Estimating and Costing

Def: The process of determination of quantities of items of work and its cost for completion 1. Construction Activates a. Plans i. Plans ii. Elevations iii. Sections b. Estimating and Costing i. To calculate the quantities of various items of work ii. To calculate the cost of structure c. Execution (Construction) 2. Requirements to prepare an estimate a. Drawings b. Specifications i. Properties of materials ii. Mix Proportions iii. Workmanship iv. Source of materials and Conveyance c. Rates i. Standard Schedule of Rates (SSR) approved by the concerned engineering authorities every year ii. Local market rates for the items which are not covered in SSR iii. Rate per unit work of various items of work can be worked out by the Method of Analysis or Analysis of Rates using 1. Standard Data 2. Lead Rates from SSR 3. Types of Estimates a. Approximate Estimate or Rough Estimate as per Practical Experience b. Detailed Estimate as per Drawings S No Description of work Nos L B D/H Quantity Total Quantity

c. Abstract Estimate it gives accurate cost of the project S No Description of work Quantity Rate Per Amount

Remarks

4. Accuracy in Estimation a. All measurements shall be measured to the nearest 0.01m b. All the areas shall be worked out the nearest 0.01 Sq.m c. All the volumes shall be worked out the nearest 0.01 Cum

5. Types of Specifications a. General Specification (Brief Specification) b. Detailed Specification 6. Lump sum Items which are not possible to workout in details a. Electrification @ 8 to 10% b. Water supply and Sanitary works @ 8 to 10% c. Contingencies and unforeseen items 7. P S Charges @ 2.5% Salaries of Supervisors (Temporary Staff) a. Works Inspector b. Work Assistants c. Technical Masteries d. Watchmen etc., 8. Units of Measurement of various items of work 9. Main Items of work (Buildings) a. Earthwork Excavation i. All types of soils except rock ii. Rock cutting iii. Pipeline trench iv. Road Formations 1. Cutting 2. Embankment b. Refilling of Foundations c. Concrete Foundations i. Plain Cement Concrete (PCC 1:4:8 or 1:5:10) using 40mm HB Metal ii. Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC) 1. Footings 2. Foundations d. Masonry i. Stone Masonry for Foundation ii. Brick Masonry for Superstructure and Parapet Walls e. RCC works i. Columns ii. Plinth Beam iii. Lintels and Sunshade iv. Roof Beams v. Roof Slab vi. Staircase & Lifts f. Flooring i. Cement Flooring ii. Cuddapah Slabs iii. Marble iv. Granite v. Vitreous Tiles g. Roofing i. RCC Slab

ii. AC Sheet iii. GI Sheet iv. PVC Roofing h. Plastering for i. Concrete works 12mm thick ii. Stone Masonry 20mm thick iii. Brick Masonry 12mm thick i. Pointing for Stone Masonry j. Doors (1.0 x 2.0m) and Windows (0.9 x 1.2m) k. White Washing, Color Washing and Distempering l. Painting Coefficients for i. Door Paneled 2.25 times ii. Window Paneled 2.75 times iii. Cup Board 2.25 times iv. Glazed Door or Window 1 time v. Flush Door 2 times m. Steel Reinforcement for i. Lintels @ 120 kg/cum ii. Sunshade @ 10 kg/Rmt iii. Roof Columns @ 160 kg/Cum iv. Roof Beams @ 160 kg/Cum v. Roof Slab @ 80 kg/Cum 10. Methods of Taking out Quantities a. Center line method b. Long wall Short wall method