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Lesson Introduction
Dear Students
The word Vazthu (invocation) has several meanings in
our Thamizh language such as felicitating wish or praise and
enumerating the qualities etc., Here, in this lesson, the invocation
has been presented in the context of Praise.

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11

Advanced Lessons

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13

Advanced Lessons

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Lesson Introduction
This lesson titled Children and Education is presented
in the conversation form (one to one interaction). The mental
and physical health of the child labourers is explained in this
lesson. The agony of loss of education is also mentioned here.
The interaction starts focusing on a child labourer named
Kadhirvelan.

14

15

Advanced Lessons

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17

Advanced Lessons

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capacity

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at school.

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(something)
found by analysis/research.

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new knowledge

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factory

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21

Advanced Lessons

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23

Advanced Lessons

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25

Advanced Lessons

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27

Advanced Lessons

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29

Advanced Lessons

- 3.

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Lesson Introduction
VARUNANAI means describing the sequence of incidents
beautiful. This is also known as PUNAINDHURAI or Decorative
narration. The word PUNAITHAL means decorating. Depicting
anything in a decorative style is known as VARUNANAI or
PUNAINDHURAI.

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31

Advanced Lessons

= ; beautiful cradle

= ; black

= , vibrated

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light in the form of decorative designs

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33

Advanced Lessons

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35

Advanced Lessons

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37

Advanced Lessons

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39

Advanced Lessons

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40

Lesson Introduction
Dear Students
You might have listened to a few folk songs in Films.
You may known the folk songs sung in the rural areas such as
THALATTU (LULLUBY) and OPPARI (LYRICS OF CONDOLENCE).
Folk songs of this type are known as gypsy lyrics and rural
odes. Since these types of song are not in written form but are
learnt or handed down through mere listening; they are also known
as ORAL LITERATURE. These songs have been sung since the
ancient days.
Over the years, people have collected such folk songs as the

THALATTU (LULLUBY),
OPPARI (LYRICS OF CONDOLENCE),
NATTUVALAM (WEALTH OF A NATION),
VAZHIPADU (PRAYER),
VEETTU NIGAZHCHIGAL (VARIOUS HAPPENINGS AT HOME),
THOZHILGAL (OCCUPATIONS),
THOZHILALAR NILAIMAI (CONDITIONS OF THE WORKERS),
KAADHAL (Which means LOVE) etc.

A greater use of colloquial words and slang is quite common in folk

songs than in other songs. The folk songs are sweet and simple.
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41

Advanced Lessons

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43

Advanced Lessons

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45

Advanced Lessons

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47

Advanced Lessons

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49

Advanced Lessons

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51

Advanced Lessons

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52

- 5.

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Lesson Introduction
News is published in NAALEDU. As NAAL means DAY and YEDU means
PAPER, NAALEDU refers to dailies. DINAMANI, DHINA THANTHI, DHINA
MALAR, MALAI MURASU and MALAIMALAR are some of the newspapers in
Tamil. News is broadcast both through Radio and Television.

-
North)
NEWS . (N
East), (W
West), (S
South)
(E
N-E-W-S .
(New) news
.

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53

Advanced Lessons

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54

1. - / metropolitan city;
2. - /
out-skirt of a city, suburb.
3. - / heavy rain
4. - / routine life
5. -
/ Port
6. - /rails
belonging to the Central Railways
7. - / the functioning of
trains
8. - / rail service
9. -
/ press release.
10. - / sewage pit
11. - / the
quantum of rain recorded (in place)
12. -
/ Department of Meteorology.

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55

Advanced Lessons

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57

Advanced Lessons

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59

Advanced Lessons

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61

Advanced Lessons

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63

Advanced Lessons

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65

Advanced Lessons

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66

- 6.

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Lesson Introduction
Dear Students,
Listen to the introductory part of this lesson before learning it. Then read it
with comprehension. This is an abridged version of DEEPANGAL, one of the short
stories extracted from the collection of short stories compiled by Malaysian writers
and titled VERUM VAZHVUM, The 43 stories in this collection have been compiled
by Mr.Sy.Bir Mohammed. Mr.Anbuchelvan is the author of the story DEEPANGAL.
Mr.Sy.Bir Mohammed acclaims that Mr.Anbuchelvan has won many awards and
golden citations.
Ismail is one of the characters in DEEPANGALwho had migrated to Malaysia
(which was Malaya when the story was written.) This short story depicts Ismailss
expectations and struggle in his life. The story ends with a note by Tamil Nadu,Tamils
on the Malaysian Tamils.

