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Mathematica - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Mathematica
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Mathematica is a computational software program used in scientific, engineering, and mathematical fields and other areas of technical computing. It was conceived by Stephen Wolfram and is developed by Wolfram Research of Champaign, Illinois.[2][3]

Mathematica

Contents
1 Features 2 Interface 3 High-performance computing 4 Deployment 5 Connections with other applications 6 Computable data 7 Licensing 8 Platform availability 9 Version history 10 Trivia 11 See also 12 References 13 External links

Mathematica 8.0.0 GNU/Linux frontend Developer(s) Initial release Stable release Wolfram Research June 23, 1988[1] 9.0.1 (January 30, 2013) [] (//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?
title=Template:Latest_stable_software_release/M athematica&action=edit)

Preview release Non [] (//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?

title=Template:Latest_preview_software_release/M athematica&action=edit)

Written in Platform

Mathematica, C Cross-platform (list) (http://www.wolfram.com/products/mathematica/platforms/) English, Chinese and Japanese. Computer algebra, numerical computations, Information visualization, statistics, user interface creation Proprietary

Features
Features of Mathematica include:[4]

Available in Type License

Elementary mathematical www.wolfram.com/mathematica/ Website function library (http://www.wolfram.com/mathematica/) Special mathematical function library Matrix and data manipulation tools including support for sparse arrays
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Support for complex number, arbitrary precision, interval arithmetic and symbolic computation 2D and 3D data and function visualization and animation tools Solvers for systems of equations, diophantine equations, ODEs, PDEs, DAEs, DDEs, SDEs and recurrence relations Numeric and symbolic tools for discrete and continuous calculus Multivariate statistics libraries including fitting, hypothesis testing, and probability and expectation calculations on over 100 distributions. Support for censored data temporal data and unit based data Calculations and simulations on random processes and queues Constrained and unconstrained local and global optimization Programming language supporting procedural, functional and object oriented constructs Toolkit for adding user interfaces to calculations and applications Tools for 2D and 3D image processing[5] and morphological image processing including image recognition Tools for visualizing and analysing graphs Tools for combinatoric problems Tools for text mining including regular expressions and semantic analysis Data mining tools such as cluster analysis, sequence alignment and pattern matching Dini's surface plotted with adjustable parameters Number theory function library Tools for financial calculations including bonds, annuities, derivatives, options etc. Group theory and symbolic tensor functions Libraries for signal processing including wavelet analysis on sounds, images and data Control systems libraries Continuous and discrete integral transforms Import and export filters for data, images, video, sound, CAD, GIS,[6] document and biomedical formats Database collection for mathematical, scientific, and socio-economic information and access to WolframAlpha data and computations Technical word processing including formula editing and automated report generating Tools for connecting to DLLs. SQL, Java, .NET, C++, Fortran, CUDA, OpenCL and http based systems Tools for parallel programing Using both "free-form linguistic input" (a natural language user interface) [7] and Mathematica language in notebook when connected to the Internet
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Interface
Mathematica is split into two parts, the kernel and the front end. The kernel interprets expressions (Mathematica code) and returns result expressions. The front end, designed by Theodore Gray, provides a GUI, which allows the creation and editing of Notebook documents containing program code with prettyprinting, formatted text together with results including typeset mathematics, graphics, GUI components, tables, and sounds. All contents and formatting can be generated algorithmically or interactively edited. Most standard word processing capabilities are supported, but there is only one level of "undo." It includes a spell-checker but does not spell check automatically as you type. Documents can be structured using a hierarchy of cells, which allow for outlining and sectioning of a document and support automatic numbering index creation. Documents can be presented in a slideshow environment for presentations. Notebooks and their contents are represented as Mathematica expressions that can be created, modified or analysed by Mathematica programs. This allows conversion to other formats such as TeX or XML. The front end includes development tools such as a debugger, input completion and automatic syntax coloring. Among the alternative front ends is the Wolfram Workbench, an Eclipse based IDE, introduced in 2006. It provides project-based code development tools for Mathematica, including revision management, debugging, profiling, and testing.[8] The Mathematica Kernel also includes a command line front end.[9]

