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Production Technology
Lecture 11b - Gas Lift, Section 2 - Hardware
Recommended Texts: Handout and
Artificial A ifi i l Lift Lif Methods, M h d Kermit E. Brown, Volume 2a PennWell Publishing Co, Tulsa, OK, 1980
Akim Kabir Senior Lecturer Department of Petroleum Engineering Curtin University of Technology
Aug 2008
Section 2 - Hardware
Slide 1
Gas Lift
WELL LBORE
FLOWLINE
Slide 2
Gas Lift
S Separator
Liquid
Section 2 - Hardware
Slide 3
Gas Lift
Tubing
Tubing, Casing, Packer, Mandrels and Gas Lift valves Gaslift Valves are housed inside the mandrels and the mandrels is part of the tubing g Upper valves are for unloading Bottom valve is for operation
Casing/Tubin g Annulus
Packer
Reservoir
Perforations
Section 2 - Hardware
Slide 4
Gas Lift
CAMCO
ENGINEERING DATA
PART NUMBER SIZE MAX O O.D. D MIN I.D. DRIFT I.D. THREAD TEST PRESSURE INTERNAL TEST PRESSURE EXTERNAL LATCH TYPE KICKOVER TOOL RUNNING TOOL PULLING TOOL MATERIAL TENSILE STRENGTH (EOEC) 05712-000-00001 5 1/2 7 982 7.982 4.756 4.653 17 LB/FT MANN BDS B x P 7740 PSI 6280 PSI RK, RK-1, RKP, RK-SP OM-1, OM-1M, OM-1S RK-1 15079 1 5/8 JDS 15155 410 S.S., , 13 CR 22 HRC MAX 490,000 LBS
Section 2 - Hardware
Slide 5
Gas Lift
Section 2 - Hardware
Slide 6
Gas Lift
Bellows protection g Max dome charge Check valve Stem travel Metallurgy Elastomers Max fluid rate
Top Latch
Section 2 - Hardware
Slide 7
Gas Lift
Section 2 - Hardware
Slide 8
Gas Lift
Section 2 - Hardware
Slide 9
Gas Lift
Dummy valves l
Orifice valves l
Square edged (DKO-2) Venturi (nova)
Unloading valves l
Injection pressure (casing) operated valve (BK-1) production pressure (fluid) operated valve (BKR-5, RF-1) Throttling/proportional response valve (LM-16R) Combination valve
Section 2 - Hardware
Slide 10
Gas Lift
IPO O Valve V ve
Advantages
Flexible to uncertainty of well data External control rather than well control Re-opening of unloading valves can be avoided
Disadvantages
Requires higher injection pressure Field personnel need to intervene once the well is unloaded and flowing to reduce injection pressure to close the unloading valves If well quit quit, unplanned shutdowns shutdowns, etc. etc operator need to readjust injection gas
Section 2 - Hardware
Slide 11
Gas Lift
PPO O Valve V ve
The commonly Th l used d type t of f gaslift lift valve l i in d dual l completion wells is Production Pressure Operated Gaslift Valve (PPO) Ad Advantage t
Utilizes full injection pressure at operating valve depth Deeper injection depth Little attention by field personnel
Disadvantage
More mandrels/Valves needed than pressure operated design Needs accurate well data. Increase in Water Cut/FTHP can cause the shallower valves to re-open
Section 2 - Hardware
Slide 12
Gas Lift
Pc
Check Valve
Section 2 - Hardware
Slide 13
Gas Lift
A Pressure Regulator
If Pupstream > Pset, valve opens and maintains Upsteram Pressure = Pset
Diaphragm/ Atmospheric Bellows Spring
Section 2 - Hardware
Slide 14
Gas Lift
Upstream /Casing
Section 2 - Hardware
Gas Lift
Orifice Valves
THERE ARE 2 TYPES OF ORIFICE VALVE: SQUARED EDGED ORIFICE VENTURI (NOVA) Designed for accurate acc rate gas passage prediction. O One-way check h k valve l for f tubing bi integrity. i i
Section 2 - Hardware
Slide 16
Gas Lift
160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Gas passage dependent on downstream pressure until 40 - 50% pressure lost Poor pressure recovery = large pressure drop & large energy loss
Tubing Pressure
Section 2 - Hardware
Slide 17
Gas Lift
PTUBING = 55%
PRESSURE (PSI)
Section 2 - Hardware
PCASING
Slide 18
Gas Lift
Typically an orifice orifice type Gas lift valve always open - allows gas passage whenever correct differential exists Achieved critical flow with Delta P of 100 psi Gas injection controlled by size and differential across replaceable p choke Check valve prevents reverse flow of well fluids from the production conduit
Section 2 - Hardware
Slide 19
Gas Lift
3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
400 psi Upstream 900 psi Upstream Improved Orifice Valve Conventional Orifice Valve
Section 2 - Hardware
Slide 20
Gas Lift
SUB-CRITICAL FLOW
CRITICAL FLOW
PTUBING = 55%
PTUBING = 90%
PRESSURE ( (PSI) )
PCASING
Section 2 - Hardware
Slide 21