Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
"L
inp-r
(pr,-t}n
O'J"-*9
'^"l
c,ajl
- . .- A^.an_o,(
Jao
d,^k
ffi ffir
:r
%tr;:ffi ,,(m,tr*]ffa/ h$rm^*ub.
^7,
cA?aLaL_ o* ,kny ore_
W "*r* # a, fl,-(loF , ";t!" O o-
lo1
l,
s+*J/u /a_t,
Ot^Jrr*S
Gr*l,.gffr,*l
dr"e,r;*
F t -f{ops
doolr*pw\l"
n)l_r-fu
,Dcl+- p"-a-
],)"r^_+e "Lo"jr ,"E"l "},a,,y,
Tl,.a_ _}d_ f ]+& FF chaxy
t'g*{..b^
{,,gt (f-*. 6 {o 4 o,-f,o^l +o O), ry
,",9a ^* +-_ re.d.dlu/.
,;_
_h
+L.4_
*4J,#
9_ s{"_a
.u*._
'',^";a
A'd"*"A hrtl" ,J*p^,,L,
Tin^ih9 d*ay,a-,
r-
ebn^"^*
S4oro*_
- '-,:
s{r,*e e_te*neJ,
JlaL
in,tafi
,LukheS
in a i{"{- ;dt
(as
^^t*l
,rn_l^\ J.t\_e.ja
+"^_
otP
l,^
co-,^*
Pa|,r.:
sigr,^,l_
'-aj^l"-i-'-
.laAre,e,t
{p
,. }i'""t
+]"4 o.',,^.9,
swi{ch ,$},Jos,
,VOL G^*-
x-EL
Yry
< . Lod,.l
Lojol^ ;5
c.
yq-*{ar, {{ua.-
-fr^ S <
q_+ck
J_.1
r(C+a
ll
o|-.7
sw-L l,-"J4
93
-aou,QoJ, Norr-
t,"Y
p,)-"
JL-,Ep.,"'o- *}tIe"'{<*)
ur+r- sr$-zzt-d,
f{ Lodn inp^l: -4c!\nrKP,e-a}*&!-o-**'o$;,.4Lf+a,.oaA**"-*.$+*44{-.{",
L , {h
*",b
g
^f,
,
^a
nr
e_l_r.oi}_o
_it
cJ,.o[
9.*e kn , k p..
^
L.LV'- -
,Tffi,ffi*
aI
f,-
o M.,b/,,
4+a-
tr"fu
* *;'-M
Z
+ ?, + U,5Q*
oPoli"o;x> ^
+t^ ir_+"r-
^:.i'#ffi,i:o)o GjJ_@
,
'*,
,'.
71^2
i^rr,- v,t*s{
8"
_:,|.^''T,_;*;
b o...L
aroid
nr.,ob.{-,e_nft.i"t^arc"t^rya+"epbu-.,..^'ordp--*o4.v
co^&|v,^,
+I^a ocgenu-,u
Tt,2_ ,-onot,hen
.Rar^,rr*
f,4a
ff
+*
{-,+iJJc"\
i^,
(s=4,u&*o),-dT,
i^p',of _,^^
a",- ln*".,
ac_h,,,<_
cAfurto"(* stoi-{
, L,,';+s'
,t+"-
}a
*") Jou
S Cw_.l^;f
r*
,""}
T;
bn'
AtW
)h
LoW
J,l^r. re-,o*
Il- r
j^r^^j=
rk- &-t
r-*{.-^
sk*o
c-^.-^- +t"4,^_
t-.- ;,--o
[o_[",t- co,--
o\,. "}a^
L^e-
in
Q'=L)
ln_
s.o R:4
*;*-r t"t,", J"r,"@
++-_ ser * W
e.t++g,i
l) + (q=o,
*o , k=
,.44 f.L fL
-t.A\$o'r,^.
^pJS
Wu.J^_ b,t{.
{t^_
-t
t^^otfu\.^Je
.V**
il,A,er^-
'
{-i-
-i+- &+,J\
ei)uql
o (
4, ,
u-+p-h'
vn,,-r{*
bc
co*p\ew,4,,^f- o-
e,l,\ o]4g
ir a,,oiag q "^"k'"f
]L
,
-r.t,h,^
\.. no.r_,J "r_r,\rn
;rr-**\2A
\.\Ora
a
o
o
4
tM
Q'
o
o ("(W S
,t
,l
r"lr}
= 4, & =o)
s{,do)
(o{"l"- S -O ,
( ., b;J,t'^)
]}^rt
".
L- \) "-
.ho*f_
uJe-
0,|
f--o)
4
K=o _:\->"_T*0
q2
CI
lo Q'
* O!,
' PuS
.(S
oplafi> a *Pa
=O' , R=)
sp}
3=t+o
r+rrt,v S
}"i"
oLOeS
'rr}
'O,
(Z
=o
eo.Ae- 4*
'--
[n {La
l{^-la
dr
lfA<,
chu,^L,
q'
F",|!l.
n
l-
** .a,, Jj
,l,'u
S=|,R"4 o'^+*,*,*.[y
R{
Q'
i{,
S:
O**prJS o,-e
e^*"
v\
l"".r-
ffirft:;,*,i-'rrq^"*
"/
l""+hL
cvnp)a-'nareL(
oII",,
+\2_o*fuJ,
a^.r, ,lr,"r-)
"o^pte"^"-
ToAvoiL++,2-s"u;J,^inp.}conJi*,n-}1"-.6tto*.*fflre."euk'a
<9-^.
