r[owfs ;/XK

GURMAT SEDHAN (PART-I)

by

Kanwar Ajit Singh

(Gkr-gfjbk)
pkDh ftobT[ thuko;h i/ eT[ r[ow[fy j'fJ

20/77, Ranjit Nagar, G-Block,

Seona Road, Patiala.
Publications
Gurmat Vichar Kendar
Seona Road, Patiala

ezto nihs f;zx

20$77, oDihs Bro, ih-pbke
f;T[Bk o'v, gfNnkbk
c'B L 0175-2359328
w'pkH L 98151-56818, 95018-77116

b/ye ns/ ;zgkde

ezto nihs f;zx

e-mail : sdkajitsingh@yahoo.co.in
www : gurmatvichar.info
www : gurmatvichar.org

gfjbh tko L i[bkJh 2011 (1000 ekgh)

@ : eosk d/ ;G jZe okyt/ A jB

b/ o NkJhg ;?fNzr L
eZeV ezfgT{No, gfNnkbk
98150-30588

gqek e

fgq No L
v?c'fvb fgq No , c?eNoh J/ohnk, gfNnkbk

r[owfs ftuko e/Ado, f;T[Bk oo'v,

v, gfNnkbk
ehws L 120/- o[gJ/

sseok
1a r[o{ wkfBU rqzE
2a pkDh r[o{ r[o{ j? pkDh
3a w/ok o{g rqzE dh ikB
4a r[o{ dk ;oho ns/ nkswk
5a ykb;k w/o' o{g j? yk;
6a r[owfs ;/XK
7a ikr[ o/ wB ikrBjko/
8a pZpo /o pkpk
9a j? e'T{ n?;' jwok whs[
10a ehosB fBw'be[ jhok
11a okw igj[ ih n?;/ n?;/
12a eos{fs g;{ eh wkB; ikfs
13a eT{nk e{eo ykjh
14a n s/ ;fsr[o[ p'fbnk
15a ikDj[ i'fs B g{Sj[ iksh
16a y;w[ S'fv d{i? br/
17a pkp/ dh c[Zb feogk
18a gqG{ fgnkfonK d/ puB
19a ;ot-fgq: f;Zy Xow
20a g[sh rzY[ gt? ;z;kfo
21a pkpk j'o[ g?BD[ y[;h y[nko[
22a r[o{ rqzE ns/ r[o{ g E
23a ;qh wkB ;zs nso f;zx ih (w;s{nkDk) d/ nBw'b puB
24a T{ms p?ms ;'ts Bkw
25a Grs g{oB f;zx ih (fg rbtkVk) d/ nBw'b puB
26a p?b[ fpokB/ j'Jh j?
27a Bkw dko{
28a r[owfs Bkw[
29a ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp gd S/d fe bVhtko <

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r[owfs ;/XK - (vi)

d' p d
1999 ftu ykb;k g E d/ ;kiBk fdt; ;pzfXs sh;oh skpdh
g Ee s"o s/ ;z;ko gZXo s/ wBkJh rJh . T[; t/b/ e/Ado ftu Gkosh iBsk
gkoNh ns/ T[; dhnK GkJhtkb iE/pzdhnK oki;Zsk ftu ;B . nekbh
db Bkb ;KMhtkbsk j'D eoe/ e/Ado ;oeko B/ Gh u'yk :'rdkB fJ;
ftu gkfJnk . fjzd{, fjzdh ns/ fjzd';skB dh thukoXkok B{z ;wofgs
phai/agha dhnK iVQK nkoan?;an?;a ftu j'D eoe/ fJ; d/ fJe ftzr,
ok Noh f;Zy ;zrs B/ Gh nkgD/ n dk ftu, yk; T[d/ fjs fJ; skpdh
B{z wBkT[D bJh ;kb Go gq'rokw ubkJ/ .
fJ; ;pzX ftu ok Noh f;Zy ;zrs dk nkyoh gq'rokw gfNnkb/ e'b
pjkdorVQ dh nBki w vh ftu j'fJnk . fJE/ i' ;N/i s'A p'fbnk frnk ns/
;kfjs tzfvnk frnk, T[; s'A fJBQK d/ T[d/ dk n;bh fujok fdZ; fgnk .
fJBQK d/ f;Zy fto'Xh e{V gquko fto[ZX dk; B/ gfjbK ok Noh f;Zy
;zrs M{m dk g[bzdk fco nkoan?;an?;a M{m dk g[bzdk d/ Bkw j/m d; d;
j ko Nq?eN Sgtk e/ ;zrsK ftu G/Nk ofjs tzv/ . fi; s'A ;zrsK dk nEkj
fgnko dk; B{z gokgs j'fJnk . fJ; fgS'A r[o f;wo wBkJh ekfbek < ns/
ikrj[ ikrj[ ;[fsj' d/ Nq?eN s'A fJbktk g E fto'Xh skesK d/ r[gs J/
izvk Gh ekh frDsh ftu ;zrsK ftu tzfvnk .
fJ; fpX nrzwh j[ew n do dk; B{z fJzihBhno s'A ;kfjse y/so
ftu gqt/ j'D dk okj y[ZbQ frnk. r[o{ ;kfjp dh pyf ns/ r[ow[y
fgnkfonK dh gq/oDk ;dek fJj ezw fBozso ub fojk j? . jo wjhB/ r[owfs
d/ tZy tZy ftf nK, r[opkDh, f;Zyh f;XKs, fJfsjk; ns/ ofjs s'A fJbktk
g E fto'Xh skesK d/ e{V gouko B{z mZbQ gkT[D bJh j[D se seohpB
100 Nq?eN fby/ ik u[Ze/ jB .
nZi eZbQ dh w;o{chns tkbh f zddrh ftu, fiE/ tZvh feskp
gVQB dk fe;/ e'b ;wK BjhA iK nkoEe ;woZEk fpj{D ns/ f;Zy irs
ftu ;kfjse o[uh xZN j'D eoe/, nk;kB Gk k ftu fby/ fJj S'N/ S'N/
Nq?eN ekch ;koEe f;ZX j' oj/ jB . d/ d/ e'B/ e'B/ s'A ns/ ftd/ s'A
N?bhc{B ns/ fuZmhnK okjhA dk; B{z r[o y[ hnK dh n;h; fwbdh ofjzdh j? .
pj[s ;kohnK ;z;EktK ns/ ftnesh o{g ftu eJh r[ow[y fgnko/ fJBQK
N?qeNK B{z tZvh frDsh ftu w rtk e/ Xkowe ;wkrwK ftu tzvd/ ofjzd/
jB . ;zrsK dh b'V B{z w[Zy oZy e/ eJh Nq?eN tko tko SgtkJ/ rJ/ jB .
eJh r[ow[y fgnkfonK B/ vke okjhA w rtk e/ fJBQK Nq?eNK dh ckJhb pDk