67

Advanced Lessons

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68

18. .
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money order, money

sent through the mail
service from one place
to another

will it be lost

, bearing/
shouldering suspicion as
a burden.

; to face

; Income
to lead a good life.

the
marriage ritual of the
muslims

; estate;

()
,
, (of money)

69

Advanced Lessons

; being the
reverse of

() ; value

; sorrow,
grief

()

;
concealing the grief.

(
)

;
;
can not withstand

.



.
A space measuring five
feet width, in the foot
path infront of
the shops; Vendors
sell their articles in
this place from
morning to evening.

; not
able to long last.

70

having got caught;

fine,

.


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; A confectionary
item resembling noodles
prepared out of rice
flour. Malay, Chinese
and Tamils use
this,generally for break
fast and as well for
dinner.

did
business

( )
; petty
errands; odd jobs

; lose

,
; income

( )
; make
good of the loss etc.,
compensate

71

Advanced Lessons

,
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get reduced, passed

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73

Advanced Lessons

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28.


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= ; not well

= , ; intense
fever

=
taking leave ( is the transliterated form
of the English word leave)

= transliterated form of
the English word dispensary

= medicines; mixture and tablet

= injection

= ; distress; mental agony

(
= mental agony (that cannot be
)
expressed)
= ;

hiding
=
, dusting
the mat and spreading it on the floor

74

= consciousness

= Ismail did not see the day break i.e.

Ismail expired

= objective / aim or ambition
= The place around Mount Road area (in
Chennai) ( is the transliterated
version of the English form MOUNT
ROAD) now it is called as Anna Saalai.

= ticket

= ,

; ;
spoken Tamil usage, equivalent written Tamil
usage is that (he)
has no (money) to spend

= .
/ :
he is gifted or blessed (in his life)

= matinee show of a movie

= enthused, encouraged

= ; ( - ) Rubber
tree (- a Malay word)

=


. :
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).
( ).
Agents who muster people for jobs in Malaysia use, such a captivating phrase. The
literal meaning of the sentence is: the rubber trees yield/bear money as fruits (and
hence you come to Malaysia to take jobs in
rubber plantation etc.)

75

Advanced Lessons

= ; lamp

= put off

= ( )
; a corpse without a person to
conduct the funeral.

= ., : ;
Malaesian Tamil usage. meaning: burial ground

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19. .
20. .
21. .

77

Advanced Lessons

22. ,
...
.
23.
.
24. . . .
25. ....

.
26. , . . .
.
.
27. - .
28.


!

.
1

1.

()

2.

()

3.

()

78

4.
.

()

5. ()

6.

()

7. ()

,



8. ()

1 - ; 2 - ;
5 - ; 6 -

3 - ;
7 - ;

4 - ;
8 -

1.


, .
2. .
3.
.
4.
5. .
6. ,
7.

8. .

79

Advanced Lessons

9. .
10. .
11. .
12. .
13. .
14.

15.
.
16.


.
17.

18. .
19. .
20. .
21. .
22. ,
...
.
23.
.
24. . . .
25. ....

.
26. , . . .
.
.

80

27. - .
28.


!

. .
.
.


.
.
.
.
?
.


.
++
.

. :

.
.

81

Advanced Lessons

.
.
.

.

.

, , ,
.

.
-

, , ,
, .

.


, .


,
.

82

, , .



, ,
.
. .

.


.

.
. .

. .

1 .
.

83

Advanced Lessons

2 .
.
1. -------- (/ ) .
2. ---------(/ )
3. ------------(/)
.
4. -------- (/
).
: , , ,

84

- 7.

,
. !

.

( )

.

. 1/
4/2001 .
,
.

Lesson Introduction
Short stories, about a page in length are usually published in weeklies.
This lesson EVERYTHING HAS GONE is written by Mr.Deviganesh. The
story goes that a good number of people who have deposited and lost their
savings in fake finance investment companies are suffering in Tamilnadu.
An attempt has been made in the story to expose the traits and trials of
humanity.
Colloquial language and certain English words that are commonly
used in day-to-day life occur in the Story.

-1-
.

( )
.

!
.
.

85

Advanced Lessons

.

.

.

. ...

. ,
!
. .



.
.
,

!. ...
... ...
... ...

...

= ,
.,
Lockup or close an Institution or Industry

=
. deposit .

= . company
.

= - ,
.,
market .

= ., moment

= , .
put on the shirt etc.,

86

= ., without control.

= ; wail, scream in
a heart breaking manner

= contemptible persons, wretched men,

sinners

= , ., little by
little.

