15 TH Veterinary International Conference KRMIVA 2008 Programme and Summaries

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K R M I VA 2 0 0 8
XV ME\UNARODNO SAVJETOVANJE 15th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE
Pokrovitelji Savjetovanja Under the patronage
Ministarstvo poljoprivrede, ribarstva i ruralnog razvoja Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Rural Development Ministarstvo znanosti, obrazovanja i {porta Ministry of Science, Education and Sports
2.5. lipnja 2008. / June 25, 2008
Hotel Ambasador, Opatija Hrvatska / Croatia
Po{tovane dame i gospodo, S velikim zadovoljstvom kao po~asni gost prisustvujem 15. savjetovanju KRMIVA 2008. Na{a zemlja aktivno sudjeluje u ovom savjetovanju ve} 10 posljednjih godina, a to isti~em s posebnim ponosom. S izuzetnim zadovoljstvom odajem priznanje dugogodi{njoj uspje{noj suradnji izme|u na{eg Sveu~ili{ta u Brnu i Sveu~ili{ta u Zagrebu i Osijeku, koja je rezultirala brojnim znanstvenim i stru~nim radovima. Tako su i neka od istraìvanja, koja }e biti predstavljena na ovom savjetovanju nastala kao plod ove suradnje. Moja prisutnost ovdje nije samo u svojstvu po~asnog gosta. Ovom prilikom èlio bih i formalno poduprijeti suradnju izme|u znanstvenika i stru~njaka na{ih dviju zemalja. Zemlje srednje Europe dijele mnoge probleme u poljoprivrednoj proizvodnji, a ovo savjetovanje predstavlja jednu od mogu}nosti za iznalaènje rje{enja i razmjenu iskustava. @elim vam jo{ mnogo zna~ajnih godi{njica u ovom jedinstvenom okruènju plavog Kvarnerskog zaljeva i zelene U~ke, u predivnoj Opatiji. MINISTAR POLJOPRIVREDE REPUBLIKE Ê[KE Petr Gandalovi~
Ladies and gentlemen It is a great pleasure for me to attend the 15th KRMIVA Meeting 2008, in my position of an honorary guest. Our country has been an active participant of these meetings for the last 10 years and this I declare with great pride. I am particularly glad to acknowledge many years of successful collaboration between our University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Science, Brno, Czech Republic and University of Zagreb and University Josip Juraj Strossmayer in Osijek which has resulted in many research and scientific publications. Some of the research that will be presented at this meeting has resulted from this collaboration. My role here is not only that of the honorary guest. I would like to formally endorse the collaboration between scientists and experts from both our countries. Central Europe countries share many similar problems of production in the area agriculture and this meeting is one of the possibilities to search for solutions and exchange experiences. I wish you many important meetings in this unique scenery of blue Kvarner bay and green Ucka mountain range as well as gorgeous Opatija. MINISTER OF AGRICULTURE OF THE CZECH REPUBLIC Petr Gandalovi~
Po{tovane dame i gospodo, ~ast mi je i zadovoljstvo pozdraviti organizatore i sudionike 15. me|unarodnog savjetovanja Krmiva 2008 u ime Ministarstva poljoprivrede, ribarstva i ruralnog razvoja i u svoje osobno ime. Ministarstvo daje podr{ku ovom tradicionalnom znanstveno-stru~nom savjetovanju koje odre|ivanjem konkretnih tema pripomaè razvoju hrvatske poljoprivrede i proizvodnje hrane. @elim vam puno uspjeha u daljnjem radu na unaprje|enju kori{tenja znanstvenih spoznaja u na{u praksu. Dràvni tajnik mr. sc. Josip Kralji~kovi} Honoured, It is my pleasure to welcome organizers and participants of the 15. International Symposia Krmiva 2008 in the name of the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Rural Development and my own. The Ministry gives his full support to this traditional scientific-expert counselling which through concrete themes and ideas helps the development of Croatian agriculture and food processing. I wish you success in further work on improvement of scientific knowledge to our practice. State Secretary Josip Kralji~kovi}, M. Sc.
Po{tovane dame i gospodo, veliko mi je zadovoljstvo pozdraviti sudionike i organizatore 15. me|unarodnog savjetovanja KRMIVA 2008. u ime Ministarstva znanosti, obrazovanja i {porta Republike Hrvatske i u svoje osobno ime. Ovaj skup postao je ve} tradicionalna me|unarodna manifestacija za nutricioniste i proizvo|a~e sto~ne hrane ne samo u RH ve} i u {iroj regiji. O zna~aju savjetovanja KRMIVA govori i ~injenica da na ovogodi{njem skupu sudjeluju ~ak dvadeset i dva fakulteta i deset instituta iz devetnaest zemalja, kao i niz institucija i tvrtki koje se bave poljoprivrednom i sto~arskom proizvodnjom, a koje su tijekom proteklih godina razvile me|unarodnu mreù suradnje, {to je i svrha takvih konferencija. êstitam dobitnicima zahvalnica koji su svojim radom u proteklih petnaest godina pridonijeli stru~nom i znanstvenome razvoju poljoprivredne proizvodnje, kao i brizi o njenoj kvaliteti. Posebno mi je zadovoljstvo istaknuti dugogodi{nju podr{ku savjetovanju KRMIVA od strane Fakulteta za veterinarsku higijenu i ekologiju Veterinarskog i farmaceutskog Sveu~ili{ta u Brno iz ê{ke Republike, na ~emu im se u ime Vlade Republike Hrvatske i Ministarstva znanosti, obrazovanja i {porta najiskrenije zahvaljujem. Posebna va`nost savjetovanja KRMIVA vidi se i po tome {to je u proteklome razdoblju objavljeno ~ak vi{e od osamsto stru~nih i znanstvenih radova, koji su doprinijeli boljem razumijevanju ove problematike i povezali znanstvenike i gospodarstvenike iz razli~itih zemalja svijeta. Iz bibliografije ovogodi{njeg 15. me|unarodnog savjetovanja KRMIVA 2008. vidljivo je sudjelovanje velikog broja istaknutih stru~njaka iz Europe i svijeta, {to me kao znanstvenika izuzetno raduje jer potvr|uje da znanost ne poznaje dru{tvene i politi~ke granice. Na kraju, svim sudionicima savjetovanja KRMIVA 2008. èlim uspje{an rad, puno novih ideja i kontakata, te ugodan boravak u Lijepoj Na{oj.
Prof. dr. sc. Draèn Viki}-Topi} DR@AVNI TAJNIK ZA ZNANOST
Ladies and gentlemen, It is a great pleasure to greet the participants and organisers of the 15. International Symposia KRMIVA 2008. on behalf of the Ministry of Science, Education and Sports of The Republic of Croatia, and on my personal behalf. This Symposia has become a traditional international manifestation for forage producers and technologists, not only in Croatia, but in the wider region. The importance of KRMIVA is underlined by participation of twenty two faculties and ten institutes from twelve countries, as well as many institutions and companies from the animal foddering and forage technology sector, which have developed during the previous years an international network for cooperation, which is the primary goal of such Symposia. I wish to congratulate the awarded participants, whose work in the previous fifteen years has supported the technological and scientific development of agricultural production, as well as fostered a drive for quality within the sector. It is a special pleasure to cite the long-term support to the KRMIVA Symposia from the Faculty for Veterinary Hygene and Ecology of the Veterinary and Pharmaceutical University in Brno, Czech Republic, for which in the name of the Government of the Republic of Croatia and the Ministry of Science, Education and Sports, I extend my heartfelt gratitude. The special significance of KRMIVA can be seen from the more than eight hundred scientific and professional papers published in the previous period, which have enhanced our understanding of the underlying problems and connected scientists and businesses from diverse countries worldwide. From the bibliography of this years 15. International Symposia KRMIVA 2008, the presence of a large number of distinguished experts from Europe and the World is specially important to me, as a scientist, because it confirms that science does not recognize social or political boundaries. Finally, I wish succsessful work to all the participants of KRMIVA 2008, many new ideas and contacts, and a pleasant stay in Croatia.
Prof. dr. sc. Draèn Viki}-Topi} STATE SECRETARY FOR SCIENCE
Na petnaest savjetovanja (uklju~iv{i i ovogodi{nje, KRMIVA 2008) prikazana su 898 radova, od toga 593 pred auditorijem te 305 u poster sekciji. Autori radova su iz 27 dràva. Najsrda~nije se zahvaljujemo autorima radova, tvrtkama te institucijama koje su svojim sudjelovanjem i potporom doprinijeli kvaliteti savjetovanja. At fifteen conferences (including this one, KRMIVA 2008) 898 papers have been presented, 593 of them in front of the audience and 305 in the poster section. The authors of the papers came from 27 countries. We would like to express our deepest gratitude to the authors of the papers as well as to companies and institutions whose participation and support contributed to the quality of our conferences. Austrija, Belgija, Bosna i Hercegovina, Bugarska, ê{ka, Finska, Francuska, Hrvatska, Italija, Izrael, Kina, Ma|arska, Makedonija, Nizozemska, Norve{ka, Njema~ka, Poljska, Rusija, Slova~ka, Slovenija, Srbija, [panjolska, [vedska, [vicarska, Ukrajina, USA i Velika Britanija.
Posebno se zahvaljujemo znanstvenicima koji su od samog po~etka sudjelovali u organizaciji svih savjetovanja dav{i svojim velikim anga`manom zna~ajan doprinos uspjehu odrànih savjetovanja. Za velik su im trud i zalaganje kroz sve ove godine Znanstveni odbor savjetovanja i Krmiva d.o.o. Zagreb dodijelili zahvalnicu. We would particularly like to thank the scientists who participated in the organisation of all the conferences from the very beginning, and whose efforts greatly contributed to the success of the previous conferences. For their hard work and dedication Conference Scientific Board and Krmiva d.o.o. Zagreb have honoured them with certificates of merit.
AGRONOMSKI FAKULTET SVEUÎLI[TA U ZAGREBU, ZAGREB HRVATSKA Agronomski fakultet Sveu~ili{ta u Zagrebu je vode}a visokoobrazovna i znanstvena institucija iz podru~ja poljoprivrede i srodnih znanosti u Republici Hrvatskoj. Na fakultetu diplomiralo je, magistriralo i doktoriralo vi{e od 12.000 studenata u proteklih 88 godina. Danas su oni uspje{ni gospodarstvenici, proizvo|a~i, direktori, znanstvenici, profesori i ministri, i to ne samo u Hrvatskoj ve} i {irom svijeta. Najve}i potencijal su ljudski resursi s vi{e od 400 zaposlenika od kojih je ve}ina visokoobrazovanih, materijalna dobra suvremene predavaonice, kabineti, laboratoriji, poku{ali{ta, te ugodno breme ba{tinika tradicije. Dekan fakulteta je prof. dr. sc. Davor Romi}. The Faculty of Agriculture University in Zagreb is the leading high education and science institution in the field of agriculture and related sciences in the Republic of Croatia. During the past 88 years, more than 12,000 students have graduated and completed their postgraduate and doctoral studies at faculty. Today, they are successful businessmen, producers, directors, scientists, teachers and ministers, not only in Croatia, but all over the world. Greatest potential is human resources with more than 400 employees (most of whom have high education), material resources modern classrooms, studies, laboratories, experimental stations, and the pleasant burden of our tradition. Dean of faculty is Prof. dr. sc. Davor Romi}.
POLJOPRIVREDNI FAKULTET SVEUÎLI[TA J. J. STROSSMAYERA U OSIJEKU, OSIJEK HRVATSKA Poljoprivredni fakultet u Osijeku osnovan je 1960. godine i danas je najstariji i najve}i fakultet Sveu~ili{ta Josip Juraj Strossmayer. Na Fakultetu je zaposlen 191 djelatnik, od toga je 151 djelatnik uklju~en u znanstveno-nastavni proces. Sveu~ili{ni studiji izvode se kroz preddiplomski studij poljoprivrede s ~etiri smjera, pet diplomskih studija, poslijediplomski doktorski studij Poljoprivrednih znanosti s osam smjerova, te ~etiri poslijediplomska specijalisti~ka studija. Nastavni proces za ~etiri stru~na studija provodi se u Vinkovcima. Me|unarodna aktivnost Fakulteta ogleda se kroz 13 potpisanih bilateralnih ugovora s partnerima iz Europe i Azije, te kroz 15 razli~itih me|unarodnih projekata. Dekan fakulteta je prof. dr. sc. Vlado Guberac. Faculty of Agriculture in Osijek was founded in 1960. Today Faculty is the oldest and the biggest faculty of Josip Juraj Strossmayer University. Faculty has 191 employees, 151 of them are involved in teaching process. University studies are consisted of undergraduate study of agriculture with four courses, five graduate studies, postgraduate doctoral study Agricultural science with eight courses, and four postgraduate studies for university specialists. Four undergraduate professional studies are conducted in Vinkovci. Faculty has 13 bilateral agreements with the partners from Europe and Asia, and currently it is involved in 15 international projects. Dean is Prof. dr. sc. Vlado Guberac. VETERINARSKI FAKULTET SVEUÎLI[TA U ZAGREBU, ZAGREB HRVATSKA Veterinarski fakultet Sveu~ili{ta u Zagrebu osnovan je 1919. godine kao Veterinarska visoka {kola. U Veterinarski fakultet preimenovan je 7. prosinca 1924., kada i postaje sastavnicom Sveu~ili{ta u Zagrebu. Postoji intenzivna suradnja s me|unarodnim udrugama i organizacijama kao {to su Europska udruga visokih veterinarskih u~ili{ta (EAEVE), mreà veterinarskih fakulteta (VetNEST), i bilateralna i multilateralna suradnja s drugim fakultetima odnosno sveu~ili{tima. Osim obrazovanja i znanstvenih istraìvanja, Fakultet provodi aktivnosti i na brojnim drugim podru~jima: veterinarsko javno zdravstvo i za{tita okoli{a, klini~ka i terenska dijagnostika terapija i suzbijanje bolesti ìvotinja odnosno bolesti zajedni~kih ìvotinjama i ljudima, nadzor i stru~ne ekspertize u podru~ju veterinarske medicine odnosno uzgoja ìvotinja, istraìvanje i proizvodnja lijekova namijenjenih za{titi zdravlja ìvotinja, projektiranje i organizacija sto~arske prozivodnje, higijena i tehnologija u proizvodnji namirnica animalnog podrijetla. Dekan fakulteta je prof. dr. sc. Velimir Su{i}. The Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Zagreb was founded in 1919 as the High School of Veterinary Medicine. On December 7th 1924 it was reorganized into the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine to form an integral part of The University of Zagreb. Intensive development of international cooperation is expected, especially with the associations and organizations such as The European Association of Establishments for Veterinary Education (EAEVE), Veterinary Network of European Student and Staff Transfer (VetNEST), as well as with various faculties and universities on the bilateral and multilateral level. Besides education and research, The Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Zagreb carries out following activities: veterinary public health and environment protection, clinical and field diagnostics, therapy and the prevention of animal diseases and zoonoses, monitoring and professional expertises in the filed of veterinary medicine and livestock production, research and the production of medicaments for the treatment of animals, taking part in organization of veterinary service and livestock production, hygiene and technology in food production. Dean is Prof. dr. sc. Velimir Su{i}.
BIOTEHNI[KA FAKULTETA UNIVERZE V LJUBLJANI, LJUBLJANA SLOVENIJA Biotehni~ki fakultet osnovan je 1947. godine. îni ga sedam odsjeka: agronomija, biologija, {umarstvo, pejza`na arhitektura, drvna tehnologija, sto~arstvo i prehrambeni odsjek. Aktivnosti Fakulteta na polju istraìvanja i savjetodavnih usluga vrlo su zna~ajne za razvoj biotehnologije i transfer znanja u praksu. Istraìva~ka djelatnost uklju~uje botaniku, genetiku, mikrobiologiju, biotehnologiju, znanost o biljkama i tlu, sto~arstvo, uklju~uju}i prakti~na istraìvanja na polju uzgoja i tehnologije, istraìvanja tla od njegove organizacije do iskori{tenja, klasifikacije i vrednovanja, prostorno i krajobrazno planiranje, krajobraznu arhitekturu, ekologiju urbanog pejzaà, management, marketing i poljoprivrednu politiku. Na podru~ju {umarstva prou~avaju se {ume kao takve, {ume kao predmet za{tite i ekonomskog iskori{tavanja, te {ume kao dio na{eg okoli{a. Prodekan fakulteta je prof. dr. sc. Dragomir Kompan. The Biotechnical Faculty was established in 1947. The Faculty is organised into seven departments: agronomy, biology, forestry, landscape architecture, wood science, animal science, and food science. The Facultys research and advisory services are very important to biotechnical development and the transfer of knowledge into practice. The Facultys research encompasses botanics; genetics; microbiology; biotechnology; soil and plant science, animal science including practical oriented research in animal rearing and technological processes; research into agricultural land from its organisation to soil use, classification and evaluation, landscape and spatial planning, landscape architecture, ecology of urban landscapes, management, marketing and agricultural policy; and in forestry, from the study of forests, to forests as subject of protection and as an economic resource, and as part of our environment. Vice dean is Prof. dr. sc. Dragomir Kompan. FACULTY OF ANIMAL SCIENCE UNIVERSITY OF KAPOSVAR, KAPOSVAR MA\ARSKA Sto~arski fakultet omogu}uje stjecanje zvanja prvostupnika (BSc) na podru~ju sto~arstva, agronomije, ratarstva i za{tite okoli{a, zatim zvanja magistra (MSc) na podru~ju sto~arstva, hranidbe ìvotinja, te sigurnosti hrane i zvanja doktora znanosti (PhD) na podru~ju sto~arstva. Cilj istraìva~kih programa koje provodi Sto~arski fakultete je pridruìti se europskom krugu istraìva~a na podru~ju fiziologije ìvotinja, biotehnologije, uzgoja doma}ih ìvotinja, uzgoja ku}nih ljubimaca, hranidbe ìvotinja, proizvodnje i kori{tenja krmnog bilja, ratarstva, veterinarskih znanosti i ekologije, o~uvanja prirode, uzgoja divlja~i i klasifikacije poljoprivrednih proizvoda. Dekan Sto~arskog fakulteta je prof. dr. sc. Istvan Hollo. The faculty offers BSc degrees in Animal production engineer, Agricultural engineer, Plant production engineer and Nature protection engineer; MSc programs in Animal production and in Animal nutrition and feed safety and PhD degree in Animal Science. The aim of the faculty research programs is to join in the European dimensions of research in animal physiology, biotechnology, farm animal breeding, companion animal preeding, animal nutrition, feed crops production and feeding, plant breeding, veterinary- and environmental studies, nature protection, wild animal farming and the classification of agricultural products. Dean is Prof. dr. sc. Istvan Hollo
FACULTY OF BIOLOGY AND ANIMAL SCIENCE OF WROCLAW UNIVERSITY OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND LIFE SCIENCES, WROCLAW POLJSKA U velja~i 1950. godine pri Sveu~ili{tu i politehnici u Wroclavu ustanovljen je Institut za sto~arstvo. Sto~arski fakultet osnovan je 1951. kao jedan od ~etiri fakulteta u sklopu Visoke {kole za poljoprivredu u Wroclavu. Visoka {kola za poljoprivredu je 1972. godine preimenovana u Poljoprivredno sveu~ili{te, a 2006. u Sveu~ili{te ekolo{kih i biomedicinskih znanosti Wroclav. Od samog po~etka aktivnosti Sto~arskog fakulteta usmjerene su na razvoj disciplina vezanih uz uzgoj i drànje ìvotinja, uklju~uju}i fiziologiju, anatomiju, genetiku i ostale temeljne grane. Danas je popis disciplina kojima se Sto~arski fakultet bavi puno duì, a Fakultet zauzima vode}e mjesto u akademskoj zajednici na polju nastave i istraìva~kih programa. Sto~arski fakultet je 1. sije~nja 1998. promijenio ime u Fakultet biologije i sto~arstva. Dekan Fakulteta je prof. dr. sc. Witold Janeczek. In February, 1950 the Institute of Animal Husbandry was established at the University and Polytechnic of Wroclaw. The Faculty of Animal Science was founded in 1951 as one of four faculties at the Higher School of Agriculture, Wroclaw. In 1972 the Higher School of Agriculture was renamed to Agricultural University and in 2006 to the Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences. From the beginning the activity of Faculty of Animal Science focused on the wide development of disciplines connected with animal breeding and husbandry, including physiology, anatomy, genetics and other basic subjects. Today, the list of disciplines the Faculty is involved in is much longer, and both the teaching and the research programs hold leading positions in academic ranking. On January 1, 1998 the name of Faculty was changed to the Faculty of Biology and Animal Science. Dean is Prof. dr. sc. Witold Janeczek. FACULTY OF VETERINARY HYGIENE AND ECOLOGY OF UNIVERSITY OF VETERINARY AND PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES BRNO, BRNO Ê[KA Sveu~ili{te veterinarskih i farmaceutskih znanosti u Brnu osnovano je 1918. godine. Danas se ovo Sveu~ili{te sastoji od tri fakulteta: Fakulteta veterinarske medicine, Fakulteta veterinarske higijene i ekologije, te Farmaceutskog fakulteta. Danas na Sveu~ili{tu studira 2600 studenata i ovo Sveu~ili{te je jedino u ê{koj Republici koje pruà obrazovanje na podru~ju veterine i jedno od dva koje obrazuje farmaceute. Pored toga, Sveu~ili{te za studente iz cijele Europe provodi nastavu iz podru~ja veterinarske medicine na engleskom jeziku. Aktivnosti Sveu~ili{ta uklju~uju pruànje veterinarske njege oboljelih pasa, ma~aka, malih ìvotinja, egzoti~nih ìvotinja, goveda, ovaca, koza, svinja, peradi, itd., te tako veterinarski obradi na desetke tisu}a pacijenata godi{nje. U sklopu Sveu~ili{ta djeluje i sveu~ili{na ljekarna koja pruà farmaceutske usluge javnosti. Od 2006. godine rektor Sveu~ili{ta je Prof. MVDr. Vladimr Ve~erek, CSc. University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno was founded in 1918. Nowadays it is university consisted of three faculties, namely Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology and Faculty of Pharmacy. Nowadays there are 2600 students at the university and the university is only one providing veterinary education and one of the two providing pharmaceutical education in the Czech Republic. Furthermore the university provides education in English for foreign students from whole Europe in the field of Veterinary medicine. The university activities include providing veterinary care in cases of diseases of dogs, cats, small animals, exotic animals, cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, poultry etc. so it treats veterenarily tens of thousands patients per year. Within the university, there is also operated the university pharmacy, which provides pharmaceutical services for the public. Since 2006, the rector of the university is Prof. MVDr. Vladimr Ve~erek, CSc.
Prof. dr. sc. dr. h. c. GORDANA KRALIK, HRVATSKA Ro|ena je 1943. godine u Kneèvu. Diplomirala je agronomiju, smjer sto~arstvo na Poljoprivrednom fakultetu u Osijeku 1965. Magistrirala je biotehni~ke znanosti polje agronomija, grana sto~arstvo 1974. godine. Doktorirala je tehni~ke znanosti (kemija i tehnologija namirnica) 1976. godine i biotehni~ke znanosti (agronomija, sto~arstvo) 1985. godine. Redoviti je profesor na Poljoprivrednom fakultetu u Osijeku. Po~asni je doktor znanosti na Panonskom agronomskom sveu~ili{tu u Kesthelyu od 1999. godine. Kao autor ili koautor objavila je do sada oko 350 bibliografskih jedinica. Od 1998. godine obna{a funkciju rektora Sveu~ili{ta J.J. Strossmayera u Osijeku. Od 1993. godine redovito sudjeluje svojim radovima na savjetovanjima KRMIVA te je vi{egodi{nja predsjednica Znanstvenog odbora savjetovanja. Born in Kneèvo 1943. She graduated from the Faculty of Agriculture in Osijek in 1965 in Agronomy, scientific field Animal Science. In 1974 she obtained Master of Science Degree in Biotechnical Sciences, Agronomy, Animal Science. She obtained PhD (in Food Chemistry and Technology) in 1976 from the Faculty of Food Technology in Zagreb and another PhD in 1985 in Biotechnical Sciences (Agronomy) from the Faculty of Agriculture in Osijek. She is promoted to full professor in tenure in 1997 at the Faculty of Agriculture in Osijek. In 1999 she was conferred a title Doctor Honoris Causa from the Pannonia University of Agronomy in Keszthely, Hungary. As author or co-author she has published about 350 papers. Since 1998 she is rector of Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek. Since 1993 participating with scientific papers on KRMIVA conferences. She is the Head of Conference scientific board for many years. Prof. dr. sc. VLASTA [ERMAN, HRVATSKA Ro|ena je 1941. godine u Bjelovaru. Diplomirala je na Veterinarskom fakultetu Sveu~ili{ta u Zagrebu 1965. godine. 1986. godine izabrana je za redovnog profesora na Veterinarskom fakultetu u Zagrebu. 1999. godine izabrana je u trajno zvanje redoviti profesor. Voditelj i sudionik te~ajeva u edukaciji veterinara na terenu, predaje redovitim studentima te studentima poslijediplomskih i doktorskih studija. Kao autor ili koautor objavila je do sada ukupno 150 bibliografske jedinica. Suradnik je u knjizi Rje~nik medicinskog nazivlja HAZU i Stru~ni abecedarij Hrvatske enciklopedije. Vodila je niz projekata Ministarstva znanosti, bila predstojnica Zavoda za hranidbu od 1989. do 2006. g. ^lan je Mati~nog povjerenstva za podru~je biomedicine i zdravstva pri Sveu~ili{tu u Zagrebu. Urednica je ~asopisa Krmiva, ~lan programskog odbora me|unarodnih savjetovanja (KrmivaOpatija, Kabrtovi dani Brno, Europski bujatri~ki kongres i sl.) i predsjednica povjerenstva za Hrvatsku kvalitetu sto~ne hrane HGK. Od 1995. godine svojim radovima redovito sudjeluje na savjetovanju KRMIVA. Born 1941 in Bjelovar. Graduated from the Faculty of veterinary medicine, University of Zagreb in 1965. In 1986 became full professor at the Faculty of veterinary medicine Zagreb. She has been the leader and participant of field courses for the education of veterinarians, lecturing in undergraduate and post graduate courses. As author or co-author she has published over 150 papers. She has collaborated in the book Dictionary of Medical Terminology of the Croatian Academy of Science and Arts and Professional Alphabetical List of the Croatian Encyclopedia. Member of the Commission for biomedicine and health at the University of Zagreb. She is editor of the journal Krmiva (Animal feed). She is also a member of the program committee of international conferences (Krmiva Animal feed, in Opatija, Kabrtovi dani Kabrt-s day, in Brno, Czech Republic, European Buiatric Congress, etc), and is also chairperson of the Committee for the quality of animal feed with the Croatian Chamber of Economy. Since 1995 participating with scientific papers on KRMIVA conferences.
Prof. dr. sc. ZDENKO STEINER, HRVATSKA Ro|en je 1942. godine u Osijeku. Diplomirao je 1965. godine, magistrirao 1971. godine, a doktorirao 1981. godine na Poljoprivrednom fakultetu u Osijeku. Redoviti je profesor na predmetu Hranidba doma}ih ìvotinja na Poljoprivrednom fakultetu u Osijeku. Specijalizacije zavr{io u Njema~koj i Norve{koj. Kao autor ili koautor objavio je vi{e od 60 relevantnih bibliografskih jedinica. Od 1993. godine redovito sudjeluje svojim radovima i kao ~lan Znanstvenog odbora na savjetovanjima KRMIVA. Born 1942 in Osijek. Graduated 1965 from the Faculty of Agriculture in Osijek, he obtained Master of Science Degree 1971 and PhD 1981. Full professor of the course Feeding of domestic animals at the Faculty of Agriculture in Osijek. He finished specialization in Germany and Norway. As author or co-author he has published more than 60 relevant papers. Since 1993 participating with scientific papers and as a member of Conference scientific board on KRMIVA conferences. Prof. dr. sc. STJEPAN MU@IC, HRVATSKA Ro|en je 1949. godine u Podoto~ju Donjem kod Velike Gorice. Diplomirao je na Agronomskom Fakultetu Sveu~ili{ta u Zagrebu 1973., magistrirao 1979. a doktorirao 1990. godine na istom fakultetu. Od 1974. godine radi na Agronomskom Fakultetu u Zagrebu a trenutno je predstojnik Zavoda za hranidbu doma}ih ìvotinja. Odgojio je brojne studente koji su diplomirali sto~arstvo na Agronomskom fakultetu, bio je voditelj nekoliko magistarskih i doktorskih radnji a trenutno je koordinator triju modula i suradnik na pet u okviru preddiplomskog i diplomskog studija Agronomskog fakulteta u Zagrebu. Tijekom tri desetlje}a rada u struci i znanosti iz podru~ja uzgoja i hranidbe peradi i kuni}a objavio je preko 50 stru~nih i 40 znanstvenih radova te sudjelovao na desetak me|unarodnih i tridesetak doma}ih znanstvenih skupova. U isto vrijeme prof. Muìc je vodio i sudjelovao u izradi desetak znanstvenih i tehnolo{kih projekata te sura|ivao i sura|uje s subjektima iz peradarske proizvodnje i proizvodnje sto~ne hrane. Od 1993. godine redovito sudjeluje svojim radovima i kao ~lan Znanstvenog odbora na savjetovanjima KRMIVA. Born 1949 in Podoto~je Donje. He graduated from Faculty of Agriculture University of Zagreb in 1973. In year 1979 he won masters degree and in 1990 doctors degree. Since 1974 he worked at Faculty of Agriculture in Zagreb, and he is now a head of Department of Animal Nutrition. He raised many Bsc students graduating in animal science at Faculty of Agriculture, and he was mentor of some MS and PhD students. Prof. Muìc is momentary coordinator of 3 modules of graduate and postgraduate studies. During 30 years of professional and scientific work prof. Muìc has been published over 50 professional and 30 scientific papers on poultry and rabbit production and nutrition. In the same time he attended on over 10 international and 30 home scientific congresses. He also conducted and worked on over 10 scientific and technological projects, and had widely cooperation with subjects of poultry and animal feed production. Since 1993 participating with scientific papers and as a member of Conference scientific board on KRMIVA conferences.
Prof. dr hab., dr h.c., dr h.c. DOROTA JAMROZ, POLJSKA
Cijeli radni vijek kao profesor dr hab., dr h.c., dr h.c. vezan je za Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences (nekada Agricultural University) gdje je doktorirala 1967., a 1975. stekla sve uvjete za habilitaciju. 1983. godine postala je izvanredni profesor, a 1991. godine redovni profesor. 18 godina predstojnica je Zavoda za hranidbu ìvotinja i kakvo}u hrane. 2006. godine postala je po~asni doktor Poljoprivrednog fakulteta u Lublinu, a 2007. godine Poljoprivrednog fakulteta u Poznanju. Kao autor ili koautor objavila je do sada preko 560 bibliografskih jedinica. Od 1995. godine redovito sudjeluje svojim radovima i kao ~lan Znanstvenog odbora na savjetovanjima KRMIVA. The whole period of the professional activity of professor doctor hab., doctor h.c., doctor h.c. Dorota Jamroz is connected with the Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences (formerly the Agricultural University), where she got the title of doctor (in 1967), and in 1975 she completed all requirements for the habilitation then in 1983 she was honoured with the title of extraordinary professor and in 1991 with the title of ordinary professor. For 18 years she is the Head of the Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Quality of the above University.In 2006 she has been honoured with the title of doctor honoris causa of Agricultural University of Lublin and in 2007 with the title of doctor honoris causa of Ag . As author or co-author she has published ricultural University of Poznan over 560 papers. Since 1995 participating with scientific papers and as a member of Conference scientific board on KRMIVA conferences.
Prof. dr. sc. LASZLO BABINSZKY, MA\ARSKA Doktorirao 1977. na Agricultural University Keszthely, Agricultural Faculty in Mosonmagyarvr (Ma|arska). Od 1992. godine sveu~ili{ni je profesor na Faculty of Animal Science of the Kaposvr University. Otad je i predstojnik Zavoda za hranidbu ìvotinja na istom fakultetu. 2007. godine postaje rektor na Kaposvr University. Izdao je vi{e od 200 bibliografskih jedinica na ma|arskom, engleskom i njema~kom jeziku. Od 1994. godine redovito sudjeluje svojim radovima i kao ~lan Znanstvenog odbora na savjetovanjima KRMIVA. 1977 Doctoral degree at Agricultural University Keszthely, Agricultural Faculty in Mosonmagyarvr (Hungary). Since 1992 university prof. at the Faculty of Animal Sci. of the Kaposvr University (Hungary). Since 1992 Head of Dept. of Animal Nutrition of the Kaposvr Univ. Since 2007 Rector at Kaposvr University. Published more than 200 papers. Since 1994 participating with scientific papers and as a member of Conference scientific board on KRMIVA conferences.
Prof. dr. sc. PAVEL SUCHY, Ê[KA Ro|en 1950. u Brnu, ê{ka republika. Diplomirao i doktorirao u Brnu. Redovni je profesor na Fakultetu veterinarske higijene i ekologije Veterinarskog i farmaceutskog sveu~ili{ta u Brnu. Od 2004. godine prorektor Veterinarskog i farmaceutskog sveu~ili{ta u Brnu za razvoj i izgradnju sveu~ili{ta, kontakt s praksom. Izdao je vi{e od 400 znanstvenih i stru~nih radova. ^lan je vi{e strukovnih organizacija. Redovito sudjeluje kao autor i koautor te kao ~lan Znanstvenog odbora na savjetovanjima KRMIVA. Born 1950 in Brno, Czech Republic. Graduated from University of Agriculture in Brno, the field of zootechnology. He obtained PhD at the same University. Professor in the field of Animal Nutrition and Dietetics. Since 2004 Vice-Chancellor for the development and planning of the University, contact with practice. Published more than 400 scientific paperworks. Member of many technical boards. Participating with scientific papers as author and co-author and member of Conference scientific board on KRMIVA conferences. MARTIN JURINEC, dipl. ing., HRVATSKA Ro|en je u Podsusedu 1945. 1969. godine diplomira na Poljoprivrednom fakultetu u Zagrebu na sto~arskom odjelu. Od 1975. do 2006. godine radi u tvornici Dubravica d.d. Prvi je predsjednik Grupacije industrije sto~ne hrane Hrvatske. Dobitnik je zahvalnice HGK Grupacija sto~ne hrane za zna~ajni doprinos u organizaciji me|unarodnih savjetovanja KRMIVA. Born in Podsused 1945. He graduated from Faculty of Agriculture 1969. From 1975 till 2006 he worked in company Dubravica d.d. He was first chairman of Croatian Feed Milling Association. He was awarded a special thanks for his contribution in organizing of international conference KRMIVA by Croatian Chamber of Commerce Croatian Feed Milling Association. FRANJO IVANKOVI], dipl. ing., HRVATSKA Ro|en 1939. godine u Osijeku, zavr{io gimnaziju, diplomirao na Poljoprivrednom fakultetu u Osijeku, smjer sto~arstvo, 1965. godine. Radio kao tehnolog, a zatim kao direktor u TSH Osje~anka. Koautor je patentiranog proizvoda [KROBAMID 20 za hranidbu preìva~a. Radio je na stru~nim elaboratima i u istraìva~kom i znanstvenom radu kao koautor i autor. Dugogodi{nji je predsjednik Grupacije industrije sto~ne hrane Hrvatske. Born 1939 in Osijek, finished secondary school and graduated cattle breeding from Faculty of Agriculture Osijek in 1965. He worked as a technologist and as director of the factory TSH Osje~anka. He is co-author of SKROBAMID 20, a patented product for feeding ruminants. He worked in the research and scientific field as co-author and author. He was the president of Croatian feed milling association for many years.
ZORISLAV WEIGAND, HRVATSKA Ro|en je 1939. godine u Zagrebu, gdje je zavr{io {kolovanje. Cijeli radni vijek radio je u poduze}u Krmiva d.o.o. Zagreb. 1992. godine izabran je za tajnika Grupacije industrije sto~ne hrane Hrvatske. Kao tajnik Grupacije, uz ostale du`nosti, organizirao je me|unarodna savjetovanja KRMIVA od osnutka Savjetovanja, vi{e studijskih putovanja, nekoliko vi{etjednih specijalisti~kih boravaka u SAD-u mladim stru~njacima s hrvatskih fakulteta i tvornica sto~ne hrane u suradnji s Ministarstvom poljoprivrede SAD-a i zakladom Cochran Fellowship Program. Born 1939 in Zagreb, where he finished his education. All his working life spent in Krmiva Zagreb. From 1992 he was appointed SecretaryGeneral of the Croatian Feed Milling Association, where he was, among other duties, charged with the tasks of organizing KRMIVA international conference series from its early beginning, organizing and participating in numerous study tours, organizing specialist trainings for young experts from Croatian universities and feed mills in the USA lasting several weeks, in cooperation with United States Department of Agriculture and Cochran Fellowship Program. SLAVKO LULI], dipl. ing., HRVATSKA Ro|en 1941. u Brodskom Varo{u kraj Slavonskog Broda. Diplomirao na Agronomskom fakultetu u Zagrebu 1963. Po~eo raditi u PIK-u Belje pustara Jasenovac. Radio u Krmi TSH Vinkovci kao tehnolog i nutricionist, kada je zapo~eo suradnju sa znano{}u, te je sura|ivao sa Agronomskim fakultetom iz Zagreba, Centrom za peradarstvo Zagreb, Poljoprivrednim fakultetom u Osijeku i Veterinarskim zavodom Vinkovci. Cijeli radni vijek usko je povezivao praksu sa znano{}u. Organizirao je prvo stru~no savjetovanje o mikotoksinima u Vinkovcima 1974. godine. Od 1983. radi u Krmivima Zagreb. Jedan je od osniva~a me|unarodnog savjetovanja KRMIVA. Od tada stalno sudjeluje u organiziranju studijskih putovanja u inozemstvo i savjetovanja KRMIVA u Opatiji. Sudjeluje kao koautor u stru~nim radovima koji su izdavani u stru~nim ~asopisima. Radio je na izradi Pravilnika o kakvo}i sto~ne hrane. ^lan je programskog odbora me|unarodnog savjetovanja Kabrtovi dani Brno, ê{ka. Suosniva~ je Udruge proizvo|a~a, tehnologa i nutricionista sto~ne hrane Hrvatske. Born 1941 in Brodski Varo{ near Slavonski Brod. Graduated 1963 on Faculty of Agriculture, Zagreb. Started his professional career in PIK Belje pustara Jasenovac. Worked in Krma TSH Vinkovci as a technologist and nutritionist. Since than he has been involved in science, collaborating with Faculty of Agriculture, Zagreb, Poultry Center, Zagreb, Faculty of Agriculture, Osijek and Veterinarski zavod Vinkovci. Throughout his whole career he was linking practice with science. He organized the first expert conference on mycotoxins in Vinkovci in 1974. Since 1983 employed in Krmiva, Zagreb. He is one of initiators of international symposium Krmiva. From that time he has constantly organized study trips and Krmiva symposium in Opatija. As a coauthor he published a number of papers published in professional journals. He participated in formulation of Croatian feed regulation. He is a member of Program Committee of Kabrtovi Dani international symposium, Brno, Czech Republic. He is one of co-founders of Croatian feed producers, technologists and nutritionists association.
SAVJETOVANJE JE PRIRE\ENO U SURADNJI SA: CONFERENCE PREPARED IN COORDINATION WITH:

Ministarstvom poljoprivrede, ribarstva i ruralnog razvoja Republike Hrvatske Ministarstvom znanosti, obrazovanja i {porta Republike Hrvatske Hrvatskom gospodarskom komorom Hrvatskim agronomskim dru{tvom, Zagreb Agronomskim fakultetom, Zagreb Poljoprivrednim fakultetom, Osijek Veterinarskim fakultetom, Zagreb Biotehni{kom fakultetom, Domàle Slovenija University of Kaposvar, Kaposvar Ma|arska Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw Poljska University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno ê{ka Poljoprivredno-prehrambenim fakultetom, Sarajevo Bosna i Hercegovina Poljoprivrednim fakultetom, Skopje Makedonija Veterinarskim fakultetom, Sarajevo Bosna i Hercegovina Fakultetom za kmetijstvo, Maribor Slovenija Univerzita veterinarskeho lekarstva, Ko{ice Slova~ka Farmaceutsko-biokemijskim fakultetom, Zagreb Udrugom proizvo|a~a, tehnologa i nutricionista sto~ne hrane Hrvatske
ZNANSTVENI ODBOR SAVJETOVANJA: CONFERENCE SCIENTIFIC BOARD:

Prof. dr. sc. Gordana Kralik, rektorica Sveu~ili{ta Josipa Jurja Strossmayera u Osijeku Prof. dr. sc. Laszlo Babinszky, rektor University of Kaposvar, Kaposvar Ma|arska Prof. dr. sc. Vladimir Ve~erek, rektor Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, Brno ê{ka Prof. dr. sc. Davor Romi}, dekan Agronomskog fakulteta, Zagreb Prof. dr. sc. Vlado Guberac, dekan Poljoprivrednog fakulteta, Osijek Prof. dr. sc. Velimir Su{i}, dekan Veterinarskog fakulteta, Zagreb Prof. dr. sc. Mirsad Kurtovi}, dekan Poljoprivredno-prehrambenog fakulteta, Sarajevo Bosna i Hercegovina Prof. dr. sc. Almedina Zuko, dekanica Veterinarskog fakulteta, Sarajevo Bosna i Hercegovina Prof. dr. sc. Stjepan Muìc, predstojnik Zavoda za hranidbu doma}ih ìvotinja Agronomskog fakulteta, Zagreb Prof. dr. sc. @eljko Mikulec, predstojnik Zavoda za hranidbu Veterinarskog fakulteta, Zagreb Prof. dr. sc. Vlasta [erman, Zavod za hranidbu Veterinarski fakultet, Zagreb Prof. dr. sc. Zdenko Steiner, predstojnik Zavoda za sto~arstvo Poljoprivrednog fakulteta, Osijek Prof. dr. sc. Tajana Kri~ka, Zavod za poljoprivrednu tehnologiju, skladi{tenje i transport Agr. fakulteta, Zagreb Prof. dr. sc. Stjepan Pepeljnjak, Zavod za mikrobiologiju, Farmaceutsko-biokemijski fakultet, Zagreb Prof. dr. sc. Eva Strakova, predstojnica Zavoda University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno ê{ka Prof. dr. sc. Pavel Suchy, prorektor University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno ê{ka Prof. dr. sc. Janez Salobir, predstojnik Katedre za prehrano, Biotehni{ka fakulteta, Domàle Slovenija Prof. dr. sc. Salko Muratovi}, predstojnik Zavoda za zootehniku Poljoprivrednog fakulteta, Sarajevo Bosna i Hercegovina Prof. dr. sc. Dorota Jamroz, predst. Zavoda za hranidbu, Wroclaw Univer. of Environ. and Life Sciences, Wroclaw Poljska Prof. dr. sc. Darko Grbe{a, Agronomski fakultet, Zagreb Prof. dr. sc. Stjepan Pliesti}, Agronomski fakultet, Mostar Bosna i Hercegovina Prof. dr. sc. Ivan Bogut, Poljoprivredni fakultet, Osijek Prof. dr. sc. Davor Kralik, Poljoprivredni fakultet, Osijek Prof. dr. sc. Sre}ko Gjorgjievski, Poljoprivredni fakultet, Skopje Makedonija Doc. dr. sc. Zlatko Janje~i}, Agronomski fakultet, Zagreb Prof. dr. sc. Nora Mas, Veterinarski fakultet, Zagreb Doc. dr. sc. Jasna Pintar, Agronomski fakultet, Zagreb Prof. dr. sc. Csaba Szabo, University of Kaposvar, Kaposvar Ma|arska Dr. sc. Ivan Kosalec, Zavod za mikrobiologiju, Farmaceutsko-biokemijski fakultet, Zagreb Dr. sc. Goce Cilev, Institut za sto~arstvo, Skopje Makedonija Prof. dr. sc. Vladimir Vajda, Univerzita veterinarskeho lekarstva, Ko{ice Slova~ka Dr. sc. Veseljko Kara~i}
ORGANIZACIJSKI ODBOR SAVJETOVANJA: CONFERENCE ORGANISATION BOARD:

Mr. sc. Josip Kralji~kovi}, dràvni tajnik Ministarstva poljoprivrede, ribarstva i ruralnog razvoja Republike Hrvatske Prof. dr. sc. Draèn Viki}-Topi}, dràvni tajnik Ministarstva znanosti, obrazovanja i {porta Republike Hrvatske Dr. sc. Ivan Jakopovi}, savjetnik Ministarstva poljoprivrede, ribarstva i ruralnog razvoja Republike Hrvatske Mr. sc. Zdenka ûhnil, saborska zastupnica za ~e{ku i slova~ku manjinu Ivan Marohni}, dipl. ing., Hrvatsko agronomsko dru{tvo, Zagreb Du{an Alebi}, dipl. ing., direktor PP Orahovica, Orahovica Mr. sc. Josip Mari~i}, PP Orahovica, Orahovica Ivan Dozet, dipl. ing., direktor Klas, Nova Gradi{ka Mr. sc. Boìca Grdan, ~lan Uprave za proizvodnju i tehnologiju, Agroprerada d.d., Ivani} Grad @eljko Blaòk, dipl. ecc., direktor Natura Agro d.o.o., \ur|evac Mr. sc. Tomica Beli}, predsjednik Uprave TSH âkovec d.d., âkovec Drago Ku{i}, direktor Ku{i}-promet, Donje Psarjevo Branko Stuburi}, dipl. ing., direktor tehn. operacija Veterina d.o.o., Kalinovica Tomislav Tonkovi}, dipl.ing., direktor Poljoprerada TSH, Hrvatski Leskovac Ivan Biuklija, dipl. ing., glavni tehnolog TSH Valpovka, Valpovo Dr. sc. Veseljko Kara~i}, direktor TSH Koprivnica Marijan Molnar, dipl.ing., direktor PC TSH, Darda Dinko Pali{evac, dipl.ing., direktor TSH Tovka, \akovo Marko Vu~i}evi}, dipl.ing., Kunis d.d. Bo{njaci Slavko Luli}, dipl. ing., direktor Krmiva d.o.o., Zagreb
PROGRAM ME\UNARODNOG SAVJETOVANJA PROGRAM OF INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE PONEDJELJAK, 02. lipnja 2008. Monday, June 02, 2008 15:00 Registracija sudionika u hotelu Ambasador Registration
Voditelji Co-chairpersons: Darko Vidakovi}, Boìca Grdan, Stjepan Pliesti}, Tomica Tonkovi} i Zlatko Janje~i} 19:00 Doering A. (FEFAC, Bruxelles Belgija) Rezime budu}ih izazova EU regulative na podru~ju hrane za ìvotinje perspektiva ove industrijske grane Overview on future challenges for EU feed legislation / an industry perspective 19:15 Hera, A. i Vera Billova (Dràvni veterinarski institut za kontrolu veterinarskih lijekova, Brno ê{ka) Uporaba ljekovite hrane u okviru zakona Europske unije u Republici ê{koj The Usage of Medicated Feed under European Rules in Czech Republic 19:30 Stan a, J. i P . Vaculik (KZZ, Brno ê{ka) Europski i ~e{ki propisi o hrani i njihov poloàj u sustavu sigurnosti hrane European and Czech legislation in the area of feedingstuffs and their position in food safety system 19:45 Tk~ikov, Jana (Pravni fakultet, Sveu~ili{te Masaryk, Brno ê{ka) Europska i ~e{ka regulativa na podru~ju sto~arske proizvodnje pravni aspekti uvo|enja slu`bene kontrole European and Czech legislation in the area of animal production; legal aspects of official control implementation 20:00 Podjela zahvalnica tvornicama sto~ne hrane, ~asopisima Krmiva i Pasze Przemyslowe i osobama Presentation of letters of acknowledgement to feed producers, journals Krmiva and Pasze Przemyslowe and individuals 21:00 Domjenak za u~esnike Savjetovanja prire|uje u hotelu Ambasador Krmiva d.o.o. Zagreb Welcome party for participants of the Conference has been prepared by Krmiva d.o.o. Zagreb Sponzori domjenka: Welcome party is sponsored by: Natura Agro d.o.o., \ur|evac PP Orahovica d.d., Orahovica Klas d.d., Nova Gradi{ka TSH Ku{i} promet d.o.o., Donje Psarjevo TSH d.o.o., Koprivnica Krmiva d.o.o., Zagreb Udruga proizvo|a~a, tehnologa i nutricionista sto~ne hrane Hrvatske, Zagreb
UTORAK, 03. lipnja 2008. Tuesday, June 03, 2008 08:30 Sve~ano otvaranje Savjetovanja Opening Voditelji Co-chairpersons: Janez Salobir, Darko Grbe{a, Davor Kralik, @eljko Mikulec, Eva Strakova, Csaba Szabo, Veseljko Kara~i} i Ewa Kotowska Lijepa na{a domovino izvodi ènska klapa Luka iz Rijeke Lijepa na{a domovino Croatian anthem performed by female quire Luka Rijeka Podjela zahvalnica fakultetima i osobama Presentation of letters of acknowledgement to faculties and individuals Pozdravi Addresses Gaudeamus Igitur izvodi ènska klapa Luka iz Rijeke Gaudeamus Igitur performed by female quire Luka Rijeka 9:30 Odmor Short break Voditelji Co-chairpersons: Stjepan Muìc, Zvonimir Steiner i Ivan Biuklija 10:00 Janje~i}, Z., S. Muìc, Jasna Pintar, D. Bedekovi}, N. Vo}a i N. [najder (Agronomski fakultet, Zagreb Hrvatska) Poga~a uljane repice u hranidbi koko{i nesilica Rape seed oil-cake in layers nutrition 10:10 Ku{ec, G., Gordana Kralik, V. Margeta, Ivona \urkin i Danica Hanèk (Poljoprivredni fakultet, Osijek Hrvatska) Utjecaj repi~inog ulja u obroku na kvalitativna svojstva mi{i}nog tkiva svinja Effect of dietary rapeseed oil on pig meat quality traits 10:20 Ma{ek, T. i @. Mikulec (Veterinarski fakultet, Zagreb Hrvatska) @ive stanice i kulture kvasca u hranidbi preìva~a Live yeast cells and cultures in ruminant nutrition 10:30 Mazija, H., Nora Mas i Vlasta [erman (Veterinarski fakultet, Zagreb Hrvatska) U~inak hranidbe na imuni odziv ptica Influence of nutrition on immune status of the birds 10:40 Korol, W., Jolanta Rubaj i Graz yna Bielecka (Nacionalni laboratorij za krmiva, Lublin Poljska) Sustav interpretacije rezultata analize hrane prema interlaboratorijskim usporedbama A system of feed analysis results interpretation on the base of inter-laboratory comparisons 10:50 Strakov, Eva (Veterinarsko i farmaceutsko sveu~ili{te, Brno ê{ka), Nora Mas (Veterinarski fakultet, Zagreb Hrvatska), P . Such (Veterinarsko i farmaceutsko sveu~ili{te, Brno ê{ka), Vlasta [erman (Veterinarski fakultet, Zagreb Hrvatska) i V. Ve~erek (Veterinarsko i farmaceutsko sveu~ili{te, Brno ê{ka) Razlike u sadràju hranjivih tvari u pojedinim sortama uljne repice Variability in nutrient composition among rapeseed varieties
11:00
Babinszky, L., J. Tossenberger i Cs. Szab (Sveu~ili{te Kaposvar, Kaposvar Ma|arska) Globalni trendovi u hranidbi svinja. Izazovi i mogu}nosti The global trends in pig feeding and nutrition. Challenges and opportunities
11:10
Salobir, J. i Tamara Franki~ (Biotehni{ka fakulteta, Domàle Slovenija) Antioksidansi va`nost za ìvotinje i potro{a~e Antioxidants significance for animal and consumer
11:20 11:35 Odmor Short break Voditelji Co-chairpersons: Sre}ko Gjorgjievski, Antonio Maltar, Zlatko Janje~i} i Almedina Zuko 11:35 Gaj~evi}, Zlata, Gordana Kralik, Marcela [peranda, Z. [krti} (Poljoprivredni fakultet, Osijek Hrvatska) i I. Matani} (Alltech Biotehnologija, Zagreb Hrvatska) Utjecaj razli~itih izvora i razina selena na proizvodna obilje`ja i biokemijske pokazatelje u krvi konzumnih nesilica Influence of different sources and levels of selenium on production and biochemical traits in blood of laying hens 11:45 \urkin, Ivona, G. Ku{ec, Gordana Kralik, Zlata Gaj~evi} i Zlata Maltar (Poljoprivredni fakultet, Osijek Hrvatska) Utjecaj hranidbenih tretmana na kvalitativna svojstva mi{i}nog tkiva pili}a Influence of dietary treatments on meat quality traits of broilers 11:55 Steiner, Zv., M. Doma}inovi}, Z. Antunovi}, \. Sen~i}, Marcela [peranda i Z. Steiner (Poljoprivredni fakultet, Osijek Hrvatska) Utjecaj razli~itih razina sirovih bjelan~evina na proizvodne rezultate pili}a u tovu Effect of different levels of crude protein on the performance of broiler 12:05 Safti}, M. (Ireks aroma, Zagreb Hrvatska), D. ôtinski, D. Belore~kov, Maya Ignatova (Institut za sto~arstvo, Kostinbrod Bugarska) i N. Nikolov (Konik aroma, Sofija Bugarska) Utjecaj arome citrus komora~ na tov pili}a Flavour citrus-fennel in feeding broiler chicken 12:20 Nikolova, Nedeljka (Institut za sto~arstvo, Skopje Makedonija), Zlatica Pavlovski (Institut za sto~arstvo, Zemun Srbija), N. Milo{evi} i Lidija Peri} (Poljoprivredni fakultet, Novi Sad Srbija) Kvaliteta trupova brojlerskih pili}a Cobb 500 i Hubbard Classic pri hranidbi krmnim smjesama s niòm i vi{om razinom proteina i energije Carcass quality of Cobb 500 and Hubbard Classic broiler chicken in diet with lower and higher level of protein and energy in the feed mixture 12:30 Bro, D., B. Glik, M. Jur~ek, i M. [imko (Slova~ki poljoprivredni fakultet, Nitra Slova~ka) Kakvo}a postupka fermentacije visokovla`nog zrna kukuruza The quality of fermentation process of high moisture corn Vrijeme za ru~ak Lunch
Voditelji Co-chairpersons: Nora Mas, Tomica Beli} i Goce Cilev 15:00 [krti}, Z. (Poljoprivredni fakultet, Osijek Hrvatska), Alenka Levart (Biotehni{ka fakulteta, Domàle Slovenija), Sonja Jovanovac, Vesna Gantner (Poljoprivredni fakultet, Osijek Hrvatska), D. Kompan (Biotehni{ka fakulteta, Domàle Slovenija), P . Boì} i A. Orak (Centar za reprodukciju u sto~arstvu Hrvatske, Krièvci Hrvatska) Profil masnih kiselina u mlijeku bu{e Fatty acids profile in Busha milk 15:10 Avrelio, Dolores (Osijek Hrvatska), Mirjana Baban, P . Miji}, Z. Antunovi} (Poljoprivredni fakultet, Osijek Hrvatska), M. Ernoi} (Vara`dinska ùpanija Vara`din, Vara`din Hrvatska) i B. Antunovi} (Poljoprivredni fakultet, Osijek Hrvatska) Mogu}nosti proizvodnje i kori{tenja kobiljeg mlijeka Possibilities for production and usage of mares milk 15:20 Vu~emilo, Marija, Kristina Matkovi} (Veterinarski fakultet, Zagreb Hrvatska) Bara Vinkovi}, Sanja Radovi}, Renata Brezak (Hrvatski veterinarski institut, Zagreb Hrvatska) i M. Beni} (Adriaservis, Adria grupa, Zagreb Hrvatska) U~inak smje{tajnih prilika na higijensku kvalitetu zraka u krma~arniku Influence of accommodation conditions on hygienic air quality in the sow facility 15:30 Tofant, Alenka (Veterinarski fakultet, Zagreb Hrvatska) Sun~ica Uhitil (Veterinarska stanica Grada Zagreba, Zagreb Hrvatska) i Nada Glumac (Me|imurske vode d.o.o., âkovec Hrvatska) Zna~enje pitke vode za dobrobit, zdravlje i proizvodnost ìvotinja Role of drinking water on animal welfare, health and productivity Odmor Short break 16:00 19:00 POSTER SEKCIJA POSTER SESSION Voditelj Co-chairperson: Zdenko Steiner Vrijeme za ve~eru Dinner
SRIJEDA, 04. lipnja 2008. Wednesday, June 04, 2008 Voditelji Co-chairpersons: Stjepan Pepeljnjak, Mario Mitak, Salko Muratovi} i Branko Stuburi} 8:30 Pepeljnjak, S., Zdenka Cvetni} i Maja [egvi} Klari} (Farmaceutsko biokemijski fakultet, Zagreb Hrvatska) Okratoksin A i zearalenon: kontaminacija ìtarica i krmiva u Hrvatskoj (1977. 2007.) i utjecaj na zdravlje ìvotinja i ljudi Ochratoxin A and zearalenon: food and feed contamination in Croatia (1977 2007) and influence on animal and human health 8:45 Peraica, Maja, A. M. Domijan, D. Flajs (Institut za medicinska istraìvanja I medicinu rada, Zagreb Hrvatska), D. Ivi} i B. Cvjetkovi} (Agronomski fakultet, Zagreb Hrvatska) Izloènost op}e populacije u Hrvatskoj okratoksinu A The exposure of general population in Croatia to ochratoxin A 9:00 Pfohl-Leszkowicz, Annie (Department BioSyM, ENSA, Toulouse Francuska) Zna~aj nefrotoksi~nosti okratoksina A (OTA) kod prasadi i balkanska endemska nefropatija Implication of ochratoxin A (OTA) in pig nephrotoxicity and Balkan endemic nephropathy 9:20 Galtier, P ., G. Meissonnier, Jolle Laffitte, Isabelle P . Oswald i N. Loiseau (Farmakolo{ko toksikolo{ki laboratorij, Institut National de Recherche Agronomique, Toulouse Francuska) Molekularne interakcije izme|u mikotoksina i lijekova koji se metaboliziraju u jetri glodavaca i farmskih ìvotinja Molecular interactions between mycotoxins and liver drug metabolizing enzymes in rodents and farm animals 9:40 Surai, P . F. (Scotish Agricultural College, Edinburgh [kotska,UK, University of Glasgow, Glasgow [kotska, UK, Trakia University, Stara Zagora Bugarska i Szent Istvan University, Gdll Ma|arska), M. Mezes (Szent Istvan University, Gdll Ma|arska), S. D. Melnichuk (National Agricultural University, Kiev Ukrajina) i Tatiana I. Fotina (Sumy National Agrarian University Ukrajina) Mikotoksini i zdravlje ìvotinja: od oksidativnog stresa do ekspresije gena Mycotoxins and animal health: from oxidative stress to gene expression 9:55 Hofstetter, Ursula (Biomin, Herzogenburg Austrija) Mikotoksini skrivena opasnost u hranidbi ìvotinja Mycotoxins the hidden hazards in animal nutrition 10:10 Eidelsburger, U. (BASF, Burgbernheim Njema~ka) i D. Feuerstein (BASF, Ludwigshafen Njema~ka) Iskori{tenje punog potencijala Natuphos fitaze kod nepreìva~a Using the full potential of Natuphos phytase in monogastric animals 10:25 Meyer, Gesa (Lohmann Animal Health, Cuxhaven Njema~ka) Probiotici pruàju nove mogu}nosti za pobolj{anje zdravlja i proizvodnosti krma~a i prasadi Probiotics provide new opportunities for improving health and performance in sows and piglets
10:40
Stjernberg, G. (Perten Instruments, Stockholm [vedska) Analiza sto~ne hrane, krmiva i bio-etanola pomo}u instrumenta Diode Array 7200, firme Perten Instruments Analyses of Feed, Forage and Bio-ethanol using Diode Array 7200 from Perten Instruments
10:55 11:15 Odmor Short break Voditelji Co-chairpersons: Ivan Bogut, Neven Vo}a i Dario Golub 11:15 Frajman, Polonca, V. Margeta i Gordana Kralik (Poljoprivredni fakultet, Osijek Hrvatska) Povezanost kandidatnih gena s klaoni~kim svojstvima svinja Interaction between candidate genes and slaughter traits in pigs 11:25 Klasse, H. J. (AlzChem, Trostberg Njema~ka) Suzbijanje muha i prevencija dizenterije na svinjogojskim farmama kemijskim tretiranjem gnojavke Control of stable flies and prevention of dysentery in pig fattening units by chemical treatment of the residual slurry under the slatted floor 11:40 czyk, M. Kapica, Iwona Puzio, M. Pawlowska Valverde Piedra, J. L., S. E. Szyman (Poljoprivredni fakultet, Lublin Poljska) i P . Michalowski (Mifarmex Sp. z o.o., Nieporet Poljska) Zajedni~ki u~inak butirata i ekstrakta Yucca Schidigeri na gastrointestinalni sustav svinja pri odbi}u Combined effect of butyrate and Yucca Schidigeri extract on the gastrointestinal tract of pigs around weaning 11:50 Franki~, Tamara, Vida Rezar i J. Salobir (Biotehni{ka fakulteta, Domàle Slovenija) Utjecaj ekstrakta kestena (Farmatan) na oksidativni stres uzrokovan uno{enjem velikih koli~ina PUFA kod odbite prasadi The effect of sweet chestnut extract (Farmatan) on oxidative stress induced by high pufa intake in weaned pigs 12:00 Whner, M. (Anhalt University of Applied Sciences, Bernburg Njema~ka), J. Kauffold (University of Leipzig, Leipzig Njema~ka) i Nedeljka Nikolova (Institut za sto~arstvo, Skopje Makedonija) Utjecaj hranidbe na izlu~ivanje FSH i LH tijekom laktacije, na maternicu i razvoj folikula u krma~a poslije odbi}a Influence of feeding level on FSH and LH secretion patterns during lactation, on uterus and follicle development after weaning in sows 12:10 Westerhof, M., (Topigs International, Vught Nizozemska) Geneti~ki trendovi u odnosu na proizvodne rezultate farmi Genetic trends in relation to farm performance 12:25 Sviben, M. (Zagreb Hrvatska) Utjecaj razli~itih na~ina hranidbe na mesnatost hibridnih svinja The Influence of Different Feeding Regimes on the Lean Meat Content of Hybrid Pigs 12:35 Vrijeme za ru~ak Lunch
OKRUGLI STOL ROUND TABLE DISCUSSION organiziraju Krmiva d.o.o. Zagreb is organized by Krmiva d.o.o. Zagreb Utjecaj proizvodnja biogoriva na proizvodnju hrane Impact of biofuel production on food and feed Voditelj Co-chairperson: Darko Grbe{a 16:00 Kri~ka, Tajana, N. Vo}a, Vanja Juri{i}, Tea Brlek Savi} (Agronomski fakultet, Zagreb Hrvatska) i Sanja Kalambura (Veleu~ili{te, Velika Gorica Hrvatska) Klaoni~ki otpad kao biognojivo nakon procesa alkalne hidrolize Slaughterhouse waste as a fertilizer after the process of alkaline hydrolisis 16:10 Grbe{a, D. (Agronomski fakultet, Zagreb Hrvatska) Utjecaj proizvodnje bioetanola iz ìtarica na sto~arstvo Effect of the bioethanol production from cereals on animal production 16:20 Varga, B., Z. Sve~njak i @. Juki} (Agronomski fakultet, Zagreb Hrvatska) Ratarske sirovine za proizvodnju biogoriva u Hrvatskoj Field crops for biofuel production in Croatia 16:30 Kralik, D., Gabriella Kaniài, Ana-Marija Elter (Poljoprivredni fakultet, Osijek Hrvatska), S. Kuki} (Bioplin Baranja, Bilje Hrvatska) i Nata{a Uranjek (@ito, Osijek Hrvatska) Sudanska trava energetska biljka za proizvodnju bioplina Sudan grass energy crop for biogas production 16:40 Kalambura, Sanja (Veleu~ili{te, Velika Gorica Hrvatska) i D. Kalambura (BBS Projekt, Zagreb Hrvatska) Proizvodnja biogoriva i utjecaj na europsko trì{te sirovina Biofuel production and its effect on Europes resource market 16:50 Ba{i}, F. (Agronomski fakultet, Zagreb Hrvatska) Utjecaj biogoriva na sustave uzgoja bilja i ekolo{ke posljedice uzgoja bilja za biogorivo Influence of biofuel on plant production systems and environmental impact of production of plants for biofuel 17:00 Tomi}, F. i Tajana Kri~ka (Agronomski fakultet, Zagreb Hrvatska) Raspoloìve poljoprivredne povr{ine za proizvodnju biogoriva u Hrvatskoj Agricultural areas available for biofuel production in Croatia Rasprava Discussion Vrijeme za ve~eru Dinner
ÊTVRTAK, 05. lipnja 2008. Thursday, June 05, 2008 Voditelji Co-chairpersons: Tajana Kri~ka, Davor Perki} i Branimir Rozman 8:30 Brajkovi}, G. (Buzet Hrvatska) i D. Perki} (TSH Ku{i} promet, Donje Psarjevo Hrvatska) Upravljanje toplinskim stresom u mlije~nih krava Management of heat stress in dairy cows 8:45 Nastova-Djordjioska, Rodne (Institut za sto~arstvo, Skopje Makedonija) Saprobiolo{ka ocjena kvalitete vode rijeke Vardar u R.Makedoniji na osnovu bioindikatorskih vrsta riba Saprobiological water quality eveluation of the river Vardar in the R. Macedonia according to bioindikatory type of fish 8:55 Vajda, V. i Iveta Maskalova (Sveu~ili{te veterinarske medicine, Ko{ice Slova~ka) Utjecaj kvalitete krmiva na proizvodnost i zdravlje mlije~nih krava The effects of forage quality on production and health in dairy cows 9:05 Lavren~i~, A. (Biotehni{ka fakulteta, Domàle Slovenija) Tanini u hranidbi preìva~a Tannins in ruminant nutrition 9:15 Muhamedagi}, S. i S. Muratovi} (Poljoprivredno prehrambeni fakultet, Sarajevo Bosna i Hercegovina) Prirast mla|i kalifornijske pastrve (Oncorhynchus mykiss) u ovisnosti od sadràja slobodne uglji~ne kiseline u vodi Growth rate of the rainbow trouts fry (Oncorhynchus mykiss) dependence on contents of free carbonic acid in the water 9:25 Formigoni, A. (Fakultet veterinarske medicine, Bologna Italija) Kontrola energetskog balansa u suhostaju, klju~ uspjeha u proizvodnji mlije~nih krava Energy balance control in transition, a key to success in dairy production 9:45 Vu~evac Bajt, Vesna (Veterinarski fakultet, Zagreb Hrvatska) Razvoj veterinarstva u Hrvatskoj Development of veterinary medicine in Croatia 9:55 Koza~inski, Lidija, M. Hadìosmanovi}, @eljka Cvrtila Fleck, N. Zdolec i I. Filipovi} (Veterinarski fakultet, Zagreb Hrvatska) Sigurnost krmiva kao uvjet zdravstvene ispravnosti hrane na trì{tu Safety of an animal food as a condition for sanitary validity of a food on a market 10:05 Salamon, Rosalia Veronika (Sapientia Ma|arski univerzitet Transilvania, Csikszereda Rumunjska), Katalin Lki (Sveu~ili{te Kaposvar, Kaposvar Ma|arska) Szidnia Salamon (Sapientia Ma|arski univerzitet Transilvania, Csikszereda Rumunjska), Zsuzsana Csap-Kiss (Sveu~ili{te Kaposvar, Kaposvar Ma|arska) i J. Csap (Sveu~ili{te Kaposvar, Kaposvar Ma|arska i Sapientia Ma|arski univerzitet Transilvania, Csikszereda Rumunjska), Sadràj konjugirane linolne kiseline na hranjive tvari i hranu proizvedenu konvencionalnim na~inom i mikrovalnim zagrijavanjem Conjugated linoleic acid content of feeding stuffs and foods produced by conventional and microwave heat treatment
10:15
Vukobratovi}, Marija (Visoko gospodarsko u~ili{te, Krièvci Hrvatska), Nata{a Pinti} Pukec (HSC Sredi{nji laboratorij za kontrolu mlijeka, Poljana Krièva~ka Hrvatska), Vesna Samobor, @. Vukobratovi}, V. Pinti} i \. Kalember (Visoko gospodarsko u~ili{te, Krièvci Hrvatska), Utjecaj gnojidbe na urod, kemijski sastav i hranidbenu vrijednost klipa i zrna kukuruza Influence of fertilization on yield, chemical composition and nutritive value of maize cob and grain
10:25
Jakubowski, H. (Borregaard LignoTech, Dsseldorf Njema~ka) Softacid novi, efikasni i siguran koncept za proizvodnju sto~ne hrane baziran na za{ti}enim organskim kiselinama Softacid a new, efficient and safe concept for the feed market based on protected acids
Rasprava Discussion
Zaklju~ci i sve~ano zatvaranje Savjetovanja Conclusions and official closing of Conference
Cocktail za sve sudionike Savjetovanja prire|uje Slavko Luli}, dipl.ing., direktor KRMIVA d.o.o., Zagreb Cocktail for all Conference participants hosted by Mr. Slavko Luli}, director KRMIVA d.o.o., Zagreb
POSTER SEKCIJA POSTER SESSION Kralik, Gordana, S. Luli}, V. Margeta i Danica Hanèk (Poljoprivredni fakultet, Osijek Hrvatska) Ugradnja omega 3 masnih kiselina u mi{i}no tkivo svinja Incorporation of omega-3 fatty acids into muscular tissue of pigs Zadnik, T., J. Stari~, J. Jeèk, M. Klinkon (Veterinarski fakultet, Ljubljana Slovenija) i T. Cigler (Veterinarska stanica Brestanica, Brestanica Slovenija) Trovanje goveda o{trodlakavim {}irom (Amaranrthus retroflexus) Poisoning in cattle associated with ingestion of redroot pigweed (Amaranrthus retroflexus) case report ûkli}, D., Tatjana Jelen (Visoko gospodarsko u~ili{te, Krièvci Hrvatska), F. Poljak (Hrvatski sto~arski centar, Zagreb Hrvatska), J. Crn~i} (Srednja gospodarska {kola, Krièvci Hrvatska) i D. Maren~i} (Visoko gospodarsko u~ili{te, Krièvci Hrvatska) Utjecaj hranidbe na koli~inu i sastav mlijeka na mlije~noj farmi Srednje gospodarske {kole u Krièvcima Influence of feeding on quantity and milk composition on cattle farm of Krièvci secondary agricultural school Volj~, Mojca, Alenka Levart, A. Lavren~i~ i J. Salobir (Biotehni{ka fakulteta, Domàle Slovenija) Utjecaj na~ina drànja i sezone na sastav masnih kiselina mlijeka u Sloveniji The influence of rearing regime and season on milk fatty acid composition in Slovenia Gantner, Vesna (Poljoprivredni fakultet, Osijek Hrvatska), K. Poto~nik (Biotehni{ka fakulteta, Domàle Slovenija) i Sonja Jovanovac i N. Ragu` (Poljoprivredni fakultet, Osijek Hrvatska) Utjecaj subklini~ke ketoze na dnevnu koli~inu i sastav mlijeka slovenskih holstein krava Effect of subclinical ketosis on daily milk yield and milk components of Slovenian holstein Maher, A., M. Janèkovi~ i M. Volk (Fakulteta za kmetijstvo, Maribor Slovenija) U~inak pasterizacije na mikrobiolo{ku kakvo}u mlije~nih proizvoda The effect of pasteurization on microbiological quality of milk products Zmai}, K., Tihana Sudari} i Ruìca Lon~ari} (Poljoprivredni fakultet, Osijek Hrvatska) Ekonomika proizvodnje mlijeka na poljoprivrednim gospodarstvima isto~ne Hrvatske Economic production of milk on farms in Eastern Croatia Grbe{a, D. i G. Ki{ (Agronomski fakultet, Zagreb Hrvatska) Utjecaj krupno}e mljevenja i tipa endosperma na ruminalnu in vitro probavljivost {kroba Effect of particle size and endosperm type on ruminal in vitro digestibility of starch Vo}a, N., Tajana Kri~ka, Vanja Juri{i} (Agronomski fakultet, Zagreb Hrvatska) Anaerobna fermentacija kravljeg gnoja, silaè i sjenaè Anaerobic fermentation of cow manure, silage and hay Ku{ec, V., S. Jer~inovi} (Visoko gospodarsko u~ili{te, Krièvci Hrvatska) i S. Pliesti} (Agronomski fakultet, Zagreb Hrvatska) Ekonomi~nost rada mlina ~eki}ara pri usitnjavanju kukuruza i sojine sa~me Economical labour of hammermils in the case of grinding of corn and soyabean pellets Pliesti}, S., D. Filipovi}, Nadica Dobri~evi}, Sandra Vo}a (Agronomski fakultet, Zagreb Hrvatska) i V. Ku{ec (Visoko gospodarsko u~ili{te, Krièvci Hrvatska) Fizikalne osobine pra{ine u proizvodnji krmnih smjesa Physical properties of grain dust in feed production Grbe{a, D., Z. Sve~njak i G. Ki{ (Agronomski fakultet, Zagreb Hrvatska) Kemijski sastav i in vitro probavljivost dijelova biljke kukuruza Chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of different parts of maize plant Stjepanovi}, M., R. Gantner (Poljoprivredni fakultet, Osijek Hrvatska), S. Popovi}, T. ûpi} (Poljoprivredni institut, Osijek Hrvatska) M. Kneèvi} i Marina Vrani} (Agronomski fakultet, Zagreb Hrvatska) Krmna vrijednost smjese ozimog gra{ka i p{enice u razli~itim rokovima ko{nje Forage value of winter pea/wheat mixture at different cuts
P . Krstic, Milena, Radmila Markovi}, D. Sefer i Z. Sinovec (Veterinarski fakultet, Beograd Srbija) Mineralni sastav zelene mase i sijena sa podru~ja Div~ibara Mineral composition of the green mass and hay from Divcibare region îvi}, H., Senija Alibegovi}-Grbi} i M. Bezdrob (Poljoprivredno prehrambeni fakultet, Sarajevo Bosna i Hercegovina) Utjecaj gnojidbe du{ikom, vremena ko{nje i dosijavanja na produktivnost prirodnog travnjaka Significance of nitrogen fertilizer, time mowing and undersowing on the production of natural grassland Lki, Katalin (Sveu~ili{te Kaposvar, Kaposvar Ma|arska), Sanja Kalambura (Veleu~ili{te, Velika Gorica Hrvatska), Zs. Mndoki (Sveu~ili{te Kaposvar, Kaposvar Ma|arska), Tajana Kri~ka (Agronomski fakultet, Zagreb Hrvatska), Gabriella Pohn (Sveu~ili{te Kaposvar, Kaposvar Ma|arska), Cs. Albert (Sapientia Ma|arski univerzitet Transilvania, Csikszereda Rumunjska), Zsuzsana Csap-Kiss (Sveu~ili{te Kaposvar, Kaposvar Ma|arska) i J. Csap (Sveu~ili{te Kaposvar, Kaposvar Ma|arska i Sapientia Ma|arski univerzitet Transilvania, Csikszereda Rumunjska) Sadràj D-triptofana u alkalno probavljenom mesnom bra{nu D-tryptophan contents of alkaline digested meat flours Mndoki, Zs. (Sveu~ili{te Kaposvar, Kaposvar Ma|arska), Cs. Albert (Sapientia Ma|arski univerzitet Transilvania, Csikszereda Rumunjska), Gabriella Pohn (Sveu~ili{te Kaposvar, Kaposvar Ma|arska), Szidonia Salamon (Sapientia Ma|arski univerzitet Transilvania, Csikszereda Rumunjska), Zsuzsana Csap-Kiss (Sveu~ili{te Kaposvar, Kaposvar Ma|arska) i J. Csap (Sveu~ili{te Kaposvar, Kaposvar Ma|arska i Sapientia Ma|arski univerzitet Transilvania, Csikszereda Rumunjska) Separacija i odre|ivanje selenoaminokiselina u hrani i krmivima pomo}u ionsko-izmjenjiva~ke kromatografije Separation and determination of selenoamino acids in foods and feeding stuffs by ion-exchange chromatography Jamroz, Dorota (Fakultet biologije i sto~arstva Sveu~ili{ta ekolo{kih i biomedicinskih znanosti, Wroclav Poljska), Z. Wzorek (Tehni~ko sveu~ili{te, Krakow Poljska), Agnieszka Gajda Janiak (Fakultet biologije i sto~arstva Sveu~ili{ta ekolo{kih i biomedicinskih znanosti, Wroclav Poljska) i Z. Kowalski (Tehni~ko sveu~ili{te, Krakow Poljska) Fizikalno-kemijske karakteristike fosfata u krmivima kao kriterij njihove klasifikacije Physico-chemical characteristic of fodder phosphates as a criterion of their classification Gajda-Janiak, Agnieszka, Dorota Jamroz (Fakultet biologije i sto~arstva Sveu~ili{ta ekolo{kih i biomedicinskih znanosti, Wroclav Poljska) i Z. Wzorek (Tehni~ko sveu~ili{te, Krakow Poljska) Ocjena kvalitete krmnih fosfata na temelju njihovog kemijskog sastava i topljivosti Evaluation of the fodder phosphates quality on the basis of their chemical composition and solubility ski, S. i W. Korol (Nacionalni laboratorij za krmiva, Lublin Poljska) Walczyn Dugoro~ni nadzor homogenosti krmnih smjesa od strane dràvnih tijela Long-term monitoring of homogeneity of compound feed in the government supervision Bielecka, Graz yna, Jolanta Rubaj i W. Korol (Nacionalni laboratorij za krmiva, Lublin Poljska) Potreba standardiziranja ekstrahiranog sjemena uljane repice kao nusproizvoda u proizvodnji biogoriva The need for standardization of rapeseed expeller as a by-product from bio-fuels production [egvi} Klari}, Maja, I. Kosalec, Zdenka Cvetni} i S. Pepeljnjak (Farmaceutsko biokemijski fakultet, Zagreb Hrvatska) Komparacija ELISA i TLC/HPLC metoda za odre|ivanje ZEA i OTA u hrani i krmi Comparison between ELISA and TLC/HPLC methods for detemination of zearalenon and ochratoxin A in food and feed
Mndoki, Zs., G. Pohn (Sveu~ili{te Kaposvar, Kaposvar Ma|arska), Cs. Albert, Sz. Salamon (Sapientia Ma|arski univerzitet Transilvania, Csikszereda Rumunjska), Zsuzsana Csap-Kiss (Sveu~ili{te Kaposvar, Kaposvar Ma|arska) i J. Csap (Sveu~ili{te Kaposvar, Kaposvar Ma|arska i Sapientia Ma|arski univerzitet Transilvania, Csikszereda Rumunjska) Mogu}nosti odre|ivanja selenoamino kiselina u hrani i hranjivim sastojcima pomo}u teku}inske kromatografije Possibilities of liquid chromatographic determination of selenoamino acids and its food and feeding stuff analytical aspects Cilev, G., B. Pala{evski (Institut za sto~arstvo, Skopje Makedonija), S. Gjorgjievski (Fakultet agronomskih nauka i hrane, Skopje Makedonija), Nata{a Gjorgovska i Vesna Levkov (Institut za sto~arstvo, Skopje Makedonija) Hranidbena vrijednost uvoznih krmiva u Republici Makedoniji Nutritive value of imported feedstuffs in Republic of Macedonia Gross-Bo{kovi}, Andrea, Danijela Petrovi}, Martina Jurkovi}, Sanja Milo{ (Hrvatska agencija za hranu, Osijek Hrvatska), T. Florijan~i} i I. Bo{kovi} (Poljoprivredni fakultet, Osijek Hrvatska) Rezultati slu`bene kontrole hrane za ìvotinje u procjeni rizika Overview of the official control results of feed for the purpose of risk identification Jelen, Tatjana, D. Maren~i}, V. Pinti} (Visoko gospodarsko u~ili{te, Krièvci Hrvatska) i Nata{a Pinti} Pukec (HSC Sredi{nji laboratorij za kontrolu mlijeka, Poljana Krièva~ka Hrvatska) Kakvo}a svinjskih polovica kriànaca pietren i hemp{ir pasmine Pig carcass quality of Pietren and Hampshire crossbreeds Gjorgjievski, S. (Fakultet agronomskih nauka i hrane, Skopje Makedonija), Ana Murgjieva-Mijakova, Violeta Bo~varova, Sonja Efremova (Agria group, Veles Makedonija), M. Traj~ev (Fakultet agronomskih nauka i hrane, Skopje Makedonija) i G. Cilev (Institut za sto~arstvo, Skopje Makedonija), Utjecaj vremena odbi}a na proizvodne karakteristike prasadi The influence of weaning time onto productive characteristics of piglets Sviben, M. (Zagreb Hrvatska) O~ekivani i opaèni prirasti ìve vage te koli~ine krme potrebne ukupno, potro{ive za uzdràvanje, raspoloìve za proizvodnju i poloìve pra{~i}ima Expected and Observed Growth Rates and the Quantities of feed required Totally, Consumable for the Maintenance, Available for the Production and Possible Given to Piglets Vincek, D. (Vara`dinska ùpanija, Vara`din Hrvatska), Ivona \urkin, Gordana Kralik, A. Petri~evi} (Poljoprivredni fakultet, Osijek Hrvatska), U. Baulain (Institute for animal breeding, Mariensee Njema~ka) i G. Ku{ec (Poljoprivredni fakultet, Osijek Hrvatska) Utjecaj hranidbenog tretmana na karakteristike rasta svinja Influence of feeding regime on pig growth characteristics Grbe{a, D. i G. Ki{ (Agronomski fakultet, Zagreb Hrvatska) Dinamika in vitro probavljivosti {kroba u tankom crijevu svinje Kinetics of in vitro digestibility of starch in small intestine of pig ko, M. Pawowska Puzio, Iwona, J. L. Valverde Piedra, M. Kapica, M. Bien (Poljoprivredni fakultet, Lublin Poljska), E. Kusinska (Fakultet proizvodnog inènjerstva, Lublin Poljska) i czyk (Fakultet veterinarske medicine, Lublin Poljska) S. E. Szyman U~inak butirata i ekstrakta Yucca Schidigeri na kvalitetu kostiju tijekom rasta prasadi The effect of butyrate and Yucca Schidigeri extract on bone quality in developing piglets Gagi}, A., Fahira Alibegovi}-Ze~i}, Aida Kavazovi}, Slavica Piplica i ]. Crnki} (Veterinarski fakultet, Sarajevo Bosna i Hercegovina) Nutritivno-tehnolo{ki pogled na upotrebu ulja uzgojene crnjike (Nigella sativa) u tovu pili}a Nutritive and technological view on use of black seed (Nigella sativa) oil in fattening chicks
Re{idbegovi}, Emina, A. Gagi}, Aida Kustura, T. Goleti} i Aida Kavazovi} (Veterinarski fakultet, Sarajevo Bosna i Hercegovina) U~inak ulja uzgojene crnjike (Nigella sativa) na imunosni odziv pili}a u tovu The effect of black seed oil (Nigella sativa) on the immunity response of broilers Ve~erek, V. (Veterinarsko i farmaceutsko sveu~ili{te, Brno ê{ka), Nora Mas (Veterinarski fakultet, Zagreb Hrvatska), F. Vitula, Eva Strakov (Veterinarsko i farmaceutsko sveu~ili{te, Brno ê{ka), Vlasta [erman (Veterinarski fakultet, Zagreb Hrvatska) i P . Such (Veterinarsko i farmaceutsko sveu~ili{te, Brno ê{ka) Klaoni~ka vrijednost odabranih vrsta peradi Slaughter values in the selected species of feathered game birds [krti}, Z., Gordana Kralik, Zlata Gaj~evi} (Poljoprivredni fakultet, Osijek Hrvatska), I. Krièk (Phoenix Farmacija, Osijek Hrvatska) i Danica Hanèk (Poljoprivredni fakultet, Osijek Hrvatska) Tovna obilje`ja te{kih hibrida pura Fattening characteristics of turkey heavy hybrids Acamovic, T. (SAC, Edinburgh [kotska,UK) i G. Bertin (Alltech France, Levallois Perret Francuska) Utjecaj dodatka Sel-Plex-a obroku pili}a na deponiranje selena u tkivima Effects of supra-dietary supplementation of chicken diets with Sel-Plex on selenium deposition in tissues Egorov, I. A., N. Y. Chesnokova, E. V. Ivachnick (Sveruski instraìva~ki institut za uzgoj peradi, Sergiev Posad Rusija), T. T. Papazyan (Alltech Russia, Moscow Rusija) i P . F. Surai (Avian Science Research Centre [kotska,UK) U~inak Sel-Plex-a i vitamina E u obroku koko{i nesilica na akumulaciju selena i vitamina E u jajima Effect of Sel-Plex and vitamin E dietary supplementation of laying hens on selenium and vitamin E accumulation in eggs Hodì}, Aida, A. Gagi}, M. Hamam|i}, J. Krni}, A. Hrkovi}, M. Katica, E. [alji}, Nejra Hadìmusi} i Eva Juhas-Pa{i} (Veterinarski fakultet, Sarajevo Bosna i Hercegovina) Lipidi plazme i hematolo{ka slika tovnih pili}a tretiranih uljem uzgojene crnjike Plasma lipids and hematological picture of broilers supplemented with blackseed (Nigella sativa L.) oil Such, P . (Veterinarsko i farmaceutsko sveu~ili{te, Brno ê{ka), Nora Mas (Veterinarski fakultet, Zagreb Hrvatska), Eva Strakov (Veterinarsko i farmaceutsko sveu~ili{te, Brno ê{ka), Vlasta [erman (Veterinarski fakultet, Zagreb Hrvatska) i V. Ve~erek (Veterinarsko i farmaceutsko sveu~ili{te, Brno ê{ka) Utjecaj biljnog aditiva ZeoFeed na produktivnost nesilica The effect of a herbal additive ZeoFeed on performance parameters in layers Tossenberger, J. (Sveu~ili{te Kaposvar, Kaposvar Ma|arska), A. Lemme (Evonik Degussa, Hanau Njema~ka), G. Gyurcs i L. Babinszky (Sveu~ili{te Kaposvar, Kaposvar Ma|arska) Utjecaj dodatka treonina na proizvodne rezultate tovnih pili}a The effect of threonine supply on broiler performance Gjorgovska, Nata{a (Institut za sto~arstvo, Skopje Makedonija), K. Filev (Fakultet agronomskih nauka i hrane, Skopje Makedonija) i Rossitza Konakchieva (Institut za biologiju Akad. K. Bratanov, Sofija Bugarska) Utjecaj induciranog mitarenja na hormonalni status izlu~enih koko{i nesilica Influence of induced molting on hormonal status of aged laying hens Jas kiewicz, T. (Fakultet proizvodnog inènjerstva, Lublin Poljska), ko (Fakultet veterinarske medicine, Lublin Poljska) i Iwona Puzio, M. Bien A. Sagan (Fakultet proizvodnog inènjerstva, Lublin Poljska) Utjecaj dodatka konjugirane linolne kiseline na svojstva kostiju tovnih pili}a Influence of conjugated linoleic acid supplementation on bone properties in broiler chickens
Kralik, I., Z. Tolu{i}, Zlata Gaj~evi}, Z. [krti} i Gordana Kralik (Poljoprivredni fakultet, Osijek Hrvatska) Komparativni prikaz tro{kova proizvodnje pile}eg mesa konvencionalnog i modificiranog sastava Comparative overview of costs in production of conventional and modified chicken meat Hrkovi}, Amina, Aida Hodì}, M. Hamamdì}, M. Vegara, Z. Sari}, A. Zahirovi}, Eva Juhas-Pa{i} i J. Krni} (Veterinarski fakultet, Sarajevo Bosna i Hercegovina) Karakteristike biokemijskog statusa bosansko-hercegova~ke pramenke Caracteristics of blood biochemical parameters in Bosnia-Hercegovinas pramenka breed sheep Antunovi}, Z., B. Kopi}, Marcela [peranda, Z. Steiner i J. Novoselec (Poljoprivredni fakultet, Osijek Hrvatska) Utjecaj dodatka selena na proizvodna svojstva janjadi i koncentraciju hormona {titnja~e The influence of selenium on lambs productive traits and concentration of thyroid hormones [kandro, Mevla (Veterinarski fakultet, Sarajevo Bosna i Hercegovina), A. Tarik (Islamska zajednica, Agencija za certificiranje kvalitete halal hrane, Sarajevo Bosna i Hercegovina), F. âklovica, Bedrija Ali} i Fahira Alibegovi}-Ze~i} (Veterinarski fakultet, Sarajevo Bosna i Hercegovina) Utjecaj peletirane hrane na pokazatelje kakvo}e mesa novozelandskog bijelog kuni}a Influence of pelleted food on quality indicators for New Zealand white rabbit meat Pirman, Tatjana i A. Ore{nik (Biotehni{ka fakulteta, Domàle Slovenija) Utjecaj dodatka vlaknine na promjene uvjeta u probavnom sustavu laboratorijskih {takora The addition of fibre in a diet change the conditions in the digestive tract of laboratory rats Antunovi}, Z., Marcela [peranda, \. Sen~i}, M. Doma}inovi} i J. Novoselec (Poljoprivredni fakultet, Osijek Hrvatska) Djelotvornost probiotskog pripravka Probios 2B u hranidbi jaradi Efficiency of probiotic preparation Probios 2B in goat kids feeding Gjorgjievski, S. (Fakultet agronomskih nauka i hrane, Skopje Makedonija), R. Prodanov i Radmila ^r~eva-Nikolovska (Fakultet veterinarske medicine, Skopje Makedonija) Utjecaj hranidbe na inducirano dijabeti~ne eksperimentalne ìvotinje The influence of nutrition onto induced diabetic experimental animals Luài}, R., Z. Pu{kadija, T. Florijan~i}, A. Opa~ak, I. Bogut, I. Bo{kovi} i D. Jelki} (Poljoprivredni fakultet, Osijek Hrvatska) Posje}enost suncokreta (Helianthus annuus L.) medonosnom p~elom (Apis mellifera carnica) u agroeko sustavu Baranje Visitation of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L. P .) by honey bee (Apis mellifera carnica) in agro-eco system of Baranja region Bo{kovi}, I., T. Florijan~i}, A. Opa~ak, Z. Tucak, Z. Pu{kadija (Poljoprivredni fakultet, Osijek Hrvatska) i Andrea Gross Bo{kovi} (Hrvatske agencija za hranu, Osijek Hrvatska) Utjecaj ekolo{kih ~imbenika na rad pasa po krvnom tragu The impact of ecological factors on work of blood hounds van der Elsen, J. (Silo S.r.l., Firenza Italija) Baby C4, gliceridi masla~ne kiseline Baby C4, butyric acid glycerides Pavli~evi}, J. (Agronomski fakultet, Mostar Bosna i Hercegovina), N. Fijan (Veterinarski fakultet, Zagreb Hrvatska), T. [peranda (Medical Intertrade, Sveta Nedelja Hrvatska), S. Ivankovi} (Agronomski fakultet, Mostar Bosna i Hercegovina) i I. Bogut (Poljoprivredni fakultet, Osijek Hrvatska) Primjena mananoligosaharida u tovu duì~aste pastrve (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Effects of mannan-oligosaccharides in feeding of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
K R M I VA 2 0 0 8
Organizator: Krmiva d.o.o. Gunduli}eva 45, Zagreb Croatia Telefon: +385 (0)1 48 33 993, Fax: +385 (0)1 48 31 281 E-mail: krmivakrmiva.hr
OP]E OBAVIJESTI
1. Prijava Prijavnicu popunite i po{aljite na ve} navedenu adresu organizatora Savjetovanja najkasnije do 20. svibnja 2008. godine Obvezna i iznosi 610,00 kuna po osobi (PDV uklju~en) U cijenu kotizacije je uklju~eno: sudjelovanje na savjetovanju, simultani prijevod i konferencijski materijal. Uplata kotizacije na transakcijski ra~un KRMIVA, Zagreb broj 2484008-1100174768, s naznakom KOTIZACIJA Kopiju virmana obvezatno predo~iti na recepciji savjetovanja. Sudionici mogu kotizaciju platiti i gotovinom na Savjetovanju prilikom prijave. Slu`beni jezici su hrvatski i engleski, simultani prijevod osiguran. Sudionicima Savjetovanja koji se prijave najkasnije do 20.05.2008. osiguran je smje{taj u vremenu od 2. do 5. lipnja 2008. godine u Opatiji u hotelima: HOTEL AMBASADOR, tel. +385 51 743 333, fax. +385 51 743 444, ambasadorliburnia.hr u dvokrevetnoj sobi u jednokrevetnoj sobi no}enje sa doru~kom no}enje sa doru~kom 385,00 kn 572,00 kn
2. Kotizacija
3. Slu`beni jezici 4. Smje{taj
Dodatni obrok 120,00 kn po osobi/obroku HOTEL BELVEDERE, tel. +385 51 271 044, fax. +385 51 271 484, belvedereliburnia.hr u dvokrevetnoj sobi polupansion u jednokrevetnoj sobi polupansion 297,00 kn no}enje sa doru~kom 235,00 kn
452,00 kn
no}enje sa doru~kom
390,00 kn
HOTEL IMPERIAL, tel. +385 51 271 677, fax. +385 51 272 848, imperialliburnia.hr u dvokrevetnoj sobi polupansion u jednokrevetnoj sobi polupansion 315,00 kn no}enje sa doru~kom 250,00 kn
485,00 kn
no}enje sa doru~kom
420,00 kn
Boravi{na pristojba iznosi 7,00 kn po osobi dnevno. Prijava 4,00 kn po osobi jednokratno. Smje{taj i pansionske usluge sudionici sami pla}aju na recepciji hotela. 5. Rezervacija smje{taja 6. Registracija sudionika 7. Napomena Rezervaciju smje{taja vr{e sudionici sami na ve} navedene adrese hotela
Ponedjeljak 2. lipnja 2008. od 15:00 sati. Utorak 3. lipnja 2008. od 7:00 sati na recepciji organizatora Savjetovanja. Za sve dodatne obavijesti i informacije o Savjetovanju, molimo obratite se na telefon organizatora broj +385 1 483 39 93, Zdenka Horvat.
K R M I VA 2 0 0 8
Organizator: Krmiva d.o.o. Gunduli}eva 45, Zagreb Croatia Telefon: +385 (0)1 48 33 993, Fax: +385 (0)1 48 31 281 E-mail: krmivakrmiva.hr
GENERAL NOTICE
1. Venue 2. Registration fee Conference will be held in the Congress Hall of hotel Ambassador, Opatija 85 Euro per person, at Raiffeisenbank Austria d.d. Zagreb, SWIFT CODE: RZBHHR2X, IBAN: HR3624840081100174768 Registration fee covers: all conference sessions, simultaneous translation and conference materials. Registration fee might be paid at the registration desk.
3. Official languages Official languages are Croatian and English, with simultaneous translation. 4. Accomodation Accomodation has been organized for participants of Conference during the period from June 2 5, 2008 at following hotels in Opatija HOTEL AMBASADOR, tel. +385 51 743 333, fax. +385 51 743 444, ambasadorliburnia.hr double room single room bed and breakfast bed and breakfast 385,00 kn 572,00 kn
Additional meal 120,00 kn per person/ meal HOTEL BELVEDERE, tel. +385 51 271 044, fax. +385 51 271 484, belvedereliburnia.hr double room halfboard single room halfboard 297,00 kn bed and breakfast 235,00 kn
452,00 kn
bed and breakfast
390,00 kn
HOTEL IMPERIAL, tel. +385 51 271 677, fax. +385 51 272 848, imperialliburnia.hr double room halfboard single room halfboard 315,00 kn bed and breakfast 250,00 kn
485,00 kn
bed and breakfast
420,00 kn
The daily local tax is not included in the above prices. Accomodation and room and bar service have to be paid at the hotel reception. 5. Accomodation reservation 6. Participants registration 7. Note Reservation should be made at hotel directly until May 20, 2008
Monday, June 2 from 3:00 p.m. Tuesday, June 3 from 7:00 a.m. at the Conference reception, hotel Ambassador. For all additional notices and detailed information about the Conference, please contact the organizer phone: +385 1 483 39 93, Mrs. Zdenka Horvat.
K R M I VA 2 0 0 8
XV ME\UNARODNO SAVJETOVANJE 15th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE
KRMIVA d.o.o. ZAGREB ZAHVALJUJE ZA SPONZORSTVO SLIJEDE]IM TVRTKAMA KRMIVA d.o.o. ZAGREB THANKS THE FOLLOWING COMPANIES AND ORGANIZATIONS FOR THEIR KIND SPONSORSHIP
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DJELATNOST TVRTKE: Kontrola kakvoe i koliine roba pri uvozu, izvozu i u domaem prometu OVLATENJA Ispitivanje sirovina za stonu hranu ovlateni i referentni laboratorij Ispitivanje hrane za domae ivotinje i kune ljubimce ovlateni ref. labor. Ispitivanje proizvoda, procesa i usluga u ekolokoj poljoprivredi Ispitivanje kakvoe gnojiva i ispitivanje uzoraka tla Razvrstavanje i klasiranje goveih trupova i polovica na liniji klanja Razvrstavanje i klasiranje svinjskih trupova i polovica na liniji klanja Uzorkovanje sjemena poljoprivrednog bilja Uzorkovanje, analiza uzoraka i izraun CV za test homogenosti u proizvodnji stone hrane KONCESIJA za obavljanje luke djelatnosti kontrole kakvoe i koliina roba na podruju luka Rijeka, Split, Zadar i Ploe. Preradovieva 31a, 10000 Zagreb, Hrvatska Matini broj: 3710661, tel. 01/4817-177; 4817-215, fax 01/4817-191 e-mail:croatiakontrola@zg.t-com.hr www.croatiakontrola.hr Akreditacije i certifikati: EN ISO 9001 HRN EN ISO/IEC 17025 HRN EN ISO/IEC 17020
Ireks Aroma d.o.o. Radnia c. 37 10000 ZAGREB HRVATSKA/CROATIA Tel: +385 1 60 40 701 Fax: +385 1 60 40 658 E-mail: ireks@ireks-aroma.hr Internet: www.ireks-aroma.hr
IREKS AROMA d.o.o.

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KRMIVA 2008 S A D R A J | CONTENTS