High-performance computing
In recent years, the capabilities for high-performance computing have been extended with the introduction of packed arrays (version 4, 1999)[10] and sparse matrices (version 5, 2003),[11] and by adopting the GNU MultiPrecision Library to evaluate high-precision arithmetic. Version 5.2 (2005) added automatic multi-threading when computations are performed on multi-core computers.[12] This release included CPU specific optimized libraries. In addition Mathematica is supported by third party specialist acceleration hardware such as ClearSpeed.[13] In 2002, gridMathematica was introduced to allow user level parallel programming on heterogeneous clusters and multiprocessor systems [14] and in 2008 parallel computing technology was included in all Mathematica licenses including support for grid technology such as Windows HPC Server 2008, Microsoft Compute Cluster Server and Sun Grid. Support for CUDA and OpenCL GPU hardware was added in 2010. Also, since version 8 it can generate C code, which is automatically compiled by a system C compiler, such as Intel C++ Compiler or compiler of Visual Studio 2010.

Deployment
There are several ways to deploy applications written in Mathematica: Mathematica Player Pro is a runtime version of Mathematica that will run any Mathematica application but does not allow editing or creation of the code.[15]
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A free-of-charge version, Wolfram CDF Player, is provided for running Mathematica programs that have been saved in the Computable Document Format (CDF).[16] It can also view standard Mathematica files, but not run them. It includes plugins for common web browsers on Windows and Macintosh. webMathematica allows a web browser to act as a front end to a remote Mathematica server. It is designed to allow a user written application to be remotely accessed via a browser on any platform. It may not be used to give full access to Mathematica. Mathematica code can be converted to C code or to an automatically generated DLL.

Connections with other applications

Communication with other applications occurs through a protocol called MathLink (http://www.wolfram.com/solutions/mathlink/mathlink.html). It allows communication between the Mathematica kernel and front-end, and also provides a general interface between the kernel and other applications. Although Mathematica has a large array of functionality, a number of interfaces to other software have been developed, for use where other programs have functionality that Mathematica does not provide, to enhance those applications, or to access legacy code. Wolfram Research freely distributes a developer kit for linking applications written in the C programming language to the Mathematica kernel through MathLink .[17] Using J/Link .,[18] a Java program can ask Mathematica to perform computations; likewise, a Mathematica program can load Java classes, manipulate Java objects and perform method calls. Similar functionality is achieved with .NET /Link [19]., but with .NET programs instead of Java programs. Communication with SQL databases is achieved through built-in support for JDBC.[20] Mathematica can also install web services from a WSDL description.[21][22] Other languages that connect to Mathematica include Haskell,[23] AppleScript,[24] Racket,[25] Visual Basic,[26] Python[27][28] and Clojure.[29] Links are available to many specialized mathematical software packages including OpenOffice.org Calc,[30] Microsoft Excel,[31] MATLAB,[32][33][34] R,[35] Sage,[36][37] SINGULAR,[38] Wolfram SystemModeler and Origin.[39] Mathematical equations can be exchanged with other computational or typesetting software via MathML. Mathematica can capture real-time data via a link to LabVIEW,[40] from financial data feeds[41] and directly from hardware devices via GPIB (IEEE 488),[42] USB[43] and serial interfaces.[44] It automatically detects and reads from HID devices. Alternative interfaces are available such as JMath,[45] based on GNU readline and MASH[46] which runs selfcontained Mathematica programs (with arguments) from the UNIX command line.

