June 2012

COMSYDE QUIZ 1
Reviewer Network (Lecture 1) 1. Network (management view) a utility that accommodates the needs of the customers, that requires resources and is not free but needs payment and manpower 2. Network (technical view) can be thought of as three things, connections, communications, and services 3. (Connections) Wire/Fiber transport mechanisms, routers, switches/hubs, computers hardware that ties network together 4. (Communications) Software a common language for 2 systems to communicate with each other 5. (Services) cooperation between 2 or more systems to perform some function 6. Conceptual (little detail), logical, physical (most detail) 3 schema view of network design 7. Conceptual user level network requirements, management level network requirements, etc. 8. Logical network level requirements based on conceptual design (the big picture), network protocol, sub-netting, network topology to use, block diagram type design 9. Physical hardware level requirements, equipment location, physical security, etc. 10. New network design, re-engineering a network design, network expansion design types of network design 11. New network design start from scratch, no legacy networks to accommodate, major driver is budget 12. Re-engineering a network design modifications to an existing network 13. Network expansion design expand network capacity, technology upgrades, add more users 14. Standard organizations provide forums for discussion, help turn discussion into formal specs 15. International Organization for Standardization (ISO) responsible for a wide range of standards, including those relevant to networking (OSI reference model) 16. American National Standards Institute (ANSI) coordinating body for voluntary standards groups within the US (FDDI) 17. Electronic Industries Association (EIA) specifies electrical transmission standards 18. Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) professional organization that defines network standards 19. International Telecommunication Union Telecommunication Standardization (ITU-T) formerly the CCITT, develops communication standards (X.25) 20. Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG), Internet Architecture Board (IAB), Internet Society (ISOC), Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA), Internet Research Task Force (IRTF) groups responsible for Internet 21. Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) large open international community of network designers, operators, vendors, and researchers concerned with the evolution of the Internet architecture and the smooth operation of the Internet 22. Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG) responsible for technical management of IETF activities and the Internet standards process 23. Internet Architecture Board (IAB) technical advisory group of the Internet society 24. Internet Society (ISOC) professional membership society, provides leadership in addressing issues that confront the future of the Internet 25. Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) central coordinator for the assignment of unique parameter values for Internet protocols Telecomms and Networks 26. Communications the message (data and information) is communicated via the signal 27. Transmission medium carries the signal 28. Communications device machine that assists date transmission 29. Communications software - programs that make it possible to transmit data 30. Telecommunications electronic transmission of signals for communications, including such means as telephone, radio, television
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June 2012 31. Telecommunication medium anything that carries an electronic signal and interfaces between a sending device and a receiving device 32. Air transmission medium in human speech 33. Cable transmission medium in telecommunications 34. Data communications specialized subset of telecommunications that refers to the electronic collection, processing and distribution of data typically between computer system hardware devices 35. Telecommunication devices relay signals between computer systems and transmission media 36. Computer network the communications media, devices, and software needed to connect two or more computer systems and devices; used to share hardware, programs, and databases across the organization; fosters teamwork, innovative ideas, and new business strategies 37. Twisted pair wire cable insulated pairs of wires historically used in telephone service and to connect computer devices, least expensive; composed of two independently insulated wires, one grounded and the other absorbing signal interference 38. Coaxial cable consists of an inner conductor wire surrounded by insulation, called the dielectric; primary type of cabling used by the cable television industry 39. Dielectric surrounded by a conductive shield, which is surrounded by a non-conductive jacket. Coaxial cable has better data transmission than twisted pair 40. Fiber optic cable many extremely thin strands of glass or plastic bound together in a sheathing which transmits signals with light beams, can be used for voice, data, and video 41. Greater bandwidth, less susceptible to interference, much thinner and lighter, capable of transmitting data digitally rather than analogically advantages of fiber optics over metal wires 42. Expensive to install, more fragile than wire and difficult to split disadvantages of fiber optics over metal wires 43. Microwave communications line-of-sight devices which must be placed in relatively high locations 44. Microwave usage information is converted to a microwave signal, sent through the air to a receiver, and recovered 45. Satellite transmission communications satellites are