PROGRAM MEUNARODNOG SAVJETOVANJA | PROGRAM OF INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE UPORABA LJEKOVITE HRANE U OKVIRU ZAKONA EUROPSKE UNIJE U REPUBLICI EKOJ THE USAGE OF MEDICATED FEED UNDER EUROPEAN RULES IN CZECH REPUBLIC Alfred Hera, Vra Billov EUROPSKI I EKI PROPISI O HRANI I NJIHOV POLOAJ U SUSTAVU SIGURNOSTI HRANE EUROPEAN AND CZECH LEGISLATION IN THE AREA OF FEEDINGSTUFFS AND THEIR POSITION IN FOOD SAFETY SYSTEM Jaroslav Staa, Petr Vaculk EUROPSKA I EKA REGULATIVA NA PODRUJU STOARSKE PROIZVODNJE - PRAVNI ASPEKTI UVOENJA SLUBENE KONTROLE EUROPEAN AND CZECH LEGISLATION IN THE AREA OF ANIMAL PRODUCTION; LEGAL ASPECTS OF OFFICIAL CONTROL IMPLEMENTATION Jana Tkikov POGAA ULJANE REPICE U HRANIDBI KOKOI NESILICA RAPE SEED OIL-CAKE IN LAYERS NUTRITION Janjei, Z, Muic, S. Pintar, J., Bedekovi, D. Voa, N., najder, N. UTJECAJ REPIINOG ULJA U OBROKU NA KVALITATIVNA SVOJSTVA MIINOG TKIVA SVINJA EFFECT OF DIETARY RAPESEED OIL ON PIG MEAT QUALITY TRAITS G. Kuec, Gordana Kralik, V. Margeta, Ivona urkin, Danica Hanek IVE STANICE I KULTURE KVASCA U HRANIDBI PREIVAA LIVE YEAST CELLS AND CULTURES IN RUMINANT NUTRITION Tomislav Maek, eljko Mikulec UINAK HRANIDBE NA IMUNI ODZIV PTICA INFLUENCE OF NUTRITION ON IMMUNE STATUS OF THE BIRDS H. Mazija, Nora Mas, Vlasta erman SUSTAV INTERPRETACIJE REZULTATA ANALIZE HRANE PREMA INTERLABORATORIJSKIM USPOREDBAMA A SYSTEM OF FEED ANALYSIS RESULTS INTERPRETATION ON THE BASE OF INTER-LABORATORY COMPARISONS Waldemar Korol, Jolanta Rubaj, Grayna Bielecka RAZLIKE U SADRAJU HRANJIVIH TVARI U POJEDINIM SORTAMA ULJNE REPICE VARIABILITY IN NUTRIENT COMPOSITION AMONG RAPESEED VARIETIES Eva Strakov, Nora Mas, Pavel Such, Vlasta erman, Vladimr Veerek GLOBALNI TRENDOVI U HRANIDBI SVINJA. IZAZOVI I MOGUNOSTI THE GLOBAL TRENDS IN PIG FEEDING AND NUTRITION. CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES L. Babinszky, J. Tossenberger, Cs. Szab
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ANTIOKSIDANSI VANOST ZA IVOTINJE I POTROAE ANTIOXIDANTS SIGNIFICANCE FOR ANIMAL AND CONSUMER Janez Salobir, Tamara Franki UTJECAJ RAZLIITIH IZVORA I RAZINA SELENA NA PROIZVODNA OBILJEJA I BIOKEMIJSKE POKAZATELJE U KRVI KONZUMNIH NESILICA INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT SOURCES AND LEVELS OF SELENIUM ON PRODUCTION AND BIOCHEMICAL TRAITS IN BLOOD OF LAYING HENS Zlata Gajevi, Gordana Kralik, Marcela peranda, Z. krti, I. Matani
UTJECAJ HRANIDBENIH TRETMANA NA KVALITATIVNA SVOJSTVA MIINOG TKIVA PILIA INFLUENCE OF DIETARY TREATMENTS ON MEAT QUALITY TRAITS OF BROILERS Ivona urkin, G. Kuec, Gordana Kralik, Zlata Gajevi, Zlata Maltar
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UTJECAJ RAZLIITIH RAZINA SIROVIH BJELANEVINA NA PROIZVODNE REZULTATE PILIA U TOVU EFFECT OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF CRUDE PROTEIN ON THE PERFORMANCE OF BROILER Steiner, Zv., M. Domainovi, Z. Antunovi, . Seni, Marcela peranda, Z. Steiner AROMA "CITRUS KOMORA" U TOVU BROJLERA FLAVOUR "CITRUS-FENNEL" IN FEEDING BROILER CHICKEN M. Safti, D. otinski, D. Belorekov, M. Ignatova, N. Nikolov KVALITETA TRUPOVA BROJLERSKIH PILIA COBB 500 I HUBBARD CLASSIC PRI HRANIDBI KRMNIM SMJESAMA S NIOM I VIOM RAZINOM PROTEINA I ENERGIJE CARCASS QUALITY OF COBB 500 AND HUBBARD CLASSIC BROILER CHICKEN IN DIET WITH LOWER AND HIGHER LEVEL OF PROTEIN AND ENERGY IN THE FEED MIXTURE Nedeljka Nikolova, Zlatica Pavlovski, Niko Miloevi, Lidija Peri KAKVOA POSTUPKA FERMENTACIJE VISOKOVLANOG ZRNA KUKURUZA THE QUALITY OF FERMENTATION PROCESS OF HIGH MOISTURE CORN Bro, D., Glik, B., Jurek, M., imko, M. PROFIL MASNIH KISELINA U MLIJEKU BUE FATTY ACIDS PROFILE IN BUSHA MILK Z. krti, A. Levart, S. Jovanovac, V. Gantner, D. Kompan, P. Boi, A. Orak MOGUNOSTI PROIZVODNJE I KORITENJA KOBILJEG MLIJEKA POSSIBILITIES FOR PRODUCTION AND USAGE OF MARE`S MILK Avrelio Dolores, Baban Mirjana, Miji, P., Antunovi, Z., Ernoi, M., Antunovi, B. UINAK SMJETAJNIH PRILIKA NA HIGIJENSKU KVALITETU ZRAKA U KRMAARNIKU INFLUENCE OF ACCOMMODATION CONDITIONS ON HYGIENIC AIR QUALITY IN THE SOW FACILITY Marija Vuemilo, Kristina Matkovi, Bara Vinkovi, Sanja Radovi, Renata Brezak, M. Beni ZNAENJE PITKE VODE ZA DOBROBIT, ZDRAVLJE I PROIZVODNOST IVOTINJA ROLE OF DRINKING WATER ON ANIMAL WELFARE, HEALTH AND PRODUCTIVITY Alenka Tofant, Sunica Uhitil, Nada Glumac
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OCHRATOXIN A I ZEARALENON: KONTAMINACIJA ITARICA I KRMIVA U HRVATSKOJ (1977. 2007.) I UTJECAJ NA ZDRAVLJE IVOTINJA I LJUDI OCHRATOXIN A AND ZEARALENON: FOOD AND FEED CONTAMINATION IN CROATIA (1977-2007) AND INFLUENCE ON ANIMAL AND HUMAN HEALTH Stjepan Pepeljnjak, Zdenka Cvetni, Maja egvi Klari IZLOENOST OPE POPULACIJE U HRVATSKOJ OKRATOKSINU A THE EXPOSURE OF GENERAL POPULATION IN CROATIA TO OCHRATOXIN A M. Peraica, A.-M. Domijan, D. Flajs, D. Ivi, B. Cvjetkovi ZNAAJ NEFROTOKSINOSTI OKRATOKSINA A (OTA) KOD PRASADI I BALKANSKA ENDEMSKA NEFROPATIJA IMPLICATION OF OCHRATOXIN A (OTA) IN PIG NEPHROTOXICITY AND BALKAN ENDEMIC NEPHROPATHY Annie Pfohl-Leszkowicz MOLEKULARNE INTERAKCIJE IZMEU MIKOTOKSINA I LIJEKOVA KOJI SE METABOLIZIRAJU U JETRI GLODAVACA I FARMSKIH IVOTINJA MOLECULAR INTERACTIONS BETWEEN MYCOTOXINS AND LIVER DRUG METABOLIZING ENZYMES IN RODENTS AND FARM ANIMALS Pierre Galtier, Guylaine Meissonnier, Jolle Laffitte, Isabelle P. Oswald, Nicolas Loiseau MIKOTOKSINI I ZDRAVLJE IVOTINJA: OD OKSIDATIVNOG STRESA DO EKSPRESIJE GENA MYCOTOXINS AND ANIMAL HEALTH: FROM OXIDATIVE STRESS TO GENE EXPRESSION Peter F. Surai, Miklos Mezes MIKOTOKSINI SKRIVENA OPASNOST U HRANIDBI IVOTINJA MYCOTOXINS THE HIDDEN HAZARDS IN ANIMAL NUTRITION Ursula Hofstetter ISKORITENJE PUNOG POTENCIJALA NATUPHOS FITAZE KOD NEPREIVAA USING THE FULL POTENTIAL OF NATUPHOS PHYTASE IN MONOGASTRIC ANIMALS U. Eidelsburger, D. Feuerstein PROBIOTICI PRUAJU NOVE MOGUNOSTI ZA POBOLJANJE ZDRAVLJA I PROIZVODNOSTI KRMAA I PRASADI PROBIOTICS PROVIDE NEW OPPORTUNITIES FOR IMPROVING HEALTH AND PERFORMANCE IN SOWS AND PIGLETS Gesa Meyer ANALIZA STONE HRANE, KRMIVA I BIO-ETANOLA POMOU INSTRUMENTA DIODE ARRAY 7200, FIRME PERTEN INSTRUMENTS ANALYSES OF FEED, FORAGE AND BIO-ETHANOL USING DIODE ARRAY 7200 FROM PERTEN INSTRUMENTS Goran Stjernberg POVEZANOST KANDIDATNIH GENA S KLAONIKIM SVOJSTVIMA SVINJA INTERACTION BETWEEN CANDIDATE GENES AND SLAUGHTER TRAITS IN PIGS Polonca Frajman, V. Margeta, Gordana Kralik
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SUZBIJANJE MUHA I PREVENCIJA DIZENTERIJE NA SVINJOGOJSKIM FARMAMA KEMIJSKIM TRETIRANJEM GNOJEVKE CONTROL OF STABLE FLIES AND PREVENTION OF DYSENTERY IN PIG FATTENING UNITS BY CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF THE RESIDUAL SLURRY UNDER SLATTED FLOORS Hans-Jrgen Klasse ZAJEDNIKI UINAK BUTIRATA I EKSTRAKTA Yucca Schidigeri NA GASTRIOINTESTINALNI SUSTAV SVINJA PRI ODBIU COMBINED EFFECT OF BUTYRATE AND Yucca Schidigeri EXTRACT ON THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT OF PIGS AROUND WEANING Valverde Piedra J.L., Szymaczyk S.E., Kapica M., Puzio I., Pawowska M., Michaowski P. UTJECAJ EKSTRAKTA KESTENA (FARMATAN) NA OKSIDATIVNI STRES UZROKOVAN UNOENJEM VELIKIH KOLIINA PUFA KOD ODBITE PRASADI THE EFFECT OF SWEET CHESTNUT EXTRACT (FARMATAN) ON OXIDATIVE STRESS INDUCED BY HIGH PUFA INTAKE IN WEANED PIGS Tamara Franki, Vida Rezar, Janez Salobir UTJECAJ HRANIDBE NA IZLUIVANJE FSH I LH TIJEKOM LAKTACIJE, NA MATERNICU I RAZVOJ FOLIKULA U KRMAA POSLIJE ODBIA INFLUENCE OF FEEDING LEVEL ON FSH AND LH SECRETION PATTERNS DURING LACTATION, ON UTERUS AND FOLLICLE DEVELOPMENT AFTER WEANING IN SOWS M. Whner, J. Kauffold, Nedeljka Nikolova GENETIKI TRENDOVI U ODNOSU NA PROIZVODNE REZULTATE FARMI GENETIC TRENDS IN RELATION TO FARM PERFORMANCE Michiel Westerhof UTJECAJ RAZLIITIH NAINA HRANIDBE NA MESNATOST HIBRIDNIH SVINJA THE INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT FEEDING REGIMES ON THE LEAN MEAT CONTENT OF HYBRID PIGS M. Sviben KLAONIKI OTPAD KAO BIOGNOJIVO NAKON PROCESA ALKALNE HIDROLIZE SLAUGHTERHOUSE WASTE AS A FERTILIZER AFTER THE PROCESS OF ALKALINE HYDROLISIS Tajana Krika, Neven Voa, Vanja Jurii, Tea Brlek Savi, Sanja Kalambura UTJECAJ PROIZVODNJE BIOETANOLA IZ ITARICA NA STOARSTVO EFFECT OF THE BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION FROM CEREALS ON ANIMAL PRODUCTION Darko Grbea RATARSKE SIROVINE ZA PROIZVODNJU BIOGORIVA U RH FIELD CROPS FOR BIOFUEL PRODUCTION IN CROATIA Boris Varga, Zlatko Svenjak, eljko Juki SUDANSKA TRAVA - ENERGETSKA BILJKA ZA PROIZVODNJU BIOPLINA SUDAN GRASS - ENERGY CROP FOR BIOGAS PRODUCTION Kralik D., Kaniai Gabriella, Elter Ana-Marija, Kuki S., Uranjek Nataa
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PROIZVODNJA BIOGORIVA I UTJECAJ NA EUROPSKO TRITE SIROVINA BIOFUEL PRODUCTION AND ITS EFFECT ON EUROPE'S RESOURCE MARKET Sanja Kalambura, Dejan Kalambura RASPOLOIVE POLJOPRIVREDNE POVRINE ZA PROIZVODNJU BIOGORIVA U HRVATSKOJ AGRICULTURAL AREAS AVAILABLE FOR BIOFUEL PRODUCTION IN CROATIA Franjo Tomi, Tajana Krika UPRAVLJANJE TOPLINSKIM STRESOM U MLIJENIH KRAVA MANAGEMENT OF HEAT STRESS IN DAIRY COWS Germano Brajkovi, Davor Perki SAPROBIOLOKA OCJENA KVALITETE VODE RIJEKE VARDAR U R. MAKEDONIJI NA OSNOVU BIOINDIKATORSKIH VRSTA RIBA SAPROBIOLOGICAL WATER QUALITY EVELUATION OF THE RIVER VARDAR IN THE R. MACEDONIA ACCORDING TO BIOINDIKATORY TYPE OF FISH Rodne Nastova-Djordjioska UTJECAJ KVALITETE KRMIVA NA PROIZVODNOST I ZDRAVLJE MLIJENIH KRAVA THE EFFECTS OF FORAGE QUALITY ON PRODUCTION AND HEALTH IN DAIRY COWS Vajda V., Maskaov I. TANINI U HRANIDBI PREIVAA TANNINS IN RUMINANT NUTRITION Andrej Lavreni PRIRAST MLAI KALIFORNIJSKE PASTRVE (Oncorhynchus mykiss) U OVISNOSTI OD SADRAJA SLOBODNE UGLJINE KISELINE U VODI GROWTH RATE OF THE RAINBOW TROUT`S FRY (Oncorhynchus mykiss) DEPENDENCE ON CONTENTS OF FREE CARBONIC ACID IN THE WATER Samir Muhamedagi, Salko Muratovi KONTROLA ENERGETSKOG BALANSA U SUHOSTAJU, KLJU USPJEHA U PROIZVODNJI MLIJENIH KRAVA ENERGY BALANCE CONTROL IN TRANSITION, A KEY TO SUCCESS IN DAIRY PRODUCTION Andrea Formigoni RAZVOJ VETERINARSTVA U HRVATSKOJ DEVELOPMENT OF VETERINARY MEDICINE IN CROATIA Vesna Vuevac Bajt SIGURNOST KRMIVA KAO UVJET ZDRAVSTVENE ISPRAVNOSTI HRANE NA TRITU SAFETY OF AN ANIMAL FOOD AS A CONDITION FOR SANITARY VALIDITY OF A FOOD ON A MARKET Kozainski, L., M. Hadiosmanovi, . Cvrtila Fleck, N. Zdolec, I. Filipovi SADRAJ KONJUGIRANE LINOLNE KISELINE NA HRANJIVE TVARI I HRANU PROIZVEDENU KONVENCIONALNIM NAINOM I MIKROVALNIM ZAGRIJAVANJEM CONJUGATED LINOLEIC ACID CONTENT OF FEEDING STUFFS AND FOODS PRODUCED BY CONVENTIONAL AND MICROWAVE HEAT TREATMENT Salamon, R.V., Lki, K., Salamon, Sz., Csap-Kiss, Zs., Csap J.
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SOFTACID NOVI, EFIKASNI I SIGURAN KONCEPT ZA PROIZVODNJU STONE HRANE BAZIRAN NA ZATIENIM ORGANSKIM KISELINAMA SOFTACID A NEW, EFFICIENT AND SAFE CONCEPT FOR THE FEED MARKET BASED ON PROTECTED ACIDS Jakubowski, H. UTJECAJ GNOJIDBE NA UROD, KEMIJSKI SASTAV I HRANIDBENU VRIJEDNOST KLIPA I ZRNA KUKURUZA INFLUENCE OF FERTILIZATION ON YIELD, CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND NUTRITIVE VALUE OF MAIZE COB AND GRAIN Marija Vukobratovi, Nataa Pinti-Pukec, Vesna Samobor, . Vukobratovi, V. Pinti, . Kalember TROVANJE GOVEDA OTRODLAKAVIM IROM (Amaranrthus Retroflexus) POISONING IN CATTLE ASSOCIATED WITH INGESTION OF REDROOT PIGWEED (Amaranrthus Retroflexus) CASE REPORT Zadnik, T, Stari J, Jeek J, Klinkon M, Cigler T UTJECAJ HRANIDBE NA KOLIINU I SASTAV MLIJEKA NA MLIJENOJ FARMI SREDNJE GOSPODARSKE KOLE U KRIEVCIMA INFLUENCE OF FEEDING ON MILK COMPOSITION ON CATTLE FARM OF KRIEVCI SECONDARY AGRICULTURAL SCHOOL D. ukli.,Tatjana Jelen., F.Poljak., J.Crni UTJECAJ NAINA DRANJA I SEZONE NA SASTAV MASNIH KISELINA MLIJEKA U SLOVENIJI THE INFLUENCE OF REARING REGIME AND SEASON ON MILK FATTY ACID COMPOSITION IN SLOVENIA Mojca Volj, Alenka Levart, Andrej Lavreni, Janez Salobir UTJECAJ SUBKLINIKE KETOZE NA DNEVNU KOLIINU I SASTAV MLIJEKA SLOVENSKIH HOLSTEIN KRAVA EFFECT OF SUBCLINICAL KETOSIS ON DAILY MILK YIELD AND MILK COMPONENTS OF SLOVENIAN HOLSTEIN V. Gantner, K. Potonik, S. Jovanovac, N. Ragu UINAK PASTERIZACIJE NA MIKROBIOLOKU KAKVOU MLIJENIH PROIZVODA RESEARCH OF EFFECT OF PASTEURIZ ATION ON MICROBIOLOGICAL PICTURE OF MILK PRODUCTS A. Maher, M. Janekovi, M. Volk EKONOMIKA PROIZVODNJE MLIJEKA NA POLJOPRIVREDNIM GOSPODARSTVIMA ISTONE HRVATSKE ECONOMIC PRODUCTION OF MILK ON FARMS IN EASTERN CROATIA Zmai, K., Sudari, T., Lonari, R. UTJECAJ KRUPNOE MLJEVENJA I TIPA ENDOSPERMA NA RUMINALNU IN VITRO PROBAVLJIVOST KROBA EFFECT OF PARTICLE SIZE AND ENDOSPERM TYPE ON RUMINAL IN VITRO DIGESTIBILITY OF STARCH Ki, G., Grbea, D., Kljak K. ANAEROBNA FERMENTACIJA KRAVLJEG GNOJA, SILAE I SJENAE ANAEROBIC FERMENTATION OF COW MANURE, SILAGE AND HAY Neven Voa, Tajana Krika, Vanja Janui
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EKONOMINOST RADA MLINA EKIARA PRI USITNJAVANJU KUKURUZA I SOJINE SAME ECONOMICAL LABOUR OF HAMMERMILS IN THE CASE OF GRINDING OF CORN AND SOYABEAN PELLETS Vlado Kuec, Silvije Jerinovi, Stjepan Pliesti FIZIKALNE OSOBINE PRAINE U PROIZVODNJI KRMNIH SMJESA PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF GRAIN DUST IN FEED PRODUCTION Stjepan Pliesti, Dubravko Filipovi, Nadica Dobrievi,Sandra Voa, Vlado Kuec KEMIJSKI SASTAV I IN VITRO PROBAVLJIVOST DIJELOVA BILJKE EST HIBRIDA KUKURUZA CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND IN VITRO DIGESTIBILITY OF DIFFERENT PARTS OF MAIZE PLANT Grbea, D., Svenjak Z., Ki. G. KRMNA VRIJEDNOST SMJESE OZIMOG GRAKA I PENICE U RAZLIITIM ROKOVIMA KONJE FORAGE VALUE OF WINTER PEA/WHEAT MIXTURE AT DIFFERENT CUTS Mirko Stjepanovi, Ranko Gantner, Svetislav Popovi, Tihomir upi, Mladen Kneevi, Marina Vrani MINERALNI SASTAV ZELENE MASE I SIJENA SA PODRUJA DIVIBARA MINERAL COMPOSITION OF THE GREEN MASS AND HAY FROM DIVCIBARE REGION Milena P. Krsti, Radmila Markovi, D.efer, Z.Sinovec UTJECAJ GNOJIDBE DUIKOM, VREMENA KONJE I DOSIJAVANJA NA PRODUKTIVNOST PRIRODNOG TRAVNJAKA SIGNIFICANCE OF NITROGEN FERTILIZER, TIME MOWING AND UNDERSOWING ON THE PRODUCTION OF NATURAL GRASSLAND ivi H., Alibegovi-Grbi Senija, Bezdrob M. SADRAJ D-TRIPTOFANA U ALKALNO PROBAVLJENOM MESNOM BRANU D-TRYPTOPHAN CONTENTS OF ALKALINE DIGESTED MEAT FLOURS Lki, K., Kalambura, S., Mndoki, Zs., Kricka, T., Pohn G., Albert, Cs., Csap-Kiss, Zs., Csap, J. SEPARACIJA I ODREIVANJE SELENOAMINOKISELINA U HRANI I KRMIVIMA POMOU IONSKO-IZMJENJIVAKE KROMATOGRAFIJE SEPARATION AND DETERMINATION OF SELENOAMINO ACIDS IN FOODS AND FEEDING STUFFS BY ION-EXCHANGE CHROMATOGRAPHY Zs. Mndoki, Cs. Albert, G. Pohn, Sz. Salamon, Zs. Csap-Kiss, J. Csap FIZIKALNO-KEMIJSKE KARAKTERISTIKE FOSFATA U KRMIVIMA KAO KRITERIJ NJIHOVE KLASIFIKACIJE PHYSICO-CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTIC OF FODDER PHOSPHATES AS A CRITERION OF THEIR CLASSIFICATION Dorota Jamroz, Z. Wzorek, Agnieszka Gajda-Janiak, Z. Kowalski OCJENA KVALITETE KRMNIH FOSFATA NA TEMELJU NJIHOVOG KEMIJSKOG SASTAVA I TOPLJIVOSTI EVALUATION OF THE FODDER PHOSPHATES QUALITY ON THE BASIS OF THEIR CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND SOLUBILITY Agnieszka Gajda-Janiak, Dorota Jamroz, Z. Wzorek
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DUGORONI NADZOR HOMOGENOSTI KRMNIH SMJESA OD STRANE DRAVNIH TIJELA LONG-TERM MONITORING OF HOMOGENEITY OF COMPOUND FEED IN THE GOVERNMENT SUPERVISION Sawomir Walczyski, Waldemar Korol POTREBA STANDARDIZIRANJA EKSTRAHIRANOG SJEMENJA ULJANE REPICE KAO NUSPROIZVODA U PROIZVODNJI BIOGORIVA THE NEED FOR STANDARDIZATION OF RAPESEED EXPELLER AS A BY-PRODUCT FROM BIO-FUELS PRODUCTION Grayna Bielecka, Jolanta Rubaj, Waldemar Korol KOMPARACIJA ELISA I TLC/HPLC METODA ZA ODREIVANJE ZEA I OTA U ITARICAMA I KRMI COMPARISON BETWEEN ELISA AND TLC/HPLC METHODS FOR DETEMINATION OF ZEARALENON AND OCHRATOXIN A IN FOOD AND FEED Maja egvi Klari, Stjepan Pepeljnjak, Zdenka Cvetni, Ivan Kosalec MOGUNOSTI ODREIVANJA SELENOAMINO KISELINA U HRANI I HRANJIVIM SASTOJCIMA POMOU TEKUINSKE KROMATOGRAFIJE POSSIBILITIES OF LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION OF SELENOAMINO ACIDS AND ITS FOOD AND FEEDING STUFF ANALYTICAL ASPECTS Zs. Mndoki, G. Pohn, Cs. Albert, Sz. Salamon, Zs. Csap-Kiss, J. Csap HRANIDBENA VRIJEDNOST UVOZNIH KRMIVA U REPUBLICI MAKEDONIJI NUTRITIVE VALUE OF IMPORTED FEEDSTUFFS IN REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA Cilev G., Palaevski B., Gjorgjievski S., Gjorgovska Nataa, Levkov Vesna REZULTATI SLUBENE KONTROLE HRANE ZA IVOTINJE U PROCJENI RIZIKA OVERVIEW OF THE OFFICIAL CONTROL RESULTS OF FEED FOR THE PURPOSE OF RISK IDENTIFICATION Andrea Gross-Bokovi, Danijela Petrovi, Martina Jurkovi, Sanja Milo, T. Florijani, I. Bokovi KAKVOA SVINJSKIH POLOVICA KRIANACA PIETREN I HEMPIR PASMINE PIG CARCASS QUALITY OF PIETREN AND HAMPSHIRE CROSSBREEDS Tatjana Jelen, D. Mareni, V. Pinti, Nataa Pinti Pukec UTJECAJ VREMENA ODBIA NA PROIZVODNE KARAKTERISTIKE PRASADI I TOVLJENIKA THE INFLUENCE OF AGE OF WEANING ONTO PRODUCTIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF PIGLETS AND PORKERS Gjorgjievski, S., Ana Murgjieva-Mijakova, Violeta Bovarova, Sonja Efremova, M. Trajev, G. Cilev OEKIVANI I OPAENI PRIRASTI IVE VAGE TE KOLIINE KRME POTREBNE UKUPNO, POTROIVE ZA UZDRAVANJE, RASPLOIVE ZA PROIZVODNJU I POLOIVE PRAIIMA EXPECTED AND OBSERVED GROWTH RATES AND THE QUANTITIES OF FEED REQUIRED TOTALLY, CONSUMABLE FOR THE MAINTENANCE, AVAILABLE FOR THE PRODUCTION AND POSSIBLE GIVEN TO PIGLETS M. Sviben UTJECAJ HRANIDBENOG TRETMANA NA KARAKTERISTIKE RASTA SVINJA INFLUENCE OF FEEDING REGIME ON PIG GROWTH CHARACTERISTICS D. Vincek, Ivona urkin, Gordana Kralik, A .Petrievi, U. Baulain, G. Kuec
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KRMIVA 2008
DINAMIKA IN VITRO PROBAVLJIVOSTI KROBA RAZLIITIH HIBRIDA KUKURUZA U TANKOM CRIJEVU SVINJE KINETICS OF IN VITRO DIGESTIBILITY OF STARCH IN SMALL INTESTINE OF PIG Grbea, D., Ki, G., Kljak, K. Grgi, G. UINAK BUTIRATA I EKSTRAKTA Yucca Schidigeri NA KVALITETU KOSTIJU TIJEKOM RASTA PRASADI THE EFFECT OF BUTYRATE AND Yucca Schidigeri EXTRACT ON BONE QUALITY IN DEVELOPING PIGLETS Puzio I., Valverde Piedra J.L., Kapica M., Bieko M., Pawowska M., Kusiska E., Szymaczyk S.E. NUTRITIVNO-TEHNOLOKI POGLED NA UPOTREBU ULJA UZGOJENE CRNJIKE (Nigella sativa) U TOVU PILIA NUTRITIVE AND TECHNOLOGICAL VIEW ON USE OF BLACK SEED (Nigella sativa) OIL IN FATTENING CHICKS Gagi Abdulah, Alibegovi-Zei Fahira, Kavazovi Aida, Piplica Slavica,Crnki azim UINAK ULJA UZGOJENE CRNJIKE (Nigella sativa) NA IMUNOSNI ODZIV PILIA U TOVU THE EFFECT OF BLACK SEED OIL (Nigella sativa) ON THE IMMUNITY RESPONSE OF BROILERS Reidbegovi Emina, Gagi A., Kustura Aida, Goleti T., Kavazovi Aida KLAONIKA VRIJEDNOST ODABRANIH VRSTA PERADI SLAUGHTER VALUES IN THE SELECTED SPECIES OF FEATHERED GAME BIRDS Vladimr Veerek, Nora Mas, Frantiek Vitula, Eva Strakov, Vlasta erman, Pavel Such TOVNA OBILJEJA TEKIH HIBRIDA PURA FATTENING CHARACTERISTICS OF TURKEY HEAVY HYBRIDS Z. krti, Gordana Kralik, Zlata Gajevi, I. Kriek, Danica Hanek UINCI DODAVANJA SEL-PLEX-A U HRANU ZA PILIE NA DEPONIRANJE SELENA U TKIVIMA EFFECTS OF SUPRA-DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION OF CHICKEN DIETS WITH SEL-PLEX ON SELENIUM DEPOSITION IN TISSUES T. Acamovic, G. Bertin UINAK SEL-PLEX-A I VITAMINA E U OBROKU KOKOI NESILICA NA AKUMULACIJU SELENA I VITAMINA E U JAJIMA EFFECT OF SEL-PLEX AND VITAMIN E DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION OF LAYING HENS ON SELENIUM AND VITAMIN E ACCUMULATION IN EGGS I.A. Egorov, N.Y. Chesnokova, E.V. Ivachnick, T.T. Papazyan, P.F. Surai UTJECAJ BILJNOG ADITIVA "ZEOFEED" NA PRODUKTIVNOST NESILICA THE EFFECT OF A HERBAL ADDITIVE "ZEOFEED" ON PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS IN LAYERS Pavel Such, Nora Mas, Eva Strakov, Vlasta erman, Vladimr Veerek UTJECAJ DODATKA TREONINA NA PROIZVODNE REZULTATE TOVNIH PILIA THE EFFECT OF THREONINE SUPPLY ON BROILER PERFORMANCE J. Tossenberger, A. Lemme, G. Gyurcs, L. Babinszky UTJECAJ INDUCIRANOG MITARENJA NA HORMONALNI STATUS IZLUENIH KOKOI NESILICA INFLUENCE OF ARTIFICIAL MOLTING ON HORMONAL STATUS OF AMORTIZING LAYING HENS Natasha Gjorgovska, Kiril Filev, Rossitza Konakchieva
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UTJECAJ DODATKA KONJUGIRANE LINOLNE KISELINE NA SVOJSTVA KOSTIJU TOVNIH PILIA INFLUENCE OF CONJUGATED LINOLEIC ACID SUPPLEMENTATION ON BONE PROPERTIES IN BROILER CHICKENS Jakiewicz T., Puzio I., Bieko M., Sagan A. KOMPARATIVNI PRIKAZ TROKOVA PROIZVODNJE PILEEG MESA KONVENCIONALNOG I MODIFICIRANOG SASTAVA COMPARATIVE OVERVIEW OF COSTS IN PRODUCTION OF CONVENTIONAL AND MODIFIED CHICKEN MEAT I. Kralik, Z. Tolui, Zlata Gajevi, Z. krti, Gordana Kralik KARAKTERISTIKE BIOKEMIJSKOG STATUSA BOSANSKO-HERCEGOVAKE PRAMENKE CARACTERISTICS OF BLOOD BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS IN BOSNIA-HERCEGOVINA'S PRAMENKA BREED SHEEP Hrkovi Amina, Hodi Aida, Hamamdi M., Vegara M., Sari Z., Zahirovi A., Juhas Pai Eva, Krni J. UTJECAJ DODATKA SELENA NA PROIZVODNA SVOJSTVA JANJADI I KONCENTRACIJU HORMONA TITNJAE THE INFLUENCE OF SELENIUM ON LAMBS PRODUCTIVE TRAITS AND CONCENTRATION OF THYROID HORMONES Z. Antunovi, B. Kopi, Marcela peranda, Z. Steiner, Novoselec, J. UTJECAJ PELETIRANE HRANE NA POKAZATELJE KAKVOE MESA NOVOZELANDSKOG BIJELOG KUNIA INFLUENCE OF PELLETED FOOD ON QUALITY INDICATORS FOR NEW ZEALAND WHITE RABBIT MEAT Mevla kandro, A. Tarig, F. aklovica, Bedrija Ali, Fahira Alibegovi-Zei UTJECAJ DODATAKA VLAKNINE NA PROMJENE UVJETA U PROBAVNOM SUSTAVU LABORATORIJSKIH TAKORA THE ADDITION OF FIBRE IN A DIET CHANGE THE CONDITIONS IN THE DIGESTIVE TRACT OF LABORATORY RATS Tatjana Pirman, Andrej Orenik DJELOTVORNOST PROBIOTSKOG PRIPRAVKA PROBIOS 2B U HRANIDBI JARADI EFFICIENCY OF PROBIOTIC PREPARATION PROBIOS 2B IN GOAT KIDS FEEDING Z. Antunovi, Marcela peranda, . Seni, M. Domainovi, J. Novoselec UTJECAJ HRANIDBE NA INDUCIRANO DIJABETINE EKSPERIMENTALNE IVOTINJE THE INFLUENCE OF NUTRITION ONTO INDUCED DIABETIC EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS Gjorgjievski, S., R.Prodanov, Radmila reva-Nikolovska POSJEENOST SUNCOKRETA (Helianthus Annuus L.) MEDONOSNOM PELOM (Apis Mellifera Carnica) U AGRO-EKO SUSTAVU BARANJE ATTENDANCE OF SUNFLOWER (Helianthus Annuus L.) BY HONEY BEE (Apis Mellifera Carnica) IN AGRO-ECO SYSTEM OF BARANJA COUNTY Luai, R., Pukadija, Z., Florijani, T., Opaak, A., Bogut I., Bokovi, I., Jelki, D. UTJECAJ EKOLOKIH IMBENIKA NA RAD PASA PO KRVNOM TRAGU THE IMPACT OF ECOLOGICAL FACTORS ON WORK OF BLOOD HOUNDS Bokovi, I., Florijani, T., Opaak, A., Tucak, Z., Pukadija, Z., Andrea Gross-Bokovi
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KRMIVA 2008
BABY C4, GLICERIDI MASLANE KISELINE BABY C4, BUTYRIC ACID GLYCERIDES Johan van der Elsen UINAK PRIMJENE MANANOLIGOSAHARIDA U TOVU DUIASTE PASTVE (Oncorhynchus mykiss) EFFECTS OF MANNAN-OLIGOSACCHARIDES IN FEEDING OF RAINBOW TROUT (Oncorhynchus mykiss) J. Pavlievi, N. Fijan, T. peranda, S. Ivankovi, I. Bogut REZIME BUDUIH IZAZOVA EU REGULATIVE NA PODRUJU HRANE ZA IVOTINJE PERSPEKTIVA OVE INDUSTRIJSKE GRANE OVERVIEW ON FUTURE CHALLENGES FOR EU FEED LEGISLATION Doering A.
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KRMIVA 2008 UPORABA LJEKOVITE HRANE U OKVIRU ZAKONA EUROPSKE UNIJE U REPUBLICI EKOJ THE USAGE OF MEDICATED FEED UNDER EUROPEAN RULES IN CZECH REPUBLIC
Prof. MVDr. Alfred Hera, CSc., MVDr. Vra Billov SUMMARY The use of medicated feedingstuffs in the Czech Republic belongs among important ways of application of veterinary medicinal products and is essential in providing of the veterinary health care. Regulatory and control system of the manufacture of medicated feedingstuffs in the Czech Republic has been introduced according to the rules established in the European and Czech legal provisions. Medicated premixes (MP) are defined by the Directive 2001/82/EC on veterinary medicinal products and 90/167/EC on medicated feedingstuffs (MF); and according the principles of harmonisation also in the Czech legal provisions namely in the new Act on pharmaceuticals No 378/2007 Coll. Newly established join group consisting of the Municipal Veterinary Administrations, ISCVBM (Institute for State Control of Veterinary Biologicals and Medicaments) and CISTA (Central Institute for Testing in Agriculture) ensures the system of inspection of the use of VMP, especially in food-producing animals. Consumption of antimicrobial substances in veterinary medicine has the downward trends in correlation with the requirements of the antibiotic policy (2006 - 99.86 tons; 2007 87.95 tons). Special attention should be paid to the increase of the cephalosporin consumption, which should be governed with regard to importance of the III. and IV. generation of cephalosporins for human medicine and with regard to the prudent use, which has been established for the veterinary medicinal products containing active substances belonging to this pharmacological group. Increase of the consumption of antimicribial veterinary medicinal product in pharmaceutical form premix represents serious issue (2006 26 580 tons; 2007 34 825.9 tons). It is essential,that veterinarians should rather prescribe other pharmaceutical forms than premixes especially due to more precise and accurate dosing and in that way ensuring of therapeutical dose in individual animals. It is necessary to be aware of the risks, which are connected with the use of medicinal products in animal husbandry and can have impact on safety of food for human consumption. Therefore any abuse of veterinary medicinal products used as medicated feedingstuffs or inaccurate use of medicated feedingstuffs will lead to the cardinal increase of the pressure, which will be targeted on the reducing of such application form.
EUROPSKI I EKI PROPISI O HRANI I NJIHOV POLOAJ U SUSTAVU SIGURNOSTI HRANE EUROPEAN AND CZECH LEGISLATION IN THE AREA OF FEEDINGSTUFFS AND THEIR POSITION IN FOOD SAFETY SYSTEM
Dr. Jaroslav Staa, Mgr. Petr Vaculk, KZZ Brno, Czech Republic The legislation of feedingstuff safety is inseparable part of food and feedingstuff safety system in the whole process of their production, distribution and consumption. Basic provisions are set up in EU Regulations of Council and Parliament, so called hygiene package, primarily Regulation No 178/2002 European Law Act, Regulation No 882/2004 on Official Control and Regulation No 183/2005 on Food Hygiene. The basic principals of European law according these regulations are following: The producer is responsible for safety production and he is obliged to commensurate measures and to establish sufficient system of internal control his/her establishment. Relevant national state authority supervises efficiency, completeness and effectivity of producer control system Frequency and orientation of control is managed by risk analyse National legal provision of the Czech Republic the act No 91/1996 on feedingstuff, as amended as well as two its implementing decrees are fully harmonized with EU legislation
KRMIVA 2008 EUROPSKA I EKA REGULATIVA NA PODRUJU STOARSKE PROIZVODNJE - PRAVNI ASPEKTI UVOENJA SLUBENE KONTROLE EUROPEAN AND CZECH LEGISLATION IN THE AREA OF ANIMAL PRODUCTION; LEGAL ASPECTS OF OFFICIAL CONTROL IMPLEMENTATION
JUDr. Jana Tkikov, PhD.
The regulation No 882/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council on official controls performed to ensure the verification of compliance with feed and food law, animal health and animal welfare rules defines the European Community's duties as regards the organisation of these controls, as well as the rules which must be respected by the national authorities responsible for carrying out the official controls. On the other hand there still exists some specialities in implementation of control and supervision within every country including animal production control. The control system of animal production in the Czech Republic is handled by a few legal acts, which should ensure food and feed safety at all.
POGAA ULJANE REPICE U HRANIDBI KOKOI NESILICA RAPE SEED OIL-CAKE IN LAYERS NUTRITION
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Janjei, Z, 1Muic, S. 1Pintar, J., 1Bedekovi, D. 2Voa, N., 1najder, N.
SAETAK Pogaa uljane repice, kao glavni sporedni proizvod pri proizvodnji ulja godinama predstavlja veliki izazov istraivaima i nutricionistima glede njene uporabe u hranidbi kokoi nesilica. Cilj ovog istraivanja bio je utvrditi utjecaj 8 i 16 % pogae uljane repice domaeg kultivara Bristol u krmnim smjesama na proizvodna svojstva kokoi nesilica. U pokusu je koriteno 90 kokoi Hrvatica u periodu od 20. tjedna do 44. tjedna nesivosti. Kokoi su bile rasporeene u 30 kaveza sa po tri kokoi u svakom. Hranidba kokoi s 8 i 16 %-im udjelom pogae uljane repice nije imala (p>0.05) negativan utjecaj na broj i prosjenu masu jaja te prosjenu nesivost kokoi. Kod kokoi hranjenih s krmnom smjesom u kojoj je repiina pogaa zastupljena 16 % zabiljeen je najvii mortalitet (10 %), to je u povezano sa znaajno (p<0.05) manjim ukupnim brojem sneenih jaja tijekom istraivanja. Kod skupine kokoi koje su hranjene s krmnom smjesom u kojoj je repiina pogaa zastupljena s 16 % zabiljeen je najvei utroak krmne smjese po kilogramu jajane mase i prosjeno po jednom jajetu. 16 % pogae uljane repice u krmnoj smjesi dovelo je do neto veih vrijednosti glede vrstoe ljuske, visine bjelanjka, boje umanjka i Haugh jedinica, no te razlike nisu bile znaajne (p>0.05). Prosjene ocjene za miris, okus, boju i opu ocjenu jaja u skupini kokoi hranjenih s 16 % pogae uljane repice u krmnoj smjesi bile su nie u odnosu na ostale tretmane. Iz svega gore navedenoga vidljivo je da se pogae uljane repice dobivene iz sjemena uljane repice domaih kultivara Bristol moe preporuiti u udjelu od 8 % u krmnim smjesama za kokoi nesilice. Kljune rijei: pogaa uljane repice, hranidba, kokoi nesilice
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doc. dr. sc. Zlatko Janjei1, prof. dr. sc. Stjepan Muic1, doc. dr. sc. Jasna Pintar1, Dalibor Bedekovi1, dipl.ing., najder Nikola1, dipl. ing., Zavod za hranidbu domaih ivotinja; 2 dr. sc. Neven Voa, Zavod za poljoprivrednu tehnologiju, skladitenje i transport, Agronomski fakultet Sveuilita u Zagrebu, Hrvatska.
KRMIVA 2008
ABSTRACT Rape seed oil-cake, as the main by-product in the production of has represented a great challenge to all researches and nutritionist for years related to its use in the feeding process of laying hens. The main goal of this research was to establish the influence of 8 and 16 % rape seed oil-cake of domestic cultivar Bristol in food mixture to the production quality of laying hens. While conducting the experiment, 90 Croatian hens have been used, in period of 20th to 44th weeks of egg production. Hens have been sorted out in 30 cages, 3 of them in each cage. The diet of respective hens with 8 and 16 % portion of rape seed oil-cake has no negative (p>0.05) influence on the number, average egg mass and average egg production. The highest mortality (10%) has been recorded with hens feed with rape seed oil-cake of 16 %, which is in the same group of hens related with significantly (p<0.05) less total number of laid eggs during the conduct of experiment. The group feed with 16 % recorded the highest consumption of food mixture per kilo of egg mass and in average per one egg. Rape seed oil-cake of 16 % resulted in slightly higher value respective of shell hardness, height of albumen, colour of egg yolk, and Haugh unit. Still, respective differences were not significant (p>0.05). Average marks for smell, taste, colour and general mark for eggs in the group of hens feed with rape seed oil-cake of 16 % were lower compared to other treatments. Taking into consideration above mentioned, it can be concluded that the rape seed oil-cake made out of seed of seed cake of domestic cultivar Bristol can be recommended to be used in the portion of 8 % in food mixture for laying hens. Key words: rape seed oil-cake, feeding process, laying hens
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doc. dr. sc. Zlatko Janjei, Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture University of Zagreb, Croatia; phone ++385 1 239 3951, fax. ++385 1 239 3932; e-mail: zjanjecic@agr.hr
UTJECAJ REPIINOG ULJA U OBROKU NA KVALITATIVNA SVOJSTVA MIINOG TKIVA SVINJA EFFECT OF DIETARY RAPESEED OIL ON PIG MEAT QUALITY TRAITS
G. Kuec, Gordana Kralik, V. Margeta, Ivona urkin, Danica Hanek SAETAK Istraivanje je provedeno na 36 svinja, krianaca velikog jorkira i njemakog landrasa, podijeljenih u 3 jednake skupine prema hranidbenim tretmanima. Hranidbeni tretmani bili su razliiti s obzirom na razinu dodanog repiinog ulja. Kontrolna skupina nije sadravala repiino ulje, dok su pokusne skupine sadravale 3% (A), odnosno 6% repiinog ulja (B). Svinje su zaklane pri ivoj teini od 1003 kg te je 45 minuta post mortem izmjerena inicijalna pH vrijednost (pH45). Nakon 24h hlaenja svinjske polovice izmjeren je zavrni pH (pH24) te su utvreni slijedei pokazatelji kvalitete mesa: boja miia i boja slanine (Gfo vrijednost), sposobnost vezanja vode (Sp.v.v.) i konzistencija. Utvrene su statistiki znaajne razlike (p<0,05) izmeu kontrolne i pokusnih skupina u zavrnim pH vrijednostima koje su bile poeljnije u kontrolnoj skupini svinja. Osim toga, pokusne skupine A i B imale su statistiki znaajno vee vrijednosti (p<0,05) izmjerene za boju lene slanine od kontrolne skupine, to govori da je masno tkivo iz pokusnih skupina bilo tamnije od uzoraka mjerenih na polovicama kontrolne skupine svinja. Unato poeljnijim vrijednostima pH24, kontrolna je skupina imala statistiki znaajno manju (p<0,05) sposobnost vezanja vode od pokusne skupine A, dok izmeu pokusne skupine B te kontrolne skupine i skupine A nisu utvrene statistiki znaajne razlike (p>0,05). Izgleda da promijenjeni izvori masti iz obroka nisu utjecali na konzistenciju miinog tkiva istraivanih svinja. Kljune rijei: svinja, repiino ulje, svojstva kvalitete mesa SUMMARY Present study was conducted on 36 pigs (LWxGL) divided into 3 equal groups according to feeding treatments which differed in level of rapeseed oil. In the diet of control group there was no addition of the rapeseed oil, while the diets of experimental groups contained 3% and 6% of rapeseed oil, respectively. Pigs were slaughtered at 1003 kg of live weight and 45 minutes post mortem initial pH (pH45) was determined. After 24h of cooling final pH (pH24) was measured and following meat quality traits were determined: muscle and backfat colour (Gfo value), water holding capacity and consistency. Between the control and experimental groups of pigs, statistically significant differences (p<0.05) were found in ultimate pH values which were more favourable in the control group. Experimental groups A and B had statistically significant higher values (p<0.05) measured for backfat colour than the control. This means that fatty tissue from experimental groups was darker than those measured in the carcasses from control group of pigs. Despite more favourable pH24 values, control group had significantly lower (p<0.05) water holding capacity than group A, while experimental group B did not differ statistically (p>0.05) from control group and experimental group A. Consistency of the meat seems not to be affected by the changes in fat source from the diets fed to the investigated pigs. Key words: pig, rapeseed oil, meat quality traits ______________________________
Prof.dr.sc. Goran Kuec, prof.dr.sc.dr.h.c. Gordana Kralik, mr.sc. Vladimir Margeta i Ivona urkin, dipl.in. - Poljoprivredni fakultet, Sveuilite Josipa Jurja Strossmayera u Osijeku, Zavod za specijalnu zootehniku, Trg sv. Trojstva 3, 31000 Osijek, Hrvatska, gkusec@pfos.hr
KRMIVA 2008 IVE STANICE I KULTURE KVASCA U HRANIDBI PREIVAA LIVE YEAST CELLS AND CULTURES IN RUMINANT NUTRITION
Tomislav Maek, eljko Mikulec Zavod za hranidbu domaih ivotinja SAETAK Poznavanje kvasca kao probiotika u hranidbi preivaa znatno je napredovalo u posljednjih dvadesetak godina. Rezultat toga je stvaranje velikog broja komercijalnih pripravaka baziranih na ivim kulturama ili ivim stanicama kvasca. Poduzeti su znaajni napori kako bi se razjasnili mehanizmi djelovanja kvasca u buragu i interakcija s bakterijama i protozoama, ali i jasnije definirale hranidbene situacije u kojima je pojedini pripravak djelotvoran. Usprkos velikom broju istraivanja koja su definitivno potvrdila poboljanje proizvodnosti preivaa nakon tretmana kvascem rezultati su vrlo varijabilni i teko predvidivi. Glavni uzroci proizlaze iz razliite djelotvornosti pripravaka, ali i velikog broja imbenika o kojima ovisi ekosustav buraga, a time i probava preivaa. Ovaj rad e istraiti trenutno poznate mehanizme djelovanja kvasca kao i njihovo meudjelovanje te razinu utjecaja na proizvodnju mlijeka preivaa. Kljune rijei: kulture kvasca, mehanizam djelovanja, preivai, proizvodnja mlijeka, stanice kvasca ABSTRACT Understanding of yeast as a probiotic in ruminant nutrition advanced during the last twenty years. The result is development of a large number of commercial products that are based on live yeast cultures or live yeast cells. Intense research efforts have been conducted to clarify the mode of action of yeast in rumen and interaction with bacteria and protozoa as well as to define dietary situations in which certain product is effective. Despite large number of trials that confirmed the improved productivity of ruminants after yeast treatment, results are very variable and difficult to predict. The basic reasons are differences in product efficiency and a large number of factors that influence rumen ecosystem and consequently ruminant digestion. This paper will examine currently known modes of action of yeast and their interactions as well as the level of influence on production results of dairy ruminants. Keywords: milk production, mode of action, ruminants, yeast culture, yeast cells
UINAK HRANIDBE NA IMUNI ODZIV PTICA INFLUENCE OF NUTRITION ON IMMUNE STATUS OF THE BIRDS
H. Mazija1, Nora Mas2, Vlasta erman2 Veterinarski fakultet Sveuilita u Zagrebu 1 Zavod za bolesti peradi s klinikom 2 Zavod za hranidbu domaih ivotinja
Hranidbom, moe se neposredno djelovati na zdravlje imunosnog sustava ptica. Radi toga hrana mora sadravati sve potrebne bioloki djelatne i hranjive tvari kojima se osigurava prvenstveno razvoj i zdravlje tog sustava te zadovoljavaju metabolike i druge potreba ptica, ovisno o njihovoj biolokoj ili proizvodnoj namjeni. Pored toga hranom se mora omoguiti razvoj, umnaanje i odravanje mikropopulacije probavnog sustava ime se potie euboza. Na razvoj imunosnog sustava djeluje se ve neposredno nakon leenja peradi poticanjem razvoja crijevnih resica i tako bolje resorpcije spomenutih aktivnih tvari. Zdravlje imunosnog sustava temelj je opeg zdravlja pa tako istodobno i temelj proizvodnog uspjeha gospodarski iskoristive peradi. Nedostatak nutrijenata moe mijenjati funkciju imunosnog sustava i to uglavnom u negativnom smislu, iako je esto sukladan tehnolokim postupcima uzgoja peradi. Nain na koji djeluju ukljuuje razliite mehanizme bilo specifine ili nespecifine obrane.
KRMIVA 2008 SUSTAV INTERPRETACIJE REZULTATA ANALIZE HRANE PREMA INTERLABORATORIJSKIM USPOREDBAMA A SYSTEM OF FEED ANALYSIS RESULTS INTERPRETATION ON THE BASE OF INTER-LABORATORY COMPARISONS
Waldemar Korol, Jolanta Rubaj, Grayna Bielecka National Research Institute of Animal Production in Cracow, National Feed Laboratory in Lublin, Poland
The aim of the paper was to evaluate the uncertainty of feed analysis results on the base of inter-laboratory comparisons (ILC) and proficiency testing (PT) as well as using obtained uncertainties for the creation of an interpretation system for feed analysis results and feed quality evaluation. The ILC and PT were conducted with participation of Polish laboratories, including laboratories for feed control and supervision (Veterinary Hygiene Laboratories). The results of four PTs and four ILCs conducted in 2004-2007 were evaluated. The expanded uncertainty was calculated as a double relative standard deviation of reproducibility. The expanded uncertainty for method analysis of nutrients (moisture, crude ash, crude protein, crude fat, crude fat after acidic hydrolysis, crude fiber, starch and sugar), minerals (chlorides, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium), some feed additives (iron, manganese, zinc, copper, selenium, vitamin A, vitamin E, tryptophane and etoxyquin) and fluorine were calculated. Obtained expanded uncertainties were similar in the most cases to those used by German and Hungarian laboratories in the frame of feed control and supervision. The manner proposed for calculation of the uncertainty can be used for the interpretation of analytical results and for the evaluation of permitted levels of undesirable substances in feed as well as for evaluation of nutrients and feed additives in feeding stuffs. Key words: inter-laboratory comparison, result of feed analysis, uncertainty, interpretation
RAZLIKE U SADRAJU HRANJIVIH TVARI U POJEDINIM SORTAMA ULJNE REPICE VARIABILITY IN NUTRIENT COMPOSITION AMONG RAPESEED VARIETIES
Eva Strakov, Nora Mas, Pavel Such, Vlasta erman, Vladimr Veerek SAETAK Istraivanje je provedeno s ciljem da se ukae na razlike u hranjivom i bioloki djelatnom sastavu pojedinih sorti uljane repice. Pozornost je posebno posveena sadraju duinih tvari i aminokiselina, s ciljem da se uljana repica iskoristi i kao odgovarajui izvor bjelanevina u hranidbi farmskih ivotinja. U ovom radu navedeni su rezultati vlastitih istraivanja 26 sorti uljane repice, etva 2006. Za objektivnu meusobnu usporedbu analiziranih sorti, sadraj pojedinanih tvari, ukljuujui aminokiseline izraen je u 100 % suhe tvari. Kod analiziranih sorta uljane repice koliina pojedinanih sastojaka kretala se u 100% suhe tvari u rasponu: bjelanevine 203,6 238,0 g/kg, masti: 314,9 422,0 g/kg, masti nakon hidrolize: 441,7 508,5 g/kg, sirova vlaknina 172,1 238,7 g/kg, ADF 111,3 149, 6 g/kg, ADL 38,6 67,8 g/kg, NDF 243,4 315,3 g/kg, NET 137,7 203,7 g/kg, krob 32,5 40,4 g/kg, organske tvari 951,3 958,9 g/kg, pepeo 41,1 48,7 g/kg, kalcij 4,6 6,7 g/kg, fosfor 6,5 8,6 g/kg, magnezij 2,0 3,5 g/kg i bruto energija 27,6 28,6 MJ/kg. Na temelju rezultata analize aminokiselina moe se zakljuiti da su razlike u sadraju aminokiselina kod pojedinanih sorta uljane repice vrlo velike. Kod analiziranih sorta uljane repice varijabilnost izraena u 100% suhe tvari uzorka iznosila je: asparaginska kiselina 10,0 16,9 g/kg, treonin 5,5 10, 0 g/kg, serin 5,6 9,9 g/kg, glutaminska kiselina 23,4 38,2 g/kg, prolin 1,8 16,4 g/kg, glicin 6,5 12,2 g/kg, alanin 3,2 11,0 g/kg, valin 7,8 12,5 g/kg, metionin 1,6 4,4 g/kg, izoleucin 5,7 9,5 g/kg, leucin 9,9 16,7 g/kg, tirozin 4,1 6,6 g/kg, fenilalanin 5,8 9,7 g/kg, histidin 4,0 6,5 g/kg, lizin 10,1 14,6 g/kg, arginin 10,2 16,9 g/kg. Na temelju rezultata analiza provedenih u ovom istraivanju moe se zakljuiti da se sadraj hranjivih tvari u razliitim sortama uljane repice meusobno ne razlikuje znaajno. Naprotiv, rezultati analiza aminokiselina ukazuju na znaajne razlike meu pojedinim sortama uljane repice.
Ovaj rad dio je istraivalakog projekta po nazivom Veterinarski aspekti sigurnosti i kakvoe hrane (broj MSM6215712402) finansiranog od Ministarstva Education, Youth, and Physical Training eke republike.
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Prof. dr. sc. Pavel Such, Prof. dr. sc. Eva Strakov, Zavod za hranidbu, zootehniku i zoohigijenu, Fakultet za veterinarsku higijenu i ekologiju, Veterinarsko i farmaceutsko sveuilite Brno, eka republika., Prof. dr. sc. Vladimr Veerek; Zavod za veterinarsko javno zdravstvo, Fakultet za veterinarsku higijenu i ekologiju, Veterinarsko i farmaceutsko sveuilite Brno, eka republika. Prof. dr. sc. Nora Mas, Prof. dr. sc. Vlasta erman, Zavod za hranidbu, Veterinarski fakultet Sveuilita u Zagrebu, Hrvatska
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KRMIVA 2008
SUMMARY The experimental part of this study attempted to show variability in basic substances contained in seeds including amino acids among several varieties of winter rape. Attention was particularly focussed on the levels of nitrogen-containing substances and amino acids in order to find out whether rapeseed would be used as a suitable source of a protein diet for farm animals. The work provides the results of analyses of 26 species of winter rapeseed harvested in 2006. The levels of individual substances including amino acids are related to 100% of dry matter to allow the objective comparison of individual analysed varieties. The levels of substances analysed in winter rapeseed varieties (related to 100% dry matter) varied as follows: proteins 203.6 238.0 g/kg, fat 314.9 422.0 g/kg, fat following hydrolysis 441.7 508.5 g/kg, fibre - 172.1 238.7 g/kg, ADF - 111.3 149.6 g/kg, ADL - 38.6 67.8 g/kg, NDF 243.4 315.3 g/kg, nitrogenfree extracted substances 137.7 203.7 g/kg, starch 32.5 40.4 g/kg, organic mass 951.3 958.9 g/kg, ash 41.1 48.7 g/kg, calcium 4.6 6.7 g/kg, phosphorus 6.5 8.6 g/kg, magnesium - 2.0 3.5 g/kg, and gross energy - 27.6 28.6 MJ/kg. Aminoanalysis shows that individual rapeseed varieties differ significantly by the amino acids content which confirms qualitative differences in protein composition among individual varieties. We found variability in individual amino acids among the rapeseed varieties investigated (related to 100% of dry matter in a sample): aspartic acid - 10.0 16.9 g/kg, threonine - 5.5 10.0 g/kg, serine - 5.6 9.9 g/kg, glutamic acid - 23.4 38.2 g/kg, proline - 1.8 16.4 g/kg, glycine - 6.5 12.2 g/kg, alanine - 3.2 11.0 g/kg, valine - 7.8 12.5 g/kg, methionine - 1.6 4.4 g/kg, isoleucine - 5.7 9.5 g/kg, leucine - 9.9 16.7 g/kg, tyrosine - 4.1 6.6 g/kg, phenylalanine - 5.8 9.7 g/kg, histidine - 4.0 6.5 g/kg, lysine - 10.1 14.6 g/kg, arginine - 10.2 16.9 g/kg. It follows from the results obtained that the varieties studied showed great variability in the levels of individual amino acids rather than in gross nutrient composition.
This work was part of the Research Plan of the Ministry of Education, Youth, and Physical Training of the Czech Republic No. MSM6215712402 Veterinary aspects of food safety and quality
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Prof. Ing. Eva Strakov, Ph. D., Prof. MVDr. Pavel Such, CSc., Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, Dep. of Nutrition, Zootechnic and Zoohygiene, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, the Czech Republic; Prof. MVDr. Vladimr Veerek, CSc., Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, Dep. of Veterinary Public Health and Toxicology, Universit y of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, the Czech Republic Prof.dr.sc. Nora Mas, DVM., Prof.dr.sc. Vlasta erman, DVM, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Dep. of Animal Nutrition, University of Zagreb, Croatia
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GLOBALNI TRENDOVI U HRANIDBI SVINJA. IZAZOVI I MOGUNOSTI THE GLOBAL TRENDS IN PIG FEEDING AND NUTRITION. CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES
L. Babinszky, J. Tossenberger and Cs. Szab Kaposvr University Department of Animal Nutrition H-7401 Kaposvr, P.O.Box l6, Hungary The following important conclusions can be drawn from the latest global trends outlined in oral presentation: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Providing alternative protein and energy sources for pig feeding will be an important challenge in the forthcoming years. Further studies are required for the purpose of developing alternative solutions to replace growth promoting antibiotics. The impact of climate changes on crop production and consequently on animal nutrition needs to be studied in comprehensive, systematic research programs, and based on their results animal feeding systems should be modified if necessary. The role of molecular nutrition and the immunological role of nutrition for enhancing the efficiency of production will gain importance. The cooperation between nutritionists and geneticists needs to be strengthened in order to satisfy the nutrient requirements more accurately, and thus to improve the profitability of production. New mathematical growth models need to be developed for better production estimates which also incorporate the quality of animal products. The importance of various in vitro techniques will grow in the forthcoming years and the development of newer methods can be expected. The integrated from farm to fork programs will be essential in the production of safe and high quality animal food products. Animal nutrition will play a key role in these product development and monitoring programs. The production of environmentally friendly animal products will become a social imperative. Animal nutrition still has huge unexploited reserves in this field, for instance in the development of novel animal feeding systems and technologies. The practical implementation of precision nutrition can be of great help in achieving these goals.
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KRMIVA 2008 ANTIOKSIDANSI VANOST ZA IVOTINJE I POTROAE ANTIOXIDANTS SIGNIFICANCE FOR ANIMAL AND CONSUMER
Janez Salobir in Tamara Franki
ABSTRACT In physiological conditions mammals produce free radicals (prooxidants), the concentration of which is regulated with antioxidants. When there is a lack of balance between free radicals and antioxidants we talk about oxidative stress, which can be induced by several factors (higher PUFA intake, presence of metal ions and toxins in feed, infections.). Antioxidant supplementation is not beneficial only for the protection of the farm animals alone, but also for the preservation of the nutritional value and flavor of their products. Nevertheless, animal products enriched in antioxidant substances, can be a good source of them for the consumer.
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UTJECAJ RAZLIITIH IZVORA I RAZINA SELENA NA PROIZVODNA OBILJEJA I BIOKEMIJSKE POKAZATELJE U KRVI KONZUMNIH NESILICA INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT SOURCES AND LEVELS OF SELENIUM ON PRODUCTION AND BIOCHEMICAL TRAITS IN BLOOD OF LAYING HENS
Zlata Gajevi1, Gordana Kralik1, Marcela peranda1, Z. krti1, I. Matani2
SAETAK Selen je esencijalni mikroelement potreban ivotinjama za rast i odravanje normalnih biokemijskih funkcija. Deficit selena u ptica, osobito uz paralelni nedostatak vitamina E, uzrokuje pojavu eksudativne dijateze i encefalomalacije, a utvren je i pad otpornosti, smanjenje proizvodnje, oploenosti i valivosti jaja, slabije operjavanje pilia i porast embrionalne smrtnosti. Istraivanjem je obuhvaeno 480 nesilica hibrida Hy Line Brown u dobi od 26. do 30. tjedna, podijeljenih u etiri skupine. Nesilice su bile smjetene u kaveze od po 5 nesilica u svakom i hranjene ad libitum komercijalnom krmnom smjesom sa 18% sirovih bjelanevina i 11,60 MJ ME. Prvoj pokusnoj skupini (P1) u hranu je umijean natrij selenit u koliini 0,2 ppm, drugoj pokusnoj (P2) 0,2 ppm organskog selena, treoj skupini (P3) 0,4 ppm anorganskog selena, a etvrtoj skupini (P4) 0,4 ppm organskog selena (Sel-Plex, Alltech, inc.). Vei broj jaja i intenzitet nesivosti zabiljeen je u skupini s viom razinom selena anorganskog izvora. Biokemijskom pretragom krvnog seruma utvrena je statistiki znaajno vea koncentracija glukoze u krvi nesilica P3 skupine u odnosu na nesilice P1 i P4 pokusne skupine (P<0,05). Nadalje, koncentracija glukoze u krvi nesilica skupina P2 statistiki se znaajno razlikuje (P<0,05) od skupine P1. Vie ukupnih proteina utvreno je u skupini P4 (58,20 gl-1) u odnosu na skupine s dodatkom selena anorganskog podrijetla (P1 55,50 gl-1 i P3 54,32 gl-1) i skupinu s niom razinom organskog selena u hrani (P2 55,98 gl-1). Kljune rijei: nesilice, proizvodna svojstva, anorganski selen, organski selen, biokemijski pokazatelji
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KRMIVA 2008
SUMMARY Selenium is essential trace element needed for animal growth and maintenance of normal biochemical function. Deficiency of selenium in birds, especially with parallel deficit of vitamin E, causes appearance of exudative diathesis and encephalomalacia, immune deficiencies, production decrease, lower fertility and hatchability of eggs, poor feathering and increased embryonic mortality of chicks. The study was conducted on 480 Hy Line Brown hybrid laying hens in the period of 26th 30th week of age. The hens were divided into four groups and housed in cages (5 birds per cage). All birds were fed ad libitum with commercial diet containing 18% of crude protein and 11.60 MJ/kg ME. Into the diets for experimental groups P1 to P4 was added 0.2 ppm of sodium selenit, 0.2 ppm of organic selenium, 0.4 ppm of inorganic selenium and 0.4 ppm of organic selenium (Sel-Plex Alltech, inc.), respectively. Higher number of eggs and laying intensity was found in the group with higher level of inorganic selenium. Biochemical analysis of blood serum showed that experimental group P3 had significantly higher (p<0.05) concentration of glucoses than P1 and P4 groups. Statistically significant differences (P<0.05) in concentration of glucoses were found between experimental groups P2 and P1.Group P4 had higher total protein content (58.20 g.l-1) than groups P1 and P3 with inorganic selenium (55.50 g.l-1 and 54.32 g.l-1, respectively) and group P2 (55.98 g.l-1) with lower levels of organic selenium in the diet. Keywords: laying hens, production traits, inorganic selenium, organic selenium, biochemical indicators
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1 Mr.sc. Zlata Gajevi, prof.dr.sc.dr.h.c. Gordana Kralik, doc.dr.sc. Marcela peranda i doc.dr.sc. Zoran krti Poljoprivredni fakultet, Sveuilite Josipa Jurja Strossmayera u Osijeku, Trg sv. Trojstva 3, 31000 Osijek, Hrvatska, zgajcevic@pfos.hr 2 Ivica Matani, dipl.in., Alltech Croatia, Eisenhutova 3 10000 Zagreb, Hrvatska
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UTJECAJ HRANIDBENIH TRETMANA NA KVALITATIVNA SVOJSTVA MIINOG TKIVA PILIA INFLUENCE OF DIETARY TREATMENTS ON MEAT QUALITY TRAITS OF BROILERS
Ivona urkin, G. Kuec, Gordana Kralik, Zlata Gajevi, Zlata Maltar
SAETAK Istraivanje je provedeno na 28 mukih Ross308 hibrida podijeljenih u etiri hranidbena tretmana u trajanju od est tjedana. U cilju istraivanja utjecaja hranidbenih tretmana na kvalitativna svojstva miinog tkiva, pilii su hranjeni smjesom u koju su dodani 3% sojinog ulja (kontrolna skupina), 3% lanenog ulja (skupina P1), 2,9% lanenog ulja + 0,1% PBE1 (skupina P2) te 2,9% lanenog ulja + 0,1% PBE2 (skupina P3). Pilii su rtvovani u dobi od 42 dana te su 45 minuta post mortem na prsnom miiu uzete mjere inicijalnog pH (pH45) i elektrine provodljivosti (EC45). Boja (izraena kao Hunter L*, Hunter a* i Hunter b*), sposobnost vezanja vode (Sp.v.v.), konzistencija, zavrni pH (pH24) i elektrina provodljivost (EC24) utvreni su 24h nakon klanja. Tekstura mesa (WBSF) utvrena je na lijevoj polovici prsnog miia nakon odmrzavanja pri temperaturi od +4C u trajanju od 24h. Statistikom obradom utvrene su znaajne razlike (p<0,05) izmeu hranidbenih tretmana za slijedea svojstva kvalitete mesa: konzistencija izmeu kontrolne skupine te skupina P1 i P3, te P1 i P2, boja (Hunter b) izmeu pokusnih skupina P2 i P3, tekstura - izmeu kontrolne skupine te skupina P2 i P3 te izmeu skupina P1 i P2. Rezultati istraivanja pokazali su da dodavanje u smjese lanenog ulja, kao zamjene za sojino ulje te kombinacija lanenog ulja i PBE1 i PBE2 pripravaka utjee na pojavu njenijih miinih vlakana u prsnom miiu. Meso skupine P2 imalo je najizraeniju crvenu boju, na to je vjerojatno utjecao primijenjen hranidbeni tretman. Kljune rijei: pilii, hranidbeni tretman, svojstva kvalitete mesa
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KRMIVA 2008
SUMMARY The present study was conducted on 28 Ross308 male hybrids divided into four feeding treatments. In order to investigate influence of the feeding treatments on meat quality traits, broilers were fed with diets composed by adding 3% of soya oil (control group), 3% of linseed oil + 0,1% PBE1 (P2 group) and 2,9% linseed oil + 0,1% PBE2 (P3 group). Broilers were slaughtered at 42 days of age and 45 minutes post mortem measures of initial pH (pH45) and electric conductivity (EC45) were taken. Measures of colour (expressed by Hunter L*, Hunter a* and Hunter b*), water holding capacity, consistency, ultimate pH (pH24) and electric conductivity (EC24) were determined 24 hours post mortem. Meat texture (WBSF) was determined on the left side of the breast muscle after 24 hours of thawing. Statistical analysis showed significant differences (p<0.05) between feeding treatments for following meat quality traits: consistency between control group and P1 and P3 groups and between P1 and P2; colour (Hunter b) between P2 and P3; texture between control group and P2 and P3, and between groups P1 and P2. Results of the study showed that adding of linseed oil as the substitution for soya oil and combination of linseed oil with PBE1 and PBE2 preparations influenced on the appearance of less tender breast muscle fibres. Chicken meat of P2 group had more pronounced redness which was likely influenced by applied dietary treatment. Key words: chicken, feeding treatment, meat quality traits
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Ivona urkin, dipl. ing., prof.dr.sc. Goran Kuec, prof.dr.sc.dr.h.c. Gordana Kralik, mr.sc. Zlata Gajevi, mr.sc. Zlata Maltar Poljoprivredni fakultet Sveuilite Josipa Jurja Strossmayera u Osijeku, Zavod za specijalnu zootehniku, Trg sv. Trojstva 3, HR31000 Osijek, Hrvatska, idurkin@pfos.hr
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UTJECAJ RAZLIITIH RAZINA SIROVIH BJELANEVINA NA PROIZVODNE REZULTATE PILIA U TOVU EFFECT OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF CRUDE PROTEIN ON THE PERFORMANCE OF BROILER
Steiner, Zv., M. Domainovi, Z. Antunovi, . Seni, Marcela peranda i Z. Steiner
SUMMARY
A study was conducted to evaluate crude protein level and low energy supply on broiler production parameters. Six- hundred Ross 308-day-old broiler chicks were divided in three basic group and placed in 3 cages.Treatments consisted of a control diet (220 g/kg CP) formulated to meet NRC (National Research Council, 1994. Nutrient Requirements of Poultry. 9th ed(revised). NationalAcademy Press, Washington), a low crude protein diet (205 g/kg CP), and the third low crude protein diet (190 g/kg CP) with the same ratio 1:135-138 ME and crude protein in starter (first 21 days). Finisher (22 day till end ) control diet consisted 200 g/kg CP, the second diet with low crude protein consisted 185 g/kg CP, and the third diet consisted 170 g/kg CP, with the ratio 1: 158 ME and crude protein. Feed intake tended to decrease with increasing crude protein and energy. Feed conversion (g gain per g feed) improved as crude protein and energy increased. Concentration of creatine, cholesterol and HDL cholesterol in blood serum were significantly diferent (P<0,05) betwen control and third group. The values of research parameters have been statistically processed with a computer program for analysis of the variance (Statistica Stat Soft Inc., 2001).
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KRMIVA 2008 AROMA "CITRUS KOMORA" U TOVU BROJLERA FLAVOUR "CITRUS-FENNEL" IN FEEDING BROILER CHICKEN
M. Safti1, D. otinski2, D. Belorekov2, M. Ignatova2, N. Nikolov3
Ograniavanje koritenja nutritivnih antibiotika za stimuliranje rasta u ishrani ivotinja dovela je od primjene dopunskih krmiva biljnog podrijetla eterinih ulja od zainskog i ljekovitog bilja. Zajednika karakteristika svih biljnih ekstrakata je njihova aroma koja uvjetuje bioloke efekte i to antioksidativna, imunostimulirajua, antimikrobna, antivirusna, kao i jae izluivanje ui i aktivnosti enzima probave. U elitnoj peradarskoj bazi Instituta u Kostinbrodu ispitivan je utjecaj eterinih ulja CITRUS KOMORAA na rast i iskoritenje hranjivih materija kod brojlera. U sistemu ishrane koritene su smjese starter grover i finier sa 300g/tonu dodane arome CITRUS KOMORA. Praen je dnevni prirast, dnevna konzumacija hrane i mortalitet pilia. Nakon pokusa provedena je klaonika analiza mesa, retencija proteina i energije kemijskom analizom, kao i kulinarska priprema mesa. Pokus je pokazao poveanje tjelesne teine brojlera za 5,5%, a utroak stone hrane po kilogramu prirasta smanjen je za 3,1%. Konzumacija stone hrane se poveava za 2,4%. Smanjuje se koliina abdominalne masti brojlera za 15,4%. Poveava se teina gril pakiranja za 7,9% ili 104 grama/pakovanju. Poveava se teina bataka za 2,3%, kao i teina mesa prsa za 11,5% to je posebno znaajno kod konfekcioniranog pileeg mesa. Kulinarska odrada ukazuje na nepromjenjen okus i miris mesa i pripremljenih jela. Input od 1 EURO u proizvodnju kroz CITRUS KOMORA rezultira kroz 6 EURA u outputu, gril pakovanje. Potronja arome CITRUS KOMORA iznosila je 11,25 gr/piliu i to donosi poveanje od 186 gr ive vage/piliu ili 104 gr/gril pakovanju ili 100 pilia potroi 1,12 kg aroma CITRUS KOMORA u vrijednosti od 4,5 EURA i daje 18,60 kg ive vage vie u vrijednosti od oko 25,0 EURA.
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1 2
Mr.sc. Mirko Safti Ireks Aroma, Zagreb Dr.D.otinski,Dr.D.Belorekov,Dr.M.Ignatova,Institut za stoarstvo,Kostinbrod,BG. 3.N.Nikolov Konik Aroma Sofija,Bugarska
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KVALITETA TRUPOVA BROJLERSKIH PILIA COBB 500 I HUBBARD CLASSIC PRI HRANIDBI KRMNIM SMJESAMA S NIOM I VIOM RAZINOM PROTEINA I ENERGIJE CARCASS QUALITY OF COBB 500 AND HUBBARD CLASSIC BROILER CHICKEN IN DIET WITH LOWER AND HIGHER LEVEL OF PROTEIN AND ENERGY IN THE FEED MIXTURE
Nedeljka Nikolova, Zlatica Pavlovski, Niko Miloevi, Lidija Peri
SAETAK
Ocjenjivanje kvalitete brojlerskih trupova sprovedeno je na ukupno 240 pilia dva genotipa Cobb 500 i Hubbard Classic tovljenih do 49 dana. Koriene su dve razliite energetsko-proteinske krmne smjese, a cilj istraivanja je bio utvrditi utjecaj genotipa, spola i hranidbe na kvalitet brojlerskih trupova (masa trupa, randman, mase i udjeli osnovnih djelova trupa), njihove varijance i interakcija. Utvren je statistiki znaajan (P<0,05) utjecaj spola na masu trupa pilia, naime muki pilii imali su znaajno veu masu trupova u svim obradama. Kod pilia genotipa Cobb 500 i kod pilia hranjenim krmnom smjesom u sustavu I pojavile su se neznaajno vee vrijednosti mase trupova (P>0,05). Kod ocijenjivanja randmana statistiki znaajan (P<0,05) utjecaj imao je samo genotip i to jedino kod obrade pripremljeno za rotilj, u korist genotipa Cobb 500. Ispitivanje varijance kod mase trupa i randmana pokazalo je da su najvee vrijednosti bile pod utjecajem spola. Muki pilii imali su statistiki znaajno (P<0,05) veu masu prsa, bataka i zabataka i vei udio bataka u odnosu na enske pilie. Kod mase osnovnih djelova trupa ostali faktori nisu imali znaajnog utjecaja ali kod ispitivanja udjela ovih djelova trupa, statistiki znaajne razlike utvrene su kod djelovanja genotipa i hranidbe Pilii genotipa Cobb 500 imali su znaajno vei udio prsa, dok su pilii hranjeni krmnom smjesom u sustavu II imali znaajno vei udio bataka u trupu. Interakcija genotip i sustav hranidbe imala je statistiki visoko znaajan (P<0,01) utjecaj na obradu pripremljeno za rotilj. Najvee randmane imali su pilii genotipa Cobb 500 hranjeni krmnom smjesom u sustavu I. Kljune rijei: brojlerski pilii, genotip, krmne smjese, kvalitet trupova
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KRMIVA 2008
SUMMARY Carcass quality evaluation was introduced on total 240 broiler chicken Cobb 500 and Hubbard Classic genotype, fattened until 49 days of age. Two different energy-protein feed mixtures were used, so the aim of researching was to determine effects of genotype, sex and different feed mixture on quality of broiler carcass (carcass weight, dressing percentage and weight and portion of main parts of carcass), their variance and interaction. Statistically significant (P<0,05) effect of sex on carcass weight was determined, namely, the male chickens had considerably bigger carcass weight in all slaughter processing. Insignificant (P>0,05) higher values of carcass weight were present in Cobb 500 genotype and chicken fed with mixture I. Genotype affected statistically significant (P<0,05) on dressing percentage, only in ready for grilling on behalf of genotype Cobb 500. Investigation of variance in carcass weight and dressing percentage was showed the highest values under influence of sex. Male chicken had significantly (P<0,05) heavier breasts, thighs and drumsticks, and higher portion of thighs then female chicken. Statistically significant differences in portion of main parts of carcass were confirmed under influence of genotype and diets. In that way, Cobb 500 chicken had significantly (P<0,05) higher portion of breasts, while the chicken fed with mixture II had significantly higher portion of thighs in carcass. Interaction between genotype and diet had statistically highly significant (P<0,01) effect on slaughtering trait ready for grilling, so the highest values of dressing percentage had chicken of genotype Cobb 500 fed with mixture I. Key words: broiler chickens, genotype, feed mixture, carcass quality.
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KAKVOA POSTUPKA FERMENTACIJE VISOKOVLANOG ZRNA KUKURUZA THE QUALITY OF FERMENTATION PROCESS OF HIGH MOISTURE CORN
Bro, D., Glik, B., Jurek, M., imko, M. Department of Animal Nutrition Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Slovak Republic
SUMMARY The objective of this research work was to find the influence of different silage additives on the quality of fermentation process of ensiled high moisture crimped corn. Three variants were examined: untreated control (UC) variant in which we conserved high moisture corn without additives, and experimental variants A and B. In these variants we applied different silage additives (bacterial inoculant in variant A and combined biochemical additive in variant B). After 6 months of silage fermentation process were the average samples for content of fermentation products determined. The highest content of lactic acid we found in untreated control variant (24.27 g/kg of dry matter). After the silage additives application we found lower content of acetic acid (2.87 in variant A and 2.82 g/kg of dry matter in variant B). Content of undesirable butyric acid was generally very low. The lowest value (significantly at P<0.01) of titration acidity we determined in variant B. The value of active acidity (pH) of water extracts of silages were from 3.70 (variant B) to 3.75 (variant UC), without statistically differences. In variants conserved by additives we found lower content of ammonia and also total alcohols. In comparison with untreated variant (UC) we didnt find in top of silage profiles of experimental variants (A, B) sensory occurrence of fungi. The application of combined biochemical additive influenced the quality of fermentation process more positively for higher content of lactic acid and the lowest content of acetic acid, titration acidity, value of pH. Keywords: silage, high moisture corn, fermentation process, fermentation products
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KRMIVA 2008 PROFIL MASNIH KISELINA U MLIJEKU BUE FATTY ACIDS PROFILE IN BUSHA MILK
Z. krti, A. Levart, S. Jovanovac, V. Gantner, D. Kompan, P. Boi, A. Orak SAETAK Istraen je sastav masnih kiselina u mlijeku 15 grla like bue smjetenih u Krievakoj poljani, Krievci. Uzimanje uzoraka omoguio je Centar za reprodukciju u stoarstvu Hrvatske d.o.o. Uzorci mlijeka analizirani su koritenjem plinskog kromatografa (Agilent 6890) u laboratoriju Oddelka za zootehniko, Biotehnika fakulteta, Univerze v Ljubljani. Sadraj masnih kiselina u mlijeku prikazan je u % od ukupnih masnih kiselina utvrenih u mlijeku. Najzastupljenije masne kiseline u mlijeku bue bile su zasiene masne kiseline (SFA, 59,14%), zatim mononezasiene (MUFA, 35,28%), dok su polinezasiene masne kiseline inile ukupno 5,58% od ukupnih masnih kiselina (n-6 PUFA 3,93%, n-3 PUFA 1,65%). U mlijeku bue utvren je povoljan omjer n-6 PUFA/n-3 PUFA u vrijednosti od 2,38:1. Najzastupljenija n-3 PUFA bila je linolenska kiselina (LNA, C18:3n-3, 1,13% od ukupnih masnih kiselina). Eikozapentaenska (EPA, C20:5n3) i dokozapentaenska (DPA, C22:5n-3) kiselina inile su svega neto vie od 25% ukupnih n-3 PUFA u mlijeku bue. Prisutnost dokozaheksaenske kiseline (DHA, C22:6n-3) utvrena je u est od ukupno 15 uzoraka. Sadraj poeljne konjugirane linolne kiseline (CLA C18:2n-6 c9, t11) bio je u prosjeku oko 1% u mlijeku istraenih uzoraka, odnosno u intervalu od 0,47% do 1,63%. Kljune rijei: bua, mlijeko, n-3 PUFA, profil masnih kiselina
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doc.dr.sc. Zoran krti; prof.dr.sc. Sonja Jovanovac; dr.sc. Vesna Gantner, Poljoprivredni fakultet Sveuilita J.J. Strossmayera u Osijeku, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, 31000 Osijek, Hrvatska; dr.sc. Alenka Levart; doc.dr.sc. Dragomir Kompan, Univerza v Ljubljani, Biotehnika Fakulteta, Oddelek za zootehniko, Groblje 3, 1230 Domale, Slovenia; dr.sc. Pero Boi, dr.vet.med.; Antonio Orak, dr.vet.med., Centar za reprodukciju u stoarstvu Hrvatske, Potoka 20, Krievci, Hrvatska
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SUMMARY Fatty acids profile in milk of 15 Busha cows was determined. Cows were reared in Krievaka poljana, Krievci. Milk sampling was enabled by Croatian Reproduction Centre for Domestic Animals Ltd. Milk samples were analysed by gas chromatograph (Agilent 6890) in laboratory at the University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Zootechnical Department. Fatty acid contents were presented as percentage (%) of total fatty acids that were determined in analysed milk samples. Saturated fatty acids (SFA) had the greatest proportion of total fatty acids determined in Busha's milk that is in amount of 59.14%. Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) participated with 35.28% in total fatty acids, while polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-6 PUFA 3.93%, n-3 PUFA 1.65%) had the proportion of 5.58% of total fatty acids. Preferable ratio n-6 PUFA/n-3 PUFA (2,38:1) was determined in Busha's milk. In all n-3 PUFA the -linoleic acid (LNA, C18:3n-3) had the greatest proportion in amount of 1.13% of total fatty acids. Eicosapentaenoic (EPA, C20:5n-3) and docosapentaenoic (DPA, C22:5n-3) acids were present in Busha's milk in amount of approximately 25% of all n-3 PUFA. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6n-3) was determined in 6 milk samples. Content of preferable conjugated linolenic acid (CLA C18:2n-6 c9, t11) in sampled milk was in interval from 0.47% to 1.63% that is in average value of 1%. Keywords: Busha, milk, n-3 PUFA, fatty acid profile
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doc.dr.sc. Zoran krti; prof.dr.sc. Sonja Jovanovac; dr.sc. Vesna Gantner, Faculty of Agriculture, J.J. Strossmayer University in Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; dr.sc. Alenka Levart; doc.dr.sc. Dragomir Kompan, University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Zootechnical Department, Groblje 3, 1230 Domale, Slovenia; dr.sc. Pero Boi, dr.vet.med.; Antonio Orak, dr.vet.med., Croatian Reproduction Centre for Domestic Animals Ltd., Potoka 20, Krievci, Croatia
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KRMIVA 2008 MOGUNOSTI PROIZVODNJE I KORITENJA KOBILJEG MLIJEKA POSSIBILITIES FOR PRODUCTION AND USAGE OF MARE`S MILK
Avrelio Dolores, Baban Mirjana, Miji, P., Antunovi, Z., Ernoi, M., Antunovi, B. Kontakt mail adresa: mbaban@pfos.hr SAETAK Poznati su i kemijski sastav i hranidbena svojstva kobiljeg mlijeka u ljudskoj prehrani te mogunosti njegove prerade u kozmetikoj i farmaceutskoj industriji. Najznaajnijim svojstvom kobiljeg mlijeka smatra se nizak udio mlijene masti, te izuzetno visok udio viestruko nezasienih masnih kiselina (ak 28%) od kojih se sintetiziraju omega-6 i omega-3 masne kiseline ija je vrijednost nezamjenjiva za ljudski organizam. Mlijeko kobila ima pozitivan uinak u ljudskoj prehrani jer zbog visoke razine sirutkinih proteina poveava opskrbu organizma esencijalnim aminokiselinama. Blagotvorno djelovanje kobiljeg mlijeka najuinkovitije je kada je mlijeko u svjeem, prirodnom stanju bez prethodne obrade. Udio kazeina je puno manji od udjela albumina i globulina to ga ini lako probavljivim i lako se resorbira u krv. Cisterna vimena kobile volumena je samo 60 ml. Ipak, kobila je sposobna dati u prosjeku od 15 do 20 l mlijeka dnevno u 358 dana laktacije, a rekorderke su dale i po 28 l mlijeka dnevno. Dnevna koliina proizvedenog mlijeka izraena prema tjelesnoj masi kobile iznosi od 2 do 3,5 kg/100 kg ive vage. Sueno mlijeko u prahu se mijea s toplom vodom i moe se odmah konzumirati. Kumis se proizvodi od svjeeg mlijeka specifinom metodom vrenja koje se temelji na kombinaciji alkoholne i mlijene kiseline. Mogunosti primjene kobiljeg mlijeka su mnogobrojne, ali se u Hrvatskoj za sada gotovo i ne koriste. Razlog je nedovoljna informiranost i educiranost, ogranienja uzrokovana standardom drutva, te to kobilje mlijeko nije dovoljno eksponirano, iako se moe primjetiti blagi porast zanimanja za njega. Zbog nedovoljnih informacija o ovoj temi, potrebno je jo izvriti brojna znanstvena istraivanja. U Hrvatskoj se za sada munjom i prodajom kobiljeg mlijeka na ekstenzivan nain bavi samo Farma Haber iz Rovinja. Osim visoke ekonomske isplativosti u proizvodnji kobiljeg mlijeka (jedna litra ima cijenu ak oko 20 ), daleko je vanija injenica da kobilje mlijeko ima dokazano pozitivan uinak u lijeenju i spreavanju pojave velikog broja bolesti kod ljudi. To e mu omoguiti sve veu primjenu u buduem vremenu. Dobro su poznata njegova blagotvorna svojstva koja proizlaze iz kemijskog sastava, a velika mu je prednost to ne mora podlijegati industrijskoj obradi (pasterizaciji), nego se moe koristiti u izvornom obliku. U dananje vrijeme, u Europi su dostupni pripravci na bazi kobiljeg mlijeka i u kozmetikoj i farmaceutskoj industriji. Kljune rijei: kobilje mlijeko, kumis, sueno mlijeko u prahu
Rad je izvod iz diplomskog rada Dolores Avrelio Mogunosti proizvodnje i koritenja kobiljeg mlijeka u Hrvatskoj, obranjenog 05.02.2008. na Poljoprivrednom fakultetu u Osijeku. Prikazani rezultati proizali su iz znanstvenog projekta Analiza i genetsko unapreivanje sportskih pasmina konja u Hrvatskoj, provoenog uz potporu Ministarstva znanosti, obrazovanja i porta Republike Hrvatske.
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(1) Dolores Avrelio, dipl. in.,, Vijenac I. Metrovia 30, 31 000 Osijek. (2) prof. dr. sc. Mirjana Baban, prof. dr. sc. Pero Miji, prof. dr. sc. Zvonko Antunovi, doc. dr. sc. Boris Antunovi, dr.vet.med - Poljoprivredni fakultet, Trg sv. Trojstva 3, 31000 Osijek, (3) mr. sc. Miljenko Ernoi, Varadinska upanija, Franjevaki trg 7, 42000 Varadin
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UINAK SMJETAJNIH PRILIKA NA HIGIJENSKU KVALITETU ZRAKA U KRMAARNIKU INFLUENCE OF ACCOMMODATION CONDITIONS ON HYGIENIC AIR QUALITY IN THE SOW FACILITY
Marija Vuemilo, Kristina Matkovi, Bara Vinkovi, Sanja Radovi, Renata Brezak, M. Beni SAETAK U radu se opisuje krmaarnik u kojem se analiziraju osnovni pokazatelji mikroklime, koncentracija praine, amonijaka te brojnost bakterija i gljivica u zraku nastambe. Kvaliteta zraka je uz ostale mikroklimatske faktore pokazatelj smjetajnih prilika u nastambama za ivotinje i imbenik koji utjee na zdravlje i dobrobit ivotinja. Stoga je cilj istraivanja bilo utvrditi u kojoj mjeri odgovarajui nain smjetaja krmaa utjee na kvalitetu zraka. Istraivanje je provedeno u moderno opremljenom krmaarniku veliine 10 x 40 m sa 180 boksova. U vrijeme istraivanja u krmaarniku je bilo 150 krmaa. Tijekom tri mjeseca u istim tjednim razmacima obavljeno je 12 uzorkovanja zraka ureajem Merck MAS 100 (Merck KgaA, Darmstadt, Germany). U isto vrijeme odreivana je temperatura zraka (t C), relativna vlaga (rh %) i brzina strujanja zraka (w m/s) pomou ureaja Testo 400 (Testo Inc., Lenzkirch, Germany). Koncentracija amonijaka i ugljinog dioksida odreivana je pomou Drger-Multiwarn II device (Drger, Darmstadt, Germany). Praina je uzorkovana na filtere (Whatman International Ltd., Maidstone, UK) pomou SKC pumpe (SKC Ltd., Blandford Forum, UK). Zrak je uzorkovan na hranjive podloge za izolaciju aerobnih mezofilnih bakterija i gljivica, nakon ega je standardnim metodama utvren njihov broj i identifikacija. Prema dobivenim rezultatima broj aerobnih mezofilnih bakterija kretao se od 2,52 x 104 do 3,12 x 104 , a broj gljivica od 4,99 x 103 do 5,93 x 103 CFU/m3 zraka. Koncentracija praine kretala se od 2,9 mg/m3 do 3,6 mg/m3. Najzastupljeniji identificirani mikroorganizmi bile su gram pozitivne bakterije, a zatim gram negativne bakterije i gljivice. Osim toga, utvren je statistiki znaajan utjecaj broja krmaa i ostalih parametara mikroklime na koncentraciju mikroorganizama i praine u zraku. Koncentracija mikroorganizama i praine kretala se u skladu sa zabiljeenim iz literature. Stoga se moe zakljuiti da u suvremenim uvjetima smjetaja s automatskim sustavom za regulaciju mikroklimatskih prilika u krmaarniku treba oekivati povoljnu mikrobioloku kakvou zraka, ije vrijednosti ovise o gustoi populacije uz pridravanje dozvoljenog broja ivotinja po jedinici smjetajnog prostora.
Kljune rijei: krmaarnik, mikroklima, praina, amonijak, mikroorganizmi u zraku.
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KRMIVA 2008
ABSTRACT This paper describe object for sow accommodation in which are analyzing basic microclimate factors, dust concentration, ammonia concentration and number of bacteria and fungi in the air. Air quality is among other microclimate factors indicator of accommodation situation in animal living, as well as factor that influence on health and animal welfare. Therefore the aim of this research was to determine in how proper accommodation of sow influence on air quality. Research was performed in modern object for sows, dimension 10 x 40 m with 200 boxes. In time of research in object were 180 sows. During three months in same week intervals was done 12 sampling of air by Merck MAS 100 (Merck KgaA, Darmstadt, Germany). At the same time it was determined air temperature (t C), relative humidity (rh %) and air flow velocity (w m/s) by Testo 400 device (Testo Inc., Lenzkirch, Germany). Concentration of ammonia and carbon dioxide was determined by Drger-Multiwarn II device (Drger, Darmstadt, Germany). Dust was sampled on filters (Whatman International Ltd., Maidstone, UK) by SKC pump (SKC Ltd., Blandford Forum, UK). Air was sampled on nutrient agar for isolation aerobic mesofilic bacteria and fungi, afterward with standard methods was determined their number and identification. To the obtained results number of aerobic mesofilic bacteria was from 2,52 x 104 to 3,12 x 104 3 CFU/m , and number of fungi was from 4,99 x 103 to 5,93 x 103 CFU/m3 of air. Dust concentration was from 2,9 mg/m3 to 3,6 mg/m3. The mostly identified microorganisms were gram positive bacteria, than gram negative bacteria and fungi. Beside that, it was determined statisticaly significant influence of sow number and other microclimate parameters on microorganisms and dust concentration in the air. Air concentrations of microorganisms and dust recorded in these sow house were according to the respective figures reported in the literature. Therefore it could be concluded that in modern accommodation conditions with automatic regulation of microclimate in object for sows, it could be anticipated favourably microbiological air quality, whose values depend on population density with comply on good management.
Key words: object for sows, microclimate, dust, ammonia, airborne microorganisms
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ZNAENJE PITKE VODE ZA DOBROBIT, ZDRAVLJE I PROIZVODNOST IVOTINJA ROLE OF DRINKING WATER ON ANIMAL WELFARE, HEALTH AND PRODUCTIVITY
Alenka Tofant1, Sunica Uhitil2, Nada Glumac3 Veterinarski fakultet Sveuilita u Zagrebu, Zavod za animalnu higijenu, okoli i etologiju, Heinzelova 55, 10000 Zagreb 2Veterinarska stanica grada Zagreba, Laboratorij za kontrolu higijene hrane, Heinzelova 68, 10000 Zagreb 3 Meimurske vode d.o.o., Laboratorij za pitke i otpadne vode ,Matice hrvatske 10, 40000 akovec SAETAK Voda za pie je presudni imbenik u ostvarivanju dobrobiti stoke i peradi. Kao kompleksni pojam, koji ukljuuje fizioloke potrebe, fiziko zdravlje, produktivnost, reprodukciju i vladanje ivotinja, dobrobit se temelji na ostvarivanju i osiguravanju tzv. pet temeljnih sloboda ivotinja utemeljenih 1993. godine od UK Animal Welfare Council. Osiguravanjem dovoljnih koliina zdravstveno ispravne vode za pie potuju se dva od tih pet temeljnih sloboda: pravo na slobodu od ei i pravo na slobodu od bolesti. Napajanje je sastavni dio hranidbe ivotinja i zbog toga voda koliinom i kakvoom mora zadovoljiti potrebe ivotinja. Zahtjevi za potrebnom koliinom vode za napajanje uvjetovani su vrstom i kategorijom ivotinja, starosti, fiziolokim stanjem, nainom prehrane, produktivnou i okolinim imbenicima. Potrebe za vodom primarno se namiruju napajanjem, meutim u dnevnom unosu sudjeluje i voda sadrana u hrani kao i ona nastala metabolikim procesima u organizmu. Iz organizma ivotinja voda se gubi urinom, fecesom, disanjem i isparavanjem. Poeljno je da izmeu unosa vode i njezina izluivanja postoji ravnotea. Kakvoa vode ima znaajnu ulogu u odravanju zdravlja i proizvodnosti ivotinja pa se stoga zahtjevi, smjernice i normativi za organoleptika, fizikalno-kemijska i bioloka svojstva s jedne strane odnose na njih, a s druge strane ima se u vidu zdravlje potroaa namirnica animalnog podrijetla. Od fizikalnih parametara temperatura vode utjee na ukusnost i prihvatljivost vode. O alkalitetu i pH zavise prihvatljivost i zdravstveni uinak, a oni su u korelaciji s ukupno otopljenim tvarima i elektroprovodljivosti. Od organoleptikih parametara boja vode najee ne utjee na njezinu upotrebljivost za napajanje, meutim miris i okus mogu biti uzrokom smanjene prihvatljivosti kod nekih ivotinja. Najznaajniji kriterij za procjenu kvalitete je koncentracija suspendiranih i ukupno otopljenih krutina, jer vrsta iona odreuje uinak vode na zdravlje ivotinja. Kationi, kalcij i magnezij odreuju tvrdou vode dok natrij doprinosi slanom okusu i dehidrataciji organizma. Anioni, karbonati i bikarbonati odreuju pH i alkalitet, sulfati su odgovorni za laksativna svojstva vode, a kloridi za slani okus. Nitrati, nitriti i amonij ukazuju na razgradnju organske tvari i imaju izrazito negativan zdravstveni uinak. Bolesti, zdravstveni problemi kao i smanjena produktivnost, najee i najbre uoljivi, uzrokovani su vodom prenosivim mikrobima, bakterijama, virusima, parazitima i algama. S ciljem da se izbjegnu treba vodu kondicionirati i dezinficirati, ali imajui u vidu sve mogue nus pojave koje ti postupci mogu uzrokovati. Razliite smjernice i preporuke propisuju maksimalno doputene koncentracije za sve parametre u vodi kao i prihvatljive maksimalne koncentracije za toksine spojeve za pojedine vrste ivotinja. Kljune rijei: voda, koliina, kakvoa, napajanje, ivotinje, dobrobit
1
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KRMIVA 2008
SUMMARY Drinking water is a critical nutrient for achieving welfare of livestock and poultry. As a complex concept which includes physiological needs, physical health, productivity, reproduction and behavior good animal welfare is based on standards known as the five freedoms defined by UK Farm Animal Welfare council in 1993. By providing sufficient quantity of safe drinking water two of the above mentioned five freedoms are respected: freedom from thirst and freedom from disease. Watering is the component of nutrition so adequate and safe water is essential for the production of healthy animals. A water quantity requirement for different types of livestock depends of their category, age, physiological condition, nutrition, productivity and environmental factors. Animals get most of water by drinking, then by water intake from the feed and from metabolic water generated in biochemical processes. Water loss can occur with urine, feces, breathing and evaporating. It is desirable that the water balance, when water intake equals water excretion, is achieved. Drinking water quality guidelines are aiming to define health and performance of animals but are also developed for the protection of the consumer of animal products. Water quality refers to the organoleptic, physical, chemical and biological characteristics. Color does not affect water usability but odors and taste may affect palatability for some animals. Among the physical criteria water temperature affects palatability, pH and alkalinity affects acceptability and health and they are in correlation with total dissolved solids and electro conductivity. TDS is the total of all dissolved and suspended components and is the best single criteria of water quality for livestock. The type of ions in the water determines the effect the water will have on animals drinking it. Cations such as calcium and magnesium cause hardness and high sodium concentration can lower water palatability and contribute to organism dehydration. Anions such as carbonate and bicarbonate determine the pH and alkalinity of water; high sulfate water can cause diarrhea and also a salty taste. Nitrates, nitrites and ammonia in water indicate manure or organic matter contamination and decomposition and have negative effect on animal health. Water-borne microbes, bacteria, viruses, parasites and algae cause negative health impacts, various illnesses and reduce animal productivity. The microbiological problems are the most common and are detected quickly. In order to achieve safe drinking water which is free of microbiological contamination it should be treated and disinfected in a way that all possible side effects and by-products are excluded. The water quality guidelines prescribe the maximum limit and acceptable concentrations of all nutrients and substances that are potentially toxic to common types of livestock. Key words: water, quantity, quality, watering, livestock, welfare
1 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Zagreb, Department of Animal Hygiene, Environment and Ethology, Heinzelova 55, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia 2 Veterinary Station of the City of Zagreb, Laboratory of Food Hygiene, Heinzelova 68, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia 3 Meimurske vode d.o.o., Laboratory for Drinking and Waste Waters, Matice hrvatske 10, 40000 akovec, Croatia
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OCHRATOXIN A I ZEARALENON: KONTAMINACIJA ITARICA I KRMIVA U HRVATSKOJ (1977. - 2007.) I UTJECAJ NA ZDRAVLJE IVOTINJA I LJUDI OCHRATOXIN A AND ZEARALENON: FOOD AND FEED CONTAMINATION IN CROATIA (1977 - 2007) AND INFLUENCE ON ANIMAL AND HUMAN HEALTH
Stjepan Pepeljnjak, Zdenka Cvetni, Maja egvi Klari Zavod za mikrobiologiju, Farmaceutsko-biokemijski fakultet, Sveuilite u Zagrebu, Schrottova 39, 10000 Zagreb, Hrvatska
SAETAK Mikotoksini kao sekundrani metaboliti plijesni usko su povezani sa distribucijom plijesni, njihovim vrstama i toksinogenim sojevima, mikroklimom, nainom sabiranja i skladitenja usijeva. Naa istraivanja u proteklih 30 godina pokazuju da Fusarium i Penicillium vrste podjednako (40-60%) dominiraju u usjevima zbog ega su itarice i krmiva esto kontaminirani okratoksinom A (OTA) i zearalenonom (ZEA). OTA je nefrotoksin s potencijalnim karcinogenim djelovanjem u ljudi, koji se dovodi u vezu s razvojem endemske nefropatije (EN). ZEA je mikotoksin s uterotropnim, estrogenim i anabolikim djelovanjem u domaih ivotinja s potencijalnim negativnim uinkom na ravnoteu spolnih hormona u ljudi. Tijekom 30-godinjih istraivanja OTA i ZEA su u prosjeku dokazani u 20%, odnosno u 30% uzoraka. Znatno vee koncentracije ovih mikotoksina naene su tijekom izuzetno vlane 1978. (68900 g OTA/kg i 275800 g ZEA/kg) i 1980. (4700 g OTA/kg), za vrijeme domovinskog rata (3200 g OTA/kg i 19900 g ZEA/kg) te u izrazito hladnoj (temperaturni stres) i vlanoj 2004. (29430 g ZEA/kg). Tijekom ostalih godina koncentracije ovih mikotoksina kreu se od 0,26 do 220 g/kg (OTA) te od 0,39 do 3000 g/kg (ZEA). U posljednje vrijeme sve se vie pridaje vanosti ko-kontaminciji usjeva mikotoksinima zbog njihovog mogueg sinergistikog uinka. Tako je posljednjih godina dokazana ko-kontaminacija kukuruza i drugih itarica sa OTA i ZEA u 37% odnosno 13,5% uzoraka. Meutim, zadnjih godina utvrene koncentracije su nie u odnosu na prethodna razdoblja to se moe pripisati relativno sunom razdoblju. Iako je zbog toga smanjen rizik trovanja to ne iskljuuje sustavni unos subtoksinih koncentracija mikotoksina u organizam te njihov mogui toksinopatogeni sinergizam koji se negativno odraava na enzimatske i imunoloke funkcije u ljudi i ivotinja.
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Autor za korespodenciju: Maja egvi Klari Tel: 6394 493; Fax: 6394 494; E-mail: msegvic@pharma.hr
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KRMIVA 2008 IZLOENOST OPE POPULACIJE U HRVATSKOJ OKRATOKSINU A THE EXPOSURE OF GENERAL POPULATION IN CROATIA TO OCHRATOXIN A
M. Peraica1, A.-M. Domijan1, D. Flajs1, D. Ivi2, B. Cvjetkovi2
1
Unit of Toxicology, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska c. 2, 10000 Zagreb 2 Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Zagreb, Svetoimunska 24, 10000 Zagreb
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is nephrotoxic product of moulds that contaminate various commodities. It is supposed to be the etiological factor in endemic nephropathy, a kidney disease known in western part of Brodsko-posavska county. Most of the previous studies on mycotoxins in our country were focused on OTA in endemic region, but due to the fact that combinations of mycotoxins are frequently found in food and feed, the other mycotoxins are recently included in such investigations. The exposure of general population in Croatia to ochratoxin A (OTA) was checked in several studies by measuring its concentration either in food commodities or in human blood. The concentration of OTA in food and the frequency of OTA-positive samples show high variability from year to year according to the meteorological conditions. Regional variability in OTA contamination of cereals, wine and beans is also significant. However, while higher OTA concentrations and higher number of OTA-positive samples of cereals and beans are found in the northern part of Croatia, wine from the southern part of Croatia contains higher OTA concentrations. These differences are due to the distribution of different moulds producers of OTA that specifically contaminate various commodities. However, large-scale study performed on sera from five Croatian cities collected four times in a year showed the higher mean OTA concentration during summer period. The most exposed are citizens of Osijek, because there was no OTA-free sample collected in this town, and the frequency of samples containing the highest OTA concentration was significantly higher than in other cities. Our result on food contamination with OTA, as well as occasional finding of very high OTA concentration in human sera indicate that preventive measures against the production of OTA, as well as strict control of food are needed.
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ZNAAJ NEFROTOKSINOSTI OKRATOKSINA A (OTA) KOD PRASADI I BALKANSKA ENDEMSKA NEFROPATIJA IMPLICATION OF OCHRATOXIN A (OTA) IN PIG NEPHROTOXICITY AND BALKAN ENDEMIC NEPHROPATHY
Annie Pfohl-Leszkowicz LGC/UMR CNRS/INPT 5503, Department BioSyM, ENSA Toulouse, 1 avenue agrobiopole, 31326 AuzevilleTolosane, France e-mail: leszkowicz@ensat.fr phone/fax + 33 562193947
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin produced by fungi in cool temperate (Penicillium spp. including P. verrucosum, P. aurantiogriseum, P. citrinum & P. expansum) and tropical latitudes (Aspergillus spp. such as A. ochraceus, carbonarius, niger). OTA is a ubiquitous contaminant of improperly stored food products with the highest levels being found in cereals, although it can be found in other products such as coffee, cocoa, grape fruits, beans, nuts, dry fruit, and meat. OTA is very toxic to numerous animal species with the kidney being the main target organ. The toxin causes a fatal nephropathy in pigs that is characterized by kidney lesions in the epithelial cells of the proximal tubules. In humans OTA is suspected of being the main etiological agent responsible for Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN) and its associated urinary tract tumors (UTT); diseases which affect populations of some restricted areas of the Balkans where high levels of OTA are found in food. Toxicological investigations on cases of porcine nephropathy have shown striking similarities between the described OTA-induced porcine nephropathy in pigs and BEN in humans. To date OTA is one of the most potent renal carcinogens in rats studied by the National Cancer Institute/National Toxicological Program (NCI/NTP). The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has classified OTA as a possible human carcinogen (group 2B) based on sufficient evidence for carcinogenicity in animal studies and inadequate evidence in humans. Currently the mode of carcinogenic action by OTA is unknown. However, OTA is genotoxic following oxidative metabolism by certain cytochrome P450 or peroxidase enzymes. This activity is thought to play a central role in OTA-mediated carcinogenesis and may be divided into direct (covalent DNA adduction) and indirect (oxidative DNA damage) mechanisms of action. An indirect mechanism is supported by: OTA-dependent lipid peroxidation and free radical formation in mammalian cells; decreased levels of vitamin E in plasma of rats; depletion of glutathione (GSH) in liver of mice; oxidative DNA damage in vitro; and oxidative DNA damage in rodents. Evidence for a direct mode of genotoxicity has been derived from the sensitive 32P-postlabelling assay. OTA facilitates guanine-specific DNA adducts in vitro and oral dosing of rat or pig with OTA generates several lesions, one of which comigrates with a synthetic carbon (C)-bonded C8-dG OTA adduct standard. The hydroquinone metabolite of OTA, OTHQ, reacts covalently with DNA by an autoxidative process (in the absence of metabolism) to yield covalent DNA adducts that are also generated by the parent OTA following in vitro activation with pig kidney microsomes or in human kidney cells. To ascertain, the implication of these toxins in BEN disease, we follow up during one month several families in Bulgaria and in Serbia. Food samples were collected daily; blood and urine at the beginning of each week. Average weekly intake of OTA varies from 1.9 to 206 ng /kg body weight; twice tolerable weakly intake recommended by JECFA. OTA blood concentrations are in the same range as previously reported in this region with concentrations reaching 10g/L. Biomarkers of biological effects such as DNA adducts were detected in patients from Croatia, Serbia, Bulgaria and France affected by urinary tract tumors. Comparison with specific OTA-DNA adduct induced in cell culture allow us to demonstrate that OTA is genotoxic after biotransformation into quinone derivatives. CIT enhanced OTA genotoxicity. All these plead for implication of OTA, in BEN and UTT.
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Acknowledgments: Pr Pfohl-Leszkowicz thanks her collaborators: Virginie Faucet-Marquis, Mariana Tozlovanu, Anne Molini (UMR CNRS 5503); Pr Plante Pierre (Rangueil Hospital, Toulouse, France) and Pr Pourrat Jacques (Purpan Hospital, Toulouse, France); the team of Pr Peraica Maja (Croatia); the team of Pr Richard Manderville; the team of Pr Stefanovic Vladisav; Pr Mantle Peter (London); Dr Castegnaro Marcel (IARC, Lyon); Pr Schmeiser Heinz (Germany), Dr Arlt Volker (London), Dr Joelle Nortier (Brussels) for their input at various stages of the projects. We thank also ARC; AUF, Ligue Nationale Franaise contre le cancer for financial supports for Marianna Tozlovanu; EU for the project OTA risk assessment; the rgion Midi-Pyrnes for supporting the program on Food Safety; and, the Concerted Action Pavle Savic France-Serbia. Bibliography: Pfohl-Leszkowicz, A, Petkova-Bocharova, T., Chernozemsky, I.N & Castegnaro, M. (2002) Balkan endemic nephropathy and the associated urinary tract tumours: review on etiological causes, potential role of mycotoxins, Food Additive and Contaminants 19 (3), 282-302 Petkova-Bocharova, T, El Adlouni, C., Faucet, V., Pfohl-Leszkowicz, A. & Mantle, P. (2003) Analysis for DNA adducts, ochratoxin A content and enzymes expression in kidneys of pigs exposed to mild experimental chronic ochratoxicosis. Facta universitatis, series: medicine & Biology, 10 (3) 111-115 Faucet, V., Pfohl-Leszkowicz, A., Dai, J., Castegnaro, M. & Manderville, R. (2004) Evidence for Covalent DNA Adduction by Ochratoxin A Following Chronic Exposure to Rat and Subacute Exposure to Pig. Chem. Res in Toxicology, 17, 1289-1296 Molini A., Faucet V., Castegnaro, M. & Pfohl-Leszkowicz, A. (2005) Analysis of some breakfast cereals collected on the French market for their content in ochratoxin A, citrinin and fumonisin B1. Development of a new method for simultaneous extraction of ochratoxin A and citrinin. Food Chemistry 92, 391-400 Pfohl-Leszkowicz, A & Castegnaro, M (2005). Further arguments in favour of direct covalent binding of Ochratoxin A (OTA) after metabolic biotransformation. Food Additives & Contaminants Supplment 1, 75-87 Castegnaro M., Tozlovanu M., Wild C., Molini, A., Sylla, A., Pfohl-Leszkowicz, A. (2006) Advantages and drawbacks of immunoaffinity columns in analysis of mycotoxins in food. Molecular Nutrition Food Research, 50,480-481 Faucet-Marquis V., Pont F., St rmer F., Rizk T., Castegnaro M. & Pfohl-Leszkowicz A (2006) Evidence of a new dechlorinated OTA derivative formed in opossum kidney cell cultures after pre-treatment by modulators of glutathione pathways. Correlation with DNA adducts formation. Molecular Nutrition Food Research, 50, 531-54 Castegnaro M., Canadas D., Vrabcheva T., Petkova-Bocharova T., Chernozemsky, IN, Pfohl-Leszkowicz A. (2006). Balkan endemic nephropathy: role of ochratoxin A through biomarkers. Molecular Nutrition Food Research, 50, 519-529 Tozlovanu M, Faucet-Marquis V, Pfohl-Leszkowicz A, Manderville Richard A. (2006) Genotoxicity of the Hydroquinone Metabolite of Ochratoxin A: Structure-Activity Relationships for Covalent DNA Adduction. Chem Res Toxicology, 19, 1241-1247 Pfohl-Leszkowicz A, Manderville R. (2007) Review on Ochratoxin A: an overview on toxicity and carcinogenicity in animals and humans. Mol Nutr Food Res. 51, 61-99 Pfohl-Leszkowicz A, Tozlovanu M, Manderville R, Peraica M, Castegnaro M & Stefanovic V (2007) New molecular and field evidences for the implication of mycotoxins but not aristolochic acid in Human Nephropathy and Urinary tract tumor. Molecular Nutrition Food Research 51, 131-1146 Frenette, C., Paugh, R., Tozlovanu, M., Juzio, M., Pfohl-Leszkowicz, A., Manderville, R. (2008) Structure-activity relationships for the fluorescence of ochratoxin A: Insight for detection of ochratoxin A metabolites. Analytical Chimica Acta (sous presse) Pfohl-Leszkowicz A (2008) Formation, persistence & significance of DNA adduct formation in relation to some pollutants from a board perspective. Advance in toxicology, 2, 183-240
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MOLEKULARNE INTERAKCIJE IZMEU MIKOTOKSINA I LIJEKOVA KOJI SE METABOLIZIRAJU U JETRI GLODAVACA I FARMSKIH IVOTINJA MOLECULAR INTERACTIONS BETWEEN MYCOTOXINS AND LIVER DRUG METABOLIZING ENZYMES IN RODENTS AND FARM ANIMALS
Pierre Galtier*, Guylaine Meissonnier, Jolle Laffitte, Isabelle P. Oswald and Nicolas Loiseau Laboratoire de Pharmacologie-Toxicologie UR66 INRA, 180 Chemin de Tournefeuille, 31931 Toulouse, France. ABSTRACT Mycotoxins are well known to undergo liver biotransformations in humans and animal species. Metabolites correspond to either oxydative derivatives such as hydroxymetabolites of aflatoxin B1 or ochratoxin A or hydrolytic derivatives in case of trichothecenes. In some cases, highly reactive epoxides represent the first step in the formation of carcinogenic intermediates like exo-epoxides of aflatoxins. Hepatic phase II enzymes including transferases and hydrolases are involved in the conjugation of such oxidative metabolites. In this respect, they are generally considered as detoxifying enzymes: glucuronidation of deacetylated trichothecenes or hydroxy-aflatoxins, or glutathione conjugation of epoxides. The major metabolism of zearalenone consists of reduction leading to estrogenic zearalenols which is characterized by large interspecies differences. Concerning fumonisin B1, this toxin would be poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and metabolised into hydrolytic products with lower toxic effect as apoptotic compounds. Interactions between mycotoxins and liver drug metabolizing are crucial in terms of detoxication or bioactivation of these toxins in the organism of the human or animal consumers. The most of these interactions are consequences of the metabolic processes occurring in the liver. They result generally from the activity of cytochromes P450 and transferases. In relation to their hepatotoxicity, several studies demonstrate the inhibitory effects of mycotoxins on certain hepatic biotransformation enzymes, as recently demonstrated in pigs exposed to low doses of aflatoxin B1 or T-2 toxin. In other cases, specific cytochromes P450 or glutathione transferases are significantly increased in terms of both activity and protein expression, namely by aflatoxins, deoxynivalenol or fumonisins. Such results have been obtained in rodents and in farm animals like pigs, rabbit or poultry. These data strengthen the hypothesis that the normal metabolism of endobiotes or xenobiotics by the liver could be altered during chronic exposure to mycotoxins, particularly in farm animals or in humans exposed to aflatoxin B1, ochratoxin A, T-2 toxin, deoxynivalenol or fumonisin B1.
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* Corresponding author: Pierre Galtier Phone number: 33(0)5 61 28 51 46 / 33(0)5 61 85 98 85 Fax number: 33(0)5 61 28 53 10 e-mail: pgaltier@toulouse.inra.fr
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KRMIVA 2008 MIKOTOKSINI I ZDRAVLJE IVOTINJA: OD OKSIDATIVNOG STRESA DO EKSPRESIJE GENA MYCOTOXINS AND ANIMAL HEALTH: FROM OXIDATIVE STRESS TO GENE EXPRESSION
1-4
Peter F. Surai and 3Miklos Mezes
Scottish Agricultural College, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK; 2Univesity of Glasgow, UK; 3Szent Istvn University, Gdll, Hungary and 4Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
Problem of mycotoxins contamination of the feed and food is a global one. There are several unresolved questions in this regard. Firstly, more than 25% of world grain production is contaminated by mycotoxins. In particular, Fusarium mycotoxins (so called field mycotoxins) contaminate up to 100% of the grain. Since these mycotoxins are coming from the field it is difficult to deal with them and various technological approaches including plant selection for mycotoxins resistance did not produce any significant results. Secondly, in nature there are more than 300 mycotoxins, but analytical techniques for routine mycotoxins analysis are developed only for about 30 major mycotoxins. Therefore, if there is a conclusion from the analytical lab that the mycotoxins are not found this means that 10-30 mycotoxins analyzed were not found. As for others, there is no answer. Thirdly, sampling for mycotoxins analysis is extremely difficult and is an important source of errors. Fourthly, there are no safe levels of mycotoxins, because of synergistic interactions of many mycotoxins: several mycotoxins in low concentrations could cause more problems than a single mycotoxin at higher dose. A delicate balance between antioxidants and pro-oxidants in the body in general and specifically in the cell is responsible for regulation of various metabolic pathways leading to maintenance of immunocompetence, growth and development and protection against stress conditions associated with commercial poultry production. This balance can be regulated by dietary antioxidants, including vitamin E, carotenoids and selenium. On the other hand, nutritional stress factors have a negative impact on this antioxidant/pro-oxidant balance. Indeed, recent results show that in many cases membrane-active properties of various mycotoxins determine their toxicity. In fact, incorporation of mycotoxins into membrane structures causes various detrimental changes. These changes are associated with alteration of fatty acid composition of the membrane structures and with peroxidation of long chain PUFAs inside membranes. This ultimately damages membrane receptors, causing alterations in second messenger systems; then to inactivation of a range of membrane-binding enzymes responsible for regulation of important pathways. Finally, this causes alterations in membrane permeability, flexibility and other important characteristics determining membrane function. Detrimental effects of mycotoxins on DNA, RNA and protein synthesis together with pro-apoptotic action further compromise important metabolic pathways. Consequently, changes in physiological functions including growth, development and reproduction occur. It has been shown that T-2 toxin, aflatoxins, DON, fumonisins, zearalenon and other mycotoxins increased lipid peroxidation, cause apoptosis and are involved in gene expression regulation. In particular, genes involved in oxidative stress, apoptosis and immunity are affected by mycotoxins. Therefore practical approached to deal with mycotoxins include usage of effective absorbents and their combination with increased doses of natural antioxidants. In particular a combination of yeast wall derived mycotoxins binder Mycosorb with organic Se in the form of Sel-Plex is shown to be an effective means to deal with variety of mycotoxins.
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MIKOTOKSINI SKRIVENA OPASNOST U HRANIDBI IVOTINJA MYCOTOXINS THE HIDDEN HAZARDS IN ANIMAL NUTRITION
DI Ursula Hofstetter Biomin, Herzogenburg, Austria
Mycotoxins are toxic, secondary metabolic products of moulds. Despite different approaches to control fungal growth and subsequent mycotoxin contamination of grain these undesired compounds are formed under certain environmental conditions on the growing field plant (worldwide most important field fungi are Fusarium sp. and Alternaria sp.) as well as during storage (mainly by Aspergillus sp. and Penicillium sp.). Once produced it is very difficult to get rid of mycotoxins or even to reduce the contamination level as these toxins possess high physical and chemical stability. Mycotoxins can cause a wide variety of negative impacts on animal health, depending among various other factors on their nature and concentration. Especially chronic mycotoxicoses leading to unspecific symptoms often entail serious economic losses in animal production. Up to now, hundreds of different mycotoxins are known, but agriculturally most important are aflatoxins, trichothecenes (e.g. DON, NIV, T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, DAS), zearalenone, ochratoxins A and fumonisins. Due to their structural, physical and chemical differences there is still no single approach to counteract all of them. Successful measures with regard to mycotoxin-deactivation have to be based on mainly two different strategies: elimination of toxin (adsorption) and elimination of toxicity (biological detoxification). Until now a lot of research has been conducted to adsorb mycotoxins during the digestive process of animals with products (mainly on aluminosilicate basis) directly mixed into feed. While good and scientifically explained results were obtained for counteracting aflatoxins (Ramos and Hernandez, 1996; Scott et al., 1998), adsorption of other mycotoxins was limited (e.g. ZON) or even failed (e.g. trichothecenes) under field conditions (Friend et al., 1984; Kubena et al., 1990; Huff et al., 1991; Kubena et al., 1993; Ramos et al., 1996). Biological detoxification of mycotoxins by means of micro-organisms and/or enzymes has been subject of research for more than 30 years (Binder et al., 2000; Kollarczik et al., 1994; He at al., 1992; Yoshizawa et al., 1983 and 1984). By far the most investigated mycotoxins are members of the trichothecene family. Now it is known that their 12,13-epoxide ring is mainly responsible for their toxic activity and removal of this epoxide group entails a significant loss of toxicity. The 12,13 epoxide ring of trichothecenes is able react with DNA and consequently impairs protein biosynthesis in animals. As soon as the reactive epoxide ring is removed by specific enzymes, non-toxic metabolites are obtained that can no longer interfere with protein biosynthesis. Toxicity of zearalenone is based on its similarity to the female hormone estrogen. Hydrolysis of the toxins ester group (i.e. opening of the lacton ring) by means of specific enzymes changes the mycotoxins structure resulting in non-toxic and therefore harmless metabolites. Thus, enzymatic biotransformation to metabolites without pathogenic activity is the only way to avoid the negative effects of mycotoxins on animals. Summarizing it can be said that only the use of feed additives combining different strategies - adsorption and biotransformation will finally lead to success.
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Reference Binder, E. M., Heidler, D., Schatzmayr, G., Thimm, N., Fuchs, E., Schuh, M., Krska, R., and Binder, J., 2000, Microbial detoxification of mycotoxins in animal feed, Proceedings of The 10th International IUPAC Symposium on Mycotoxins and Phycotoxins Brasil 2000 Friend, D.W., Trenholm, H.L, Young, J.C., Thompson, B.K., and Hartin, K.E., 1984, Effect of adding potential vomitoxin (deoxynivalenol) detoxicants of a F. graminearum inoculated corn supplement to wheat diets fed to pigs. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 64: 733-741. Huff, W.E, Kubena, L.F., Harvey, R.B., and Phillips, T.D., 1992, Efficacy of Hydrated Sodium Calcium Aluminosilicate to Reduce the Individual and Combined Toxicity of Aflatoxin and Ochratoxin A. Poultry Science 71: 64-69. He, P., Young, L.G., nd Forsberg, C., 1992, Microbial Transformation of Deoxynivalenol (Vomitoxin), Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Vol. 58, No. 12; p. 3857-3863. Kollarczik, B., Gareis, M., Hanelt M. 1994. In Vitro Transformation of the Fusarium Mycotoxins Deoxynivalenol and Zearalenone by the Normal Gut Microflora of Pigs. Natural Toxins 2: 105-110. Kubena, L.F., Harvey, R.B., Huff, W.E., Corrier, D.E., Phillips, T.D., and Rottinghaus, G.E., 1990, Efficacy of a Hydrated Sodium Calcium Aluminosilicate to Reduce the Toxicity of Aflatoxin and T-2 Toxin. Poultry Science 69: 1078-1086. Kubena, L.F., Harvey, R.B., Huff, W.E., Elissalde, A.G., Yersin, A.G, Phillips, T.D., and Rottinghaus, G.E., 1993, Efficacy of a Hydrated Sodium Calcium Aluminosilicate to Reduce the Toxicity of Aflatoxin and Diacetoxyscirpenol. Poultry Science 72: 51-59. Ramos, A.J, and Herandez, E., 1996, Prevention of aflatoxicosis in farm animals by means of hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate addition to feedstuffs: a review. Animal Feed Science Technology 65: 197-206. Scott, P.M., 1998, Industrial and farm detoxification processes for mycotoxins. Revue Mdicine Vterinaire, 149 (6), pp 543-548. Yoshizawa, T., Takeda, H., and Oli, T., 1983, Structure of a Novel Metabolite from Deoxynivalenol, a Trichothecene Mycotoxin, in Animals. Agrigultural Biological Chemistry 47 (9), pp. 2133-2135. Yoshizawa, T., Yamashita, A., and Luo, Y., 1994, Fumonisin Occurrence in Corn from High- and Low-Risk Areas for Human Esophageal Cancer in China. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 60 (5), pp 1626-1629.
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ISKORITENJE PUNOG POTENCIJALA NATUPHOS FITAZE KOD NEPREIVAA USING THE FULL POTENTIAL OF NATUPHOS PHYTASE IN MONOGASTRIC ANIMALS
U. Eidelsburger1 and D. Feuerstein2
ABSTRACT The development of Natuphos as a feed additive was driven by environmental problems in regions with intensive animal production. Such high density of livestock caused problems due to overloading of the soil with phosphorus via the manure. The improvement in digestibility of plant phosphorus by Natuphos phytase, at a dosage of 500 FTU/kg compound feed, resulted in a reduction of inorganic phosphorus addition to the diet by 0.8 g digestible phosphorus/kg. Overall, supplementation of pig and poultry diets with 500 FTU Natuphos/kg resulted on average in a substantial reduction of phosphorus excretion to the environment of 30%. The use of Natuphos at dosages of 500 FTU/kg of feed for pigs and poultry (equals to 100 g Natuphos 5000 G/ton of feed) has become a standard measure in the feed industry (exception layer feed with 300 FTU/kg). Under those conditions 100 g Natuphos 5000 G replaces the phosphorus supplementation of 4.4 kg MCP or 6.4 kg DCP. Numerous scientific studies have shown that beyond the standard dosages used in the feed industry (500 FTU/kg), Natuphos offers an additional effect with regard to the release of phytate-bound nutrients in pigs and poultry. Furthermore there is also a clear evidence for an additional benefit by using higher dosages of Natuphos of up to 1,000 FTU/kg, providing additional phosphorus release and resulting in a further optimized situation for reducing environmental pollution of phosphorus and saving cost of feed at high sustainable high production.
Keywords: phytase, Natuphos, phosphorus release, matrix values, pigs, poultry.
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1
Dr. habil. Ulrich Eidelsburger, Head of Sales Europe Animal Nutrition, BASF ChemTrade GmbH, D-91593 Burgbernheim, Germany 2 Dr. Dieter Feuerstein, BASF SE, Ludwigshafen, Germany
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KRMIVA 2008 PROBIOTICI PRUAJU NOVE MOGUNOSTI ZA POBOLJANJE ZDRAVLJA I PROIZVODNOSTI KRMAA I PRASADI PROBIOTICS PROVIDE NEW OPPORTUNITIES FOR IMPROVING HEALTH AND PERFORMANCE IN SOWS AND PIGLETS
Dr. Gesa Meyer Lohmann Animal Health, Cuxhaven Germany
Probiotics as alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters The ban of the use of antibiotic growth promoters in animal feed within the European Union led to a still ongoing search for possible alternatives. Several feed additives are claimed to have positive effects on health and performance of animals, probiotics playing an important role among them. A variety of animal trials so far could show that probiotics improve the intestinal microbial balance, which results in improved nutrient uptake, reduced diarrhoea problems, an improved general health status and, finally, in improved performance parameters as well. The 26 microbial preparations currently authorised as feed additives within the EU include yeast products (e.g. Saccharomyces cerevisiae ssp.), spore forming bacteria (Bacillus ssp.) and vegetative cells of lactic acid bacteria (e.g. Enterococcus faecium). These different classes of probiotic products all display different modes of action, of which many details are still unknown. Bacillus cereus var. toyoi In comparison to all other probiotic products those containing Bacillus cereus spores possess the advantage of particularly high stability features against environmental stresses. Their natural coating provides resistance against high pelleting temperatures and during long storage periods (Simon, 2007). Bacillus cereus spores easily survive acid conditions in premixes, total feeds or in the animal`s stomach, too. Once having reached the animal`s intestine, the spores of Bacillus cereus var. toyoi germinate quickly (Jadamus, 2001). They equally distribute throughout the intestinal tract, where they were shown to alter the microbial composition (Taras, 2007), to increase the length of intestinal villi (Grke, 2000), to enhance the uptake of selected nutrients like glucose and peptides (Breves, 2000), and to stimulate the immune system (Scharek, 2007; Schierack, 2007). Impact of Bacillus cereus var. toyoi on the intestinal microflora of piglets At weaning enormous changes in the piglets` living conditions may lead to alterations in the intestinal microflora. Potentially pathogenic bacteria like e. g. E. coli benefit from these changes, often resulting in post-weaning diarrhoea problems as main causes for morbidity and mortality during this period (Pluske et al., 1997 and 2003). Probiotic influences on the intestinal microflora are considered to diminish potentially pathogenic bacteria while promoting the beneficial microflora. As an adaptation period is required for the probiotic strain to establish its influence on the intestinal microflora, piglets should get in contact with the probiotic as early as possible.
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New approval for B. cereus var. toyoi for gestating sows The supplementation of sow`s feed with the probiotic ensures an early uptake by the piglets. B. toyoi can already be found in the piglets digestive tract within a few days after birth, presumably due to the uptake of small amounts of faeces from the sows (Taras, 2005). Applying probiotics in sow`s feed also keeps the infection pressure in the environment at a minimum, reducing the risk of digestion and diarrhoea problems for both sows and piglets. As a result, more piglets are born and weaned while the sows show stable health conditions and loose less weight during lactation (Jadamus, 2001; Taras, 2005). The earlier the probiotic supplementation is started, the better the results that can be achieved. Currently, Bacillus cereus var. toyoi is the only probiotic product containing Bacillus spores that is approved for the application in sows` feed for the whole period from service to weaning.
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Please contact the authors for receiving the reference list.
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KRMIVA 2008 ANALIZA STONE HRANE, KRMIVA I BIO-ETANOLA POMOU INSTRUMENTA DIODE ARRAY 7200, FIRME PERTEN INSTRUMENTS ANALYSES OF FEED, FORAGE AND BIO-ETHANOL USING DIODE ARRAY 7200 FROM PERTEN INSTRUMENTS
Goran Stjernberg Perten Instruments NIR tehnika koristi se u analizama itarica, brana i proizvodnji stone hrane od poetka 1980 godine. Diode Array tehnika predstavljena je sredinom 90-tih i najnovija je NIR tehnologija na tritu. Perten Instruments je predstavio diode array instrument prije 1995. Prednost u radu s instrumentom je otvoreni system za analizu uzorka i minimalna pripema uzorka prije analize to omoguuje analizu zahtjevnih uzoraka kao to su gotova hrana, krmne smjese i fermentacijska biomasa. Koritenjem DA tehnologije, analiza sloenih smjesa, nehomogenih uzoraka te razliitih stadija u proizvodinji bio-etanola je mogua koristenjem istog naina analize uzorka. U prezentaciji e biti prikazana jednostavnost rada sa DA 7200 instrumentom u analizi stone hrane, krmiva I stadija u proizvodnji bio-etanola, te e biti predstavljeni parametri koje je mogue analizirati u ovim uzorcima. DA 7200 je NIR instrument koji analizira uzorak u cijelom spektru, a napredna tehnika koju koristi u radu omoguuje istovremenu analizu vie parametara u vremenu od samo 6 sekundi bez pripreme uzorka.
Near Infrared Reflectance analyses have been used in the grain, flour and feed industry since the beginning of the 1980-es. The Diode Array technique was introduced in the mid 90-es and is the newest NIR technology in the market. Perten Instruments introduced diode array instruments as early as 1995. The advantage with the instrument is the open sample presentation system and limited need of sample preparation making it possible to analyse difficult samples like finished feeds, forage and fermentation broth. Using the DA technology, anlyses of complex feeds, inhomogeneous forage samples and different stages in the bio-ethanol production including the fermentation broth is now possible using the same sample presentation system. This presentation will show the simplicity in working with DA 7200 on different feed products, forage and at all the stages in the bio-ethanol industry. Presented will also be ranges of products analysed on the DA within feed, forage and the Bio-Ethanol industry as well as their parameters. The DA 7200 is a full-spectrum, NIR instrument designed for use in the grain, flour food and feed industries. Using novel diode array technology it performs a multi-component analysis in only 6 seconds with no sample preparation required.
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POVEZANOST KANDIDATNIH GENA S KLAONIKIM SVOJSTVIMA SVINJA INTERACTION BETWEEN CANDIDATE GENES AND SLAUGHTER TRAITS IN PIGS
Polonca Frajman, V. Margeta, Gordana Kralik
SAETAK Brzi razvoj tehnika za istraivanje DNA zadnjih desetljea omoguio je identifikaciju gena koji su temelj genetske raznolikosti produktivnih svojstava uoenih kod domaih ivotinja. Identifikacija ovih gena moe poveati uspjenosti selekcije temeljene na genskim markerima i dovesti do tonijeg razumijevanja fiziologije odgovarajuih svojstava. Veina proizvodnih svojstava svinja su odreena veim brojem gena i prvi korak u odreivanju njihove genske osnove je istraivanje tzv. kandidatnih gena i njihov uinak na odreena svojstva. Proizvodna i klaonika svojstva kod svinja imaju veliki znaaj u uzgoju i selekciji. Kao i mnoga druga ekonomski vana svojstva domaih ivotinja, i ova svojstva su odreena neutvrenim brojem gena u interakciji s okolinim imbenicima. Intenzivna selekcija svinja na visoku mesnatost za posljedicu je imala naruavanje proizvodnih, kao i svojstava kakvoe miinog tkiva kod nekih pasmina. Sadraj intramuskularne masti, profil masnih kiselina, pH-vrijednost, boja mesa, elektrina provodljivost i sposobnost vezanja vode svojstva su koja u znatnoj mjeri odreuju kakvou miinog tkiva svinja. Veina ovih svojstava genetski je uvjetovana, tako da je selekcijom mogue utjecati na njihovo poboljanje. Prouavanje kandidatnih gena, povezano s fenotipskim uinkom, je znaajno orue za odreivanje gena koji e se koristiti u selekciji. U ovom radu dan je pregled nekih kandidatnih gena za koje je utvreno da imaju znaajan upliv na klaonika svojstva svinja, kao to su kompleks gena za hormon rasta PPAR, leptin, hipofizno-specifini transkripcijski faktor, melanokortinski receptor i miogenin.
Kljune rijei: svinje, kandidatni geni, klaonika svojstva
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KRMIVA 2008
SUMMARY Rapid development of recombinant DNA techniques in the last few decades enabled identification of genes that underlie genetic variation of production traits observed in livestock species. Identification of these genes is expected to allow more efficient selection with employment of genetic markers and to yield more accurate insight in to the physiology of the corresponding traits. Majority of production traits are polygenic and a firs step in the determination of their genetic background is in searching for so called candidate genes with an impact on a defined trait. Production traits in pigs, like growth and carcass characteristics, are playing an important role in pig breeding and selection. Like many other economically important traits in farm animals they are determined by an unknown number of genes together with environmental factors. Meat quality assessment is based on measuring some phenotypic traits like intramuscular fat content, pH-value, electric conductivity, drip loss and color. The study of candidate genes, in connection with phenotypic effects, is an important tool to identify genes to be used in marker-assisted selection programs. This work is a rewiew of some candidate genes for which has been established that they have an important impact on carcass traits in pigs, like for example growth hormone gene complex, PPAR, leptin, pituitaryspecific transcription factor, melanocortin receptor and myogenin.
Key words: pigs, candidate genes, carcass traits
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Dr.sc. Polonca Frajman, mr.sc. Vladimir Margeta i prof.dr.sc.dr.h.c. Gordana Kralik - Poljoprivredni fakultet u Osijeku, Zavod za specijalnu zootehniku, Trg sv. Trojstva 3, 31000 Osijek, Hrvatska
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SUZBIJANJE MUHA I PREVENCIJA DIZENTERIJE NA SVINJOGOJSKIM FARMAMA KEMIJSKIM TRETIRANJEM GNOJEVKE CONTROL OF STABLE FLIES AND PREVENTION OF DYSENTERY IN PIG FATTENING UNITS BY CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF THE RESIDUAL SLURRY UNDER SLATTED FLOORS
Dr. Hans-Jrgen Klasse AlzChem Trostberg GmbH, Dr.-Albert-Frank-Str. 32, 83308 Trostberg, Germany E-Mail: hans-juergen.klasse@alzchem.com
SUMMARY An accurate hygiene management is essential for the pig industry. Cleaning and disinfection of all surfaces in the piggery has become a matter of course. However, the residual slurry under the slatted floor is still a source of pathogens, parasites and flies. Treatment of the residual slurry with 3 litres of Alzogur (a.i. Hydrogen Cyanamide) per cubic metre has proved to control Brachyspira hyodysenteriae, the causal organism for pig dysentery. Flies can be stopped from emerging with 0.5 litres of Alzogur per cubic metre. This reduction in fly numbers helps prevent the pathogens reaching the animals. In addition Alzogur reduces the formation of noxious gases such as Hydrogen Sulphide and Mercaptan by about 99 %. The effect of Alzogur is sustaining as the decomposition of the active ingredient in the slurry is less than 30% per month. Decrease of concentration is mainly caused by dilution through additional fresh slurry. Slurry treatment with Alzogur is not a substitute but a complement for other hygiene measures.
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KRMIVA 2008 ZAJEDNIKI UINAK BUTIRATA I EKSTRAKTA Yucca Schidigeri NA GASTRIOINTESTINALNI SUSTAV SVINJA PRI ODBIU COMBINED EFFECT OF BUTYRATE AND Yucca Schidigeri EXTRACT ON THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT OF PIGS AROUND WEANING
Valverde Piedra J.L.1, Szymaczyk S.E.1, Kapica M.1, Puzio I.1, Pawowska M.1, Michaowski P.2
1
Department of Animal Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Agriculture University in Lublin, 2Mifarmex Sp. z o.o., ul. Lipowa 9, Michaw Grabina, Nieport, Poland
After the banning of antibiotics as growth promoters, animal production in EU faced the problem of increased post-weaning disorders, and several solutions were proposed (acidifiers, probiotics, herb extracts, enzyme cocktails, etc.). Short chain fatty acids (SCFA) are the main end product of bacterial fermentation in the hind gut in monogastric animals and can be used as energy supply for the epithelial cells of gut mucosa. Thus the aim of the study was to test the usefulness of novel microencapsulated sodium butyrate and Yucca Schidigeri extract (encourages friendly bacteria growth, reduces ammonia) preparation on pig performance and small intestine development in the critical weaning period. Microencapsulation helps to avoid stomach degradation and provides better distribution of the compounds along the small intestine. Suckling piglets, 14day old, were divided into 2 groups, control and butyrate. Control pigs received a standard feed supplemented with a microencapsulated acidifier (0.3%). Butyrate pigs received the same feed as controls supplemented with butyrate/yucca preparation (0.3%). At days 28 (weaning), 35 and 56 of life, 6 pigs from each group were killed and the gastrointestinal tract was harvested and measured. The initial body weight (14 d) of pigs from the control group was higher than that of the experimental, but at day 56 it did not differ significantly (P=0.48). The relative stomach and pancreas weights in the experimental group showed a tendency toward higher values in all time points, and the small intestine relative weight in day 35 was higher as compared to the controls. The growth rate of the pigs in day 35 decreased significantly in the control (P=0.007), but did not in the experimental (P=0.058) group compared to day 31. Measurements of the small intestine sections revealed increased mucosa thickness in butyrate treated pigs. This was due to both villi and crypt enlargement. In conclusion, our results demonstrated the effectiveness sodium butyrate and Yucca Schidigeri extract in the prevention of weaning problems in pigs, however further research on the novel preparation is needed.
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UTJECAJ EKSTRAKTA KESTENA (FARMATAN) NA OKSIDATIVNI STRES UZROKOVAN UNOENJEM VELIKIH KOLIINA PUFA KOD ODBITE PRASADI THE EFFECT OF SWEET CHESTNUT EXTRACT (FARMATAN) ON OXIDATIVE STRESS INDUCED BY HIGH PUFA INTAKE IN WEANED PIGS
Tamara Franki, Bc.S., Vida Rezar, Ph.D., prof. Janez Salobir, Ph.D. Zootehnical department, Biotechnical faculty, University of Ljubljana, Groblje 3, 1230 Domale, Slovenia
Among many plant extracts, known for their antioxidant activity, sweet chestnut extract was not yet extensively studied for its ability to protect the organism against oxidative damage. The aim of our study was to evaluate the possible antioxidant potential of sweet chestnut extract in pigs fed high PUFA diet. Fortyeight weaned crossbred pigs were individually caged in balance cages and assigned to six different isocaloric dietary treatments. Control group received a normal diet with low antioxidant protection and 10 % of energy from fat. Oil group was supplemented with linseed oil (30 % of energy from fat), three groups were additionally supplemented with chestnut extract (0.75, 1.5 and 3 g sweet chestnut extract/kg feed) and one group with 100 mg/kg of vitamin E. Sweet chestnut extract was applied as a commercial product Farmatan (Tanina Sevnica, Slovenia) which consisted of 75 % mostly hydrolysable tannins, molecules known of their various beneficial and undesirable effects for farm animals. DNA damage of lymphocytes was measured by Comet assay. Lipid peroxidation was studied by plasma and urine malondialdehyde (MDA) and urine isoprostane concentrations (iPF2 -VI), total antioxidant status (TAS) of plasma and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) assays. The incidence of hepatotoxicity of tannins was studied by measuring plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) activity. High amount of PUFA from linseed oil (oil group) caused DNA damage in pig blood lymphocytes and all three concentrations of sweet chestnut extract reduced the damage to the level of the control group (P<0.01). MDA in urine and plasma was elevated by high PUFA intake. Sweet chestnut extract supplementation did not decrease plasma MDA, however, 3 g/kg of chestnut extract partially decreased the MDA excretion in urine. Moreover, lower isoprostane F2 levels were detected in urine of pigs fed 3 g sweet chestnut extract per kg feed compared to control group. Due to great variability the TAS and GPx values did not differ among treatments. High intake of PUFA in oil supplemented group resulted in significantly elevated plasma ALT. Sweet chestnut extract decreased the ALT values back to the level of the control group. Similar pattern, however not significant, was observed for plasma AST, while plasma GGT values were not affected by any treatment. The results of this study show that sweet chestnut extract has obvious antioxidant properties. It showed the best antioxidant capacity at concentration of 3 g/kg feed. Its antioxidant efficiency in protecting the organism from oxidative stress induced with high PUFA intake was better or equal to that of vitamin E (100 mg/kg feed).
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KRMIVA 2008 UTJECAJ HRANIDBE NA IZLUIVANJE FSH I LH TIJEKOM LAKTACIJE, NA MATERNICU I RAZVOJ FOLIKULA U KRMAA POSLIJE ODBIA INFLUENCE OF FEEDING LEVEL ON FSH AND LH SECRETION PATTERNS DURING LACTATION, ON UTERUS AND FOLLICLE DEVELOPMENT AFTER WEANING IN SOWS
M. Whner1, J. Kauffold2, Nedeljka Nikolova3
1
Anhalt University of Applied Sciences, Strenzfelder Allee 28, 06406 Bernburg, Germany, 2 University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 29, 04103 Leipzig, Germany, 3 Institute of Animal Science, Ile Ilievski 92a, p. box 207, 1000 Skopje, Macedonia
Feeding during lactation has been shown to effect physiology of reproduction in sows. A study was conducted by define the hormonal patterns of FSH and LH in lactation (21 days), the development of uterus and follicles after weaning in primiparous sows fed restricted (RE) or ad libitum (AL). 14 sows were used; 7 each I group AL or in group RE (70% of the diet of AL-sows). An intravenous catheter was inserted on day 6/7 post partum (pp). Blood samples were collected on days 12, 15 and 18 pp. FSH and LH were analysed by RIA. Daily ultrasonography of the ovaries between day 8 and 20/21 pp was used on a few animals per group to monitor follicular growth. All sows were slaughtered either 1 or 7 days after weaning. Mean daily feed intake during lactation was 3.9 kg in AL- and 2.7 kg in RE-sows. FSH concentration were similar in AL- and RE-sows on day 12 pp, but higher in AL-sows on day 15 and day 18 pp (P<0,05). Generally LH concentration were higher in AL- than RE-sows (P<0.05). The results demonstrate that lactating AL-sows both higher LH and FSH concentrations during lactation than RE-sows. An association to simultaneously observed differences in follicular growth is assumed. 24 hours and 7 days after weaning the weights of uterus were higher in AL-sows (399/478g) than in RE-sows (335/392g). Generally the follicular status of AL-sows was further developed than in RE-sows.
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GENETIKI TRENDOVI U ODNOSU NA PROIZVODNE REZULTATE FARMI GENETIC TRENDS IN RELATION TO FARM PERFORMANCE
DVM Michiel Westerhof Manager of Search and Development division TOPIGS International
In the nowadays practice, breeding companies are breeding sows and boars with an every year increasing potential. TOPIGS breeds for traits like litter size, mothering ability, vitality, feed efficiency, daily gain, carcass and meat quality, robustness etc. and obtains substantial positive genetic trends every year. Defining for each line a different breeding goal, TOPIGS can select specific products for different circumstances like hot or moderate climate, high management level against a basic management level, weaner or farrow to finish production. Farm performances, certainly on the finishing performance, nevertheless do not show on every trait the same trend as genetically could be possible. Why? Practical farm performances do show that the impact of the total farm management (feeding, health, housing) has a higher influence on the final performance then genetics only. Litter size is the only trait of which the trend on farm level is the same as the genetic trend. The average yearly genetic trend for finishers for daily gain at TOPIGS is 5 gr/day and -/- 0,012 in energy efficiency per year. At farm level daily gain improves also with 5 gr/day, but feed efficiency didnt improve at all comparing 1995 to 2006. Energy efficiency did improve from 1995 to 2000 with 0,01 per year! This improvement was lost afterwards. The trend for lean meat is + 0,16 % per year on finisher level, while in practice + 0,1 % is obtained. Different phenomenons appeared and had negative effects on farm performance, as there are: Diseases: PRCV-Circo + PRRS Animal protein: prohibited Growth promoters / antibiotics: prohibited New raw materials or misuse because of price A never seen before price increase of raw materials
Taking into account that feed nowadays is over 60 % of the cost price of a kg pork, choices are perhaps made which are not leading to a technical and economical optimal performance. Also feeding systems, using uncontrolled feed intake until slaughtering, do cost extra feed and thus money. Over 65 kg of live weight the finisher is less efficient in protein deposition, certainly the castrates. If at farm level we wish to exploit the genetic potential of the pigs, feed quality should be continuously looked at, the youth gain be exploited at its maximum level and to have higher financial results use controlled feed intake from 65 kg live weight to slaughtering. TOPIGS continues to breed high potential athletes, the total farm management will be the key factor to see the pigs in the farm perform at their top-level.
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KRMIVA 2008 UTJECAJ RAZLIITIH NAINA HRANIDBE NA MESNATOST HIBRIDNIH SVINJA THE INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT FEEDING REGIMES ON THE LEAN MEAT CONTENT OF HYBRID PIGS
M. Sviben
SAETAK Ostvarljivost poveavanja tjelesne mase svinja podavanjem koliina metabolizirajue energije procijenjenih potrebnima u nacrtu krmljenja za poboljanu izdanost (Sviben, 2001) provjerena je s podacima o tovu etvorostruko krianih svinja u Institutu za stoarstvo i ponaanje ivotinja Saveznoga poljoprivredno istraivakoga centra Braunschweig u Marienseeu (Njemaka). Podaci su objavljeni i obranjeni u Institutu za uzgoj ivotinja i genetiku Sveuilita Georg August u Gttingenu 22. 11. 2001. (Kusec, 2001). Ustanovljeno je, da su pokusni njemaki hibridni ukopljenici za prirast od 23,29 kg do 137,97 kg ive vage potroili krme i u njoj energije gotovo potpuno jednako kao da su bili hranjeni po nacrtu krmljenja za poboljanu tovnost prema postignutoj dobi (za 114,68 kg prirasta 340,6 kg krme s 4.700 MJ ME prema 341,7 kg s 4.738 MJ ME za 115,282 kg prirasta .v.). Takvi, intenzivno gojeni, hibridi imali su po klanju polutke teke prosjeno 111,57 kg i u njima 48,69% mesa. Ukopljenici u kontrolnoj skupini imali su polutke teke prosjeno 94,99 kg i u njima 53,44% mesa. Za prirast od 22,56 kg do 117,19 kg ive vage potroili su po 275,49 kg krme i u njoj 3.580 MJ ME. Visoko signifikantna razlika u udjelu mesa u toplim polama intenzivno i standardno hranjenih tovljenika bila je pripisana razlici reima krmljenja pokusnih i kontrolnih svinja (Kusec, 2001). Poslije obrade podataka o svinjama iz Poeke kotline (Matokovi i sur., 1997) bila je, meutim, postavljena hipoteza, da se koliina mesa poveava, a udio mesa smanjuje u skladu s poveanjem mase toplih polovica zaklanih svinja. Tvrdnja je zatim provjerena podacima o svinjama u etiri europske zemlje i u Danskoj posebice. Obradom podataka u Danskom istraivakom institutu za meso hipoteza je bila potvrena (Sviben i Olsen, 2006). Uzeto je u obzir, da je razina mesnatosti posljedica prethodne primjene uzgojnih postupaka i aktualnih proizvodnih postupaka te je pretpostavljeno, da su se u zavisnosti od mase toplih polovica mogle kretati koliina mesa u polama po jednadbi YC = 19,2893 + 0,3248 X, a postotak mesa u polama po jednadbi YC = 91,634 0,298 X. Izraunali smo, da bi u toplim polama svinja tekima 111,57 kg moglo biti 55,54 kg ili 48,39%, a nali su ga 48,69%. Takoer smo izraunali, da bi u toplim polama tekima 94,99 kg moglo biti 50,14 kg ili 53,33% mesa, a nali su ga 53,44%. Opaeni udjeli mesa podudarili su se s oekivanima u pokusnoj i u kontrolnoj skupini tovljenika. U intenzivno (pokusno) hranjenih svinja postotak mesa u toplim polama bio je manji nego u standardno (kontrolno) tovljenih, jer su u istoj dobi pri klanju bile tee. Po nacrtu krmljenja za poboljanu izdanost ne proizvode se manje mesnati tovljenici.
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KLAONIKI OTPAD KAO BIOGNOJIVO NAKON PROCESA ALKALNE HIDROLIZE SLAUGHTERHOUSE WASTE AS A FERTILIZER AFTER THE PROCESS OF ALKALINE HYDROLISIS
Tajana Krika1, Neven Voa1, Vanja Jurii1, Tea Brlek Savi1, Sanja Kalambura2
1
Agronomski fakultet Sveuilita u Zagrebu, Zavod za poljoprivrednu tehnologiju, skladitenje i transport, Svetoimunska 25, Zagreb, e-mail: tkricka@agr.hr 2 Veleuilite Velika Gorica, Zagrebaka 5, e-mail:sanja_kalambura@yahoo.com
SAETAK Klaoniki otpad predstavlja potencijalno opasan otpad koji se prema zakonima EU mora spaljivati u spalionicama (EU regulative 1774/2002). injenica je da se ovaj otpad sakuplja pomijean, tj. sve tri kategorije klaonikog otpada u jednoj, to znatno oteava zbrinjavanje, jer se sav otpad smatra opasnim. Stoga EU uvodi alkalnu hidrolizu kao alternativnu metodu spaljivanja za sanaciju klaonikog otpada kojom se unitavaju prioni. Cilj ovog rada bio je odrediti kvalitetu fermentiranog ostatka nakon procesa anaerobne fermentacije klaonikog otpada prethodno podvrgnutog alkalnoj hidrolizi. Provedene su kemijske i mikrobioloke analize uzoraka; biogeni elementi bili su prisutni u umjerenim koncentracijama, dok su koncentracije tekih metala bile unutar dozvoljenih granica. Moe se zakljuiti da se fermentirani ostatak klaonikog otpada moe koristiti kao biognojivo u poljoprivrednoj proizvodnji, posebice u ratarskoj i travnjakoj proizvodnji. Kljune rijei: klaoniki otpad, alkalna hidroliza, anaerobna fermentacija, fermentirani ostatak
ABSTRACT Slaughterhouse waste is potentially dangerous waste which, according to the EU regulative 1774/2002, has to be incinerated in rendering house. It is a fact that all waste is being collected together, namely the three categories of slaughterhouse waste as only one, which makes its sanation almost impossible. Therefore, EU introduced alkaline hydrolysis as an alternative method of slaughterhouse waste sanation. Aim of this paper is to determine the quality of fermented residue after the process of alkaline hydrolysis of slaughterhouse waste. The research comprised of chemical analysis and microbiological tests of samples. Biogenic elements were present in moderate concentrations; values of heavy metals were within approved limits. This analysis leads to the conclusion that the fermented slaughterhouse waste can be used as a biofertilizer in agricultural production, especially in plant production and grassland cultivation. Keywords: slaughterhouse waste, alkaline hydrolysis, anaerobic digestion, fermented residue
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1
Faculty of Agriculture University of Zagreb, Department for Agricultural Technology, Storing and Transport, Svetoimunska 25, Zagreb, Croatia, e-mail: tkricka@agr.hr 2 Politechnical Faculty Velika Gorica, Zagrebaka 5, Velika Gorica, Croatia, e-mail: sanja_kalambura@yahoo.com
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KRMIVA 2008 UTJECAJ PROIZVODNJE BIOETANOLA IZ ITARICA NA STOARSTVO EFFECT OF THE BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION FROM CEREALS ON ANIMAL PRODUCTION
Darko Grbea Sveuilite u Zagrebu, Agronomski fakultet
Porast potranje za hranom i promjena hranidbenih navika u zemljama u razvoju, osobito Indoneziji, Indiji i Kini, najnie zalihe itarica u zadnjih 25 godina, pekulacije na tritu, visoke cijene nafte i gnojiva glavni su, a proizvodnja bioetanola dodatni faktor porasta svjetske cijene itarica na rekordnu razinu. Dananja generacija biogoriva, etanol i ulje su konkurencija proizvodnji hrane jer se proizvode iz energetskih komponenti biljaka kroba itarica, eera trske i repe, te ulja uljarica, pa su ove osnovne hranjive tvari manje dostupne domaim ivotinjama. Za podmirenje naglog porasta potronje mesa, mlijeka i jaja svjetsko stoarstvo treba svake godine dodatnih oko 27 milijuna tona itarica. Cijene etanola i biodizela prate visoke (90-120 $/119 l) cijene nafte te preusmjeravaju (91 milijun tona u 2007.) itarica u proizvodnju bioetanola koja je isplativija od proizvodnje hrane. Svaki porast cijene etanola za 0,10 $ prati porast cijene kukuruza za 0,28 $, pa i mali porast cijene etanola odmah i snano povisuje cijenu kukuruza. Procjenjuje se da e cijene itarica i sojine same te ulja za 3040% poveati cijenu stone hrane i 20-30% cijene mesa u svijetu. Meutim, itarice e biti znatno (76%) skuplje u siromanim zemljama koje su uvoznice hrane, a stoarstvo EU-25 e ovo kotati dodatnih 10 milijardi eura u 2008. Samo gubici u svinjogojstvu Danske su 45 eura, a SAD 60 $ po utovljenoj svinji. Iako se danas samo 1% obradivih povrina koristi za proizvodnju biogoriva, pitanje je da li je moralno pretvoriti energiju 90 kg kukuruza u etanol (38 l) to je koliina dovoljna za jedno punjenje rezervoara automobila ili ju iskoristiti za proizvodnju hrane koja je dostatna za prehranu jednog djeteta tijekom godine dana. SAD su najvei svjetski proizvoa (330 milijuna t.), izvoznik (70 milijuna t.) i preraiva (82 milijuna t.) kukuruza u etanol, pa odreuju stanje itarica na svjetskom tritu. Predvia se da e se u iduih 7 godina 45% kukuruza koristiti za proizvodnju etanola pa e SAD znatno veu koliinu kukuruza koristiti za proizvodnju etanola nego izvoziti, to e jo vie poveati manjak i cijenu itarica na svjetskom tritu. Razdoblje visokih cijena kukuruza trajati e 4-6 godina to ovisi o proizvodnji itarica, trajanju visokih cijena nafte koje preusmjeravaju kukuruz u proizvodnju etanola, ambicioznosti SAD i EU u mijeanju 10% ili vie biogoriva u transportna goriva, te vremena kada e se poeti primjenjivati tehnologija proizvodnje biogoriva iz lignoceluloze. Meutim, visoka cijena kukuruza i soje mogu smanjiti njihovo koritenje za biogoriva. U Europi se samo 2% itarica koristi za proizvodnju etanola pa je tako u 2007 proizvedeno 1,77 milijardi litara, a oko 1,0 milijarde je uvezeno iz Brazila gdje ga se sve vie proizvodi na povrinama iskrenih prauma (ekologija). Meutim, znatna koliina etanola e se proizvoditi u Panonskoj nizini. Prema dostupnim podacima, u Hrvatskoj e se u etanol preraditi najmanje 250 000 t, Maarskoj oko 2,0 milijuna, a u Srbiji 1,5 milijuna mjeavine kukuruza i penice, pa e na regionalnom tritu biti za 20-30% manje itarica za domae ivotinje, a pojaviti e se i znatne (1,2 milijuna tona) koliine alkoholnog tropa itarica. Pri dananjoj razini tehnologije proizvodnje biogoriva od 1 tone itarica ostane 320 kg alkoholnog tropa ili 2,6 tona po hektaru. Procjenjuje se da e se u svijetu u 2007/08 proizvesti oko 29,1 (91x0,32) milijuna tona alkoholnog tropa itarica, uglavnom kukuruznog i to najvie u SAD. Alkoholni trop od mjeavine kukuruza, penice i jema razlikuje se po sastavu od kukuruznog tropa koji se proizvodi u SAD i o kojem postoji veliki broj podataka.. Trop kukuruza sadri u prosjeku 30% proteina, 12,68% esencijalnih aminokiselina, 10% ulja i 10% vlakana (10%) te 5,2% minerala. Visoki udjel tropa u hrani ivotinja ograniavaju varijabilni i neuravnoteeni sastav, mogua pregorenost i sadraj mikotoksina. Cijene alkoholnog tropa (DDGS) su 60%
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cijene kukuruza pa njegovo maksimalno ukljuivanje u obrok smanjuje rast cijena animalnih proizvoda. Iskustva SAD pokazuju da se 35% tropa prodaje u svjeem (63-68% vlage) stanju koji je za 20-30% jeftinija hrana za krave i junad od suhog tropa, ali samo ako se troi u krugu do 80 km oko pogona. Maksimalni udjel suhog alkoholnog tropa kukuruza u hranidbi krava je 20%, junadi 30-40%, suprasnih krmaa 50%, breih krmaa 20%, tovnih svinja 20-25%, brojlera 15, a nesilica 10%. Visoka razina ulja ograniava njegov udjel u hrani tovnih svinja, a visoka razina natrija ograniava njegov vii udjel u hrani peradi. Vee potrebe od proizvodnje itarica e i u iduem razdoblju pogodovati rastu cijena hrane za ivotinje, a time i hrane za ljude. U EU se samo 1-2% itarica (neGMO) koristi za proizvodnja biogoriva a trebalo bi 5% za ciljano 35% smanjenje emisije staklenikih plinova a da pri tome ne smije biti konkurencija ljudskoj hrani i nepovoljna po okolinu (unitavanje prauma). Proizvodnja bioetanola iz itarica pogoduje razvoju specijalizirane, osobite krupne ratarske, ali moe dovesti do znatnijeg smanjenja stoarske proizvodnje, ako znaajnije ne porastu cijene hrane za ljude. Relativno stimulira govedarstvo osobito u okolici pogona i ugroava svinjogojstvo i peradarstvo. Visoka cijena itarica stimulira vei udjel suproizvoda i aditiva u hranidbi ivotinja. Sve su glasniji zahtjevi za koritenjem novih dohodovnih GM varijeteta kukuruza te animalne masti i proteina. Upitna je opravdanost enormno visoke proizvodnje etanola iz itarica jer malo (13%) smanjuje emisiju staklenikih plinova, a puno povisuje cijenu hrane. Proizvodnja etanola iz lignoceluloznog materijala povisit e dostupnu koliinu itarica, ali bi mogla smanjiti proizvodnju voluminozne krme.
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KRMIVA 2008 RATARSKE SIROVINE ZA PROIZVODNJU BIOGORIVA U RH FIELD CROPS FOR BIOFUEL PRODUCTION IN CROATIA
Boris Varga, Zlatko Svenjak, eljko Juki Agronomski fakultet Sveuilita u Zagrebu
Postojea skromna proizvodnja zrna itarica u pravilu nedovoljna za zadovoljenje domae potranje, samo u pojedinim godinama osigurava odreenu koliinu krobnatog zrna za izvoz ili preradu u etanol. Trajno deficitarna proizvodnja uljarica za proizvodnju biodizela sporo se poveava. Interesi i aktivnosti u izgradnji kapaciteta za preradu zrna itarica i uljarica u biogorivo idu brim tempom i vei su od rasta proizvodnje sirovine za preradu. Takva situacija pogoduje rastu cijena ne samo sirovinama za preradu u biogorivo nego i hrane openito. Obzirom da svjetski kapaciteti za preradu zrnatih kultura u biogoriva rastu bre od proizvodnje zrna, debalans u ponudi sirovina za preradu smanjuje svjetske zalihe i uzrokuje rast cijena poljoprivrednih sirovina. Rast cijena poljoprivrednih sirovina posljedica je i rasta cijene energije. Propisi Europske unije koji onemoguuju koritenje GM sortimenta u Europi pa tako i u RH dodatno oteavaju dravnu intervenciju na tritu. Interventne mjere drave su nezgrapne, spore i provode se sa zakanjenjem to dodatano oteava situaciju proizvoaa hrane openito, ali i koritenje ve izgraenih kapaciteta za proizvodnju biogoriva. Radi stabiliziranja domaeg trita valja preciznije regulirati trite zrnom itarica u RH. Potrebno je smanjiti izvoz zrna itarica, a izgradnju preraivakih kapaciteta u biogorivu usuglasiti s rastom proizvodnje sirovinske osnove. Takoer, odmah se moe prii stimuliranju proizvodnje bioplina na postojeim goveim farmama s adekvatnim namjenama proizvedene energije.
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SUDANSKA TRAVA - ENERGETSKA BILJKA ZA PROIZVODNJU BIOPLINA SUDAN GRASS - ENERGY CROP FOR BIOGAS PRODUCTION
Kralik D.,1 Kaniai Gabriella,1 Elter Ana-Marija,1 Kuki S.,2 Uranjek Nataa 3
SAETAK Zbog izrazito visokog prinosa zelene mase, Sudanska trava (Sorghum sudanense L.) postaje interesantna kultura koja moe zamijeniti silani kukuruz u bioplinskim postrojenjima. Sudanska trava je jednogodinja visoka trava, daje izuzetno visoke prinose kvalitetne zelene mase koju moemo koristiti kao zelenu krmu, sjenau ili silau. Zbog kasnih rokova sadnje dobra je kao postrana kultura. U provedenim istraivanjima ostvarena je proizvodnja sudanske trave od 82 tone po hektaru. Zbog visokog prinosa sudanske trave mogue je ostvariti istu proizvodnju silae koristei samo 60% povrina koje smo koristili kod proizvodnje kukuruzne silae. Prednost uzgoja sudanske trave oituje se u mogunosti uvoenja ove kulture u plodored, a koja nee zauzimati prostor i vrijeme predvieno do sada za proizvodnju kultura koje slue za prehranu ljudi i ivotinja. Pomou sudanske trave ostvariv je vei prinosa biomase nego uzgojem kukuruza a energetski potencijal u proizvodnji bioplina je isti. Sudanska trava pokazala se kao pogodna kultura u sunim uvjetima. Svinjskoj gnojovki dodano je 10% sudanske trave (ST) a kontrolnu grupu (K) ini svinjska gnojovka bez dodataka. Sve grupe su postavljene u tri ponavljanja. Proces anaerobne fermentacije odvijao se u diskontinuiranom procesu pri mezofilnim uvjetima (40C) uz retencijsko trajanje od 60 dana. Prosjena ukupna proizvodnja bioplina kod supstrata s dodatkom ST iznosi 13.720 ml l-1, a ostvarena proizvodnja bioplina u kontrolnoj grupi iznosi 9.320,00 ml l-1. Proizvodnjom sudanske trave nee se ugroziti proizvodnja hrane i proizvodnja krmnih kultura jer ostvaruje vei prinos biomase nego kukuruz i dobra je kultura za postrne uvjete. Dokazano je da se koritenjem sudanske trave radi poboljanja svojstva gnojovke a u cilju proizvodnje bioplina, poveava koliinu bioplina za 32%. Znaajne razlike u koncentracije metana izmeu grupa nisu utvrene, tj. dodavanjem biomase ne ugroava se energetska kvaliteta bioplina.
Kljune rijei: bioplin, sudanska trava, energetske biljke
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Prof.dr.sc. Davor Kralik, Kaniai Gabriella, dipl. ing, Elter Ana-Marija, dipl. ing, - Poljoprivredni fakultet u Osijeku, Trg sv. Trojstva 3, 31000 Osijek; Sreko Kuki dipl. oec. - Bioplin-Baranja d.o.o., Tina Ujevia 7, HR-31327 Bilje; Nataa Uranjek ito d.o.o. akovtina 3, 31000 Osijek,
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KRMIVA 2008 PROIZVODNJA BIOGORIVA I UTJECAJ NA EUROPSKO TRITE SIROVINA BIOFUEL PRODUCTION AND ITS EFFECT ON EUROPE'S RESOURCE MARKET
Sanja Kalambura1, dipl.ing, Dejan Kalambura2, dipl.oecc
1
Veleuilite Velika Gorica s pravom javnosti; 2BBS Projekt, Zagreb
SAETAK Europska unija je nizom stratekih dokumenata odredila smjernice za postizanje sve veeg udjela biogoriva na svom tritu. Republika Hrvatska u cijelosti slijedi zakonodavstvo EU te budui je na samom zaetku, postvalja se pitanje optimalnog odabira tehnologija za proizvodnju biogoriva. imbenici koji utjeu na broj postrojenja su kapaciteti odnosno raspoloivosti pojedinih vrsta sirovina. Bioplin, biodizel i bioetanol znaajni su obnovljivi izvor energije te u pogledu cjelokupnog programa zatite okolie predstavljaju neizostavnu kariku. Ovisno o modelu proizvodnje biogoriva nekoliko je vrsta sirovina koje se koriste: organski otpad, zelena masa, uljana repica, otpadno jestivo ulje, kukuruz. No to kada proizvodnja pojedinih sirovina, primjerice kukuruza, za potrebe proizvodnje bioetanola, znaajno ugroava isplativost rada jednako vanih bioplinskih postrojenja? Negativna slika trita sirovina ve je vidljiva na primjeru talijanskih postrojenja gdje su mnoga bioplinska postrojenja suena s velikim gubicima jer im upotreba zelene mase nije vie dostupna ili nije ekonomski isplativa. Pri tome valja napomenuti nedostatke pojedinih tehnologija koje teko podnose izmjene tehnolokog procesa ili je ipak rije o trenutno ne realnom rastu cijena sirovina potaknutim raznim subvencijama. Kljune rijei: biogoriva, sirovine, ekonomska isplativost SUMMARY Employing a line of strategic documents the European Union has set guidelines for achieving ever growing fractions of biofuel on its market. The Republic of Croatia adheres in full to EU legislature and because it is at the beginning of its application the question arises on which technology is most suitable for the production of biofuel. Factors which influence the number of facilities are the capacity and availability of specific resources. Biogas, biodiesel and bioethanol are significant renewable sources of energy and are therefore an irreplaceable aspect of environmental protection as a whole. Depending on the model of biofuel production several types of resources can be used: organic waste, green mass, rapeseed, waste vegetable oil, and corn. But what is the outcome when the production of certain resources, corn for the needs of bioethanol for example, considerably endangers the feasibility of equally important biogas facilities? A negative view of resource markets is already visible in the example of Italian facilities where many biogas facilities are faced with great losses because green mass is no longer available or economically feasible. Therefore, it is important to mention the inadequacies of certain technologies which do not cope well with modifications in the technology process or in the case of an unrealistic rise of resource prices influenced by various subsidies. Key words: biofuel, resources, economic feasibility
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RASPOLOIVE POLJOPRIVREDNE POVRINE ZA PROIZVODNJU BIOGORIVA U HRVATSKOJ AGRICULTURAL AREAS AVAILABLE FOR BIOFUEL PRODUCTION IN CROATIA
Franjo Tomi i Tajana Krika SAETAK Zbog ekonomskih i ekolokih razloga nastavlja se unapreivanje proizvodnje i irenje koritenja biogoriva u svijetu i EU. Zalihe fosilnih goriva (nafte i plina) su sve manje i oni su sve skuplji, a emisiju staklenikih plinova treba po Kyjoto protokolu smanjivati zbog ublaavanja klimatskih pojava, koje bi mogle izazvati nesagledive posljedice. Budui da postoje ograniene povrine za proizvodnju biomase, biogoriva bi mogla, po strategiji EU, zamijeniti fosilna goriva samo u jednom dijelu. Tako se je EU obvezala da do 2030. godine, uz razvoj ostalih obnovljivih energija (hidro energije, solarne, energije vjetra, geotermalne), biogoriva zamjene naftu u prometu za 25 %. S obzirom da je Hrvatska kandidat za lanstvo u EU, potrebno je raditi najprije na ispunjenju obveze od 5,75 % udijela biogoriva, koju ima svaka lanica do 2010. godine. Hrvatska ima ukupno 2,955.728 ha poljoprivrednih povrina. Od toga su 1,074.159 ha pogodne i umjereno pogodne za uzgoj poljoprivrednih kultura. Ogranieno pogodne i privremeno nepodne povrine, na kojima je potrebna izvedba melioracijskih mjera, iznose 1,074.510 ha, dok su trajno nepogodne povrine 806.328 ha. Meutim, za uzgoj poljoprivrednih kultura, u 2005. godini koritene su povrine od samo 937.000 ha i za livade i panjake 265.000 ha. Dakle, ak 946.669 ha, na kojima je potrebna uzvedba melioracijskih mjera manjeg ili veeg intenziteta, mogue je korisiti, uz pravilno bilanciranje, za poveanje poljoprivredne proizvodnje i za uzgoj energetskih usjeva u svrhu proizvodnje biogoriva. Ove injenice dokazuju da Hrvatska raspolae s potrebnim povrinama i u svrhu proizvodnje koliina biogoriva potrebnih po postojeim direktivima EU. ABSTRACT For both economic and ecological reasons, production of biofuels is being improved and their use is expanding all over the world, and so also in the EU. Reserves of fossil fuels (oil and gas) are getting rapidly depleted and their prices are constantly rising. According to the Kyoto protocol, greenhouse gas emissions should be reduced to mitigate climate changes that could have unforeseeable consequences. Since areas for biomass production are restricted, the EU strategy is to replace fossil fuels by biofuels only partially. Thus, the EU member states are committed, along with developing other renewable energies (hydro, solar, wind, geothermal), to replace 25 % of petrol in transport by biofuels by the year 2030. As Croatia is a candidate for EU membership, it should make efforts to meet the requirement of 5.75 % share of biofuels that each member state should fulfil by the year 2010. Croatia has 2,955,728 ha of agricultural land, of which 1,074,159 ha is suitable or moderately suitable for field crop production. Marginally suitable and currently not suitable areas, on which ameliorative measures are necessary, cover 1,074,510 ha, while permanently not suitable areas extend on 806,328 ha. However, only 937,000 ha were used for field crop production in 2005 while 265,000 ha were under meadows and pastures. Thus, as many as 946,669 ha, requiring more or less intensive ameliorative measures, are available, with adequate balancing, for extension of agricultural production and for production of energy crops intended for biofuels. These facts indicate that Croatia possesses areas required to produce the quantities of biofuels required by the relevant EU directives.
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KRMIVA 2008 UPRAVLJANJE TOPLINSKIM STRESOM U MLIJENIH KRAVA MANAGEMENT OF HEAT STRESS IN DAIRY COWS
Germano Brajkovi, dr.vet.med., Buzet, Trstenik 20 Davor Perki, dr.vet.med., Kui promet d.o.o, Sv. I. Zelina SAETAK Toplinski stres jedan je od problema s kojima se susreemo u modernoj proizvodnji mlijeka. Njegov negativni utjecaj direktno pogaa proizvodne (kvalitativne i kvantitativne) rezultate, reprodukcijske karakteristike, opu otpornost organizma i smanjenu rekuperacijsku mo visokomlijenih krava u suhostaju, te pripremi za predstojeu laktaciju. Toplinski stres uzrokuje itav niz klinikih i subklinikih pojava kod muznih krava, kada temperatura i vlanost zraka preu prag takozvanog komforta koji negativno utjee na efikasnost proizvodnje i reprodukcije. Toplotni stres ovisi o vanjskim i unutarnjim faktorima: vanjski faktori o iritacija sunane topline o temperatura objekta o ventilacija o vlanost unutarnji faktori o toplina proizvedena fermentativnim procesima u buragu o rad buraga i kapure o bazalni metabolizam o toplina proizvedena lokomotorikom (kretanjem)
Karakteristike i simptomi toplotnog stresa su: poviena tjelesna temperatura smanjeni utroak suhe tvari smanjena proizvodnja mlijeka ( bjelanevina i mlijene masti) smanjena plodnost smanjena imunoloka sposobnost
Termiki komfort mlijenih krava: Kod goveda termiki komfort kree se od 5 do 25C, ali na komfort ivotinja znatno utjee vlanost zraka. to je nia relativna vlaga to je laki gubitak topline evaporacijom prisutnoj na povrini koe. Evaporacijom voda apsorbira toplinu krvi ivotinja i sniava tjelesnu temperaturu, te ivotinja osjea olakanje. Kada zbroj temperature i vlage prijee granicu 100 govori se o diskomfortu koji je nepovoljan za krave muzare (npr. temperatura od 30 C i vlaga od 80 %, esta pojava u ljetnim mjesecima daje zbroj 30 + 80 = 110). Istraivanja su pokazala da temperatura iznad 25C maksimalnog termikog komforta i 75 % relativne vlage zraka, kod muznih krava visoke proizvodnje, poveana rektalna temperatura i do 40 C, ivotinja osjea simptome febrilnosti.
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Kako se boriti i suzbijati toplinski stres: poboljati uvjete ivljenja blagostanje ivotinja voditi rauna o objektima o potrebe na vodi o ventilacija i rashlaivanje o ishrana koncentrirani, mineralno vitaminski, tamponski dio obroka o ishrana voluminoznim obrokom
Kljune rijei: toplinski stres, visokomlijene krave, termiki komfort, ventilacija, metaboliki tamponi.
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KRMIVA 2008 SAPROBIOLOKA OCJENA KVALITETE VODE RIJEKE VARDAR U R. MAKEDONIJI NA OSNOVU BIOINDIKATORSKIH VRSTA RIBA SAPROBIOLOGICAL WATER QUALITY EVELUATION OF THE RIVER VARDAR IN THE R. MACEDONIA ACCORDING TO BIOINDIKATORY TYPE OF FISH
Rodne Nastova-Djordjioska JNU "Institut za stoarstvo"- Skoplje (PSI "Animal husbandry Institute" - Skopje)
SAETAK U periodu od 1996. do 1999. g. vrena su sezonska uzorkovanja vode rijeke Vardar s ciljem da se napravi saprobioloka analiza vode na osnovu bioindikatorskih vrsta riba. U okviru naih istraivanja upotrijebljeni su podaci za indikatorsku teinu slijedeih vrsta: Gobio gobio, Salmo trutta, Barbus barbus, Rhodeus sericeus, Silurus glanis i Ictalurus nebulosus. Vrijednosti saprobne valence prema metodi Zelinka-Marvan uglavnom su bile u granicama mezosaprobnosti i oligosaprobnosti, mada su na pojedinim lokalitetima biljeene vrijednosti za mezosaprobnosti. Dobiveni rezultati za saprobioloku valorizaciju kvalitete vode pokazuju da se rijeka Vardar moe podijeliti u tri ekoloke zone, a to upozorava da treba poduzeti sve neophodne mjere da se odri odgovarajua kvaliteta vode.
SUMMARY In the period 1996 1999 seasonal examinations of the water of the river Vardar were done in order to do saprobational analyses on the basis of bioindicational types of fish. Within our examinations the data for indicatory weight of the following types were used: Gobio gobio, Salmo trutta, Barbus barbus, Rhodeus sericeus, Silurus glanis and Ictalurus nebulosus. The values of saprobational valency according to Zelinka-Marvan's method were in range of mezosaprobation and oligosaprobation, although on some locations were found values of mezosaprobation. The results for saprobational valorization water quality show that the river Vardar can be divided into three ecological zones, which signals that all the necessary measurements should be done to keep the suitable water quality.
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UTJECAJ KVALITETE KRMIVA NA PROIZVODNOST I ZDRAVLJE MLIJENIH KRAVA THE EFFECTS OF FORAGE QUALITY ON PRODUCTION AND HEALTH IN DAIRY COWS
Vajda V., Maskaov I. University of veterinary medicine in Koice
SUMMARY Evaluation of energy metabolism using the analysis of feed ration, rumen fermentation, and blood markers of energy metabolism in 363 dairy cows has shown: - In the period of preparation for parturition bulky type of feed ration contained increased value of neutral-detergent fibre (NDF in 60 % of herds) and acid-detergent fibre (ADF in 50 % of herds) with limiting values of non-fibrous carbohydrates (NFC). An increased levels of acetic acid (in 57 %) and decreased propionic acid (in 38 % animals), respectively with wider ratio C2:C3=3.3:1 increase in 53% animals, significantly limit adaptation of the rumen metabolism to the concentrate type of feed ration after parturition. Such type of fermentation is a precondition for a tendency to lipomobilisation (30 % animals) and increase of hepatal load (40 % animals). - In the postpartal period - change to the concentrate type of TMR with increased levels of NFC (50 % herds), and low degree of adaptation of the rumen fermentation result in the rumen acidification (50 % animals), accompanying ketogenesis (34 % animals), increase hepatal load (64 % animals), and ketosis occurrence (12-34 % dairy cows). - In the period of the lactation peak - gradual stabilization of ruminal as well as intermediary metabolism with manifestation of ketogenesis in 25 % examined animals, with nutritional and metabolic load of the liver in 52 % animals, are observed. Increase in the portion of concentrates for increase of nutrient concentration in TMR manifests by the rumen acidification with a tendency to a decrease in milk fat and increased manifestations of the hoof disorders. Further increase of the level of milk production and milk components requires: - improvement of the quality, nutritional value and digestibility of forages, - nutritional prevention and formation of productive health of herds should be carried out by increase of the intake of forage dry matter, and stabilization of the rumen and intermediary metabolism of high-productive dairy cows, in respective their phases of nutrition.
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KRMIVA 2008 TANINI U HRANIDBI PREIVAA TANNINS IN RUMINANT NUTRITION

