 on busbar 1 ... ... ... 245 ARU_BB_1_ reclose power PS32_ON switch 32 on busbar 1 switch off power 246 ARU_BB_2_ PS1_OFF switch 1 on busbar 2 ... ... ... 277 ARU_BB_2_ switch off power PS32_OFF switch 32 on busbar 2 278 ARU_BB_2_ reclose power PS1_ON switch 1 on busbar 2 ... ... ... reclose power 309 ARU_BB_2_ PS32_ON switch 32 on busbar 2 switch off power 310 ARU_BB_3_ PS1_OFF switch 1 on busbar 3 ... ... ... switch off power 341 ARU_BB_3_ PS32_OFF switch 32 on busbar 3 342 ARU_BB_3_ reclose power PS1_ON switch 1 on busbar 3 ... ... ... reclose power 373 ARU_BB_3_ PS32_ON switch 32 on busbar 3 Flags 384 M000 flag 000 385 M001 flag 001 ... ... ... 509 M125 flag 125 510 M126 flag 126 511 M127 flag 127 175
9.2.7 Switch replication

The following Scada variables (L000 - L127) can be set (<2>) resp. reset (<1>) by the Scada system.
Info number 801 ... 928
9.2.8 Commands IEC 101 protocol

The following input functions can be set or reset by SCADA:
Command CIF_MOT_UP Description external coil movement motor up pulse motor up external coil movement motor down pulse motor down switch on controller (pulse) switch off controller (pulse) resistor control manual trigger block controller switch on detection system (pulse) switch off detection system (pulse) switch on/off controller switch on/off detection system Info number 769 771 770 772 773 774 775 776 777 778 779 780
CIF_MOT_DOWN CIF_CONTR_ON CIF_CONTR_OFF CIF_RP_TRIGG CIF_CONTRBLOCK CIF_DET_ON CIF_DET_OFF
176 177 178 179 180 181
9.2.9 Counter
The counters are transmitted by general request or via Read - Command. The transmission can be enabled or disabled per counter. The following table includes the standard settings.
counter transient earthfaults trigger account tuning account tuning not compensated switching operation Rp boot ECI1 ECI2 ECI3 Alarm feeder 1 ... Alarm feeder 32 Earth feeder 1 ... Earth feeder 32 Trip feeder 1 ... Trip feeder 32 transmit ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ... ON ON ... ON ON ... ON INFO 1281 1282 1283 1284 1285 1286 1287 1288 1289 1290 ... 1321 1322 ... 1353 1354 ... 1385
182 183 ... 214
215 ... 246

247 ... 278 279 ... 310 311 ... 342 343 ... 374
9.2.10 Measured data

385 386 ... 510 511 512
The measured data are transmitted after the general request, per minute or after the change of 3% (if the measurand is bigger than 0.05% of maximum). The following table contains the factory settings of Page 97 9 Options
EFD20 V1.18 June 2009
information numbers. If desired, the settings may be changed.

configuration reference voltage V12 [V] angle reference voltage V12 [] reference voltage V12 [%] neutral to ground voltage Vo1 [V] angle neutral to ground voltage Vo1 [] neutral to ground voltage Vo2 [V] angle neutral to ground voltage Vo2 [] neutral to ground voltage Vo3 [V] angle neutral to ground voltage Vo3 [] neutral to ground voltage Vo1 [%] neutral to ground voltage Vo2 [%] neutral to ground voltage Vo3 [%] actual coil position Ipos [A] fix coil Ifix [A] Ipos + Ifix [A] damping current Id [A] detuning current Iv [A] capacitance current Ires [A] injection current Ieci1 [A] angle injection current Ieci1 [] injection current Ieci2 [A] angle injection current Ieci2 [] injection current Ieci3 [A] angle injection current Ieci3 [] zero sequence current feeder 1 Io01 [A] angle zero sequence current feeder 1 [] .. .. zero sequence current feeder 32 Io01 [A] angle zero sequence current feeder 32 [] asymmetry impedance busbar 1 [kOhm] angle asymmetry impedance busbar 1 [] asymmetry impedance busbar 2 [kOhm] angle asymmetry impedance busbar 2 [] asymmetry impedance busbar 3 [kOhm] angle asymmetry impedance busbar 3 [] asymmetry impedance feeder 1 [kOhm] angle asymmetry impedance feeder 1 [] .. .. asymmetry impedance feeder 32 [kOhm] angle asymmetry impedance feeder 32 [] capacitive current feeder 1 [A] angle capacitive current feeder 1 [] .. .. capacitive current feeder 1 [A] angle capacitive current feeder 1 [] INFO 1025 1026 1027 1028 1029 1030 1031 1032 1033 1034 1035 1036 1037 1038 1039 1040
9.2.11 Manual search for earthfault

