7.

7.1

Potable Water
General
The objective of the potable water supply system is to provide a safe, sustainable, efficient, cost effective, and continuous supply of potable water to project plots.

7.2

Scope of Work
The Kier scope of work for the potable water network extends from the new connection to the existing 500mm diameter main along the southern side of the base (outside gate 32) to the water meter box in front of each building. This includes: The connection to existing main The potable water and fire reservoir and pump station All isolation and air valves and their chambers on the network The connection of the main network to a single house connection chamber at each building

Where plot chambers have not been completed Kier will finish with a blank cap. The house connection chambers, valves and meters are by others.

7.3

Design Codes and Standards

The proposed potable water supply system shall be developed in accordance with: Guide to the Water Supply Regulations (2009); Regulation and Supervisory Bureau. Sustainability Policy and Framework Document, UPC (2010). ADWEA Standard Specifications for Water Works (2009). ADWEA Standard Detail Drawings for Water Works (2009). ADDC Water Distribution Planning Code. Rev.3 (2010) The Unified facilities criteria (UFC) for water supply in military

The proposed Design Criteria given in the sections below provide a range of acceptable values for the principal design parameters used to conform to the requirements of the above standards and design codes.

7.4
7.4.1

Design Criteria
Water Consumption and Demand
Building design flows which have been provided to Kier have been calculated on the basis of plumbing fittings contained within the individual buildings. This approach is valid for the design of sanitary pipework within buildings, as it relates to possible peak flows within the building, but is not directly transferable to public realm (Municipal) potable water and sewerage networks. Public realm potable water network design is based on population data. In the absence of clear population data the best information available is that provided within the Infrastructure
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Design Criteria for the sizing of the Sewer Treatment Plant (STP). This is shown in Table 7.1 below:

Item

Source

Capita

Occasion

Average Sewage Flow (m3/day)

1 2

Accommodations, officers / soldiers Visitors, non residentially facilities Kitchen, meals / dish washing, Central Laundry Occasional events

2000 200

Full day + night Full day + partly night Daily Use Daily Use Full day + partly night

550 20

3 4 5

500 600 800

40 54 included

6 7 8 9 10

Common Household Wastewater Wash bays Hangar facilities Fire fighting foam discharge Industrial Wastewater

664
4 washings/day

72 4 See note below 76

740 m3/day

Total Average Wastewater Flow to STP

Table 7-1 Sewage Load

Sewer flows are typically taken as 90% of domestic potable water demands. For the preliminary design of the water network Atkins have adopted a total water demand of 740/0.9 = 822m3/day. Note that water supplies to the aqueous fire fighting foam discharge tank and sprinkler system tanks will also be from the potable water network. These will not be considered in the design of the sewer network as the filling of these will only be occasional events, and can be done at off peak times. 7.4.2

Peak Demand Factor and Water Losses/Leakage

According to ADWEA standards, the daily peak factor takes a value between 1.25 and 1.50 whereas the hourly peak factor for populations of less than 5,000 ranges between 3.0 and 3.5 The Sweihan water network is a relatively small, isolated network with a population significantly lower than 5,000 and with some uncertainty in the demand loading. A peak hourly demand (PHD) factor of 3.5 will be applied. ADDC typically require the application of an additional factor (normally 10%) for network losses. A 10% factor is proposed for Sweihan, giving a total daily demand of 905m3/day.

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7.4.3

Potable Water Reservoir

The potable water reservoir is required to provide storage for the following uses: Potable water demand Fire hydrant network demand District Cooling Plant makeup water demands

Storage is required to provide the following functions: To balance downstream diurnal variations in demand with relatively constant rates of inflow mainly during high demand flows To balance pumped inflows and pumped outflows at forwarding stations To provide contingency storage in the event of a failure in transmission upstream or during maintenance To provide damping effect so that small fluctuations are not reflected

ADWEA standards require the storage capacity to be within the following range: Minimum capacity Maximum capacity 1 x average daily consumption + fire fighting reserve 2 x average daily consumption + fire fighting reserve

Other ADWEA requirements for reservoirs include: The storage tank shall have a minimum of two sections that can be isolated The reservoirs shall have a by-pass arrangement.