Computable data
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Mathematica includes collections of curated data provided for use in computations. Mathematica is also integrated with Wolfram Alpha, an online service which provides additional data, some of which is kept updated in real time. Some of the data sets include astronomical, chemical, geopolitical, language, biomedical and weather data, in addition to mathematical data (such as knots and polyhedra).[47]

Licensing
Mathematica is proprietary software restricted by both copyright law and trade secret.[48]
A stream plot of live weather data

A regular single-user license for Mathematica used in a commercial environment costs $2495 although new customers can purchase the "Starter Edition" for $995. They include eight additional kernels for parallel computations and one year of service that includes updates, technical support, a home use license, a webMathematica Amateur license,[49] a Wolfram Workbench license and three Mathematica Player Pro licenses. Discounts are available for government, charity, educational, pre-college, school, student, home use[50] and retiree use and depend on geographical region. Student licenses cost $140. A general "home use" license ("Mathematica Home Edition") is also available to the public and is priced at $295. Educational site licenses allow use by students at home. A license manager similar to FLEXnet is available to provide sharing of licenses within a group.

Platform availability
Mathematica 9 is supported on various versions of Linux, Apple's OS X, and Microsoft Windows (XP SP3, Vista, 7 and 8). All platforms are supported with 64-bit implementations.[51] Earlier versions of Mathematica up to 6.0.3 supported other operating systems, including Solaris, AIX, Convex, HP-UX, IRIX, MS-DOS, NeXTSTEP, OS/2, Ultrix and Windows Me.[52]

Version history
Mathematica built on the ideas in Cole and Wolfram's earlier Symbolic Manipulation Program (SMP).[53][54] Wolfram Research has released the following versions of Mathematica:[55] Mathematica 1.0 (June 23, 1988)[56][57][58][59] Mathematica 1.1 (October 31, 1988) Mathematica 1.2 (August 1, 1989)[60][59] Mathematica 2.0 (January 15, 1991)[61][59] Mathematica 2.1 (June 15, 1992)[59][17] Mathematica 2.2 (June 1, 1993)[59][62] Mathematica 3.0 (September 3, 1996)[63] Mathematica 4.0 (May 19, 1999)[59][64] Mathematica 4.1 (November 2, 2000)[59]
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Mathematica 4.2 (November 1, 2002)[59] Mathematica 5.0 (June 12, 2003)[59][65] Mathematica 5.1 (October 25, 2004)[59][66] Mathematica 5.2 (June 20, 2005)[59][67] Mathematica 6.0 (May 1, 2007)[68][69] Mathematica 7.0 (November 18, 2008)[70] Mathematica 7.0.1 (March 5, 2009)[71] Mathematica 8.0 (November 15, 2010) Mathematica 8.0.1 (March 7, 2011) Mathematica 8.0.4 (October 24, 2011) Mathematica 9.0 (November 28, 2012) Mathematica 9.0.1 (January 30, 2013)

Trivia
The name of the program Mathematica was suggested to Stephen Wolfram by Apple co-founder Steve Jobs although Stephen Wolfram had thought about it earlier and rejected it.[72]

See also
Wolfram language Wolfram Alpha, a web answer engine Wolfram SystemModeler, a physical modeling and simulation tool which integrates with Mathematica IMTEK Mathematica Supplement, an open-source Mathematica add-on for finite element simulation List of computer simulation software List of graphing software Mathematical software Mathics: A free, light-weight alternative to Mathematica (http://www.mathics.org/)

