List of antibiotics

Generic name Amikacin Gentamicin Kanamycin Neomycin Netilmicin Tobramycin Paromomycin Spectinomycin Geldanamycin Herbimycin Rifaximin, streptomycin Xifaxan Brand names Amikin Garamycin Kantrex Neo-Fradin[3] Netromycin Nebcin Humatin Trobicin Antibiotics by class Common uses[2] Possible side effects[2] Aminoglycosides Infections caused by Gramnegative bacteria, such as Escherichia coli and Klebsiella particularly Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Effective against Aerobic bacteria (not obligate/facultative anaerobes) and tularemia. Gonorrhea Ansamycins Experimental, as antitumor antibiotics Traveler's diarrhea caused by E. coli Carbacephem Discontinued Carbapenems Ertapenem Doripenem Imipenem/Cilastatin Meropenem Invanz Doribax Primaxin Merrem

Mechanism of action Binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit (some work by binding to the 50S subunit), inhibiting the translocation of the peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site and also causing misreading of mRNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth.

Hearing loss Vertigo Kidney damage

Loracarbef

Lorabid

prevents bacterial cell division by inhibiting cell wall synthesis. Gastrointestinal upset and diarrhea Nausea Seizures Inhibition of cell wall synthesis Headache Rash and allergic reactions

Bactericidal for both Grampositive and Gram-negative organisms and therefore useful for empiric broad-spectrum antibacterial coverage. (Note MRSA resistance to this class.)

Cefadroxil

Duricef

Cephalosporins (First generation) Good coverage against Gram Gastrointestinal upset and Same mode of action as other beta-

Cefazolin Cefalotin or Cefalothin Cefalexin Cefaclor Cefamandole Cefoxitin Cefprozil Cefuroxime Cefixime Cefdinir Cefditoren Cefoperazone Cefotaxime Cefpodoxime Ceftazidime Ceftibuten Ceftizoxime Ceftriaxone

Ancef Keflin (discontinued) Keflex Distaclor Mandol (discontinued) Mefoxin (discontinued) Cefzil Ceftin, Zinnat (UK) Suprax Omnicef, Cefdiel Spectracef Cefobid (discontinued) Claforan Vantin Fortaz Cedax Cefizox (discontinued) Rocephin

positive infections.

diarrhea Nausea (if alcohol taken concurrently) Allergic reactions

lactam antibiotics: disrupt the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls.

Cephalosporins (Second generation)

Less gram positive cover, improved gram negative cover.

Gastrointestinal upset and diarrhea Nausea (if alcohol taken concurrently) Allergic reactions

Same mode of action as other betalactam antibiotics: disrupt the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls.

Cephalosporins (Third generation)

Improved coverage of Gram negative organisms, except Pseudomonas. Reduced Gram positive cover.

Gastrointestinal upset and diarrhea Nausea (if alcohol taken concurrently) Allergic reactions

Same mode of action as other betalactam antibiotics: disrupt the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls.

Cefepime

Maxipime

Cephalosporins (Fourth generation) Gastrointestinal upset and diarrhea Covers pseudomonal infections. Nausea (if alcohol taken concurrently)

Same mode of action as other betalactam antibiotics: disrupt the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls.

Allergic reactions

Ceftaroline fosamil

Teflaro

Ceftobiprole

Zeftera

Cephalosporins (Fifth generation) Gastrointestinal upset and Same mode of action as other betadiarrhea lactam antibiotics: disrupt the Used to treat MRSA Allergic reaction synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. Gastrointestinal upset and diarrhea Same mode of action as other beta Nausea (if alcohol taken lactam antibiotics: disrupt the Used to treat MRSA concurrently) synthesis of the peptidoglycan Allergic reactions layer of bacterial cell walls. Glycopeptides Active against aerobic and anaerobic Gram positive bacteria including MRSA; Vancomycin is used orally for the treatment of C. difficile Lincosamides Serious staph-, pneumo-, and streptococcal infections in Possible C. difficile-related penicillin-allergic patients, also pseudomembranous enterocolitis anaerobic infections; clindamycin topically for acne Lipopeptide

Teicoplanin Vancomycin Telavancin

Targocid (UK) Vancocin Vibativ

inhibiting peptidoglycan synthesis

Clindamycin Lincomycin

Cleocin Lincocin

Bind to 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomal RNA thereby inhibiting protein synthesis

Daptomycin

Cubicin

Gram-positive organisms

Bind to the membrane and cause rapid depolarization, resulting in a loss of membrane potential leading to inhibition of protein, DNA and RNA synthesis

