DENTAL ANATOMY, MORPHOLOGY AND

Occlusion

Course Directore
DR. HASSAN I. SAEED RESTORATIVE DENTAL SCIENCES. P .N.U

Course Contributors:

Dr. Noura Omar (Lab.Co-Director) Dr. Mourad Benhumeralan (Co-Director) Dr. Ebtisam Abdulah Dr.Fahdah Alqhtani Dr. Sara Albassam Dr. Hala Abdulah

COURSE DESCRIPTION
The course consists of 2 main components, Dental Morphology and Occlustion both of which are provided by the RDS Department in the first semesters respectively during the first year of the DDS program. It is a course, equivalent to 4 credit hours. 132 contact hours

DENTAL ANATOMY & MORPHOLOGY

This component is designed to provide the student with the basic elements of tooth morphology as an essential prerequisite for other dental courses. The course comprises lectures and practical sessions. Using wax, students restore the missing coronal surfaces of complete tooth models by a wax carving technique. This is designed to reinforce the theoretical knowledge gained in the lectures, as well as contribute towards the development of manual dexterity, a skill which is essential in the practice of dentistry. Identification of natural tooth specimens forms a significant part of the practical component of the course.

At the end of the 1st semester the students should be able to:

1.

Apply the terms and expressions used in dental anatomy and morphology with proficiency.
Record teeth, using different notations, but with particular emphasis on the method recommended by the International Dental Federation (FDI).

2.

3.

Understand the relationship of teeth to one another as well as the relation between the adjacent and opposing teeth, and understand the Mechanics of Mandibular Movement.

4. 5.

Understand the alignments, occlussion and the self-protective feature of the dentition. Distinguish the morphological characteristics of different kinds of teeth. Thus, there are traits which separate the teeth of the upper from the lower arches, the molars from the incisors and the first molar from the second molar.

6.

Develop his/her manual skills by carving in wax the different missing surfaces of all teeth. Restore in casting wax, the missing surfaces in Dentoform by carving to normal anatomical and morphological features. Drawing to scale two dimensions of all teeth following the lectures outline, using the table of measurements provided.

7.

8.

Important Note:

Each student should collect natural teeth, clean and keep them in 10% formaline. Fail to do this will affect his/ her progress and grades.

To pass this course successfully, students must pass both theoretical and practical component separately.

1. 2. 3.

Quizzes (each lecture) 1st.& 2nd Written Examination Final Written Examination

E VALUATION
Weekly Quizzes/ Practical

THEORY
10%

PRACTICAL
40%

DRAWING PROJECTS

10%

Ist &2nd LAB / Written

30%

20%

FINAL EXAMINATION- LAB/Written

60%

20% 30% 10%

FINAL TEETH IDENTIFICATION Lab.

TOTAL

100%

100%

1. Wheeler's, Dental Anatomy,

Physiology and Occlusion 9th Edition By : Ash and Nelson

2. Dental Anat.omy : Its relevance to Dentistry , 6th Edition By : Julian Woelfel , Lea Fabiger.

INTRODUCTION TO DENTAL MORPHOLOGY

CONTENTS OF ORAL CAVITY

1. Two Jaws forms that foundation of teeth 2.The tongue cheek 4-The lips 5-Floor of the mouth 6-The palate

1 2 3

3.The inner surface of the

1
5

STRUCTURES THAT FORM THE FOUNDATION OF TEETH

1-JAW (s)

TWO JAWS

1- Upper :Is a part of bone called (Maxillae)

Right and Left.

2. LOWER

: The part of bone form the Mandible

MIDLINE

Is an imaginary vertical line dividing each jaw into two equal halves.

So the jaws can be divided into four quadrant 1. Upper Right teeth 2. Upper Left teeth Maxillary Right Maxillary Left

3. Lower Left teeth

4. Lower Right teeth

Mandibular Left

1Mandibular 2 Right 4
3

TEETH

1.The upper set 2.The lower set -

Maxillary Teeth Mandibular Teeth

Generally.. Human dentition are of two types: 1. Primary (Deciduous) dentition

2. Permanent Dentition
The transitional phase when both dentitions are present is called Mixed dentition 6 12 Years.
2

The Primary (Deciduous) teeth:

Also called Baby, Milky, or temporary teeth.

* At birth: No teeth are visible in the mouth. However, many teeth at various stages of development are found in the jaws.

The post natal period of development span, is about two and half years for deciduous dentition

*The eruption of deciduous teeth began from about six months and remain until the child is six year old.

* Their number is 20 teeth 10 in each jaw when the transition to the permanent dentition begins.

The Permanent Dentition

 The eruption of permanent teeth begins at approximately six years and persist throughout the life span.

* The number of teeth in adults including the third molar when present, is thirty-two, sixteen teeth in each jaw.

Starting from the midline and Progressing posteriorly, teeth are as follows:
1. Central incisor 2. Lateral incisor 3. Canine 4. First Premolar 5. Second premolar 6. First Molar 7. Second Molar 8. Third Molar
1 2 3 5 4 6 8 7 6 7 8 2 1 3

4
5

Dental formula of Permanent Dentition

2 2 C

1 1 P

2 2

3 = 3

16
I C P

I = Incisors C = Canine P = Premolars

M = Molars

FUNCTION of TEETH

1.Mastication 2.Phonetics

3.Esthetics
4.Protection to the periodontium

1-Mastication
Teeth are differ in forms. Accordingly, each of them has its own masticating function.

The Incisors:
* Have got a flat thin edge Incisal edge which is knife-like

so
* The main function is to cut Incise food by shearing action between upper and lower incisors teeth.

The Canines
* Have got a pointed tip which is very sharp to give us the ability of tearing food

so
* The main function is to tear food specially the hard food.

The Premolars
* Have got two cusps to give us the ability of tearing food and helping in mastication

so

* They are supposed as small molars

The Molars
* Have a broader occlusal surfaces with

many cusps four-five

so

* They are helping in :

Cruching Grinding Masticating Through cuspal interdigitation

2-Phonetics
* Certain words cannot be pronounced correctly unless front teeth teeth are present

so Teeth have got the function of production and preception of speech sounds

* The cosmetic appearance of the face is partially a function of teeth

So

3-Esthetics

* The absence of any tooth or teeth as in case of edentulous people, the esthetic appearance will be much destroyed.

4-Protection to the Periodontium

The physiologic tooth form protecting the periodontium namely, the gingival tissue and the attachment apparatus

How?

The gingival tissues depends upon functional stimulation of food to retain their normal, health character through the normal functional contours of teeth.

The function of teeth can be summarize as follows:

1. They helps in mastication of food

Incisors for cutting

Canines of tearing

Premolars and Molars for cruching, grinding and masticating 2. They are important for proper speech anterior teeth.
3. They improve appearance of mouth and face 4. They protect the periodontium

so
Loss of any tooth will: Affect the mechanism of mastication Destroy to some extent their organization

Spoil occlusion