bL
/-,.lz^
dar*;na,t
.9R
LoJ"r,
*c*to^
s A
-Tabta
,{.\
1o
o4
4
&
Q'
6
sol
s-}"Ju_
@w 5 iRa-D)
reur,4"iu
G#*
S,,,O,.R-t)
5L
Ia{zJ^- _it"{^
njs
d,,
c_ro,! _
ca"|aA
NA,D
ffi
e,-^"*,11P$t
OlCl
-Qe9o-+*s+",te
, I" t ("4l,-(llt.o)
^
Q'
L,
pZ
oO l t 4 (.f."lrlJ"e*)
d"ra^_
inP-^^*, rornoll1
& 4,
"l"tr
w|a,Jl*,["t-,X +l*-
,q'=O)
resa.,t-st,-Je- (q -0 2 Q''4)
-2
?_,_-O
S = 4 ,,
gr;t-$\.*" Cq=4
x y \t'9
oo l1
t@3= 1,A--O
{r'6
I
{ , {4^,-,e;4ts\e,a,
, Q': ,-l
o7plxi^5 9
Aoes ,,r* *;
Qo o
lL
R=,| +
,{+4 ,4-*
1g,O R=4
ll1
1ol
2 Q{=-O
J,L4_ *"*si,^,}a
4+ +\. so$<,
{+*-
J^f^J,
s4,,
y:yxf;ffJJtr.""
-_1
L?, 1,%lL
t_a4esu-
-i[
c oru*roL
i^.rf
tr*r^r;\}o,-1l",{l
O X X lNochona
1 O O l N, "h-,f^
1 O4
le=O1 resz}s}of,
1tOiq-lt
't 4'l l^a"S.o.-,-.",{n
[l4 !.l?dffirS,
Lt""Tr*
tStt,<-In
atAa,t, ,#,L sR, *h,
au,-.4,1,
aL/
S o, -R ia7u-t> o,e
. L.e_r. n ),
{+'& g7 5h*e"
J'
ta"t
*dt+, {r"-sa
E^ =_ L , 3 = A , ?=o
=q=0
"
c,
? r " t,
fl" it
rs
{4y
Miffi"^
711i f:_^
urR6f6r'l"a
',, s*r"+uff{r,M
*^*g:**::*- "v,,_
Fo-
4,',^4
-^'*"^,Pt'*,"""
o!
"[J,"'
"-t,,uxls+"-rL^),-"|,'[*^ffian"'-ni+A,a,,J.c.'^
a 4*
o oo
o
, 0 {
l?
9 o' l;
o
ll
lIn4z>wIJY\'ir
?il 9i oll |,,r,"-,*"
|
l o
l o
;
lY
7
l ll
tlndz*bm,hale
a\.n,b;n,Ys6p<tn in
tabular-{or^,
Y-''-'
Q*QG>,r;f,"%*k*L*"
Lplica*laat4,a'eJo&l.-,Wl
QG*t);,'*he(ruc!az!apen:o4,
xL-'"/'
t^ 1
a*),
ws
LcL+.h (
l,*s7ae.,i
et
,.
l8r. S n,nzl
dlr'o e(adL
ortag L%,-*
lq-+"h)
4 h-*q
el,r"A+, 4- a* {"h4
en
q'
r\
Lo*
{{nn-a.
F,rrl"A'o. t"bl.
rq_.t
d-;5.e_,^^
"uoj)
ginp.^tsso*..p\e.&*PE^=L,Th,-bin"'xl^{o..^o,t^PY<sJ!J,:d}
+^_ ? ,*}p_t
D
t^}e^ k +,^^,r,i
=fi.L o*.,A1-^* (a)
; +l,_ J4ja_ W,J_t ++h.
nsfal<al,
(e^- L),
@_w1s
dJa ilPJ
-l+.4
+"-r<,,;
"6\\o*s
d L. Th*; siai;n
v]hr"^_+l.L
i *f+ .?*^-[
,u*,
+. *,.z o^*p
sJ.r, ,
an-A
aJ ['a* a:
P-,u;,,P
t^P^^f
ts o{*e'^ 'o-1!2d
_p_^,hk ih,,,^$ ; na^,g",+4(Gn=a),
*^'z
cr--^;"t
.B,nrrar*i
{t,-bna2.,p*'fu{h.*o.presJa*+t^,..Ja$q-^P-,-"*{.l*
a_
dt*,W4rns)4'}noc.c5l".*o.,.,(,,.";"h1',ep"+t,-.QoujP-*
a'?Ai"
is
-+h,a- e^^}4- |^f"t
*rr{.'
"
(ft,}";,Lt, -),
Anh*e{e-eA/YlL-plaua**4furnr'*d?4''L,noL!,-\p-*
ac-*iu<- {o- O
U*;\e-'i^-*
+o v*.a,l,-e
-3
(*;n roex"lal
tg"Il.
(wtt-rw 7fu)
(-;ll.
la}cja
\reD
flkl-)
SroB*aL
E Lal^^trs
l, - P-o? S
y
::r"
:,inyr*
itaun-on"
d^p,s* +1,e
["ol on a FP
Q,d*?*, u
iJ
i,}4*
+t.fe't
"H ;:,ffia,(
ffi#,**r;"^Lbe^,
",
o.^J"_f a^rL
=-l+'Ar
+_""s}.te Gf
ao,*-"[Jt^;ve'l,*,t?tsu'<_n-s.-J'in"r{eadol!lod.a,,
eagw^,,b,
f lg ut adxz +*xg/,4 s+o,
A c_[.e cJ,. P uj;.
l, r
O-
,t
oJ
ocl-
o _>
HtoM;
ov
da",r*}or"l;
{.*o ffiqt
*9, *,o
5D "
_*_ (
v| ter.dit
<rra.Jrv>t"r,vJ/
*ranitt n) ,"
p os,.{_ica
os,{_ica ue+ (.os, o.v<"
:p
;
+k,-a
Qosi{.,r,.e
l+oINo.oi;^re "#
a-,"d
r&SP Pn*e-S in la-{alt
|-"sih!^)a,Sti"edqL,
tt,
O-
rc
-J
-n
*or" ?jr
reP'*e
3,z,z
eAxz_,
EdaL - Tnqau*d
},Aa-{<r^
P fl
s[a^e
P Flk,
-${op
(ta,)
(nn as}e,.)
