Anchor equipment Purpose: to fix the position of a ship in shallow water by using the seabed Stop the ship

ip in case of emergency To control the speed of the ship during manoeuvres Can be used to refloat the vessel in case of running aground Anchor & anchor chain may be used to moor the ship on a SPMB or MPMB At anchor Mainly by the weight of the chain, chain is as important as the anchor The stem in the wind or the current + enough place to rotate Combination of chain and anchor absorbs the chocks from wind, waves & current. Anchors General: 2 bow and 1 stern anchor (normal conditions: 1 anchor is sufficient) Ship is not allowed to sail from any port when one anchor has been lost Equipment number (on the midship section drawings of a ship): used in determining the necessary basic equipment of a ship (anchors, mooring lines,..) Certification for the anchor and mooring equipment are marked on the anchor (certificate number, test load, weight of the anchor,) by Classification Society Piggy back anchor: a second small anchor to keep the main anchor in position. Might be dangerous if holding power pull the flukes parallel to the shank Breaking out an anchor: ship moves to a position straight above the anchor, shank is lifted + anchor is broken out en can be brought to surface. (offshore: breaking out by tugboats) Anchor types Conventional types : Spek anchor, Hall anchor (conventional anchor), Union anchor, Baldt anchor HHP (high holding power): brede basis stabiel, minder kans dat het draait op de bodem + schuine randen de modder valt er sneller af + minder hoog stabieler. AC14 anchor, Pool-N anchor, Pool-Tw anchor, Danforth anchor (not very stable because of the 3 points of support), CQR-plow type anchor (only used on a small craft) SHHP (super high holding power): hele brede basis in functie van de hoogte: used for dredging + off-shore jobs / 50% lighter than normal anchors / holding force 4 x larger than conventional anchors Flipper Delta (fluke angle can be adapted + more stable anchor, always flips over, even on soft bottom), Offdrill II, Moorfast, Stevin (Stev fix/Mud/Pris (12/16 tons) (fluke angle can be adapted)/Shark Main characteristics of an anchor Strength: tractive power must be tested & certified before the anchor is put on board / there is a relation between tractive power and minimum weight HP: Holding power Max when shank is on the ground related to the type/weight of anchor and anchor chain + anchor ground (mud = bad anchor ground, sand = good)

holding factor = HP/weight anchor not linear Penetration of the anchor related to the fluke angle: soft bottom big angle, hard bottom smaller fluke angle (by large fluke angle: start dragging), most anchors +/- 40 Breaking out or tripping of an anchor Heaving anchor chain: shank is pulled vertically flukes become +/horizontal dragging Main engine can be used when winch is not capable of hoisting the anchor, Offshore: AHTS: Anchor Handling Tugboats to raise and put in position the anchors Stability of an anchor het gemak waarmee het anker als het op de bodem valt de juiste positie inneemt en deze behoudt. All hinged (gearticuleerde) anchors are unstable by definition Point of gravity of an anchor Balanced/unbalanced: balanced: point of gravity is situated just below the rotation point of the head, when heaving up the flukes are vertical and alongside the shank The oblique force: to become a good HP: chain length 3x water depth + chain flat on bottom of the sea otherwise it looses his HP Anchor chain Runs from the chain locker, through the spurling pipe, via the gypsy wheel of the windlass through the hawse pipe, to the anchor Types Stud link anchor chain (studs are to prevent kinks in the chain + extra weight, add some strength) Stud less link anchor chain (less strong, breaking load/proof load are lower (proof load = 2 x SWL (safe working load))) Qualities ( U1 obsolete, U2&U3, U4 offshore quality (expensive)) Composed of lengths (shackles) each with a length of 15 fathom, the shackles are interconnected by a Kenter shackle, each shackle consists of links, 1st and last link of a shackle are stud less, number of links is uneven (gypsy wheel), interconnection of shackles used to be by a D-shackle, now by a Kentershackle Is marked with paint in order to keep track of the outboard chain length but this can also with the Electronic Chain Length Indicator indicator which counts the rotations of the gypsy wheel Chain locker Connection of the anchor chain in the chain locker: by a weak link, this connection can be opened from the outside of the chain locker A grill on the bottom of the chain locker makes sure that the water, rust and mud can fall through, a bilge pomp drains the water Windlass: anchor winches or capstans are used to heave in and pay out the anchors and anchor chains in a controlled way. A clutch is used to (dis)connect the gypsy wheel or the mooring drum to the main shaft can be powered by electricity, hydraulic systems, electric-hydraulic systems and steam Chain stopper: absorbs the pull of the chain by diverting it to the hull.

To remove the force from the anchor winch while at anchor To prevent the anchor from paying out while at sea The bracket protects the screw thread