Lesson 8: Compare and Contrast Language for graphs

The purpose of this lesson is to introduce you to compare and contrast language which is needed to write about graphs. To begin, take a look at the graph below. 1. Which country has the highest level of pollution? 2. Which country has the lowest?

The country with the higest level of pollution is USA and the country with the lowest is New Zealand.

Comparative and Superlative Adjectives

Being able to compare and contrast data is an essential skill for IELTS writing, especially in Task 1. Comparatives and superlatives are one common way to do this. Comparatives are used to compare two things: Leopards are faster than tigers. Superlatives are used to compare one thing against a group of others:

The leopard is the largest of the four big cats. Here are the basics of how they are formed: Example Comparative Superlative Word high higher the highest more productive productive less productive wealthy hot good wealthier hotter better the least productive the wealthiest the hottest the best the most productive

Words with one syllable Words with three syllables or more Words ending in y Short words ending with a consonant/vowel/consonant Irregular

Other Important Language

Comparatives and superlatives are useful to compare and contrast, but they won't be enough. Here are some other useful words and structures: Transitions 1. The Middle East produces high levels of oil; however, Japan produces none. 2. The USA produces large amounts of natural gas. In contrast, South Korea produces none. 3. European countries make great use of solar power. On the other hand, most Asian countries us this method of power generation very little. Subordinating Conjunctions 1. The Middle East produces high levels of oil, whereas / while Japan produces none. 2. Whereas / While the Middle East produces high levels of oil, Japan produces none. 3. Although the Middle East produced 100 tons oil, Japan produced none. Other Structures 1. Developing countries are more reliant on alternative energy production than developed countries. 2. Solar power accounts for far less of the total energy production than gas or coal does.

3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Hydropower is not as efficient as wind power. Like Japan, South Korea does not produce any natural gas. The Middle East produces twice as much oil as Europe. Western countries consume three times more oil than the Middle East. Russia consumes slightly more oil than Germany. The UAE produced the same amount of oil as Saudi Arabia.

Using Approximate Data

When you compare and contrast, you also need to learn phrases so you can refer to data that is not exact. For example: 7.1 65.6 just over 7 million tonnes approximately 7 million tonnes nearly 70 million tonnes almost 70 million tonnes

Compare and Contrast Language Practice

Look at the table below. What is being compared?

Natural Gas Consumption and Production, 2001 Consumption* Country The USA The United Kingdom The Former Soviet Union The UAE Australia Japan New Zealand South Korea China 588.9 86.1 7.1 30.0 19.1 68.6 4.9 18.9 24.3 Production* 500.0 97.3 0.4 35.9 28.0 0 5.1 0 25.0 *in millions of tonnes

Look at the compare and contrast language in the drop down box and choose the correct word to complete the sentences. 1. New Zealand consumed the _____________ gas at approximately 5 million tonnes. 2. The former Soviet Union produced the____________ amount at 0.4 million tonnes. 3. The USA was________________ the consumer and producer of gas at 600 million tonnes and 500 respectively. 4. The USA consumed and produced____________ natural gas than any other country. 5. South Korea produced 18.9 millions tonnes of gas;_______ , it consumed none. 6. Chinas consumption and production of oil were __________at 24.3 and 25.0 respectively. 7. The USA, the Former Soviet Union, Japan and South Korea all consumed more gas___________ they produced. 8. Australia consumed four_____ gas than New Zealand. 9. _______Zealand produced 5.1 million tonnes of gas, South Korea produced none. 10. New Zealand consumed________ 5 million tonnes of gas.
1. least 2. lowest 3. biggest 4. far more 5. however 6. nearly the same 7. than 8. times more 9. While 10. just under