relay stations that receive signals from one earth station and rebroadcast them to another, use microwave signals 46. Cellular transmission signals from cells are transmitted to a receiver and integrated into the regular network 47. Infrared transmission involves sending signals through the air via light waves, requires line-of-sight and short distances (few hundred yards), used to connect various computing devices such as handheld computers 48. Modem modulates a digital signal into an analog signal for transmission via analog medium, then demodulates the signal into digital for receiving, acronym for modulator-demodulator 49. RS-232 standard interface for connecting external modems 50. Onboard or internal modems modems that come as an expansion board that you can insert into a vacant expansion slot 51. Multiplexer allows several telecommunications signals to be transmitted over a single telecommunications medium at the same time 52. Demultiplexer separates multiplexed signals from a transmission line 53. Mux other name for multiplexer 54. Front-end processor special purpose computers that manage communication to and from a computer system 55. Carriers organizations that take the responsibility of ensuring telecommunications can effectively take place between enterprises 56. Common carriers long-distance telephone companies 57. Value-added carriers companies that have developed private telecommunications systems and offer their services for a fee 58. Switched lines lines that use switching equipment to allow one transmission device to be connected to other transmission devices 59. Dedicated line a line that provides constant connection between two points; no switching or dialing is needed 60. Private Branch Exchange (PBX) communications system that can manage both voice and data transfer within a location and to outside lines 61. Wide Area Telecommunication Service (WATS) billing method for heavy users of voice services 62. Phone and dialing services includes automatic number identification, integration of telephones and PCs, access code screening, call priorities, one number portability, intelligent dialing
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June 2012 63. Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) technology that uses existing common-carrier lines to simultaneously transmit voice, video, and image data in digital form 64. T1 carriers an expensive service developed by AT&T to increase the number of voice calls that could be handled through existing cables 65. Digital Subscriber Lines (DSL) uses existing phone wires going into todays homes and businesses to provide transmission speeds exceeding 500kbps at a cost of $100-$300 per month 66. Centralized processing data processing that occurs in a single location or facility 67. Decentralized processing data processing that occurs when devices are placed at various remote locations 68. Distributed processing data processing that occurs when computers are placed at remote locations but are connected to each other via telecommunications devices 69. Network topology a logical model that describes how networks are structured or configured 70. Hierarchical topology uses treelike structures with messages passed along the branches of the hierarchy 71. Hybrid topology network made up of various types of topologies 72. Local Area Network (LAN) connects computer systems and devices in the same geographic area 73. Wide Area Network (WAN) ties together large geographic regions using microwave and satellite transmission or telephone lines 74. International Network links systems between countries 75. Terminal-to-Host connection applications and databases reside on the same host computer, user interacts with the application using a dumb terminal 76. File server connection applications and databases reside on same host computer, file server transfers data and programs to PCs on the network, where these target PCs perform most of the processing 77. Client/Server connection applications and databases reside on specialized host computers, servers do most or all of the processing and transmit the results to the client 78. Reduced cost potential, improved performance, increased security advantages of Client/Server 79. Increased cost potential, loss of control, complex multi-vendor environment disadvantages of Client/Server 80. Communications software provides error checking, message formatting, communications logs, data security and privacy, and translation capabilities for networks 81. Network operating system (NOS) systems software that controls the computer systems and devices on a network and allows them to communicate with each other 82. Network management software enables a manager on a networked desktop to monitor the use of individual computers and shared hardware, scan for viruses, and ensure compliance with software licenses 83. Protocol rules that ensure communications among computers of different types and from different manufacturers 84. Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Model serves as a standard model for network architectures and is endorsed by the International Standards Committee, communication functions are represented in seven layers to promote the development of modular networks 85. Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) standard originally developed by the US government to link defense research agencies; it is the primary communication protocol of the Internet 86. Systems Network Architecture (SNA) IBM communication protocol 87. Ethernet protocol standard developed for LANs using a bus topology 88. X.400 and X.500 an international standard for message handling and network directories 89. Bridge connects two or more networks, with the same protocol, at the media control portions of the data link layer 90. Router operates at the network level of the OSI model and features more sophisticated addressing software than bridges, can determine preferred paths 91. Gateway operates at or above the OSI transport layer and links LANs or networks that employ different architectures and use dissimilar protocols 92. Switch routes or switches data to its destination 93. Application Layer 7 of OSI Model 94. Presentation Layer 6 of OSI Model 95. Session Layer 5 of OSI Model 96. Transport Layer 4 of OSI Model 97. Network Layer 3 of OSI Model 98. Data link Layer 2 of OSI Model