Macrolides Azithromycin Clarithromycin Zithromax, Sumamed, Xithrone Biaxin Streptococcal infections, syphilis, upper respiratory tract infections, lower respiratory tract infections, mycoplasmal Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea (especially at higher doses) Prolonged QT interval inhibition of bacterial protein biosynthesis by binding reversibly to the subunit 50S of the bacterial ribosome, thereby inhibiting

Dirithromycin Erythromycin Roxithromycin Troleandomycin Telithromycin Spiramycin

Dynabac (discontinued) Erythocin, Erythroped Tao (discontinued) Ketek Rovamycine

infections, Lyme disease

(especially erythromycin) translocation of peptidyl tRNA. Jaundice

Pneumonia Mouth infections

Visual Disturbance, Liver Toxicity.[4] Monobactams

Aztreonam

Azactam Nitrofurans Bacterial or protozoal diarrhea or enteritis Urinary tract infections Oxazolidonones

Same mode of action as other betalactam antibiotics: disrupt the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls.

Furazolidone Nitrofurantoin

Furoxone Macrodantin, Macrobid

Linezolid Posizolid Radezolid Torezolid

Zyvox Phase II clinical trials Phase II clinical trials Phase II clinical trials Novamox, Amoxil Principen

VRSA

Thrombocytopenia Peripheral neuropathy Protein synthesis inhibitor; prevents the initiation step

Amoxicillin Ampicillin

Penicillins Wide range of infections; penicillin used for streptococcal infections, syphilis, and Lyme

Gastrointestinal upset and Same mode of action as other betadiarrhea lactam antibiotics: disrupt the Allergy with serious synthesis of the peptidoglycan

(discontinued) Azlocillin Carbenicillin Cloxacillin Dicloxacillin Geocillin (discontinued) Tegopen (discontinued) Dynapen (discontinued) Floxapen (Sold to European generics Actavis Group) Mezlin (discontinued) Staphcillin (discontinued) Unipen (discontinued) Prostaphlin (discontinued) Pentids (discontinued) Veetids (PenVee-K) (discontinued) Pipracil (discontinued) Pfizerpen Negaban (UK) (discontinued) Ticar (discontinued) Augmentin Unasyn

disease

anaphylactic reactions layer of bacterial cell walls. Brain and kidney damage (rare)

Flucloxacillin

Mezlocillin Methicillin Nafcillin Oxacillin Penicillin G Penicillin V Piperacillin Penicillin G Temocillin Ticarcillin Amoxicillin/clavulanate Ampicillin/sulbactam

Penicillin combinations The second component prevents bacterial resistance to the first

Piperacillin/tazobactam Ticarcillin/clavulanate

Zosyn Timentin Polypeptides

component

Bacitracin

Colistin

Coly-Mycin-S

Polymyxin B

Inhibits isoprenyl pyrophosphate, a molecule that carries the building blocks of the peptidoglycan bacterial cell wall outside of the Eye, ear or bladder infections; inner membrane [5] usually applied directly to the Interact with the gram negative eye or inhaled into the lungs; bacterial outer membrane and rarely given by injection, Kidney and nerve damage (when cytoplasmic membrane. It although the use of intravenous given by injection) displaces bacterial counter ions, colistin is experiencing a which destabilizes the outer resurgence due to the membrane. They act like a emergence of multi drug detergent against the cytoplasmic resistant organisms. membrane, which alters its permeability. Polymyxin B and E are bactericidal even in an isosmotic solution. Quinolones

Ciprofloxacin Enoxacin Gatifloxacin Levofloxacin Lomefloxacin Moxifloxacin Nalidixic acid Norfloxacin Ofloxacin Trovafloxacin Grepafloxacin Sparfloxacin Temafloxacin

Cipro, Ciproxin, Ciprobay Penetrex Tequin Levaquin Maxaquin Avelox NegGram Noroxin Floxin, Ocuflox Trovan Raxar Zagam Omniflox

Urinary tract infections, bacterial prostatitis, communityacquired pneumonia, bacterial inhibit the bacterial DNA gyrase or diarrhea, mycoplasmal Nausea (rare), irreversible the topoisomerase IV enzyme, infections, gonorrhea damage to central nervous system thereby inhibiting DNA replication (uncommon), tendinosis (rare) and transcription. Withdrawn Withdrawn Withdrawn Withdrawn

