1

1



1.1: COMPREHEND HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS
1.1.1: Define Hyperbolic Functions
- Combinations of exponential functions (e
x
)
- Form of: sinh, cosh, tanh, cosech, sech and coth

1.1.2: Calculate Values of Hyperbolic Functions








- Example (a)
Find the value of:
i. sinh (1.275)
ii. cosh (2.156)
iii. tanh (ln 3)
Solution:
i. sinh (1.275)

Step 1: Identify the formula
2
x x
e e
x sinh

=
Step 2: Replace the value of x into the formula
x = 1.275
2
1.275
275 . 1 275 . 1

=
e e
sinh = 1.65


HYPERBOLIC, INVERSE HYPERBOLIC &
INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
FORMULA:
-
-
-
-
-
-
2

ii. cosh (2.156)
2
x x
e e
x cosh

+
=
2
156 . 2 cosh
156 . 2 156 . 2
+
=
e e
= 4.376

iii. tanh (ln 3)
x x
x x
e e
e e
x tanh

=
3 ln 3 ln
3 ln 3 ln
) 3 tanh(ln

=
e e
e e
= 0.8










1.1.3: Sketch Graphs of Hyperbolic Functions
HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS GRAPH
sinh








cosh








tanh











Try this!
Find to 4 decimal places for:
a) cosech (-2.5)
b) sech (-ln 2)
c) coth (0.38)
d)
HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS GRAPH
cosech

sech


coth









HYPERBOLIC IDENTITIES:
- cosech =
1
sinh

- sech =
1
cosh

- coth =
1
tanh
=
cosh
sinh

3

- Example (b)
Sketch the graph of y = cosh x from point x = -5 to x = 5
Solution:
Step 1: Create table from start point to end point (using calculator)
x -5 -3 0 3 5
y 74 10 1 10 74

Step 2: Sketch graph by referring to the table















1.1.4: Prove Identities of Hyperbolic Functions










- Example (c)
Prove that:
i. 2 sinh (x + y) cosh (x y) = sinh 2x + sinh 2y
ii. coshx sinhx = e
-x

iii. 1 tanh
2
x = sech
2
x
FORMULA:
-
-
-

-
-
-
74
10
3 5 -5 -3
Try this!

a) A curve line is based on . If c = 50, Calculate the value of y when x = 109.
b) Fill in the table below using . Then sketch a graph.
x 2.5 2.9 3.3 3.7 4.1 4.5
y

4

Solution:
i. 2 sinh (x + y) cosh (x y) = sinh 2x + sinh 2y

Step 1: Expand the equation based on formula.

2 sinh (x + y) cosh (x y) = (

) (

)

Step 2: Simplify the calculations until proven.

2 sinh (x + y) cosh (x y) =

= (

) (

) = sinh 2x +sinh 2y

ii. coshx sinhx= e
-x

= (

) (

)
=

= e
-x

iii. 1 tanh
2
x = sech
2
x
= (

=(

= sech
2
x













Try this!
Verify that:
a) sinh
2
x sinh
2
y = cosh
2
x cosh
2
y
b) cosh 2x = 1 + 2 sinh
2
x

5

1.2: KNOW INVERSE HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS


1.2.1: Define Inverse Hyperbolic Function

- The inverses of the hyperbolic functions are the area hyperbolic functions.
- Form of sinh
-1
, cosh
-1
, tanh
-1
, cosech
-1
, sech
-1
and coth
-1

- The inverse hyperbolic functions are given by:
i. y = tanh
-1
x x = tanh y
ii. y = sinh
-1
x x = sinh y
iii. y = cosh
-1
x x = cosh y
iv. y = coth
-1
x x = coth y
v. y = cosech
-1
x x = cosech y
vi. y = sech
-1
x x = sech y


1.2.2: CalculateValues of Inverse Hyperbolic Functions













- Example (d)
Find to 4 decimal places:
i. cosh
-1
(2.364)
ii. tanh
-1
(-0.322)
iii. sinh
-1
x = ln 2

Solution:
i. cosh
-1
(2.364)
Step 1: Identify the formula
|
.
|

\
|
+ =

1 ln
2 1
x x x cosh
Step 2: Replace the value of x into the formula
x = 2.364 ( ) |
.
|

\
|
+ =

1 364 . 2 364 . 2 ln 364 . 2

2 1
cosh

= = 1.5054





FORMULA:
-
-
-

-
-
-
6

ii. tanh
-1
(-0.322)

