Drug Study: Salbutamol Name and Classification

Generic Name: Albuterol Brand Name: Salbuta mol, Proventil, Ventolin, Accuneb, airet, NovoSalbutamol, Proventil HFA, Gen-salbutamol, Ventodisk, Ventolin HFA, Volmax, VoSpira ER Classification: B ronchodilator (therapeutic); adrenergics (pharmacologic)

Indications 1.
To control and prevent reversible airway obstruction caused by asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD) Quick relief for bronchospa sm For the prevention of exerciseinduced bronchospa sm Longterm control agent for patients with chronic or persistent bronchospa sm

Mechanism of Action
It relieves nasal congestion and reversible bronchospasm by relaxing the smooth muscles of the bronchioles. The relief from nasal congestion and bronchospasm is made possible by the following mechanism that takes place when Salbutamol is administered. 1. First, it binds to the beta2-adrenergic receptors in the airway of the smooth muscle which then leads to the activation of the adenyl cyclase and increased levels of cyclic- 35adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). 2. When cAMP increases, kinases are activated. 3. Kinases inhibit the phosphorylation of myosin and decrease intracellular calcium. 4. Decreased in intracellular calcium will result to the relaxation of the smooth muscle airways.

Contraindications 1.
Hyp ersensitivi ty to adrenergi c amines Hyp ersensitivi ty to fluorocarb ons

Precaution 1.
Cardiac disease including coronary insufficiency, a history of stroke, coronary artery diseaseand cardiac arrhythmias Hypertensio n Hyperthyroid ism Diabetes Glaucoma Geriatric patients older individuals are at higher risk for adverse reactions and may require lower dosage Pregnancy especially near term Lactation Children less than 2 years of age because safety of its use has not been established Excess inhaler use which may lead to tolerance and paradoxical bronchospasm

Side Effects and Adverse Reactions 1.

ness Nervous Restles sness Tremor Headac he Insomni a Chest pain Palpitati ons Angina Arrhyth mias Hyperte nsion Nausea and vomiting Hypergl ycemia Hypokal emia

Route and Dosage

PO (Adults and Children more than 12 years): 2-4 mg 3-4 times a day or 4-8 mg of extended dose tablets twice a day. PO (Geriatric Patients): initial dose should not exceed 2 mg 3-4 times a day and may be increased carefully up to 32 mg/day PO (Children 6-12 years old): 2 mg 3-4 times a day or 4 mg as extended-release tablets twice a day; may be carefully increased as needed but not to exceed 24 mg/day PO (Children 2-6 years old): 0.1 mg/kg 3 times a day Inhalation (Adults and children more than 4 years of age): 2 inhalations every 4-6 hours Inhalation (Children 2-12 years old): 0.10.15 mg/kg/dose 3-4 times a day

Nursing Interventions 1.
Assess lung sounds, PR and BP before drug administration and during peak of medication. Observe fore paradoxical spasm and withhold medication and notify physician if condition occurs. Administer PO medications with meals to minimize gastric irritation. Extended-release tablet should be swallowed-whole. It should not be crushed or chewed. If administering medication through inhalation, allow at least 1 minute between inhalation of aerosol medication. Advise the patient to rinse mouth with water after each inhalation to minimize dry mouth. Inform the patient that Albuterol may cause an unusual or bad taste.

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