The contract requirements (Volume lV Part 1: Infrastructure Design Criteria) stipulate the provision of a pressure regulating valve in the incoming water main to prevent inflows to the storage reservoir starving the water supply. 7.4.4

Pumps
The contract requirements (Volume lV Part 1: Infrastructure Design Criteria) for pumps include: They shall be designed for a 25yr life They shall have a minimum of 85% efficiency at the design duty point They shall have a shut-off head of at least 20% higher than the head at the design duty point

7.4.5

Pipe Material Requirements

ADDC material requirements are: 1. For pipelines: DI HDPE PE 100 with minimum SDR11, PN16

2. For Service connections Up to 63mm NB Above 63mm NB MDPE HDPE

3. For fittings and pipelines within pumpstations DI ISO 2531, PN16

Ductile iron fittings and pumpstation pipework shall have a 300 micron, fusion bonded, epoxy coating inside and outside.
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7.4.6

Residual Head
Normal ADWEA requirements are for all properties to incorporate a minimum of 24hrs storage. A minimum pressure of 1.5 bars at peak demand, in accordance with ADDC requirements, will be provided at the connection chamber of each building. This provides sufficient pressure to supply the building water tanks. The maximum head should not exceed 6.0 bars (at any demand).

7.4.7

Velocity Limitation
ADWEA velocity requirements are set out in table 7-2 below: Pipeline Type Minimum (operational ) (m/s) Maximum (Design/operational) (m/s) Distribution Pipeline Secondary Pipeline Primary/Pressure Ring Pipeline 0.3 0.3 0.3 1.2 1.5 2.0

Table 7-2 Design/Operational Velocities

7.4.8

Water Quality
The contract Requirements (Volume lV Part 1: Infrastructure Design Criteria) require that water quality in the potable water network be modelled. If this shows that water quality in the reservoir or potable water network will drop below standards (typically a chlorine residual of 0.2mg/l) then additional disinfection methods are to be considered.

7.4.9

Cover
The minimum cover to distribution and trunk mains shall be as follows: Without protection 1.0 m (depth to top of pipe) With protection 0.5 m ( depth to top of protection)

7.4.10

Valve Chambers
All valves shall be located in positions that are easily accessible and shall be housed in chambers constructed of reinforced concrete to the internal dimensions given in the ADWEA Standards. Air release valves or service connections shall be installed at high points or changes in grade in the pipe(s) to remove accumulated air. The maximum length of pipeline served by one air valve shall not exceed 800m. Washout valves shall be installed at the low points. The maximum length of pipeline served by one washout valve shall not exceed 1500m. ADWEA Guidelines shall be followed for the installation of isolating valves: Maximum of 1,000m on distribution mains Maximum of 2,000m on secondary main Maximum of 3,000m on primary/ring main

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7.4.11

Lifting Equipment
Volume lV Part 1: Infrastructure Design Criteria (10.4) requires an electrically operated double girder crane with 5 tonne capacity in the potable and fire water pumpstation.

7.5
7.5.1

Proposed System
Water Source
Atkins understanding is that there is an existing central water tank farm located south of the base, and that an existing 500mm line runs from this along the southern side of the base. It is proposed to connect to this line outside gate 32, with a new line feeding a reservoir situated in the utility compound adjacent to gate 32.

7.5.2

Reservoir
The potable water reservoir is required to provide storage for the following uses: Potable water demand Fire hydrant network demand District Cooling Plant makeup water demands

The Dorsch design is for the make-up water for the district cooling plant to be supplied fully by potable water. ADWEA policies are that potable water is not used for any non domestic purposes including irrigation and cooling make-up water. In situations where there is no alternative water supplies then ADWEA may give special dispensations. A formal application is required for this. At Sweihan Air Base a STP is being installed. The treated effluent from this will be used for irrigation, but there will be surplus capacity available for use at the district cooling plant. The surplus capacity in summer time is estimated to be in the order of 400m3/day as follows: Average Sewage Load TSE (95% of sewage) Irrigation Demand (TSE) Remaining TSE 740 m3/day 703 m3/day 190 m3/day 513 m3/day

It is proposed that the primary supply for district cooling make-up water be TSE, with potable water then used to provide any shortfall. The peak make-up water requirement is 900m3/day. TSE is less efficient than potable water, so the summer potable water requirement for the DC plant is estimated at 900 513 x 0.75 = 515m3/day. The proposed storage volume is: Source Requirement Storage Volume (m)

