IRREGULAR VERBS

Ricardo Schtz Embora os verbos irregulares se constituam numa pequena minoria em relao a todos os verbos existentes na lngua, a freqncia com que ocorrem muito alta, o que lhes d uma importncia significativa. So todos de origem anglo-saxnica e se referem predominantemente a aes comuns. Os verbos irregulares do ingls so aqueles verbos que no seguem a regra geral de formao do Passado e do Particpio Passado. A formao do Past e do Past Participle, de acordo com a regra geral, que se aplica a todos os demais verbos, se d atravs do sufixo -ed. Portanto, todo verbo que no seguir este padro, ser classificado de irregular. interessante notar que a irregularidade dos verbos em ingls manifesta-se apenas nas formas do Past e do Past Participle, e no na conjugao dos mesmos, como em portugus. Os nicos verbos do ingls que tm tambm uma conjugao irregular so o verbo to be e os verbos auxiliares modais (can, may, might, shall, should, must, etc.). interessante notar tambm que, com relao a freqncia de ocorrncia, o Past mais importante para o aluno do que o Past Participle. Enquanto que o Past representa uma das estruturas gramaticais bsicas, o Past Participle ocorre apenas no Perfect Tense, na formao da Voz Passiva (veja aqui sobre o uso da Voz Passiva), e na forma adjetivada do verbo. Exemplos: Have you heard the news? - Perfect Tense Toyotas are made in Japan. - Passive Voice English is a widely spoken language. - Adjective Ns aqui classificamos as formas irregulares dos verbos como uma questo de vocabulrio, uma vez que as mesmas no interferem na estruturao das frases; e do ponto de vista do aprendizado, o aluno deve assimilar essas formas da mesma maneira que assimila vocabulrio.

Base Form
------arise awake be bear beat become befall beget begin behold bend bet bid

Past Tense
------arose awoke was, were bore beat became befell begot began beheld bent bet bid

Past Participle
--------------arisen awoken been borne beaten become befallen begotten, begot begun beheld bent bet bid

Portuguese Translation
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surgir, erguer-se despertar ser, estar suportar, ser portador de bater tornar-se acontecer procriar, gerar comear contemplar curvar apostar oferecer, fazer uma oferta

bind bite bleed blow break breed bring broadcast build buy cast catch choose cling come cost creep cut deal dig do draw drink drive eat fall feed feel fight find flee fling fly forbid forget forgive freeze get give go grind grow have hear hide hit hold hurt keep know lay assentar lead leave lend let lie lose make mean meet overcome overtake pay put quit read ride

bound bit bled blew broke bred brought broadcast built bought cast caught chose clung came cost crept cut dealt dug did drew drank drove ate fell fed felt fought found fled flung flew forbade forgot forgave froze got gave went ground grew had heard hid hit held hurt kept knew laid led left lent let lay lost made meant met overcame overtook paid put quit read rode

bound bitten bled blown broken bred brought broadcast built bought cast caught chosen clung come cost crept cut dealt dug done drawn drunk driven eaten fallen fed felt fought found fled flung flown forbidden forgot, forgotten forgiven frozen gotten, got given gone ground grown had heard hidden, hid hit held hurt kept known laid led left lent let lain lost made meant met overcome overtaken paid put quit read ridden

unir, encadernar, obrigar-se morder sangrar, ter hemorragia assoprar, explodir quebrar procriar, reproduzir trazer irradiar, transmitir construir comprar atirar, deitar pegar, capturar escolher aderir, segurar-se vir custar rastejar cortar negociar, tratar cavocar fazer ** tracionar, desenhar ** beber dirigir, ir de carro comer cair alimentar sentir, sentir-se lutar achar, encontrar fugir, escapar arremessar voar, pilotar proibir esquecer perdoar congelar, paralisar obter ** dar ir moer crescer, cultivar ter, beber, comer ouvir esconder bater segurar machucar guardar, manter saber, conhecer colocar em posio horizontal, liderar deixar, partir dar emprestado deixar, alugar deitar perder, extraviar fazer, fabricar ** significar, querer dizer encontrar, conhecer superar alcanar, surpreender pagar colocar abandonar ler andar

ring rang rise rose run ran saw sawed say said see saw seek sought sell sold send sent set set marcar, ajustar ** shake shook shed shed shine shone shoot shot show showed shrink shrank shut shut sing sang sink sank sit sat slay slew sleep slept slide slid sling slung speak spoke spend spent spin spun spit spit, spat spread spread spring sprang stand stood steal stole stick stuck sting stung stink stank strike struck string strung strive strove swear swore sweep swept swim swam swing swung take took teach taught tear tore tell told think thought throw threw tread trod undergo underwent understand understood uphold upheld wear wore win won wind wound write wrote

rung risen run sawn said seen sought sold sent set shaken shed shone shot shown shrunk shut sung sunk sat slain slept slid slung spoken spent spun spit, spat spread sprung stood stolen stuck stung stunk struck strung striven sworn swept swum swung taken taught torn told thought thrown trodden undergone understood upheld worn won wound written

tocar (campainha, etc.) subir, erguer-se correr, concorrer, dirigir serrar dizer ver procurar obter, objetivar vender mandar pr em determinada condio, sacudir, tremer soltar, deixar cair ** brilhar, reluzir atirar, alvejar mostrar, exibir encolher, contrair fechar, cerrar cantar afundar, submergir sentar matar, assassinar dormir deslizar, escorregar atirar, arremessar falar gastar fiar, rodopiar cuspir espalhar fazer saltar parar de p, agentar roubar cravar, fincar, enfiar picar (inseto) cheirar mal golpear, desferir, atacar encordoar, amarrar esforar-se, lutar jurar, prometer, assegurar varrer nadar balanar, alternar tomar ** ensinar, dar aula rasgar, despedaar contar pensar atirar, arremessar pisar, trilhar submeter-se a, suportar entender sustentar, apoiar, defender vestir, usar, gastar vencer, ganhar enrolar, rodar, dar corda escrever, redigir