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Code 9A01304 II B.Tech I semester (R09) Regular Examinations, November 2010 FLUID MECHANICS Time: 3 hours
(Civil Engineering)

1
Answer any FIVE questions All questions carry equal marks Max Marks: 70

1. (a) Explain atmospheric, gauge and vacuum pressure with the help of a neat sketch. (b) A shaft of 80 mm diameter is being pushed through a bearing sleeve of 80.20 mm in diameter and 300 mm long. The clearance is lled with oil having kinematic viscosity of 0.005 m2 /sec and specic Gravity 0.90. If the shaft moves axially at 0.5m/see, nd the resistance oered by the oil on the shaft. 2. (a) Derive an expression for the depth of center of pressure from free surface of liquid of and inclined plane surface submerged in the liquid. (b) Find the horizontal and vertical components of the water pressure exerted an a Tainter gate of radius 4 m as shown in gure. Consider width of gate as unity.

3. (a) Describe the classication ows by giving example for each case. (b) Show that the ow is Continuous if the velocity components are U=xy, v=x2
y2 2

4. (a) What are the dierent forms of energy in a owing uid? Represent them schematically . (b) What is moment of momentum equation? Where this equation is used ? (c) A pipe line conveying water changes in area from 0.031 m2 at a section x-x to 0.124 m2 at a section y-y which is 3 m above section x-x. If the velocity and pressure at section x-x are 5 m / sec and 98.1 kpa, nd the velocity and pressure at section y-y. Ignore losses. 5. (a) Explain the concept of boundary layer. What are the various laws assumed for velocity distribution in laminar boundary layer? (b) How are drag and lift forces caused on a body immersed in a moving uid? 6. (a) Write a detailed note on i. Momentum Correction factor and ii. Energy Correction factor (b) How would you distinguish between hydrodynamically smooth and rough boundaries? 7. (a) Obtain expression for head loss in a sudden expansion in the pipe. List all the assumptions made in the derivation. (b) A pipe of diameter 25 cm and length 200 m connects two reservoirs having dierence of water level 25m. Determine the discharge through the Pipe if an additional pipe of diameter 25 cm and length 1000 m is attached to the last 1000 m length of the existing pipe, nd the increase in discharge. Take f= 0.015. Neglect minor losses. 8. (a) What is the principle on which orice meter works? Derive the equation for discharge through an orice meter. (b) What is broad crested weir? Find the condition for maximum discharge over a broad crested weir.

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Code 9A01304 II B.Tech I semester (R09) Regular Examinations, November 2010 FLUID MECHANICS Time: 3 hours
(Civil Engineering)

2
Answer any FIVE questions All questions carry equal marks Max Marks: 70

1. (a) Dierentiate between i. Absolute and gauge Pressure ii. Simple Manometer and Dierential manometer iii. Piezometer and pressure gauge. (b) Two large plane surfaces are 25 mm apart. This space is lled with glycerin of dynamic viscosity 0.804 Ns/m2 . Find what force is required to drag a very them plate of area 0.5 m2 between the two surfaces at a speed of 0.60 m/sec. i. If the plate is equidistant from the two surfaces. ii. If the plate is 10 mm from one of the surface. 2. (a) Prove that the center of Pressure of a completely submerged plane surface is always below the center of gravity of the submerged surface or utmost coincide with the center of gravity when the plane surface is horizontal. (b) A hollow circular plate of 2 m external diameter and 1 m internal diameter is immersed vertically in water such that the centre of plate is 4 m deep form water surface. Find the total Pressure and depth of centre of pressure. 3. (a) State and Explain continuity equation. Obtain an expression for continuity equation for a three dimensional ow. (b) It the velocity Potential function is given by =3x - 4y, nd the magnitude and direction of the velocity at any point 4. (a) State the momentum equation. How will you apply this equation for determining force exerted by a owing liquid on a pipe bend? (b) A pipe line carrying oil of specic gravity 0.8 changes in diameter form 300 mm at a point A to 500 mm diameter to a position B which is 5 m at a higher level. If the pressures at A and B are 19.62 N/cm2 and 14.91 N/cm2 respectively, and the discharge is 150 lit/sec, determine the loss of head and direction of ow. 5. (a) How will you determine whether a boundary layer ow is attached ow, detached ow or on the verge of separation? (b) What are the stagnation points? Where can they occur? What is the condition for single stagnation point? 6. (a) Dierentiate between Laminar and turbulent ow. Describe Reynolds experiment to demonstrate the two types of ow. (b) Prove that for viscous ow though circular pipe, the Kinetic energy correction factor is equal to 2 while the momentum correction factor is 4/3. 7. (a) Explain what do you mean by i. Pipes in series and ii. Pipes in parallel with the help of neat sketches. (b) A pipe of diameter 500 mm and 5000 m connects two reservoirs A and B. The dierence of the water levels of these reservoirs is 20m. Half way along the pipe there is a branch through which water can be discharged to a third reservoir C. Find the rate of ow to the reservoir B when i. No water is discharged to the reservoir C and ii. The discharge to the reservoir c is 0.05 m3 /sec . Take f= 0.0006, 8. (a) Describe the principle of venturimeter with a neat sketch. Derive the expression for rate of ow of uid through it. (b) Derive an expression for the error in discharge due to the error in the measurement of head over a rectangular notch.

