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Sangwon Min Communication Protocol Engineering Lab. Dept. of Electronics & Communications Engineering Kwangwoon University
Contents
SS No. 7 and DSS No.1
Features and protocol stacks Architecture ~ SSP, STP and SCP ISDN Q.931 and ISUP
Sigtran
Architecture and protocol stack Adaptation layer ~ M3UA, M2UA, M2PA, SUA, IUA, and V3UA SCTP
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PC-to-PSTN service (Dialpad and Net2phone) Large-scale deploy NNI SIP v2 in 2002 Enum BICC SIP-T IPtel sigtran
Gateway decomposition
H.323 v2 In 1998
Business area
GCP in 2003
Gateway VoIP server VoIP phones Before 1999 1999~2002 After 2002 Signaling gateway
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Features of SS 7
Packet-switched network for connecting telephone calls Two types of services Circuit-related services ~ setup and teardown of voice connection in TDM networks or IP networks Non-circuit-related service ~ database access for translation Base for Intelligence Network (IN)/Advanced IN (AIN) SS7 ~ the foundation for IN services Caller-ID, toll-free calling, call screening, number portability, etc. Interworking with Internet Telephony Internet telephony service providers (ITSPs) for interworking with the public switched telephone network (PSTN) A user in Internet telephone ~ wants to use IN/AIN services Two distinct levels International plane : ITU-T National plane : ANSI in US
CPE Lab (http://cpe.kw.ac.kr) 6/34 Sangwon Min (min@kw.ac.kr)
MTP 2
Deals with the transfer of messages on a given link Link status signal unit (LSSU) and fill-in signal unit (FISU) LSSU ~ to ensure alignment and correct link functions FISU ~ to acknowledge of received message or when no message is ready to be sent
MTP 3
Deals with routing signaling messages through signal transfer points (STPs) with message signal unit (MSU) Load sharing, rerouting and signaling management protocols
CPE Lab (http://cpe.kw.ac.kr) 7/34 Sangwon Min (min@kw.ac.kr)
Link status signal unit (LSSU) BIB FIB flag 8 BSN 7 FSN 7 LI 6 spare 2 status 8 or 16 CRC 16
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Details of SIFs
Origination point code (OPC) and destination point code (DPC) Signaling addresses of a MSU Signaling link selection (SLS) ~ indicates the particular signaling link to be used for carrying a MSU Message contents ~ ISUP, SCCP or TCAP
SIO and SIF in ITU MSU SIO 8 DPC 14 OPC 14 SLS 4 bits message content (variable length)
SLS 8 bits
CIC : Circuit identification code DPC : Destination point code OPC : Origination point code SIO : Service information octet SLS : Signaling link selection
ISUP message CIC 12 spare 4 message type 8 bits message content (variable length)
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Signaling Points
All nodes in the SS 7 ~has a unique address called a signaling point code (SPC) the capability to perform discrimination and route SS7 messages Three types : SSP, STP and SCP Service Switching Point (SSP) ~ a switch Signal Transfer Point (STP) Serves as a router in the SS 7 network Routes a message signal unit (MSU) based on the destination signaling point code (SPC) Service Control Point (SCP) Offers advanced features like a toll-free 800 number
CPE Lab (http://cpe.kw.ac.kr) 12/34 Sangwon Min (min@kw.ac.kr)
SSP SSP
ISUP
TUP
ISUP
TUP
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Next Topic
SS No. 7 and DSS No.1
Features and protocol stacks Architecture ~ SSP, STP and SCP ISDN Q.931 and ISUP
Sigtran
Architecture and protocol stack Adaptation layer ~ M3UA, M2UA, M2PA, SUA, IUA, and V3UA SCTP
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Mission of SG
Initiated by the H.323 gateway Case of ISUP emulation To the PSTN switch, an MGC ~ looks like a PSTN switch
MGC SG
ISUP SIG IP
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Protocol Stack
SCTP
A generic signaling transport protocol ~ to reliably carry various types of signaling traffic; the common signaling trasnport Ensures the error-free, in-sequence and fast delivery of messages Fast and simple like UDP Error-free and in-sequence like TCP
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Access system
MG
V5.2
V5.2 V5UA LAPV5 Access interface at PSTN SCTP IP SG V5.2 V5UA SCTP IP MGC
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MTP 1 2
MTP 1 2
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MG MTP3 user MTP3 MTP2 MTP1 MTP3 user MTP3 M2PA SCTP IP MTP3 user MTP3 MTP2 MTP1
SG
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SCTP
Background ~ neither UDP nor TCP offered both the speed and reliability required to carry signaling traffic Upper layer protocol (ULP) such as M2UA or M3 UA
Terminologies
SCTP endpoint ~ a logical sender or receiver (one or more multiple IP address, a port number); transport address; multihomed ~ provides fault tolerance Association ~ a relationship established between endpoints Packet and chunks An SCTP packet over IP ~ compromise a common header and a number of chunks Streams ~ A one-way logical channel between SCTP endpoints A sequence of messages from one SCP user to another The number of streams is specified at the association establishment
CPE Lab (http://cpe.kw.ac.kr) 25/34 Sangwon Min (min@kw.ac.kr)
Steams and associations MG Between an SG and the MGC An association has n streams Physical signaling links vs. streams A particular signaling link ~ specified with a particular stream Streams ~ allocated according to OPC/DPC/CIC range or DPC/OPC/CIC combination Each stream is processed independently
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Robustness of SCTP
Meaning of robustness Procedures whereby failure or undesirable occurrence are minimized Capabilities to handle the event of failure or overload in the network without a significant reduction of quality Congestion control Path MTU discovery Multihoming with one or more addresses ~ fault tolerance Awareness of reachability SACK chunk if DATA have been sent HEARTBEAT if an association is idle
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verification tag (32 bits) Adler-32 checksum (32 bits) chunk ID (8 bits) chunk flags (8 bits)
- User data chunk value - Control information - Reserved by the IETF - IETF-defined extenstions chunk ID (8 bits) chunk flags (8 bits) chunk value
chunk ID (8 bits)
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Chunk Types
Heartbeat ~ to query the reachability of a particular endpoint Abort ~ to make an endpoint to discard pending data to be handled Shutdown ~ to terminate an association Cookie echo ~ only during the initialization of an association (lifetime of cookie ~ default 5s)
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DATA Chunk
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SACK Chunk
chunk ID =0000 0011 (8 bits) chunk flags chunk length (16 bits) cumulative TSN ACK (32 bits) advertised received credit window (a_rcw) (32 bits) number of gap ack. Blocks = n (16 bits) gap ack block #1 start (16 bits) gap ack block #2 start (16 bits) gap ack block #n start (16 bits) -
number of duplicate TSNs = m (16 bits) gap ack block #1 end (16 bits) gap ack block #2 end (16 bits) gap ack block #n end (16 bits)
cumulative TSK ACK ~ the highest TSN value without any gaps 9ap block number ~ the offset of the first segment from the unbroken sequence
CPE Lab (http://cpe.kw.ac.kr) 32/34 Sangwon Min (min@kw.ac.kr)
Association termination
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References
D. Collins, Carrier Grade Voice over IP 2nd ed, McGraw Hill, 2003.
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