Sulfonamides Mafenide Sulfacetamide Sulfadiazine Silver sulfadiazine Sulfadimethoxine Sulfamethizole Sulfamethoxazole Sulfanilimide (archaic) Sulfasalazine Sulfisoxazole TrimethoprimSulfamethoxazole (Cotrimoxazole) (TMP-SMX) Sulfonamidochrysoidine (archaic) Demeclocycline Doxycycline Minocycline Oxytetracycline Sulfamylon Sulamyd, Bleph10 Micro-Sulfon Silvadene Di-Methox, Albon Thiosulfil Forte Gantanol Azulfidine Gantrisin Bactrim, Septra Prontosil Tetracyclines Declomycin Vibramycin Minocin Terramycin

Urinary tract infections (except sulfacetamide, used for eye infections, and mafenide and silver sulfadiazine, used topically for burns)

Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea Allergy (including skin rashes) Crystals in urine Kidney failure Decrease in white blood cell count Sensitivity to sunlight

Folate synthesis inhibition. They are competitive inhibitors of the enzyme dihydropteroate synthetase, DHPS. DHPS catalyses the conversion of PABA (paraaminobenzoate) to dihydropteroate, a key step in folate synthesis. Folate is necessary for the cell to synthesize nucleic acids (nucleic acids are essential building blocks of DNA and RNA), and in its absence cells will be unable to divide.

Tetracycline

Syphilis, chlamydial infections, Lyme disease, mycoplasmal infections, acne rickettsial infections, *malaria *Note: Sumycin, Malaria is caused by a protist Achromycin V, and not a bacterium. Steclin

Gastrointestinal upset Sensitivity to sunlight Potential toxicity to mother and fetus during pregnancy Enamel hypoplasia (staining of teeth; potentially permanent) transient depression of bone growth

inhibiting the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to the mRNAribosome complex. They do so mainly by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit in the mRNA translation complex.

Drugs against mycobacteria Clofazimine Dapsone Capreomycin Lamprene Avlosulfon Capastat Antileprotic Antileprotic Antituberculosis

Cycloserine Ethambutol Ethionamide Isoniazid Pyrazinamide Rifampicin (Rifampin in US) Rifabutin Rifapentine Streptomycin Arsphenamine

Seromycin Myambutol Trecator I.N.H. Aldinamide Rifadin, Rimactane Mycobutin Priftin

Antituberculosis, urinary tract infections Antituberculosis Antituberculosis Antituberculosis Antituberculosis mostly Gram-positive and mycobacteria

Inhibits peptide synthesis

Salvarsan

Chloramphenicol

Chloromycetin

Fosfomycin Fusidic acid

Monurol Fucidin

Reddish-orange sweat, tears, and Binds to the subunit of RNA urine polymerase to inhibit transcription rash, discolored urine, GI Mycobacterium avium complex symptoms Antituberculosis Antituberculosis Neurotoxicity, ototoxicity As other aminoglycosides Others Spirochaetal infections (obsolete) meningitis, MRSA, topical use, or for low cost internal Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis treatment. Historic: typhus, Rarely: aplastic anemia. by binding to the 50S subunit of cholera. gram negative, gram the ribosome positive, anaerobes Inactivates enolpyruvyl transferase, Acute cystitis in women thereby blocking cell wall synthesis Produces toxic free radicals which disrupt DNA and proteins. This Infections caused by anaerobic Discolored urine, headache, non-specific mechanism is bacteria; also amoebiasis, metallic taste, nausea ; alcohol is responsible for its activity against a trichomoniasis, Giardiasis contraindicated variety of bacteria, amoebae, and protozoa. Inhibits isoleucine t-RNA Ointment for impetigo, cream synthetase (IleRS) causing for infected cuts inhibition of protein synthesis

Metronidazole

Flagyl

Mupirocin Platensimycin Quinupristin/Dalfopristin

Bactroban

Synercid

Thiamphenicol

A chloramphenicol analog. May Gram-negative, Gram-positive, Rash. Lacks known anemic side- inhibit bacterial protein synthesis anaerobes. widely used in effects. by binding to the 50S subunit of veterinary medicine. the ribosome Indicated for complicated skin/skin structure Tigacyl infections and complicated intra-abdominal infections. || Teeth discoloration. || upset stomach, bitter taste, and itchiness

Tigecycline

Tinidazole Trimethoprim Generic Name

Tindamax protozoan infections Fasigyn Proloprim, Urinary Tract Infections Trimpex Brand Names Common Uses[2]

Possible Side Effects[2]

Mechanism of action