= .,

= ., any one,
= if get cheated,

=
., speak without showing respect.
= ., to face

save

= ., cry out in grief

= .,
person

= , sea of grief.,
.

= ()., haughtiness

unlucky

= transliteration of the English word

Government Bank,

= ( ) , deceive

= ., hurtful
remarks

87

Advanced Lessons

1. ?
()
()
()
: ()
2. ?
()
()
()
: ()
3. ?
()
()
()
: ()
4.
?
()
()
()

: ()
-2 -
. , .
. ... , .
...
... . ?
``.... ...! , .
... !

88

?!
...?
.

. !
.
... ...
, .?
.

= ., becomes slackened

= ., in a grieved tone
= ,
., It pains the mind / heart

= ,
., It pains the mind / heart

= ,

= curse

5.
. . . .
?
()
()
()
: ()
6.
. ?
()
()
()
: ()

89

Advanced Lessons

( )
.

!
.
.
.
.
. .
...
.

, !
.
.

.

. ,

!.
... ...
... ...
...
...
. , .
. ... ,
. ...
... .
? ``.... ...! , .
...
! ?!
...?
.

. !
.
... ...
, .?
.

90

1. , ?
()
()
()
: ()
2.
?
()
()
()
: ()
3. ?
()
()
()
: ()
4. ?
()

()

()
: ()
-

( )
.

!
.
.

91

Advanced Lessons

.
.
. .
...
.

, !
.
.

.

. ,

!.
... ...
... ...
...
...
. , .
. ... ,
. ...
... .
? ``.... ...! , .
...
! ?!
...?
.

. !
.
... ...
, .?
.

( )
.

!
.
.
.
.
. .
...

92

, !
.
.

.

. ,

!.
... ...
... ...
...
...
. , .
. ... ,
. ...
... .
? ``.... ...! , .
...
! ?!
...?
.

. !
.
... ...
, .?
.

,
.

, ( ) .
.

93

Advanced Lessons

deposit
company
market
office
government
bank

, , .

.
(-)

,

,
.
.

.
, , ,
, , .
( )
. .

94

.
.
.
.

,
,
.

,
.


,
,
.

1 .
.
1. ---------(/) .
2.
------------ (/) .

95

Advanced Lessons

3. ---------(/ ) .

: , ,
2 . .
-

:
-

96

- 8.
()

() .

.
. , ,
.

.

.
Lesson Introduction
Dear Students!
A poem (a song) always carries a message. Many poetic verses may be
combined to deliver a theme or a part of a story. When a string of verses are
combined to narrate a story, it is called continuous poetry. The great epics Ramayana,
Mahabharatha and Silappathikaram belong to this category of continuous poetry.
Asia Jyothi is a continuous poetry which gives us the history of Lord
Buddha. From this great work, some verses selected from the section titled, Buddha and the poor little boy have been given in the form of a lesson here.

.
.

LIGHT OF ASIA
.
.

. , ,
.

97

Advanced Lessons

. , . - 1876
. -
. . ,
, ,
. - 1954 .

. .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
, .

.
.
.

=
=
=
=
=
=

+
+ ;
+
+
+
+

98

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

-


.
-

-
.
-

-

-

-
.

-
!
-
.

-


,

99

Advanced Lessons

-

-
?

-
!
-
!

!
-
!
-
;
-
!

10

,
.
,
; , ?
.
, ; ;
,
.
,
, ,
.

100

, ! ,
.
, !
, ! !
.
,
,
;
, .
:

! ,

?

? ?
!
!
!

!
, .
[ , , ;

].
!
; .

101

Advanced Lessons

=
( )
=
= ( )
=
=
= (
).
=
=
=
=
= ()
= (
) , .
=
=
= ()
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
= ()

:

,
, .

:
! ,

102

-
!
.

1. :

2. - :

+
+
+
+
3. - :

+
+
+
+

103

Advanced Lessons

4. :
. . . . . . .
. . . . . . .

.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.

. . . . . . .
. - . . . . . .
.
. . . . . .

. . . . . . . !
.

. . . . . .

6. :

1). - . .
()
()
()
()

2). . . . . . . .
()
()
()
()

104

3). . . . . . .
()
()
()
()

7.
. .
.

1 -----------------3 ------------------

2 -----------------4 ------------------

8.
:
-
;
-

. . . . . . . .
()
()
()

1.

2.

- ;

- ;

-;

-

+

105

Advanced Lessons

3.
4.

:
()
()
()

5.

:
()
()
()
()
()

6.

7.

:
()
()
()

1.
2.
3.
4.

8.

()
. . . . .

106

- 9.