Andrej Lavreni
ABSTRACT Tannins are polyphenolic substances with various molecular weights and a variable complexity, which have a common characteristic to precipitate proteins. They are commonly found in feeds such as fodder legumes, browse leaves, fruits and in wood and bark of many trees. Most commonly tannins are considered to be harmful or toxic to animals. However, in last few years this perception changes, because feeding some feeds containing tannins or offering tannin containing extracts to animals can increase their productive performances. From this point of view we examined the effects of tannins on the activity of rumen microorganisms by following their effects on gas, volatile fatty acid and methane production. Furthermore, we examined the effect of tannins on the formation of complexes with proteins and their effect on protein degradability and digestibility. At the end, we tried to summarize the research on effects of tannins on milk production and composition and on meat production and quality. Wherever it will be possible the effects of two in Europe most commonly used and commercially available tannin containing products for animal nutrition, chestnut (CWE) and quebracho wood extract (QWE), will be described.
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Assist. Prof., Ph.D., University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Animal Sciences, Groblje 3, SI-1230 Domale
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PRIRAST MLAI KALIFORNIJSKE PASTRVE (Oncorhynchus mykiss) U OVISNOSTI OD SADRAJA SLOBODNE UGLJINE KISELINE U VODI GROWTH RATE OF THE RAINBOW TROUT`S FRY (Oncorhynchus mykiss) DEPENDENCE ON CONTENTS OF FREE CARBONIC ACID IN THE WATER
Samir Muhamedagi, Salko Muratovi
Poveani sadraj slobodne ugljine kiseline u vodi nepovoljno djeluje na organizam riba, posebno na organizam salmonidnih vrsta riba. Prema brojnim literaturnim navodima koncentracija slobodne ugljine kiseline iznad 25 mg/L je tetna za ribe. U istraivanjima provedenim u mrijestilitu Bavarskog instituta za ribarstvo, Njemaka, tijekom 2000. godine, ispitivan je utjecaj poveanih koncentracija slobodne ugljine kiseline na prirast i iskoritavanje hrane kod mlai kalifornijske pastrve (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792.) u dobi do 3 mjeseca i utroak hrane za jedinicu prirasta, te pratili pojave bolesti i mortalitet kao pokazatelje uzgojnog uspjeha. Koncentracija slobodne ugljine kiseline u pojedinim je oglednim bazenima bila razliita. U hranidbi mlai su koritene starter smjese granulacije 0,1 i 2 gr., a sama hranidba mlai bila je prilagoena fizikokemijskim parametrima vode u uzgajalitu. Rezultati istraivanja su pokazali da razliite koncentracije slobodne karbonatne kiseline nisu znaajno utjecale na iskoritavanje hrane. Konzumiranje hrane bilo je u pozitivnoj korelaciji sa brojem jedinki u svakom bazenu pa je razliita koliina konzumirane hrane rezultat nejednakog broja jedinki u bazenima. Hranidbeni koeficijent (FQ) je u svim bazenima iznosio 0,9 i ovakav rezultat se moe smatrati optimalnim. Slobodna ugljina kiselina u koncentraciji veoj od 25 mg/l nepovoljno je djelovala na prirast mlai. Prosjena tjelesna masa mlai statistiki je znaajno manja (P<0,05) u odnosu na mla u kontrolnom bazenu. Koncentracija slobodne ugljine kiseline preko 15 mg/l nije nepovoljno djelovala na prirast mlai. Kljune rijei: slobodna ugljina kiselina, kalifornijska pastrva, prirast
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KRMIVA 2008 KONTROLA ENERGETSKOG BALANSA U SUHOSTAJU, KLJU USPJEHA U PROIZVODNJI MLIJENIH KRAVA ENERGY BALANCE CONTROL IN TRANSITION, A KEY TO SUCCESS IN DAIRY PRODUCTION
Dott. Andrea Formigoni docente di nutricionale e alimentazione animale falcota di medicina veterinaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
SAETAK Koliina raspoloive energije u odnosu na potrebe kod muznih krava od prvorazrednog je znaenja, kako bi se sprijeilo izbijanje raznih pojava koje negativno utjeu na blagostanje ivotinja i na proizvodne sposobnosti. Nain ishrane u intenzivnoj proizvodnji nije uvijek u stanju pokriti energetski balans. Ponekad je to pozitivni energetski balans (BEP), a u veini sluajeva je negativan (BEN). U prvom sluaju viak energije akumulira se u masne depoe (ivotinja dobiva na teini), u drugom sluaju ivotinja mobilizira vlastite rezerve ime se troi, a dugotrajnija pojava moe dovesti do ugroavanja zdravstvenog stanja i do smrti. Negativni energetski balans (BEN) vrlo esto se vee za nepovoljne klimatske uvjete i neadekvatne objekte. Najee se javlja neposredno prije teljenja i to zadnjih 7 dana prije i prvih 3 - 4 tjedana poslije teljenja. U tom periodu ivotinja se susree sa poveanim zahtjevom za hranidbenim tvarima zbog poveanog bazalnog metabolizma, breg rasta ploda, poveanom sekrecijom i pripremom za proizvodnju kolostruma i mlijeka. ivotinja poinje troiti vlastite rezerve (masti, bjelanevine, minerale i vitamine) te gubi na teini. Javljaju se patoloka stanja koja mogu ugroziti zdravstveno stanje ivotinje (ketoze, acidoze, steatoze jetre, mastitisi, metritisi i smanjene imunoloke otpornosti). Sa BEN neposredno pred teljenje smanjena je kvaliteta i kvantiteta mlijeka. Smanjene su reprodukcijske sposobnosti pa se muzare izluuju iz proizvodnje. Praksa je pokazala da su muzare sa veom proizvodnjom one koje najvie izgube na teini i kondiciji ako trpe od neke dismetabolije. Te su ivotinje neposredno pred teljenje bile u blagom BEN, ali uz dobru ishranu i preventivu jetrenih dismetabolija daju najbolje rezultate. Kontrola negativne energetske bilanse: BEN kod muzara neposredno pred teljenje smanjuje se: visokim uzimanjem hrane, poveanom koncentracijom obroka bez veeg uea eerne i krobne komponente, odravanjem efikasnim metabolike funkcije upotrebom pojedinih komponenti obroka. Upotreba veih koliina ugljikohidrata vodi poveavanju BEN, te negativno utjee na mastikaciju a time i na celulitiku bakterijsku mikropopulaciju. Na probavne procese nepovoljno utjeu pojedine komponente metabolita (prema Allenu radi se o propionatu potaknutim sekrecijom inzulina). Izvori duika su neophodni mikropopulaciji koja utjee na probavljivost organskih tvari. Upotreba bjelanevinastih sirovina umjesto koncentriranih krmiva bogatih krobom poveava probavljivost smanjujui proizvodnju propionata, dok silaa bogata aminima u fermentacijskim procesima Clostridija smanjuje probavljivost. Upotreba by-pass metionina, lizina pozitivno utjee na uzimanje hrane. Kod velikog deficita BEN poveane su potrebe za alaninom i glutaminom koji slui proizvodnji glukoze od 40-60 %.
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Masti u tranziciji upotrebljavaju se ve due vremena kako bi se nadoknadio BEN. No, nekontrolirana upotreba masti mogla bi nepovoljno utjecati na probavljivost celuloze, bjelanevina i aminokiselina. U oksidativnim procesima masti nepovoljno utjeu na uzimanje hrane i zdravstveno stanje krava. Vei postotak masti u obroku povoljno djeluje na aktivaciju PPAR (peroxisome proliferator activated receptor). Radi se o sekundarnoj liniji oksidacije masti kod poveanja NEFA u cirkulaciji a potaknuta je raznim masnim kiselinama linolnom, linoleinskom itd. U tom oksidacijskom procesu sudjeluje i vitamin A. Smatra se da koliina od 100 grama masti dnevno je dovoljna da zadovolji metabolike procese u kojima mast uestvuje. Posebni tretmani krava u tranziciji da bi se sprijeio BEN i razne patologije u odreenom vremenskom periodu pred teljenje i period neposredno poslije teljenja potrebno je upotrijebiti pojedine zahvate koji su vremenski ogranieni a farmakoloke su naravi. Upotreba glikolnog propilena (antiketozno sredstvo), pojedine aminokiseline, masne kiseline, omega 3 kiseline, prebiotici i probitoici koji utjeu na metabolizme ugljikohidrata i bjelanevina, te na taj nain tite jetru. Prebiotici (oligosaharidi) uvaju i potpomau regeneraciju mukoze probavnog trakta, dok probiotici stimuliraju kolonizaciju korisnih mikroorganizama (laktobacila i bifobakterija). Primjena pojedinih vitamina u ishrani muzara u tranziciji: Vitamin E utjee na bolesti mlijene ljezde, smanjuje broj somatskih stanica i vri antioksidativnu funkciiju, doziranje 4000 mg dnevno neposredno prije teljenja, davanje u hrani je puno efikasnije. Vitamin C vri funkciju antioksidanta tedei vitamin E, potpomae regeneraciju glutatina, razgradnja vitamina C u buragu je skoro totalna pa se preporuuje davanje putem injekcija. Beta karotin smanjuje somatske stanice, poveava fagocitarnu sposobnost neutrofila. Vitamin B12 utjee ne metabolizam propionata i na glikemiju Acetil salicilna kiselina povoljno djeluje kod upalnih procesa (najnovija istraivanja).
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KRMIVA 2008 RAZVOJ VETERINARSTVA U HRVATSKOJ DEVELOPMENT OF VETERINARY MEDICINE IN CROATIA

