Poxviridae Orthopoxvirus (vaccinia &small pox virus) Molluscipoxvirus - molluscum, contagiosum, cowpox Disease - cowpox milkers nodules - orf.

. contagious pustular dermatitis in sheep - monkeypox Transmission - direct contact for molluscum contagiosium (ambilicated wart) - zoonoses - smallpox eradicated in 1979 wart verrucae plana flat HPV verruca vulgaris horny projection Molluscum bodies large pink ovoid inclusions in epidermal cells Herpesviridae - simplexvirus (HHV1 & HHV2) - varicellavirus (HHV3) - lymphocryptovirus (HHV4) - cytomegalovirus (HHV5) - Roseolovirus (HHV6) - HHV7 - Kaposis sarcoma (HHV8) o Some herpesviruses remain latent in host cells

HHV1 oral herpes Transmission saliva, vesical fluid, sexual contact, birth canal in neonate Tx acyclovir Retrograde transport neuron (terminal end bulb) nucleus activation, initial infection

HHV2 genital herpes sacral ganglion latency Herpes whitflow finger Eczema herpeticum disseminated - underlying skin disorders such as atopic dermatitis, ichthyosis vulgaris, burns [dermatlas.org] Herpetic conjunctivitis Tzanck smear - reader reliability, sampling technique & age of lesions - Giemsa or Wright stain - unroofing an intact vesicle - multinucleated giant cells, acantholytic keratinocytes - HSV & VZV Herpes gladiatorum on the face wrestling HHV3 VZV (Varicella zoster virus) - pruritic very itchy - shingles, localized in particular areas (4th-5th decade of life) transmission respiratory droplets, vesical fluid Tx Aciclovir Post-herpetic neuralgia ~ years of pain reactivation ophthalmic sensory division dorsal root ganglion latency HHV4 Kissings disease glandular fever Infectious mononucleosis Transmission: saliva Pathogenesis: latency in B cells petichiae on palate, inflamed tonsils lymphoma cancer (starry sky pattern) Burkitts lymphoma EBV (Epstein-Barr Virus) nasopharyngal CA Cytomegalovirus fibroblast cell Pathogenesis: latency in mononuclear cells Transmission saliva, urine, semen, cervical secretion, milk, transplacental Tx Ganciclovir

HHV 6 & 7 - Exanthem subitum (Roseola infantum) Viral exanthem rash caused by virus Trans. saliva Present in T-cells latency AIDS aplastic crisis, marrow stop prod. blood cells HHV 8 Caporsi sarcoma malignant AIDS Trans. semen, sexual contact Path. : infects endothelial cells Hepadnaviridae - DNA causing Hepa (Hepa B virus) - Use reverse transcriptase to prod. DNA from mRNA Cytopathic effects altered shape, detachment from substrate, lysis, membrane fusion, altered membrane permeability inclusion bodies, apoptosis HSV 1 DNA virus eosinophilic intranuclear inclusions viral proteins HSV 2 same as multinucleated giant cells fusion CMV eosinophilic inclusions Perinuclear halo owl-eye VZV same as 1 & 2 Adenovirus affinity to hematoxylin grape-like clusters dark basophilic inclusions + viral proteins Measles virus RNA virus multinuc. giant cell nuc. clustered in eosinophilic cytoplasmic mass golgi compartments of fused cells RSV (respiratory syncytial virus) RNA pale eos. inclusions in cytoplasm multinucleated giant cells Mumps virus Haemagglutin protein on cell surface * absorb RBC o haemadsorption

RBC satellites

Specimen collection & handling Acute stg of illness viral shedding is highest Convalescence viral recovery is sporadic & unreliable Viral transport medium Buffered salt soln Protein stabilizer pH indicator antibiotics transported at 4C blood room tempt viral cultures same day arrived frozen blood & urine not frozen bronchoalveolar lavage washing blood CMV : leukocyte Enterovirus : serum or leuko HIV monocyte/plasma HHV 6 : monocyte Parvovirus B19 serum Arthropod borne virus : leukocytes or homogenized clot