e/ ;KG oZy/ jB .
fJj Nq?eN bzp/ ;w/A sZe ;zGkb e/ oZy/ ik ;eD bJh eJh r[o{ e/
fgnkfonK B/ fJBQK Nq?eNK B{z feskph o{g d/D dk ;[Mk fdZsk ;h . fJ; bJh
j[D fJBQK N?qeNK B{z ft / nB[;ko uko GkrK ftu tzv e/ r[owfs ftuko
;z;Ek tb'A gqekf s eoB dk c?;bk fbnk frnk j? . pj[s ;ko/ Nq?eN
fJjBK ;soK d/ b/ye tZb'A fby/ rJ/ jBl eJh Nq?eN j'o b/yeK d/ jB ns/
eJh Nq?eN tZy-tZy feskpK ftu'A bJ/ rJ/ jB . n;hA g{oh JhwkBdkoh Bkb
jo irQk fJ; dk toBD ehsk j? ns/ fiE/ b'V gJh b/ye dk BkT[A fbfynk
j? . ;ko/ Nq?eNK B{z j/mb/ eqw nB[;ko tzfvnk frnk j/ .
(1)
r[o{, r[opkDh ns/ ftnkfynk .
(2)
r[o{ fJfsjk;, g Ee fJfsjk;
(3)
f;Zyh ofjs .
(4)
g E fto'Xh skesK d/ e{V gquko dk T[Zso
fJj gfjbk Gkr ;zrsK ftu g/ eoB dk wkD jk;b eo oj/ jK.
nr/ fi; soQK r[o{ wjkoki feogk eoBr/ pkeh fszB/ Gkr th ibdh b? e/
jk o j' t Kr/ .
r[o{ T[gd/ d/ w{b Gkt s/ e/Adfos j' e/ fiE/ b'V gJh soe dk Gh
nk;ok fbZsk frnk j? . go wjZssk fJ; rZb B{z fdZsh rJh j? fe gkmeK
n do r[o{ fgnko, oXk ns/ ft tk g?dk j't/, Bkb jh wkfJnk d/ gqGkt
j/m ns/ g E fto'Xh skesK d/ e{V gouko nXhB iB ;kXkoB ftu i'
f;Zyh bJh T[dk;hBsk nk ojh j? T[; B{z d{o eo e/ gkme B{z f;Zy j'D s/
wkD wfj;{; j't/ .
dk; e'b Bk e'Jh ftdtsk j? Bk e'Jh j'o :'rsk j? j[D sZe dh
f zdrh ftu ;zrsK d/ i'V/ MkV e/ i' f;Zyh dk ;pe f;Zfynk j? e/tb T[jh
;pe pdK d/ o{g ftu ;zrs B{z g/ ehsk j? . fJ; ftu nB/eK G[ZbK,
so[ZNhnK ns/ rbshnK j'DrhnK, ;w{j ;zrs B{z p/Bsh j? fe uzrh rZb
rqfjD eoe/ n;h; d/Dk ih, sK i' ofjzdh ;/tk ;[uko{ o{g ftu j' ;e/ . fJ;
feskp dh ;[XkJh bJh dk; ;a Bkjo f;zx (oDihs ftjko, ;ojzd o'v,
gfNnkbk) dk yk; foDh j? . GkJh gqhsw f;zx ns/ ekek i;ihs B/ Gh i'
fJ; ekoi ftu ;jkfJsk gkJh j? ns/ j'o r[ow[y fgnkfonK dk, fiBQK ;w/
A ;w/A :'r nrtkJh ehsh, dk; ;G dk XzBtkdh j? .
dk; GkJh dhdko f;zx ih r[owfs gquko ;Gk, e'bK tkbk N'Gk,
gfNnkbk dk th nfs XzBtkdh j? fiBQK B/ fJ; ekoi d/ nkozG ftZu :'r
nrtkJh fdZsh .

eztonihs f;zx

r[owfs ;/XK - 2

r[o{ wkfBU rqE

z
r[od[nkfonK ftZu dhtkB dh ;wkgsh s/ id f;Zy ;zrs fJj d'jok gVQdh j? L
nkfrnk GJh nekb eh sp? ubk:' g E ..
;p f;yB e' j[ew j? r[o{ wkfB:' rqzE ..
r[o{ rqzE ih wkfB:' gqrN r[oK eh d/j ..
i' gqG e' fwbp' uj? y'i ;pd w?A b/j ..
sK eJh ;ZiD nkyd/ jB fe fJj d'jok r[o{ ;kfjp dk fbfynk
j'fJnk BjhA j? ns/ nekbhnK B/ fJ; B{z gVQB dk fotki gkfJnk j? .
nkohnk ;wkih iK r[o{ vzw dhnK d[ekBK ubkT[D tkb/ f;ZX/ s"o
s/ ns/ nkgD/ pkfpnK B{z r[o{nK dk ntsko efjD tkb/ iK r[o{ s[b
;wMD tkb/ v/o/dko ;zs b[et/A s"o s/ ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp pko/ ze/ yVQ/ eo e/
nkw ;zrs B{z r[wokj eo oj/ jB . fJBQK d/ fJ; pko/ ehs/ zfenK dk t/otk
fJ; soQK j?l
(1)
r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp wjkoki B{z r[osk d/D dk fJfsjkf;e gqwkD
d;w/ fgsk d/ ekb dk e'Jh BjhA fwbdk .
(2)
fJZe rqzE, r[o{ dk ;EkB fet/A b? ;edk j? <
(3)
fiT[Adk r[o{ jh T[gd/ d/ e/ f;Zy dk wkor do e pD ;edk j? .
(4)
pkDh nkgD/ nkg r[o{ BjhA j' ;edh, i' pkDh B{z ;wM e/ nZr/ b'eK
B{z ;wMk e/ ;jh o;s/ gkT[Adk j?, T[jh r[o{ j? .
5)
;qh r[o{ BkBe d/t wjkoki dh pkDh d/ pd L
w? nkgDk r[o[ g{fS d/fynk nto[ Bkjh EkT[ .. (n r 14)
sEk - GkJh o/ r[o fpB[ frnkB[ B j'fJ .
g{Sj[ pqjw/ Bkod? p/d fpnk;? e'fJ .. (n r 59)
ns/ j'o nB/eK pdK s'A f;ZX j[zdk j? fe d/j Xkoh r[o{ p ?o ihtB ;/X BjhA
fwb ;edh .
(6)
r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp p'bd/ BjhA . id sZe p'bD tkbk Bk j't/ rZb
fet/A ;wMhJ/ .
fJZethukonB[;ko;qhr[o{BkBed/twjkokid/;ohodhpDsofJZenkwfJB;kB

