PASSIVE VOICE+PRACTICE

Numai verbele tranzitive au diatez pasiv. John cried. Cry este un verb intranzitiv. Nu are pasiv. John sold the house. Sell este un verb tranzitiv. Are pasiv. Regul general Pentru a transforma o propoziie la diateza activ ntr-una la diateza pasiv: 1. complementul direct devine subiect 2. be are acelai timp ca verbul principal 3. verbul principal devine participiu trecut 4. subiectul devine agentul, precedat de by Not Agentul se exprim de obicei cu by. Dar cnd agentul este o substan sau materie prim folosii with. The novel was written by Defoe. The floor was covered with mud. Adesea nu este necesar specificarea agentului. The burglar was sentenced one year in prison. Echivalenele activ pasiv: He keeps the door open. The door is kept open. He is selling the car. The car is being sold. He closed the window. The window was closed. He was opening the gate. The gate was being opened. Ha has shut the book. The book has been shut. He had written the letter. The letter had been written. He will carry the bag. The bag will be carried. He would buy the pen. The pen would be bought. He would have repaired the box. The box would have been repaired. He is thought to have arrested her. She is thought to have been arrested. Locking the safe The safe being locked Having rescued the boy The boy having been rescued Not n engleza vorbit, get (n locul lui be) se folosete adesea pentru diateza pasiv. The house got sold. = the house was sold. Youll get hurt. = youll be hurt. Reguli speciale

Pentru a transforma o propoziie la diateza activ ntr-una la diateza pasiv 1. Infinitivul activ devine Infinitiv pasiv a. dup verbele modale Activ Pasiv Tom may write the book. The book may be written. You must tell him. He must be told. b. dup like/love/wish/want + complement direct Activ Pasiv She liked us to water the She liked the flowers to be flowers at dawn. watered at dawn. Not Alte combinaii verb + complement + infinitiv formeaz n mod normal pasivul: Activ Pasiv They told us to go. We were told to go. He is asking Sue to dance. Sue is being asked to dance. Infinitivele pasive sunt de obieci infinitive cu to! They saw Emmy jump. Emmy was seen to jump. He makes Ed rest. Ed is made to rest. 2. folosii that should + infinitiv pasiv a. dup agree, decide, arrange, demand + infinitiv + complement Activ Pasiv We agreed to take Tim. We agreed that Tim should be taken. They decided to reduce the price. They decided that the price should be reduced. b. dup advise, insist, propose, recommedn, suggest + forma n ing + complement Activ Pasiv She adivised finishing the job. She advised that the job should be finished. Not Dup need folosii un gerunziu sau infinitiv pasiv. Sensul este identic. Ambele propoziii sunt pasive. The phone needs repairing. The phone needs to be repaired. 3. dou forme alternative de pasiv se pot folosi n mod impersonal cu: assume, belive, claim, estimate, find, know, presume, report, say, suppose, understand

Activ Pasiv They say that he is a genius. It is said that he is a genius. He is said to be a genius. 4. prepoziiile sunt plasate dup verbul pasiv: a. verbe complexe (verb + prepoziie) Activ Pasiv They looked for C. everywhere. C. was looked for everywhere. b. verb + prepoziie + complement Activ Pasiv He had to write to his parents daily. His parents had to be written to daily. 5. propoziiile cu dou complemente (complement direct i indirect) au dou forme posibile de pasiv: Activ Pasiv He told her a lie. She was told a lie. A lie was told to her. They sent him a letter. He was sent a letter. A letter was sent to him. Utilizare Pasivul se folosete: 1. pentru a sublinia aciunea i nu agentul The criminal was arrested. 2. cnd agentul este necunoscut, neimportant sau evident Clinton was elected president. He is said to be a bad-tempered man.

Exerciii: Traducei n limba englez urmtoarele propoziii 1. n astfel de cazuri se trimite dup doctor. 2. i se ofer o ngheat, de ce n-o iei? 3. A fost ateptat dou ore asear. 4. Mi se arta casa, cnd s-a stins lumina. 5. Nu mi pot nchipui de cnd i cunoti pe aceti scriitori. 6. Nu-mi puteam aduce aminte n ce a fost preschimbat veveria. 7. Va fi consultat doctorul n aceast chestiune i sper c va ti ce este. 8. Va fi fost aprat de toi dumanii nainte s cear ajutor. 9. Vntorul prezise c se va trage n vulpe i nu va fi nimerit. 10. Dac ai fi mpiedicat s-i faci temele, copiii care o fac ar fi pedepsii. 11. Ar fi fost el operat dac nu-l cunotea chirurgul? Cheia exerciiilor: 1. In such cases a doctor is sent for. 2. You are offered an ice-cream, why dont you take it? 3. He was waited for for two hours last night. 4. I was being shown around the house when the light went out. 5. I cant imagine how long you have been acquainted with these writers. 6. I could not

remember what the squirrel had been changed into. 7. The doctor will be consulted on this matter and I hope he will know what it is. 8. He will have been defended from all his enemies before he asks for help. 9. The hunter predicted the fox would be fired at and missed. 10. If you were hindered from doing your homework, the children who did that would be punished. 11. Would he have been operated on if the surgeon had not known him?