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Code 9A01304 II B.Tech I semester (R09) Regular Examinations, November 2010 FLUID MECHANICS Time: 3 hours
(Civil Engineering)

3
Answer any FIVE questions All questions carry equal marks Max Marks: 70

1. (a) Explain the Phenomenon of Capillarity. Obtain an expression for Capillary rise of a liquid. (b) An open tank contains water for a depth of 2m and above it oil for a depth of 1m. If oil has a specic gravity of 0.8 nd the pressure intensity i. At the interface of the two liquids and ii. at the bottom of the tank. 2. (a) Prove that the vertical component of the resultant tank pressure on a submerged curved surface is equal to the weight of the liquid supported by the curved surface. (b) A Circular plate of diameter 3 m is immersed in water in such a way that its least and greatest depth from the free surface of water are 1 m and 3 m respectively. For the front side of the plate nd i. total force exerted by water and ii. the position of center of pressure. 3. (a) What is meant by Stream lines and Equipotential lines? Show that these two lines intersect orthogonally.
8 3 8 3 y and v = 8xy 3 + 3 x . (b) The velocity components of a two dimensional ow are u = 8x2 y 3 Show that these velocity components represent a Possible case of an irrotational ow.

4. (a) State and explain Bernoullis Theorem . Derive Bernoulli s equation from rst principle and state the assumptions made. (b) A 30 cm diameter Pipe carries water under a head of 15 m with a velocity of 4m/sec. If the axis of the pipe turns through 450 , nd the magnitude and direction of the resultant force at the bend. 5. (a) Dene i. Laminar boundary layer ii. Turbulent boundary layer iii. Laminar sub layer and iv. Boundary layer thickness. (b) Write short notes on Karman eect, Magnus eect and aerofoil. 6. (a) Show for viscous ow through a circular pipe the velocity distribution across the section is parabolic. Show that the mean velocity is equal to one half the maximum velocity. (b) Analyze the ow between parallel plates and ow through long pipes. 7. (a) For the two case of ow in a sudden contraction in a pipeline and ow in a sudden expansion in a pipe line, draw and explain the ow pattern, Piezometric grade line and total energy line. (b) Two reservoirs are connected by three pipes laid in parallel, their respective diameters being d, 2d and 3d. They are all of same length l. IF f is same for all the pipes, nd the discharge through the larger pipes if the discharge through the smallest is 0.05 m3 /sec. 8. (a) What is Pitot tube? How will you determine the velocity at any point with the help of a pitot tube? (b) A broad crested weir of length 40 m has 40mm height of water above its crest i. Find the maximum discharge. Take Cd = 0.6 Neglect velocity of approach. And ii. If the velocity of approach is to be taken into account, nd the maximum discharge when the channel has a cross sectional area of 40 m2 on the upstream side.

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Code 9A01304 II B.Tech I semester (R09) Regular Examinations, November 2010 FLUID MECHANICS Time: 3 hours
(Civil Engineering)

4
Answer any FIVE questions All questions carry equal marks Max Marks: 70

1. (a) What is Surface Tension? Derive the relation between surface tension and pressure inside a droplet in excess of outside pressure. (b) A single column vertical manometer is connected to a pipe containing oil of specic gravity 0.9. The area of the reservoir is 80 times the area of the manometer tube .The reservoir contains mercury of specic gravity 13.6 The level of mercury in the reservoir is at a height of 30 cm below the center of the pipe and dierence of mercury in the centre of the pipe and right limb is 50 cm. Find the pressure in the pipe. 2. (a) Explain how you would nd the resultant pressure on a curved surface immersed in a liquid . (b) A vertical semi circular area of radius r is submerged in a liquid such that its diameter is at the liquid surface. Find the depth of center of pressure. 3. (a) Explain velocity potential function and stream function. What is the signicance of them? (b) The velocity components in a two dimensional in compressible ow are u = y 3 + 6x 3x2 y ; 3yx2 6y x3 i. Is the ow continuous? ii. Is the ow irrotational ? and iii. In case the ow is irrotational ,nd the potential function and the stream function. 4. (a) What is Eulers equation of motion, Derive the equation starting from fundamentals. (b) A pipe of 200 mm diameter conveying 0.18 m3 /sec of water has a 900 bend in a horizontal plane. The pressure intensities at inlet ant outlet of the bend are 290 KPa and 280 Kpa. Find the resultant force exerted by water an the bend. 5. (a) Write short notes on displacement thickness. (b) Write a detailed note on Prandtl Theory and Vonkarman Integral Equation. 6. (a) What is Hagen Poiseuille Equation? Derive the equation. (b) For the laminar ow through circular pipes prove that i. the shear stress variation across the section of the pipe is linear and ii. the velocity variation is parabolic. 7. (a) Show that for maximum power transmission, the head lost due to friction is equal to one third the head at inlet. (b) Two reservoirs have a dierence of level of 12 m and are connected by a pipe line 600 mm diameter 2500 m long feeding a junction from which two pipes of 300 mm diameter and 2500 m long lead in parallel to the lower reservoirs. Taking f=0.01, Calculate the total discharge Neglect secondary losses. 8. (a) Discuss the classication of orices and mouth pieces in detail. (b) Write a detailed note on velocity of approach and end contraction.

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