Regine S.

Rafer Chapter 14

2Amid

1. The value chain consist the series of business activity that design, produce, market, deliver, and service a product to a customer/customers. The value delivery chain includes all the parties in a value chain. 2. The sorting process associates manufacturer and consumer goals, which also consists of fourdistribution process: Accumulation is gathering small deliveries/shipments so shipping costs are lower and allocation is allotting or distributing items to various consumer markets. Sorting is arranging or dividing products into colors, sizes, brands and other category and assorting is presenting an array or variety of products so consumers have options. 3. Selecting of Channel of Distribution depends on the several factors, like the consumers , the company, the products, the competition, legal requirements and distribution channels themselves. 4. A firm may use of direct channel if they want to be in command of their entire time in marketing efforts, want close customer contact, and have limited markets. An indirect channel is most of the time used by firms that want to expand their market, increase sales, and surrender distribution functions and costs. 5. A product could move from excusive to selective to intensive distribution depending on the goals, sellers, customers, and marketing. 6. Based on total cost approach, motor carriers can set the proper customer service level than waterways deliveries because motor carrier because it has with the lowest total cost, faster delivery speed, highest number of location served, wider range of products carried and more number of frequency of shipments. However, it has high rate of losses and damages of product during shipments. 7. A low turnover rate means that inventory investments are not that productive, items are quite old, and losses from the style changes are high, and inventory cost is higher. A jewelry store can improve its turnover rate by reducing its assortments of jewelries, keeping only small amounts of some items and dropping their slow selling items. 8. I think it would be beneficial to the wholesaler who planned to have a safety stock equivalent to 50% of the expected sales because it is better to have an extra inventory as guard against being out of stock due to unexpected high demand from the consumers or production and delays. On the other hand, without a safety stock, the wholesaler might lose sales.

Regine S. Rafer Chapter 15

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1. Selling to a wholesaler means that a certain firm would sell their product to wholesalers and after that it is up to the wholesaler on what they will do to the products sold to them. While selling through a wholesaler means that, the firm sells their product by bulk or wholesale. 2. This take places when the manufacturer/service provider senses that it is going to work best and more effectively by reaching business-to-business consumers using wholesaling products. 3. Its branch office is the main office where all operations and tasks are completed as well as warehousing and selling while the sales office provides as the production facilities which is rather smaller where the consumers can easily commence transactions. 4. Merchant wholesalers buy products, own products, so they can resell them and further distribute the products while agents/brokers do not take title to products, they are giving their services and they individually advertise the products for which they are paid for. 5. Limited-service merchant wholesalers carry out little amount of merchandising tasks like construction materials, equipments, and the like. Full-service merchant wholesalers supply all kinds of merchandising tasks which rangers from providing credit to repair services. 6. Cash-and-carry wholesaling is unique because it is hassle-free, small business buy products from wholesalers and sells them on their own business with no credit and truck/wagon wholesalers offers items from a truck/wagon and delivers goods. 7. Because drop shippers transport good, which are bought to a store, they buy the items, contact the consumers, set-up shipment dates, also, they are held accountable for items that cannot be sold anymore. 8.Manufacturer's/service provider's agents do work for manufacturer's/service provider's, they have no disagreement or inconsistencies because of interest, while selling agents are guaranteed with a contract granted that they are liable of the certain items and they have their quota/part.

Regine S. Rafer Chapter 16

2Amid

1. Retailing provides various functions including gathering a product assortment, providing information, handling merchandise, and completing transactions. Width and depth of assortment depend on the retailers strategy and the feedback on marketing research is given to other channel members through retailers. 2. There is plenty of competition, poor management skillsstaffed by the owner and family members, inadequate resources and ease of entry. 3. The franchisee often gets training and engages in cooperative buying and advertising. The franchisor benefits from the franchise fees and royalties, faster payments, strict operating controls, consistency among outlets, and motivated owner- operator. 4. A traditional department store involves strategies like presenting a broad variety of products and it can be the center of a shopping area since it comprises of recognized stores with high names while the full-line discount store offers very low prices, wide shopping space, more goods displayed than design, and the like. 5. Direct marketing- a seller first communicates with consumers via non-personal media. Direct sellinginvolves personal contacts with consumers in their homes and phone solicitations initiated by the retailer. Direct selling has greater sales because of their approach to the customers where they were informed anytime, anywhere about the product, while direct selling has limited connection to customers. 6. Scrambled merchandising is often fast selling, generates store topic, and yields high profit margins, but on the other hand, it can spread quickly and cause competition among unrelated firms. There are limits to how far a firm should go with scrambled merchandising especially if adding unrelated items would reduce buying, selling, and service effectiveness. 7. From the viewpoint of the battle between traditional department stores and full- line discount stores, a wheel of retailing can provide/shows how strategies changes leaving an opening for the other firm. If the traditional department stores would improve their products offerings, services and develop their over-all operations, they may increase their sales force, progress to better positions, or even offer better delivery, credits or modifications. But this improvements lead to higher cost, and higher prices, which in turn, openings exist for full-line discount stores and other new generations of retailer to emerge and move up the wheel 8. In debit cards when a customer purchases, the amount is immediately charged, while on credit card consumers are sent bills and then remit payments. The advantage of debit transactions to a retailer is that they are assured that the customer has funds on a bank and they were paid promptly and relieved that the customer would never have debt and overdrafts.