History of c language The C programming language was devised in the early 1970s by Dennis M.

Ritchie an employee from Bell Labs (AT&T). In the 1960s Ritchie worked, with several other employees of Bell Labs (AT&T), on a project called Multics. The goal of the project was to develop an operating system for a large computer that could be used by a thousand users. In 1969 AT&T (Bell Labs) withdrew from the project, because the project could not produce an economically useful system. So the employees of Bell Labs (AT&T) had to search for another project to work on (mainly Dennis M. Ritchie and Ken Thompson).

Flowchart and its symbol

Rounded box - use it to represent an event which occurs automatically. Such an

event will trigger a subsequent action, for example `receive telephone call, or describe a new state of affairs.

Rectangle or box - use it to represent an event which is controlled within the process. Typically this will be a step or action which is taken. In most flowcharts this will be the most frequently used symbol.

Diamond - use it to represent a decision point in the process. Typically, the statement in the symbol will require a `yes' or `no' response and branch to different parts of the flowchart accordingly.

Circle - use it to represent a point at which the flowchart connects with another process. The name or reference for the other process should appear within the symbol.

Drive Nail, Cement, Type Letter.

Move Material by truck, conveyor, or hand.

Raw Material in bins, finished product on pallets, or filed documents.

Wait for elevator, papers waiting, material waiting

Read gages, read papers for information, or check quality of goods.

Any combination of two or more of these symbols show an understanding for a joint process.

Action or Process A box can represent a single step ("add two cups of flour"), or and entire sub-process ("make bread") within a larger process.

Document A printed document or report.

Decision A decision or branching point. Lines representing different decisions emerge from different points of the diamond.

Input/Output Represents material or information entering or leaving the system, such as customer order (input) or a product (output).

Connector Indicates that the flow continues where a matching symbol (containing the same letter) has been placed.

Flow Line Lines indicate the sequence of steps and the direction of flow.

Delay Indicates a delay in the process.

Merge Indicates a step where two or more sub-lists or sub-processes become one.

Collate Indicates a step that orders information into a standard format.

Sort Indicates a step that organizes a list of items into a sequence or sets based on some predetermined criteria.

Subroutine Indicates a sequence of actions that perform a specific task embedded within a larger process. This sequence of actions could be described in more detail on a separate flowchart.

Manual Loop Indicates a sequence of commands that will continue to repeat until stopped manually.

Loop Limit Indicates the point at which a loop should stop.

Data storage Indicates a step where data gets stored.

Database Indicates a list of information with a standard structure that allows for searching and sorting.

Display Indicates a step that displays information.

Off Page Indicates that the process continues off page.

Terminal Is used to start and end a flowchart.