Prof. dr. sc. Vesna Vuevac Bajt Institute for History, Ethics and Sociology of Veterinary Medicine Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb vvbajt@vef.hr
SAETAK Razvoj veterinarstva u Hrvatskoj zapoinje u srednjem vijeku, kada su napisane prve uredbe, koje su se odnosile na odravanje higijenskih mjera, a izdavale su ih autonomne gradske vlasti. Iz istog razdoblja sauvani su i prvi propisi iz ope zatite donoeni radi spreavanja pojave i irenja bjesnoe. Najstarije veterinarsko djelo potjee iz godine 1526., a tiskano je pod nazivom Delli remedi alle malatie de caualli (O lijeenju bolesti konja). Znaajniji napredak u razvoju veterinarstva u Hrvatskoj nastaje tek u 18. stoljeu, kada djeluju hrvatski prosvjetitelji, koji svojim radom obrazuju puk i unapreuju stoarstvo i veterinarstvo. Poetak razvoja veterinarskog zakonodavstva u Hrvatskoj uvjetovale su loe epizootioloke prilike, pa je prvi pisani veterinarski zakon donesen godine 1787. Znatan doprinos u razvoju stoarstva i veterinarstva dalo je Hrvatsko-slavonsko gospodarsko drutvo (1841.), zatim Hrvatsko-slavonsko veterinarsko drutvo (1893.), kojim je ojaana samoorganizacija veterinarskog stalea, kao i osnivanje Potkivake kole (1886.), koja se smatra preteom Veterinarske visoke kole. Bitne promjene u organizaciji i znaenju veterinarske slube u Hrvatskoj nastaju u 19. st., napose nakon donoenja Zakona o ureenju veterinarstva u Kraljevini Hrvatskoj i Slavoniji (1888.). U borbi protiv zaraznih bolesti znaajnu ulogu imao je i razvoj veterinarske literature. Osim brojnih knjiga nastalih kao prijevodi iz strane literature, u drugoj polovici 19. st. napisani su i prvi originalni veterinarski udbenici na hrvatskom jeziku. Tvorac tih udbenika bio je profesor Josip Ubl, koji je uao u hrvatsku veterinarsku povijest kao tvorac hrvatske veterinarske terminologije. Za razvoj veterinarstva presudno znaenje imala je odluka Zemaljske vlade, kojom se osnovao Hrvatsko-slavonski zemaljski bakterioloki zavod u Krievcima (1901.), samo 13 godina nakon osnutka Pasteurovog zavoda u Parizu. Najvaniji dogaaj u povijesti hrvatskog veterinarstva ipak je uslijedio osnutkom Veterinarske visoke kole u Zagrebu 1919., koja je pretvorena u Veterinarski fakultet 1924. godine. U razdoblju poslije Drugog svjetskog rata dolazi do znatnijih promjena u ustroju veterinarstva, poto su veterinarske stanice postale temeljne organizacijske jedinice, a veterinarske ambulante njihov sastavni dio. Ispunivi svoju primarnu zadau u zatiti stonog fonda, osobito u suzbijanju stonih zaraza, veterinarske stanice postigle su rezultate na osnovu kojih se veterinarska sluba Hrvatske uvrstila u red vodeih u Europi. Zahvaljujui svemu tome veterinarstvo je spremno doekalo temeljite politike i ekonomske promjene poetkom devedesetih godina 20-tog stoljea.
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SUMMARY Veterinary medicine in Croatia had its early beginnings in the Middle Ages, when the first decrees on hygiene regulations, issued by autonomous city administrations, were adopted. The first regulations on general measures aimed at preventing the incidence and spread of rabies date from the same period. The oldest veterinary medical work titled Delli remedi alle malatie de caualli (On treating diseases in horses) dates from 1526. A rapid development of veterinary medicine in Croatia occurred only in the 18th century, in the period of the Enlightenment, when cattle-breeding and veterinary service were improved and common people were given an opportunity to receive education. Unfavourable epizootic circumstances stimulated the development of veterinary legislation; the first veterinary law was enacted in 1787. The Croatian and Slavonian Economic Society (1841) and the Croatian and Slavonian Veterinary Society (1893) contributed significantly to the development of cattle-breeding and veterinary service, helping the self-organisation of the veterinary profession. In 1886, the Horseshoeing School, predecessor of the High School of Veterinary Medicine, was founded. Significant changes in the organisation and significance of the veterinary service in Croatia took place in the 19th century, upon passing the Act on Organisation of Veterinary Service in the Kingdom of Croatia and Slavonia (1888) in particular. The publication of veterinary literature played a significant role in fighting infectious diseases. Many veterinary books were translations from other languages. The first original veterinary medical text-books in Croatian were written in the second half of the 19th century. The author was professor Josip Ubl, who went down in the history of Croatian veterinary medicine as founder of Croatian veterinary medical terminology. A decision of the Croatian government, by which the national Bacteriological Institute was established in Krievci in 1901 only 13 years after Pasteur's institute in Paris was of utmost importance for further development of veterinary medicine. The most important event in the history of veterinary medicine was the establishment of the High School of Veterinary Medicine in Zagreb in 1919, which evolved into the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine in 1924. In the period after the second world war, veterinary service underwent considerable change: veterinary medical stations with veterinary clinics as their integral parts became fundamental organisational units. By fully completing their primary task in the protection of the lifestock number and particularly in fighting cattle infections, veterinary stations laid a strong foundation both for the veterinary service of Croatia to be among the leading services in Europe and for the political and economic transition which took place at the beginning of 1990s.
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KRMIVA 2008 SIGURNOST KRMIVA KAO UVJET ZDRAVSTVENE ISPRAVNOSTI HRANE NA TRITU SAFETY OF AN ANIMAL FOOD AS A CONDITION FOR SANITARY VALIDITY OF A FOOD ON A MARKET
Kozainski, L., M. Hadiosmanovi, . Cvrtila Fleck, N. Zdolec, I. Filipovi
Zdravstvena ispravnost i nekodljivost hrane bezuvjetan su zahtjev koji nameu potroai, proizvoai te meunarodna i domaa legislativa. Pri tome se mijenjaju i u skladu s EU legislativom uvode moderniji sustavi kontrole hrane. Higijenski paket koji je usvojen koncem 2007. godine (NN RH 99/2007) ine etiri propisa koji reguliraju nain provoenja kontrole zdravlja ivotinja i namirnica animalnog podrijetla, higijenu proizvodnje i prometa, te sigurnost hrane i hrane za ivotinje koje su namijenjene prehrani ljudi. Kljuna je odgovornost proizvoaa, koji kroz primjenu HACCP sustava i drugih koncepcija nadzora te sustava samokontrole, provode nadzor u svim fazama proizvodnje, prerade i prometa hrane i hrane za ivotinje. Sigurnost hrane za ivotinje preduvjet je sigurnosti hrane u cjelini. Temeljena na naelu od polja do stola, sigurnost hrane poinje od hranidbe i uzgoja ivotinja na farmama, do proizvodnje namirnica animalnog podrijetla. Pored zdravih ivotinja, za sigurnost hrane znaajna je zdravstvena ispravnost i sigurnost biljne proizvodnje koje ukljuuje nadzor nad sredstvima za zatitu bilja, kao i monitoring biorezidua u hrani to je bitan preduvjet ouvanja javnog zdravstva. Prilagoavanje novom stratekom okviru podrazumijeva pravilnu procjenu rizika u odnosu na fizikalne, kemijske i bioloke nokse koje pretpostavljaju sigurne limite nekodljivosti i daju garanciju za sigurnost i zdravstvenu ispravnost. Sustav kontrole poiva na nadlenim tijelima dravne uprave, koji preko inspekcijskih slubi provode nadzor nad proizvodnjom i prometom hrane, te na mrei laboratorija koji su dio sustava, a iji je rad reguliran zakonskim propisima i podrazumijeva primjenu ISO 17025 norme. Veoma je vano uspostaviti sljedivost koja ukljuuje zdravlje ivotinja, hranidbu, proizvodnju hrane i sastojaka hrane za ivotinje, kroz cijeli prehrambeni lanac. Na taj se nain primjenjuje sustav kontrole po naelu "od polja do stola", koji se s novom strategijom sljedivosti transformira i odvija pod motom od stola do polja. Sanitary validity and harmlessness of food are unconditional demands imposed by consumers, producers, international and homeland legislation. According to EU legislation, the systems of food control are being changed and are becoming more modern. Hygienic pack, adopted by the end of a year 2007 (NN RH 99/2007), is made of four rules which regulate the way of conducting the control over the health of animals and food of animal origin, hygiene of production and transportation, and safety of the food and food for animals intended for human consumption. The producers have the key responsibility, for they, by use of HACCAP system and other regimes of inspection and self-control, provide supervision of all phases of the production, processing and transportation of food and food for animals. Safety of an animal food is a precondition for safety of a food in toto. Based on a principle from the field to the table, safety of a food begins with nutrition and farming of animals and ends with the production of a food of animal origin. Beside the healthy animals, in the safety of a food an importatn role have also sanitary validity and safety of a plant production. This involves control over the use of plant-protectors and monitoring of bioresidues in food, what is important precondition for maintenance of public health. Adjustment to the new strategy implies correct risk analysis of physical, chemical and biological noxes, which presuppose secure limits of harmlessness and give assurance for safety and sanitary validity. System of control is found by Government authorities which, by inspection department, conduct the control over the production and transportation of a food and over the net of laboratories that are a part of the system and whose work is regulated by legal acts and connotes application of ISO 17025 norm. It is very importatn to establish traceability of animal health, nutrition, production of food and ingredients of animal food trough the whole food chain. In this way, the system based on a principle from the field to the table is used and, under the influence of a new strategy of traceability, modified and run under the motto from the table to the field.
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SADRAJ KONJUGIRANE LINOLNE KISELINE NA HRANJIVE TVARI I HRANU PROIZVEDENU KONVENCIONALNIM NAINOM I MIKROVALNIM ZAGRIJAVANJEM CONJUGATED LINOLEIC ACID CONTENT OF FEEDING STUFFS AND FOODS PRODUCED BY CONVENTIONAL AND MICROWAVE HEAT TREATMENT
1
Salamon, R.V., 2Lki, K., 1Salamon, Sz., 2Csap-Kiss, Zs., 1,2Csap J.
Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania, Cskszereda Campus, Department of Food Science 2 University of Kaposvr, Faculty of Animal Science, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
The role of fats and fatty acids, fats are composed of, in the human nutrition is well-known. Milk fat can contain considerable amount of the necessary essential fatty acids for satisfying the needs of the human organism, as well as considerable amount of conjugated linoleic acids (CLA), which have many useful physiological effects according to the latest researches. CLAs act as antioxidant; they neutralize different harmful external effects by their decomposition. Such harmful effects can be even various procedures used in the kitchen, like cooking or the use of microwave ovens. We set as the aim of our examinations to analyse the change of CLA content of milk and high-fat dairy products (cheese, butter) as a result of conventional heat treatment and microwave treatment. In our examinations milk, different cheeses as well as butter were heat treated (on a laboratory cooking plate), and microwave treated (450 W) for 2 and 8 min, respectively. In order to determine the CLA content, fatty acids were converted into fatty acid methyl esters using the boron trifluoride method, and stored in nhexanic solution until the analysis. The analyses were carried out using a Chrompack CP 9000 gas chromatograph, on a CP-Sil 88 (FAME) column. Both data found in the literature and our experiments confirmed that by "cooking of the butter in an appropriate way (ghee cooking), its CLA content can be increased considerably. However, if the specified parameters are not kept, opposite processes can take place. If butter is microwave treated, proportion of CLA does not change in the fatty acid content of the sample. Compared to this, in case of the milk and cheese samples examined, a small decrease of the CLA content occurred.
Keywords: milk, cheese, butter, conjugated linoleic acids, microwave
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KRMIVA 2008 SOFTACID NOVI, EFIKASNI I SIGURAN KONCEPT ZA PROIZVODNJU STONE HRANE BAZIRAN NA ZATIENIM ORGANSKIM KISELINAMA SOFTACID A NEW, EFFICIENT AND SAFE CONCEPT FOR THE FEED MARKET BASED ON PROTECTED ACIDS
Jakubowski, H. (Borregaard LignoTech, Dsseldorf Njemaka)
SoftAcid is a patented technology: The used organic acids are protected by modified lignosulphonic acid. All kind of organic acid combinations are possible. The big advantage is that it is classified as "Irritant" on: Metals, Concrete and Skin (based on the international OECD guidelines) In addition it is not classified as dangerous good, which is of high importance for: All kind of transport and storage purposes and also for an easy and secure handling. It has low volatility and evaporation: The evaporation is reduced by 70-80% within the production process. This is combined with less smelling due to the certain performance of the lignosulphonate in the mix. Last but not least, SoftAcid is a very competitive solution in terms of price.
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UTJECAJ GNOJIDBE NA UROD, KEMIJSKI SASTAV I HRANIDBENU VRIJEDNOST KLIPA I ZRNA KUKURUZA INFLUENCE OF FERTILIZATION ON YIELD, CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND NUTRITIVE VALUE OF MAIZE COB AND GRAIN
Marija Vukobratovi1, Nataa Pinti-Pukec2, Vesna Samobor1, . Vukobratovi1, V. Pinti1, . Kalember1
SAETAK Preko 80% proizvedene koliine kukuruza u Republici Hrvatskoj koristi se u hranidbi domaih ivotinja u sustavu proizvodnje mesa, mlijeka i jaja. Poznato je da postoji razlika u kemijskom sastavu i hranidbenoj vrijednosti izmeu razliitih hibrida, ali je manje poznato koliko gnojidba moe utjecati na promjenu istih. Tla sjeverozapadne Hrvatske neto su nepovoljnijeg hranidbenog potencijala, zato je na njima, za visoku biljnu, a s time u vezi i stoarsku proizvodnju, potrebno izvriti pojaanu gnojidbu, koja opet moe imati (naroito gnojidba duikom i fosforom), neeljeni utjecaj na okoli. Radi utvrivanja optimalne gnojidbe i njezinog utjecaja na kemijski sastav i hranidbenu vrijednost kukuruza (osjekog hibrida OSSK 444), izvrena su ispitivanja tijekom tri godine (2004.-2006.) na povrinama ekonomije Visokog gospodarskog uilita u Krievcima. Analizom tla (Paige, 1982.) utvrena je blago kisela reakcija (pH u KCL = 5,93), nizak sadraj humusa (1,99%), te osrednja opskrbljenost fosforom i kalijem (135 i 157 mg/kg). Pokus je postavljen po sluajnom blok rasporedu u etiri ponavljanja. Veliina parcele svakoga tretmana je bila 70 m2 (7x10 m), a tretmani su bili: 1 - bez gnojidbe; 2 - N80P100K0; 3 - N80P0K100; 4 - N0P100K100; 5 - N80P100K100; 6 - N120P100K100; 7 N120P200K200; 8 - N160P200K200; 9 - N200P200K200; 10 - N240P200K200. Nakon berbe izmjeren je urod i izvreno uzorkovanje kukuruza. Analitika zrna i klipa kukuruza obavljena je po Weende analizi u laboratoriju Visokoga gospodarskoga uilita. Na osnovi utvrenih sirovih organskih hranjivih tvari i sirovoga pepela u suhoj tvari klipa i zrna kukuruza, izraunata je metabolika energija (ME) i neto energija za laktaciju (NEL). Sadraj sirovoga proteina u suhoj tvari klipa kukuruza rastao je sa koliinom dodanog duika (91,99 - 108,35 g/kg). Analizom varijance utvrene su znaajne razlike (P<0,05) izmeu kontrole i varijante gnojidbe bez N i varijanata gnojidbe sa 200 i 240 kgN/ha. Sadraj sirove vlaknine u klipu varirao je od 92,63 do 100,91 g/kg. Dodatnim testiranjem po kontrolnim gnojidbenim tretmanima utvrene su razlike izmeu tretmana bez gnojidbe duikom i fosforom i dobro gnojenih varijanti. Ostvarene razlike u prosjenom sadraju sirove masti i NET-a, kao ni ME (11,35 11,48 MJ) i NEL (6,79 6,88 MJ), nisu statistiki znaajne u odnosu na gnojidbene tretmane (P>0,05). Sadraj sirovoga proteina u suhoj tvari zrna kukuruza kretao se od 109,48 do 128,72 g/kg. Analizom varijance utvrena je statistiki znaajna razlika izmeu etiri varijante gnojidbene (kontole i gnojidbe bez N i gnojidbe sa 200 i 240 kg N/ha) i sirovih proteina (P<0,05). Ostvarene razlike u prosjenom sadraju ostalih sirovih hranjivih tvari, tj. sirovih masti, vlaknine i NET-a nisu statistiki znaajne (P>0,05) u odnosu na gnojidbene tretmane, kao ni razlike izmeu ME (13,19 13,25 MJ) i NEL-a (8,14 8,20 MJ). Rezultati provedenoga istraivanja upuuju na zakljuak da je gnojidba izvrila utjecaj na sadraj sirovoga proteina u klipu i zrnu, a sirove vlaknine u klipu kod pojedinih gnojidbenih tretmana, meutim gnojidba nije izvrila znaajan utjecaj na hranidbenu vrijednosti klipa i zrna kukuruza (ME i NEL). Kljune rijei: klip kukuruza, zrno kukuruza, kemijski sastav, hranidbena vrijednost, varijante gnojidbe.
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KRMIVA 2008
ABSTRACT Over 80% of the maize produced in the Republic of Croatia is used for feeding domestic animals that are part of the meat, milk and egg production system. The differences in the chemical compound and nutritive value of the hybrids are well known, but the influence that the fertilization can have on them is not so well known. Soils in the north-west region Croatia are of lesser fertility potential, so in order to use them in high production of crops and, consequently of meat it is necessary to increasingly fertilize them, which in turn (especially when fertilized with nitrogen and phosphorus) can have undesirable effects on the environment. In order to establish the most appropriate treatment, an analysis of the influence of various fertilization treatments on chemical compound of maize (Osijek hybrid OSSK 444) was performed on the college farm in Krievci in during a period of three-year period (2004-2006). The soil analysis (Paige, 1982) established a mild acid reaction (pH in KCL = 5.93), low content of humus (1.99%) and medium supply level of phosphorus and potassium (135 and 157 mg/kg). The experimental trial was organized in four repetitions and in a randomized block scheme. The size of the plot for each treatment was 70 square meters (7x10 m), and the treatments were as follows: 1 no fertilization; 2 - N80P100K0; 3 N80P0K100; 4 - N0P100K100; 5 - N80P100K100; 6 - N120P100K100; 7 - N120P200K200; 8 - N160P200K200; 9 - N200P200K200; 10 - N240P200K200. After the harvest the yield was measured and the maize sampled. The analytics of the maize grain and cob were performed in the laboratory of College of agriculture at Krievci according to Weende analysis. The metabolic energy (ME) and net energy for lactation (NEL) were calculated on the basis of the determined crude organic nutrients and crude ash in maize grain and cob dry matter. The content of crude proteins in the maize cob dry matter increased with the increase of the added nitrogen (91.99 108.35 g/kg). The analysis of the variance showed significant differences (P<0.05) between the control and the fertilization without N and the fertilization with 200 and 240 kg N/ha). The content of crude fiber in cob varied from 92.63 to 100.91 g/kg. Additional testing according to the control fertilizing treatment showed differences between the treatment without nitrogen fertilization and phosphorus and well fertilized varieties. The obtained differences in the average content of crude oil and NET, and those of ME (11.35 11.48 MJ) and NEL (6.79 6.88 MJ) do not show statistically significant relation to the fertilization treatments (P >0.05) either. The content of crude protein in maize grain dry matter varied between 109.48 and 128.72 g/kg. The analysis of the variance showed statistically significant variations between four types of fertilizations (control treatment, fertilization with no N and fertilization with 200 and 244 kg N/ha) and crude proteins (P<0.05). The differences in avareage content of other nutrients, i.e. crude oils, fibre and NET do not show statistically significant (P<0.05) relation to fertilization treatments and neither do the differences between ME (13.19 13.25 MJ) and NEL (8.14 8.20 MJ). From the results of this research it can be conluded that fertilization influences the content of the crude protein in maize cob and grain, but does not significantly incluence the nutritive value of maize cob and grain (ME and NEL). Key words: maize cob, maize grain, chemical composition, nutritive value, type of fertilization
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Marija Vukobratovi, dipl. ing., dr. sc. Vesna Samobor, elimir Vukobratovi, dipl. ing., dr.sc. Vinko Pinti, mr.sc. urica Kalember - Visoko gospodarsko uilite u Krievcima, M. Demerca 1, 48260 Krievci, Hrvatska - College of agriculture at Krievci, M. Demerca 1, 48260 Krievci, Hrvatska 2 Nataa Pinti Pukec, dipl. vet. - HSC-Sredinji laboratorij za kontrolu mlijeka, Poljana Krievaka 185, 48260 Krievci - CLCCentral laboratory for milk control, Poljana Krievaka 185, 48260 Krievci
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TROVANJE GOVEDA OTRODLAKAVIM IROM (Amaranrthus Retroflexus) POISONING IN CATTLE ASSOCIATED WITH INGESTION OF REDROOT PIGWEED (Amaranrthus Retroflexus) CASE REPORT
Zadnik1, T, Stari1 J, Jeek1 J, Klinkon1 M, Cigler 2T
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Univerza v Ljubljani, Veterinarska Fakulteta, Klinika za prevekovalce, Cesta v Mestni log 47, 1000 Ljubljana 2 Veterinarska postaja Brestanica, d.o.o., olska 15, 8280 Brestanica
On a farm in east south of Slovenia two cows suddenly died over night without previous signs of disease. The cows were sent to post mortem examination to establish the cause of death because they were insured. The cows were eating green forage which contained a big part of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) at least five days. Local veterinarian suspected the poisoning with this plant. Patomorfological changes established by section of both cows confirmed the suspicion of poisoning.
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KRMIVA 2008 UTJECAJ HRANIDBE NA KOLIINU I SASTAV MLIJEKA NA MLIJENOJ FARMI SREDNJE GOSPODARSKE KOLE U KRIEVCIMA INFLUENCE OF FEEDING ON MILK COMPOSITION ON CATTLE FARM OF KRIEVCI SECONDARY AGRICULTURAL SCHOOL
D. ukli.,Tatjana Jelen., F.Poljak., J.Crni
SAETAK Odreivanje kemijskog sastava mlijeka proizvoaima i otkupljivaima mlijeka slui kao jedan od parametara za utvrivanje otkupne cijene mlijeka. Nutricionistima koliina uree u mlijeku pokazuje hranidbeni status mlijenih krava. U 2004., 2005. i 2006. na farmi krava muzara u govedarskom praktikumu Srednje gospodarske kole u Krievcima kvartalno je praena koliina mlijeka.Sastav mlijeka i koliina ureje u pojedinanim uzorcima analizirani su u Sredinjem laboratoriju za kontrolu kvalitete mlijeka u Krievakoj Poljanki. U svakom kontroliranom razdoblju nakon analize mlijeka i obroka uinjene su korekcije obroka uslijed ega je dolo do promjena u koliini i sastavu mlijeka. Ureja se na poetku kretala od vrlo niskih 5,38mg/dl. pa do 15-20 mg/dl u sredini kontrole da bi zavrila na 25 mg/dl na kraju kontroliranog razdoblja. Poveanje koliine ureje pratilo je i poveanje koliine mlijeka od 14,46 kg na poetku kontrole do 26,52 kg na kraju kontroliranog razdoblja. Statistiki je utvrena vrlo visoka pozitivna korelativna povezanost (P<0,001) izmeu sadraja proteina mlijeka i bezmasne suhe tvari u mlijeku u svim kontrolama. Isto tako je utvrena vrlo visoka korelativna povezanost (P<0,001) izmeu sadraja mlijene masti i suhe tvari u mlijeku od 3. do 10. kontrole to je tumaeno utjecajem poveanja koliine sirove vlaknine obroka. Kljune rijei: krave u laktaciji, ureja, utjecaj hranidbe
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UTJECAJ NAINA DRANJA I SEZONE NA SASTAV MASNIH KISELINA MLIJEKA U SLOVENIJI THE INFLUENCE OF REARING REGIME AND SEASON ON MILK FATTY ACID COMPOSITION IN SLOVENIA
Mojca Volj, Alenka Levart, Andrej Lavreni, Janez Salobir University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Zootechnical Department, Domale, Slovenia
Milk fat is the most variable component of milk and is affected by both physiological and environmental factors where nutrition of lactating animals is the predominant factor. The aim of our study was to evaluate milk fatty acid composition and its variability in Slovenia. For this purpose 47 bulk milk samples in year 2005 were collected. Samples were divided among two seasons (summer and winter) and two rearing regimes (intensive and extensive). Fatty acids (FAs) were converted to corresponding fatty acid methyl esters and analyzed using GC-FID. All analytical results are expressed as percentage (%) mass-fraction of total fatty acids. On average, milk fat contained 67.2 % of saturated fatty acids (SFAs), 28.4 % of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and 4.4 % of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Summer milk samples contained significantly lower portion of SFAs (64 % vs. 70.3 %) and significantly higher portion of MUFAs (30.9 % vs. 25,9 %) and PUFAs (5.1 % vs. 3.9 %) in comparison with winter milk samples. Milk from intensive rearing regime contained statistically higher concentration of SFAs (68.0 % vs. 66,3 %) and statistically lower concentration of MUFAs (28.0 % vs. 28,8 %) and PUFAs (4,1 % vs. 5.0 %) compared with extensive rearing regime, the differences being higher during summer season. Average concentration of CLA in milk samples was 0.9 %. The highest content of CLA (1.7 %) was observed during summer season in extensive regime and the lowest CLA content was determined in samples collected during winter season in intensive rearing regime (0.55%). Similarly to CLA, season and rearing regime affected the concentration of linolenic (C18:3 n-3) acid, while concentration of linoleic (C18:2 n-6) acid remained relatively constant. These results suggest that milk produced from extensively reared dairy cows especially in summer season contained higher amounts of health promoting FAs than milk form intensively reared cows in both summer and winter season.
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KRMIVA 2008 UTJECAJ SUBKLINIKE KETOZE NA DNEVNU KOLIINU I SASTAV MLIJEKA SLOVENSKIH HOLSTEIN KRAVA EFFECT OF SUBCLINICAL KETOSIS ON DAILY MILK YIELD AND MILK COMPONENTS OF SLOVENIAN HOLSTEIN
V. Gantner, K. Potonik, S. Jovanovac, N. Ragu
SAETAK Cilj je ovog istraivanja bio utvrditi utjecaj subklinike ketoze na dnevnu koliinu i sastav mlijeka slovenskih holstein krava upotrebom podataka iz kontrole mlijenosti. Baza podataka osigurana od strane Kmetijskog intituta Slovenije sastojala se od 1,299.630 test-day mjerenja koliine mlijeka i sadraja mlijene mast i bjelanevina 73,255 grla slovenskog holsteina prikupljenih od sijenja 2000 to prosinca 2005. Krave su uzgajane na ukupno 5,333 gospodarstava u Sloveniji. Subklinika je ketoza indicirana omjerom izmeu mlijene mast i bjelanevina viim od 1,5 u krava koje su imale dnevnu proizvodnju u intervalu od 33 do 50 kg (Eicher, 2004). Ketoza index definiran je u odnosu na vrijeme proteklo od detekcije subklinike ketoze do narednog kontrolnog dana. Utjecaj subklinike ketoze na dnevnu koliinu i sastav mlijeka analiziran je upotrebom mijeanog statistikog modela zasebno za svaku laktaciju. Statistiki je model ukljuivao fiksne utjecaje ketoza indeksa, godina-mjesec telenja, stadija laktacije te sluajni utjecaj ivotinje. Utvren je negativni utjecaj subklinike ketoze na dnevnu koliinu mlijeka, dnevni sadraj mlijene masti, te na dnevnu koliinu mlijene mast i bjelanevina u svim laktacijama. Pad proizvodnje utvren je unutar 35 dana po detekciji subklinike ketoze te se nastavio pri slijedeim kontrolama. Pri analizi dnevnog sadraja bjelanevina utvreno je poveanje pri kontrolama koje su uslijedile po detekciji. Rezultati provednog istraivanja pokazuju da se podaci dobiveni kontrolom mlijenosti (test-day mjerenja) mogu upotrijebiti za ranu detekciju subklinike ketoze.
Kljune rijei: mlijene krave, dnevna koliina i sastav mlijeka, subklinika ketoza, test-day mjerenja
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dr.sc. Vesna Gantner; prof.dr.sc. Sonja Jovanovac; Nikola Ragu, dipl.ing., Poljoprivredni fakultet Sveuilita J.J. Strossmayera u Osijeku, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, 31000 Osijek, Hrvatska; dr.sc. Klemen Potonik, Univerza v Ljubljani, Biotehnika Fakulteta, Oddelek za zootehniko, Groblje 3, 1230 Domale, Slovenia
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SUMMARY The objective of this study was to determine the effect of subclinical ketosis on daily milk yield and milk components in Slovenian Holstein cows using monthly test day records. Data provided by the Agricultural institute of Slovenia consisted of 1.299,630 test-day records of milk, fat, and protein from 73,255 Slovenian Holstein cows collected from January 2000 to December 2005. Cows were reared on 5,333 farms in Slovenia. The subclinical ketosis was indicated by the fat to protein ratio higher than 1.5 in cows that yielded between 33 to 50 kg per day (Eicher, 2004). Only the first occurrence of upper defined criteria was considered in this study. The ketosis index was defined in relation to the timing of subclinical ketosis detection to the subsequent measures of test-day milk yields. The effect of subclinical ketosis on test day milk yield and milk components were studied separately for each parity using mixed model analysis. Statistical model included fixed effect of ketosis index, calving year-month, lactation stage and random effect of animal. Negative effect of subclinical ketosis on daily milk yield, daily fat content as well as on daily fat and protein yields was determined in each parity. Decrease were determined within 35 days after the detection of subclinical ketosis and continued in subsequent milk controls. When daily protein content was analysed, increase was determined in subsequent milk controls after detection. The research results show that test-day records could be used as tool for early detection of the subclinical ketosis. Keywords: dairy cows, daily milk yield and milk components, subclinical ketosis, test-day records
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dr.sc. Vesna Gantner; prof.dr.sc. Sonja Jovanovac; Nikola Ragu, dipl.ing., Faculty of Agriculture, J.J. Strossmayer University in Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; dr.sc. Klemen Potonik, University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Zootechnical Department, Groblje 3, 1230 Domale, Slovenia
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KRMIVA 2008 UINAK PASTERIZACIJE NA MIKROBIOLOKU KAKVOU MLIJENIH PROIZVODA RESEARCH OF EFFECT OF PASTEURIZ ATION ON MICROBIOLOGICAL PICTURE OF MILK PRODUCTS
A. Maher, M. Janekovi, M. Volk ABSTRACT Milk is a complex biological liquid and as such represents very good medium for growth of different microorganisms (MO), its pH value being near neutral, it has varied biochemical structure and a high water content. The nature of milk production is such that it is impossible to prevent the infection with microorganisms, therefore the number of microorganisms in the milk is an important factor for the quality of milk. The purpose of this research work was to establish the effect of pasteurisation of milk in the dairy after the installation of new equipment, to find out the effect on the reduction of microorganisms in milk (SMO). Performed was the analysis of the results of thermic treatment of milk with Alfa laval pasteur machine year 1982 and Fisher/s pasteur machine year 2006. The effect of pasteurization with the old equipment was only 32,25 %. In the internal measurement 95,0 % this limit surpassed only 10/31 samples. The efficiency of the new equipment was 100 %. With the internal limit 95,0 % this limit was reached by all 31/31 samples. The internal limit for the year 2007 was risen to 96,00 % and in this way the system was improved. With the new equipment, which has 20 seconds withholding time in pasteurization (the old equipment had 15 seconds withholding time), we gained such good results, that on this ground we lowered the temperature of pasteurization from 780 C (old equipment) to 760 C (new equipment). We got a more stable production and lowered the use of steam, which is necessary for reaching the wanted temperature in the process for reaching the wanted temperature in the process of pasteurization. Further investigations will show if it is possible to lower the temperature for additional 20 C. Key words : milk, pasteurization, microorganisms, initial microflora
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EKONOMIKA PROIZVODNJE MLIJEKA NA POLJOPRIVREDNIM GOSPODARSTVIMA ISTONE HRVATSKE ECONOMIC PRODUCTION OF MILK ON FARMS IN EASTERN CROATIA
Zmai, K., Sudari, T., Lonari, R. Zavod za agroekonomiku, Poljoprivredni fakultet u Osijeku, Trg Sv.Trojstva 3, 31 000 Osijek, Hrvatska, kzmaic@pfos.hr
SAETAK Jedan od initelja ekonominosti i poveanja proizvodnosti na poljoprivrednim gospodarstvima je poveanje mlijeka po kravi. Izmjenom opsega i proizvodnog programa u znaajnoj je mjeri mogue utjecati na ekonomsku uinkovitost u poslovanju. Veliki problem s kojima se susreu proizvoai mlijeka je nerazvijena primarna proizvodnja, a time i kakvoa mlijeka, mali posjedi, niska proizvodnost mlijeka po kravi, skupa proizvodnja, visoka cijena kapitala. Konzumno mlijeko u Republici Hrvatskoj se proizvodi u 35 mljekara, a od ukupne potronje mlijeka 60% se preradi u industrijskim kapacitetima. Proizvodnja mlijeka i mlijenih proizvoda se poveava tijekom posljednje tri godine, ali je jo uvijek nedovoljno, pa se stvarne potrebe za mlijekom i preraevinama podmiruju uvozom. U uvjetima trinog naina gospodarenja neophodno je polaziti od trine cijene, preko trinih initelja proizvodnje s ciljem maksimalizacije dohotka. U radu je u razdoblju od 2000.-2007. godine analizirano stanje, organiziranost i znaaj govedarstva u istonoj Hrvatskoj. Odabranim matematiko-statistikim metodama analizirani su prosjean broj krava prema agrarnoj strukturi, proizvodnja mlijeka po kravi, te ukupna proizvodnja i otkup mlijeka.
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KRMIVA 2008 UTJECAJ KRUPNOE MLJEVENJA I TIPA ENDOSPERMA NA RUMINALNU IN VITRO PROBAVLJIVOST KROBA EFFECT OF PARTICLE SIZE AND ENDOSPERM TYPE ON RUMINAL IN VITRO DIGESTIBILITY OF STARCH
Ki, G., Grbea, D., Kljak K. Zavod za hranidbu domaih ivotinja, Sveuilite u Zagrebu - Agronomski fakultet
Mehanika obrada, odnosno mljevenje zrna u hranidbi preivaa ima znaajan utjecaj na mjesto probave kroba i posljedino zdravlje i proizvodne rezultate goveda. Naime, fermentacijom kroba u buragu dobije se manje energije nego njegovom hidrolizom u crijevima. Nadalje, burna fermentacija kroba u buragu moe dovesti do zdravstvenih smetnji kao to su acidoze, nadam i laminitisi dok se njegovom hidrolizom u crijevima izbjegavaju navedene smetnje. Dobro je poznato da krob branastog endosperma vie i bre fermentira u buragu nego krob caklavog endosperma kukuruza. Isto tako, krob fino mljevenog zrna kukuruza je probavljiviji u buragu nego krob krupno mljevenog zrna. Cilj istraivanja je utvrditi utjecaj krupnoe mljevenja i caklavosti endosperma na kinetiku in vitro probavljivosti suhe tvari zrna kukuruza u buragu. U istraivanju smo koristili dva hibrida kukuruza: jedan u tipu tvrdunaca koji je sadravao 78 % caklavog endosperma i drugi u tipu zubana koji je sadravao 54% caklavog u ukupnom endospermu. Udjel caklavog endosperma odreen je runom disekcijom zrna, dok su uzorci mljeveni mlinom na veliinu estica 1, 2,5 i 5 mm. In vitro probavljivost hibrida kukuruza provedena je prema potpuno automatiziranoj, in vitro plinskoj metodi po Cone i sur. (1996), a obrada podataka pomou statistikog paketa SAS (2002.). Dobiveni rezultati dinamike proizvodnje plina pokazuju da se suha tvar tvrdunca sporije (P0,0005) probavlja u buragu nego suha tvar zubana (tablica 1). Isto tako, neovisno o tipu endosperma, suha tvar sitnije mljevenog zrno kukuruza se bre probavlja u prva tri sata probave. Meutim, krupnije mljeveno zrno se potpunije probavi nakon 20 sati inkubacije u buragu. Tabela 1. Prosjene vrijednosti i znaajnost pojedinih parametara tvorbe plina u odnosu na tip endosperma i krupnou meljave zrna kukuruza
tip endosperma T Z P krupnoa meljave 1.0 mm 2.5 mm 5.0 mm P GP1 (A1) 27.01 34.15 0.001 GP1 (A1) 34.55 31.12 27.21 0.0001 GP2 319.80 341.07 ns GP2 336.46 334.59 323.00 ns GP3 381.86 409.92 0.05 GP3 392.39 396.59 399.07 0.0001 B1 2.40 1.70 0.005 B1 1.95 2.11 2.06 0.01 A2 292.79 306.92 ns A2 301.91 303.46 295.79 ns B2 9.35 9.08 ns B2 8.56 9.08 9.83 0.001 A3 64.21 73.61 0.05 A3 59.15 65.23 79.98 0.0001 B3 22.03 26.09 ns B3 25.74 23.52 23.29 ns
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T-tvrdunac, Z-zuban, GP1(A1)tvorba plina (ml/g OT) 0-3 sata, GP2- tvorba plina (ml/g OT) 0-20 sati, GP3tvorba plina (ml/g OT) 0-72 sati, B1- vrijeme (sati) u kojem je postignuto 50% A1, A2- tvorba plina (ml/g OT) izmeu 3-20 sati, B2- vrijeme (sati) u kojem je postignuto 50% A2, A3- tvorba plina izmeu 20-72 sati, B3- vrijeme (sati) u kojem je postignuto 50% A3 Odabirom tipa endosperma i krupnoe mljevenja zrna kukuruza moe se manipulirati brzinom i obujmom njegove fermentacije u buragu, odnosno crijevima a time kako zdravljem tako i proizvodnjom preivaa.
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KRMIVA 2008 ANAEROBNA FERMENTACIJA KRAVLJEG GNOJA, SILAE I SJENAE ANAEROBIC FERMENTATION OF COW MANURE, SILAGE AND HAY
Neven Voa, Tajana Krika, Vanja Janui Agronomski fakultet Sveuilita u Zagrebu Zavod za poljoprivrednu tehnologiju, skladitenje i transport Svetoimunska 25, Zagreb SAETAK Fermentirani ostatak koji ostaje nakon procesa anaerobne fermentacije i dobivanja bioplina moe se koristiti kao biognojivo, kao i za potrebe navodnjavanja poljoprivrednih povrina. Cilj ovog rada je utvrditi razlike u proizvodnji bioplina i kakvoi fermentiranog ostataka nakon mezofilne anaerobne fermentacije koritenjem razliitih raspoloivih ulaznih sirovina sa farme mlijenih krava - kravljeg gnoja, silae, sjenae i mjeavine navedenih supstrata. Utvren je razliit prinos bioplina i koliina metana nakon anaerobne fermentacije za svaku istraivanu sirovinu. Utvreno je da fermentirani ostatak u svim uzorcima, koji su blago kiseli do neutralni, sadre biogene elemente u umjerenoj koncentraciji sa vrijednostima tekih metala u doputenim granicama. U fermentiranim ostacima su pronaeni mezofilni i termofilni mikroorganizmi, dok kriofilnih nije bilo. Kljune rijei: bioplin, fermentirani ostatak, kemijske analize, bakterioloke pretrage.
ABSTRACT Fermented residue, obtained after anaerobic digestion, can be used as a biofertilizer, as well as for purposes of amelioration. The aim of this study was to determine the differences in quality of fermented residue after a mesophylic anaerobic digestion, when using different raw materials from milk cow farm cow manure, silage, hay and mixture of these substrates. It was determined that all fermented residues were mildly acidic to neutral, and contain biogenic elements and heavy metals in concentrations allowed. Moreover, mesophylic and thermophylic microorganisms were found in the samples, while there was no presence of criophylic microorganisms. Keywords: biogas, fermented residue, chemical analyses, bacteriological
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Faculty of Agriculture University of Zagreb, Department for Agricultural Technology, Storing and Transport, Svetoimunska cesta 25, Zagreb, Croatia; E-mail: nvoca@agr.hr
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EKONOMINOST RADA MLINA EKIARA PRI USITNJAVANJU KUKURUZA I SOJINE SAME ECONOMICAL LABOUR OF HAMMERMILS IN THE CASE OF GRINDING OF CORN AND SOYABEAN PELLETS
1
Vlado Kuec, 1Silvije Jerinovi, 2Stjepan Pliesti