References
1. ^ Wolfram, Stephen (23 Jun 2008), Mathematica Turns 20 Today (http://blog.wolfram.com/2008/06/23/mathematica-turns-20-today/), Wolfram, retrieved 16 May 2012 2. ^ Stephen Wolfram: Simple Solutions; The iconoclastic physicist's Mathematica software nails complex puzzles (http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/05_40/b3953024.htm), BusinessWeek, October 3, 2005. 3. ^ Wolfram Research Contact Info (http://www.wolfram.com/company/contact.cgi) 4. ^ Mathematica documentation (http://reference.wolfram.com) 5. ^ Review: Mathematica 7. Technical computing powerhouse gets more oomph (http://www.macworld.com/article/138219/mathematica_7.html) Macworld, Jan 2009 6. ^ Mathematica 6 Labs Review (http://www.cadalyst.com/general-software/mathematica-6-cadalyst-labs-review6299) Cadalyst Feb 1, 2008 7. ^ The Free-Form Linguistics Revolution in Mathematica (http://blog.wolfram.com/2010/11/15/the-free-formlinguistics-revolution-in-mathematica/) 8. ^ MacWorld review of Wolfram Workbench (http://www.macworld.com/news/2006/06/21/workbench/index.php) 9. ^ Using a Text-Based Interface
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(http://reference.wolfram.com/mathematica/tutorial/UsingATextBasedInterface.html) documentation at wolfram.com 10. ^ Math software packs new power; new programs automate such tedious processes as solving nonlinear differential equations and converting units (http://goliath.ecnext.com/premium/0199/0199-1526706.html) by Agnes Shanley, Chemical Engineering, March 1, 2002. 11. ^ Mathematica 5.1: additional features make software well-suited for operations research professionals (http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-9587712_ITM) by ManMohan S. Sodhi, OR/MS Today, December 1, 2004. 12. ^ The 21st annual Editors' Choice Awards (http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_028612336000_ITM), Macworld, February 1, 2006. 13. ^ ClearSpeed Advance(TM) Accelerator Boards Certified by Wolfram Research; Math Coprocessors Enable Mathematica Users to Quadruple Performance. (http://www.thefreelibrary.com/ClearSpeed+Advance(TM)+Accelerator+Boards+Certified+by+Wolfram...a0147498410) 14. ^ gridMathematica offers parallel computing solution (http://www.macworld.com/news/2002/11/20/mathematica/index.php) by Dennis Sellers, MacWorld, November 20, 2002. 15. ^ Mathematica Player Pro - new Application Delivery System for Mathematica (http://www.gizmag.com/mathematica-player-pro-new-application-delivery-system-for-mathematica/9096/) www.gizmag.com 16. ^ Computable Document Format for Interactive Content (http://wolfram.com/cdf) 17. ^ a b New Mathematica: faster, leaner, linkable and QuickTime-compatible: MathLink kit allows ties to other apps. (Wolfram Research Inc. ships Mathematica 2.1, new QuickTime-compatible version of Mathematica software) (http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-9256461_ITM) by Daniel Todd, MacWeek, June 15, 1992. 18. ^ Mathematica 4.2 (http://www.macworld.com/2002/11/reviews/mathematica/) by Charles Seiter, Macworld, November 1, 2002. 19. ^ .NET/Link (http://www.wolfram.com/solutions/mathlink/netlink/): .NET/Link is a toolkit that integrates Mathematica and the Microsoft .NET Framework. 20. ^ Mathematica 5.1 Available (http://www.databasejournal.com/news/article.php/3453911) , Database Journal, Jan 3, 2005. 21. ^ Mathematical Web Services: W3C Note 1 August 2003 (http://www.w3.org/Math/Documents/Notes/services.xml) 22. ^ Introduction to Web Services (http://reference.wolfram.com/mathematica/WebServices/tutorial/Introduction.html), Mathematica Web Services Tutorial 23. ^ Haskell packages (http://hackage.haskell.org/package/mathlink) 24. ^ Unisoftware plus (http://www.unisoftwareplus.com/products/mathlinkosax/) 25. ^ MrMathematica website (http://www.cs.utah.edu/~czhu/SchemeLink/mrmma.html) 26. ^ Mathematica for ActivX (http://library.wolfram.com/infocenter/TechNotes/4710/) 27. ^ Pythonika MathLink module for Python (http://code.google.com/p/pythonika/) 28. ^ PYML (Python Mathematica interface) (http://library.wolfram.com/infocenter/MathSource/585/) 29. ^ [1] (http://clojuratica.weebly.com/) 30. ^ CalcLink (http://www.lauschkeconsulting.net/calclink.html) Lauschke Consulting 31. ^ Mathematica Link for Excel (http://www.wolfram.com/products/applications/excel_link/) 32. ^ MATLink (http://rsmenon.github.io/MATLink/) 33. ^ Mathematica Toolbox for Matlab (http://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/6044-mathematicasymbolic-toolbox-for-matlab-version-2-0) 34. ^ Mathsource item #618 for calling MATLAB from Mathematica (http://library.wolfram.com/infocenter/MathSource/618/) Roger Germundsson from Wolfram Research 35. ^ RLink (http://reference.wolfram.com/mathematica/RLink/guide/RLink.html) Mathematica Documentation 36. ^ Calling Sage from Mathematica (http://facstaff.unca.edu/mcmcclur/Mathematica/Sage/) 37. ^ A Mathematica notebook (http://facstaff.unca.edu/mcmcclur/Mathematica/Sage/UsingSage.nb) to call Sage from en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematica 7/9