.
.
( ) ,
. + =
, ,
. (
)
.
.
, , , ,

.
.
, , .
133 .

1330 .

.
Lesson Introduction
Valluvar refers Thiruvalluvar. He wrote Thirukkural.
Thirukkural is honoured with the titles moral values of Tamilians and Universal moral values. Thiru + Kural = Thirukkural. Here thiru means reverence, respect, administration and so on. Kural means couplet (two-line-verse).
As the concept of Thirukkural stand beyond language, caste, religion, and
time, region it is precisely correct to be called Universal Moral Values.
There are three major divisions in Thirukkural. They are Arathuppaal, Porutpaal
and Kaamathuppaal. Thirukkural has 133 chapters having ten couplets each. On the
whole it has 1330 couplets.
The essay, Philosophy of Valluvar, written by Gnani, is given here as a lesson.

107

Advanced Lessons

1.
.
2.
.
3. , .
4. ,
.
5.
`
.
6.
.
7.

.
8.

.
9.
.
10.
.
11.
.

108

12. .
13.
.
14. ()

.
15.
() .
16.
.
17.
.
18.
.
19. ()
.

1 .

(423)
2.

(355)

3 .

(300)
4 .

(222)

5 .

(46)

109

Advanced Lessons

6 .

(48)

7 .

(261)

8 .

(619)

9 .

(1062)

10.

(973)

1. ?
:
2.
?
: ,

.
3. ,
?
:
4.
?
:
.
5.
?
: .

110

-1-
1.

.
2.
.
3. , .
4. ,
.
5.
`
.
6.
.
7.
.
8.

.
9.
.
10.
.
11.
.

111

Advanced Lessons

= ,
/
,
. ,
chapter on virtues

= .
hundred years,one century

= Clarifications and arguments

= , . , basis

= . , from
whomsoever

= . , if heard

= .o
whatever nature

= . , even if

= . , truth

= , . , strength

= ,
. subtlety

= with firmness and subtlety

= . , honest person
= . , wouldnt get

= . , begging

112

( : 423)
:
(-5)

.
.
:

=
=
=
=
=

( : 355)
:
, ,

.
:

=
=

=
=
=

( : 300)

113

Advanced Lessons

:
,
.
:

= ( )

( : 169)
:

.
.
To men of envious heart, when comes increase of joy, or
loss to blameless men, the why will thoughtful hearts employ.
G.U.Pope
:
=

=
=
=
=

( ;

114

1. ?
() ,
() ,
: ()
2. ?
() ? ?
() ? ?
: ()
3.
?
()
()
: ()
4.
. . . .
()
.
() ,

.
: ()
-2-
12. .
13.
.

115

Advanced Lessons

14.
,
.
15.
.

= .
ascetic; one who has renounced worldly
things and has taken to spiritual life.
= ,.
; antonym of
hermit or ascetic
= , . , harm, injury
= ( )

,
. , penance
= . , reward
=
= . , reward. wages
= . , become poor
= . , beg
= . , (let him) suffer

( : 46)
:
.
.
:

116

=
.

( : 48)
:

,
.
:

=
.

= .

( : 261)
:

.

117

Advanced Lessons

:
=

=
=

(
)
/

( : 619)
:


.
:
=

( : 1062)

118

:
,
,
.
:
=

=
=

5.
?
()
.
()
.
: ()
6.

.. . . . .
()
,

()

.
: ()

119

Advanced Lessons

-3 -
16.
.
17.
.
18.
.
19.
.

= ; even one
occupies the higher status

= . , good quality

= persons of lower status

= () . , evil quality

= . , analyse

= ( )
. , seriousness
= ,
., approach

:

.
( : 973)
:

() .

120

,
() .
:

=
=
=
=
=
=

7. ?
()

()
: ()

:
/, ,
, .
!
- () (
) () , , ,
,

.
/ , ,

.

,

.

121

Advanced Lessons

, .
,
!
/
, ?

, .

1. --------- .
2. , -----------
------------------.
3. , ;
--------- --------------- .
4. ----------- ?
5. . -------------- .
6. ------- .
7. . ----------------- .
:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

/
. . . .
. . .

122

- 10.

.
.
.
.
.

Lesson Introduction
Avvaiyar is one of the renowned poets who composed poetry in Tamil language. The term Avvaiyar means Elderly Lady. Many women poets with the
name Avvaiyar have lived in Tamil Nadu in the past. Interesting events which had
taken place during their lifetime have been reported. We shall learn about one such
incident here.
-

.
.
.
, .
.
.

.
.
.

.

.
.

123

Advanced Lessons

.
.
, ``

.
! .
, `` !
.

