Name of the Experiment:

CONSTRUCTION & OPERATION OF SOME SIMPLE ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS

Course No. EEE 102 Experiment No. 1 Group No. 2

Mursalin Habib Roll No. 9906114 Department: Electrical and Electronics Engineering Level 1 Term 1 Session 1999-2000 Partners Roll No.

Date of Performance: Date of Submission:

Objectives:
This experiment is to acquaint us with some simple circuits and to make them familiar with diagram reading, drawing and writing with the help of different types of switches (Single Pole Single Throw Switch - SPST, Single Pole Double Throw Switch - SPDT, Double pole single throw switch - DPST, Double Pole Double Throw Switch - DPDT) that will be frequently encountered in different experiments. Here we are also taught some new concept of efficiency. And we were to choose between two circuits, which is most efficient.

Circuit Diagram:
1. Connect an electrical lamp so that it may be operated from a 220V ac supply using and SPST switch.

2. Connect a lamp so that it may be operated by either of two SPST switches.

3. Connect two lamps so that either may be operated form a common source by its own SPST switch.

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4. Connect two lamps so that both may be operated from simultaneously from a common source by one SPST switch. Is it possible to do it on any other way? If possible, show both the diagrams and indicate the preferable one.

5. Connect a lamp so that it may be operated independently by either of the two SPDT switches from a 220V source.

6. Connect a lamp using two SPDT and one DPDT switches to the power supply in such way so the lamp may be turned ON/OFF by any of the three switches.

Apparatus:
Two Lamp Boards (220v,60w & 40w) Two Single Pole Single Throw Switch (SPST) Two Single Pole Double Throw Switch (SPDT) One Double Pole Double Throw Switch (DPDT) Voltage Source Wires

Question & Answer:

1. What is an Electrical Circuit? What are the elements of electrical

circuits? Describe all Circuit elements. Electric circuits:

Path of an electric current is called electrical circuits. Actually it is a mathematical model of electric devices. There are 5 basic elements if electric circuits: 1.Voltage Source 2.Current Source 3.Resistors 4.Inductors and 5.Capacitors Voltage Source: The device, which keeps the voltage difference between two points in a circuit. Current Source: The electric device that produces current. Resistor: The component used to control the size of the current that flows in an electronic or electric circuit is called Resistor. Inductors: This is a device that contains just a coiled wire. And its links current flow with electromagnetic field.

Capacitors: Capacitor is an electrical condenser, device for storing an electrical charge.

2. Define Node, branch, loop and mesh. Node: A point where two or more circuit elements joins are called node. Branch: A path that connects two nodes. Loop: A path whose last node is as the same as the starting node is called loop. Mesh: A loop that doesnt enclose any other loops is called mesh.

3. What are a short circuit and an open circuit? Short Circuit: The term Short Circuit is usually taken to mean a continuous path composed of conductors and conducting devices and including a source of electromotive force (em) that drives the current around the circuit. Open Circuit: A circuit in which the current path is not continuous is called an open circuit.

4. Write Short notes on switches, voltmeter, ammeter, multimeter & rheostat? Switch: Switch, part of an electronic or electric circuit that controls the flow of electric current. In its simplest form, a switch consists of two metal contacts that are held together so that current flows through them. Voltmeter: A voltmeter is an instrument that measures voltage difference between two points. Ammeter: An ammeter is an instrument designed to measure current. Multi-meter: This a device that measures various properties ie.current, voltage, conductivity, resistance etc. in a circuit, Rheostat: It is a sort of resistor. One can change the resistance of a rheostat using its knob but not as freely as post office box. It might be adjusted with linear and rotary control both.

5. Which method in instruction 4 was preferable? Why? The second method or the method B was preferable. Because, 1. Both bulb will lit with same luminosity 2. Both bulbs will cost the same power. 3. Both bulbs will have the same voltage difference.

6. What is the drawback of the following Circuit in the connection of the switch?

Draw Back:
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Pre-Cautions: Switch was not on until the teacher has checked the circuit. As circuits elements were bare so they were touched and used carefully All wires were tied carefully

Discussion:
All precautions were taken. But it was really dangerous to handle those bare circuit elements. But there was no accident. And from this experiment we learnt how two use Single Pole Single Throw Switch - SPST, Single Pole Double Throw Switch - SPDT, Double pole single throw switch - DPST, Double Pole Double Throw Switch DPDT. And also learnt to control the current flow of a circuit. Here we also faced a new condition. While connecting two bulbs in a series the bulb with lesser power lit with more brightness.