Standards, Testing and Certification and Industry Involvement

IRENA/NREL Workshop on Best Practices in Renewable Energy Technology Cooperation

November 22, 2011 Tom Basso Distributed Energy Systems Integration Group Electricity, Resources and Building Systems Integration Center National Renewable Energy Laboratory

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Benefits of Standards and Conformity Assessment

Safeguards against hazards
Fosters quality design and manufacture Increases competitiveness in industry Creates and expands markets Facilitates Trade and Commerce Assurance is provided when products meet quality standards, then users need not be concerned with redundant testing or evaluation of the product

Accelerates engineering advances & implementation, interoperability, and installation Assists increased quality and reliability achievement Simplifies compliance to needs, permitting, & rules Promotes advanced communications; software platforms interchangeability Enables enhanced DER systems and grid intelligence Lower cost and quicker deployment for projects.
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Putting the Pieces Together: Standards, Testing, and Certification/Conformance (NREL STAC)

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NREL Standards,Testing and Certification/Conformance Topical Areas (not exhaustive)

Energy Systems Integration Areas - Renewable Energy Resources - Distributed Energy Systems Integration with the Smart Grid* - Energy Systems Integration Facility

Renewable Energy Systems/Technology Specific Areas - Photovoltaic Technology - Solar Thermal - Wind Energy - Geothermal - Electric Vehicles - Etc. (e.g., Buildings; Marine/Hydrokinetc Energy; Fuel Cells/Hydrogen)
* Smart Grid (IEEE Std 2030) the integration of power, communications, and information technologies for an improved electric power infrastructure serving loads while providing for an ongoing evolution of end-use applications. 4
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NREL STAC: Energy Systems Integration Areas

Renewable Energy Resources, e.g., Solar Radiation Research Laboratory; solar and wind resource atlases, data sets; annual Pyrheliometer Comparisons, etc. Smart Grid Interconnection & Interoperability Standards - IEEE SCC21 Leadership (e.g., worlds first systems level Smart Grid interoperability standard) and IEC/TC8/USTAG Leadership - Facilitate evolution to a Smart Grid (SG) by standards and best practices supporting advancement of SG technologies and implementation via standardized requirements, test procedures, operating practices, and stakeholder education. - Develop, maintain, and harmonize national and international standards and best practices for EPS interfaces and requirements among electric T&D systems, markets, EPS operators, distributed energy resources (DER), customers, end-use applications and loads, including electric vehicles, energy storage. 5
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NRELs Energy Systems Integration Facility (ESIF)

- Megawatt-scale R&D facility - State-of-the-art electric systems simulation and visualization - Component and systems testing at MW-scale power - Integration of functioning systems with utility system simulations for realtime, real-power evaluation of high penetration scenarios

See: http://www.nrel.gov/eis/facilities_esif.html or call NRELs Public Affairs Office at (303) 275-4084

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Renewable Energy Systems Technologies: NREL STAC Example Activities/Capabilities

Photovoltaic Technology: NREL facilitated creation of all PV terrestrial standards starting in1980s IEEE SCC21, ASTM E44, NEC/Article 690, IEC/TC82, IEC/JCG (TC82, TC88, TC105) - Currently: NREL has ISO/IEC accredited lab (cell and module performance testing); indoor & outdoor cell, module and systems performance testing; environmental chamber accelerated stress testing; participates in Solar America Board for Codes and Standards (Solar ABCs); etc. Concentrating Solar Power (CSP): - Established performance tests transferred to ASME standards group PTC-52 performance test code development for CSP trough, tower, dish, and linear Fresnel. - See fact sheets on capabilities for developing, testing, and evaluating concentrating solar power components and systems.
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Renewable Energy Systems Technologies: NREL STAC Example Activities/Capabilities

Wind Energy: participant IEC/TC88; - NREL National Wind Technology Center (NWTC) , e.g., testing, utility grid assessment, and wind resource assessment mapping; - Wind Systems Integration Group (NREL Electricity, Resources, and Building Systems Integration Center) works with industry, academia, other national laboratories, and various standards organizations. Marine/Hydrokinetic Energy (under NWTC): participant IEC/TC114; - R&D efforts; test & validate machine performance; lessen inefficiencies Geothermal - NREL activities include: Systems Integration; Testing and Validation Electric Vehicles e.g., established testing procedures report
(Chakraborty, S., 2011, Interim Test Procedures for Evaluating Electrical Performance and Grid Integration of Vehicle-to-Grid Applications, NREL /TP-5500-51001).