.
.
.
.

=
hunting

= , mountain, hill

= ,
cleft of a rock

=
, a type of tree which give medicinal
fruit

= , end of the branch

= , ripened

= , rare

= , special feature

= , poet

= , world
of Tamils

124

= , mind

= , whole heartedly

.
, .
.
.

.
.
.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

?
?
?
?
?

:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

.
.
.
.
.

-

.
.
.
, .
.
.

.

125

Advanced Lessons

.
.

.

.
.
.
.
, ``

.
! .
, `` !
.

.
.
.
.

1.
.
1. ?
)
)
)
:
2.
)
)
)
:

126

3. .
)
)
:
)
4.
)
)
)
;
5. .
)
)
)
:
2. .

127

Advanced Lessons

3.
.
:
------------- () .
() .
1.

------------- () .

2.
3.

------------- () .
------------ ()
.

4.

------------ () .

1.
3.

2.
4.

4.
.
1. ------------- (/
)
2. -------------- (/)
3. ------------- (/)
4. ------------- (/
)
5. `` ----------(/
) .

:
1.
2.
3.
4.

.
.
.
.

128

5. ``
.
5. .
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

.
.
, .

.

:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

.
.
, .
.
.

6. .
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

x
x
x
x
x

x
x
x
x
x

:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

7. .
1. .(/)
2. .(/)
3. .(/)
4. .(/)
5. (/)

129

Advanced Lessons

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

8.
.
1. --------------
.
)
)
) .
:
2. ----------------

.
)
)
)
:
3. ----------- .
)
)
)
:
4. ---------- .
)
)
)
:

5. ----------!
)
)
)
:

130

131

Advanced Lessons

- 11.

!

. ;
.
, ,
. ;

.
.
.

. , , ,
.
,
; .
.
,
.
,
. ,
. -
. , ;
; .
96 . , ,
, ,
. .
, ,
.

. ,
.

.

132

!
.
Lesson Introduction
Imagine that you are attending a wedding function and participating in the
feast. A variety of dishes with all tastes like Sweet, Sour and Spicy are being served.
You along with others enjoy the feast. This kind of feast with a variety of dishes and
tastes is called Palsuvai Virunthu in Tamil.

Palsuvai Paadalgal
Likewise you have come to learn Tamil Literature. In Tamil Literature you
have a variety of poems to entertain and make you happy. They express various
moods and feelings like anger, happiness, sorrow, love, affection, valour, laughter
etc. and while reading them, you get a mix of these tastes which you enjoy. This
type of poetry is called Palsuvai Paadalgal.

Chitrilakiyangal
During the beginning and end of the 18th century, this type of poems were
written in large numbers. In particular most of Chitrilakiyangal written those days
were of this Palsuvai nature or variety of tastes.
Chitrilakiyangal which stands for Tiny Literature are basically small in size
and meaning. But they give enormous satisfaction and literary thrill to the readers.
There are 96 types of Chitrilakiyaangal. Ulaa, Parani, Pillaithamizh, Pallu and
Kuravanchi are some of them.

Thanippaadalgal
Some of the Thanippaadalgal (or standalone poems) written during this period are also of Palsuvai (or of multiple taste) in nature. Kaalamegam, Irattai
Pulavargal, Anthagakavi Veeraragavar are some authors of such poems.
In this lesson we are going to learn about three Palsuvai Paadalgal, two from
the Chitrilakiyaangal, Mukkudal Pallu and Kutraala Kuravanji, and the third from a
Thanippaadal written by Kalamega Pulavar.
Now proceed to the feast of Palsuvai Paadalgal.

133

Advanced Lessons

-
.
,
.

. .

.
.
, , ,
.

-

. 176
. 18
.

. ,
,
.
- ,
.
-

134

.
(
)


(
)

135

Advanced Lessons

....

(
)

.

. , .

.
.

. ( =
)
.
,

.
,

136

, .
.

- -
.
.
.
.
.

.
.

. .
, .
.
;

. .
?

-1

.

1. ......................................... 2.............................................
3. ........................................ 4. .........................................
5. ......................................

6. .......................................

137

Advanced Lessons

1.
3.
5.

2.
4.
6.

-2

1. ................................
1. 69
2. 89
3. 96
2. ............................... .
1.
2.
3.
3. ................................... .
1.
2.
3.

1. 96
2.
3.

-

.
. .
.
.
. .

138

.
,
.
.
. .
.
.
.

-
.
. .
,
.
, (
) .

.

. Juggling .

.
-

-

-

139

Advanced Lessons

-

-!

-

-

-

-!