torh ;h . jZE, w{ j, BZe, ezB ;kv/ tor/ ;h . T[BKQ dk ihtB Yzr, ykD, ghD, gfotkfoe
;zpX
z , wksk-fgsk, gsBh ns/ GkJhukok ;kv/ tork jh ;h . ;G s'A ;/q m ns/ ftbZyDsk tkbh
rZb i/ e'Jh ;h sK T[j ;h T[BKQ d/ n do gow/ o dk fgnko ns/ oZph frnkB dk Gzvko . fJ;
oZph frnkB ns/ T[BKQ d/ ndo tZ; ojh fBozekoh i'fs dk ibtk i' T[BKQ d/ B{okBh fujo/ s'A gqrN
j[d
z k ;h, ekoB jh T[BKQ B{zfBozekoh i'fs ikD, b[ekJh ;fseko eodh ;h . BjhA sK f;nkfDnK
nB[;ko fJj ;oho fJZe fwZNh dh Y/oh j? . fJ; r[ZMh ow B{z ;wMkT[D bJh jh r[o{ ;kfjp B/
;koh T[wo ;zxo ehsk .
i/ r[o{ ;kfjp ;koh T[wo u[g-ukg ofjzd/ fe;/ Bkb p'bd/ Bk, e'Jh
T[gd/ Bk eod/ ns/ Bk pkDh oud/ sK kfJd d[BhnK j[D sZe ed dh
T[BQK B{z G[Zb rJh j[zdh . fJ; bJh ;oho B{z r[o{ w BDk fJZe tZvh rbsh j?
:EkoE dh rZb j? i' oZph gqek dk Mbekok T[BQK nkgDh pkDh okjhA gqrN
ehsk ns/ i' ihtB iKu dZ;h T[jh n;b r[o{ j'D dh jZedko j? .
fJ;/ bJh id r[o{ ;kfjp s/ f;ZXK B/ gq B ehsk fe L
s/ok etD[ r[o{ fi; ek s{ u/bk .. (nr 942
942)
sK r[o{ ;kfjp dk T[Zso ;h,
;pd[ r[o{ ;[ofs X[fB u/bk .. (nr 943
943)
r[o{ ;kfjp d/ fJ;/ nk / B{z ;qh r[o{ nwodk; wjkoki ih B/ nZr/ ik
e/ ;gZ N ehsk j? .
;fsr[o B' ;G[ e' t/ydk i/sk irs[ ;z;ko[ ..
fvm? w[efs B j'tJh fiuo[ ;pfd B eo/ thuko[ .. (nr 594
594)
fe w/o/ ;oho B{z sK ;kok ;z;ko jh d/ydk j? e/tb ;oho B{z d/yD Bkb eZ[M
BjhA pDdk go w/ok T[gd/ i' pkDh ftZu doi j?, jh n;b r[o{ j? . pkDh
B{z r[o{ w B e/ wB Bkb thukfonK jh fB;skok j'Dk j? . (;pd[ r[o{ ;[ofs
X[fB u/bk)
fJ;/ bJh ;qh r[o{ nwodk; ih B/ tko tko fgnko Bkb T[gd/ fdZsk j? Lnktj[ f;y ;fsr[o{ e/ fgnkfoj' rktj[ ;uh pkDh ..
pkDh s rktj[ r[o{ e/oh pkDhnk f;fo pkDh .. (nr 920
920)
fJ;/ rZb dh gq'VQsk ;qh r[o{ okwdk; wjkoki B/ ehsh j? .
r[o n fwqs fGzBh d/j[oh n fwqs[ p[oe/ okw oki/ ..
fiBk r[opkDh wfB GkJhnk n fwqfs[ Sfe Se/ .. (nr 448
448)
fe r[o{ d/ ;oho s'A gow/ o d/ Bkw o{g n fwqs dhnK c[jkoK g? ojhnK jB go
fiBQK B{z r[o{ dh pkDh GkJh j?, uzrh bZrh j?, Gkt r[opkDh Bkb fgnko

r[owfs ;/XK - 3

r[owfs ;/XK - 4

fgnk j? T[jh fJj n fwqs Sed/ jB .

;qh r[o{ noiB d/t wjkoki B/ fJ;/ bJh T[gd/ fdZsk j? L
pkDh r[o{ r[o{ j? pkDh ftfu pkDh n fwqs[ ;ko/ ..
r[o[ pkDh ej? ;/te[ iB[ wkB? gosfy r[o{ fB;sko/ ..
(nr 982
982)
d/jXkoh r[o{ d/ g[ikoh sK noE eod/ jB fe d/y' ih ! r[o{ ;kfjp
B/ fbfynk j? fe gosZy r[o{ jh fB;skok eodk j? . go fiBQK B{z r[opkDh
dhnK brK wksoK dh fB:wktbh dk gsk j?, fe fiE/ BKt iK gVBKt B{z
n"AeV bZrk j't/ sK g[fbzr fJZe puB j[zdk j? ns/ fiE/ BKt B{z f;jkoh
bZrh j't/ T[E/ noE, B{z, Bk, ek, e/, eh nB[;ko j[zd/ jB . ;' ;jh noE j?,
i' r[o{ pkDh d[nkok T[gd/ d/ fojk j?, e'Jh Gh, i/ iB ns/ ;/te pD e/
w B/rk r[o{ gqsZy j' e/ fB;skok eo/rk .
d{;o/ gk;/ i/ thuko eohJ/ sK gsk uZbdk j? fe ;kvh ;koh
;ohfoe feqnk wB d/ nXhB ezw eodh j?. ;oho ezw g{ok eoB bJh fJZe
;kXB j? . wB ftZu c[oBk g?dk j'fJnk fe r[od[nko/ ikDk j? g?o r[od[nko/
tZb b? e/ s[o/ ns/ i/ T[;/ t/b/ wB dk c[oBk j't/ m/e/ ikDk j? g?o m/e/ tZb
b? s[o/ .
ezB nktk ;[DB bJh fJZe ;kXB jBl GktBk wB ftZu j[zdh j?.
nkgDh skoh ;[D e/ wB fyV iKdk j? . fujo/ s/ [ h dh bfjo d"V iKdh
j? . T[BQK ezBK Bkb fBzdk ;[D e/ wB eq'fXs j' iKdk j? ns/ nZyK bkb j'
iKdhnK jB .
nZyK T[jh jB fwZso B{z d/y e/ fuZs gq;zB j' iKdk j? ns/ d[ wD B{z
d/y wB dh GktBk pdb iKdh j? . nkgDh Xh, G?D, gsBh ns/ wK B{z pzdk
T[BQK nZyK Bkb jh d/ydk j? go wB dh GktBk jo fJZe bJh tZyoh j? .
nZyK-nZyK Bkb jh fe;/ B{z fJeKs ftZu fwbD dk ;wK fB fus j' iKdk j?
.
fi; wB ftZu ekw, eq'X, b'G, w'j ns/ njzeko o{gh fteko jB
T[;/ wB ftu fdnk, Xow, ;s, ;zs'y ns/ Grsh d/ r[D p?m/ jB . wB
nZv nZv gq;fEshnK ftZu fJBQK d/ n;o j/m nk e/ ezw eodk j? . wB dh
fposh eoe/ jh pzdk u'o, vke{, pdwk ns/ b[No/ k j? . wB eoe/ jh pzdk goT[gekoh, ;zs,
pjkdo ns/ fdnkb{ j? . wB dh ;kXBk jh Xow dh ;kXBk j? . r[opkDh dk 70# T[gd/ wB
bJh j? .