1
Visoko gospodarsko uilite u Krievcima Agronomski fakultet Zagreb, Zavod za poljoprivrednu tehnologiju, skladitenje i transport
SAETAK U radu je prikazana ocjena ekonomske uinkovitosti rada mlina ekiara pri usitnjavanju kukuruza i sojine same. Na temelju podataka dobivenih anketom za trogodinje razdoblje izraunati su pokazatelji energetske potronje s tri razliito istroena ekia. S ekonomskog aspekta, ako se uzme u obzir odnos cijena radnih elemenata u odnosu na cijenu utroene energije pri usitnjavanju moe se izraunati cijena usitnjavanja kod razliitih istroenosti i na taj nain moe se utvrditi optimalno vrijeme njihove izmjene. Pri razmatranju ekonominosti rada mlina ekiara potrebno je poznavati kapacitet mlina i specifinu energetsku potronju, a to je i istraeno u ovom radu.
SUMMARY This paper appreciates hammer mill economic efficacy at grinding process of corn grains and soybean pellets. Under three year carried out survey's data it has been calculated value of energy consumption for three diferent worn-out types of hammer mill. From economical ponint of view, regarding mutual influences of working element's price and energy price used for material grinding, it is possible to calculate a grinding price for each hammer mill's worn-out condition, and therefore, define optimal replacement period of particular hammer mill. Analysing hammer mill's economic efficacy, it is necessary to know mill capacity, as well specific energy consumption, which have been investigated in this paper.
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KRMIVA 2008 FIZIKALNE OSOBINE PRAINE U PROIZVODNJI KRMNIH SMJESA PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF GRAIN DUST IN FEED PRODUCTION
Stjepan Pliesti1, Dubravko Filipovi2, Nadica Dobrievi1,Sandra Voa1, Vlado Kuec3
1
Agronomski fakultet Zagreb Zavod za poljoprivrednu tehnologiju, skladitenje i transport 2 Zavod za mehanizaciju 3 Visoko gospodarsko uilite - Krievci
SAETAK U proizvodnom postupku krmnih smjesa stvaraju se znatne koliine praine koja je izuzetno opasna za stvaranje eksplozivne smjese. Rukovanje zrnjem ili krmnim smjesama dovodi do potencijalne opasnosti stvaranja eksplozivne smjese praine. Fizikalna svojstva praine odreivana su na tri vrste materijala (penica, kukuruz, soja). Uzorci ispitivane praine bili su uzimani iz sustava za otpraivanje tvornice krmnih smjesa. Radom su obraena slijedea fizikalna svojstva praine: udjel estica praine ispod 100 m u cjelokupnoj koliini praine, gustoa u rahlo rasutom stanju, veliina estica praine i njena raspodjela, te povrina estica.
SUMMARY A dust explosion occurs when particles suspended in the air ignite and burn rapidly, causing a violent increase in pressure. In the production procedure of feeds has come into being considerable quantities of fine dust particles which are exceptionally dangerous for the creation of explosive mixture. Physical properties of grain dust derived from three grain types (wheat, corn, soybean) were measured and reported. The grain dust were obtained from dust collection systems in feed facility. The physical properties reported were as follows: percent dust fractions less than 100 m of whole dust, bulk density, particle size distribution and surface area measurements.
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KEMIJSKI SASTAV I IN VITRO PROBAVLJIVOST DIJELOVA BILJKE EST HIBRIDA KUKURUZA CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND IN VITRO DIGESTIBILITY OF DIFFERENT PARTS OF MAIZE PLANT
Grbea, D., Svenjak Z.*, Ki. G. Zavod za hranidbu domaih ivotinja, Sveuilite u Zagrebu - Agronomski fakultet *Zavod za specijalnu proizvodnju bilja, Sveuilite u Zagrebu - Agronomski fakultet
Silaa cijele biljke kukuruza glavno je voluminozno krmivo veine obroka visokomlijenih krava i intenzivno tovljene junadi u Hrvatskoj, pa je izuzetno vano poznavanje imbenika koji utjeu na njen kemijski sastav i probavljivost. Dobro je poznat utjecaj zrelosti biljke kukuruza, hibrida, sadraja suhe tvari i mehanike prerade na hranjivost silae kukuruza. Meutim, biljka kukuruza se sastoji od stabljike, lista, oklaska, komuine i zrna koji su vrlo razliite grae i kemijskog sastava, a u literaturi je malo istraivanja o razlikama izmeu hibrida u sadraju i hranjivosti pojedinih dijelova biljke kukuruza. Cilj ovoga rada je utvrditi sadraj proteina i vlakna, in vitro probavljivost stabljike, lista, zrna, oklaska i komuine, te njihov udjel u suhoj tvari cijele biljke est hibrida kukuruza. Udjel pojedinih dijelova u cijeloj biljci kukuruza utvren je na deset normalno razvijenih biljaka za svaki od est hibrida (FAO grupe 400 do 700) sa est ponavljanja proizvedenih na jednoj lokaciji istom agrotehnikom. Sadraj sirovog proteina je odreen Kjeldahl postupkom prema AOAC (1995.) normativima, u neutralnom detergentu topiva vlakna (NDV) po metodi Van Soest i sur. (1991.), a krob hidrolizom po metodi AACC (1976.). In vitro probavljivost suhe tvari dijelova biljke kukuruza odreena je ANKOM metodom 48 h inkubacijom uzorka u DaisyII inkubatoru. Statistika obrada podataka raena je statistikim paketom SAS (2002.). Istraivani hibridi kukuruza se ne razlikuju (P>0,05) po udjelu pojedinih dijelova u cijeloj biljci kukuruza (tablica 1). Oekivano, svi hibridi sadre najvie zrna pa stabljike, a najmanje oklaska i komuine. Koncentracija sirovog proteina u cijeloj biljci je obrnuto razmjerna sadraju vlakana, najvia je u zrnu i listu a najmanja u oklasku, stabljici i komuini. Hibridi se razlikuju po sadraju proteina i vlakana u oklasku, stabljici i krobu u zrnu, a to je odraz vegetacijske grupe sazrijevanja. Utvrena je, izmeu hibrida, signifikantna razlika in vitro probavljivosti suhe tvari svih dijelova i cijele biljke kukuruza osim stabljike. Probavljivost opada s porastom koncentracije vlakana, osim u stabljici koja je vjerojatno niska zbog visokog udjela lignina i drugaije grae vlakana.
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Tablica 1. Postotni udjel dijelova cijele biljke, sadraja proteina i vlakana u suhoj tvari te in vitro probavljivost dijelova biljke kukuruza
DIO BILJKE Komuina List Oklasak Stabljika Zrno Cijela biljka
Udio 8,08 15,70 7,05 25,02 43,25 100,00
Sirovi protein 3,85 8,75 2,25 2,38 9,06 6,38