(

)

.

. ,

140

, .

.
. ,
, ; ;
.

. .
. ,
.
( - ;
.
. . .)
.
.
?
.
,
( ) .

-1

.

141

Advanced Lessons

-2
.
1.
2.
3.
4.

.
/
./
. /
,
.
/
5.
.
/

1.
3.
5.

2.
4.

-
.
, .
.

.

-
,
. ;
!. ,

142

.

.
.
.

-
.

; ; ;
; -

.

; ; ;
; -

.

() ; ; ;
; -

.

143

Advanced Lessons

1.
2.

1.

2.

.
,

.

1.
2.

1.
2.

,
.
.
1.

() .

144

2.

.
.

3.

.
()

.

(: , ( ), ,
,
.
.
.)
4.

,

.

,

.

145

Advanced Lessons

, , ,
.
1. ?
2. ?
3. ?

1. -
.
(: , ( ), ,
,
.
. ( )
. .)
2.

= .

.

.


. .
3.

- .

146

.


.


.

147

Advanced Lessons

- 12.

.
1912 25
. ,
.. .

.
.

.

.
Dr.M.Varadharajan was born on 25th April 1912 in a small village called
Velam in the North Arcot District. His father was Munusamy and mother Amma
Kannu Ammaiyar. His house hold name was Thiruvengadam. In the early days he
has been working as a clerk in the Thirupathur Taluk Office. Later he has taken up
to the job of Tamil Teacher in the High School in the same town. Because of his
hard work, he has risen to the level of Professor and Head of Tamil Department in
the Madras University. No achievement is impossible with hard work! True to this
fact, the vice Chancellor post of Madurai Kamarajar University, has come to him.

, ,

.
.
.. ,
.
.
.
Famous political leaders, authors and philosophers used to express their
views and thoughts through letters. Pandit Jawaharlal Nehrus letters to his daughter Indira were world famous. Dr.M.Varadharajan also published books in the
name of Thambikku (for the younger brother), Annaikku (for mother). These
form of writings are classified as letter literature. Here a part of the book
Annaikku - written by Dr.Mu.Va. is given as a lesson.

148

,

.

,
,
;
?
, ,
. .

, ,
.
. ;
; ?
.
.

,
,
,

,
, ,
.
.
,
,
, ,
,
;

149

Advanced Lessons

;

.
,
.
.
.
,
.
,

- Politics

- Talk in a friendly way,

,

- Scholar, Expert, .
- advice,
- right

- , , instil

- , gad about,

- hide,

- Continuously, non stopping, ,

- Teachers Association in college

- religion,

- Society,

- Post Office,

- , patriotism

150

- , be successful

- faith

- degree
- text - book

- set off

- , ,
compel, insist

- holiday

- mere, nothing but

-1
,

.

,
,
;
?
, ,
. .

1. ?
()
()
()

= ()

151

Advanced Lessons

2. ?
()
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= ()

3.
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= ()

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-3

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152

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3.
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153

Advanced Lessons

()
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.
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154

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14.9.2001
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155

Advanced Lessons

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

.
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156

.
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1/2 .
,

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.

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1.
2.
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.

157

Advanced Lessons

1.

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.
2.

:

.
3.

:

.
4.

:

.
5.

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:
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6.

158

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() .
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159

Advanced Lessons

.
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!


.
+ + + + +
+ + +
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=
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.

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160

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161

Advanced Lessons

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162

- 13.

. .

.
. 1996
, 1998
, 2000
.

.
, ,
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,
, . -
.

.
Lesson Introduction
Ms.Vijayalakshmi Subbaraman has qualified herself as the first ever Indian Women
Grand Master. She belongs to TamilNadu. She achieved this distinction when she
participated in the Wipro International Chess Championship at Hyderabad. She has
won the National Womens title in 1996; the Lineras open at Spain in 1998 and the
Asian Championsip at Udaipur in 2000. It is worth mentioning that she has participated in more than 30 international championships.NERKANAL means interview.
To interview well-known leaders, players, literates, and celebrities, meeting them in
person, questioning them and publishing their response is known as NERKANAL.
The Interview will be in the form of questions and responses.

163

Advanced Lessons

.
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164

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165

Advanced Lessons

.
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166

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1.
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. 1996
, 1998
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.