;' f;ZX j'fJnk fe Bk ;oho f;Zy j? ns/ Bk jh ;oho r[o,{ T[gd/ wB bJh j? ns/ fJj
T[gd/ r[o{ d/ frnkB d[nkok fwbDk j? . fJ;/ bJh d;w/ fgsk B/ fejk j? L
o/ wB n?;' eo ;zfBnk;k ..
pB ;/ ;dB ;p? eo ;wMj[ wB jh wkfj T[dk;k ..
1.. ojkT[ ..
..1
is eh iNk i'r e' wiB[ B/e e/ ByB pYkU ..
frnkB r[o{ nksw T[gd/;j[ Bkw fpG{s brkU ..
(okwebh gkfs kjh 10 - d;w rqzE)
;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp B{z r[osk rZdh d/D d/ gqwkD r[o{ ekb t/b/ s'A
jh fwbD/ [o{ j' iKd/ jB .
;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx d/ ;wekbh f;Zy GkJh gqfjbkd f;zx ih B/
nkgD/ fby/ ofjsBkw/ ftu fJ; soQK fbfynk j? L
nekb g[oy e/ puB f;T[A gqrN ubkfJT[ g E ..
;G f;yB e' j[ew fJj r[o{ wkfBU rqzE .. 1
d;w/ fgsk ih d/ nkgD/ nfBB f;y GkJh Bzd bkb ih okjhA fJj puB
r[o{ f;ZyK bJh ej/ jB L
i' f;y r[ o do B eh ukfj . do B eo/ rq z E ih nkfj ..
i' ww ;kE uj/ efo pks . rqzE ih gV?Q phukofj ;kE ..
w/ok o{g rqzE ih ikB . fJ; w/A G/d B ozue wkB ..
rq z E ;kfjp ih r[ o { eo ikB? .. nkfrnk ;q h r[ o { rq z E ;kfjp ih
wkB? ..
(sBykjBkwk GkJh Bzd bkb)
Jh;N fJzvhnk ezgBh dk g[fbNheb J/izN fw;No n?bfczB;NB,
co[y;hno d/ dopko ftZu ;h . T[; B/ pkpk pzdk pjkdo dh jhdh dk ;kok
jkb ebeZs/ j?Zve[nkNo B{z fby e/ G/fink ;h . fJ; ftZu fwL n?bfczB;NB
;k fbydk j? fe r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;kfjp s'A fgZS'A e'Jh d/jXkoh r[o{ f;ZyK
ftZu BjhA j'fJnk pbfe nkgDh irQk rqzE B{z d/ rJ/ . 2
r[o{;kfjp d/ i'sh i'fs ;wkT[D d/ 43 ;kb fgZSA' GkJh wBh f;zx okjhA fbykfJnk ns/
e"o f;zx ebkb d/ r[ofpbk; gks kjh d;thA ftZu fJ; soQK toBD ehsk j? L
do;B r[o ek j? ;ktXkB . ;qh rqzE ih ;kfjp wkB .
sp g[fB nkg T[m/ ;G ;zrk . g?;/ g u BbhJ/o ;[ n rk .
1a
2a

ofjsBkw/ ;zgkde fgnkok f; x gdw, gqek e f;zx pqdo , n fwqs;o .

An early European Account of Sikhs, by Dr. Ganda Singha

r[owfs ;/XK - 5

r[owfs ;/XK - 6

ejk i'fJ pu ehBk ukj/ . gkm eo/ r[o e/ ;[y gkJ/ .

:k ;w n"o e'Jh r[o Bkjh. fpBk ekB ;u pkee BkjhA .
3
GkJh e/;o f;zx fSZpV nkgD/ rqzE pz;ktbh Bkwk d;K gks kjhnK
ek i' fe r[o{ ;kfjp d/ pqjw bhB j'D s'A seohpB Sg ik ;kb fgZS'A
fbfynk frnk, ftZu fJ; soQK doi j? .
j'o r[fonkJh dk fNZek rqzE ;kfjp B{z d/ rJ/ .
g{ik n;EkB n fwqs;o ih GJ/ .
d;tK gks kj rZdh r[ f onkJh dh rq z E ;kfjp B{ z d/ frnk .
ni gqsZy r[o{ n;kvk rqzE ;kfjp , ;'Jh frnk i' rqzE'A frnk.
fJfsjk; s/ Mks gkfJnK gsk ubdk j? fe d;w/ fgsk ih d/
i'sh i'fs ;wkT[D s'A b? e/ wjkokik oDihs f;zx d/ oki ;wkgsh sZe,
kb;k g E ftZu fe;/ d/jXkoh r[o{ dk BkT[A gqrN BjhA j[zdk . seohpB g{oh
fJZe ;dh, esb/nkw, xZb{xko/ ns/ j'o n;fj ns/ nefj e N kb;/ B/
rqzE d/ skp/ ofj e/ MZb e/ ;koh d[BhnK dhnK B oK B{z u[fzXnk d/D tkbk
fJfsjk; f;ofink .
id f;Zy nytkT[Dk w"s B{z ;Zdk d/D dk BkT[A ;h T[d'A ;G, GkJh
wBh f;zx, GkJh sko{ f;zx tor/ GkJh iK tZvh T[wo d/ j'D eoe/ pkpk dhg
f;zx tor/ pkp/ jh ;h . e'Jh r[o{ g?dk Bk j'fJnk . j[D id jbtk g{oh dk
;wK j? sK xo xo r[o{ ns/ pkp/ gqrN j' oj/ jB .
nkgD/ d/ d/ fJfsjk; B{z tkfunK gsk ubdk j? fe gfjb'A gfjb
d/ tk;hnK d/ wBK s/ p/d pkDh dk oki ;h ns/ fJ; d/ dk vzek e[Zb
d[BhnK ftu tZi fojk ;h . id pkDh B{z SZv e/ d/ tk;h ntskotkd d/
o{g ftu ;ohoK dh g{ik, fco ;ohoK d/ p[ZsK dh g{ik d/ okj s[o gJ/ sK d/
dk gsB [o{ j' frnk .
nZi ;koh d[BhnK d/ d/ K s/ feskp dk oki j? . jo fJe d/
nkgDh ftXkB o{gh feskp d/ nk;o/ jh ub fojk j? . d[BhnK d/ ;ko/ wfjefwnK dk nkofEe,
oZfynk,f;Zfynk,G{rf' be,skokftfrnkB,fJzihBhnfozrGktT[jfejVkezwj?fijVke'JhfJe
ft / ftnesh ubk fojk j? . ;G ezw fe;/ Bk fe;/ feskp d/ fby/ n;{bK s/ jh uZb oj/ jB
. fJ;/ soQK i/ r[o{ ;kfjp B/ efj fdZsk fe w/oh pkDh jh r[o{ j? sK fJj ;w/A dh e;tZNh s/ g{oh
T[sodh j? .

