API 571 Section - 5 Refining Industry Damage Mechanisms - PFDs - Final

September 2010
API Recommended Practice 57

5-89
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
5.2 Process Unit PFDs

Simplified process flow diagrams for several process units commonly found in many refineries are shown in
this section. The PFDs are highlighted to show some of the areas within the unit where many of the primary
damage mechanisms can be found. The reader should be advised that this is not intended to be an all
inclusive list of the damage mechanisms but should serve as a starting point for some of the major
considerations.
The process flow diagrams included in this section are listed below. A key to the Damage Mechanisms
The numbering system for damage mechanisms used on the PFDs is shown in Table 5-4.
5.2.1
Crude Unit / Vacuum: See Figure 5-65.
5.2.2
Delayed Coker: See Figure 5-66.
5.2.3
Fluid Catalytic Cracking: See Figure 5-67.
5.2.4
FCC Light Ends Recovery: See Figure 5-68.
5.2.5
Catalytic Reforming CCR: See Figure 5-69.
5.2.6
Catalytic Reforming Fixed Bed: See Figure 5-70.
5.2.7
Hydroprocessing Units Hydrotreating, Hydrocracking: See Figure 5-71.
5.2.8
Sulfuric Acid Alkylation: See Figure 5-72.
5.2.9
HF Alkylation: See Figure 5-73.
5.2.10 Amine Treating: See Figure 5-74.

5.2.11 Sulfur Recovery: See Figure 5-75.
5.2.12 Sour Water Stripper: See Figure 5-76.
5.2.13 Isomerization: See Figure 5-77.
5.2.14 Hydrogen Reforming: See Figure 5-78
5.2.15 Visbreaker: See Figure 5-79.
5.2.16 Caustic Treating: See Figure 5-80.
5-90
API Recommended Practice 571 - Ballot
November 2009
________________________________________________________________________________________________
Table 5-4 Key to Damage Mechanisms

DM#
Damage Mechanism
DM#
Damage Mechanism
Sulfidation
34
Softening (Spheroidization)
Wet H2S Damage (Blistering/HIC/SOHIC/SSC)
35
Reheat Cracking
Creep / Stress Rupture
36
Sulfuric Acid Corrosion
High temp H2/H2S Corrosion
37
Hydrofluoric Acid Corrosion
Polythionic Acid Cracking
38
Flue Gas Dew Point Corrosion
Naphthenic Acid Corrosion
39
Dissimilar Metal Weld (DMW) Cracking
Ammonium Bisulfide Corrosion
40
Hydrogen Stress Cracking in HF
Ammonium Chloride Corrosion
41
Dealloying (Dezincification/ Denickelification)
HCl Corrosion
42
CO2 Corrosion
10
High Temperature Hydrogen Attack
43
Corrosion Fatigue
11
Oxidation
44
Fuel Ash Corrosion
12
Thermal Fatigue
45
Amine Corrosion
13
Sour Water Corrosion (acidic)
46
Corrosion Under Insulation (CUI)
14
Refractory Degradation
47
Atmospheric Corrosion
15
Graphitization
48
Ammonia Stress Corrosion Cracking
16
Temper Embrittlement
49
Cooling Water Corrosion
17
Decarburization
50
Boiler Water / Condensate Corrosion
18
Caustic Cracking
51
Microbiologically Induced Corrosion (MIC)
19
Caustic Corrosion
52
Liquid Metal Embrittlement
20
Erosion / Erosion-Corrosion
53
Galvanic Corrosion
21
Carbonate SCC
54
Mechanical Fatigue
22
Amine Cracking
55
Nitriding
23
Chloride Stress Corrosion Cracking
56
Vibration-Induced Fatigue
24
Carburization
57
Titanium Hydriding
25
Hydrogen Embrittlement
58
Soil Corrosion
26
Steam Blanketing
59
Metal Dusting
27
Thermal Shock
60
Strain Aging
28
Cavitation
61
Sulfate Stress Corrosion Cracking
29
Graphitic Corrosion (see Dealloying)
62
Phosphoric Acid Corrosion
30
Short term Overheating Stress Rupture
63
Phenol (carbolic acid) Corrosion
31
Brittle Fracture
64
Ethanol Stress Corrosion Cracking
32
Sigma Phase/ Chi Embrittlement
65
Oxygen-enhanced Ignition and Combustion