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167

Advanced Lessons

= caturankam (noun) chess

= (noun) competition

= Grand master

= National Womans Champian (noun)

= male person

=
, sports women

= Coach

= , to move a piece

= , game

= , attack,
play offensive game

= , follow, observe

=
, discussing threadbare

= , without
getting depressed of spirit

= , captivate

= , act with
determination

=
, model, example

168

= ,
perseverance

= , recognition

= ,
basis

= ,
deal with, approach

=
aggressive

= ()
good health

= crisis,
quandary

= , goal

= , young
= , helpfully

= ,
psychology

=
encouragement

=
, face to face
= computer

= , about

=
mention
= , challenge

169

Advanced Lessons

= , miss

= except,

= , to he born

= ,
aim

=

,
battle array, plan

= , defeat

= open, frank

-1

.

Column (A)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
:

Column (B)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)

170

-2
.
.
1.
2.
3.
4.
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:
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.
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.

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.
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171

Advanced Lessons

3.
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4.
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-4

1) _______________________
.
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2) ____________________
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172

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173

Advanced Lessons

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174

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1.
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()
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175

Advanced Lessons

5. ?
6. ?

1.
2.
3.
4.
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176

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5.

177

Advanced Lessons

- 14.

!
,
.
, , ,

.

Lesson Introduction
Dear students, the chapter of ethics and values defines moral principles. There
are many volumes on moral principles in Tamil. Here some selected verses from
Aathichoodi, Kondraivaendan, Neethineri vilakkam and Thirukkural are dealt
with.

1. -
!

!

1.
2.

3.

4.

5.
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178

-


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179

Advanced Lessons

4.

.
-
-
.

5.

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.

.

2.
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!
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

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180

!
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, 91 .

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1.
2.
3.
4.
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181

Advanced Lessons

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182

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183

Advanced Lessons

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184

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185

Advanced Lessons

3. !

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.
4. !

- +
-

- .

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186

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1.

2.

3.

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+

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187

Advanced Lessons

.
.
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() . 133
1330
.

. 31

.
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.


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188

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189

Advanced Lessons

-
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190

3.
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.

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191

Advanced Lessons

-
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192

1.

2.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
3.

.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

________
________
_______
_____
_________

193

Advanced Lessons

:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
4.

.
1.
2.
3.
4.

1300 .

.
5. .
:

1300 .
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1.
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194

3.
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195

Advanced Lessons

- 15. ()

.
.

.

, , ,
.

.
.
.

Lesson Introduction
A Tamil writer, Thiruloka Sitaram translated the novel titled Siddharthan
written in German language by the German novelist Herman Hesse. The same title
Siddharthan was retained in Tamil also. The German novelist Herman Hesse was
awarded Nobel Prize for literature. Herman Hesses novel Siddharthan was a great
literary work of the twentieth century. The backdrop of this story happens to be a
period when Hinduism, Jainism and Buddhism flourished in the subcontinent of
India. We are aware of how prince Siddhartha of Kapilavastu became Buddha.
Siddhartha, the hero of this novel also leaves his home in search of enlightenment.
The story content of the first Chapter of this novel has been converted to a play
which is given here in the form of a lesson.

196

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2 . .

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197

Advanced Lessons

: ( )
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198

:
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(
.

.)

Translation in Tamil
Nobel Prize
In the period of
Novel
Clergyman
Charactors
Saints
Window
Walking accross

199

Advanced Lessons

1. .
, ,
, .
.

.
. .
:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

?
?
?
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:
1.
2.
3.
4.

.
.
.

.
5. .
2.
.

-
-

200

-
-
-

3. .
1.
2.
3.
4.

1.
2.
3.
4.

=
=
=
=

+
+

5. .
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

+
+
+
+
+

=
=
=
=
=

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

+
+
+
+
+

=
=
=
=
=

6. .
1. ?

201

Advanced Lessons

2.
?
3.
?
4. `! ?
?
5. `, ,
? , ,
?
:
1.
.
2. .
3. .
4. ?
5. .

202

- 16.

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Lesson Introduction
There are many siva temples in Tamilnadu. Lord Siva appears in the form of a
Linga in these temples. The devotees of Siva are called as Saivas and they follow the
Saiva religion. Nayanmars are the people who propagated and spread sivaism. There
were 63 Nayanmars. Their history has been written in Periyapuranam by Seykkizhaar.
This lesson is the history of one of the 63 Nayanmargal, ENAATHI NAATHAR.

.
,
1.

2.

3.

.
. .
.
.

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.

.

203

Advanced Lessons

.
.
.
.
.

.

.
. , .

.
. .

.

.
.

.
.
.

.
.
.
.
.