dbhb fdZsh iKdh j? fe i' feskp gVQ e/ ;wMkT[Adk j? T[j jh r[o{j? . ;e{bK ekbiK
ftZu feskpK pZfunK bJh brdhnK jB T[E/nfXnkge pZfunK B{zfeskp gVQkT[Ad/jB . go
nfXnkge ed/ T[; feskp dk b/ye BjhA nytk ;edk . ;' r[opkDh d/ noE p'X eoB tkb/
frnkBh,eEktkueiKj'oe[ZMnytk;ed/jB,T[jed/Ghr[o{gdthd/wkbeBjhApD;ed/
.
w/ok fJe fwZso i' jo o' fJ; ft / s/ pfj; eodk ofjzdk ;h . fJe
fdB fJe feskp gVQd/ gVQd/ efjD bZrk fe d/y' ! rKXh ih eh nky oj/
jB . w?A T[Zso fdZsk fe rKXh ih B{z ;z;ko s'A frnK ekh ;wK j' frnk j?
j[D wo e/ fe; soQK p'b gJ/ . T[j efjD bZrk w?A fJj rKXh ih dh feskp
gVQ e/ dZ; fojk jK . fJj rKXh ih d/ puB jB . w?A jZ; e/ T[Zso fdZsk fe
w?A Gh jw/ K fJj' efjzdk jK fe pkDh okjhA r[o{ ;kfjp p'b oj/ jB go s{z
w BD bJh fsnko BjhA . T[; B{z e'Jh T[Zso Bk nkfJnk .
i/ d/jXkoh r[o{ dh fbk;h B{z w B bJhJ/ sK fJZe ;oho nkgD/
bZyK f;Zy ;/teK Bkb fJZe' t/b/ fet/A rZb eo ;edk j? < fet/A ;G dh p/
Bsh ;[D e/ T[BQK d/ T[Zso d/ ;edk j? < fJ;/ bJh d/jXkoh r[o{nK d/ ;/te
woD/-goD/ s/ nkgD/ r[o{nK B{z SZv e/ fco pkDh o{gh r[o{ dh oB ftZu p?m
e/ pkDh jh gVQd/ jB .
fJ;/ bJh r[o{ noiB ;kfjp dk r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp pko/ [owkB wjK
eth ;zs'y f;zx ih B/ fJ; soQK doi ehsk j? .
;qh r[o{ e/o ;oho i'T{, ;G EkB ;w/A ;G Bk do;/ j?A .
rqzE, fodk, r[o{ e' fJj ikB', T[sw j?, ;G ekb oj/ j?A .
w/o/ ;o{g s/ :k s/ j? dhox, ;kfjp ikD ndkfJp eo? j?A .
Gkt L- r[o{ dk ;oho i' j? T[j jw/ K jo irQk e'Jh d/y BjhA ;edk . rqzE
;kfjp B{z r[o{ dk fjodk ikB'A, i' T[Zsw j? ns/ jo ekb, jo irQk ofj
;edk j? . w/o/ ;oho s'A tZvk ns/ ;kfjp ikD e/ fJ; dk ;fseko eo'. (fJj
rqE
z 1843 ftZu fbfynk frnk j?) .
e/tb fejk jh BjhA pbfe id rqE
z ;kfjp dk gqek jfow do ;kfjp ftu ehsk
sK r[o{noiB d/t ih rqE
z ;kfjp B{zghVQ/s/ gqek eoe/ nkg f;Zy ;zrs Bkb G[i
z / p?md/ oj/ ns/
oks B{zgbzx s/ rqE
z ;kfjp fpokiwkB eo e/ nkgD/ ft okw tk;s/ Xosh s/ ukdo ftSkT[Dk
nozG ehsk .
nkw p'b ukb ftZu ns/ fjzdh p'bh nB[;ko sK e'Jh Gh fe;/ B{ze'Jh ezw, fijk fe
soykDk, b[jkok, ebk iK ftZfdnk f;ykT[D tkb/ Bz{r[o{nkfynk iKdk j? . go id r[owfs dh

3a

pz;ktbh Bkwk d;K gks kjhnK ek feqs e/;o f;zx fSZpV, ;zgkde vka osB f;zx iZrh, gqek e g ikph :{Bhtof;Nh,
gfNnkbk .

r[owfs ;/XK - 7

r[owfs ;/XK - 8

rZb j[d
z h j? sK i' ftnesh fe;/ d/ fjod/ ftu frnkB dk gqek eoe/ ;b ihtB fiT{D dh
iku f;ykt/ T[j r[o{efjbkT[Adk j? .
pfbjkoh r[o nkgD/ fdT[jkVh ;d tko ..
fifB wkD; s/ d/ts/ ehJ/ eofs B bkrh tko ..
1.. wjbk 2..
..1
i/ ;T[ uzdk T[rtfj ;{oi uVfj jiko ..
J/s/ ukBD j'fdnK r[o fpB[ x'o n Xko .. (n r 462-463)
nfXnksfwe y/so ftu i/ B o wkohJ/, fgSb/ ;fwnK ftu e'Jh
y[dk dk g[Zso, e'Jh g? zpo ns/ e'Jh nkgD/ nkg B{z gowkswk efjbkT[D
tkbk nkfJnk . r[o{ gd r[o{ BkBe ;kfjp s'A fJbktk e/tb r[o{ r'oy BkE
ns/ zeokukohnk ih Bkb brkfJnk fwbdk j? .
i/ fJBQK wjK g[o K d/ b;/ s/ ihtB B{z tkuhJ/ sK r'oy BkE B/
sK gow/ o d/ n;{b s'A T[bN T[gd/ fdZsk fe kdh BjhA eotkDh,
fJ;soh dk ;zr BjhA eoBk, d[BhnK s'A T[gokw ofjDk j? . i/ ;koh d[BhnK
fJj n;{b ngDkn bt/ sK d' g[ sK ftZu wB[Zysk sw j' ikt/rh .
zeokukohnk ih, gow/ o dh pDkJh wkfJnk dh jh ;jh gqhGk k
dZ;D s'A n;woE oj/ ns/ Jhoyk dt?y ftZu c; e/ p'XhnK dk esb/nkw
eotk e/ p[ZX wZs dk fJ; d/ ftu'A ;ckfJnk eo fdZsk . sK s/ nfXnksfwe
y/so ftZu e/tb r[o{ BkBe d/t wjkoki jh r[o{ gdth d/ jZedko jB .
r[o{ ;kfjp s'A fgZS'A nZi sZe e'Jh Gh r[owfs s'A nZSh ihtB iku d/D
tkbk gqrN BjhA j'fJnk . j[D tkb/ ;ko/ ny"sh r[o{ r[owfs dh Beb eoe/
jh nkgDk vzr Ngk oj/ jB .
jT[w? d/ ozr ftZu ozrh ;Zsk (oki ;Zsk) ns/ wB[Zysk d/ fgnko
ftZu bpo/ ;fs (Xow) dk ed/ nkg;h w/b BjhA j'fJnk .
Grsk s? ;?;kohnk i'V[ ed/ B nkfJnk .. (n r 145
145)
fJ; bJh ;fs d/ nkr{nK B{z ;bhp s/ bNeDk fgnk, n rkoK s/
ubDk fgnk, sZsh sth s/ p?m e/ ;h; ftZu o/sk g[nkT[Dk fgnk . feq B
wjkoki B{z oEtkB pDBk fgnk ns/ j os w[jzwd ;kfjp ih B{z sbtko
u[ZeDh gJh . J/wBkpkd ftZu pkpo dh esb/nkw fto[ZX r[o{ BkBe d/t
wjkoki B/ T[; B{z ikpo efj e/ tzrkfonk . n"ozr /p dh [bwh sbtko dh
fgnk; r[o{ s/ pjkdo ;kfjp B/ p[MkJh ns/ d;w/ fgsk B/ nkgDk
;opz; tko e/ w b{w dh oZfynk ehsh . T[; fgS'A uko g[ sK r[o{ e/ kb;/
B/ n;fj s/ nefj e N ;jko e/ [bw ns/ kbw dk Bk ehsk .