0,05 0,05
NDV - vlakna 79,24 66,70 83,44 71,88 11,12 45,91

0,0001 0,05 0,05
krob 70,77 30,59

0,05 0,05
In vitro probavljivost 53,55 50,04 49,19 44,55 80,76 64,77

0,05 0,05 0,05 0,001 0,0001
Vrijednosti oznaene razinom signifikantnosti (P) pokazuju razlike izmeu hibrida kukuruza, dok se ostale vrijednosti statistiki ne razlikuju Dobiveni rezultati istraivanja pokazuju da, iako se hibridi ne razlikuju po udjelu pojedinih dijelova u suhoj tvari biljke, signifikantno se razlikuju (P>0,05) po kemijskom sastavu i jo vie in vitro probavljivosti suhe tvari dijelova biljke.
Literatura: 1. 2. 3. 4. AACC, 1976. Approved Methods of the AACC: Method 76-11. American Assotiation of Cereal Chemist. St. Paul, MN, USA AOAC, 1995. Official Methods of Analysis, Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 16th Edition. Washington DC, USA SAS Institute. 2002. SAS users guide: Statistics. SAS Inst., Cary, NC. Van Soest, P. J., J. B. Robertson, and B. A. Lewis. 1991. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J. Dairy Sci. 74:3583 3597
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KRMNA VRIJEDNOST SMJESE OZIMOG GRAKA I PENICE U RAZLIITIM ROKOVIMA KONJE FORAGE VALUE OF WINTER PEA/WHEAT MIXTURE AT DIFFERENT CUTS
Mirko Stjepanovi 1, Ranko Gantner 1, Svetislav Popovi 2, Tihomir upi 2, Mladen Kneevi 3, Marina Vrani3
1
Poljoprivredni fakultet u Osijeku, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, 31000 Osijek, mstjep@pfos.hr 2 Poljoprivredni institut Osijek, Juno predgrae 17, 31000 Osijek 3 Agronomski fakultet u Zagrebu, Svetoimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb
SAETAK Ozimi krmni graak sorta Osjeki zeleni sijan je 15. listopada 2006 zajedno sa penicom sorta Barbara na Poljoprivrednom Institutu Osijek. Konja smjese je obavljena 20. i 24. travnja i 2., 8. i 21. svibnja 2007. Prinos zelene mase smjese je rastao s rokom konje od 48.57 t ha-1 u prvom roku do 57.33 t ha-1 u zadnjem roku. Udio graka u smjesi je bio od 42.0 do 53.2 %. Prosjena visina graka je bila od 65.7 cm u prvom roku do 150.2 cm u zadnjem roku konje. Prosjena visina penice je bila od 36.9 cm u prvom roku do 80.9 cm u zadnjem roku. Udio lista u prinosu suhe tvari graka kretao se od 58.9 % u prvom roku do 41.1 % u zadnjem roku konje, dok je udio lista kod penice bio od 46.1 % u prvom roku do 25.3 % u zadnjem roku konje. Procijenjeni prinos bjelanevina smjese prema Stjepanoviu i sur. (2007) i DLG-u (1997) se kretao od 927 kg ha-1 u prvom roku do 1353 kg ha-1 u zadnjem roku. U prinosu bjelanevina procijenjeno je uee graka od 56.1 do 67.2 %. ABSTRACT Winter forage pea variety Osjeki zeleni was seeded on 15th October 2006 in mixture with winter wheat variety Barbara on Agricultural Institute Osijek. Mowing was executed on five terms: 20th and 24th April and 2nd, 8th and 21st May 2007. Forage yield was increasing trough the mowing sequence from 48.57 t ha-1 at 1st cut to 57.33 t ha-1 at last cut. Pea partition in the mixture was from 42.0 to 53.2 %. Average plant height of pea was from 65.7 cm at 1st cut to 150.2 cm at last cut. Average wheat height was from 36.9 cm at 1st cut to 80.9 at last cut. Leaf partition in pea dry matter yield was from 58.9 % at 1st cut to 41.1 % at last cut, while the leaf partition in wheat dry matter yield was from 46.1 % at 1st cut to 25.3 % at last cut. Mixture protein yield estimation according to Stjepanovi et al. (2007) and DLG (1997) was from 927kg ha-1 at 1st cut to 1353 kg ha-1 at last cut. Pea partition in protein yield was estimated from 56.1 to 67.2 %.
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KRMIVA 2008 MINERALNI SASTAV ZELENE MASE I SIJENA SA PODRUJA DIVIBARA MINERAL COMPOSITION OF THE GREEN MASS AND HAY FROM DIVCIBARE REGION
Milena P. Krsti, Radmila Markovi, D.efer, Z.Sinovec Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Bulevar oslobodjenja 18, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
The quality and contents of same minerals were followed in the grass and hay from different localities of Divcibare. Samples were taken from three different altitudes up to 250m above sea level, from 250m to 550m above sea level and over 550m above sea level. Twelve samples of grass early bloom were taken, and after mowing, samples of hay were also taken from the same meadow. The samples were prepared from ashes and determined by using atomic absorption spectrofotometry (AAS) in the analysis of macro- and micro-elements, while the content of phosphorus was determined by application of standard methods. Average content of calcium in the grass amounted 5.85 g/kg, phosphorus 2.41 g/kg, magnesium 2.47 g/kg, sodium 0.93 g/kg and potassium 10.35 g/kg of dry substance. In the samples of hay content from those macroelements ranged same way were 6.65, 1.56, 1.54, 0.80 and 10.76 g/kg. Average content of iron in the samples of grass from Divcibare region amounted 171.87 mg/kg, copper 5.12 mg/kg, zinc 21.67 mg/kg, manganese 63.97 mg/kg and selenium 17.17 g/kg of dry substance. The average amount of iron 169.43 mg/kg, 4.75 mg/kg copper, 19.65 mg/kg zinc, 113.29 mg/kg manganese and 28.02 g/kg selenium were found in the hay from the same localities. Key words: grass, hay, minerals
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UTJECAJ GNOJIDBE DUIKOM, VREMENA KONJE I DOSIJAVANJA NA PRODUKTIVNOST PRIRODNOG TRAVNJAKA SIGNIFICANCE OF NITROGEN FERTILIZER, TIME MOWING AND UNDERSOWING ON THE PRODUCTION OF NATURAL GRASSLAND
ivi H., Alibegovi-Grbi Senija, Bezdrob M. Poljoprivredno-prehrambeni fakultet Sarajevo, Bosna i Hercegovina (Faculty of Agriculture and Food Science, University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina)
SAETAK U Bosni i Hercegovini travnjaci predstavljaju znaajan izvor kabaste stone hrane. Nain koritenja, eksploatacija i produktivnost travnjaka u B i H je u najveoj mjeri na niskom nivou. U cilju postizanja vee produktivnosti i bolje kvalitete krme sa prirodnih travnjaka proveden je ogled u periodu od 2002.-2005. godine. U ovom ogledu praen je utjecaj gnojidbe duikom (0, 30, 60, 80 kg N/ha), vrijeme kosidbe ili faze razvoja biljaka pri kosidbi (H-klasanje trava i F-cvjetanje trava) i mjera podsijavanja (A-bez podsijavanja i B-sa podsijavanjem i to sa jeevicom Dactylis glomerata i smiljkitom Lotus corniculatus). Rezultati istraivanja pokazuju da postoji statistiki opravdana mogunost podizanja produktivnosti krme i njene kvalitete pod utjecajem duine gnojidbe (60 i 80 kg N/ha) i vremena kosidbe-faze razvoja biljaka. Znaajnog utjecaja mjere podsijavanja na produktivnost krme sa prirodnog travnjaka nije bilo.
ABSTRACT Grasslands in Bosnia and Herzegovina present the more important source of voluminous forage for cattle and sheep. Extensive management and grassland production in Bosnia and Herzegovina are on the low level. The research was performed in the period between 2002. and 2005. The aim of this research was to investigated of influence nitrogen fertilization (0, 30, 60, 80 kg N/ha), stage of plant growth at harvest (Hheading stage and F-flowering stage), and undersowing on the improving yield and quality of forage. Variants of undersowing were withaut undersowig-A and with undersowing-B (Dactylis glomerata and Lotus corniculatus). The research results can be shown, there are significantly influence of nitrogen fertilization (60 and 80 kgN/ha) and stage of plant growth at harvest on the yield and quality of forage. There is not significantly influence of measure undersowing on the more production forage.
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KRMIVA 2008 SADRAJ D-TRIPTOFANA U ALKALNO PROBAVLJENOM MESNOM BRANU D-TRYPTOPHAN CONTENTS OF ALKALINE DIGESTED MEAT FLOURS
1
Lki, K., 2Kalambura, S., 1Mndoki, Zs., 3Kricka, T., 1Pohn G., 4Albert, Cs., 1Csap-Kiss, Zs., 1,3Csap, J. University of Kaposvr, Faculty of Animal Science, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry 2 Polytechnic College Velika Gorica 3 University of Zagreb, Agricultural Faculty 4 Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania, Cskszereda Campus, Department of Food Science
1
In the last couple of years the aim of our researches has been the determination of the tryptophan enantiomers in different biological samples, with special respect to feeding stuff raw materials. We have developed a method for the determination of the tryptophan enantiomers by HPLC, in which diastereomers were formed from the tryptophan enantiomers with o-phthaldialdehyde (OPA)/ 1-thio--D-glucose tetra acetate (TGTA) derivatizing reagent mixture, and the derivatives were separated on a non-chiral column, in a reversed-phase liquid chromatographic system. Amino acids were released from proteins by hydrolysis with p-toluenesulfonic acid in order to avoid racemization. In order to reduce decomposition of tryptophan, 3- indole-propionic acid was used as protecting agent in the same amount as the expected protein content of the sample weighed in. By this in case of samples with high protein content we obtained a recovery of above 90% for tryptophan. We wanted to examine the change in the Trp content of alkaline treated meat flour samples, as well as the racemization of Trp content as a result of the treatments. The original aim of the treatments was to find out whether it is possible to kill the microorganisms that are possibly present in the sample and destroy other substances that can be harmful to the health, by such a treatment, and so to make the meat flour suitable for feeding stuff application purposes. The treatments were done using sodium and potassium hydroxide solution, respectively, for 2, 3 and 6 h at 135, 150 and 153 C. Based on the obtained results it can be established that even the half of the tryptophan content can decompose as a result of the treatments. Due to the strongly alkaline circumstances the racemization is almost complete for the remaining tryptophan content. Thus, it can be said that even if this method is suitable for the destruction of the health damaging materials, it has to be taken into consideration that both loss of tryptophan and racemization is substantial. We must also assume that similar results would be obtained also for other amino acids. Keywords: tryptophan, enantiomer, p-toluenesulfonic acid, 3- indole-propionic acid, meat flour
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SEPARACIJA I ODREIVANJE SELENOAMINOKISELINA U HRANI I KRMIVIMA POMOU IONSKO-IZMJENJIVAKE KROMATOGRAFIJE SEPARATION AND DETERMINATION OF SELENOAMINO ACIDS IN FOODS AND FEEDING STUFFS BY ION-EXCHANGE CHROMATOGRAPHY
Zs. Mndoki1, Cs. Albert2, G. Pohn1, Sz. Salamon2, Zs. Csap-Kiss1, J. Csap1,2
2
University of Kaposvr, Faculty of Animal Science, Kaposvr, H-7400 Guba S. u. 40. Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania, RO-530104, Libertatii 1., Miercurea-Ciuc
The biological role of selenium, considered as a mere toxic element for a long time, was discovered in the second half of the last century. Selenium is an important part of the antioxidant system of the organism, and is mainly active in the form of selenoenzymes. E.g. the glutathione peroxidase that protects the unsaturated lipids by catalysing the peroxide decomposing reaction. Normally, selenium intake during daily meals is not considerable, therefore selenium supplementation of foodstuffs is strongly recommended by the modern nutrition science. As the different chemical forms of selenium differ substantially from each other in toxicity, absorption ability and utilization in the human and animal organism, it is important to know what chemical forms selenium is present in the foods and feeding stuffs. Organic selenium compounds like the selenoamino acids selenomethionine (SeMet) and selenocysteine (SeCys), have an especially important role. It is very important for experts dealing with both food science and feeding stuffs, the determination of concentration of these compounds in foods and feeding stuffs. We have carried out separation of selenomethionine (SeMet) and selenocystine (SeCys2) standards using ionexchange column chromatography (IEC). We have investigated the possibility of determining SeMet and SeCys2 in oxidized form after oxidation with performic acid, according to the commonly used procedure in the case of the sulfur amino acids, methionine (Met) and cysteine (Cys). Using different temperature/duration combinations, it was experienced that the selenoamino acids were rather sensitive to oxidative effects, with SeCys2 found to be more sensitive than SeMet. Oxidation led to no usable stabile oxidized forms, so this method found to be inapplicable for the selenoamino acids. As biological samples are usually subjected to hydrolysis before a chromatographic analysis, we also examined the effect of hydrolysis performed with various hydrolysis acids on the selenoamino acids. While hydrochloric acid, commonly used for protein hydrolysis, caused complete deterioration of both selenoamino acids, p-toluenesulfonic acid appeared to be an appropriate hydrolysing agent. We also examined a selenic yeast nutritional supplementary product, containing selenium in the form of SeMet, subsequent to a hydrolysis with p-toluenesulfonic acid. It was experienced, however, that beside the big peaks of the amino acids present in the samples, SeMet did not give a well-evaluable peak due to its small concentration. Separation has to be further enhanced. Keywords: selenoamino chromatography (IEC) acids, selenomethionine, selenocysteine, selenocystine, ion-exchange
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KRMIVA 2008 FIZIKALNO-KEMIJSKE KARAKTERISTIKE FOSFATA U KRMIVIMA KAO KRITERIJ NJIHOVE KLASIFIKACIJE PHYSICO-CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTIC OF FODDER PHOSPHATES AS A CRITERION OF THEIR CLASSIFICATION
Dorota Jamroz1, Z. Wzorek2, Agnieszka Gajda-Janiak1, Z. Kowalski2
2
Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences Technical University of Cracow; Institute of Chemistry and Inorganic Technology
In second part the results of investigations on the phasal composition and thermal analysis of fodder phosphates are presented. MATERIAL AND METHODS The phasal composition of fodder phosphates allows to identify the true composition and purity of phosphates. Analysis of the diffraction picture of the Roentgen irradiation (X-rays) of evaluated phosphates allow to separate the different forms of phosphates and to evaluate their crystallization degree. With this method it is also possible to identify the original compounds used for phosphate production that should not be present in the final product. The phasal composition of phosphates was estimated with X-rays method using diffractometer XPert of Phillips equipped with the graphite monochromator PW 1752/00 with the radiation of CuK at the angle range of 2 10-60 at the Institute of Chemistry and Inorganic Technology of the Technical University of Cracow. In carried experiment the X-rays diffraction with the dust method of Debye Scherer Hull was used. This method depends on the irradiation with X-rays of polycrystallic sample made from the crystals placed in the accidental ways but meets the condition of Braggs interference. X rays irradiation is induced by the properly chosen lamp depending on the predicted composition of examined sample. Anthicathode must be made from the material which no induce the fluorescent X-ray radiance in the atoms of the analysed secondary material. The thermal analysis of fodder phosphates allows the most precise determination of the real content of the crystalline phases - the percentage share of the hydrated and unhydrated phases as well as of unprocessed materials. In the method is possible to determine the changes occuring in the sample according to the temperature function. This depends on the simultaneous registration of the changes of sample weight (the TG and dTG) and its energy (the DTA) in the temperature/time function. The result of measurement - the termogram, contains the graph of the relationship of the sample weight and the temperature (TG) and its first derivative (dTG) as well as the DTA curve. The thermal differential analysis of phosphates has been conducted at the Institute of Chemistry and Inorganic Technology of Cracow Technical University using the SDT 2960 Simultaneous DTA - DTG apparatus of the TA Instruments in the air atmosphere. The measurements were executed in the temperature range of 20-1000 C (1773K), with the constant speed of temperature rise by 20 C/min. There the 150 samples of fodder phosphates were analysed. Collected data were classified according to the composition of the crystalline phases. Among the monocalcium phosphates the 6 and among of dicalcium phosphates 5 groups that were characterized by the different share of particular phases, were identified. Here the most characteristic fodder phosphates and the X-ray photographs as well as the results of thermal analysis are presented. RESULTS The most of the examined monocalcium fodder phosphates contain mainly the hydrated calcium dihydrophosphate Ca (H2PO4)H2O with a small amount of dehydrated hydrophosphate CaHPO4 (Fig. 1). The high content of the monocalcium phosphate cause a high solubility and on the same way improves the
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absorption of the commercial products. Among the dicalcium phosphates the occurence of three groups of products were stated. These are: preparations containing only hydrated calcium hydrophosphates CaHPO42H20 (Fig. 2), mixture of both hydrated and dehydrated calcium hydrophosphates (Fig. 3) and finally the mixture of dehydrated calcium hydrophosphate and unprocessed calcium carbonate. High content of the dehydrated form, especially unprocessed calcium carbonate can decrease the solubility of fodder phosphates and in consequence the limitation of the commercial fodder phosphates utilization. Fig. 1. Roentgenogramme and the result of the thermogravimetric analysis of monocalcium phosphate mixture of hydrated monocalcium phosphate with dehydrated dicalcium phosphate
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Fig. 2. Roentgenogramme and the thermogravimetric analysis of dicalcium phosphate
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Fig. 3. Roentgenogramme and the result of the thermogravimetric analysis of dicalcium phosphate mixture of hydrated and dehydrated phospahte
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Fig. 4. Roentgenogramme and the thermogravimetric analysis of dicalcium phosphate the mixture of dehydrated dicalcium phosphate and calcium carbonate
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OCJENA KVALITETE KRMNIH FOSFATA NA TEMELJU NJIHOVOG KEMIJSKOG SASTAVA I TOPLJIVOSTI EVALUATION OF THE FODDER PHOSPHATES QUALITY ON THE BASIS OF THEIR CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND SOLUBILITY
Agnieszka Gajda-Janiak1, Dorota Jamroz1, Z. Wzorek2
2
Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences Technical University in Cracow, Institute of Chemistry and Inorganic Technology
SUMMARY The recognition of the real requirement of animals for the phosphorus and the precise balancing of it in the concentrate mixtures and diets with the considering of the availability of P from the raw feed components and mineral compounds is the subject of numerous investigations. The low degree of P utilization from the plant feeds require to use in animal nutrition the mineral sources of this element phosphates. The big diversification of their origin, chemical composition and availability of phosphorus can lead to the serious mistakes in the supplying of animal organism with this ingredient important for metabolism processes. MATERIAL AND METHODS The wide research on the evaluation of the chemical, physico-chemical and biological value of the fodder phosphates available on the feedstuffs market were executed. The results were treated as a basal data for evaluation of the criterion of their usefulness in the monogastric animals nutrition. In the first part of investigations the wide range of changes of chemical composition and degree of phosphorus releasing (P2O5) from the fodder phosphates with using of different solvents are presented. The samples of fodder phosphates were collected at the period of 2005-2006. 255 samples were taken from the 14 Polish fodder firms and from 9 feed manufacturers. In the samples of phosphates the following evaluations were executed: - content of total phosphorus calculated on P2O5 (according to Polish Norm PN -88/C-87015 Artificial fertilizers). The content of phosphorus was evaluated using Specol 11 apparatus with the differentialphotometric method. - content of calcium (according to Polish Norm PN-R-64803:1997 Fodder phosphates). - content of phosphorus in phosphates calculated on P2O5 using four different solvents: water, 0,4 % hydrochloric acid, 2% aqueous solution of citric acid and aqueous solution of neutral ammonium citrate. The granulated phosphates were examined for the dissolubility in the granulated form as well as in the mash form (size of particles below 0,1 mm). The analyses were done in accordance with Polish Norms: PN-R-64803 "the fodder phosphates - the method of phosphates evaluation" and PN 88 / C -87015 "The artificial fertilizers - the method of investigations of phosphates content". In 20 samples of phosphates selected to the biological tests and in 12 samples characteristic for particular groups of the monocalcium, dicalcium, tricalcium and calcium-magnesium phosphates the harmful chemical elements were determined: Cd, Pb, Hg, As, F. The investigations were executed in the Chemical Laboratory of the Multi-element Analysis of the Technical University of Wrocaw. Analysis of As, Cd, Pb were executed with the plasma spektrometer with mass detection ICP-MS managed by the computer aggregated with the analytical system UltraMass 700 (Varian). The analysis of Hg content was executed using the analyser AMA - 254, spektrometer of atomic absorption used for direct estimation of mercury content in solid and liquid samples with accurate to 0,1 ppb of mercury in studied sample. The content of fluorides (F) was estimated with ionometric method using the apparatus ORION RESEARCH type EA -940.
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KRMIVA 2008
RESULTS The content of harmful chemical elements in the examined phosphates was within the limits of allowable concentrations of undesirable substances in feeds, published in the Regulations of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (23 January 2007) related to the Feed Law (22.07.2006, No144, pos.1045). The content of elements in examined samples were as follows: As 2.8-9.8 mg/kg; Cd <0.01-8.6; Hg 0.00160.095; Pb 0.46-17.0; F 0.100-0.228. The characteristics of chemical composition of fodder phosphates
Size of the phosphate particles (mm) 1-Ca 1,0-0,5 and crumbled 0,1-0.01 1-Ca 0,5-0,2 and crumbled 0,1-0.01 1-Ca 0,2-0,1 and crumbled 0,1-0.01 2-Ca 0,5-0,1 and crumbled 0,1-0.01 2-Ca 0,1-0.01 P-P2O5 total, % Contents of P expressed in % of soluble P2O5 in in 2% in 0,4% ammonium in water citric acid HCl citrate pH 7 38,7-48,9 28,7-47,4 28,7-47,4 47,9-53,3 42,5-53,8 48,5-52,2 49,5-53,7 45,6-55,6 30,8-52,0 41,4-53,8 24,9-58,0 48,3-51,7 Soluble P2O5 (%) in total P2O5 (%) water 2% citric acid 96,9-98,3 96,6-97,6 98,0-98,1 0,4% HCl ammonium citrate pH 7
Ca %
52,0-54,0 49,3-54,5 49,0-52,4
16,1-17,9 15,1-18,8 15,7-22,4
80,7-82,1 74,8-77,4 77,2-77,6
98,5 97,6-98,9 94,8-97,7 93,6-97,1
39,0-54,8 38,7-46,6
23,2-26,6 22,8-28,2
0,0-25,3 0,0-25,3
31,9-49,0 31,9-48,0
36,4-46,1 29,3-42,6
18,9-47,0 22,8-46,6
6,4-7,4 1,4
98,4-98,5 50,9
78,7-81,6 70,3-85,1 92,2
3-Ca 0,1-0.01 Ca-Mg 1,0-0,2 and crumbled 0,1-0.01 1-Na 1,0-0,2 and crumbled 0,1-0.01 Na-Ca 1,0-0,01 and crumbled 0,1-0.01
41,4-43,4 32,2-35,1 53,5-57,4 42,8-43,8
34,1-35,6 0,9-1,1 0,1-0,9 31-31,8
0,2-1,3 2,9-10,4 45,3-52,2 0,0-0,1
15,7-24,2 21,1-33,1 47,2-52,7 10,6-22,7
10,0-20,9 10,6-24,4 47,2-56,0 8,7-21,2
1,4-13,1 19,4-33,0 43,6-56,1 8,6-17,5
1,3 13,0-25,8 86,9-89,6 0,1-0,2
50,6 73,6-95,7 89,9-90,9 25,1-49,8
44,1 41,8-56,2 47,7 26,9
23,1 79,3 90,2 27,7
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DUGORONI NADZOR HOMOGENOSTI KRMNIH SMJESA OD STRANE DRAVNIH TIJELA LONG-TERM MONITORING OF HOMOGENEITY OF COMPOUND FEED IN THE GOVERNMENT SUPERVISION
Sawomir Walczyski, Waldemar Korol National Research Institute of Animal Production in Cracow, National Feed Laboratory in Lublin, Poland
The paper presents main foundation of instruction entitled Homogeneity evaluation of compound feed on a base of the level of a key component mixing, which was elaborated in National Feed Laboratory (KLP) in Lublin. The instruction has been accepted by competent authority and was verified at inter-laboratory comparisons from 2005 to 2007. In project took a part several licenced laboratories to investigations in frames of official supervision as well as reference laboratory KLP. The laboratories marked in samples of serial feed mixtures the content of calcium and chlorides. Feeds were estimated for poultry, pigs and cattle in the form of powder, granules and crumbles. All laboratories achieved results of mixing levels (variability coefficients) below 10%, which is an critical value. Mean values of variability coeffcients of results werent higher than 4% for chlorides and 3% for calcium. Reproducibility limit for results of mixing level and expanded uncertainty were estimated, too. Competence of laboratories participanting in the testing and refering to the legal control of compound feed homogeneity was confirmed. From 2006 to 2007 was conduct a research homogeneity programme for compound feed in Poland. Inspection results confirmed acceptable quality of compound feed in this scope.
Key words: inter-laboratory comparison, compound feed, homogeneity
98
KRMIVA 2008 POTREBA STANDARDIZIRANJA EKSTRAHIRANOG SJEMENJA ULJANE REPICE KAO NUSPROIZVODA U PROIZVODNJI BIOGORIVA THE NEED FOR STANDARDIZATION OF RAPESEED EXPELLER AS A BY-PRODUCT FROM BIO-FUELS PRODUCTION
Grayna Bielecka, Jolanta Rubaj, Waldemar Korol National Research Institute of Animal Production in Cracow, National Feed Laboratory in Lublin, Poland
A chemical composition and nutritional value of rapeseed expeller available on a domestic market as feed by-product at bio-fuels production was determined. Principle nutrients were analyzed: dry matter, crude ash, total protein, crude fat, and crude fiber, as well as starch, sugar, and fiber fractions; metabolism energy was then estimated. Achieved results were compared to literature data as well as to current requirements stated in legal acts. Study results indicate the need for standardization of rapeseed expeller in reference to fat content. Amino acid composition of proteins from rapeseed expeller appeared to be similar as in literature. Concentrations of microelements: iron, manganese, zinc, copper, cobalt, molybdenum, and selenium in most cases were similar to literature data. Contents of undesired and hazardous substances such as heavy metals and other elements (As, F), mycotoxins (OTA, DON, ZEA) and pesticide remains appeared to be many times lower than permissible limits, which confirmed that studied mechanically extracted rapeseed are valuable and safe feed material.
Key words: rapeseed expeller, nutrients, undesired substances, standardization
99
KOMPARACIJA ELISA I TLC/HPLC METODA ZA ODREIVANJE ZEA I OTA U ITARICAMA I KRMI COMPARISON BETWEEN ELISA AND TLC/HPLC METHODS FOR DETEMINATION OF ZEARALENON AND OCHRATOXIN A IN FOOD AND FEED
Maja egvi Klari, Stjepan Pepeljnjak, Zdenka Cvetni, Ivan Kosalec Zavod za mikrobiologiju, Farmaceutsko-biokemijski fakultet, Sveuilite u Zagrebu, Schrottova 39, 10000 Zagreb, Hrvatska, E-pota: ikosalec@pharma.hr
SAETAK Fusarium i Penicillium vrste plijesni javljaju se kao najuestaliji kontaminanti itarica u podruju umjerene klime. Posljedino se mikotoksini zearalenon (ZEA) i okratoksin A (OTA) esto nalaze u takvim supstratima u veim ili manjim koncentracijama ovisno o nainu pospemanja usjeva, skladitenju i mikroklimatskim uvjetima. Cilj rada je bio odrediti pojavnost ZEA i OTA tijekom 2007. godine u nasumino uzorkovanim uzorcima itarica i krmiva (N=37) u individualnim domainstvima na podruju endemske nefropatije (EN) u Hrvatskoj. Za odreivanje ZEA i OTA koriten je kompetativni direktni ELISA test (Veratox) prema preporukama proizvoaa Neogen Europe Ltd. te modificirana metoda visokouinkovite tekuinske kromatografije (HPLC) prema Frisvad i Thrane (1987). Usporedbom metoda odreene su granice detekcije i kvantifikacije te korelacije sadraja ispitivanih mikotoksina. ZEA je dokazan u 94,6% uzoraka u rasponu od 12,5 g/kg do 1168 g/kg (srednja koncentracija 320 g/kg), dok je OTA naen u 16% uzoraka s rasponom od 2,5 g/kg do 31,7 g/kg (srednja koncentracija 9,8 g/kg). Ko-kontaminacija je utvrena u 13,5 % uzoraka. Utvrene vrijednosti ZEA i OTA u hrani i krmivu su ispod najveih doputenih koliina prema Pravilniku (NN 118/2007) te odgovaraju i preporukama Europske komisije (EC/576/2006) i EC/1881/2006) Usporedbom metoda, utvreno je da najnii prag detekcije ima ELISA, a slijedi ju HPLC. Utvrene koncentarcije mikotoksina statistiki znajano koreliraju izmeu ELISA i HPLC metode. Prednost ELISA metode je u jednostavnosti izvedbe (pogotovo za veliki broj uzoraka), osjetljivosti, ekonomskoj isplativosti te ekolokoj prihvatljivosti. Prednost HPLC metode je u analizi vie mikotoksina u jednom uzorku.
100
KRMIVA 2008 MOGUNOSTI ODREIVANJA SELENOAMINO KISELINA U HRANI I HRANJIVIM SASTOJCIMA POMOU TEKUINSKE KROMATOGRAFIJE POSSIBILITIES OF LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION OF SELENOAMINO ACIDS AND ITS FOOD AND FEEDING STUFF ANALYTICAL ASPECTS
Zs. Mndoki1, G. Pohn1, Cs. Albert2, Sz. Salamon2, Zs. Csap-Kiss1, J. Csap1,2
2
University of Kaposvr, Faculty of Animal Science, Kaposvr, H-7400 Guba S. u. 40. Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania, RO-530104, Libertatii 1., Miercurea-Ciuc
Determination of the amount of the selenoamino acids contained in foods and feeding stuffs is of great importance as explained in our previous paper. An increased sensitivity can be achieved compared to ionexchange chromatography (IEC) by using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). This is essential since selenoamino acids occur in the biological samples in a much lower (by several orders of magnitude) concentration than the common protein-component amino acids. Accordingly, subsequent to our IEC examinations, we have performed reversed-phase liquid chromatography of the selenoamino acids using fluorescence detection. First we tried to separate selenomethionine (SeMet) and selenocystine (SeCys2) on a C18 column applying a gradient elution with a methanol/sodium acetate buffer eluent after a precolumn derivatization with o-phthaldialdehyde (OPA) and 2-mercaptoethanol. SeMet was well separated, SeCys2 however, similarly to Cys2, did not form fluorescencently active derivative with the reagent. UV detection was not possible due to its low sensitivity. For these reasons, SeCys2 was not further examined. The same experiment was carried out using OPA/2-mercaptoethanesulfonic acid derivatization. A selenic yeast nutritional supplementary product, containing selenium in the form of SeMet, subsequent to a hydrolysis with p-toluenesulfonic acid was also examined and SeMet gave an evaluable peak. As separation and determination of the enantiomers of the selenoamino acids can also be of interest similarly to the common proteinic amino acids, DL-SeMet was chromatographed after precolumn derivatization with OPA and the optically active 1-thio--D-glucose tetra acetate (TGTA) on a C8 column applying a gradient elution with a three-component eluent mixture consisting of methanol/acetonitrile/phosphate buffer. The enantiomers separated practically well. Further HPLC investigations are in process which can be reported later.
Keywords: selenoamino acids, selenomethionine, selenocysteine, chromatography, reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography
selenocystine,
ion-exchange
101
HRANIDBENA VRIJEDNOST UVOZNIH KRMIVA U REPUBLICI MAKEDONIJI NUTRITIVE VALUE OF IMPORTED FEEDSTUFFS IN REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA
Cilev G1., Palaevski B1., Gjorgjievski S2., Gjorgovska Nataa1 , Levkov Vesna1
2
Institut za stoarstvo, Zavod za hranidbu dom. ivotinja, Skopje, Makedonija Fakultet agronomskih nauka i hrane, Katedra za stoarstvo, Skopje, Makedonija
SAETAK Razliita hraniva i obroci domaih ivotinja sadre razliite materije, koje se u toku metabolizma u organizmu ivotinja trebaju transformirati u odreene proizvode (mlijeko, meso, jaja, vunu i dr.). Cilj hranidbe je da omogui to efikasniju konverziju hraniva u razliite proizvode, korisne za hranidbu ovjeka. Zbog toga poznavanje kemijskog sastava i hranjive vrijednosti razliitih hraniva predstavlja osnovu za praktinu primjenu znanja u pripremi hrane i formulaciji obroka. U radu su prikazani rezultati kemijskih analiza 400 uzoraka koncentriranih stonih hraniva iz uvoza. Utvrena su znaajna odstupanja u kvaliteti od Pravilnika za kakvou stone hrane Sl. list 15/89 (vaeeg Pravilnika u Republici Makedoniji). Kljune rijei: proteini, masti, minerali
SUMMARY Different nutrients and meals of the domestic animals contain different substances, which, during the metabolism in the animal organism, should produce certain products (milk, meat, eggs, wool, etc.) The aim of the feeding is to provide the most effective conversion of the nutrients into different products useful for human nutrition. Therefore, the knowledge of the chemical composition and nutritive value of different feedstuffs represent the basis for the practical appliance of the knowledge for the preparation of food and formulation of the meals. In this paper, the results of the chemical analysis of 400 concentrated animal feed, samples, from import, are shown. Significant quality deviations were reported in comparison to the Official Gazete no. 15/89 (valid rule book in Republic of Macedonia). Key words: proteins, fat, minerals
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1 2
Institute for animal husbandy, Department for animal nutrition, Skopje, Macedonia Faculty of agriculture sciences and food, Department for animal husbandy, Skopje,Macedonia
102
KRMIVA 2008 REZULTATI SLUBENE KONTROLE HRANE ZA IVOTINJE U PROCJENI RIZIKA OVERVIEW OF THE OFFICIAL CONTROL RESULTS OF FEED FOR THE PURPOSE OF RISK IDENTIFICATION
Andrea Gross-Bokovi1, Danijela Petrovi1, Martina Jurkovi1, Sanja Milo1, T. Florijani2, I. Bokovi2
2
Hrvatska agencija za hranu, I. Gundulia 36b, 31000 Osijek Poljoprivredni fakultet Sveuilita J.J. Strossmayera u Osijeku, Trg Sv. Trojstva 3, 31000 Osijek
SAETAK Posljednjih godina, uvoenje pristupa kojim se promatra cjelokupni lanac hrane, koji prepoznaje nunost opskrbe zdravstveno ispravnom hranom, pripomogao je i naglaavanju vanosti zdravstvene ispravnosti hrane za ivotinje koja se nalazi na samom poetku lanca. Uloga hrane za ivotinje u proizvodnji zdravstveno ispravne hrane (pre)poznata je irom svijeta. Razvoj poboljanih postupaka proizvodnje hrane za ivotinje kao i razvoj metoda uzorkovanja i analitikih tehnika nuni su kako bi se postigli odgovarajui standardi u podruju zdravstvene ispravnosti hrane za ivotinje. Istovremeno, razvoj u podruju primjene okvira za analizu rizika omoguio je bolje razumijevanje utjecaja potencijalnih opasnosti porijeklom od hrane za ivotinje na zdravstvenu ispravnost hrane te u konanici na javno zdravstvene probleme. Stoga su potroai u dananje vrijeme svjesni kakav utjecaj po ljudsko zdravlje moe imati zdravstveno neispravna hrana za ivotinje. Budui da hrana za ivotinje jedan od glavnih naina kojima opasnosti po ljudsko zdravlje mogu dospjeti u lanac hrane, njihova se zdravstvena ispravnost mora temeljito ispitati i procijeniti sa stajalita rizika. Navedene opasnosti mogu biti bioloke, kemijske i fizikalne, a svaka od njih povezana je sa tono odreenim izvorom kontaminacije i putem izloenosti. Budui da je lista potencijalnih opasnosti velika, te svakodnevno raste, potrebno je ukljuiti multidisciplinarni pristup u svrhu procjene rizika. Kako bi pravilno procijenili rizik, prvi korak koji je potrebno uiniti je identifikacija rizika koja se temelji na prepoznavanju i utvrivanju svih neeljenih tvari i mikroorganizama koji mogu biti prirodno prisutni u hrani ili uneseni naknadno za vrijeme proizvodnje, manipulacije ili transporta. Detaljna i precizna saznanja o izvorima i uestalosti bolesti porijeklom od hrane, preduvjet su za poduzimanje konkretnih mjera u svrhu smanjivanja rizika za zdravlje. Iz tog razloga, u mnogim zemljama nedostatak pouzdanih podataka o izvorima bolesti prenosivih hranom i hranom za ivotinje predstavlja kljuan problem prilikom provoenja sustava nadzora u svrhu upravljanja rizikom. Kako se zbog pribliavanja lanstvu u Europskoj Uniji Hrvatska intenzivno bavi pitanjima sigurnosti hrane pratei novi koncept modela analize rizika cijelog prehrambenog lanca od polja do stola, svrha ovog rada je prikazati rezultate slubene kontrole hrane za ivotinje, ukazati na osnovne probleme i nedostatke te dati smjernice za njihovo uklanjanje..
Kljune rijei: sigurnost hrane, analiza rizika, koncept od polja do stola
103
ABSTRACT In the recent years, the introduction of the food chain approach, which recognizes that responsibility for the supply of safe food, has served to highlight the importance of safety feed which is on its very beginning. The role of animal feed in the production of safe food is recognized world wide. Development of improved practises in the feed production and development of sampling and analytical techniques are necessary for achieving proper food safety standards. In the same time, development work on the application of the risk analysis framework has facilitated understanding of the potential impact of animal feed safety on public health. Therefore, consumers are increasingly aware of food safety problems which are linked with feed production. As animal feed is an important route by which hazards can be enter in the human chain, its safety must be properly assessed. Those hazards can be biological, chemical and physical. Each of them is associated with particular sources and routes of contamination and exposure. The list of potential hazards is very large and constantly evolving. A multidisciplinary approach to risk assessment therefore is needed. In order to assess the risk, the first step that has to be done is risk identification, which is dealing with identification of any undesirable substances and micro-organisms which may be naturally present in feed or introduced during the production, distribution or transport. Detail and precious knowledges related to sources and frequencies of food borne diseases in order to undertake concrete measures for reducing health risks are necessary. For that reason, insufficient number of reliable data related to source of food or feed borne illnesses presents major problem for implementation of control systems and risk management in many countries. In order to prepare for the accession to European Union as good as possible, Croatia is intensively working on food safety issues following the new concept of risk analysis throughout the whole food chain from farm to fork, and the main purpose of this paper is to present the results of official control of feed, point out on main problems and shortages and give a few suggestions how to minimise them.
Key words: food safety, risk analysis, from farm to fork concept
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1 2
Craotian food Agency, I. Gundulia 36b, 31000 Osijek, Croatia Faculty of Agriculture, J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijeku, Trg Sv. Trojstva 3, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
104
KRMIVA 2008 KAKVOA SVINJSKIH POLOVICA KRIANACA PIETREN I HEMPIR PASMINE PIG CARCASS QUALITY OF PIETREN AND HAMPSHIRE CROSSBREEDS
Tatjana Jelen1, D. Mareni1, V. Pinti1, Nataa Pinti Pukec2
SAETAK Proizvoai svinjetine proteklih godina imaju znaajne probleme u plasmanu svinjetine, prvenstveno obzirom na uestalu pojavu blijedog, mekanog i vodenog mesa (BMV) i iz razloga to se sve vie trai, i vie plaa, tovljenik bolje kakvoe miinoga tkiva za tzv. specijalnu namjenu (prut, kulen, spec. kobasice). Cilj ovog istraivanja je uvoenjem novoga genotipa (HPxPI) po oevoj strani, poboljati kakvou miinoga tkiva novostvorenih krianaca. Istraivanje je provedeno na pet obiteljskih gospodarstava s podruja Koprivniko-krievake upanije. U klaonicama je ispitana kakvoa miinoga tkiva (n=200) krianaca, s majine strane LxVJ, oeva HPxPI, ive mase 100 kg, mjerenjem pH1, pH2 vrijednosti i boje (L*,a*,b*) u m. gracilis. U ukupnom uzorku meso poeljne kakvoe prema pH1 imalo je 87% polovica, odnosno 84% polovica prema pH2 (PIC 1997). Pojava BMV mesa zabiljeena je prema pH1 u 10% polovica, odnosno 14% polovica prema pH2 u ukupnom uzorku (PIC 1997). Prosjene utvrene vrijednosti boje mesa u ukupnom uzorku bile su L*42,92, a*19,37, b*5,08. Najbolju vrijednost boje imale su polovice petog gospodarstva (L*42,56, a*19,43, b*4,74). Najbolja kakvoa polovica, prema (S)EURO standardu, bila je na prvom gospodarstvu sa 23,18% polovica S klase i 52,79% polovica E klase. SUMMARY In the last few years producers of pork have had great problems with distribution of pork, related primarily to frequent appearance of Pale, Soft, Exudative meat (PSE). The reason of these is because market puts more emphasis and pays more money for high quality meat, especially for spec. sausages, ham. The aim of this research is bringing in new father's genotype (HPxPI) to improve meat quality of newly formed crossbreeds. The research included five family farms from Koprivniko-krievaka county. Meat quality pH1, pH2 value and colours (L*,a*,b*) were measured in slaughterhouse at n=200 crossbreeds (live weight 100kg) from mother's side SLxLW, father's side HPxPI in m. gracilis. In total sample 87% carcasses had desirable quality toward pH1 value while toward pH2 only 84% carcasses (PIC 1997) were within desirable quality. Out of all samples, only 10% carcasses toward pH1 and 14% toward pH2 had Pale, Soft, Exudative meat (PSE) (PIC 1997). Average value in total sample were L*42,92, a*19,37, b*5,08 and the best results were found in the fifth family farm (L*42,56, a*19,43, b*4,74). The best carcass quality, according to (S)EURO standard, was in the first family farm with 23,18% carcasses of S class and 52,79% carcasses of E class.
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1 2
Dr.sc. Tatjana Jelen, Dejan Mareni, dipl. ing, Dr. sc. Vinko Pinti, - Visoko gospodarsko uilite u Krievcima, M. Demerca 1; Nataa Pinti Pukec, dr.vet.med. - HSC - Sredinji laboratorij za kontrolu kvalitete mlijeka, Kri. Poljanka 147. Hrvatska-Croatia
105
UTJECAJ VREMENA ODBIA NA PROIZVODNE KARAKTERISTIKE PRASADI I TOVLJENIKA THE INFLUENCE OF AGE OF WEANING ONTO PRODUCTIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF PIGLETS AND PORKERS
1
Gjorgjievski, S., 2Ana Murgjieva-Mijakova, Violeta Bovarova, Sonja Efremova, 3M. Trajev i 4G. Cilev
SUMMARY The aim of this research was to estimate the influence of age of weaning onto productive results of piglets and porkers (body live weight, daily gain, feed consumption and feed conversion). First group of piglets was weaned on 21 day, and the second at 28 days of age. Two trials were performed: in the weaning unit, with duration of 47 days and in the fattening unit with duration of 92 days. The difference was only its age of weaning. The feed mixtures were with suitable composition and nutritive value, and were similar for both groups. The results showed significantly inferior productive characteristics at the group which was weaned on 21 days of age. Key words: piglets, porkers, age, productive results-body live weight, daily gain, feed consumption, feed conversion.
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1
Fakultet agronomskih nauka i hrane, Skopje Makedonija, 2Agria group, Veles Makedonija, 3Fakultet agronomskih nauka i hrane, Skopje Makedonija, 4Institut za stoarstvo, Skopje Makedonija
106
KRMIVA 2008 OEKIVANI I OPAENI PRIRASTI IVE VAGE TE KOLIINE KRME POTREBNE UKUPNO, POTROIVE ZA UZDRAVANJE, RASPLOIVE ZA PROIZVODNJU I POLOIVE PRAIIMA EXPECTED AND OBSERVED GROWTH RATES AND THE QUANTITIES OF FEED REQUIRED TOTALLY, CONSUMABLE FOR THE MAINTENANCE, AVAILABLE FOR THE PRODUCTION AND POSSIBLE GIVEN TO PIGLETS
M. Sviben
SAETAK Bilo je objavljeno (Sviben, 1995), koliko je svinjama potrebno poloiti krme po danima ivota od 15. do 217. te je bilo navedeno, kolike prosjene ive vage mogu postii svinje stare 21-217 dana, ako ih 7-12 u oboru, na nepropusnom podu, bez stelje, u djelomice prikladnom mikroklimatu hrane obrono ili po volji, krmom koja sadri malen do normalan udio bjelanevina. Zanimalo nas je, da li praii pri odbiu poslije etiri tjedna dojenja, na kraju razdoblja prihvata te na kraju razdoblja othrane postiu ive vage oekivane pri primjeni opisane metode krmljenja svinja, koja je bila obiljeena kao metoda A. Radi navedenoga prikupljeni su podaci o ivim vagama praia pri odbiu s navrenih 27 (n = 75), 28 (n = 53) odnosno 29 (n = 53) dana pa nakon 30 dana, kada je isteklo razdoblje prihvata te u dobi od 70, 71 odnosno 72 dana, kada je po isteku razdoblja othrane prasad bila iz odgajalita premjetena u tovilite. Prikupljeni podaci obraeni su statistikim postupcima. Srednje vrijednosti za ivu vagu odojaka na kraju dojenja opaene pri odbiu nadmaile su prosjene teine tjelesa oekivane pri primjeni metode krmljenja A. Na kraju razdoblja prihvata opaene srednje vrijednosti za ivu vagu praia bile su manje nego oekivane pri primjeni metode krmljenja A. Prigodom premjetaja prasadi iz odgajalita u tovilite, na kraju razdoblja othrane, prosjene vrijednosti za teine tjelesa bile su gotovo jednake oekivanima pri primjeni metode krmljenja A. Prirasti ive vage tijekom razdoblja prihvata prasadi bili su manji nego oekivani (-29,92%, -22,44% odnosno 15,17%), poto je koliina krme poloive praiima bila manja od koliine krme potrebne po metodi krmljenja A (-19,12%, -16,62% odnosno -12,73%). Prirasti opaeni u razdoblju othrane prasadi nadmaili su oekivane prosjene vrijednosti za 26,22%, 31,29% odnosno 35,92%. Za podjednake postotke (23,82%, 27,89% ili 32,08%) koliine krme poloive praiima tokom razdoblja othrane nadmaile su koliine potrebne ukupno po metodi krmljenja A. Odojci, koji su pri odbiu bili tei nego to se je moglo oekivati da budu, nisu bili takvi na kraju prihvata i na kraju othrane zbog toga to u toku razdoblja prihvata nisu dobivali toliko krme, koliko im je bilo potrebno za uzdravanje i za proizvodnju. Praii mogu postii teine tjelesa do kraja etvrtoga i do kraja desetoga tjedna ivota, kolike su predviene pri primjeni metode krmljenja A. Vee teine tjelesa prasadi mogu biti postignute primjenom drugih metoda krmljenja.
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UTJECAJ HRANIDBENOG TRETMANA NA KARAKTERISTIKE RASTA SVINJA INFLUENCE OF FEEDING REGIME ON PIG GROWTH CHARACTERISTICS
D. Vincek1, Ivona urkin2, Gordana Kralik2, A .Petrievi, U. Baulain 3, G. Kuec2
SAETAK Istraivanje karakteristika rasta svinja u razliitim hranidbenim tretmanima provedeno je na 35 kastrata, etverostrukih krianaca Pietrain x Hampshire nerastova s krmaama velikog jorkira x njemaki landras. Svinje su bile podijeljene u dvije skupine s obzirom na razinu hranidbe: intenzivnu (ad libitum) i restriktivnu u kojoj su svinje hranjene po volji do priblino 70 kg ive teine (17 tjedana starosti), a nakon toga im je unos hrane bio ogranien. Intenzivna skupina svinja dobivala je 13.8 MJ ME/kg hrane i 17,5% sirovih bjelanevina u poetnoj fazi te 13,8 MJ ME/kg hrane i 15,0% sirovih bjelanevina u zavrnoj fazi tova. Svinje iz restriktivne skupine bile su hranjene prema naputku njemakog programa za hibridne svinje (BHZP) prema kojemu su dobivale u prvih 17 tjedana (~70kg ive teine) hranidbe po volji 13,0 MJ ME/kg hrane i 17,5% sirovih bjelanevina; dok su u drugoj fazi tova bile hranjene restriktivno smjesom koja je sadravala 13,0 MJ ME/kg i 15,0% sirovih bjelanevina. Unos energije bio je ogranien na 34,0 MJ ME na dan. Svinje su bile vagane jednom na tjedan, a podaci o rastu miinog i masnog tkiva dobiveni su dobivanjem slika pomou magnetno rezonante tomografije (MRI). Statistika analiza parametara asimetrine S-funkcije pokazala je znaajne razlike izmeu sigmoidnih krivulja rasta ive teine i volumena masnog tkiva svinja iz dvaju hranidbenih tretmana. Meutim, razlike izmeu tih svinja nisu bile statistiki znaajne kada je u pitanju miino tkivo. Kombinirajui informacije dobivene medeliranjem rasta ive teine i miinog tkiva izraunat je optimalna klaonika teina istraivanih svinja, 130 kg za svinje iz intenzivne skupine i 114 kg za restriktivno hranjene svinje. Zakljuno se moe rei da je restriktivni hranidbeni tretman svinja preporuljiviji u tovu BHZP hibrida jer intenzivna hranidba koja je znaajno skuplja nije unaprijedila svojstva rasta istraivanih svinja u smislu poveane proizvodnje miine mase.
Kljune rijei: svinje, sastav trupa,rast, magnetna rezonantna tomografija
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SUMMARY The research on pig growth characteristics was conducted on 35 barrows, 4-way-crosses with a Pietrain X Hampshire sire and Large White x German White Landrace dam. Pigs were divided into two groups according to feeding regime: intensive (ad libitum) and restrictive. Intensive group fed with diets with energy content of 13.8 MJ ME per kg and 17.5% of crude protein in growth phase and 13.8 MJ ME per kg and 15% of crude protein in the finishing phase, respectively. Pigs from restrictive group were fed according to German feeding recommendation for barrows. In the first 17 weeks (~70 kg of live weight) they pigs were fed ad libitum with diets containing 13.0 MJ ME per kg and 17.5% of crude protein. In the finishing phase the pigs were fed restrictively. This diet contained 13.0 MJ ME per kg and 15% of crude protein. The energy intake was restricted on 34.0 MJ ME per day. The pigs were weight once a week and data on muscle and fatty tissue growth were obtained by means of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Statistical analysis of asymmetric S-function parameters showed significant differences between sigmoid growth curves for live weight and fatty tissue volume of pigs from two feeding regimes. However, no significant differences were found for muscle tissue between these groups. Optimal slaughter weight of investigated pigs was calculated by combining information obtained from growth of live weight and muscle tissue modelling: 130 kg for pigs from intensive group and 114 kg for pigs from restrictive group. It can be concluded that restrictive feeding regime is more recommendable for BHZP barrows because intensive feeding, which is significantly more expensive, did not improve growth characteristics of investigated pigs in the sence of increased production of muscle tissue.
Key words: pigs, body composition, growth, magnetic resonance tomography
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Dragutin Vincek, dipl.in.,Varadinska upanija, Frajevaki trg 7, 42000 Varadin, Hrvatska, vincekd@net.hr, Ivona urkin, dipl. ing., prof.dr.sc.dr.h.c. Gordana Kralik, prof.emeritus Antun Petrievi i prof.dr.sc. Goran Kuec, - Poljoprivredni fakultet, Sveuilite Josipa Jurja Strossmayera u Osijeku, Zavod za specijalnu zootehniku, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, 31000 Osijek, Hrvatska; 3 Dr.sc.Ulrich Baulain - Institute for Animal Breeding Mariensee, Federal Agricultural Research Centre (FAL), Njemaka
2 1
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DINAMIKA IN VITRO PROBAVLJIVOSTI KROBA RAZLIITIH HIBRIDA KUKURUZA U TANKOM CRIJEVU SVINJE KINETICS OF IN VITRO DIGESTIBILITY OF STARCH IN SMALL INTESTINE OF PIG
Grbea, D., Ki, G., Kljak, K. Grgi, G. Zavod za hranidbu domaih ivotinja, Sveuilita u Zagrebu - Agronomski fakultet
Probavljeni krob kukuruza glavni je izvor energije za svinje, a neprobavljeni za mikroorganizme debelog crijeva. Svinje dobivaju energiju iz glukoze osloboene enzimatskom razgradnjom kroba u tankom crijevu i hlapljvih masnih kiselina sanalih mikrobiolokom fermenacijom neprobavljenog (rezistentnog) kroba u debelom crijevu. Hlapljive masne kiseline imaju za 20-30% manje energije od glukoze, ali povoljno djeluju na zdravlje debelog crijeva, a fermentacijom rezistentnog kroba nastane dosta maslane kiseline koja je jedini izvor energije za stanice debelog crijeva. Sadraj u buragu probavljivog i rezistentnog kroba ovisi o omjeru ronatog i branastog endosperma u zrnu kukuruza. Kako u dostupnoj literaturi nema podataka utjecaju udjela ronatog endosperma u razliitim hibridima kukuruza na probavljivost cilj ovoga rada utvrditi in vitro probavljivost kroba est po sadraju ronatog endosperma razliitih hibrida kukuruza. U istraivanju smo koristili est domaih hibrida kukuruza razliitih po udjelu ronatog endosperma. Udio ronatog u ukupnom endospermu odreen je runom disekcijom 50 zrna svakog hibrida kukuruza. Simulacija probavljivost kroba u tankom crijevu svinja izvrena je in vitro enzimatskom hidrolizom kroba prema Boisen i Fernndez (1997.). Hidroliza kroba do glukoze nakon etiri sata inkubacije predstavlja probavljivost u tankom crijevu. Za statistiku obrada podataka koriten je programski paket SAS (2002.). In vitro probavljivost kroba u tankom crijevu linearno raste (r=0,83) sa opadanjem udjela ronatog u ukupnom endospermu. Tablica 1. Ronatost i in vitro probavljivost kroba kukuruza (%) HIBRID A B C D E F p 0.0001 Ronati u ukupnom endospermu (%) 83,89 82,89 82,28 72,16 66,39 63,42 In vitro probavljivost nakon 4 h 48,77 49,92 69,54 73,44 74,63 79,74 Hibridi slinih probavljivosti B A DEF CEF CDE CEF
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KRMIVA 2008 UINAK BUTIRATA I EKSTRAKTA Yucca Schidigeri NA KVALITETU KOSTIJU TIJEKOM RASTA PRASADI THE EFFECT OF BUTYRATE AND Yucca Schidigeri EXTRACT ON BONE QUALITY IN DEVELOPING PIGLETS
Puzio I.1, Valverde Piedra J.L.1, Kapica M.1, Bieko M.1, Pawowska M.1, Kusiska E.2, Szymaczyk S.E.1 Department of Animal Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Agriculture University in Lublin 2 Department of Engineering and Food Machinery, Faculty of Production Engineering, Agriculture University in Lublin
1
The aim of this study was to investigate effects of Na-butyrate and extract of Yucca Schidigeri treatment on skeletal development of piglets. The study was conducted from 14th until 56th of postnatal life. Piglets were randomly assigned to control and experimental groups fed on the diet with addition of Na-butyrate (300g/t feed) and extract of Yucca Schidigeri (50g/t feed). At age of 28th, 35th and 56th day of life the piglets were slaughtered and the humera were isolated for further analysis. The bone formation and its quality were measurement by weight, length, BMC, BMD, physical (ultimate strength, maximum elastic strength) and geometrical parameters. The weight and geometrical parameters such as cross-sectional area, second moment of inertia, mean relative wall thickness were significantly increased in experimental 56-d old piglets. Furthermore, experimental diet induced significantly higher BMC and BMD, and improved the mechanical endurance of bones in terms of the moments of maximum elastic strength and maximum strength. It is concluded that early postnatal treatment of piglets with Na-butyrate and extract of Yucca Schidigeri positively affects development and function of the bones during growth.
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NUTRITIVNO-TEHNOLOKI POGLED NA UPOTREBU ULJA UZGOJENE CRNJIKE (Nigella sativa) U TOVU PILIA NUTRITIVE AND TECHNOLOGICAL VIEW ON USE OF BLACK SEED (Nigella sativa) OIL IN FATTENING CHICKS
Gagi Abdulah2, Alibegovi-Zei Fahira1, Kavazovi Aida1, Piplica Slavica1,Crnki azim1
Upotreba urekotovog ulja nije uobiajna u praksi ishrane tovnih pilia, ali zbog visokog sadraja linolne i linolenske kiseline koriteno je u eksperimentalne svrhe u skladu sa zahtjevima ovog istraivanja. Dodavanje urekotovog ulja (1g/kg) u smjeama za tov pilia pozitivno utie na konzumaciju hrane i tjelesnu masu (Halle i sar.1999). Cilj rada je bio ispitati uticaj dodatka urekotovog ulja (Nigella sativa seed oil) na tjelesnu masu, prirast, konverziju hrane i proizvodni broj kod 40 pilia provenijence Cobb 500, podijeljenih u dvije grupe (pokusna i kontrolna). Hemijskom analizom u komercijalnim smjesama za tov pilia utvreno je u sterteru 22,41% sirovog proteina i metabolike energije 13,56MJ/kg, u groweru 21,17% sirovog proteina i metabolike energije 13,81MJ/kg i u finieru 20,06% sirovog proteina i metabolike energije 13,90 MJ/kg. urekotovo ulje je hemijski analizirano, a potom davano piliima pokusne skupine po jednu kap (0,025 g/piletu) per os svaki dan tokom tova. Kljune rijei: hranidba, pilii, ulje urekota
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1 2
Katedra za hranu i ishranu ivotinja, Veterinarski fakultet, Sarajevo Zavod za peradarstvo, Veterinarski fakultet, Sarajevo
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KRMIVA 2008 UINAK ULJA UZGOJENE CRNJIKE (Nigella sativa) NA IMUNOSNI ODZIV PILIA U TOVU THE EFFECT OF BLACK SEED OIL (Nigella sativa) ON THE IMMUNITY RESPONSE OF BROILERS
Reidbegovi Emina, Gagi A., Kustura Aida, Goleti T., Kavazovi Aida
SAETAK
Dugogodinje koritenja antibiotika u intenzivnoj peradarskoj proizvodnji kao stimulatora rasta i u prevenciji oboljenja, rezultiralo je stvaranjem rezidua u jajima i mesu peradi i pojavi bakterija rezistentnih na specifine antibiotike. Iz tih razloga, u svijetu dolo je do zabrane upotreba pojedinih antibiotika, i istovremeno proizvelo potrebu za iznalanjem njihove zamjene. urekotovo ulje (Nigella sativa seed oil) se koristi kao prirodni lijek preko 2000 godina. Nigella sativa (NS) pripada familiji Ranunculacea godinja je biljka koja uspjeva na podruju Mediterana, June i Centralne Azije a danas se takoe uzgaja i u Istonoj Evropi. Istraivanja pokazuju da ulje urekota posjeduje antibakterijsku, antivirusnu, antioksidativnu, imunopotentnu i hepatoprotektivnu aktivnost. Prisustvo velikog broja esencijalnih nutrijenata i raznovrsnost farmakolokih aktivnih supstancija ine ga pogodnim za koritenje u obrocima za perad, kao sastojak koji je dobar kao aditiv. U naim eksperimentalim istraivanjima ispitivan je uinak dodatka urekotovog ulja, na imuni odziv pilia. Ukupno 40 pilia proovenijence Cobb 500, podijeljeno je u dvije skupine (pokusna i kontrolna), obje skupine pilia su vakcinisane prema utvrenom programu imunoprofilakse, a pilii iz pokusne skupine tretirani su peroralno (0,025gr/po piletu) urekotovim uljem svakodnevno tokom perioda tova. Kontrola postvakcinalnog imuniteta protiv njukaslske i Gumborske bolesti testirana je kod pilia u dobi od 25, 32 i 42 dana.
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Dr. Emina Reidbegovi, vanredni profesor, dr.Abdulah Gagi, redovni profesor, mr. Aida Kustura, vii asistent, mr.Teufik Goleti, vii asistent, mr.Aida Kavovi, vii asistent, Zavod za peradarstvo, Veterinarski fakultet Univerziteta u Sarajevu.
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KLAONIKA VRIJEDNOST ODABRANIH VRSTA PERADI SLAUGHTER VALUES IN THE SELECTED SPECIES OF FEATHERED GAME BIRDS
Vladimr Veerek, Nora Mas, Frantiek Vitula, Eva Strakov, Vlasta erman, Pavel Such
SAETAK Cilj ovog rada bila je usporedba klaonikog randmana i randmana znaajnih organa i tkiva kod est vrsta peradi, i to divljeg purana (Meleagris gallopavo), biserke (Numida meleagris), ukare (Alectoris chucar), japanske prepelice (Coturnix coturnix japonica), obinog fazana (Phasianus colchicus) i trke skvrulje (Perdix perdix). U svrhu provedbe eksperimenata od svake je vrste peradi zaklano i ispitivano 10 ivotinja (5 mujaka i 5 enki). Sva je perad uzgojena pod istim uvjetima u uzgajivanici peradi u opini Jinaovice (eka republika) u uzgojnom centru u sklopu Veterinarskog i farmaceutskog sveuilita u Brnu. ivotinje su uzgajane u volijerama, s istovjetnim sistemom hranjenja i pojenja. ivotinje su za ispitivanje odabrane sluajnim izborom. Odabrane ivotinje su bile odmah nakon zavrenog hvatanja izvagane, zaklane i klaoniki obraene na klasian nain (slino kao kod pilia za klanje). Pozornost je posveena posebno teini trupa, teini vrata, teini srca, teini jetre, teini eluca, teini abdominalne masti, teini prsnih miia, teini bataka (s koom i bez koe), teini gornjih bataka, teini donjih bataka, teini miia gornjih i donjih bataka (Tab. 1). Na temelju navedenih podataka izraunat je klaoniki randman i randman pojedinanih organa i tkiva s obzirom na ivu teinu pojedinih ivotinja (Tab. 2). Iz dobivenih rezultata proizlazi (grafiki prikazi 1 13) da kod praenih pokazatelja klaonikog randmana i randmana pojedinanih organa i tkiva peradi postoje znaajne razlike izmeu pojedinanih vrsta peradi. Najvei klaoniki randman utvren je kod Prepelice (71,14 %), neto nii kod Biserke (70,61 %), Obinog fazana (69,74 %), Trke skvrulje (69,09 %), ukara (68,92 %), a najnii klaoniki randman utvren je kod Divljeg purana (67,99 %). Razlike meu prosjenim vrijednostima (P 0,05) dokazane su izmeu Prepelice i Purana, Prepelice i ukara, dalje izmeu Biserke i Purana te Biserke i ukara. Na slian nain su razmatrane i razlike meu pojedinanim vrstama peradi u pogledu praenih pokazatelja kvalitete klaoniki obraenog trupa.
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KRMIVA 2008
ABSTRACT The main aim of this study was to compare the slaughter yield and the yield of major organs and tissues in the following six species of feathered game: wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo), helmeted guinea-fowl (Numida meleagris), chukar (Alectoris chucar), Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica), common pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) and grey partridge (Perdix perdix). A total of 10 individual birds (5 males and 5 females) from each species were slaughtered and analysed in January 2007 for experimental purposes. The game investigated was hatched in May and reared in 2006 in the same conditions on the feathered game rearing farm in Jinaovice (Czech Republic) which is the experimental facility of the University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno. The birds were reared in aviaries with the identical feeding and watering systems and subjected to random selection for slaughter for examination. The individual birds caught were immediately weighed and slaughtered. The resultant carcasses were processed using a conventional method (similar to that in chickens intended for slaughter). The following parameters were investigated: the weight of carcass and the weights of major organs and tissues such as the neck, heart, liver, stomach, abdominal fat, breast muscles, thighs (with skin and without skin), upper thighs, lower thighs, and the muscles of upper and lower thighs (Table 1). The data obtained were used to calculate the yield of carcass and the yield of individual organs and tissues, relative to the live weights of individual birds (Table 2). It follows from the results (Graphs 1 13) that the yields of carcass and the yields of individual organs and tissues differred significantly between individual species of feathered game. The highest yield of carcass was found in Japanese quail (71.14 %) followed by helmeted guinea-fowl (70.61 %), common pheasant (69.74 %), grey partridge (69.09 %), chukar (68.92 %), with the lowest yield of carcass being found in wild turkey (67.99 %). Statistically significant differences in the respective mean values (P 0.05) were found between the quail and the turkey, between the quail and the chukar, between the guinea-fowl and the turkey, and between the guinea-fowl and the chukar. The differences between individual species were evaluated analogously for other monitored carcass quality parameters.
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TOVNA OBILJEJA TEKIH HIBRIDA PURA FATTENING CHARACTERISTICS OF TURKEY HEAVY HYBRIDS
Z. krti1, Gordana Kralik1, Zlata Gajevi1, I. Kriek, Danica Hanek SAETAK Proizvodnja tovnih pura ima sve vei znaaj u Republici Hrvatskoj. Pure se uzgajaju zbog lako probavljivog mesa koje sadri visok udio bjelanevina s povoljnim aminokiselinskim sastavom. U proizvodnji pura znaajan imbenik je i pravilan odabir hibrida koji e u ponuenim uvjetima postii najbolje proizvodne rezultate. U radu su istaknuta tovna obiljeja suvremenih tekih hibrida pura najpoznatijih selekcijskih tvrtki u svijetu: British United Turkeys (hibrid B.U.T. big 6), Nicholas (hibrid Nicholas 700) i Hybrid (hibrid Extreme). Kod pura, vie nego kod svih ostalih vrsta domaih ivotinja posebno su izraene razlike izmeu spolova u tovnim obiljejima (tjelesna teina, prirast, konzumacija i konverzija hrane). Tako su ve nakon prvog tjedna tova utvrene statistiki znaajne razlike (P<0,05) izmeu mujaka i enki pura podrijetlom Nicholas 700. Zbog navedenih razlika i duine tova (16.-20. tjedana) izmeu spolova, teki hibridi pura tove se odvojeno po spolovima. Pure tekih hibrida na kraju tova (16.tjedana) postiu zavrnu teinu od 9,94 kg (Nicholas 700) do 10,55 kg (Hybrid Extreme), uz konverziju hrane (kg hrane/kg prirasta) od 2,37 (Nicholas 700) do 2,76 (B.U.T. Big 6). Hibridni purani tekog tipa na kraju tova (20.tjedan) teki su od 19,42 kg (B.U.T. Big 6) do 20,20 kg (Hybrid Extreme). Konverzija hrane u tjelesnu teinu kod purana tekog tipa tijekom 20. tjedana tova je od 2,57 (Hybrid Extreme) do 2,82 kg/kg (B.U.T Big 6). Kljune rijei: pure, tov, hibridi, tovna obiljeja SUMMARY Production of turkeys is lately gaining on importance in Croatia. Turkeys are produced mostly because of meat which is easily digested and contains high percentage of protein with favorable amino acid composition. Selection of turkey hybrid is crucial in turkey production as it should be in line with particular production conditions in order to assure best possible production outcomes. This study puts emphasis on fattening characteristics of turkey heavy hybrids of the most popular selection companies: British United Turkeys (hybrid B.U.T. big 6), Nicholas (hybrid Nicholas 700) and Hybrid (hybrid Extreme). Unlike other domestic animals, turkeys exhibit differences between sexes related to fattening characteristics (body live weight, weight gain, feed consumption and conversion). In our experiment statistically significant differences (P<0.05) between turkey toms and hens of Nicholas 700 provenience were determined already in the first week of fattening. Because of stated differences between sexes and duration of fattening (16-20 weeks), turkey tomes and hens of heavy hybrids are separated during fattening. At the end of fattening (16th week) turkey hens of heavy hybrid weigh from 9.94 kg (Nicholas 700) to 10.55 kg (Hybrid Extreme), and have feed conversion (kg of feed/kg of weight gain) from 2.37 (Nicholas 700) to 2.76 (B.U.T. Big 6). At the end of fattening (20th week) turkey toms of heavy hybrid weigh from 19.42 kg (B.U.T. Big 6) to 20.20 kg (Hybrid Extreme). Conversion of feed to live weight of turkey toms of heavy hybrid during 20 weeks of fattening is from 2.57 (Hybrid Extreme) to 2.82 kg/kg (B.U.T Big 6). Key words: turkeys, fattening, hybrids, fattening characteristics ______________________________
1
Doc.dr.sc.Zoran krti, prof.dr.sc.dr.h.c. Gordana Kralik i mr.sc. Zlata Gajevi Poljoprivredni fakultet, Sveuilite Josipa Jurja Strossmayera u Osijeku, Zavod za specijalnu zootehniku, Katedra za peradarstvo, svinjogojstvo i biometriku, Trg sv. Trojstva, 31000 Osijek, Hrvatska, szoran@pfos.hr; 2Ivan Kriek, dr.vet.med., Phoenix Farmacija d.d. Vinkovaka 61a, 31000 Osijek, Hrvatska
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KRMIVA 2008 UINCI DODAVANJA SEL-PLEX-A U HRANU ZA PILIE NA DEPONIRANJE SELENA U TKIVIMA EFFECTS OF SUPRA-DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION OF CHICKEN DIETS WITH SEL-PLEX ON SELENIUM DEPOSITION IN TISSUES
T. Acamovic1 i G. Bertin2 SAC, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK, i 2Alltech France, Levallois-Perret, France Sadraj mikronutrijenta selena (Se) u ljudskoj hrani i hrani za ivotinje od kljune je vanosti za odravanje zdravlja i dobrobiti. Previsoke razine Se u hrani, meutim, pokazuju toksine uinke i smanjene performanse u pilia. tetni uinci po performanse pokazali su se veima kad je Se dodan u obliku neorganskih soli, u usporedbi s istim konsentracijama dodanim u organskim oblicima selena, u prvom redu kao organskog selena u obliku Sel-Plex-a (Alltech Inc.). Nasumina blok studija provedena je s mukim i enskim Ross piliima hranjenim obrocima bez dodanog Se, ili obrocima s 5mg/kg Se u obliku natrij-selenita, ili u obliku Sel-Plex-a. Dodavanjem Se u obliku Sel-Plex-a povean je ukupni sadraj Se u tkivu za oko 25 puta. Daljnje dodavanje iznad 5 mg/kg u obroku povealo je ukupni sadraj Se i sadraj selenometionina u tkivima nogu i prsa u usporedbi s piliima hranjenim kontrolnim obrokom i piliima s dodanim natrij-selenitom (P<0,001). U istim tkivima, u obliku selenometionina bilo je svih 100% Se kod pilia s dodanim Sel-Plex-om, dok je svega 30-40% Se u obliku selenometionina bilo kod pilia hranjenih uz dodatak natrij-selenita, odnosno oko 60% kod pilia bez dodanog Se. Zanimljivo je da u oba tkiva, dodavanje Se nije utjecalo na selenocistin. ini se da je mehanizam pretvorbe Se iz neorganskih soli u selenometionin i selenocistin u pilia slab, dok je deponiranje selenometionina iz obroka uinkovito. Selenometionin i ukupni Se u oba tkiva bili su u jakoj korelaciji, pokazujui da se Se uinkovito deponira kao selenometionin u tkivima nogu, a podjednako i u tkivu prsa.
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The presence of the micronutrient selenium (Se) in the diets of man and animals is critical for the maintenance of health and welfare. Supra levels of Se in diets, however, show toxic effects and reduced performance in chickens. The adverse effects on performance have been demonstrated to be greater with Se supplied as inorganic salts compared with the same concentrations supplied as organo-Se compounds, primarily as organoselenium in the form of Sel-Plex (Alltech Inc.). A randomised block study was conducted with male and female Ross chickens where they were fed diets containing no supplementary Se or diets with about 5mg/kg of Se either in the form of sodium selenenite or Sel-Plex. The supplementation of chicken diets with Se from Sel-Plex increased the total Se content of tissue by about 25-fold. Further, a greater than 5 mg/kg supplementation of diets increased the total Se content and selenomethionine content of both leg and breast tissue in comparison with the birds fed the control diet and that supplemented with sodium selenite (P<0.001). In both tissues selenomethionine accounted for essentially 100% of the Se when Sel-Plex was fed while 30-40% and about 60% of the Se was accounted for in the birds fed the diets containing the selenite and no supplement, respectively. It is interesting that in both tissues, selenocystine was unaffected by the dietary supplement. It appears that the mechanism for the conversion of Se from inorganic salts to selenomethionine and selenocystine is poor within chickens while deposition of dietary selenomethionine is effective. The selenomethionine and total Se in both tissues correlated extremely well, demonstrating that Se is as effectively deposited in leg tissue, as selenomethionine, as it is in breast tissue.
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KRMIVA 2008 UINAK SEL-PLEX-A I VITAMINA E U OBROKU KOKOI NESILICA NA AKUMULACIJU SELENA I VITAMINA E U JAJIMA EFFECT OF SEL-PLEX AND VITAMIN E DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION OF LAYING HENS ON SELENIUM AND VITAMIN E ACCUMULATION IN EGGS
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I.A. Egorov, 1N.Y. Chesnokova, 1E.V. Ivachnick, 2T.T. Papazyan and 3P.F. Surai
Sveruski Istraivaki Institut za Peradarstvo, Sergiev Posad, Rusija, 2Alltech Rusija, Moskva, Rusija, 3Avian Science Research Centre, kotska, UK
Cilj ovog istraivanja bio je procijeniti utjecaj povienih razina Se u obliku Sel-Plex-a i njegovih kombinacija s vitaminom E na razine Se i alfatokoferola u jajima. Sedam skupina kokoi nesilica (50 ptica u svakoj skupini) hranjeno je smjesama s razliitim razinama Se i vitamina E tijekom 6 mjeseci. Kontrolna skupina hranjena je obrokom u kojem je dodano 0,2 ppm Se u obliku natrijeva selenita i 10 ppm vitamina E. Pokusni obroci sadravali su Se u obliku Sel-Plex-a u koncentracijama od 0,2, 0,3 ili 0,4 ppm, a vitamin E je dodan u koliini od 10, 20, 40 ili 100 ppm. Najvea proizvodnja jaja zabiljeena je kod nesilica iz skupine koja je dobivala obrok s 0,3 ppm Sel-Plex-a u kombinaciji s 20 ppm vitamina E, a njihova nesivost je bila 2,5% vea nego u kontrolnoj skupini. Dalje poveanje razine vitamina E na 40 ili 100 ppm nije utjecalo na proizvodnju jaja. Dodavanjem 0,4 ppm SelPlex-a u obrok, sadraj Se u jajima je povean s 12 na 35 g/jajetu tijekom razdoblja od 4 tjedna. Nakon tih 4 tjedna dolazi do stabilizacije razine Se u utanjku i bjelanjku, te se ona nije znaajno mijenjala tijekom sljedeih 5 mjeseci pokusa. Uoen je i trend poveanja razine Se u jajima uslijed poveanja koncentracije vitamina E. Na temelju ove studije, moe se zakljuiti: Ukljuenjem 0,4 ppm Se u obliku Sel-Plex-a u obroku kokoi nesilica mogue je proizvesti jaja koja sadre Se na razini 50% od preporuenih dnevnih potreba. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of increased Se supplementation in the form of SelPlex and its combination with vitamin E on Se and alpha-tocopherol concentrations in eggs. Seven groups of laying hens (50 birds in each group) were fed diets containing different levels of Se and vitamin E for 6 months. The control group were fed a diet supplemented with 0.2 ppm Se in the form of sodium selenite and with 10 ppm vitamin E. Experimental diets were supplemented with Se in the form of Sel-Plex at 0.2, 0.3 or 0.4 ppm; vitamin E supplementations were 10, 20, 40 or 100 ppm. The highest egg production was observed in laying hens fed 0.3 ppm Sel-Plex in a combination with 20 ppm vitamin E being 2.5% higher than that in the control group. Further increases in vitamin E supplementation to 40 or 100 ppm did not affect egg production. With 0.4 ppm Sel-Plex supplementation of the diet, the Se content in the egg increased from 12 up to 35 mg/egg over a period of 4 wk. After this 4-wkperiod, the Se concentration in the egg yolk and egg white stabilized and did not change significantly for the next 5 months of the experiment. There was also a trend towards increased Se level in the egg due to increased vitamin E supplementation. The conclusion can be made, based on results of this study: By the inclusion of 0.4 ppm Se in the form of Sel-Plex into the diet of commercial laying hens it is possible to produce eggs containing about 50% RDA in Se. ______________________________
All-Russian Research Institute of Poultry Farming, Sergiev Posad, Russia, 2Alltech Russia, Moscow, Russia and 3Avian Science Research Centre, Scotland, UK
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UTJECAJ BILJNOG ADITIVA "ZEOFEED" NA PRODUKTIVNOST NESILICA THE EFFECT OF A HERBAL ADDITIVE "ZEOFEED" ON PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS IN LAYERS
Pavel Such, Nora Mas, Eva Strakov, Vlasta erman, Vladimr Veerek
SAETAK Cilj ovog istraivanja bio je praenje uinka biljnog aditiva dodanog u komercijalne krmne smjese za kokoi nesilice u koliini od 1 % na proizvodnju jaja. Biljni aditiv sastojao se od tri biljne komponente: srebrnastog petolista (Potentilla argentea L.), paprene metvice (Menta piperita L.) i kamilice (Matricaria chamomilla L.). Kao vezivo koriteno je glatko penino brano. Pokus je bio proveden u eksperimentalnom centru Zavoda za hranidbu, zootehniku i zoohigijenu Veterinarskog i farmaceutskog sveuilita u Brnu (eka republika). Istraivanje je realiziran kao zajedniki projekt u suradnji sa Zavodom za hranidbu Veterinarskog fakulteta u Zagrebu (HR). Hibridne kokoi BOVANS drane su pojedinano u tri etana kaveza a hranu i vodu dobivale su ad libitum. U pokusu su koritene ukupno 72. kokoi nesilice raspodijeljene na pokusnu skupinu (36 kokoi, u smjese dodan biljni aditiv) i kontrolnu skupinu (36 kokoi, u smjese nije dodan biljni aditiv). Tijekom istraivanja (280 dana) nesilice su hranjene kompletnim komercijalnim krmnim smjesama N1 i N2. Tijekom pokusa svakodnevno su sakupljana snesena jaja, koja su oznaena i izvagana s tonou od 0,01 g. Koliina i masa jaja praene su od 1. do 40. tjedna nesivosti. Tijekom tog razdoblja kokoi pokusne skupine snijele su 8 689 jaja, a kokoi kontrolne skupine 8 360 jaja. Prosjena masa jaja pokusne skupine kokoi iznosila je 60,29 g, a kontrolne 60,64 g. Razlike u prosjenoj masi jaja u obje skupine kokoi nesilica nisu bile statistiki znaajne (P 0,05). Meutim, uinak biljnog aditiva dodanog u smjese za pokusne kokoi nesilice na porast intenziteta proizvodnje jaja bio je pozitivan. Kod pokusnih kokoi iznosio je 91,45 % u odnosu na 87,40 % kod kokoi kontrolne skupine. Razlika u prosjenim vrijednostima intenziteta proizvodnje jaja bila je statistiki vrlo znaajna (P 0,01). Tijekom cijelog trajanja istraivanja svakodnevno je praeno zdravstveno stanje kokoi nesilica pokusne i kontrolne skupine. Tijekom cijelog istraivanog razdoblja nisu zamijeeni kliniki znakovi bolesti, a zanemarivo mali broj uginua (3 nesilice iz pokusne i 3 nesilice iz kontrolne skupine) ne moe se dovesti u vezu s dodatkom biljnog aditiva u krmne smjese pokusnih kokoi nesilica.
Ovaj rad dio je istraivalakog projekta po nazivom Veterinarski aspekti sigurnosti i kakvoe hrane (broj MSM6215712402) finansiranog od Ministarstva Education, Youth, and Physical Training eke republike.
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Prof. dr. sc. Pavel Such, Prof. dr. sc. Eva Strakov, Zavod za hranidbu, zootehniku i zoohigijenu, Fakultet za veterinarsku higijenu i ekologiju, Veterinarsko i farmaceutsko sveuilite Brno, eka republika., Prof. dr. sc. Vladimr Veerek; Zavod za veterinarsko javno zdravstvo, Fakultet za veterinarsku higijenu i ekologiju, Veterinarsko i farmaceutsko sveuilite Brno, eka republika. Prof. dr. sc. Nora Mas, Prof. dr. sc. Vlasta erman, Zavod za hranidbu, Veterinarski fakultet Sveuilita u Zagrebu, Hrvatska
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KRMIVA 2008
ABSTRACT The present study investigated the effect of the continuously administered feeding mixture supplemented with 1 % of a herbal additive on egg production in utility layers. The premix was prepared using three herbal components originating from the following species: silver cinquefoil (Potentilla argentea L.), mint (Menta piperita L.), and chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.). Plain flour served as a carrier. The experiment was performed in the experimental enclosure of the Institute of Nutrition, Zoo-technology, and Zoo-hygiene of the University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno (Czech Republic). The study was a joint project conducted in cooperation with the Veterinary Faculty in Zagreb (Croatia). BOVANS hybrid hens were reared individually in three-floor cages and received the feeding mixture and drinking water ad libitum. A total of 72 layers included in the experiment were divided into two groups: experimental group (36 hens) and control group (36 hens). The layers were fed commercially available feeding mixtures N1 and N2. In the course of the experiment, the eggs collected from individual layers every day were marked and weighed at the accuracy of 0.01 g. The monitoring performed from Day 1 to Day 40 of the laying period revealed that experimental and control layers laid 8,689 and 8,360 eggs, respectively. The average weight of eggs was 60.29 g in the experimental group and 60.64 g in the control group. No statistically significant differences between both groups were found in the mean weight of eggs. The herbal additive used had a beneficial effect on the laying rate in experimental layers which increased to 91.45 % as compared to control layers (87.40 %). The difference between the mean laying rates tested highly conclusive (P 0.01). Both experimental and control layers showed good health throughout the experiment, showing no clinical symptoms of any disease. A total of 6 layers died during the experimental period in both groups, i.e. 3 layers died in the experimental group, and 3 layers died in the control group.
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Prof. Ing. Eva Strakov, Ph. D., Prof. MVDr. Pavel Such, CSc., Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, Dep. of Nutrition, Zootechnic and Zoohygiene, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, the Czech Republic; Prof. MVDr. Vladimr Veerek, CSc., Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, Dep. of Veterinary Public Health and Toxicology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, the Czech Republic Prof.dr.sc. Nora Mas, DVM., Prof.dr.sc. Vlasta erman, DVM, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Dep. of Animal Nutrition, University of Zagreb, Croatia
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UTJECAJ DODATKA TREONINA NA PROIZVODNE REZULTATE TOVNIH PILIA THE EFFECT OF THREONINE SUPPLY ON BROILER PERFORMANCE
J. Tossenberger1, A. Lemme2, G. Gyurcs, L. Babinszky1
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Kaposvr University, Department of Animal Nutrition, H-7400 Kaposvr, POB 16, Hungary 2 Evonik Degussa GmbH, Feed Additives, Marketing Animal Nutrition Service Rodenbacher Chaussee 4, 63457 Hanau, Germany
The objective of our studies was to examine the effect of different dietary threonine levels on the weight gain, feed intake, feed to gain ratio (FCR) and breast meat yield of broiler chicken. The trial was set up with 128 ROSS-308 hybrid roosters per treatment from 14th to 35th day of age. The AMEn, crude protein, TFD (true faecal digestible) lysine, methionine+cystine, arginine, valine, and isoleucine contents of the trial diets were identical across all treatments [13.4 MJ/kg; 200 g/kg, 10.9, 8.1, 12.0, 8.8 and 7.7 g/kg, respectively], while their TFD threonine content was different. The diet in Treatment 1 contained no threonine (Thr) supplementation, whereas the base diet was supplemented with 0.6, 1.1, 1.7 and 2.3 g/kg L-Thr in Treatments II, III, IV and V, respectively. Consequently the TFD Thr content of the trial diets was 5.9, 6.4, 6.9, 7.5 and 8.1 g/kg respectively, which represented 54%, 59%, 64%, 69% and 74% of the TFD lysine content of the base diet. Body weights were recorded at day 14 and 35. Feed consumption and feed to gain ratio of the birds was determined for the experimental period. Breast meat yield was determined in 15 birds per treatment. Data were analyzed by ANOVA (SAS, 2004). In case of a significant treatment effect differences among treatments were verified by LSD test. P<0.05 was considered significant. In addition, the dose-response relationship between the dietary Thr levels and the weight gain of the birds was analyzed by regression analysis (SAS, 2004). Threonine supplementation of treatments II,, II, IV and V increased weight gain of the birds by 54, 89, 133, and 100 g compared to a weight gain of 1623 g in treatment I. The highest final body weight (2166 g) was thus achieved by birds fed the diet containing 7.5 g/kg TFD Thr (Treatment IV). The live weight of these birds surpassed the live weight of birds fed the diet without threonine supplementation by 6.6 %, and was even by about 3.8 % higher than that of birds in Treatment II (P0.05). The response to graded dietary Thr to weight gain of the birds can be described by an exponential equation (r2=0.91) which suggested 7.4 to 8.0 g/kg TFD Thr as optimum level (90 to 95 % of asymptotic response). Increasing dietary threonine increased slightly feed intake. The difference between the feed intake of the birds was only found to be significant between Treatments I and III and between Treatments I and V (P0.05). Consequently, treatments had only small but significant influence on FCR of the birds (P0.05). Breast meat yield increased with the lowest Thr supplementation (Trt II, P0.05). Higher L-Thr supplementation had no additional effect. Based particularly on weight gain results of our trial, optimum dietary TFD Thr content were between 7.4 to 8.0 g/kg for broilers from 14 to 35 days of age fed and housed under conditions described above. These TDF Thr levels correspond to TDF Thr to TDF Lys ratios of 69 %and 75 %.
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KRMIVA 2008 UTJECAJ INDUCIRANOG MITARENJA NA HORMONALNI STATUS IZLUENIH KOKOI NESILICA INFLUENCE OF ARTIFICIAL MOLTING ON HORMONAL STATUS OF AMORTIZING LAYING HENS
Natasha Gjorgovska1, Kiril Filev2, Rossitza Konakchieva3 PSi Institute of Animal Science, ul. Ile Ilievski br. 92a, Skopje, Macedonija, e-mail: ngjorgovska@yahoo.com 2 Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Food, bul. Aleksandar Makedonski bb, Skopje, Macedonija, e-mail: filevk@zf.ukim.edu.mk 3 Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction "Acad. K. Bratanov", Sofia, Bulgaria, e-mail: rkonaktchieva@excite.com SUMMARY Physiological mechanisms of reproduction, in the artificial molting period, are not enough investigate. From the obtain investigations is known that induction of molting with total restriction of feed, initiate drastically decrease of body weight, decreasing of gonad tropic and sex hormones concentration in plasma and increasing thyroid hormone concentration. Aim of this investigation was to establish changes of the level of folicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone and progesterone from hens of two genotypes: ISA Brown 88 weeks aged and Hisex Brown 91 weeks aged in specific points of molting period. From the obtain results we can see that hormonal status of hens during the experimental period significantly was changing because the FSH concentration of blood plasma in preparing period of molting is 60.48 ng/ml, 62.36 ng/ml and 76.26 ng/ml for third, first and second group, after the period of stress it was significantly decreasing and is 23.38 ng/ml, 25.16 ng/ml and 44.59 ng/ml, and in the second egg laying cycle the concentration was stabilized and inreach 91.36 ng/ml at group 3 (hybrid Hisex Brown hens), 45.12 ng/ml at second and 64.26 ng/ml at first group (hybrid ISA Brown hens). Concentration of lutenizing hormone is also changing because during the preparing period it was 16.88 ng/ml, 11.16 ng/ml and 23.85 ng/ml, in group 1,2 and 3, during the stress period it was 2.08 ng/ml, 13.96 ng/ml and 9.90 ng/ml in group 1, 2 and 3. In the following period it was increasing because in the time of maximum egg production is 27.50 ng/ml, 21.92 ng/ml, in first and second group (ISA Brown hens), but the highest concentration is measured in hens from group 3, 37.35 ng/ml (Hisex Brown). Progesterone in blood plasma during the preparing period at group 1 was 167.5 pg/ml, group 2 49.6 pg/ml (ISA Brown hens), but at group 3 was 94.8 pg/ml (Hisex Brown hens). At the end of stress period there is significantly decreasing because at group 1 was 0, at group 2 19.2 pg/ml, and at group 3 25.6 pg/ml. During the maximum egg laying, the concentration of progesterone was increasing ant it was at group 3 (Hisex Brown hens) 135.3 pg/ml, at group 1 and 2 was measured concentration of 22.64 and 41.4 pg/ml (ISA Brown hens), respectively. Key words: artificial molting, hormonal status, laying hens.
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UTJECAJ DODATKA KONJUGIRANE LINOLNE KISELINE NA SVOJSTVA KOSTIJU TOVNIH PILIA INFLUENCE OF CONJUGATED LINOLEIC ACID SUPPLEMENTATION ON BONE PROPERTIES IN BROILER CHICKENS
Jakiewicz T. 1, Puzio I. 2, Bieko M. 2, Sagan A.1
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Departament of Biological Bases of Food and Feed Technologies, Faculty of Production Engineering, Agriculture University in Lublin 2 Department of Animal Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Agriculture University in Lublin
The study was performed to determine the effect of dietary supplementation with conjugated linoleic acid on skeletal system properties during the first 42 days posthatching life in broiler chickens. Experiment was carried out on chickens randomly divided into two groups, control fed on the standard diet with sunflower oil (SO) and experimental fed on diet with addition of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) at dosage of 3% (starter diet) or 4,2% (grower diet). The chickens were kept under standard rearing condition and slaughtered at the age of 42 days. After the slaughter femur and humerus were isolated for further analysis. Using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) methods, bone mineral content and bone mineral density were measured. Furthermore, mechanical and geometrical parameters of bones were assessed. BMD and BMC of femur and humerus in males chickens from CLA group was higher when compared with males from SO group. The values of mechanical and geometrical parameters were higher, as well. In contrast, in females higher values of analyzed parameters were observed in control group. In conclusion, obtained results indicate that CLA administration may improve bone weight, BMD, BMC and bone morphological and mechanical properties of bones, and this effect depends from sex.
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KRMIVA 2008 KOMPARATIVNI PRIKAZ TROKOVA PROIZVODNJE PILEEG MESA KONVENCIONALNOG I MODIFICIRANOG SASTAVA COMPARATIVE OVERVIEW OF COSTS IN PRODUCTION OF CONVENTIONAL AND MODIFIED CHICKEN MEAT
I. Kralik, Z. Tolui, Zlata Gajevi, Z. krti, Gordana Kralik
SAETAK Nutritivna kvaliteta pileeg mesa moe se poboljati modificiranjem profila masnih kiselina, posebice n-3 i n-6 PUFA kao i mijenjanjem njihovog omjera u mesu. U pokusu je bilo 120 pilia Ross 308, a pokus je trajao 42 dana. Istraivanje je provedeno s ciljem da se prikau trokovi proizvodnje pileeg mesa koje je obogaeno s n-3 PUFA (-LNA, EPA i DHA) u komparaciji sa mesom konvencionalnog sustava. U tu namjenu oformljene su etiri skupine pilia: A= kontrola, hrana konvencionalnog sastav, B, C i D skupine pilia hranjene su smjesama koje su sadravale u veoj koliini navedene masne kiseline. Analiza trokova pokazala je da kg ive mase modificiranog pileeg mesa B skupine (s aspekta trokova smjese) bio skuplji za 2,7%, C skupine za 6,18% a D skupine za 5,22% od mesa skupine A. Analiza ukupnih trokova proizvodnje brojlera pokazala je da kg ive mase modificiranog pileeg mesa B skupine bio jeftiniji za 1,76%, C skupine za 1,12% a D skupine za 0,64% od mesa skupine A. Analiza istraivanja trokova proizvodnje pokazuje opravdanost modificiranja pileeg mesa za hrvatsko trite. Kljune rijei: trokovi proizvodnje. pilee meso, cijena pileeg mesa
SUMMARY Nutritive quality of chicken meat can be improved by modifying fatty acid profile and by altering the n-3 and n-6 PUFA ratio. The 42-day long experiment was carried out on 120 chickens of Ross 308 provenience. This study was aimed at assessing costs of production of chicken meat enriched with n-3 PUFA (-LNA, EPA and DHA) and to compare it with production costs of conventional chicken meat. The analysis was performed on 4 groups: A= control group, fed commercial diets, groups B, C and D fed diets supplemented with above mentioned fatty acids. Analysis of costs of diets showed that 1 kg of live weight of chickens in groups B, C, and D cost more than in the A group (B=2.7%, C=6.18%, and D=5.22%). In comparison to the A group, analysis of total production costs showed that 1 kg of modified chicken meat of groups B, C and D was cheaper for 1.76%, 1.12%, 0.64%, respectively. Comparative analysis of production costs showed that modification of chicken meat is acceptable in Croatian market surroundings. Key words: production costs, chicken meat, price of chicken meat
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Igor Kralik, dipl. oecc., prof.dr.sc. Zdravko Tolui, mr.sc.Zlata Gajevi, doc.dr.sc. Zoran krti i prof.dr.sc.dr.h.c. Gordana Kralik Poljoprivredni fakultet, Sveuilite Josipa Jurja Strossmayera u Osijeku, Trg sv. Trojstva 31000 Osijek, Hrvatska, ikralik@pfos.hr
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KARAKTERISTIKE BIOKEMIJSKOG STATUSA BOSANSKOHERCEGOVAKE PRAMENKE CARACTERISTICS OF BLOOD BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS IN BOSNIA-HERCEGOVINA'S PRAMENKA BREED SHEEP
Hrkovi Amina, Hodi Aida, Hamamdi M., Vegara M., Sari Z., Zahirovi A., Juhas Pai Eva, Krni J.
SAETAK Pramenka je ovca kombinovanih svojstava, skromna u ishrani, vrlo otporna i dobro prilagoena naim uvjetima, ali slabih produktivnih osobina jer se uzgaja u brdsko-planinskim uvjetima koji su nepovoljni za intenzivniju proizvodnju stone hrane, zbog ega je ishrana veoma esto kvantitativno i kvalitativno nedostatna. Na pravilnost ishrane ukazuje nivo njihove proizvodnje, ali i njihov metaboliki status koji se prosuuje odreivanjem biohemijskih parametara krvi. Biohemijski parametri krvi mogu ukazati na energetsku, proteinsku i mineralnu opskrbu organizma, a istovremeno i na zdravstveni status ivotinje. Stoga smo proveli ispitivanje irokog spektra biohemijskih parametara u krvi ovaca sa dva lokaliteta, opine Livno i Travnik, u ljetnom periodu kada su ivotinje bile na ispai sa karakteristinim botanikim sastavom za navedena podruja, a sve s ciljem komparacije sa standardnim vrijednostima parametara za ovce, ali i meusobne komparacije podataka sa dva razliita podruja. Krv je uzorkovana iz v.jugularis i u serumu su odreivani slijedei biohemijski parametri: glukoza, Mg, P, Ca, ukupni protein, LDH, GGT, AST, ALT, ALKP, holesterol, trigliceridi, urea i albumini. Znaaj istraivanja je u injenici da se prouavanjem metabolikog statusa unapreuju saznanja o interakciji lokalnog uzgoja i metabolizma ovce u funkciji odrivosti autohtonih pasmina. Kljune rijei: pramenka, ishrana, metaboliki status
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KRMIVA 2008 UTJECAJ DODATKA SELENA NA PROIZVODNA SVOJSTVA JANJADI I KONCENTRACIJU HORMONA TITNJAE THE INFLUENCE OF SELENIUM ON LAMBS PRODUCTIVE TRAITS AND CONCENTRATION OF THYROID HORMONES
Z. Antunovi, B. Kopi, Marcela peranda, Z. Steiner, Novoselec, J. SAETAK Selen je esencijalni mikroelement u ivotinja, a njegov unos hranom esto nije dostatan. Zbog toga se u obroke ivotinja dodaju pripravci selena, najee anorganskog podrijetla (natrijselenit). U istraivanje je ukljueno 30 janjadi u tovu, podijeljenih ravnomjerno prema spolu u dvije skupine. Tov je trajao 50 dana. Janjad je bila u dobi od 60 dana, hranjena livadnim sijenom i krmnim smjesama istog sastava, uz dodatak selena u pokusnoj skupini (0.03% natrijselenit). Hranidba je bila ad libitum. Koncentracija selena u krvi utvrena je grafitnom tehnikom, a koncentracija hormona titnjae (T3 i T4) metodom radioimunizacije. Nisu utvrene statistiki znaajne razlike u pogledu tjelesnih masa i dnevni prirasta janjadi izmeu kontrolne i pokusne skupine janjadi (36,17:36,03 kg, odnosno 343,6:347,2g), kao niti izmeu vrijednosti indeksa anamorfizma (150,76:153,65), tjelesne proporcije (66,29:68,36) te tjelesne kondicije (3,57:3,63). Utvrena je statistiki znaajno (P<0,01) via koncentracija selena u krvnom serumu i aktivnost GSH-Px u punoj krvi pokusne skupine (79,10 g/L i 27689 U/L) u odnosu na janjad kontrolne skupine (21,19 g/L i 12613 U/L). Neto via koncentracija T3 i odnosa T3/T4 te nia koncentracija T4 u krvnom serumu janjadi, ali bez znaajnih razlika, utvrena je u pokusne u odnosu na kontrolnu skupinu janjadi. Koncentracija selena, aktivnost enzima glutation peroksidaze i koncentracija hormona titnjae (T3 i T4) u krvi mogu se uzeti kao pouzdani kriterij u procjeni opskrbljenosti ivotinja selenom. Kljune rijei: janjad, selen, proizvodna svojstva, krv, hormoni titnjae Selenium is an essential element for animals and his dietary intake is not sufficient. Therefore some amount of selenium from different sources are supplied in animals' diet (sodium selenite is common in use). The investigation has been conducted on 30 lambs, aged 60 to 110 days, divided into two groups. Lambs were fed with a meadow hay (ad libitum) and a feed mixture. Preparation of the sodium selenite has been added to the feed mixture in the experimental group of lambs in concentration of 0.03%. Selenium concentration in the lambs' blood has been determined by graphite method and concentration of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) by radioimmunoassay. Body mass and daily gain in control and experimental group of lambs were not statistically different (36.17:36.03 kg and 343,6:347,2 g). There were not differences between control and experimental groups of lambs by anamorphosis index (150.76:153,65), body proportion index (66.29:68,.36) and body condition score (3.57:3.63). Significantly higher (P<0.01) selenium concentration and activity of glutathion peroxidase were determined in the experimental group (79.10 g/L and 27689 U/L) in relation to the control one (21.19 g/L and 12613 U/L). Also, higher concentration of T3 and T3/T4 ratio, as well as lower concentration of T4 were determined in the experimental group in relation to the control group (P>0.05). Selenium concentration, GSH-Px activity as well as T3 and T4 level in the blood could be used as a reliable criteria for animals' selenium supply evaluation. Key words: lambs, selenium, productive traits, blood, thyroid hormons ______________________________
Dr. sc. Zvonko Antunovi, red. prof.; Branko Kopi, dipl. in.; Dr. sc. Marcela peranda, docent, dr. sc. Zdenko Steiner, red. prof.; Josip Novoselec, dipl. in. Zavod za stoarstvo, Poljoprivredni fakultet u Osijeku, Trg sv. Trojstva 3, 31000 Osijek.
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UTJECAJ PELETIRANE HRANE NA POKAZATELJE KAKVOE MESA NOVOZELANDSKOG BIJELOG KUNIA INFLUENCE OF PELLETED FOOD ON QUALITY INDICATORS FOR NEW ZEALAND WHITE RABBIT MEAT
Mevla kandro, A. Tarig, F. aklovica, Bedrija Ali, Fahira Alibegovi-Zei
SAETAK Kao materijal za eksperiment posluile su jedinke novozelandskih bijelih kunia, koji su hranjeni ad libitum industrijskom peletiranom hranom, uz dodatak zelene mase i sijena. Eksperimentom je obuhvaeno 24 kunia i to 12 mukih i 12 enskih. Tov kunia je trajao 75 dana nakon ega su rtvovani. U radu se iznose rezultati istraivanja tovnih i klaonikih svojstava, kao i sastav i svojstva mesa novozelandskog bijelog kunia. Dostignuta prosjena iva masa mukih kunia bila je 2332,50 g, a randman 47,62 %, dok je kod enskih kunia prosjena iva masa bila 2342,50 g, a randman 47,25 %. Prosjeni udio zadnjeg dijela trupa kod mukih/enskih kunia bilo je 33,46 % / 31,98 %; lenog dijela 34,58 % / 34,60 %, a prednjeg dijela trupa 20,77 % / 21,18 %. Sadraj vode u mesu mukih/enskih kunia bio je u prosjeku 75,21 % / 74,49%; sadraj bjelanevina 22,16% / 22,13 %; sadraj masti 0,66 % / 1,40 %, a sadraj mineralnih tvari 1,29% / 1,18 %. Kljune rijei: Novozelandski bijeli kuni, meso kunia SUMMARY New Zealand white rabbits were used as a material for the experiment, which were fed ad libitum by commercial feed in briquettes, with addition of green feed and pasture. In the experiment 24 rabbits were included whereof 12 males and 12 females. Rabbits were fattened for 75 days after which they were euthanized. The results of our study shows fattening and slaughter properties as well as ingredients and quality of the New Zealand white rabbit meat. The achieved average mass of the male rabbits was 2332,50 gr. and meat-to-bone ratio was 47,62 % while in the female rabbits was 2342,50 gr. with meat-to-bone of 47,25 %. Average participation of the lower part of the body at male/female rabbits was 33,46 % / 31,98%; back part 34,58 % / 34,60%; front part 20,77 % / 21,18 %. Average water content in the meat of male/female rabbits was 75,21 % / 74,49%; content of protein 22,16% / 22,13 %; content of fat 0,66 % / 1,40 %, and content of the minerals 1,29% / 1,18 %. Key words: New Zealand white rabbit, meat rabbit ______________________________
1. Dr. sc. Mevla kandro, docent, Katedra za fakultativne predmete, Veterinarski fakultet Univerziteta u Sarajevu, Zmaja od Bosne 90, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosna i Hercegovina - Kontakt: E-mail: mskandro@gmail.com 2. Mr. sc.Tariq Ali, auditor, Agencija za certificiranje kvaliteta halal hrane Islamska zajednica Sarajevo, Semira Frate 2/VIII, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosna i Hercegovina 3. Dr. sc. Faruk aklovica, redovni profesor - Rektor Sarajevskog univerziteta Zavod za higijenu i tehnologiju namirnica, Veterinarski fakultet Univerziteta u Sarajevu, Zmaja od Bosne 90, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosna i Hercegovina 4. Mr. sc. Bedrija Ali, vii struni saradnik, Zavod za higijenu i tehnologiju namirnica, Veterinarski fakultet Univerziteta u Sarajevu, Zmaja od Bosne 90, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosna i Hercegovina 5.Dr. sc. Fahira Alibegovi-Zei, vanredni profesor, Katedra za hranu i ishranu domaih ivotinja, Veterinarski fakultet Univerziteta u Sarajevu, Zmaja od Bosne 90, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosna i Hercegovina
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KRMIVA 2008 UTJECAJ DODATAKA VLAKNINE NA PROMJENE UVJETA U PROBAVNOM SUSTAVU LABORATORIJSKIH TAKORA THE ADDITION OF FIBRE IN A DIET CHANGE THE CONDITIONS IN THE DIGESTIVE TRACT OF LABORATORY RATS
Tatjana Pirman, Ph.D., prof. Andrej Orenik, Ph.D. Zootehnical department, Biotechnical faculty, University of Ljubljana, Groblje 3, 1230 Domale, Slovenia
ABSTRACT In an attempt to clarify the differences in the conditions in the digestive tract, the addition of different fibres in a diet was studied in the laboratory rats. Thirty-two growing male Wistar rats (101.81 7.61) were fed adlibitum with balanced diets containing casein as a source of protein. In the experimental diets a fraction of starch was replaced with a source of fibre: apple pectin, guar gum or wheat bran. All the time of the experiment the amounts of consumed diet and the masses of animals were registered each day. Half of the animals were sacrificed and sampled after 11 days and the second half after 13 days of experiment. The weights of digestive tissue, digestive organ contents weights and pH value in the digestive content were determined at the end of the experiment. The viscosity in stomach and small intestine content and short chain fatty acids (SCFA) in the colon and caecum content were determined. The weights of the different parts of digestive tract were higher in the experimental groups. The most pronounced differences were in caecum and in pectin and guar gum groups. The content of colon was the heaviest in the wheat bran group, but on the other hand the lightest in pectin group. The pH value in the caecum content of the guar gum group was significantly (P < 0.05) decreased as compared to the other groups. The reason for this was in increased amount of all SCFA in the content of caecum of guar gum group. The ratio among the individual SCFA was different as compared to the control group. The amounts of acetic and propionic acids were increased and butyric acid decreased. In the pectin group the acetic acid was increased and in the wheat bran group the butyric acid was increased as compared to the control group. In the colon, there was increase amount of acetic acid in pectin group, propionic acid in guar gum and propionic and butyric acids in wheat bran group. Viscosity of small intestinal content increased in guar gum and pectin group, but in stomach only in guar gum group. Even that guar gum and pectin belong to the group of soluble dietary fibre, their effect in the digestive tract was different, as well as the effect of wheat bran, which contain more insoluble dietary fibre. Key words: nutrition / laboratory rats / fibre / pectin / guar gum / wheat bran / digestive tract / viscosity / SCFA
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DJELOTVORNOST PROBIOTSKOG PRIPRAVKA PROBIOS 2B U HRANIDBI JARADI EFFICIENCY OF PROBIOTIC PREPARATION PROBIOS 2B IN GOAT KIDS FEEDING
Z. Antunovi, Marcela peranda, . Seni, M. Domainovi, J. Novoselec
SAETAK Istraivanje je provedeno s 30 jaradi, pasmine francuska alpina, po odbiu, u dobi od 70. do110. dana, podijeljenih u dvije skupine. Osnovica obroka jaradi bilo je sijeno lucerne i smjesa koncentriranih krmiva (kukuruz -50%, penica- 25%, sojina sama 15%, penine posije 8%) uz dodatak stone krede od 2%. Hranidba jaradi bila je po volji. Jarad kontrolne i pokusne skupine hranjena je istim obrokom, uz dodatak 0,1% probiotika Bioplus 2B (Bacillus licheniformis i Bacillus subtilis). Analizirajui tjelesne mase jaradi vidljivo je da je na kraju pokusa jarad pokusne skupine imala znaajno (P<0,05) vie tjelesne mase u odnosu na jarad kontrolne skupine (22,20 kg:21,54 kg). Dnevni prirasti jaradi obje skupine nisu se znaajno razlikovali, iako je vidljivo da su jarad pokusne skupine imala vee dnevne priraste u komparaciji s jaradi kontrolne skupine (151,38 g:140,27 g). Eksterijerne mjere jaradi pokusne skupine (tjelesne mjere i indeksi anamorfizma, tjelesnih proporcija i tjelesne kondicije) nisu se znaajno razlikovale od jaradi kontrolne skupine. U krvnom serumu jaradi pokusne skupine utvrene su znaajno (P<0,05) nie koncentracije ureje i triglicerida u odnosu na kontrolnu skupinu. Ove promjene, uz utvrene neto nie koncentracije glukoze i kolesterola, ukazuju na umjeren porast metabolike aktivnosti u jaradi pokusne skupine, a na to upuuju i proizvodni pokazatelji jaradi. Kljune rijei: jarad, probiotik, proizvodna i eksterijerna svojstva, krv
The investigation included 30 weaned French Alpina goat kids, aged from 70th to 110th days, divided into two groups. Feeding of goat kids was ad libitum. Basic feed ingredients were alfalfa hay and feed mixture (corn 50%, wheat 25%, soybean cake 15%, wheat bran 8%, limestone 2%). The experimental group of animals was fed with feed mixture with addition of 0.1% Bioplus 2B (Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis). Goat kids from the experimental group had statistically (P<0.05) higher body weight (22.20: 21.54 kg), as well as better average daily gain (151.38: 140.27 g) in relation to the control group of animals. Body measurements, anamorphosis index, body proportion index and body condition scores did not differ between groups. Lower urea and triglycerides concentration were determined in the experimental group (P<0.05). These changes, with lower glucose and cholesterol concentration, presented modest increasing of metabolic activity in the goat kids of the experimental group, which is in relation with theirs productivity. Key words: goat kids, probiotic, productive and exterior traits, blood
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Dr. sc. Zvonko Antunovi, red. prof.; Dr. sc. Marcela peranda, docent, Dr. sc. uro Seni, red. prof.; Dr. sc. Matija Domainovi, red. prof., Josip Novoselec, dipl. in. Zavod za stoarstvo, Poljoprivredni fakultet u Osijeku, Trg sv. Trojstva 3, 31000 Osijek.
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KRMIVA 2008 UTJECAJ HRANIDBE NA INDUCIRANO DIJABETINE EKSPERIMENTALNE IVOTINJE THE INFLUENCE OF NUTRITION ONTO INDUCED DIABETIC EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS
Gjorgjievski, S., R.Prodanov i Radmila reva-Nikolovska ABSTRACT Nutrition is one of the most respective factors which have great influence onto maintenance, normal activity, productive results and its health condition. In order to have a new information about the nutrition and its influence on some biochemical parameters we performed this scientific research. Several parameters were researched (blood count on biochemical parameters and body mass) at groups of rats which where treated with diabetic feed. The objective of this study is to induce experimental diabetes mellitus by Streptozotocin at normal adult Wistar rats through comparison of changes in body weight, levels of glucose, between normal and diabetic rats. Intra-venous injection of 60 mg/kg dose of Streptozotocin in adult Wistar rats, makes pancreas swell and at last caused degeneration in Langerhans islet beta cells and induces experimental diabetes mellitus in the 2-4 days. Streptozotocin induced one type of diabetes which is similar to diabetes mellitus with nonketosis hyperglycemia in some animal species. Three days after degeneration of beta cells, diabetes was induced in all animals. The diabetic and normal animals were kept in the cages separately and their body weight, the levels of serum glucose in all animals were measured and then these quantities were compared. Consumption of water, feed and and level of serum glucose were higher at group of diabetic animals, in comparison with normal rats but the body weight was decreased. Biochemical analysis was used to study the effect of dietetic feed onto biochemical parameters of normal and diabetic rats. The plasma levels of ALT, AST and LDH were significantly increased after the one treatment of diabetes instigator. Administration of dietetic feed significantly (p<0.05) decreased the plasma level of ALT, AST. In addition, there was a slight but not significant reduction in the plasma level of LDH. Key words: nutrition, rats, diabetes, biochemical parameters.
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POSJEENOST SUNCOKRETA (Helianthus Annuus L.) MEDONOSNOM PELOM (Apis Mellifera Carnica) U AGRO-EKO SUSTAVU BARANJE ATTENDANCE OF SUNFLOWER (Helianthus Annuus L.) BY HONEY BEE (Apis Mellifera Carnica) IN AGRO-ECO SYSTEM OF BARANJA COUNTY
Luai, R., Pukadija, Z., Florijani, T., Opaak, A., Bogut I., Bokovi, I., Jelki, D. Poljoprivredni fakultet Sveuilita J.J. Strossmayera u Osijeku, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, 31000 Osijek, rasl@pfos.hr SAETAK Istraivanje prikazuje posjeenost suncokreta medonosnom pelom koje je obavljeno na poljskom pokusu u sluajnom blok rasporedu koji je obuhvatio 6 hibrida merkantilnog suncokreta, najvie zastupljenih na poljima kontinentalne Hrvatske. Mjerenje se provodilo na 100, 200 i 300 metara od konica. Tijekom mjerenja uoena je razliita atraktivnost pojedinog hibrida u pokusu za medonosnu pelu. Statistika analiza pokazala je signifikantnu razliku izmeu hibrida H2 koji je imao najmanju posjeenost, i hibrida H4 koji je imao najveu posjeenost. Nadalje, analiza podataka je pokazala da je najmanja posjeenost pelom bila na udaljenosti 200 m od konica. Na udaljenostima 100 i 300 metara nije bilo vee razlike. Ujedno, vrlo je mali broj uoenih prirodnih opraivaa to je indikator znatnog smanjenja njihove populacije u agro-eko sustavu Baranje. Tijekom cvatnje suncokreta medonosna pela (Apis mellifera carnica L.) zabiljeena je kao najzastupljeniji opraiva. Evidentirana je u 99,53 % mjerenja obavljenih tijekom pokusa, bumbari (Bombus spp.) su evidentirani u 0,32 % mjerenja, dok je muha Volucella zonaria (Poda) evidentirana u 0,15 % mjerenja. Kljune rijei: suncokret, Helianthus annuus, medonosna pela, Apis mellifera carnica, opraivanje ABSTRACT The current research investigates attendance of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) by honey bee (Apis mellifera carnica). The research was conducted on field experiment in random block arrangement which included 6 most represented hybrids of mercantile sunflowers at fields of continental part of Croatia. Measurement was conducted at 100, 200 and 300 meters distance from bee hives. During the investigation different attractiveness of each hybrid for honey bee was noticed. Statistical analyses showed statistically significant difference between the hybrid H2, which was the least attended, and the hybrid H4, which was the most attended. Data analysis also showed that the honey bees attended the least sunflowers which were 200m distant from hives. At 100 and 300 m distance no statistically significant differences were found. Honey bee was estimated as the most present pollinator of sunflower during the blooming period: it was recorded in 99.53% of measurements; bumble bee (Bombus spp.) was recorded in 0.32% of measurements, while the fly Volucella zonaria (Poda) was recorded in 0.15% of measurements. Very small number of natural pollinators observed is an indicator of significant decrease of their population in agro-eco system of Baranja County. Key words: sunflower, Helianthus annuus, honey bee, Apis mellifera carnica, polination ______________________________
Faculty of Agriculture, University of J.J. Strossmayer in Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, 31000 Osijek, Croatia, rasl@pfos.hr
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KRMIVA 2008 UTJECAJ EKOLOKIH IMBENIKA NA RAD PASA PO KRVNOM TRAGU THE IMPACT OF ECOLOGICAL FACTORS ON WORK OF BLOOD HOUNDS
Bokovi, I.1, Florijani, T.1, Opaak, A.1, Tucak, Z.1, Pukadija, Z.1, Andrea Gross-Bokovi2 Poljoprivredni fakultet Sveuilita J.J. Strossmayera u Osijeku, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, 31000 Osijek, bivica@pfos.hr 2 Hrvatska agencija za hranu, Ivana Gundulia 36b, 31000 Osijek
1
SAETAK Vrijednost dobro obuenog psa krvosljednika oituje se u broju pronaene ranjene ili odstrijeljene divljai koja bez takvoga psa ne bi bila pronaena. Cilj istraivanja bio je utvrditi koliko pojedini ekoloki imbenici (temperatura i tlak zraka, brzina vjetra) utjeu na rad pasa po krvnom tragu. Istraivanja su obavljana tijekom godine dana kroz etiri godinja doba s dvije skupine pasa mujaka (N=5) u deset odvojenih tretmana. Jedna skupina pasa bila je pasmine njemaki lovni terijer, a druga alpski brak jazavar. Za istraivanje krvnog traga koritena je nerazrijeena jelenska krv, a kao sredstvo protiv zgruavanja koritena je kuhinjska sol (50 g/l). Krvni trag je postavljan metodom kapanja krvi iz boce, a na 500 metara traga potroeno je 3 dl krvi. Psi su ispitivani 12 odnosno 24 sata nakon postavljanja traga. Utvreno je da u ukupnom vremenu izrade traga i pronalaska divljai ne postoji signifikantna razlika izmeu ispitivanih pasmina. Prilikom rada pri niskim temperaturama zraka i tla bolji rezultat potrage i ukupno krae vrijeme izrade traga imali su brak jazavari, a pri visokim temperaturama zraka bolje su rezultate imali lovni terijeri. Pri optimalnim temperaturama zraka i tla nije bilo statistiki znaajnih razlika u rezultatima potrage, a pri tom su lovni terijeri radili neznatno bre s veim brojem greaka. Zapaeno je da je temperatura zraka imala jae djelovanje na rezultate potrage od relativne vlage zraka i starosti traga. Prilikom ispitivanja na ukupan rezultat potrage djelovalo je strujanje zraka, odnosno vjetar razliite brzine, a pri jaem vjetru lovni terijeri su napravili vei broj greaka (6) od brak jazavara koji su na istom tragu napravili manji broj greaka (2). Prilikom rada po tragu s visokim tlakom zraka psi su radili "niskim" nosom, kod normalnog tlaka su radili srednje visoko noene glave, a prilikom rada kod niskog tlaka zraka glava je noena relativno visoko. Dobrim timskim radom vodia i psa, te pravilnim odabirom vremena i trenutka poetka potrage mogue je gotovo uvijek pronai ranjenu divlja po krvnom tragu, a time se poveala i financijska dobit lovoovlatenika.
Kljune rijei: njemaki terijer, alpski brak jazavar, ekoloki imbenici, krvni trag
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ABSTRACT The value of well trained hound dog for blood trail is measured through number of found wounded or shot game which couldn't be found without this kind of dog. The purpose of this research was to determine how certain ecological factors (temperatures, air pressure and wind speed) can influence on work of blood hounds. Researches of impact of ecological factors on blood trail work of hound dogs have been conducted during one year period and throughout all seasons with two groups of male dogs (N=5) in ten separated treatments. One bread was Deutsche bracke and the other German hunt terrier. For research purposes was used undiluted deer blood from which were removed fibrin filaments and coagulation was protected by adding kitchen salt (sodium chloride, NaCl). On one litre of blood was added 50 grams of NaCl. Blood trail was set up by using the method of dropping from bottle, and for each 500 m of trail was used 3 dl of blood. Blood trails were drafted after 12 and 24 hours. It was determined that in total time of trail drafting and game tracking there was no significant differences between tested dogs breed. Better search results and shorter time of trail drafting on low air and ground temperatures were achieved by Deutsche bracke. On higher air temperatures better results had German hunting terriers. When the air and ground had optimal and acceptable temperatures, there were no significant differences between search results, yet the hunting terriers were faster, but with more errors. During the trail drafting, more significant influence on search result had air and ground temperature than trail age. On the overall result of blood trail search the biggest impact had air flow, with respect to different wind speed. When the wind speed was higher, German hunting terriers made higher number of mistakes (6) comparing to Deutsche bracke (2). During the blood trail work when the air pressure was high, all dogs used low nose. When the air pressure was normal they work with medium high carried head and when the air pressure was low head was carried relatively high. With good team work of handler and dog, and by picking the right time of search start, it is almost always possible to find wounded game on blood trail which influence on increasing the financial bonus of hunting managers.
Key words: German hunting terrier, Deutsche bracke, ecological factors, blood hounds
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1 2
Faculty of Agriculture, University of J.J. Strossmayer in Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, 31000 Osijek, Croatia, bivica@pfos.hr Croatian Food Agency, Ivana Gundulia 36b, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
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KRMIVA 2008 BABY C4, GLICERIDI MASLANE KISELINE BABY C4, BUTYRIC ACID GLYCERIDES
Johan van der Elsen
The third generation butyrate, a new technology for gut health improvement. A great number of benefits of butyric acid are known. Through esterification it is possible to get this smelly SCFA odorless and in an efficicient way into to the gut. Its effects and mode of action........
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UINAK PRIMJENE MANANOLIGOSAHARIDA U TOVU DUIASTE PASTVE (Oncorhynchus mykiss) EFFECTS OF MANNAN-OLIGOSACCHARIDES IN FEEDING OF RAINBOW TROUT (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
J. Pavlievi, N. Fijan, T. peranda, S. Ivankovi, I. Bogut SAETAK Hranidbeni pokus o uinku mananoligosaharida na tov duiaste pastrve (Oncorhynchus mykiss) postavljen je i proveden u Ramskom jezeru od 23.4. do 21.7 2005.godine. Hidroakumulacija je izgraena na rijeci Rami 1968. godine. Povrina akumulacije je 1550 ha, a zapremina 466 hm3. Istraivanja su provedena u 4 tretmana, a svaki tretman u dva ponavljanja. U svaki od 8 kaveza zapremine 1 m3 nasaeno je po 105 jedinki jednogodinjeg mlaa duiaste pastrve. Pojedinana masa ribe u svim skupinama bila je ujednaena i iznisla je 48 g. U kontrolnoj skupini (K) pastrve su hranjene peletiranim krmnom smjesom bez dodatka mananoligosaharida. U prvoj pokusnoj skupini (P1) riba je hranjene istom hranom, kao i u kontroli, ali uz dodatak 0,05% manaoligosaharida. U drugoj pokusnoj skupini (P2)) riba je u hrani dobivala 0,10 %, a u treoj pokusnoj skupini (P3) 0,15 % mananoligosaharida. U poetku istraivanog razdoblja riba je hranjena 4 puta, a kasnije 3 puta dnevno. Dnevna koliina hrane davana je prema hranidbenim tablicama, a na osnovu temperature vode, koncentracije otopljenog kisika i ostalih pokazatelja vode. Na kraju istraivanog razdoblja koje je trajalo 86 dana najnia prosjena masa duiaste pastrve izmjerena je u kontrolnoj skupini, a iznosila je 109,52 g/kom. Za isto uzgojno razdoblje najvea prosjena pojedinana masa duiaste patrve utvrena je u P1 a iznosila je 122,15 g/kom to je za 12,62 g/kom ili 11,52 % vie u usporedbi s kontrolnom skupinom. Neto nie prosjene mase utvrene su u P2 i P3 skupinama, ali su bile statistiki znaajne u usporedbi s kontrolnom skupinom. SUMMARY The research into effects of mannan-oligosaccharides used in feeding of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) was carried out in the Lake of Rama from April 23 to July 21, 2005. Hydroacummulation was built on the Rama River in 1968. Accumulation spreads on the area of 1550 ha, its volume is 466 hm3. The experiment was set up in 4 treatments, each in two repetitions. The experiment consisted of 8 cages, each had a volume of 1 m3 and housed 105 one-year old rainbow trout fry. Individual fish weight in all groups was balanced at 48 g. Trout in the control group (C) were given pelleted feed without supplemented mannanoligosaccharides. Experimental group 1 (E1) had diets of the same composition as control but supplemented with 0.05% of mannan-oligosaccharides. Diets fed to the experimental group 2 (E2) contained 0.10% of mannan-oligosaccharides, and the experimental group 3 (E3) were fed on diets supplemented with 0.15 % of mannan-oligosaccharides. At the beginning of experiment fish were fed 4 times a day, later on 3 times a day. Daily feed amount was determined according to dietary tables, respecting also water temperature, concentration of dissolved oxygen and other water quality parameters. Upon completion of the 86-day long experiment, rainbow trout in the control had the lowest average weight, being 109.52 g/pcs. The group E1 exhibited the highest average weight of 122.15 g/pcs., which was 12.62 g/pcs. or 11.52% more if compared to the control. Somewhat lower average weights were measured in groups E2 and E3, however, in comparison to the control they were statistically significant. ______________________________
Doc,dr. Jerko Pavlievi, Agronomski fakultet Sveuilita u Mostaru; Dr. sc. Nikola Fijan, proffesor emeritus, Veterinarski fakultet Sveuilita u Zagrebu; Tomislav peranda, dr.vet.med. Medical-Intertrade, Sveta Nedjelja; Prof,dr.sc. Stanko Ivankovi, Agronomski fakultet Sveuilita u Mostaru; Prof.dr.sc. Ivan Bogut, Poljoprivredni fakultet Sveuilita J.J. Strossmayera u Osijeku
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KRMIVA 2008 REZIME BUDUIH IZAZOVA EU REGULATIVE NA PODRUJU HRANE ZA IVOTINJE PERSPEKTIVA OVE INDUSTRIJSKE GRANE OVERVIEW ON FUTURE CHALLENGES FOR EU FEED LEGISLATION
Doering A. (FEFAC, Bruxelles Belgija)
In his introduction, the author will provide a brief overview on the basic EU legal framework governing feed and food safety, including GMO, TSE and animal-byproduct (ABP) legislation affecting feed production (feed ban) which has been reviewed after feed safety-related incidents in the late 90ies and the beginning of the 20th Century. He will point to the key principles guiding the EU legislator in the review process, including the primary responsibility for feed safety for the feed business operators, the independent risk-assessment by the European food safety authority and risk-based control systems (official and auto-control). The author will then provide a brief introduction to the feed industry response to the new legal requirements, in particular with the development of the European feed manufacturers guide, the EFMC, covering all stages from feed ingredient sourcing to manufacturing and distribution of compound feed and premixes. He will conclude his overview with an outlook to the main new EU legal developments, focusing on the key elements of the new Commission proposal on the marketing and use of feed and the review on the ABP legislation and the feed ban.
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15 TH Veterinary International Conference KRMIVA 2008 Programme and Summaries