The following table shows the standard configuration of the measurands for the manual search.
configuration measurands channel 1 channel 2 status distance [%] CH1: value Io without EDC CH1: angle Io without EDC CH2: value Io without EDC CH2: angle Io without EDC CH1: value Io with EDC CH1: angle Io with EDC CH2: value Io with EDC CH2: angle Io with EDC value Vo without EDC angle Vo without EDC value Vo with EDC angle Vo with EDC INFO 1793 1794 1795 1796 1797 1798 1799 1800 1801 1802 1803 1804 1805 1806 1807 1808
1041 1042 1043 1044 1045 1046 1047 1048 1049 1050 1111 1112 1113 1114 1115 1116 1117 1118 1119 1120 1181 1182 1183 1184 1245 1246
The following standard settings may be changed for typing in the feeders resp. the performance of the manual search.
configuration commands channel 1 - feeder 1 channel 1 - feeder 2 ... channel 1 - feeder 32 channel 2 - feeder 1 channel 2 - feeder 2 ... channel 2 - feeder 32 Start - manual search Clear - manual search
INFO 1537 1538 ... 1568 1569 1570 ... 1600 1601 1602
If more further informations (e.g. interoperability list) are desired, please don`t hesitate to ask your Scada system manufacturer or Trench Austria.
9.3 Resistor control

Two different operation modes are available depending on the normal resistor circuit state (home position) in the sound network.
9.3.1 Temperature model

The temperature increase due to Vo2/R-losses are added to the actual resistor temperature, temperature decrease due to cooling is subtracted.
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EFD20 V1.18 June 2009
The resistor temperature is indicated as percentual value. The maximum value (100%) is the temperature, which the resistor reaches after continuous load at solid earthfault (Vo = 100%) during the set permissible duty time. The minimum value (0%) is the ambient temperature. When the maximum temperature is reached the controller will automatically set the command to switch off the resistor. Then the resistor control stays blocked until a reconnection is possible without exceeding the maximum temperature.
9.3.3 Home position ON

Manual resistor control
At each manual trigger the resistor is switched on with-out delay only for the adjusted Turn off delay 1 (see chapter 7 - parameter).
Automatic resistor control

The automatic resistor control is triggered, if the neutral to ground voltage Vo exceeds the adjusted earthfault voltage. The following parameters define the behaviour of the automatic resistor control.
Param eter Turn off delay 1 Turn off tim e 1 Turn off delay 2 Exam ple 1 1 2 3 Exam ple 2 1 2 0
9.3.2 Home position OFF

Manual resistor control
At each manual trigger the resistor is switched on with-out delay only for the adjusted Turn on time 1 (see chapter 7 - parameter).
Ex a m ple 1
Automatic resistor control

The automatic resistor control is triggered, if the neutral to ground voltage Vo exceeds the adjusted earthfault voltage. The following parameters define the behaviour of the automatic resistor control.
Parameter Turn on delay 1 Turn on time 1 Turn on delay 2 Turn on time 2 1 1 2 3 4 Example 2 1 2 0 4
Uearth
0 On Off
3 4 2 0 0
Ex a m ple 2 Uearth
Ex a m ple 1 On
On Off
Off 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1
Ex a m ple 2 On Off 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1
9.4 Control at earthfault

The neutral to ground voltage exceeds the adjusted earthfault voltage. The controller has already calculated the valid resonance point. If the neutral to ground voltage is still above the earthfault voltage after the delay, the controller adjusts the coil to the calculated resonance point.
Ex a m ple 3 On Off 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1
EFD20 V1.18 June 2009
Page 99 9 Options
9.5 External power switch