Etc., (e.g., Buildings; Fuel Cells/Hydrogen standards; )

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Smart Grid Interconnection and Interoperability Stds Support All Technologies & Grid Operations

Central Power Generation Wind Farms Concentrating Solar Power Electric Solar Utility Scale PV Transmission Geothermal System Ocean Wave & Current

Advanced Power Management Systems Integration Interconnection Technology Storage Smart-Grid Micro-grids System Impacts Standards and Codes

Distributed Power Generation Solar Residential/ Commercial PV

Electric Distribution System

Small/Community Wind Electric Drive Vehicles Fuel Cells Micro-turbines/Engines

Load Management Efficient End Use Residential Buildings Commercial Buildings Solar Heating & Cooling Electric Drive Vehicles Industry
Slide adapted from DeBlasio 7/8/07 Innovation for Our Energy Future
Dynamic Systems Control Data Management Utility Communications Internet Efficient Building Systems Renewables PV Consumer Portal & Building EMS

Distribution Operations

Advanced Metering

Control Interface

Plug-In Hybrids Smart End-Use Devices

Distributed Generation & Storage

Smart Grid Concepts: Interconnection and Interoperability

System of Systems Approach

Interoperability:

the capability of two or more networks, systems, devices, applications, or components to externally exchange and readily use information securely and effectively.

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Smart Grid Standards Needs and Challenges

Lack of common understanding and knowledge base for smart grid (SG) interconnection and interoperability terms and integration among power, information and communications technologies, stakeholders, and roles Incomplete set of standards, guidelines and best practices; Lack of standards coordination and harmonization; Untested or non-validated technology; Technology non-uniformity, non-interoperability, quality, and acceptance practices; Improved DER integration and proven, agreed upon advanced operating strategies; Lack of standardized interfaces hardware , operational, and informational. Lack of uniform, agreed upon implementation protocols
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Smart Grid Standards Technical Approach

Interoperability standards for smart grid components and the overall system Interconnection and integration standards for distributed energy resources (DER), including generation, storage and electric vehicles Smart grid architecture & interoperability cyber security related requirements Exploratory and conformance test procedures related to smart grid interconnections, interoperability and cyber security requirements Smart grid interfaces with the transmission system and local loads, including architectures and interoperability pertinent to demand response Distribution system protection, operations, and automation practices Improved reliability & ancillary service definitions based on system analysis Market systems clarification and uniformity among regions and states

Identification of gaps and conflicts within existing standards and best practices, e.g., local, national, regional, international standards and codes.
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Smart Grid Standards Technical Approach

National Consensus Standards e.g., IEEE/ANSI; IEEE 1547 interconnection
standards cited in 2005 EPACT Section 1254 Interconnection; IEEE Std 2030 Smart Grid Interoperability; standards development: industry-driven partnerships, balanced stakeholder participation, open & impartial leadership (e.g., NREL R.
DeBlasio: IEEE Standards Board of Governors, IEEE Standards liaison to DOE, IEEE SCC21 Chair);

IEEE Standards Coordinating Committee 21

Fuel Cells, Photovoltaics (PV), Dispersed Generation and Energy Storage sponsors and develops 1547 interconnection and 2030 Smart Grid interoperability series of standards, IEEE/ANS PV standards; NREL provides SCC21 leadership (R. DeBlasio SCC21 Chair; T. Basso Vice Chair).

