Accountability

Political and bureaucratic accountability Not only governmental institutions but also nongovernmental organizations be accountable to the public and stakeholders Also refers to establishing criteria to measure the performance of public officials

Responsibility
Government has the duty to respect protect promote and fulfill the rights of those who are on its territory

Responsiveness
Government responds to the needs of the people by ensuring the enjoyment of their rights.

 Equity and Inclusiveness All men and women have enough opportunity to improve and maintain their wellbeing. Ensuring that all members especially the vulnerable dont feel excluded the mainstream of society.

Effectiveness and Efficiency

Processes and institutions produce results so that meets needs of the people by making the best use of available resources Also covers sustainable use of natural resources and protection of environment

Rule of law and Independence of Judiciary

To what extent rules are abided by and implemented to all citizens on an equal basis. Good governance requires fair legal frameworks that are enforced impartially. It also advocates to protect human rights, secure social justice, guard against exploitation and abuse of power.

 An independent judiciary is indispensible for upholding rule of law

Strategic vision
Leaders and the public should have broad and longterm vision on human development along with a sense of what is needed for such development

Consensus orientation
This signifies mediating conflicting interests to reach a broad consensus on what is the best interest of the group as well as on policies.

Interlinkages among the elements of governance

Conceptually, the elements of governance indicated above tend to be mutually supportive and reinforcing. Accountability is often related to participation, and is also the ultimate safeguard of transparency. In the absence of accountability to affected groups, even predictable decision making of autonomous government agencies may result in the agency interests above those of the affected groups. Similarly, transparency and information openness cannot be assured without legal frameworks that balance the right to disclosure against the right of confidentiality, and without institutions that accept accountability. Again, predictability in the functioning of the legal framework would be helpful for ensuring the accountability of public institutions. At the same time, predictability also requires transparency, because without information about how similarly placed individuals have been treated, it may be difficult to ensure adherence to the rule of equality before the law. Finally, a transparent

system facilitates governmental accountability, participation, and predictability of outcomes.

How are good governance and human rights linked

Human rights and good governance are related in fundamental ways because good governance provides the sound basis for protecting and promoting human rights. Human rights constitute an intrinsic part of good governance because the guarantee of basic freedoms is a necessary condition for peoples voice to be effective in public affairs. Human rights principles provide a set of values to guide the work of government. On the other hand

without good governance, human rights cant be respected and protected in a sustainable manner.

No Good Governance without Human Rights.

Unless there are provisions for civil and political rights that help ensure transparency, accountability, responsibility and participation of the government to the needs of the people, there will be no safeguard against arbitrary exercise of power and corruption. At the same time CP rights can only be meaningfully enjoyed when ESC rights are fulfilled.

No Human Rights without Good Governance

Most fundamental right for exercising other rights is right to life and this requires physical security and access to basic necessities of life. Only an accountable, responsive and transparent government

is far more likely to respect and ensure this security and necessities.

True test of good governance is the degree to which it delivers the promise of human rights- civil, political, economic, social and cultural.

In case of delivering State service to the public, good governance advances human rights by improving the States capacity to fulfill its responsibility which is essential for the protection of a number of rights such as right to education, health, food.

Problems of Implementation of Good Governance in South Asia

 Failure of political parties Dynasty syndrome, lack of practice of democracy within parties Confrontational politics and malfunctioning Parliament Flaws in Electoral System Absence of Effective Decentralization of Power Control and Prevention of Corruption Poverty, Deprivation and Extreme Inequality High Illiteracy and Population Growth Unresponsive and Inefficient Bureaucracy Inappropriate Military Spending

Common Agenda for Overcoming Problems of Good Governance

Recognizing the sovereignty of People Redefining the Role of the State

 Effective Decentralization of Power Reforms in Electoral System Economic Growth with Equity Accountability and Transparency in Government Affairs Controlling Corruption Emphasizing Common Culture Effective Regional Cooperation

Conclusion
The linkages between human rights and good governance are inseparable. Good governance requires transparency and accountability which helps implementation of all categories of human rights.