fJ; e;tZNh s/ i/ nZi d/ Xow d/ nkr{nK ns/ ny"sh d/j Xkoh r[on
{ K B{zi/ goyhJ/ sK
x'o fBok k gZb/ g?Adh j? . fJzdok rKXh dh n?woi?A;h t/b/ wB[Zyh nfXekoK dk xkD j'fJnk,
fgSb/ 20 ;kbK s'A wB[Zysk dk esb/nkw j' fojk j? pZu/:shw j' rJ/, nDfrDs ;[jkrDK d/
;[jkr s/ gs b[ZNh rJh . feZE/ B/ fJj d/jXkoh irs r[o{ < eh feodko j? fJBQK dk< e'Jh j?
i' pkp/ tKr pkpo B{z ikpo efj e/ tzrko/ ns/ esb/nkw pzd eokt/ <
f;ZyhG/;Xkoe/nkgD/fJeZmKftZur[o{pkDhgVQe/,nkwf;Zy;zrsB{zGowkT[DbJh
f;Zyh n;{bK ns/ wfonkdk dh BebK bk e/ kb;k g E dhnK iVQK ftZu s/b d/D tkb/ fJBQK
ny"sh g{oB wjK g[o K, g{oB pqjw frnkBhnK ns/ ny"sh d/j Xkoh r[on
{ K dh eh wikb j? fe
nkgD/ wkbeK d/ pof bk e'Jh nktk eZYD .
;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp p'bd/ jB L
nkofEe, gqwkofEe, ;wkfie, okiBhfse, ;ohfoe nfijk fejVk
w;bk j? fi; pko/ ;/X ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp s'A BjhA fwbdh . nZi i' G[b/y/
ihtB iku bJh ;kv/ wBK ftZu gJ/ j'J/ jB . r[o{ ;kfjp d/ t/b/ Gh nkw
f;ZyK ftZu ;h . T[j ;ko/, nkgDh wkBf;e d k nB[;ko r[o{ ;kfjp e'b
sebhK oyd/ oj/ ns/ r[o{ ;kfjp T[BQK dk T[Zso fdzd/ oj/ . i' r[o{ ;kfjp B/
pkDh ftZu doi ehs/ jB . fes/ fes/ pj[s ft;sko Bkb w;b/ jZb ehs/
jB ns/ fes/ f;ZX/ ;[nkb i[nkp d/ o{g ftZu ;kohnK rZbK dk fBoDk
ehsk j? . fijk fe L
;tkb L c/fo fe nr? oyhn? fis[ fd;? dopko[ ..
w[j" fe p'bD[ p'bhn? fis[ ;[fD Xo/ fgnko[ .. (ig[ ih gT[Vh 4 )
T[ZsoL n fwqs t/bk ;u[ BkT[ tfvnkJh thuko[ .. (ig[ ih gT[Vh 4)
;tkb L etB ;zi'r fwbT[ gqG ngB/ ..
T[Zso L gb[ gb[ fBwy ;dk jfo igB/ .. (n r 806
806)
;tkb L fet ;funkok j'Jhn? fet e{V? s[N? gkfb .. (ig[ ih gT[Vh 1 )
T[Zso L j[efw oikJh ubDk BkBe fbfynk Bkfb .. ((ig[ ih gT[Vh 1 )
;tkb L etD[ ;[ nyo[ etD[ r[D[ etD[ ;[ wDhnk w s[ ..
etD[ ;[ t/;' jT[ eoh fis[ tf; nkt? ezs[ .. (n r 1384
1384)
T[Zso L fBtD[ ;[ nyo[ ytD[ r[D[ fijpk wDhnk w s[ ..
J/ sq? G?D/ t/; efo sK tf; nkth ezs[ .. (n r 1384
1384)
nkgD/ ;e/ gZ[soK s'A tZX fgnko, r[o{, pkDh okjhA nkgD/ f;ZyK B{z eodk j?
ns/ rZbK eo e/ ;wMkT[Adk j? .
nkfJ fwb[ r[of;y nkfJ fwb[ s{ w/o/ r[o{ e/ fgnko/ ..

r[owfs ;/XK - 10

r[owfs ;/XK - 9

i' r[ow[fy Bkw[ fXnkfJd/ fsB do;B[ dhi? ..

jw fsB e/ uoB gykbd/ X{fV x'fb x'fb ghi? .. (n r 72526
26)
;Zu/ fgsk tKr nkgD/ r[of;Zy g[ZsoK B{z frnkB fdzdk j? ns/ T[gd/ fdzdk
j? L
J/j[ e[Nzp[ s{ fi d/ydk ub? Bkjh s/o/ Bkb/ ..
;kfE s/o? ub? Bkjh fs;[ Bkfb feT[ fus[ bkJhn? ..
918)
n?;k ezw[ w[b/ B ehu? fis[ n fs gS'skJhn? .. (n r 918

r[of;y jfo p'bj[ w/o/ GkJh ..