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37. ^ A Mathematica notebook (http://facstaff.unca.edu/mcmcclur/Mathematica/Sage/UsingSage.nb) to call Sage from Mathematica. 38. ^ Manuel Kauers and Viktor Levandovskyy (http://www.risc.unilinz.ac.at/people/mkauers/publications/kauers06m.pdf) of the Johannes Kepler University in Austria 39. ^ * Interface Links Origin And Mathematica Software (http://electronicdesign.com/Articles/ArticleID/1323/1323.html) Electronic Design 40. ^ Mathematica Link to Labview (http://www.bettervi.com/mlink/index.html) BetterView Consulting 41. ^ DDFLink (http://www.lauschkeconsulting.net/ddfplus.html) Lauschke Consulting 42. ^ GITM (http://sourceforge.net/projects/gitm/) SourceForge 43. ^ BTopTools (http://www.wolfram.com/news/btoptools.html) A commercial interface to USB devices 44. ^ Interfacing Hardware with Mathematica (http://library.wolfram.com/infocenter/MathSource/6380/) 45. ^ JMath website (http://robotics.caltech.edu/~radford/jmath/) 46. ^ MASH website (http://ai.eecs.umich.edu/people/dreeves/mash/) 47. ^ "Scientific and Technical Data" (http://reference.wolfram.com/mathematica/guide/ScientificAndTechnicalData.html), Mathematic Guide, Wolfram Research, retrieved 16 May 2012 48. ^ Wolfram Mathematica License Agreement (http://www.wolfram.com/terms/MathematicaLicenseAgreement.pdf) 49. ^ webMathematica terms (http://www.wolfram.com/products/webmathematica/versions/amateurorder.html) 50. ^ Mathematica Home Edition Released (http://www.macworld.com/article/138664/2009/02/mathematica.html) Macworld, Feb 2009 51. ^ Supported platforms list (http://www.wolfram.com/products/mathematica/platforms/) 52. ^ Mathematica 6 Platform Availability (http://www.serc.iisc.ernet.in/ComputingFacilities/software/mathematica6.0/platform.html) 53. ^ Math, the universe, and Stephen: the author of Mathematica created a whirlwind of scientific controversy this year when, after more than 10 years of research, he published his treatise on the ability of simple structures to create unpredictable complex patterns. (2002 Scientist Of The Year).(Stephen Wolfram) (http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-11287695_ITM) by Tim Studt, R&D, November 1 , 2002. 54. ^ A Top Scientist's Latest: Math Software (http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html? res=940DE5DA173AF937A15755C0A96E948260) by Andrew Pollack, The New York Times, June 24, 1988. 55. ^ Quick Revision History of Mathematica (http://www.wolfram.com/products/mathematica/quickrevisionhistory.html) 56. ^ Mathematica: The Scrapbook (http://www.wolfram.com/company/scrapbook/page03.html), Wolfram, retrieved 16 May 2012 57. ^ Mathematica Journal, Volume 9, Issue 1 (http://www.mathematica-journal.com/issue/v9i1/news.html) 58. ^ Supercomputer Pictures Solve the Once Insoluble (http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html? res=940DE6DB133EF933A05753C1A96E948260), John Markoff, October 30, 1988. 59. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Nasser M. Abbasi. "A little bit of Mathematica history" (http://12000.org/my_notes/compare_mathematica/index.htm). 60. ^ Mathematica 1.2 adds new graphics options: upgrade also promises concurrent operations (http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-9205258_ITM) by Elinor Craig, MacWeek , July 25, 1989. 61. ^ Mathematica + 283 functions = Mathematica 2.0 (http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_02869227849_ITM) by Raines Cohen, MacWeek , January 15, 1991. 62. ^ New version of Mathematica (http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-13185601.html), Mechanical Engineering, June 1, 1993. 63. ^ [2] (http://www.wolfram.com/news/archive/#1996), Wolfram news archive, 1996. 64. ^ Mathematica 4.0 (http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-61370961.html) by Charles Seiters, Macworld, October 1, 1999. 65. ^ Mathematica 5.0 Adds Up: Exactly 15 years after Mathematica's initial release, Wolfram Research has released Mathematica (http://www.mywire.com/pubs/PCMagazine/2003/09/02/420220?extID=10051) , PC Magazine, September 3, 2003. 66. ^ Mathematica 5.1's Web Services Add Up; Mathematica 5.1 delivers improvements over Version 5.0 that are