fu
'i
, *
4_Q_ rn
-:r^a,vnosJer
_
b U"u
D lohJ,
cLy. =4!
fre::_---
F[,p
tak,l,.-
d^eJL|j*,n-
a"ol
i e*,-blae,
,,ry^
*Ja
Y= D
r ^@
*ho.t,^J
uK;rT-,-T,*
., *1
o$+t^, t a,q
ffij^*,',,ffi
is #,.,os,A
ahavr o[ a
l, ,r-
. The
r^%t
vo]"_.+^t
]],UJrc|
ocLtr
,^!E-)' ll*
ee
i tt^_ r,.q_+an
t0+,,
o"*p"|
ffi"r
Jocb, |"{"!,*
'l @
Lasp-t
Fost}"e
#,
:
10i
ed+L
bZ"fu,"e^+^4
,*p' W+
rLal b*
e,7e,*, "
(+*r_"'-.
Q&) D \ o
; reo) '\
o
,l
ft*,
wak lQ,}eL
q $,2 trr B 4lg vo}"z
irnv^ed,_[^4
occ'*d^,
a* lh_
6,
o*,,,r...qrr, ra.+,
'C|'^
,Jo
e-ha,fe| ,(rov- "aq},,-,aeps"
o l o
$,
do,-
a,^_{p,_t
r, _"_"__i a* +fu
sbrea
n'eg^',.
4 on&,
; )":ffi-.d % 14^L
cho$f-
'
3,A -yr-fl-
+o
'
**t::lff
ou}p/.,*A"ct
;: j;
kr-auff'*
Sr
}k_:
--:7"
+-
,4y,
k_Bgy"*.f},n _ft"r
)i,2
rEe-f" silct,o Ct}, =
su,i-lh do
_--,*-*lJ=?o
o-
,L
o4'
5"
"6.
?r/
o+L
cll,-=O
tro.
qL-
)-{". clk.O
O fu. 6tX = ,l D,O
.-l
goeS {,o"^, O
o"-ct Q -+ j.
clL,_
? ?,l
=L r'
(1,q-,""^t
]{l
s4+ gt,14 |
{o Swvtew "{, 4t^
D=L,
'S-O
{,
)o
,|
JL
q is o ,.T\^J,!,+h, Fe
*-h_a"^
(i
--
e_tlc
_-qro
plac"g
to L ,
, k ffos
+}.4
{o
L,
;"&"^} \ath
'
u_i$,-o,^t'
-->I
*r^^14
++,-
O.}r^*
wt"J_a c-l[.=
D
or*1 ch"o-g", r,
Cl]4
o.->L
c,:
! s+*, "*
/=o
{Ia
owt.r^-L
D=l-
As a
Su-*^v\atl
_ ?or a_
posi*ie_eAq2__
*r,6ecd FF,
*lnc_
c\ocl, rna],_es
PoEi\rd
+ Q,
ol*-"+ is
_ a#eet
_lte ou,*Ft,
^r^_t JL
^_
volu
a)
lo
*J
Jlio^
+ranj
_ 4 ^aaJ-^^"<
**
,
q lr,4 c"ha",gn_s, ,,.n 9 ^Jl,,,t_ c;llL
+..*nj"r!
+V*
_J)fuy\
+f,J_{"-"uot
( a_>
+l^,s__
^+r"ia
0}^Nl"" -ll-" \o/-, O le*t,Qbgi,-l
,,
41
wtn/,,t
*1
"f{.a easPon^a
*J a.
FF {o
ing.,do*o.-^."L+ato"Jcn.,,4bz.*eawsjJ,f,e/,
+t^' O t^r-} wu-| La
.S"r,P-_{1g i, -tU*_ ,,,i1,;iyv,r-,n J,i*c a,r."t ,^h-.cJn
a q-cois}a,^t "*-0^,a picr ,{, {, occ*Fenc, ot +1,.1[;+,-i",'\
oc,V }rone }db n,
",--}@
t+rl& }i*.
chat4^
P-
l,
,r-}.^**\_ {i*-c-
+*-L oce',r+-e-4
"W
"r^",k
4o
*.r^*'^" ]4^L
*r'^* *^"|
'n..+'
c'la '
pai'n-, }dni*v'" q|-|+o a-Jo
rrry}$**)hJ-F*hat^V-,roLLdt"a-\+.4{ilta-ed
1 1^a_ o^_+f o r^4{^] {.a .
*h4:ffi.r.f)r^
o_*&
-fl^!-
d_
v,4l,;.ol lxr,,ba
i-'
Pos]tr,-e-
-,l..b3e,",t
*-cow hp.oAltt'-e S2
'flnur,t
h oa-dl'l,a s1*-U,/-
"hsie,na*e-l
+^!xP1
Edqr- - }*
posi
2 x<d"
{la - {lrp n
(o-)
c
bca
P\tr - F\efl
olvr
,"_**
O+t.r \p -t F,
lr,"l,
Ti-^o
Sr$ur*,
i'v<_-
(-3o)
*-jrrrl
q";,u
c"a,*
ltr- {lrps
a* Tl
Jes"-Je, ^13a,""
8J2
"^L{
u+{-;5g*'t
o-*
d-
fir - f,[" 7l
42-
J*
F{;e- Lo
e,,'
rr,Je .,.* .l4r.e'_op,.,s,,]t;a* +h&t
eF t, 4
4 _ J.J. *t,e-
b-
P*+orwadoJ{-
o,
flie,{to
'
.,
2- fu,"i
3*
+9
Ff *-
C-v^4ou,,,'*
i lre
o of
o^;l#*i
*,,^.{u!t:,ff:-^S"r.'
