Sexual size dimorphism in anurans fails to obey Rensch s rule Abstract Background Sexual size dimorphism (SSD) is related

to ecology, behaviour and life history o f organisms. Rensch s rule states that SSD increases with overall body size in spe cies where males are the larger sex, while decreasing with body size when female s are larger. To test this rule, we analysed literature as well as own data on m ale and female body size in anurans (39 species and 17 genera). We also tested t he hypothesis that SSD is largely a function of age difference between the sexes . Gender and ethical orientation: A test of gender and occupational socialization theories Abstract Ethics and associated values influence not only managerial behavior but also man agerial success (England and Lee, 1973). Gender socialization theory hypothesize s gender differences in ethics variables whether or not individuals are full tim e employees; occupational socialization hypothesizes gender similarity in employ ees. The conflicting hypotheses were investigated using questionnaire responses from a sample of 308 individuals. Analysis of variance and hierarchical regressi on yielded unexpected results. Although no significant gender differences emerge d in individuals lacking full time employment, significant differences existed b etween employed women and men, with women appearing more ethical . While occupation al socialization predicts an interaction between employment status and gender, t hese group differences were opposite to those predicted. An implication for the two theories and the current conflicting research support is that these commonly used theories may be of limited usefulness. Some alternative concepts are propo sed. Gender differences in preschool children s declared and behavioral compliance with pedestrian rules Abstract The study examined gender differences in compliance with pedestrian rules among preschool children. Two groups of 5-year-old boys and girls containing a total o f 162 children participated in the study. First, the children s compliance was ass essed during crossing and walking by observing their pedestrian behaviors. Then, each child was interviewed on pedestrian-danger appraisal, rule knowledge, rule compliance, and rule internalization. As hypothesized, the results showed that girls behaviors were more compliant than those of boys. However, boys were more c ompliant than girls in looking at the surrounding environment as they traveled a nd before crossing. Girls said they were more compliant with rules, had better k nowledge of rules, and exhibited greater rule internalization than boys. Danger appraisals, however, were found to be comparable for boys and girls. Moreover, d eclared compliance was linked to behavioral compliance among girls but not among boys. These findings suggest that girls and boys have different motives for obe ying safety rules. The results are discussed in regard to the origins of gender differences in traffic-rule compliance.