2013

Sri Sathya Sai Vidhya Vihar ,indore

Summer assignment

Subject Made by kaashvi dubey

Class

- 9b

gh [Type the company name] 1/1/2013

index
Question you would find..
Why is blood red? How do flies and other insects walk up walls, ceilings and even apparently smooth glass windows? It seems unlikely that they have adhesive feet--so how do they do it? Why do sunflowers face the sun? How Do Cancer Cells Differ From Normal Cells in the Body? Why Do Your Eyes Get Swollen After Crying Why Do Animals' Eyes Glow In The Dark? Why do plants have flowers? Why do all cells need ribosomes? why do all cells have a different shapes and sizes ?

One word answer

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Why is blood red?

Red Blood Cells: Riding on the Red Road Red blood cells perform the most important blood duty. A single drop of blood contains millions of red blood cells which are constantly traveling through your body delivering oxygen and removing waste. If they weren't, your body would slowly die. Red blood cells are red only because they contain a protein chemical called hemoglobin which is bright red in color. Hemoglobin contains the element Iron, making it an excellent vehicle for transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide. As blood passes through the lungs, oxygen molecules attach to the hemoglobin. As the blood passes through the body's tissue, the hemoglobin releases the oxygen to the cells. The empty hemoglobin molecules then bond with the tissue's carbon dioxide or other waste gases, transporting it away. Over time, the red blood cells get worn out and eventually die. The average life cycle of a red blood cell is 120 days. Your bones are continually producing new blood cells, replenishing your supply. The blood itself, however, is re-circulated throughout your body, not being remade all of the time. Since the human body is continually making more blood, it is safe for healthy adults to donate blood. The blood is then stored for use in emergency situations. Initially after giving blood, the donor may feel some momentary lightheadedness due to the loss of oxygen-rich red blood cells and blood sugar. The body quickly stabilizes itself.

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How do flies and other insects walk up walls, ceilings and even apparently smooth glass windows? It seems unlikely that they have adhesive feet--so how do they do it?

Robert C. Paul is a behavioral ecologist in the department of biology and physics at Kennesaw State University in Georgia. He responds: "Numerous insects, such as common houseflies, as well as certain amphibians and reptiles (tree frogs and geckos, for example), are able to walk on and cling to seemingly smooth surfaces--including glass doors and windows. "This trick is accomplished not by suction cups or adhesives but rather by a large number of tiny bristles or hairs on the bottom surface of the animals' feet. Scientists have produced scanning electron microscope images of these bristles. Surfaces that appear perfectly smooth to us actually have many microscopic bump and fissures, which serve as footholds for the tiny hairs." Richard D. Fell, associate professor in the department of entomology at Virginia Polytechnic and State University, adds some other details: "The segments, or tarsi, at the end of insect legs possess claw like structures that help the insect hold on to different types of surfaces. These tarsal claws are used to grip the tiny irregularities on rough surfaces. But in some cases, insects do make use of a kind of adhesion. If the surface is smooth, the insect can hold on using the adhesive action of hairs located on sticky pads (known as the arolia or pulvilli) on the tarsi. "Some insects, such as grasshoppers, have pads on each of their tarsal segments, and some insects may have special adhesive pads on other segments of the leg. The pads typically contain numerous hairs that secrete an oily substance that causes the tips of the hairs to adhere to the surface. This substance provides the traction and stickiness that allows insects to hold on to smooth surfaces, such as glass.

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Why do sunflowers face the sun?

Sunflowers demonstrate phototropism the ability to rotate their head so that the face of the head always faces the sun even though the angle of the sun's rays on the head constantly changes. The mechanism is called 'heliotropism' or suntracking. Studies have shown that this is accomplished by a hydraulic system in the stem. Water accumulates on the shady side of the stem, and as the pressure builds up, it forces the head in a steady arc toward the light. It does not damage the plant but provides enough force to move a large surface in a 180-degree arc. How Do Cancer Cells Differ From Normal Cells in the Body?
Cancer cells are different from normal body cells due to a cancer cell's deviance from normal cell reproduction. Normal cells know when to stop reproducing. A cancer cell will continue to multiply instead of dying. Eventually a tumor will develop as a result of the continual multiplying of cancer cells.
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Why Do Your Eyes Get Swollen After Crying When we cry, the fluid from the tears gets absorbed back into the tissue around our eyes (osmosis). This happens to a greater extent if the tears are because of something emotional. Emotional tears are less salty than our usual tears. The natural salt in the fluid already around our eyes basically 'attracts' the extra water into the tissue around the eyes. In addition to all that...we get an adrenaline rush when we experience strong emotions, like sadness or anger or anything else that can make somebody cry. The adrenaline itself causes blood rush to the skin -- it literally increases swelling. That's why you feel hot when you're angry, and flushed when distraught. All of your muscles, including the muscles around your eyes, are literally filling up with extra blood. This makes the eyes look swollen, too. The fastest way to get puffy eyes to un-swell is generally said to apply something cold; a cold ice pack, cold tea bags, cold cucumbers -- whatever you have handy.