_ .( top, has
" :9
^ o 'o f p
.tln'- ,lo1',]- 1 *h4 D iy
o ,1,
'*"^ol^-*
{rorntua,t,
o::# #
ell *hFe
*: )* 4* rv& ,are
d,"rr;-t
d"ot*
0{
^f
K FF
"j
l
oo
ol
is eompta"9,,Jre{
o"tp"r
t
5 =4 ,K,|
,i^p,^t; !D=Jql+K'E
j=Or(*
whn T=K=
4- --+
--+
adKtr
(*l
no clto"no
Rc
s.f
SE
Q'(+)
Co*}eu*,d
o*irJ
fl,ue_
Q
so
bJ":
Q Ct+)
!= o-Q'(t}'K=+o=
c]ocl. edg" se",ls
tha
Qhr,. T= K --
lo
l
*l.o_
,-,-Z
s,u,,.,
.qo)h= qiq =L
OrJ
++,-
\)V.l^
FF ls
Cl\a,,eeFg
5=o
V.4^
^_7/t_
o,^r-*b,na
Gro,t">Wb*l af
(Q=4,q'=,o)
5=|V*o + si
l)
(Q = o , Q'=
rel,t
,,
l
h-- ,
3*A2 K=
a{,
:ff
'
nt*t
oJr*
'
C+{,* , Q =o)resLtcl"k)
q,,l"o.1+.4
. Q '+ ( )'Q = Q
,|* cova?le
*h.o v.*t* c)d- eAY
=1
?*
"*tF-t.
ti
-Tl..r- -r_(
r"u!q) fl,,- tl
_T t?
l:hL
af
E_
is
Ftr ar.4
a_ eonnPlo,nne*.**
, [.r^
i^
rJ'
+J
sr-
co.r_
bz o6{_o,i,d {r"
{"g4lr-.
r
CLIL
K
T
FF
fu. *Io K
ob,*#,.,.ad
ff
-{rc, a5K FF
6.oh*t sg*Ua0 of r
'
{"\Iowt'*5,
el
uoir" {"-
D--TQ'+T'Q
D=oe q=a
,ror 'T>O i
N\.J^ T =,t
"
l,-* t
P= TQ'+ Kq
Wh,O.tn. ,4ra,
w{
O*
rr,
a -re
a,,a_.^,-
it
+t,4 o'J+le^)
(l^o* v.o o,o,*'\.
S=46Q:Q'(+L*
qt. t
lqtt*,tl
d \T ry
Cha--Je-,}l,e Tablo
Q(++)
'r
"
4+
in p*,*
"h""S,
(,l",,\ta,[o"J"
t)
Ch orac{<ti
-TI"L Log'r,,a
c ?uaf,,
p-o
nS
a* FF l, a,s
|
"{"*{l- / cAJ1-
a clruorac*erh'c- elnfi,b"
Fl.ip _ Flop
uc.tb,
=P
Q k+) = f,Q'+ n'Q
Q&*4)
=Q(+)
L+
cE
,t{h
Q (t+1)
'r| l+rL
ba efressd -_l2*.*bt1
C}o..o.e.}e--,\
D
JK
dudb"a
,,
+ ;
TQ'+r'q
,=T
oQ
,ta cto&}rg"ji+.bn,
pn.so^t sloi/i_ i^^*e&"leQ ,b"{,*
'ld'Q
'/p'L
#ans ii"o n
'
bi.oc qzr;
re
+l*+ *<_,ar-J.,- k {",*-1+,*
,'5,1Ja1
,:: *rry^oL,-
_JA. o<_i
) l'uo,eF'
Jow^,a rr
Son^u
,
,}r,*_
,6*_|*,inaa,nJ"clt
;b5{aie
+" 4l^4- 9}
(
' ln e,,*
- "9..e.#t^aclbe-i
- ''cJeo'| or o)*<},<s, |r"p*
ot 1"2 ?r'
j,:s+"t"
yy,
glta_n 4a,
a,ll trF'J
.,J,4_ ,,o1"" {o, b,,,,,y,'na
hgrJ>
,
T},.
,
is J_rL,.naw
rr,.rr,i ,r-*r'' i^^fu f ior L {a 'o&overb^'
pou_},/_
3 ,t""'*.,a_ ^d,j+"!
'
ln
+.t^4_
%a.{-c^_-to
l5
!-
$.
Rese-t ^ O
Q=O Q/=l
rcr+}s,l"te
',;1"llwb
inJ2pal6{1g ot D:
(*}
'(ur:t:*""
4 oDftp-ft"p wilh
q*ci+ronotrs -<J*
/cor*
,-+
l
ircui eiiagram
.-
See
f(t*l}
X rit
n t x,
} t
e!r{i"j@
{h}
Srgp}iyuti
l6
{h}
|
{
Funetim ahle
Dire lnputs
one
FFs
hant_',,a_s"6n<hra4oLs inp.^ts
}"
FP
:",=--lhro-
+o
parti"u,)a.
.
,
sh,un
Dire<L
and,
belOvC
SeL 9
(o. PrelzL)
Dir<ct Re*L
(or Cled-)
PRr.str
Circutf diag.o,r-
Funch'aa- Table,
m?uT
LR PRE
LK
X
0
D {/;p-{/op with
PR.ESEr
,t,
0
4
ti
*,4+)
x
x
qssl)
ourP,uT
-47 -
4
.1
a
4
Q{
q{(t}
q$)
4
e,C9
o
c'rer.* fro,^
rhe
oJpJ'
PreSal S*a{e
c)o<.|.eol s.qt./*}i4[
"J
*ha
ar,,d. the
nexts}"J* are
bo*h
r,.$o*o{
lha
i.,puts qnd-l?a
"
l, o(
obfan'ng
}hn_rl&
;tate fuqglo* :
Fyample
ns,Jt lhe
FFs (A anolB)
a outprt
d h,
pt{)x(*)
A'(t)xtt)
{Att+BQ)Jx't+)
Fo" q
FF
Q(t+) ,s
qL
caJ^ u,"iJe
EuJ
= Ax + _Bx
gCL+ {)
= Alx
,A (t+.{)
t(q
B1
ne,."ovlnp,
LA( +B&\J
x'k)
blalU,nelra-h,b"l
S*q"le Ia.b t-
ro[,^_
', Th-
_\
.pqt_e^<A
"+
(a *b) x
#^o
be s|o*n i, s+aL
,$.fluuhp *wc S.*r.