Potable Water Fire Hydrant Supply Cooling Make-up Water Total

1 day minimum demand plus 10% 63 l/s for 2 hrs

905 454 515 1,874

1 day demand

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This volume will be provided by a reinforced concrete reservoir with two separate compartments. Inflows to the reservoir will be controlled by an electrically controlled float valve. A pressure sustaining valve will also be installed in the line to limit the rate of inflow. The fire hydrant supply volume will be preserved by low level cut-outs on the potable water pumps. 7.5.3

Pumpstation
Both potable water and fire hydrant network pumps will be set up in a common pumpstation at the potable water reservoir. It is proposed that these: Share a common inlet header pipe (accessing both compartments of the reservoir) Have separate pumps (in a shared pump room) Have separate controls (in a shared control room) Have separate outlet header pipes leading to separate reticulation networks

The fire hydrant network pumpstation is described in the fire section. As well as normal domestic requirements the potable water pumpstation will provide flows to the DC plant, the AFFF system water supply tank and sprinkler supply tanks within individual buildings. The DC plant can take water at off peak times. The AFFF system and sprinkler supply tanks will only demand water infrequently, and can also take water at off peak times if necessary. This means that the potable water pumps and reticulation network can be sized on the domestic requirements only. The pump flow requirements (905m3/day with PF = 3.5) are therefore 37 l/s. Supplying the DC plant (and the AFFF system and sprinkler supply tanks) at off peak periods will minimize the size of the pumps and reticulation network. Smaller pumps reduce the difficulties with low flow periods resulting in improved efficiencies. Smaller pipelines reduce dwell times and hence chlorine decay, giving better water quality. The pumpstation setup proposed is 1 duty, 1 standby and 1 low flow pump. The low flow pump has been proposed as with small networks (particularly in the early stages of development) minimum flows can be very low (even approaching zero) and difficult to handle efficiently with a single duty pump. This has been sized at 20% of the peak flow rate. In case of low flow/high amperage cut-out this pump will be set up with time delay for restart. All pumps will be controlled by PLC and varied frequency drives to minimize power use in accordance with Estidama requirements. These will be set to match the system curve generated from network design. An overhead beam with electric hoist will be installed over the line of the pumps. This will allow pumps to be lifted out and either: Moved to a clear floor area for lifting out by crane if the reservoir and pumpstation are fully underground, or Moved to a platform inside the main doors if the reservoir and pumpstation are above ground

7.5.4

Reticulation Network
A single pipeline will run from the pumpstation along the entry road to the edge of the existing development area. From this point a loop will be constructed around the existing development area, and two side loops will feed much of the new development. Radial feeds will supply the remaining new development areas. This will provide an efficient network, with significant redundancy and without excessive dwell times or dead ends. A minimum service connection size of 63mm has been proposed. These will be refined as more detailed information is obtained.
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HDPE pipes will used for main lines, and MDPE for service connections. Ductile iron fittings will be used. 7.5.5

Hydraulic Modelling Scenarios

The hydraulic modelling and analysis of Potable Water network for the Sweihan Air Base area has been carried out using the water distribution software Water CAD Version 8i. The hydraulic design is based on the Hazen-Williams formula.

Q = 0.278 C D 2.63 S 0.54

Where: Q = Discharge / Flow rate (m3/sec). C = Hazen-Williams Coefficient (Dimensionless) - 150 will be used for PE pipes D = Pipe diameter (m). S = Slope of energy grade line.
Mains pressure is designed not to be so high as to cause damage to the consumers' installations while maintaining the minimum water pressure at 1.25 bars in accordance with the RSB regulations. The major alternatives that build up a number of scenarios for water network design are physical alternatives, demand alternatives, and operational alternatives. In this casethe network is relatively small and simple, and the hydraulic analysis of the water system will be based on the following scenarios: 7.5.6 Peak daily demands. Minimum daily demand

Summary of Hydraulic Modelling

The summary of hydraulic modelling results during design scenario can be described and summarized as following: Peak Daily Demands Maximum flow at pumpstation = 40 l/s Head required at pumpstation = 30 m Minimum design residual pressure = 1.7 bars Maximum pipe diameter = 200mm Minimum pipe diameter = 63mm Maximum design velocity = 1.74m/s

The Minimum Daily Demands option will be modelled in detailed design. 7.5.7

Crane Beam
A single beam running over the center of the potable water and fire pumps is proposed. A 5 tonne SWL electric hoist will operate from this. This will be adequate for the weight of the pumps, fittings and pipework in this pumpstation, and require significantly less maintenance than a double girder crane as called up in the Infrastructure Design Criteria.

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