Harmonization of national and international standards -- IEEE SCC21 and

IEC/TC8 (International Electro-technical Commission/TC8) System Aspects of Electrical Energy Supply -- NREL manages IEC US/Technical Advisory Group/TC8;
US/TAG/TC8 Technical Advisor: T. Basso; IEEE 1547 Std as reference document - IEC/IEEE dual
logo Publically Available Specification (PAS)

NIST Smart Grid Standards Roadmap & Interoperability Framework, and

Catalogue of Standards, e.g., IEEE 1547 and IEEE 2030 series.
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IEEE 1547 Series of Standards

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IEEE 2030 Series: Smart Grid Interoperability

IEEE Std 2030 Guide for Smart Grid Interoperability of Energy Technology and Information Technology Operation with the Electric Power System and EndUse Applications and Loads
IEEE P2030.1 Draft Guide for Electric-Sourced Transportation Infrastructure IEEE P2030.2 Draft Guide for Energy Storage Systems Interoperability with Electric Power Infrastructure IEEE P2030.3 Draft Standard for Test Procedures for Electric Energy Storage Equipment and Systems for Electric Power Systems Applications
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Example Smart Grid Testing at NREL

(in 2012 move to NREL Energy Systems Integration Facility ESIF)
Grid Agent/ Smart Meter DC Loads Wind DC Bus Turbines

LV AC Bus

Communications / IT infrastructure Grid Simulator

MV AC Bus Utility Grid

MV Generation AC Loads/ Appliances Fuel Cells Microturbines

Battery Banks PV Arrays

PHEV/V2 G

Building Loads and Demand Response

Synchronous Generators Energy Storage

Inverters 16
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Standards Implementation Enabling DER Interconnection (Example for USA)

Prior to 2005 EPACT Sec 1254 Interconnection

states shall consider IEEE 1547 standards

At the end of 2008

states that implemented 1547 interconnection standards
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IEEE 1547 Interconnection Standards Use in USA:

Federal, Regional, State and Local Authorities/Jurisdictions

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Example Interactions & Collaborations

NRECA , e.g., R. Saint P1547.7 Chair PPL, e.g., D. Bassett P1547.8 Co-chair PJM , e.g., member on their SG work group MADRI, e.g., member on their SG subgroup EEI - SCC21 WG members NERC, e.g., member on their SG Task Force; and they liaison with IEEE SCC21 NIST SGIP and NIST PAP7 member DOE EERE Solar codes & standards coordination SNL, e.g., SCC21 WG members ORNL, e.g., SCC21 WG members SAE, e.g., co-hosted P2030 meeting; liaison with SCC21 WGs; and members on SCC21 WGs; NEMA , e.g., member on their Energy Storage Council IEC, e.g., TC8 (manage US members; Technical Advisor for US/TC8 group; coordinate with TC57, TC82 member. UL, e.g., SCC21 Committee TUV/ASU (test lab) SC21 WG member CSA (test lab) SCC WG member

Satcon (inverter mfgr) WG member INTEL - P2030 Task Force Chair; hosted A123 Batteries - WG member P2030 meeting Altair Nano (batteries) WG Member IBM P2030 Task Force Chair; hosted P2030 . Hundreds more stakeholders in meeting IEEE SCC21 standards working DTE/Detroit Edison Co., co-hosted P2030 groups as consensus volunteers, meeting; members on SCC21 WGs; e.g., GE, Westinghouse, Siemens, Kohler, e.g., Mark Siira P2030.2 Chair Eaton, KEMA, Cooper Power,
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Contact Information
Dick DeBlasio* - NREL Chief Engineer (Renewable Electricity and End Use Systems Directorate) IEEE Standards Board of Governors; IEEE Standards Board Liaison to DOE; Chair IEEE SCC21, 1547, and P2030; em: Dick.Deblasio@nrel.gov voice: (303) 275 4333

Smart Grid interoperability & interconnection Stds: Tom Basso*

IEEE SCC21 Vice Chair, & Secty 2030 & P2030.2, and P1547.2.3.4.6,.7; P1547.8 Co-Chair; Solar ABCs Steering Committee Member. thomas.basso@nrel.gov (303) 275 - 3753
* NREL http://www.nrel.gov

Ben Kroposki* NREL

Chair 1547.4 & Secty 1547.1 benjamin.kroposki@nrel.gov (303) 275 2979

1617 Cole Blvd. MS5202

Golden, CO 80401-3393

IEEE SCC21 -- IEEE Standards Coordinating Committee 21 on Fuel Cells, Photovoltaics, Dispersed Generation, & Energy Storage http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/scc21/ IEEE 1547 Smart Grid Interconnection standards and IEEE 2030 Smart Grid interoperability standards IEEE photovoltaics standards

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