ca*,-
inp,_u*s ,
hll. k.}r.rrLirr:
/4<n
our^
prgnt
tte lnput
i{ext
Stte
AB
t8
00
00
0l
01
l0
l0
00
0t
0
l
00
0
0
l0
ll
ll
Output
Mi*rrr'dr.ffilffi
ata
i
^
o o
0
0
l l
yP"
O al
l t
00
00
0t|
00
la
0
l
t
l0
{0
00
fn mqb"rf a ak
,'^
_4q-
-(ha ne*t
sl'z.k val,s a" fhar. de*4r-'"AJ fo^*h. *ak elu*'e,s
(or fun lhe logi"- Jro*),
ln gzrr.erl-, L sJp4+'ol ok;.*,ui*l. rn FFs, onA n npu*: nead,s 2^*n
novJs in *he s}at bte- , -T-lnp-"nu*| shJb|| eo,, h*s rn g,lonas, on_
F. eor FFw?Vi,ca|ly.
-B
I.n
:.
a.
,fu|
s}a.}e
)lot,n,n,
i. *lo,5qa+l. bt n ,r.Oa.,
's,lz.:]g5
a.e hJ:oJe"t b6
- (e l".k 4n','af^.L) fra-"sl'o w bllwav
dcec*ol ltnel co,,na<,}ing Jt, dnJe,s,
e s*^le *ra^
houn v)ou
-'tl
,!
++.-
sl,^IM ctnt
W-^ ,h
l+, a"o-mple
Sfak_ J ia 9*^
-The
yg,""lu he
fu*
l-heL;no-1 nenbqr
slo]e
t!
infoonah'on
.sn"ne
,idz eac}
as ll,g- slate
la-blq
ide,h',fe {Aeshte's
+lr_rrr.
"!
7he d,'recled /nes a"e labeleal "ilhluo bna7 n.rb,es sepa,Jl<l
b? n sla-h ( r., scn| value fh" iopni /*ron&'rl outp"t ud,n)
"I
Nok -hat 1h e oup** oc,r' duia the pr<sent-*a t<- ar.a[
wi#, *le lndi"a|d try, and hoS ,,o*hhs {" d u'|lh lheJraasilon
$" *he nax slu+-.
kr
c,'relg
lnp,r
*oh L,
sta{..a
1l
l,
es
o^d the
A J;,.e"lel
o {le- occu,,,,
1he.e s no d;fiQ.enq beluqer\ a SL}a ble and as{aJe d,'a6ra" excpt
,
n lha ,.o.hn er -f, <?,esorbJio,a.
- The s}a* tale is aaser h Aerivc-- fror^ agnve{ byL Jla6n ^ and
*h a s{.'o-{e 1a*'ons .
eira"lit
ip - Flo
afra;lie.
p lnpu
"
Eq rolr'ons
Tbe boolean
cqlleg|
fF
an<_
Fo.
exo*n,pl,
the
t1,7, -
l"o
'n1>,L eq
ugfrbn
Dq=x*/
yt)eo,n
Ax + Bx
Dg= A'x
y=
(a+B)xl
*2-
inpef,;<,
E,an
The FF irp,,i
g^bil, anol *2
tLn
FFs
tr
*lA
rllx 7e.'{{.o"bno,na4.
{*^
a.l,z,i*"
.l&4- l,Lt4Q-
+r^ Jr*'.qs
Suporo
wilh D
trli> - F/oP5
\ #4
"l."r.j
il""t-6a*
].
Da=Aoxey
d,'an^
s oLh;ne
fu*, [he
hp,..t
Present
te
Inputs tato
r}
A
A(t+) -_ A&)
xo/
= D1-- A a
(a)
(ru,
ll
Circui diagram
0
0
0
0
00
01
0
1
00
0
0
1
(b) ae table
,+
*.*-.:
00.lt
:*
(
01, {)
^22-
D FF
Ihe stqh lob* hos ora ol,^n $*ila.v.- ycse:* s+d-t , A FF ; |ua catwn3
.fo" 1hc-{"o i"puJ (x anAy)l one 6olnn {2n h,* ne*|slaJeaA . AXy a<lkrl {.1,. ooo ]+nough | 4 4 . TLo- ext s{,lg va l: at- obLnc,L {ort.
*a
Sta+<-
edipq
A(++{)=
-ihe eP<ssioq
s7ec,Y'u
n llre lurrn
fi.fll-
-The
an
,q-o{
slala
ai^
;s.Eullo t
u|nonly
&q*^
c.r. te_ O or 4 , r
on l,-r-'rec:l4 les is
aon.bino-L\on& c"}u^i
a-9y,^ti.,a{onu
Aoxoy
6n
eo-cl^ sta*e-
++-
-2? -
#Ano!
{lresam *E *h. kr} e.'niion.
u1ha^ a "Fp olhu ffi*, tlr-e_ D w id,r 5cA as TlLor T,
t is's nea,s*1
ne
Tr,.t
*o JJa I.* ctaraate,n:hb-l ,ro,t*n' /o oblo. /},a rz*t e h b- Va[g-s ,
D rF
Fpr
a_
T*
ne*
ffs
/te_,/a/+ e,a.Lbn
sl"Je. -"-9rzr
- *futlJ;rr.
d*^^:
2,, lr:+-
binfl
3. ,sz, ll.
,ra,.lrrr'
{",
volr* in
Ob+Lr^ #^.u
,r
,lfyyrJ
stqk EuAhbnS
La,Llz ,
Evovn?le-
J+rrt ,e TlLor r
*}.o_ s|-o,A
s*a, +ajr{
*J
_ll," s{a...c-
) +, ,'fElarmhe
oln'arLlZ"o^
.o. }he
io*t
c.i--
Je= Ka=*,
lB= N' f(a = A'x * A.T' : dsx
-24-
o lire
Prg*snt
tatt
rywJraL,
ci,e,i.t
r*p.fup
il|.gxt
lnput
rt
t}0
CIo
l,nputu
I fr4 g
00l0
000l
ll0
l00l
00ll
0000
ltl
000
l
00
ll
10
1l
0
00
1l
0
01
0
0
l(g
,t*e i*p^*
o{,tlra *{e +Ak ) b't ae.
{".|t,,a"
Ee.*,i*,",{s-E 4,pr
"dg/*
(os
spaueL in s44f 2. 1-1r* po*llu " The
ra.laJ o{ Jha vxt, +rk
.,o[u^r.s a<-tot neade{ ">lr,n +}.-stak aqLh;ns a<" u-a,l,
ftlaprc-t ,rlaleS
J,,,d.
{ ede
+4o_ aha35.*t+1,h'a-,
,"paf_s
C}raac],*rr*Z, 7a\le
Q&+)
o
o/
No *z
R,Ji
4o
11
The
6,
9,rs.ns
.fiov,,o {+re
an *ts" be
obh*nql, bI e^rlu,l.'nf,
*}a.,gcJern"{l E,r<,-rb 4..( ,6rllrws ,
CVa,zuwsc qnon
5*!
s},
}i A a"nd b
,{*
7V-
"
"I q LL} ,
A(t +a)= TA/+*A
'nr]ad
b(,++|)=
B+Klb
-
2-
(I
+*.c +o&"
5"ls${.*l7 .-val*es .*
W
ot>{on
hhe
JA , |14 r
eg-oas'
sJaJg.-
A&ffign,)'A
B(t+) ,>'B' +(Ae
Ig, u,L(-E
x)'B=
B'u'+ (*qx+,Ax')'b
= b'xt +
=gL|+
L$
K') , ( A'+*
)]g
(*Ar+4'x **x')a
= '*. + Atsx + At
xl
Thesc s}aJe eqatl*s 7on,'Jas +tL brL vol*s &. *ho_ .o|rra heo{pj|
' N"b S{ok" in the s{,-r/+ fublc, No k **at +^a aolgytns heo-{ed
" Fl'p-{lop lnp,*| " a,<. rwl neeJ,^oJ- wl-l,. when s{ataqua,t'oru o-,.szd"
,
Lahle 4s
ftLlo g
i,
Nole-
ho no
so
fnp,.t x
l-S1
*,
lina
,,rq_ {hLftrr;t
o,gful, t
.t +hLcr-Jes are
morlel i{t^
S2
L
-26 _
onLg
lhe-re"e*e"t
1}v- v".[rr,* a{ X
Anahjs w{
-Thu
o,.*Ltr
+K
FFs
,ra*l"
pltp-Flops
i Q a" solr*Ll
7h4
cj,-u^t i-tl
r",s i. si^ita,^ {p {dJ
me*l
vo&-u, in *lu s{.al ]ohlo co- |n obhuad
"*"{e
or *:Lrp-cnaracJe.4zt
QC*+
q c+)
q'()
o
4
The
.xawpte
No ahary_
Cor*p l+rfue-b
h'- E,"otran
a T FF
AlcJt
7he
e{
s"l"-h'
q'r,curi
has
l.,. o
Q&+l)
a-,.a,5+*Se d;a8J7,!*
+Tq'
f@
*}*
ouq ,ey,,,ra,.a
T'0
rast
FFs
andB
^2?*
,,
orrlpo|*
y,
Eua}'ans
Bx
TB-x
TA=
--Ab
S{ql EuaJbnr afe
:f,g
i"
otta-'rned Uy suls*{r{
]le <hou"ac-*e"r's*ic- e1,+a}lor,s ) ,d^eldi"E
^(L+)
n?.lM i"p
eq,J-blons T:and
b't
Ax + A'Bx
B&.)= x@9
TtL nexl,slok- ,r"lrra
A a.r\4 B dl<" oblaiheJ ta+-, the,e slg"ial*ol+bns
"
a,,.d,,'.sen{*.{ in ila_
fr{lrr'n| ,al- Ul*.
lt*
Frgru
tat
ltlxt
lnput
tte
JlB
0CI
00
0
l
00
0
l
0
J0
l
]l
00
t0
11
1t
As Lrn?
4,1
oa
x is q,aQ
a blnrx
04
Lo
^,].,^l"*
Jll
a^d1,
L!
U.,,L
.k-;t
4Jca
ba-t 1" oo,
wil4
Lzh*r<
4 rr,*
MoorZ
-l-u
nodt
^o/nJ'
al Finik
S*oJq MachinB_s
*1ue--,h'o!*
Mcal Machlnc
Owuu
(Meal_v-*pe
lllooe Mmhinc
0upus
{Moorc-rype
Wr
fu^aL
+U
lr
. o'b,rt
i qfun
oM
eh'on
c! d-{*"c},>"
(o*
lh.
go
'&,
ru hr,
ilh
{,o. D
p,<sa*l
q'r<r,
u
h Fig, ,l{
is o-,fic*'or ,d
be itp r
a-^A-**a
i
i4 Fi;5.1t 41ta hot ( l*exaopL
An exa:^nple
"! a Moore,n*rdn!- a;rre,^
N;th l*o iK {s. H<se,ltr,,- o}p* 3 o ,*,o*o^ o! ++,L ,csL s+""lJ anl"4_"
- 29_
Ano|lrf
e*ctrr\ple
shon in
o
urrpJ
i|n
1I.'z
Fb,
orL,
f.gn*t
ows
ta"-o-
rr<-se--*
sttz
oqrh^Js *!
fu.c"sq.- ++r.r5
of,
++,2-
ai_d
"?-.h".
