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ICND2 v1.02-1
Purpose of VTP
You can create VLANs on a switch. What if you have the same VLANs on 10 linked switches? Or 100 linked switches? Do you have to create the VLANs on every switch and allow them on each trunk? VTP helps.
But you still have to assign access ports to VLANs on each switch.
ICND2 v1.02-2
VTP Features
ICND2 v1.02-3
VTP Modes
Cannot create, change, or delete VLANs Sends and forwards advertisements Synchronizes
Create local VLANs only Modify local VLANs only Delete local VLANs only Forwards advertisements
ICND2 v1.02-4
VTP Operation
VTP advertisements are sent as multicast frames. VTP servers and clients are synchronized to the latest revision number. VTP advertisements are sent every 5 minutes or when there is a change.
ICND2 v1.02-5
If the name is the same, the switch compares the revision number to its own revision number.
Number higher or equal, ignored the packet. Number lower, sends an advertisement request.
ICND2 v1.02-6
Request Advertisement
Sent by client to server if: The VTP domain name has been changed
The switch receives a summary advertisement with a higher configuration revision number than its own
A subset advertisement message is missed for some reason
ICND2 v1.02-7
Subset advertisement
Contains VLAN information. Several may be needed if there is a lot of information. Sent by server in response to a request or after:
Creating or deleting a VLAN Suspending or activating a VLAN Changing the name of a VLAN Changing the MTU of a VLAN
ICND2 v1.02-8
VTP Pruning
ICND2 v1.02-9
ICND2 v1.02-10
A new switch can automatically become part of a domain once it receives an advertisement from a server.
A VTP client can overwrite a VTP server database if the client has a higher revision number.
ICND2 v1.02-11
SwitchX# configure terminal SwitchX(config)# vtp mode [ server | client | transparent ] SwitchX(config)# vtp domain domain-name SwitchX(config)# vtp password password SwitchX(config)# vtp pruning SwitchX(config)# end
ICND2 v1.02-12
ICND2 v1.02-13
ICND2 v1.02-14
Things to check
VTP Version. It needs to be the same on all switches in the domain. Domain name. Is it exactly the same on all switches? VTP Password if any. Is it exactly the same on all switches?
Check that there is at least one server. Better to have at least two.
If you recently added a new switch, had its revision number been set to 0?
ICND2 v1.02-15
Summary
VTP is a Layer 2 messaging protocol that maintains VLAN configuration consistency.
ICND2 v1.02-16
ICND2 v1.02-17