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Why Do Animals' Eyes Glow In The Dark?

Some animal's eyes shine in the dark because of the presence of the tapetum lucidum* in the choroid layer (the middle layer) of the eye. This layer helps to reflect light, presumably allowing them to see better in the dark. This is why most animals which could be considered nocturnal have noticeably shinier eyes than, for example, humans, who do not have any evidence of the tapetum lucidum* in their choroid layer.

*Please note; I'm not entirely sure about the spelling of tapetum lucidum. It could be spelled tapetum lucidium, tapetum ludicium, or any other variant, so don't go strictly by this answer! Most dictionaries have just tapetum.

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Why do plants have flowers?

Flowers are the (sexual) reproductive organs of the plant, housing the male and female reproductive organs of the plant. Sometimes both male and female parts are house in the same flower, in other instances there are seperate male and female flowers on the same plant, and in other instances seprate male and female plants. The purpose of the flower is to attract polinators (insects, bats, animals etc.) to effect pollination - that is the movement of male pollen grains to the female sigma. Here the pollen grains germinate and eventually fuse with a female ovule which then develops into an embryo. The embryo then develops into a seed (above process is simplified!).

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Why do all cells need ribosomes?

All cells need ribosomes because that is where protein synthesis takes place. Proteins are required for enzymatic activity, cellular structures and functioning, metabolic activity, and are essential for life to occur. Even viruses, which are not considered living but organic molecules, are composed of proteins. Ribosomes are composed of ribosomal RNA and proteins. This RNA is synthesized and ribosome assembly takes place in the nucleolus of the nucleus in eukaryotes. Yes, all healthy animal cells contain ribosomes.

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why do all cells have a different shapes and sizes ?

All shapes and sizes Similarities and differences All cells are similar to each other because they all have the same basic structure inside. They all have a membrane that encloses the jelly-likecytoplasm and a nucleus that controls the cell. But apart from these similarities, cells can be very different from each other. There are more than 200 different shapes and sizes of cell in your body doing many different jobs. Here are a few examples:
Gland cells that make a hormone for your body or oil for your skin have ruffled surfaces so that they can pump out their product as quickly as possible.

Muscle cells are stretchy so they can squeeze and release and change their size and shape.

Sperm cells need to swim long distances so they have a wiggly tail to propel themselves.
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1. In termites, the cellulose of wood is digested by: Ans. Protozoans 2. A solution of chlorophyll pigments looks red in reflected light because of: Ans. Fluorescence 3. The life span of human red blood corpuscles is: Ans. 120 days 4. Deficiency diseases are due to deficiency of: Ans. Vitamins 5. The sugar present in Milk is: Ans. Lactose 6. The Hindustan antibiotics is situated at: Ans. Pimpri 7. Venous blood is carried oxygenation by the: Ans. Pulmonary arteries
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to

the

lungs

for

8. Puncture of the thoracic wall but not of the lung itself will cause: Ans. Collapse of the lung 9. Reflex action is controlled by: Ans. The spinal chord 10. The pH of blood is in the range: Ans. -7.3 to 7.5 11. Biopsy test is connected with the diagnosis of: Ans. Cancer 12. Medulla oblongata is a part of human in: Ans. Brain 13. Heart attack is due to: Ans. Cholesterol 14. Kwashiorkor is a disease caused due to the deficiency of: Ans. Proteins

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15. The acid present in tamarind is: Ans. Tartaric acid 16. The inner black surface of the Eye is called: Ans. Retina 17. Enzyme present in the Saliva is: Ans. Ptyalin 18. The Chemical name of Vitamin E is: Ans. Tocophero

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