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June 2012 99. Physical Layer 1 of OSI Model 100. Linking personal computers to mainframe computers download and upload information 101. Voice mail enables users to leave, receive, and store verbal messages for and from other users 102. Electronic mail (E-mail) enables a sender to connect a computer to a network, type messages, and send it to another person on the network 103. Electronic software distribution involves installing software on a file server for users to share by signing onto the network and requesting that the software be downloaded onto their computers over a network 104. Electronic document distribution transporting documents over communications lines and networks 105. Telecommuting enables employees to work away from the office using personal computers and networks to communicate via electronic mail with other workers and to pick up and deliver results 106. Videoconferencing allows participants to conduct long-distance meetings face-to-face while eliminating 107. Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) uses network systems and follows standards and procedures that allow output from one system to be processed directly as input to other systems, without human intervention 108. Public network services services that give personal computer users access to vast databases and other services, usually for an initial fee plus usage fees 109. Specialized and regional information services specialized electronic bulletin boards and e-mail services targeting particular interests 110. Distance learning use of telecommunications to extend the classroom Cable Considerations 111. IEC 60228 standard on conductors of insulated cables, describes a wire by its cross-sectional area 112. Mechanical strength, weight, resistance, maximum current things related to cross-sectional area 113. Class refers to the flexibility of a conductor a. Class 1 solid conductor b. Class 2 stranded conductor intended for fixed installation c. Class 5 flexible conductor d. Class 6 very flexible conductor 114. Size the nominal cross-sectional area for standard conductors a. Class 2 minimum number of strands required to make particular conductor size b. Class 5 and 6 maximum diameter of any component strand of the conductor 115. Resistance the required maximum resistance (in ohms/km) of each conductor size, class and type (both plain copper and metal coated) 116. AWG also known as the Brown & Sharpe wire gauge, a standardized wire gauge system used since 1857 predominantly in the US, specifies the diameters of round, solid, nonferrous, electrically conducting wire; increasing gauge numbers give decreasing wire diameters 117. UL Wire Markings 118. Power Wire Color Code 119. Temperature, humidity, acidity, exposure to direct sunlight, vermin condition, maintenance access, mechanical vibration environmental conditions to be determined before layouting cable/media 120. Bending radius, pulling tension physical specifications of media/cable 121. EMI, crosstalk wire groupings to prevent interference 122. Separation of power and data cables 123. Supports and conduits used to eliminate physical or mechanical stress or strain to the media, provide safety, aesthetically pleasing 124. Fire safety determine if the cable can cause or sustain a fire, for certain areas the cable should not emit dangerous gasses during fires, fire shielding and fire stopping 125. Length of conduit run, number of bends in the run, radius of bends, accessibility points, construction of the cables, insulation rating, tolerance of conduit dimensions, conductor material, space for future extensions factors for conduit maximum capacity 126. Cable trays supports cables and conduits, prevents cables from sagging and putting stress on the conductors 127. Earthing, grounding and bonding essentially covers all aspects of ensuring that all exposed and other extraneous conductive surfaces are connected to earth and all cable screens are effectively earthed
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June 2012 128. Bonding often taken to mean earthing, but really means more than just connection to earth, better term is equipotential bonding 129. Earthing connection of the exposed conductive parts of an installation to the main earthing terminal of that installation 130. Equipotential bonding electrical connection putting various exposed conductive parts and extraneous conductive parts at a substantially equal potential 131. Grounding a conducting connection, whether intentional or accidental, between an electrical circuit or equipment and the earth 132. Raised floor type of floor used in office buildings with a high requirement for servicing to carry cables, wiring, etc; consists of a gridded metal framework 133. 2x2 feet or 60x60 cm usual size for panels in raised flooring 134. 