- , a symbol of
Siva.
- , one who worship

- , religion

- , one who
follows saivism
- , saiva saints

204

- , born

- , title

- , actual name

- , art of war

- , training to
the soldiers

- , work

- , poverty
sticken persons

- , harm
- ,
jealousy

- , to conquer

- , defeated
- , deceit plan

- , well planned

- , accepted

- , sacred ash
of the saivites
-
, shield

- , headlong attack

- , removed

- , brightly

205

Advanced Lessons

1.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

?
?
?
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:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

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1.
2.
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206

.

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207

Advanced Lessons

4. .
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5. ?
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2. .
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

3.
.

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.
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.
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208

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1.

2. 3. 4. 5.

4.
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209

Advanced Lessons

5. . ---- .
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)

5.
.
1.

--------------(/)

2.

----------- (/)
.
---------------(/)

3.

4.

------------ (/)

5.

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:
1.

2. .
3. .
4. .
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6.
.
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.

210

.
.

.
.
.

.
.
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.
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.
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.
.
.

7. .

x
x
x
x
x

x
x
x
x
x

211

Advanced Lessons

8. .
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

:
1.
2.
3.
4.

.
.
.

.
5.
.
9. .
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

.(/)
.(/)
.(/)
.(/)
.(/)

1.
3.
5.

2.
4.

212

- 17.

.
.
, , ,
. ,
, .

. -
.
,
.
, . .
.
. ,
.
, , ,

.
,
.
Lesson Introduction
Dear Students
Tamil is a language full of poetical beauty. For the past more than 2000 years
poems have been written in Tamil. In these poems, themes like valour, philosoply, etc.
are dealt with. From these songs we came to know about the ancient Tamil culture and
traditions. Even today many poems are writeen in the same style. The poems written in
the last one century are called: 20th century Tamil poems. Of these, the poems written
in the early part of the century are very much different from others and they are called
:Marumalarchi Kavithaigal.
This kind of poems followed the old form but dealt with modern themes like
science and society.

213

Advanced Lessons

Poets like Bharathiyar, Bharathidasan, Kannadasan, Pattukkotai Kalyanasundaram

are some of the well known poets of :Marumalarchi Kavithaigal.
In this lesson you will learn some of Marumalarchi Kavithaigal written by
Bharathidasan and Kannadasan.

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n
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214

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.

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215

Advanced Lessons

.
(, , )
, ,

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!
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1.
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216

1.
2.
3.
4.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1.
2.
3.
4.

2.
.
1. ---------------------n
n
n

2. --------------------n
n
n

3. ---------------------n
n
n

3.
.
1. ----------------------.
. , , .
. , , .

217

Advanced Lessons

2. ----------------------.
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. , , .
3. ----------------------.
. , ,
. , ,

1. , ,
2. , ,
3. , ,
4. , , ,
.
1. ?
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1. , ,
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2. , , , ,
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218

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n . ,

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n ,

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219

Advanced Lessons

! -

!

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!

! -
!

! -

!

!

!

! -
!

! -
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! -

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220

-

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1,00,00,000/- (1 Crore)

.
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. , ;
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.
.
,
. (Planets) . .

.
.

221

Advanced Lessons

.
.
.
.
.
. .
.
. , ,
. .
.

1 .
.
1.
2.
3.

1.
2.
3.

2.
.
.


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.
.

1.
2.
3.
4.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

222

1.
2.
3.
4.

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1.
2.
3.
4.

.
.
.
.

1.
2. .
3. .

---------------------------------------------1. .
2. .

2. .

2. ------------------------------------------

1. .
2. .

1. .

223

Advanced Lessons

3.--------------------------------------1. .
2. .

2. .
4. , , ,
.
1.
?

1. n .
, .
n .
n .
n ,
.
n .
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.

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Lesson Introduction
Dear Students!
Before you learn the lesson, Computer - An Introduction, listen to the introduction to this lesson and then read the lesson to have a better understanding.
This lesson tells you in a nutshell about computer memory, which is an important part of computer learning. The section Computer - an Introduction authored
by Dr.Ponnavaiko is given in the form of a lesson.
This section is extracted from the book, Computer and Communication - An
Introduction published by the Tamilnadu Textbook Society. The author Ponnavaiko
is an expert in the fields of engineering and computer studies in Tamil. He is a great
exponent of the Tamil language. He has authored several books in the field of computer technology in Tamil.

227

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Computer
Data
Input Unit
Memory
Cell
Direct access Memory
Bit
Save
Value
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Electron
Device
Central Processing Unit
Unit
Electric Power
Save
Volatile memory
Non-volatile memory
System
Byte
Memory Capacity
Number, Count
Estimate
Register
Retrieve
Input time
Access, Take
Access time
Main Memory
Read Only Memory-ROM
Cache Memory

229

Advanced Lessons

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