165)
jfo p'bs ;G gkg bfj ikJh .. (n r 165
ed/ nkgD/ r[o f;Zy gZ[soK B{z pZfunK tKr bkbu d/ e/ Grsh wkor s/
bkT[Adk j? Li' i' eE? ;[B? jfo ehosB[ sk eh d[owfs Bk; ..
1300)
;rb wB'oE gkt? BkBe g{oB j't? nk; .. (n r 1300
ed/ voktk Gh fdzdk j? fe i/ w/oh rZb BjhA w B/rk iwK dh wko gt/rh ns/
i/ w/oh rZb w B/rk iw s/o/ dk; pD ikDr/ L
fdB;[ o?fB jfo ehosB[ rkJhn? ..
386)
;' iB[ iw eh tkN B gkJhn? .. (n r 386
tkj[ tkj[ r[of;y fBs ;G eoj[ r[o g{o/ tkj[ tkj[ Gkt? ..
BkBe tkj[ tkj[ i' wfB fufs eo/ fs;[ iwezeo[ B/fV B nkt? ..
515)
(n r 515
fco id r[o{ d/ydk j? fe g{opb/ eowK dk e'Jh r/V ftxB gk fojk j? sK
gow/ o nZr/ nodk; eoB dh iKu d;dk j? L
jfo uoB ;oB r'fpzd d[y GziBk dk; ng[B/ eT[ Bkw[ d/tj[ ..
fdq;fN gqG Xkoj[ feqgk efo skoj[ G[ik rfj e{g s/ ekfY b/tj[ ..
683)
(n r 683
n s ftZu id d/ydk j? fe f;Zy e'Jh rZb w BD B{z fsnko jh BjhA
sK fco nkgD/ r[of;Zy g[Zso B{z ;Zuk fgsk j'D dk tk;sk gk e/ efjzdk j?,
w?A s/ok fgsk jK nkgD/ fgsk dh p/Bsh jh w B b? L
eoT[ p/Bzsh ;[Dj[ w/o/ whsk ;zs Njb eh p/bk ..
13)
Jhjk ykfN ubj[ jfo bkjk nkr? p;B[ ;[j/bk .. (n r 13

r[o{ sK nkgD/ r[of;Zy g[Zso Bkb fdB oks rZbK eoB bJh fsnko j? e'Jh
eoB tkbk sK j't/ . e'Jh r[o{ B{z jk o ikD r[o{ dh r'd ftu p?m e/ pkDh
gVQB tkbk sK j't/ <
nkfd ekb s'A r[o{ e/ f;Zy r[o{ Bkb rZbK eod/ nkJ/ jB. rZbK
ehshnK jB pkpk Bzd f;zx ih B/, ;zs Jh o f;zx ih, pkpk joBkw f;zx ih
okwg[o y/V/ tkfbnK B/, ;zs nso f;zx ih B/ GkJh tho f;zx ns/ GkJh
oDXho f;zx ;ko/ rZbK eo eo e/ r[o{ dk o{g j' rJ/ .
go jK, ;kvh eZNh B{z w'e bZrh j? pkpk ih eh dJhJ/ < ;kvh wZM
joh BjhA j[zdh, n?seh ihoh phihJ/ iK fJZy iK fJ; tko t'N fe; B{z gkJhJ/
, nfijhnK rZbK eoB dh Bk r[o{ B{z Bk b'V j? ns/ B jh r[o{ e'b ftjb
j? . nfijhnK rZbK d/jXkoh pkfpnK B{z 'GdhnK jB .
;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp d/ rZbK eoB d/ fJfsjkf;e gqwkD Lpzd/ pjkdo dh jhdh fgS'A id pzdJh kb;/ ns/ sZs kb;/ dk
py/Vk g? frnk, GkJh wBh f;zx ns/ j'o f;nkfDnK B/ d'jK fXoK dhnK
gouhnK jfow do ;kfjp jfo eh gT[Vh s/ gk e/ nodk; ehsh ;u/ gks kj
nkgDk ?;bk dZ;' ih . gfjbK d'B'A gouhnK v[Zp rJhnK. fco sZs
kb;/ tkbh gouh T[Zgo nkJh. r[o{ wjkoki B/ fBoDk ehsk fe gfjbK
d'B'A xkN/ ftZu ofjDr/ e[M ;w/A fgS'A sZs kb;k pbh j' e/ gqrN/rk . (g E
gqek feqs osB f;zx Gzr{)4
{ ko/ t/b/ id seohpB ukbh j ko f;Zy jhd j' rJ/ . kw
1762 ftZu tZv/ xZbx
z bJh
B{zpoBkb/ fJeZm/j' e/ ;' do[ d/ dhtkB ftZu g E B/ nodk; ehsh j/ ebrhnK tkfbnk rqE
z bJh g E oZy b?
/ k fJ; bJh rqE
z e"D gVQr
g E pDkfJnk ;h . i/ g E jh BjhA oj/rk sK rqE
.

g E eh oy' sT{ rqzE eh oj?rh BkE .

okyT[ i' B g E eh sT[ rqzE eT[B wkB?rk . 5
d;w/ fgsk B/ fco B/V/ j' e/ ;[D bJh n?;h ebk toskJh fJZe
;kb d/ n do jh g E B/ bkj"o s/ Xktk eoe/ sfj gkJh .
f;zx ;Gk bfjo t/b/, jfow do ;kfjp n do g[ikohnK B/ id
(3)
gZSVhnK q/DhnK ftu'A ;i/ f;zxK dk gq kfd s/ uVQktk b?D s'A fJBeko eo
fdZsk, kb;k ekbi d/ pZu/, gq'?;o ns/ j'o w[yh ;ZiD gq kfd b? e/ f;zxK
;w/s jfow do ;kfjp nkJ/ . g[ikohnK B/ fJBeko eoB s/ seoko tZX
4a

