CH 7 & 8 Work & Kinetic Energy and Potential Energy

CH 7 Work and Kinetic Energy

Subject Relevant Equations Relationships

Work Done W=Fd
by A S.I= J (N•m) •Work is equal to 0 if distance d is equal to 0.
Constant 1 J = 1kg•m2/s2
Force Scalar quantity
Work done by a force is
W=FdcosΘ (i) The component or force in the direction of
S.I.=J displacement times the magnitude of
displacement.
(ii) The component of displacement in the
direction of the force times the magnitude
of the force.

Force at an
Angle to
Displacement
(i) Work is positive if the force has a
component in direction of motion (Θ<90°).
Negative (ii) Work is negative if Θ >90°.
Work and (iii) Work is zero if Θ=90°
Total Work
K=½mv2 •Whenever the total work done on an object is
positive, its speed increases.
S.I.=kg• m2/s2
•When negative, speed decreases.
or Joules, J •Kinetic energy is NEVER negative.
Wtotal = ΔKE
= ½mvf2-½mvi2
Kinetic and
Work Energy
Theorem
•Work done by a force in moving an object from x1
Work Done and x2 is equal to the corresponding area between the
by a Variable force one and the x axis.
Force
W=½kx2 •Work done by a spring can be positive or negative.
Spring S.I J, Joule
P=W/t
S.I= J/s or Watt, W
P=Fv
1 hp=746 W
Power
CH 7 & 8 Work & Kinetic Energy and Potential Energy

CH 8 Potential Energy and Conservative Forces

Subject Relevant Equations Relationships

Conservative Non Conservative
•Work done by a conservative force is •Work done by nonconservative
stored in the form of energy and released at Force cannot be recovered later
a later time. •Each conservative force has as kinetic energy.
its own potential energy. Examples of nonconservative
Examples are gravity and spring force. forces are friction and tension.
Definition 1: Conservative force does 0 total
Conservative work on a closed path.
and Definition 2: Work done by a conservative
Nonconservative force in going from point A to point B is
Forces independent of the path from A to B.
Wc=-ΔU
•Only conservative forces have a potential energy
S.I.= J
storage system.
Gravity:
Wc = mgy
vi=mgy+vf = Δv = mgy
Ui >Uf
Potential Energy U=mgh.
Gravity: Nonconservati
Wc=mgy Conservative ve
Gravity:
Ui = mgy + vf -ΔU = mgy
Wc=mgy
Ui > Uf Ui = mgy + vf -ΔU = mgy
U=mgh Ui > Uf
Springs U=mgh Friction
Wc=½kx2 Springs Wtotal=4µkmgd
U=½ kx2 Wc=½kx2 Tension
Wtotal=4µkmgd U=½ kx2 •Nonconservati
U depends on x2, which is ve forces
always positive. •Spring's change the
potential energy is always amount of
greater than or equal to 0 mechanical
Work Done by so it increase whenever energy in a
NC and C Forces displaced from equilibrium. system.
Peg=mgh •Gravitational potential energy only depends on the
height "y." But just because y increases, PE doesn't
necessarily increase.
•PE increases as an object is lifted higher.
Gravitational
Potential Energy
CH 7 & 8 Work & Kinetic Energy and Potential Energy
E=U + K •E is always conserved.
Conservation of v=√(2gh) In systems with a conservative force, only E is
Mechanical conserved. •E=U+ K = constant.
Energy