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The bearing capacity of soil is the maximum average contact pressure between the foundation and the soil which should not produce shear failure in the soil. Ultimate bearing capacity is the theoretical maximum pressure which can be supported without failure; allowable bearing capacity is the ultimate bearing capacity multiplied by a factor of safety. Sometimes, on soft soil sites, large settlements may occur under loaded foundations without actual shear failure occurring; in such cases, the allowable bearing capacity is based on the maximum allowable settlement. There are three modes of failure that limit bearing capacity: general shear failure, local shear failure, and punching shear failure.
Contents
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1 Introduction 2 General shear failure 3 Terzaghi's Bearing Capacity Theory 4 Factor of Safety 5 Meyerhofs's Bearing Capacity theory 6 See also 7 References 8 External links
Introduction[edit]
A foundation is the part of a structure which transmits the weight of the structure to the ground. All structures constructed on land are supported on foundations. A foundation is, therefore, a connecting link between the structure proper and the ground which supports it.
where
c is the effective cohesion. zD is the vertical effective stress at the depth the foundation is laid. is the effective unit weight when saturated or the total unit weight when not fully saturated. B is the width or the diameter of the foundation. is the effective internal angle of friction. Kp is obtained graphically. Simplifications have been made to eliminate the need for Kp. One such was done by Coduto, given below, and it is accurate to within 10%.[1]
For foundations that exhibit the local shear failure mode in soils, Terzaghi suggested the following modifications to the previous equations. The equations are given below. For square foundations:
, the modified bearing capacity factors, can be calculated by using the bearing capacity factors equations(for , respectively) by replacing the effective internal angle of friction by a value equal to
[2]
Factor of Safety[edit]
Calculating the gross allowable-load bearing capacity of shallow foundations requires the application of a factor of safety(FS) to the gross ultimate bearing capacity, or:
[2]
Where: