Laxminarayan Institute of Technology, Nagpur Boys Hostel Presents,

Monthly magazine

2013

A Renaissance Of Thoughts
Issue for the Month of Feburary 2013

CHENIGMA Feb 2013

Laxminarayan Institute of Technology, Nagpur NATIONAL SERVICE SCHEME

Organize,

A Monthly Student Magazine

Chenigma is a monthly magazine where Technical staff, Non technical staff and students can share their views from students development point of view and new developments and programs involved and conducted in college and hostel. The articles accepted for the magazine are as below, 1. Technical literature. 2. Research work 3. Fictions and non fiction 4. Leisure 5. Puzzle. 6. Cartoons. 7. Poems All the students of B.Tech/ M.Tech are invited to participate in forming the magazine committee. Article in English, Hindi & Marathi language for the magazine are welcome from all. Please submit the articles for MARCH-13 issue to any of following Amol Ramning Mobile No- 9850356640 amol2012lit@gmail.com Head, Magazine committee, Student Development Cell, LIT Boys Hostel, Nagpur. Ashwin Bomble Mobile No- 9373064031
ashwinbomble@live.com

Editor, Magazine committee, Student Development Cell, LIT Boys Hostel, Nagpur.

Sayyad Farhan Ali MobileNo.9175414563 fs786000@gmail.com Secretary, Magazine committee Student Development Cell, LIT Boys Hostel, Nagpur.
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Supporting Team-

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Nikhil Patil (Final year B. Tech. Chem. Engg.) Pravin Mali (Final year B. Tech. Chem. Tech.) Dhanjay ghuge (Final year B. Tech. Chem. Tech.) Aniket Tongale (Final year B. Tech. Chem. Engg.) Amey Wankhede (Final year M. Tech. Chem. Tech.)

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Thoughts from the Wardens Desk, The dream of a CHENIGMA Magazine with a bunch of quality and diverse articles comes in reality and we are very glad to present CHENIGMA in your hands on this auspicious occasion. Keeping in mind that good start is a half finish; we started with a great positive frame of mind. The sincere efforts and dedication ensures the dream coming to a reality. We realize if there is a desire a path with apprehensive hurdles sounds like a cake walk, a ray of light follows our path; the uncertainty fades up to convert expectations to an achievement. In this journey of joy we express our gratitude towards all of those who are responsible to make this Magazine a success. The involvement of the volunteers and the dedication of the contributors is a fascinating. We are thankful for the support gained by the faculties and other departments in the form of the contribution. The articles in this newsletter with different colors and shades have made this white paper to blossom. The articles ranging from the warm emotions which are close to the heart to the mind-blowing thoughts. The inspiration can be drawn from the Shivaji Maharaj Jayanti function and Hostel day celebration-2013. It reminds us about the fascinating personalities who have set themselves as an example. The talent has to be challenged to get out of the shell is proved in the Rowlings struggle which gave birth to a great fantasy Harry Potter, which shows the power of silent tears, poured on papers supported by a rare imagination. From the question mark it is clear that things are never trivial and the mystery unfolds with history. The couple of poems remind childhood for a while. Poets cherish the past golden era along with the great future vision regarding the blending of academic subjects. The poems suggest sacrifices to be made in Love and segregate it from the materialistic world. The philosophical touch to a hole in street teaches a fruitful lesson. The philosophy of life is unfolded in the rhythmic way. The technical events conducted in the event and the Cultural events would develop the personality of the students. The Industrial defined problem competition conducted will help the students to think in a creative way. We hope this offering of a bunch of articles will be a memorable one. We hope we will be successful in exploring the raw talent and giving an ample opportunity to express them in the forthcoming editions. Dr. N. M. Patil Warden, LIT Boys Hostel, Nagpur.

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Thoughts from the Presedents Desk, CHENIGMA Magazine - A renaissance of thoughtsI give me a great pleasure to express my thoughts on the occasion of the inauguration of the magazine. All the students have contributes there best for the success of the Hostel day cum Shivaj Maharaj jayanti function Garjanawhich was conducted for last 4 days from 16th February 19th February. Various activities were conducted with a view to give a back ground for student developments. The Technical activities like Industrial defined problem, General knowledge Quiz competition, Chemical Engineering Quiz competition were outstanding. The cultural events like Dance and drama competition were very up to the sprit. The other competations like debate and speech competitions were very motivational and energetic. I invite all the Boys and Girls from college and hostel to take participation in the competition and make the event a grand success. I thank the magazine committee for bringing out the monthly magazine within a short time. Sushil Patil President Student development cell, LIT (Boys) Hostel,Nagpur

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Thought From the Editor Desk Pen is mightier than sword On the very great inauguration of the Chemical monthly magazine I would like to thank all those who directly or indirectly helped to create the magazine. On this occasion I would like to share one story In an era of Sidney Sheldon, Erich Segal and, Jeffrey Archer who with their lavish usage of vocabulary and awkward plots had attracted many, here comes a lady who had emerged successfully with the same formula used by Shakespeare, in Hamlet, but he r works are exclusively for children. Its amazing that, her hero had become hugely popular with adults too! J.K.Rowling, with the creation of a bespectacled heroHarry Potter mesmerized millions of people all over the world even children below 5. But then, how come the writer enchanted millions, that everyone is wild about Harry? Harry walked into her mind not in a day or twoshes been a writer from the age of six ! A look back at her personal life.She was teaching English in Portugal and had then married a journalist. The marriage was short-lived but Rowling had just then given birth to a baby girl, Jessica. Rowling had been abandoned and had to pack off from her in- laws place. She then arrived in Edinburgh .She had a friend who had a baby boy. Following her invitation, she visited her place and she was bewildered to see his bedroom full of toys while Jessicas toys fitted into a shoe box. Depression and anger tormented Rowling. She started writing the books for herself, and it reached the outside world, with much difficulty. As years rolled by, with the creation of a hero who enchanted children, her books had been at the top of best sellers lists. And, millions of copies were sold all over the world. Things had revolutionized that, she bought a house in London by herself. Now that, she has to buy a castle to dump her kids toys! However, Jessica, like all other children had to wait till the publication day to find out what Harry does next. When her third series of Harry Potter was released, she got remarried. Simplicity is the charm of Rowling, for whom, Children are a writers dream. Having a writer as a daughter is an immense pleasure for her mother even if only a copy of her books was ever sold! For Rowling, Jane Austens Emma was the best twist ever in Literature. Rowling was not revengeful towards her first husband, rather worked constructively and established a unique strand for herself. To me, had he not divorced her, her identity would have been lost. The book buyers, hence have to thank him, for the reason that, ditching the helpless philanthropist had proven to be a blessing in disguise! Joane Kathleen Rowling rather symbolizes an ideal feministic character adventurous, bewitching, calm, dynamic and peaceful with silent tears that would not, perhaps did not long last Hats off to Rowling! Amol Ramning Editor, CHENIGMA, Chemical Magazine.

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Technical Section

Analysis of cooking oil collected from Canteen &Hostel Mess Sample details: 1. Canteen: Sr. N o 1. 2. Sample Fresh oil Fried oil Quantity in ml 250 200 Temp. of oil in oc @ sampling time 25 70 Date 11/02/2013 13/02/2013

2. Old Hostel Mess: Sr. No 1. 2. Sample Fresh Oil Fried Oil Quantity in ml 250 250 Temp. of oil in oc @ sampling time 27 75 Date 11/02/2013 13/02/2013

3. New Hostel Mess: Sr. No 1. 2. Sample Fresh Oil Fried Oil Quantity in ml 250 250 Temp. of oil in oc @ sampling time 27 75 Date 11/02/2013 11/02/2013

Analysis of cooking Oil: 1. Canteen: Sr. No 1. 2. Sample Fresh Oil Fried Oil Acid Value in mg KOH/gm 1.27 8.9 Peroxide Value 2.19 Viscosity in sec 55 53

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2. Old Hostel Mess: Sr. No 1. 2. Sample Fresh Oil Fried Oil Acid Value in mg KOH/gm 1.24 6.55 Peroxide Value 1.15 Viscosity in sec 54 44

3. New Hostel Mess: Sr. No 1. 2. Sample Fresh Oil Fried Oil Acid Value in mg KOH/gm 1.3 8.1 Peroxide Value 1.15 Viscosity in sec 51 42

There are certain quality parameters that should be tested while using high quantity oils and fats for masses. Peroxide Value It is an indication of oil freshness and quality. When double bonds of unsaturated fats are oxidized the peroxides are formed within the product making oil and fat unsuitable for use. When oil is used several times for frying food or when the oil is kept in unsuitable environment such as in contact with moist atmospheric air, light and heat cause deterioration of oil, loss of nutritive value and generation of toxic substances. Vegetable oil contains high level of unsaturation which tends to develop rancidity easily. The products like aldehydes, ketones, alcohol, acid, polymer and peroxide are end products of cooking oil causing degradation and are responsible for rancidity, colour change off-odours and flavour. The maximum level for peroxide value of edible fats and oils was established by the Ministry of Public Health (Notification No.205/B.E.2543) at 10 mill equivalents per kilogram of fats or oils. The rapid screening on peroxide value of cooking oil should be applied to control the quality of cooking oils. Health Effects: - Consuming deteriorated cooking oil causes 1. Loss of nutritive value. 2. Linoleic acid and vitamins A, D & E destruction. 3. Polymerized oil and toxic substances present in degraded oil may be carcinogenic. Acid value It is a measure of the free fatty acids level in oil. Normally, fatty acids in oil & fats are found in the form of triglyceride. However, during processing the fatty acids may get hydrolyzed into the free fatty acid (FFA) due to breakdown of total glycerides at double bonds. The higher level of acid value indicates higher level of free fatty acids present in oil and decreased oil quality.
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Cooking oil deterioration is accelerated by light, heat, water, acids, enzymes and microorganisms. Its effects result in the formation of off-odours and flavours, reduction or destruction of essential fatty acids, generating of glycerol, free fatty acids and toxic products. The maximum levels for acid value of edible fats and oils were established by the Ministry of Public Health (Notification No. 205/B.E.2543) at 0.5 mg KOH/1 g oil for refined fats and refined oils or mixed fats/oils, 1.0 mg KOH/1 g oil for mixed fats and mixed oils, and 4.0 mg KOH/1g oil for natural fats and natural oils. The rapid screening on acid value of fats and oils should be applied to control the quality of cooking oil. Health Impact: - Consuming deteriorated cooking oils: 1. Causes loss of nutritional value due to the destruction of essential fatty acids (For Ex. linoleic acid and vitamins A, D and E). 2. Causes health hazards due to presence of toxic products. 3. Generation of off-odor and off-flavor making oil unsuitable for use.
Akash More Lahu Palave B. Tech 3rd Year Chemical Tech.

Laxminarayan Institute of Technology, Student Development Cell

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Technical Section Comparison between Steam Ejector three-stage & Hijet single-stage VACUUM DISTILLATION UNIT in Petroleum Refinery for

Hijet International, Inc. provide vacuum and compression systems which offer the optimum in efficiency, reliability and cost. The heart of all Hijet System is the Hijector, a liquid jet ejector of proprietary design. Basic operating principle of a Hijectoris a momentum transfer from a high-velocity and high-dispersed motive liquid to gas or vapours, formation of a supersonic two-phase flow, subsequent braking of the flow and thus converting kinetic energy of liquid into potential energy of compressed gas. Discharge from the Hijector is separated in a 2-or 3-phase separator. A centrifugal or reciprocating pump is used to circulate the motive fluid. Heat from near-isothermal compression is removed in a cooler. Compressed gas is discharged into pressure lines for clean-up, fuel, venting or other uses. Any process stream, water or other liquid compatible with the process requirements can be used as a motive liquid. Where gas clean-up is necessary, the Hijet System can function as scrubbers well as a compressor and can be easily integrated into existing process units. Advantages: 1) Do not need steam 2) Eliminates HC losses and reprocessing 3) Controlled pressure to 1 psia 4) No sour water 5) No additional pump 6) Save on utility & maintenance 7) Benefits of HVCS Nth steam jet replacement Advantages: 1) Reduce steam 2) Reduce CW 3) Eliminate problems of burning off gas in low pressure burner 4) Amine treatment 5) Simple & Reliable to Operate Parameter Vacuum column Pressure Gas Flow from vacuum column Motive steam consumption Cooling water consumption Electric power Requirement Operation time (1 year) Steam Ejector three-stage 40 mm Hg 1,150 kg/h 7.0 tons/h 420 m3/h 0 kW 8,520 h Hijet single-stage 40 mm Hg 1,150 kg/h 0 tons/h 100 m3/h 1,000 kW 8,520 h
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HP steam consumption/yr CW consumption / year Power consumption /year Cost of HP steam / year Cost of cooling water/yr Cost of electric power/yr 59,640 t 3,578,400 m3 0 $656,040 $107,352 $0 0t 852,000 m3 8,520,000 kWh $0 $25,560 $511,200

Comparison between Steam Ejector three-stage & Hijet single-stage Liquid Ring Vacuum Pump for VDU Next to ejectors, Liquid Ring Vacuum Pumps are the most used vacuum-producing devices in industry. Graham manufactures a complete line of these pumps in our own factory. The operating principle of the liquid ring vacuum pump is that the only moving part is an eccentrically mounted impeller within a ring of liquid. Pump action is created by increasing and decreasing spaces between the impeller blades and liquid ring. Process gases enter and leave these spaces (impeller buckets) through adjacent ports in sideplates next to the impeller. These single- or two-stage pumps can achieve pressure ranges from atmospheric to 25 TORR. Graham units offer design simplicity, high efficiency, low maintenance, and the capability to handle wet corrosive process streams. A complete line of spare parts is always available at our Batavia, NY plant.

Fig.Liquid Ring vacuum Pump

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Applications: Liquid ring vacuum pumps are used in the Refining Industry-for crude oil vacuum distillation, lube oil dryers, and for asphalt production; and in the Power Industry to evacuate steam surface condensers. Other industries (food, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, hospitals, pulp & paper, etc.) use liquid ring vacuum pumps extensively. LIQUID RING VACUUM PUMP BENEFITS 1) Reliable, simple design involves only one rotating part, which is not subject to wear. 2)Can handle condensible vapors or even slugs of liquid entrained in the gas stream without damage to the pump or affecting performance. 3)Produces a steady non-pulsating gas flow when it is used as either a vacuum pump or compressor. 4) Resistant to contaminants entering with the gas stream; these will be diluted and washed through the pump by the seal liquid. 5)Wide choice of materials are readily available for handling most gases and seal liquids.

-SAYYAD FARHAN ALI FINAL YEAR B TECH (PETROLEUM REFINING & PETROCHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY)

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Technical Section NEEM OIL METHYL ESTER A SUBSTITUTE FOR DIESEL FUEL

The Biodiesel can be prepared by use of Neem oil as a feed stock. As Neem trees are commonly found in Southeast Asia i.e. India, A mature Neem tree produces 30 to 50 kg fruit every season. The neem seed has a its high oil content of 39.7 to 60%. The Neem oil can be available without shortage of feed stock and with lower cost. Neem oil contains a high percentage of monounsaturated fatty acids (C16:1, C18:1), a low proportion of polyunsaturated acids (C18:2, C18:3) and a controlled amount of saturated fatty acids (C16:0, C18:0). The aforementioned characteristics of neem oil plants and its fatty acid composition of the oil make it to be a useful renewable source for biodiesel production. The main factors affecting the transterification reaction are the amount of alcohol and catalyst; reaction temperature, Pressure and reaction time; the content of free fatty acids (FFA) and water in oils. The conversion is very complicated if the Oil contains higher amount of FFA i.e. more than 1% w/w. the acid value of Neem oil is very high i.e. 10.92 mg KOH / Gm of oil sample. Due to high acid value of neem oil a two stage esterification cum transterification process has to be followed to convert neem oil into Neem oil methyl ester (Biodiesel). If 2 stage is not followed the oil sample will get converted in to soap form. This soap can prevent separation of the biodiesel from the glycerine fraction . The basic reaction involved in the production of biodiesel also called fatty acid methyl esters. Reaction between triglycerides with methanol in the presence of a strong base as a catalyst yielding the desired FAME and a byproduct. The triglycerides used in alkaline transesterification reactions should contain not contain more than 1% free fatty acids (FFA),which is equivalent to 2 mg KOH/g triglyceride, otherwise saponification reaction will hinder separation of the ester from glycerine thereby reducing the yield and formation rate of FAME. A two step acid base catalyzed esterification reaction followed by transesterification reaction has been shown to be appropriate for biodiesel production from neem oil due to its high FFA(Acid value) i.e. 10.92 mg KOH/gm of oil sample the pretreatment of the oil is critical before the alkaline transesterification .

Response Surface Methodology The production of a fuel is experimental process which involves the experimental process like the reaction time required for the chemical process, the reaction temperature, the type catalyst used and its concentration, Number of stages required, the reaction time required for the process, the type of reaction method. This all data cannot be received by literature survey. Some experimental works have to be carried out to get a final conclusion. The Experimentation is an application of treatment to experimental units, and then measurement of one or more responses. With the increasing competition and existence in market, the manufacturer needs to produce the products i.e. quality and quantity with a least Laxminarayan Institute of Technology, Student Development Cell Page 13

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cost. The process product yield and quality depends on operational parameters which can be optimized using mathematical models. This is possible by optimizing every step in manufacturing line i.e. Chemical process and Chemical Operations. This can be achieved with experience and research in the corresponding field but these things require plenty of time. In recent time there is a method which can be used which works on the principle of statics and mathematics which can optimize the process parameter in very less time. This Mathematical modeling of the process is called as RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY (RSM). It is a scientific method which require observed and gathered data regarding the working of process and system works with less use of chemicals, laboratory equipments and setups, manpower, and saves valuable time with getting perfect results . Here the project work explains the finding of experiment carried out to optimize the pretreatment process for reducing the FFA content of oil below 1% for maximum biodiesel production. The work focuses on the reaction parameters that affect conversion of FFAs from oil in a double reaction i.e. Esterification reaction and Transterification reaction with methanol using H2SO4 as a catalyst in Esterification reaction followed by Methanol with KOH as a Catalyst in Transterification reaction. The main focus of the project is to develop an approach that would enable researchers to develop a better understanding between the variables i.e. Methanol to Oil ratio, Catalyst Concentration, Reaction Time and the response is against the Acid value of the Treated oil after Etherification reaction and acid value of Biodiesel after Transterification reaction. This is done by doing the mathematical modeling for getting the optimum condition for Production of Neem oil Methyl Ester (NOME) in a batch process using Response surface methodology (RSM). For full length Research paper refer Research Journal of Recent science ISC-2012 www.isca.in Amol Ramning M. Tech 2nd Chemical Tech.

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Poem section
Let me wish!!
Those were the days when life was best, Joys were more and sorrows less. Open air all around, when bird was in nest, Caring was more and burdens less. Time has beard of all hues now, Bright less and greyish more. Songs have lost their charms now, Music less and instruments more, Life clashes with joys and sorrows, For, now it is an open ring. Sorrows here and joys in burrows, Who knows when bells will ring? Dawn is breaking and night a past Year is ending to follow again. Hope is nearing and expectations vast But will I be a child again? Nilesh Mali B. Tech 2nd Chemical Tech.

Subjects
Theres lot to learn besides Physics and Chemistry Theres Thermodynamic, Mass Transfer and bits of CRE. Mathematics you cant do without If you dont know it, ideas in your brain wont sprout. For first aid and emergencies Mechanics is what you need to know, It is as important as the others, Im telling you so. To know where you are going Electrical is what youll need, Whether it is east or west it will lead. Computers are essential in todays world, It is impossible to do without one I am told. By reading the newspaper your G.K. you must build, Keep your brain updated and filled, with news and information that interest you, And remember to take note of anything new. So, come on friends lets put these together, And stir until a student who will ace and excel emerges.
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Akshay Pawar B. Tech 2nd Chemical Tech.

I wish
It does not interest me to be keen at your fame, money and shareBut I wish to be touched with your sweet affection and care. It does not interest me to celebrate your joys and happiness but I wish to cry with you when you are in deep distress it does not interest me to pay attention to you whenever you are nearbut I wish to tell you my eyes follow you wherever you are it does not interest you if I utter that all are rest-first in my life but I wish to refrain because it is you and only you who is my life!!

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Farhan Ali B. Tech Final year Chemical Tech.

Learning to do things better

I walk down the street. There is a hole. I didnt see it. I fall in. It isnt my fault. It takes a very long to get out. I walk down the same street. There is still a deep hole. I pretend not to see it. I fall in. I pretend it is still not my fault. It takes a long time to get out. I walk down the same street. There is still the same deep hole. I see it. I fall in anyway. Its a habbit. I get out quicker this time. I walk down the same street. There is the same deep hole. I see it. I walk around it. I dont fall in Next time when I walk,
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I choose a different street.

Pankaj Waghode B. Tech 2nd Chemical Tech.

Have You
Have you ever fallen in love? To give one fist of the light, Ever burnt your life? In spite of having wounded fingers, Ever picked thorns from someones way? To offer someone a shadow, Ever covered yourself with sunshine? After losing into someone, Ever found yourself? Having seen the lightning of those eyes, Ever felt the rain within you? To give a rainbow to the sky, Ever lost your sun? In the memory of someone, Ever cried at the wall of the temple? Have you ever fallen in love? Nikhil Patil B. Tech Final year Chemical Engg.

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Rhythmic voice of life... R-Read "Read not to contradict and confute, nor to believe and take for granted, nor to find talk and discourse, but to weigh and consider." -Bacon H-Honesty Making our heart honest in this way brings the blessing of being deeply trusted by others. Y-Your Vision "Your vision will become clear only when you can look into your own heart. Who looks outside, dreams; who looks inside, awakens." -Carl Jung T-Thought of kindness and love "The best portion of your life is a little, nameless and unremembered act of your kindness and love." William Wordsworth H-Hope "We must accept finite disappointment, but we must never lose infinite hope" - Martin Luther King M-Marriage "Marriage is like a Mirage; it's not what you always think It is the platform to bring spiritual affinity with inquisitiveness for
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searching the everlasting and divine truth of life. I-Inspiration Without inspiration the best powers of the mind remain dormant, there is a fuel in us which needs to be ignited with sparks - Johann Gottfried Von Herder C-Commitment "The quality of our life is in direct proportion to our commitment to excellence, regardless of our chosen field of endeavor" - Vincent Lombard
Dhananjay Gughe B. Tech Final Year Chemical Tech.

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marazI kivata

Rohit Tak B. Tech Final Year Chemical Engg.

- Aniket Tongle. B. Tech Final Year Chemical Engg. Laxminarayan Institute of Technology, Student Development Cell Page 21

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Ankush patil B. Tech 2nd year Chemical Tech.

- Nishant wanjari B. Tech Final Year Chemical Engg. Laxminarayan Institute of Technology, Student Development Cell Page 22

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Non Fiction Section
Question mark (?) Who are you? How old are you? These are simple to answer. If one asks this type of WH questions to any materialistic world, then I am pretty sure, one can discover many new things. Now it wonders what this end symbol (?) stands for. In any language if any question is asked, it is ended with the symbol (?). It is called a symbol of question mark. This is the combination of two symbols, one curly line and a dot. The dot represents the end of a statement. But the curly line along with the dot means a question of the statement. It means the second person has to reply back some positive response to the asked questions. In the middle age the writers of Latin were putting this symbol (q) at the end of questionable statement. This (q) is the Latin word qosochios first letter. According to time chronology the letterq turned into (?) symbol. Although this symbol (?) looks like human ear, it has nothing to do with ear. According to history around 800AD in the era of emperor Karlemagne people were using this symbol to indicate resisting something that was happening. Towards its origin there is a story which is related to the song. In the old days, in some part of the song, the symbol (~) was used. This means that the pitch of some words of the song will be little higher. To quote any statement if this symbol was used, it was meant that it has to be given more importance. So todays question mark has some similarity with the song symbol of old Latin literature. The presently used question mark symbol came around 1400 AD in different manner. This symbol was based on the humanist script that was being used around 1300AD. Around 1600 AD this symbol was accepted by all. In other part of Europe, for some time this symbol was used in the opposite manner ( ). But it did not last for long. It ended around 1600AD. The famous coin maker Aldus Mounituous was using this symbol. There after all the Roman and Italian questionable statement were ended with the symbol (?). In Spain a straight question mark symbol was created 1700 AD. It was assumed at that time that this symbol was not affecting the people too much, one of the reasons may be due to accepting the other culture. In 1739 this problem was taken in to the committee and resolved that for any enquiring statement the statement should be started with inverted ( ) and end with (?). But it took around two decades to implement it fully. But it confused with the end of the previous statement ending with a full stop. So in the later stage the starting inverted ( ) was removed and only at the end (?) was used and from then it is being used.

Pravin Mali B. Tech Final Year Chemical Tech.

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