?*_s4J^t
thp""L'aJlt
1" *he
s}q"le-
ba,{"* lL,a
dia3rc",*
*nr-
ol', .
^r*^r<
r-
Sfo,k/o,r*p+tr
da.t-
+lr,e_
"
-3o -
*le. sdn{<_
cir.es
in
lfu
&'n1rz^* o{
{.* c
3*r^a"l
t"odarfu<d,
Asl6^J MEI,]T
is re#-ed,
as W,2- re_d.r.a
akJr^Ut,, ,,l,-l.
ir|
,tl- ;ry-a
,lla
nurvh,.
-o,,*p,.*
nl
Fs
ry;M
inp"* {
]"
Q,
,to
Fo. +.hL S+e*L J.t.f fr,,,, q;J4^ lou, qnsiJ-- *+,l t"p,r* quq^L
o t o^ ol l o t O o sla,tio5 {on^ {h_ inilo2- l{"* q, Ea-cL,
a.,d 4 ?ad^as a,. ovtp;g. fl O a,r.al 4 or,,d rg,*Sa-J {4r/-JrJ,,,"
lhrgne{ slrr*-,
|lnis euarwp
941vfu^.c-l/> are-
uua ^"4
stq{e,
no*4
le, ,noz
o/o
lU
h7,,,*
_o",|pt
"^g
np o,+4Af) #a fnk*noL {oJ<l alZ
h p,ov;4- lL-xl,rrr.e4 qLq-^LL
,i-,'J..
lh-"j^l2s a.e_da+o:Ua
.?q
1+r4-
{+a..pt e." V,
i"it'J sl-fu
a_)
5+al
a-n ,'^p; ,{ O p raAa.e a^ o^-Lp** O
ar"a W,- -*,,* MJ^"; inh*a a_ ,
uJ,{k p"ec"*'stae a* a^L;npr^b o( L, fu o1aJaJ s zq.* ar.-d lhy.r._*
S}aJ. ,'5 b , 69^{-,nu-inx? LLrr, ?focJJ, ,o $'"l ]t- cot*le!-- s-.1,a-yL4
+d b fus {-olLo, 5;
5+-J2
tnprut
Ouh"^*
Lb
c d e { { 3 { 3 L
04g1olto,t
oo
o0ooO1lOlOO
-3-
In -h
ir,npor4z.,..h,q,
bacaae wa,u
",lp*
j;l-i-
1or!,r(2-
,S}a]e Tahle
Npxt
X=O
P,vsprrt El"l,e-
X=./
a-hoo
cdOo
adoo
a-
efa
q
{+4k
,N
1
ffr
"{
=l
,,{a
".
,f
Ou}p4t
Y=C v+/
,p'
,
J/
,f
slok
-Tc,o
"t
#L,e- / be_ [oot- $. _l".o yr<ser^, 4"*r, }lrr tr 1, l1,,2 qnertet| ,{dJa- qv,)- hNrQ- 4a S+r,,* a,^!v-,t Pr boil+ ;"r"/ or",ht,**h'ats
{,^
IL.-e-
"rJ-iilq
7,<n*
.flufu"
ff,
onr*+
i} o.rr" in -lha*
rhku Coliuna ,
Pr<;en*s{a{e:
prese,* ,]z,l.- {
and. r[ a.e_
eqvole,*
-32. -
ea,h
"ul'|t
4+'-e
nL
sl& lalolo: :
P,erQ}"h Nerl- Stak odr^,*
S+4]-, ,r,-O y-J *=o
"-_
q,abo
bc)0O
C,.adOO
re/Jk./-
flre
,)
is oL -*<L
,usn
/o,
r'\
/0
| ,
/o
f,* al,-
reilrrr,al_
/ fi. tl*
s/ak a'qp*,
4 o
}}.a
ry
1h._ auvbr e{
Holo+xq_+q'
o
o,)c
l+nA,*
^o o,^}r^*
e'arah
alo
Sl4Je-a,Lbcle-JJed4a_
lnpro1o'lO14o1oo
o"lp^,to o o o o 4 4 o
Lt
g*n{n"
dLJ04
L&J04
adur
f"
n*"v*h
taevg- inlru*
r *{
ghJ.s
ag
red[.Acd
*^
?h
-jg
SrArz
fn
ss
GN N
daElnn$
er
il
t441uenl;al .t"rrr;hz,
s*e.*-s
c,'rtri*
in
a.sm
++14-
*ilh.
hh
t,
)fafg
<
,t Assix nmert- 2
B,n.g=_ ag aa.-
ASsipme*.
p
ool
Ooo
Oo4
a_
b
c
d
o.9
t 0O
ooCIo
clo
otr'oo
loooo
;'l|C
, *L o-gver
Assi6"*crt 3
oiz: Ho
ooo.1
ol
olo
olo
o|l
?-
1-
Assinma,
(6sk,l+,5blr)
or.a btl
rv.1ua0*4 dnfu
}*te o-1!* alh a*- O . ThrL ]"r+usl4nv,n,o.r1 i,"L, or.* Ft 1:
n-h,abe",.,4.,r:-uIa l egr-s
s',*p lcr )na&hs loy,",. 6* .J"f^Je_
one,-hot asi6wr,.a,*
.[\*_, o^[s
Tl* bha.y for^ &++4" s}ot J--U- b ,-aa/, -}g J$ve +&r4- q*,[,st/<_
ard OuJtlar* - Srm,'n qv*btra,*,-o,+oL D*p*tol +r" *.1,rrr*;2^,a a,l-,
Th.e cOn^gla\ .f
*+wk
as l
nnn*t
l,rL
",{r;na,io^al.
,^o jga
^?4-
cr:ffi.ut
Je^ot
an ltq, binar1
DEs
t6N
PQ7CED4F,E-
Du,
,^"-l^Zr1,
{=r,-
*o4
2, arr"e
t+r4
n,,,b o{
Z , ft ss igr- binar1
5,
}an
, De-r'ng
{i.g_
fu
s,}^
"L++^L
if
+r,2-
Jesireatopozhin,
neass%l
l-,,4 sk-,les,
in3 q JeA
+]r4_ 5
l4,,,J-\e
,pge_
Drgrr
,u-L,as
s|-ol<s
al
s*{a +relg.