6 inches or 15 cm clearance for height of raised floor 135. Steel-clad particleboard or steel panel with cementitious internal core usual makeup of panels in raised flooring 136. Dropped ceiling secondary ceiling, hung below the main ceiling 137. Drop ceiling, false ceiling, suspended ceiling other names for dropped ceiling 138. Plenum space area above the dropped ceiling 139. Sound Attenuation Batts (SABs) or sound batts, used to help deaden sounds and keep adjacent rooms quieter Cabling Structured Cabling Standards 140. Structured cabling foundation for any communications installation 141. Network cabling in the early 1980s, proprietary (non-standardized) designs were predominant 142. American National Standards Institute (ANSI) standards body 143. Telecommunication Industry Association (TIA) standards body 144. Electronics Industry Association (EIA) standards body a. EIA/TIA 568 first version of the standard, July 1991 b. TSB-36 technical systems bulletin specification for higher grades of UTP, August 1991 c. TSB-40 addresses higher grades of UTP, August 1992 d. TSB-40A UTP patch cords in more detail, clarify testing requirements for UTP modular jacks e. TIA/EIA-568A (CSA T529) Commercial Telecommunications Cabling Standard, specifies a generic telecommunications cabling system for commercial buildings that will support a multiproduct, multivendor environment f. EIA/TIA-569 (CSA T530) Commercial Building Standard for Telecoms Pathways and Spaces, encompasses telecommunications considerations both within and between buildings g. EIA/TIA-570 (CSA T525) Residential and Light Commercial Telecoms Wiring Standard h. TIA/EIA-606 (CSA T528) Administration Standard for the Telecoms Infrastructure of Commercial Buildings i. TIA/EIA-607 (CSA T527) Commercial Building Grounding/Bonding Requirements j. TSB-67 Transmission Performance Specs for Field Testing of Unshielded Twisted-Pair Cabling Systems; defines the allowable worst case attenuation and NEXT for an installed link k. TSB-72 Centralized Optical Fiber Cabling Guidelines 145. Minimum requirements for telecoms cabling within an office environment, recommended topology and distances, media parameters which determine performance, connector and pin assignments to ensure inter-connectability, useful life of telecoms cabling systems scope of the TIA/EIA-568A standard 146. Building entrance, equipment room, backbone cabling, telecoms closet, horizontal cabling, work area six subsystems of a structured cabling system 147. Entrance facility point where outside plant cables and associated hardware are brought into the building 148. Building Distribution Frame (BDF) equipment room which is the main distribution point for the building 149. Equipment room centralized space for communications equipment 150. Backbone cabling interconnections between closets and equipment rooms within a single building or between other buildings
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June 2012 151. Telecoms closet space where horizontal distribution cables are terminated 152. Horizontal cabling physical media used to connect each outlet to a closet 153. Work area connections and cabling on the other side of the telecoms jack 154. 568A implementation offers voice and data to each workstation, 2 jacks (voice and data) per station, 4 pair 100 ohm category 3 or better for voice jacks, 4 pair category 5 or better or multi-mode fiber for data jacks 155. Unshielded Twisted Pair cable (UTP), Shielded Twisted Pair cable (STP), Single and Multi-mode Fiber, Coaxial cable media types 156. 100 ohm UTP cabling for horizontal cable, backbone cable, and UTP connecting hardware and cords media and connecting hardware performance specs of 568 standard 157. TSB-67 standard 150 ohm STP-A for horizontal and backbone 158. Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) developed by IBM, rated at 20 MHz, newer ones at 300 MHz, more expensive and difficult to install than UTP, but not necessarily better 159. Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) most common type of cable, most common for Ethernet and LAN cabling, smaller, more flexible, and less expensive than STP 160. UTP cables a communications cable using one or more pairs of wires that are twisted together; four pair, 24 gauge 100 ohm copper cable, unbalanced, PVC or plenum jacket, has Category 3, 4, 5, Enhanced Category 5/Category 6 161. Twist pitch used in UTP cabling to identify the different length distance of different pairs within a single cable; varies between pairs 162. Category 3 transmission frequencies up to 16 MHz; intended for low speed data, telephone, 4 Mbs token ring, and 10 Mbs Ethernet applications 163. Category 4 transmission frequencies up to 20 MHz; suitable for all category 3 applications as well as 16 Mbs token ring 164. Category 5 transmission frequencies up to 100 MHz; most popular, suitable for all Category 3 and 4 applications as well as any copper based voice, video, or data application 165. Enhanced Category 5 and Category 6 high frequency applications such as Gigabit Ethernet and certainly ATM 166. Entire link or infrastructure must be composed of Category 5 components UTP installation considerations 167. Stranded UTP usually used for patch cables, made of flexible strands to make wire stronger and more flexible, not suitable for longer distances due to lower efficiency than Solid UTP 168. Solid UTP used in horizontal wiring, less flexible and more brittle than stranded cables, but cheaper and more efficient 169. 8 pin modular plugs used to terminate UTP patch cables, two standards: 568A and 568B 170. Multi-mode fiber uses LEDs to transmit data, offers a number of paths for light to traverse or travel down a cable, number of modes is determined by the wavelength of the light source and size of the core, 2 km maximum distance 171. Single mode fiber uses laser to transmit data, more focused single path for light to travel down, used in long distance high bandwidth applications

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