Organic Acid Corrosion Of Distillation Tower
Overhead Systems
33
885 F (475 C) Embrittlement
66
September 2010
5-91
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Figure 5-65 Crude Unit / Vacuum
5-92
November 2009
________________________________________________________________________________________________
Figure 5-66 Delayed Coker
September 2010
5-93
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Figure 5-67 Fluid Catalytic Cracking
5-94
November 2009
________________________________________________________________________________________________
Figure 5-68 FCC Light Ends Recovery
September 2010
5-95
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Figure 5-69 Catalytic Reforming CCR
5-96
November 2009
________________________________________________________________________________________________
Figure 5-70 Catalytic Reforming Fixed Bed
September 2010
5-97
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Figure 5-71 Hydroprocessing - Hydrotreating, Hydrocracking
5-98
November 2009
________________________________________________________________________________________________
Figure 5-72 - Sulfuric Acid Alkylation
September 2010
5-99
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Figure 5-73 HF Alkylation
5-100
November 2009
________________________________________________________________________________________________
Figure 5-74 Amine Treating
September 2010
5-101
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Figure 5-75 Sulfur Recovery
5-102
November 2009
________________________________________________________________________________________________
Figure 5-76 Sour Water Stripper
September 2010
5-103
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Figure 5-77 Isomerization
5-104
November 2009
________________________________________________________________________________________________
Figure 5-78 Hydrogen Reforming
September 2010
5-105
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Figure 5-79 Visbreaker
5-106
November 2009
________________________________________________________________________________________________
Figure 5-80 Caustic Treating

API 571 Section - 5 Refining Industry Damage Mechanisms - PFDs - Final

Hochgeladen von

Dokumentinformationen

Originalbeschreibung:

Originaltitel

Copyright

Verfügbare Formate

Dieses Dokument teilen

Dokument teilen oder einbetten

Freigabeoptionen

Stufen Sie dieses Dokument als nützlich ein?

Sind diese Inhalte unangemessen?

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

API 571 Section - 5 Refining Industry Damage Mechanisms - PFDs - Final

Hochgeladen von

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

September 2010

API Recommended Practice 57

5.2 Process Unit PFDs

Crude Unit / Vacuum: See Figure 5-65.

Delayed Coker: See Figure 5-66.

Fluid Catalytic Cracking: See Figure 5-67.

FCC Light Ends Recovery: See Figure 5-68.

Catalytic Reforming CCR: See Figure 5-69.

Catalytic Reforming Fixed Bed: See Figure 5-70.

Hydroprocessing Units Hydrotreating, Hydrocracking: See Figure 5-71.

Sulfuric Acid Alkylation: See Figure 5-72.

HF Alkylation: See Figure 5-73.

5.2.10 Amine Treating: See Figure 5-74.

Table 5-4 Key to Damage Mechanisms

Wet H2S Damage (Blistering/HIC/SOHIC/SSC)

Creep / Stress Rupture

Sulfuric Acid Corrosion

High temp H2/H2S Corrosion

Hydrofluoric Acid Corrosion

Polythionic Acid Cracking

Flue Gas Dew Point Corrosion

Naphthenic Acid Corrosion

Dissimilar Metal Weld (DMW) Cracking

Ammonium Bisulfide Corrosion

Hydrogen Stress Cracking in HF

Ammonium Chloride Corrosion

Dealloying (Dezincification/ Denickelification)

High Temperature Hydrogen Attack

Fuel Ash Corrosion

Sour Water Corrosion (acidic)

Corrosion Under Insulation (CUI)

Ammonia Stress Corrosion Cracking

Cooling Water Corrosion

Boiler Water / Condensate Corrosion

Microbiologically Induced Corrosion (MIC)

Liquid Metal Embrittlement

Chloride Stress Corrosion Cracking

Sulfate Stress Corrosion Cracking

Graphitic Corrosion (see Dealloying)

Phosphoric Acid Corrosion

Short term Overheating Stress Rupture

Phenol (carbolic acid) Corrosion

Ethanol Stress Corrosion Cracking

Sigma Phase/ Chi Embrittlement

Oxygen-enhanced Ignition and Combustion

885 F (475 C) Embrittlement

Figure 5-65 Crude Unit / Vacuum

Figure 5-66 Delayed Coker

Figure 5-67 Fluid Catalytic Cracking

Figure 5-68 FCC Light Ends Recovery

Figure 5-69 Catalytic Reforming CCR

Figure 5-70 Catalytic Reforming Fixed Bed

Figure 5-71 Hydroprocessing - Hydrotreating, Hydrocracking

Figure 5-72 - Sulfuric Acid Alkylation

Figure 5-73 HF Alkylation

Figure 5-74 Amine Treating

Figure 5-75 Sulfur Recovery

Figure 5-76 Sour Water Stripper

Figure 5-77 Isomerization

Figure 5-78 Hydrogen Reforming

Figure 5-79 Visbreaker

Figure 5-80 Caustic Treating