This option requires a signal from the transformer`s circuit breaker to a digital input of the EFD20. If the option is activated the controller adjusts the coil onto a predefined position, if the transformer is disconnected. If the transformer will be closed in, the controller starts a new tuning operation.
- If desired, the reclosing function can be blocked per feeder (active input function IF[ARU_BLOCK_PS1] for blocking the reclosing of feeder 1). - In case of a detected earthfault on the feeder after the second reclosing, the feeder will be finally disconnected from the busbar (refer to example 1). The reclosing function (resp. switch on command) of a faulty feeder is automatically blocked in case of manual (resp. external) closing in the faulty feeder and the discrimination time is adjusted bigger than zero. If the discrimination time is set to 0, the Automatic Reclosing Unit operates according to the settings of the concerning feeder. The operating behaviour of the Automatic reclosing unit is defined by the following parameters:
Parameter turn off delay turn on delay 1 turn on delay 2 Example 1 1 2 3 Example 2 1 2 0 Example 3 1 2 3
9.6 Fix coil control

If required by the network size this option enables the controller to activate an additional fix coil. The fix coil will be connected, if the adjustable coil is in a position above the Switching on point and will be disconnected, if it is in a position below the Switching off point. If the option is activated the lightning LED fixcoil on indicates that the controller has set the command to switch on the fix coil. The adjustment of lower and upper position limits should consider the size of fix coil in order to avoid instable behaviour of the tuning procedure.
9.7 Automatic reclosing unit

By means of this option an earthfault affected feeder will be disconnected from busbar and reclosed after the adjustable delays. The application of the Automatic reclosing unit is explained in the following example of feeder 1. - The output function OF[ARU_BB_1_PS1_OFF] is assigned to a digital output (PLC-file). The output contact is shortly closed (pulse command switch off) and initiates the opening of the circuit breaker of feeder 1 on busbar 1. If desired, all switch off commands can be blocked by active input function IF[ARU_QUIT] (PLC-file). - The output function OF[ARU_BB_1_PS1_OFF] generates an event to Scada system (communication with Scada system via serial interface) for opening of the corresponding circuit breaker. - The output function OF[ARU_BB_1_PS1_ON] initiates the reclosing of feeder 1.
Example 1 faulty feeder healthy feeder 0 CB is on CB is off 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
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EFD20 V1.18 June 2009

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Instruction manual

Earthfault Protection System EFD20

Revision page No. 1 - 18 June 2009

1-08 1-09 1-10

EFD20 V1.18 June 2009

page 1 revision page

1.8 1.9 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.14

1-08 1-09 1-10 1-11 1-12 1-14

1.3 1.5 1.7 1.3 1.7 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.14

1-03 1-05 1-07 1-03 1-07 1-10 1-11 1-12 1-14

page 2 revision page

EFD20 V1.18 June 2009

EFD20 V1.18 June 2009

EFD20 V1.18 June 2009

EFD20 V1.18 June 2009

Page 5 Table of contents

Page 6 Table of contents

EFD20 V1.18 June 2009

EFD20 V1.18 June 2009

Page 7 Table of contents

Page 8 Table of contents

EFD20 V1.18 June 2009

An important operation instruction, condition and so forth. Hint

1.1.3 Qualified personnel

1.1.2 Operating instructions

1.1.4 Additional hints

EFD20 V1.18 June 2009

1.2.3 Software options

1.2 Range of delivery

1.2.2 Hardware options

EFD20 V1.18 June 2009

2.3 Climate / protection degree

temperatures humidity protection class

2.2 Type tests

dis turbing em is s ion

radio noise voltage EN 55022, IEC 255-25

dis turbing im m unity lines

im puls e voltage EN 61000-4-5 only cable length > 10 m

voltage break IEC 60255-11

EFD20 V1.18 June 2009

page 11 2 Technical data

2.4 Interface cables

2.5 Check and replacement of fuses

P C / C o ntro ller => Modem

P C / C ontroller => Modem

page 12 2 Technical data

EFD20 V1.18 June 2009

EFD20 V1.18 June 2009

3.3 Scroll wheel

3.2 Operation concept

EFD20 V1.18 June 2009

3.4.3 Detection display

3.4.2 Controller display

EFD20 V1.18 June 2009

EFD20 V1.18 June 2009

EFD20 V1.18 June 2009

Ro1 ... Id1 ... Iv1 ... Vres1 ...

EFD20 V1.18 June 2009

3.4.4 Menu mode

3.4.5 Installed software version

EFD20 V1.18 June 2009

3.5 SPS - Editor

3.5.1 Help - Editor

yes / no yes / no yes / no _A _A

_________________________________ _ _________________________________

at: _ date: _