ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR

Fundamentals of OB

Prof. Rhodella A. Ibabao, PhD Faculty Dept. of Management

Energizer
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Break into groups of 3 members. 1. What is your definition of organization? 2. Respond by drawing a picture that includes many of your ideas about organization. Use no words. 3. As a group, describe why you drew what you did with your group mates. 4. What are some of the important features of organizations that are reflected in your drawing? Which is the most important in your picture and why? 5. Compare your drawing with those of other groups. How do they differ? Why?

INTRODUCTION TO OB

What is an Organization?
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a social unit composed of people whose activities are deliberately coordinated for the achievement of specific goals or purposes (Light & Kelley, 1985).

What is an Organization?
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The types/forms of organizations that exist vary public, sector, voluntary sector, business sector

What is OB?
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OB studies the behaviors, thoughts and feelings of people in an organization and how these influence the level of achievement of the organization.

Why should you be interested in studying OB?

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OB theories and principles are inter-disciplinary and have broad applications

Sociology studies people in relation to their fellow human beings

Psychology seeks to measure, explain, and change behavior

Social psychology focuses on the influence of people on one another

Social psychology focuses on the influence of people on one another

Political science is the study of the behavior of individuals and groups within a political environment

OBs Unit of Analysis

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Why should you be interested in studying OB?

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Using scientific methods, you can describe understand predict and control behavior

Why should you be interested in studying OB?

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Theories and principles can help you to deal with forces that influence behavior and management.

personality of the individual Personality of other people in the organization physical design of organizations Socio-cultural changes technology political forces environment/ethical Legislative rules

What is the significance of a historical perspective in the appreciation of modern organizations?

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Collective activity has existed for thousands of years Plato - wrote about the essence of leadership Aristotle - addressed the topic of persuasive communication Confucius - ethics and leadership (propriety, virtue, trustworthiness) Machiavelli - laid the foundation for contemporary work on organizational power and politics

What is the significance of a historical perspective in the appreciation of modern organizations?

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A. Classical View (Early 1900s)

Focus: Prescription on the correct way to manage an organization and achieve its goals High specialization of labor and decision making was centralized
Max Weber - bureaucracy and charismatic leadership

What is the significance of a historical perspective in the appreciation of modern organizations?

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Scientific Management q Frederick Taylor -Father of Scientific Management q Use of careful research to determine degree of specialization & increased productivity. q Time-motion studies and different compensation systems

Evolution of OB
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B. Human Relations Movement (after WWI) Advocates management styles that are more participative and oriented towards employee needs

Focus: teams , motivation , and the actualization of the goals of individuals within organizations. Chester Barnard , Henri Fayol , Frederick Herzberg, Abraham Maslow , David McClelland , and Victor Vroom

Evolution of OB
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Hawthorne Studies Hawthorne plant of Western Electric in the 1920s that examined how psychological and social processes affect productivity Effect of physical condition on human behavior

Evolution of OB
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C. 1960s and 1970s Strong influence: Social Psychology and strong emphasis on quantitative research. Contingency Theory
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one best way to manage Management style depends on the demands of the situation Style is contingent on external and internal constraints

Evolution of OB
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D. Starting 1980s Focus: Cultural explanations of organizations and change Qualitative methods of study became more acceptable, informed by Anthropology, Psychology and Sociology. nOrganizational Citizenship Behavior nPsychological Contract

Exercise
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The Story of the Shoe Maker A shoe manufacturer is faced with decreasing profits

How would the different views address the problem of the shoe maker?