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CH 20 Electric Potential & Electric Potential Energy

Relevant
Subject Equations Relationships

Electric Potential Electric Potential Energy


W=-q0Ed
Electric ΔU= -W
Potential and •Depends on the sign of a charge as well as
Electric its magnitude.
Potential ΔV=ΔU/q0 =-W/q0 U=qV
Energy •S.I .J/C = V Volt •Decrease in electric
(Electric •Only CHANGES are measurable in electric potential energy appears as
Field) potential. an increase in kinetic
•Scalar Quantity energy (speed).
1eV=1.60 x 10-19 K •Positive charges
•Connection between Electric Field and accelerate in the direction
Electric Potential of decreasing electric
E=-ΔV/Δ S potential.
•S.I=V/m •Negative charges
1N/C = 1V/m accelerate in the direction
•Electric field depends on "the rate of change of increasing electric
of the electric potential with position" potential.

Electric Potential Electric Potential Energy


V=kq/r
S.I.=V
•V is change in potential of infinity to U=q0V = kq0q/r
Electric distance r. S.I= J
Potential and •Superposition: is the total electric •Electric potential energy of two
Electric potential due to two or more charges charges separated by an infinite
Potential and is equal to the algebraic sum of the distance is 0.
Energy of potentials due to each charge •When finding electric potential
Point separately. energy of more than two charges
Charges •Superposition can be calculated by just the total electric potential energy
adding various number, no vector is the sum of terms for U=kq1q2/r2
addition is needed. for each pair in the system.

•Closely spaced contours=rapidly changing altitudes.


•Widely spaced contours = flat surfaces.
•The terms "equipotential surfaces" and "equipotentials" are used to
refer to contours.
•Equipotential lines cannot intersect.
• Electric fields point in the direction of decreasing electric potential.
Equipotential •Electric fields are perpendicular to the equipotential surfaces.
Surfaces and
Electric Field
CH 20 Electric Potential & Electric Potential Energy
C=Q/V
S.I= C/V or
farad, F

Capacitors Capacitance
for Parallel
Plate •Capacitance depends on A(area) and d(separation).
Capacitators •Capacitance does NOT depend on the amont of charge on the
C=ε0A/d plates Q or the potential difference, V, rather the ration of Q and V.
•Capacitance is inversely proportional to both potential difference
and plate separation.
C=kε0A/d
Dielectric
Dielectrics constant
K
E=ε0/k Dielectrics are insulating materials used to increase capacitance

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