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Pokrovitelji Savjetovanja Under the patronage

Hotel Ambasador, Opatija Hrvatska / Croatia

Prof. dr hab., dr h.c., dr h.c. DOROTA JAMROZ, POLJSKA

SAVJETOVANJE JE PRIRE\ENO U SURADNJI SA: CONFERENCE PREPARED IN COORDINATION WITH:

ZNANSTVENI ODBOR SAVJETOVANJA: CONFERENCE SCIENTIFIC BOARD:

ORGANIZACIJSKI ODBOR SAVJETOVANJA: CONFERENCE ORGANISATION BOARD:

Zaklju~ci i sve~ano zatvaranje Savjetovanja Conclusions and official closing of Conference

3. Slu`beni jezici 4. Smje{taj

bed and breakfast

bed and breakfast

IREKS AROMA d.o.o.

Za sve detaljne informacije obratite se na

VELEPRODAJA I MALOPRODAJA MIKRO I MAKRO KOMPONENATA ZA PROIZVODNJU STONE HRANE

info@lupres.hr www.lupres.hr info@lupres.hr www.lupres.hr info@lupres.hr

KRMIVA 2008 S A D R A J | CONTENTS

Janjei, Z, 1Muic, S. 1Pintar, J., 1Bedekovi, D. 2Voa, N., 1najder, N.

Kljune rijei: krmaarnik, mikroklima, praina, amonijak, mikroorganizmi u zraku.

Peter F. Surai and 3Miklos Mezes

Keywords: phytase, Natuphos, phosphorus release, matrix values, pigs, poultry.

Kljune rijei: svinje, kandidatni geni, klaonika svojstva

Key words: pigs, candidate genes, carcass traits

Kljune rijei: bioplin, sudanska trava, energetske biljke

Veleuilite Velika Gorica s pravom javnosti; 2BBS Projekt, Zagreb

KRMIVA 2008 TANINI U HRANIDBI PREIVAA TANNINS IN RUMINANT NUTRITION

KRMIVA 2008 RAZVOJ VETERINARSTVA U HRVATSKOJ DEVELOPMENT OF VETERINARY MEDICINE IN CROATIA

Salamon, R.V., 2Lki, K., 1Salamon, Sz., 2Csap-Kiss, Zs., 1,2Csap J.

Keywords: milk, cheese, butter, conjugated linoleic acids, microwave

Vlado Kuec, 1Silvije Jerinovi, 2Stjepan Pliesti

DIO BILJKE Komuina List Oklasak Stabljika Zrno Cijela biljka

Udio 8,08 15,70 7,05 25,02 43,25 100,00

Sirovi protein 3,85 8,75 2,25 2,38 9,06 6,38

NDV - vlakna 79,24 66,70 83,44 71,88 11,12 45,91

krob 70,77 30,59

In vitro probavljivost 53,55 50,04 49,19 44,55 80,76 64,77

52,0-54,0 49,3-54,5 49,0-52,4

16,1-17,9 15,1-18,8 15,7-22,4

80,7-82,1 74,8-77,4 77,2-77,6

98,5 97,6-98,9 94,8-97,7 93,6-97,1

78,7-81,6 70,3-85,1 92,2

41,4-43,4 32,2-35,1 53,5-57,4 42,8-43,8

34,1-35,6 0,9-1,1 0,1-0,9 31-31,8

0,2-1,3 2,9-10,4 45,3-52,2 0,0-0,1

15,7-24,2 21,1-33,1 47,2-52,7 10,6-22,7

10,0-20,9 10,6-24,4 47,2-56,0 8,7-21,2

1,4-13,1 19,4-33,0 43,6-56,1 8,6-17,5

1,3 13,0-25,8 86,9-89,6 0,1-0,2

50,6 73,6-95,7 89,9-90,9 25,1-49,8

44,1 41,8-56,2 47,7 26,9

23,1 79,3 90,2 27,7

Key words: inter-laboratory comparison, compound feed, homogeneity

Key words: rapeseed expeller, nutrients, undesired substances, standardization

Kljune rijei: sigurnost hrane, analiza rizika, koncept od polja do stola

Kljune rijei: svinje, sastav trupa,rast, magnetna rezonantna tomografija

Key words: pigs, body composition, growth, magnetic resonance tomography

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