Fps {p bc ug/_,
trp,r*
b?r'. 4^ot)-o-,
Ex"rpl._,
Design a- ,j*r^lk +hot
Je-J<,*s
The s*"fu
5J*q
5o
00
$0
l
S1.10
5,li
J*ogr*,^
7+,
(5"lo
:3
)t v
Io
1
1
inp"*soqlpul
'\",
-7
ol
S.
41re
T(
If
,eg,t s+at(,
i"p.1
sla.Tng {h
5,,
^1
64aJe So
to
+h"
S.a
: +h4
in
-9A -
.++u*
J,-A^,
+{4.8-
cd,"cf ;Sags l. 3
{"t",{e
_ antr o ;rp,,*
5t, lf
r",ore.
s^d.J +A
fs
.*u,t
++,L
;wt.
'To JzJ
a.
,'1
".
Jl^L
"l*oo.-
Des
dnJi-t \
st_la-hbla
+t4-
e^p
ha",d,
\o
la,gwgn
*lk ^*tl*
(n
^
f. *h-
hi
d"'ax--
Ab
rld
x
oO
ol
Ol
0
ffi
k{'s
0
t
0
l
o
o
oo
f,: )
,l=
{".
++,a
Prexr^* *loe
ava{<,ish'c
Eu",irun
ff\oo,ns ++.ra {+'Z r,arl sdte
f\p
Oafiog*
c-hoosa
ar,o\
S*a{e
Ab3
o
o
NeL+
*d B
FF,
el*ns a.e
aI^ +t@
no.Lr,,-s
FF
in *l,a
J-*.*}ty ob}aineJ
^A "-pesz/
i^
q(+f|) - Do
s+*,|
]1,2; ourtpJ
".hLh
l&Lc ,p*;FJ +la inpu
-3^6
LoJoL
Ab=4l
{ollous
A(++ {)
ts
Ls
(t+ t)
s;,nnp\iQ +hr,'"p-d
= DA
=
(Lts, n) ,
D, (A,g,x)
gCa , Br*)
-_
ey,.fio*s
, =l*1 s*
'-rbe
s'r,y>
Tr.-0_
*ria*+ay_
,,--J-
eo,,Jl'o
}<arnc.6h vnaf
Blt
t ,,j Dg=Ar+Blr
,lnr;a'i.4,'1r1, ,D PF
y,
,s
!,
-3? -
AB
J o,*p-i
*s
"{,
Da= Ax +
"8-11a
inp** naJrr
,{,
nl
(l,,?)
'(6,?)
% ^T*'
2(z ,r, +)
Excih,hoa_fuL!
,)he,-_
FFs
aJ<-
seol in
fo.
i^p.,,* eqAbbw
*i ^-,/- a4
*Lzs<-
-E.j
7K a..oL T FFs
tul,>" rlh.
Q(+)
Ecc'lol.bn
Ta.ble
k+
ll,,2
iL 1,ol-
nol nof-
SnlI,Uts |ki nr
u,l^a{tcr
J"
l**
'nr.
} 4 o"
,,,, _ Fto,,
To
ond
lK rllp.rbp
nputs
ilet
lnput
3tate
00
0l
0
0l
l0
l
l1
00
0
I
l
0
Hlp-Flop lnput
l I\
0XOX
a8
N3
0xlx
lxX|
0xxO
XOOX
XOlX
XOXO
X|xl
FF hp cg lun,ns are
fo,n l+ p,*u,,t
V
"bhin<J
l+e eu'klr'on
*a-bl<.
i'P't *,*!'''o,*
'nll+,,,od. IW nex| slab,,,
7*
s1",ph'
9e/,h *,,l,f
+L,+
l- se L dr^3"+
ac"
r* l.+'"
ry
(: Et
Ja= Bt
T*
.r
Je:s
Mrys fot J ud
lnF.rt
lKg=(/t
&xr=Ar+A/*l
antfu
Clack
For s/,npia,ly
\.
lhL
y.nfu.fbL
s;7ial k
:e'i,.J,,tb
e.
nol-,,u,wn
,.J.t
ind-l* loy?
iq,,,al_.
.b9-
onrt, b
S,{}*eis U-in&
Ftp - Flors
T" ll,Lilila" t/r* fvab},,-r' .l** * dagn a_ b;r+ e,nA<uSng T FFs, An n b;t bi^a2 ar-rJ<e. a,'sik *{ n Ftrs J1^oL
Co.-a, c,our* n,bnaa fu_, o Lo 2n_ ,
T*la
Sta.{e-
d-'aya"" a{a
}hr<a
flhe- Jr,,,e}<^
oJ<-
Solt.,,|'o,^L
c-.r*i-, St^k
"orrSAbn
the
we|
rh e |&k
I*ffi.ki_9
p.erent tatt
A A1
00
0t
0
tt
00
{xt trt
A*fu
ro
0l
00
01l
00
l0l
0
t
000
O
0
Il1
TlL
FF gyu'Jah'on {or
i r *d 4
l+,
wQ,*t
lha-
inspe-on
sf,aa.
_bj:ry_x"**fu
f
"
i"pu*s
,e\,i-
"",
Fllp.Flop input
rr T
Io
00t
0l
00
ll
00t
01
0o
1l
-.o-
TLe hhrel- FF< a< Sg,bolizJ b1 Ar, A|ra,,,al-Ao . Bingf! coun+/is a.e
wf len** papra,
}'o,l- e.ff,ta'e^+\ with T trFs becae h*
Th
FF
+t\^,
yvo(S a_
{*,tlows
.46
Iat *.'lA
Jn
* dn
-+l*
consJtua/e^d