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66. ^ Mathematica 5.1's Web Services Add Up; Mathematica 5.1 delivers improvements over Version 5.0 that are vastly out of proportion for a .1 upgrade. (http://moreresults.factiva.com/results/index/index.aspx? ref=PCW0000020050115e0c60001i) by Peter Coffee, eWeek , December 6, 2004. 67. ^ Mathematica hits 64-bit (http://www.macworld.co.uk/news/index.cfm?NewsID=12069&Page=1&pagePos=6), MacWorld UK, July 13, 2005. 68. ^ Today, Mathematica is reinvented (http://blog.wolfram.com/2007/05/) - Blog by Stephen Wolfram 69. ^ Mathematica 6: Felix Grant finds that version 6 of Wolfram Research's symbolic mathematical software really does live up to its expectations. (http://www.scientific-computing.com/products/review_details.php?review_id=17) Scientific Computing, 2007. 70. ^ Mathematica 7.0 Released Today! (http://blog.wolfram.com/2008/11/) - Blog by Stephen Wolfram 71. ^ Announcing Mathematica 7.0.1. (http://forums.wolfram.com/mathgroup/archive/2009/Mar/msg00118.html) 72. ^ Wolfram, Stephen (6 Oct 2011), STEVE JOBS: A FEW MEMORIES (http://blog.wolframalpha.com/2011/10/06/steve-jobs-a-few-memories/#more-15338), Wolfram Alpha, retrieved 16 May 2012

Mathematica - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

External links
Wolfram Mathematica 9 (http://www.wolfram.com/mathematica/) Mathematica Documentation Center (http://reference.wolfram.com/) Levels Of A Mathematica Expression (http://demonstrations.wolfram.com/LevelsOfAMathematicaExpression/) by Enrique Zeleny, Wolfram Demonstrations Project A little bit of Mathematica history (http://12000.org/my_notes/compare_mathematica/index.htm) documenting the growth of code base and number of functions over time Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mathematica&oldid=560873057" Categories: Image processing software 1988 software Array programming languages Astronomical databases Audio programming languages Computer algebra systems Cross-platform software Data analysis software Earth sciences graphics software Econometrics software Formula editors Formula manipulation languages Functional languages Interactive geometry software Linux computer algebra system software Linux numerical analysis software Mathematical optimization software Mathematical software Numerical programming languages Numerical software Pi-related software Physics software Plotting software Science software Simulation programming languages Software that uses Qt Statistical programming languages Statistical software Term-rewriting programming languages Theorem proving software systems Wolfram Research Proprietary cross-platform software This page was last modified on 21 June 2013 at 09:41. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.

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