(

+
=

x
x
x tanh
1
1
ln
2
1
1

(

+
=

) 322 . 0 ( 1
) 322 . 0 ( 1
ln
2
1
322 . 0
1
tanh

=
1

= -0.3339


iii. sinh
-1
x = ln 2
(

) =
(

) =
(

) =
x
2
+ 1 = 4 4x + x
2

x = 0.75








1.2.3: Sketch The Graphs of Inverse Hyperbolic Functions

INVERSE HYPERBOLIC
FUNCTIONS
GRAPH
sinh
-1









cosh
-1









tanh
-1









Try this!
Evaluate:
a) cosech
-1
(
3

)
b) coth
-1
(5)

INVERSE HYPERBOLIC
FUNCTIONS
GRAPH
cosech
-1


sech
-1




coth
-1




INVERSE HYPERBOLIC
IDENTITIES:
- cosech
1
= sih
1
(
1

)
- sech
1
= cosh
1
(
1

)
- coth
1
= tah
1
(
1

)
7

- Example (e)
Sketch the graph of y = sinh
-1
x from point x = -30 to x = 30

Solution:
Step 1: Create table from start point to end point (using calculator)
x -30 -10 0 10 30
y -4 -3 0 3 4

Step 2: Sketch graph by referring to the table





















1.2.4: Derive The Formulae of Inverse Hyperbolic Functions

- Since the hyperbola functions are in essence exponential functions you should expect their inverses to involve the natural logarithm.
- Example (f)
Prove that sinh
-1
x = ln(

)

Solution:

Step 1: Switch the equation
y = sinh
-1
x x = sinh y

Step 2: Choose formula from page 1 (unit 1.1) and simplify
2
sinh
y y
e e
y x

= =


=
y y
e e

-3
-4
4
3
10 30 -30 -10
Try this!
Sketch graphs for below functions:
a) y = sech
-1
x from point x = 0.1 to x = 1
b) cosh
-1
(

)
8

Step 3: Multiply with e
y

=
y y
e e

Step 4: Use the Quadratic Formula to solve this quadratic-like equation.
=

a =1 , b = -2x , c = -1 , x = e
y

Step 5: Simplify using logarithm law

= (

)
= (

) sinh
-1
x = ln(

) = Proved!














1.3: RECOGNIZE INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

1.3.1: Define Inverse Trigonometric Functions

- The inverse functions of the trigonometric functions
- Form of cos
-1
, cot
-1
, cosec
-1
, sec
-1
, sin
-1
, and tan
-1

- The inverse trigonometric functions are given by:
i. y = tan
-1
xx = tan y
ii. y = sin
-1
xx = sin y
iii. y = cos
-1
xx = cos y
iv. y = cot
-1
xx = cot y
v. y = cosec
-1
xx = cosec y
vi. y = sec
-1
xx = sec y


Try this!
Verify that:
a) tah
1
=
1

1
1
for <
b)
9

1.3.2: Find The Principal Values of Inverse Trigonometric Functions

- Example (g)
Find the principal values of:
i. tan
-1
(
1
3
)
ii. cos
-1
(-0.1587)
iii. cosec
-1
(1.11)
Solution:
i. tan
-1
(
1
3
)
Step 1: Find the value using calculator (in degree
o
and radian)
tan
-1
(
1
3
)= 30
o
and 0.524 rad

ii. cos
-1
(-0.1587) = 99.13
o
and 1.73 rad

iii. cosec
-1
(1.11) = sin
-1
(
1
111
) = 64.277
o
and 1.122 rad







1.3.3: Solve Equations Involving Inverse Trigonometric Functions

- Example (h)
Simplify:
i. ta(si
1

)
ii. cos (ta
1

)

Solution:
i. ta(si
1

)
Step 1: Let inverse trigonometric (x) =y
si
1

= y

Step 2: Then x = trigonometric y (remember that when youre putting sin
-1
on the other side of the equality, you remove the
-1
).

= sin y

Step 3: Draw a triangle ABC and complete the value using the Pythagorean theorem




Try this!
Determine the principal value of the following functions:
a) sin
-1
(
3

)
b) tan
-1
(-0.45)

x
5

A B
C

AC
2
+ AB
2
= BC
2

x
2
- 5
2
= -AB
2

AB
2
= 5
2
- x
2
AB =

10

Step 4: Complete the equation.
ta(si
1

) = tan y
=

ii. ta
1

= y

= tan y





cos (ta
1

) = cos y
=

5
x
Try this!
Simplify:
a) cos
2
si
1

b) sin

2(sec
1

3
)