z e ew/Nh, n fwqs;o .
;qh r[o{ g E gqek feqs osB f; x Gzr{ gqek e a'q gqpX

r[owfs ;/XK - 11

r[owfs ;/XK - 12

frnk . ;
? bk j'fJnk fe ;qh r[o{ rqE
z ;kfjp dk j[ew fbnk ikt/rk . T[; s/ jh ;
? bk j't/
rk . r[o{ wjkoki B/ p ehsh [owkB ;hl
Bhu ikfs jfo igfsnk T[sw gdth gkfJ ..
g{Sj[ fpdo dk;h ;[s? fe;B[ T[sfonk xfo fi;[ ikfJ ..
(n r 733
733)
g[ikoh dopko ;kfjp kbh eo rJ/ ns/ fJ; soQK jfow do ;kfjp dh ;/tk
;zGkb f;zxK jZE nkJh .
1984 ftu pfbT{ ;Nko T[go/ B fgZS'A id gfjbk gqek ;qh r[o{
rqzE ;kfjp dk j'fJnk sK w[y tke ;h L
Grsk dh ;dk s{ oydk jfo ihT[
X[fo s{ oydk nkfJnk ..
gqfjbkd iB s[X[ okfy bJ/ jfo ihT[ joDky;[ wkfo gukfJnk..
r[ow[yk B' goshfs j? jfo ihT[ wBw[y Gofw G[bkfJnk .. 1..
jfo ih J/j s/oh tfvnkJh ..
Grsk eh g?i oy[ s{ ;[nkwh Grs s/oh ;oDkJh ..
(n r 637-38
637-38)
wjK tke ;[D e/ r[o{ d/ oXktkB f;ZyK B{z :ehB nk frnk fe
j[D joDky Dh dk n s nk frnk j? . S/ wjhB/ ftZu jh joDky Dh BoeK
B{z ubh rJh . ibdh jh T[; dk ioB?b ubk frnk .
fJZe ;Zuh tkosk L
1955-56 ftZu gfNnkb/ bhbQk GtB e'b jo o' dhtkB ;id/ ;B ns/ ;zs Jh o
f;zx ih okVk ;kfjp tkb/ jo o' ehosB eod/ j[d
z / ;B. ;odko dbhg f;zx ih ShBk i' g?g;{
u'A nkJhaiha g[fb; foNkfJo j'J/;B, 22 Bzpo ckNe s/ eoBb oxpho f;zx dh e'mh d/ Bkb jh
T[BKQ dh e'mh ;h, w/o/fgsk ih Bkb ;oft; ftZu fJeZm/ofjD eoe/ ;kv/ xo tor/ ;zpX
z ;B ns/
gfjbK ;zsK e'b nkT[Ad/iKd/ ofjzd/;B. fJZe fdB w?A T[BKQ B{zfejk fe ;zs pj[s nZSk ehosB
eod/ jB s[;hA Gh uZb'. efjD bZr/ekek s{zikfJnk eo w/ok fJZE/jh ;o iKdk j? .
sh;o/ fdB w?A fco ik e/ ;zsK dk ehosB ;[DB bJh fejk . T[BKQ B/ fco T[Zso fdZsk
ekek s{zik e/ ;[D b? w?A tZv/;zsK dh ;zrs eodk jK. w?Bz {rZb ;wM Bk nkJh . rZb ;gZ N eoB
bJh T[BKQ u[pko/ tZb fJ kok ehsk ns/ fejk ;G s'A tZv/ ;zs (;qh r[o{ rqE
z ;kfjp) T[E/ jB . w/
ok fJZE/ jh ;o iKdk j? . j'o rZb ;gZ N eoB bJh T[BKQ j/m fbyh jZv phsh ;[DkJh.
fJe fdB w?A ;qh r[o{ rqE
z ;kfjp s'A gkm eo fojk ;h fe e[ZM pd n?;/ nkJ/ fi; s'A

wB ftu Gow g?dk j't/fe d/jXkoh r[o{dh b'V j? . wB dk Gow d{o eoB bJh w?A r[o{wjkoki
s/ o[wkbk d/ e/ nodk; ehsh ns/ w[V gkm eoB bZr fgnk .
E'VhQ d/o fgS'A w/o/f;o ftZu dod o[ { j' frnk ns/ tXdk frnk go pkDh dk nBzd
Gh tXdk frnk. fJZe t/o fJ; soQK bZrk fe dod Bkb f;o cZN ikt/rk . go pkDh d/ o; ekoB
w?A gkm Gh SZv Bk ;eK .
fco E'Vh d/o fgZS'A w?A wfj;{; ehsk fe fi; soQK ;bkfJfvzr ftzv'
s'A gVdk jNkJhdk j? fe;/ B/ w/o/ wZE/ nZfrU nfijk eo fdZsk . T[; fgS'A
w?B{z d{o fJZe o' Bh B o nkJh i' dhtko d/ ftZu dh w?B{z B o nk ojh ;h.
j"bh j"bh T[j o' Bh w/o/ B/V/ nkT[Adh rJh . n s B{z w?A d/fynk fe
T[j o' Bh ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp j? ns/ ;o{g u[pko/ ftZu nk frnk . e'Jh
nkdwh Bkb BjhA go nkgD/ nkg u"o T[; Bt/A nkJ/ ;o{g s/ j' fojk ;h .
n?;h gow/ o dh y/v tosh fe w/ok ;oho gfjb/ s'A fpokiwkB ;o{g d/
sknp/ j? ns/ {y w ;oho Bkb w?A BthA nkJh ;tkoh B{z Bw;eko ehsh ns/
sfj p[bkJh, nodk; ehsh ns/ j[ewBkwk fbnk . (i' T[j w/o/ e'b'A S[gk
rJ/) fJ; fgS'A w?B{z g{ok :ehB nk frnk fe ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp d/ s[b e'Jh
;zs BjhA . ;' w?A j[D ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp dh N/e geVh j? . j[D j'o fes/ ikD
dh fJZSk jh BjhA T[gidh .
fJ;/ soQK pkpk joBkw f;zx ih okwg[o y/V/tkfbnK d/ ihtB, i' ;/ feB/fjnk feskp
ftu doi j?, gVQB s'A gsk ubdk j? fe id Gh e'Jh w;bk yVQk j'fJnk pkpk ih B/ ;qh r[o{rqE
z
;kfjp wjkoki d/ ewo/ ftZu ik e/ nodk; ehsh ns/ kjok s"o s/ r[o{;kfjp Bkb rZbK eoe/
fB k g{oh ehsh .
id GkJh oDXho f;zx ih nkgDh i/bQ:ksok g{oh eoB fgS'A fojk j' fe fg v Bkozr
tkb gj[u
z / fg v tkfbnK B/ nB/e soQK Bkb [ hnK wBkJhnK . ny v gkm dh ;wkgsh fgS'A
dhtkB dh ;wkgsh s/ nodk; ehsh ns/ j[ewBkwk fbnk frnk . r[o{;kfjp B/ gqsZy j' e/ n;h;
fdZsh.
6
fifB s[w G/i/ fsBfj p[bkJ/ ;[y ;ji ;/sh xfo nkT[ ..
nBd w rb r[B rkT[ ;ji X[fB fBjub oki[ ewkT[ ..
1..
..1
s[w xfo nktj[ w/o/ whs ..
s[wo/ d'yh jfo nkfg fBtko/ ngdk GJh fpshs .. ojkT[ ..
gqrN ehB/ gqG eoB/jko/ Bk;B GkiB Eke/ ..
xfo w rb tkifj fBs tki/ ng[B? y;fw fBtki/ ..
2 ..
..2
n;fEo ojj[ v'bj[ ws epj{ r[o e? pufB nXkfo ..

5a

;qh r[o{ g E gqek .

r[owfs ;/XK - 13

r[owfs ;/XK - 14

i? i? eko[ ;rb G{ w vb w[y T{ib dopko ..

3..
..3
fiB e/ ihn fsB? jh c/o/ nkg/ GfJnk ;jkJh ..
nuoi[ ehnk eoB?jko? BkBe ;u[ tfvnkJh ..
678)
..4
4 .. (n r 678
n?;hnK j'o nDfrDs fw;kbK fwb ;edhnK jB . fiE/ r[o{ dh
kjok ebk gqrN j'Jh j? .
d[BhnK dhnK ;kohnK wjkB j;shnK, okw feq B ih, p[X ih,
j os Jh;k ih, j os w[jzwd ;kfjp iK r[o{ BkBe d/t wjkoki nkgD/
nkgD/ ;w/A ;z;ko s/ ;{oi tKr uwe/ ns/ fJBQK dk ;wekbh e'Jh j'o
ftnesh T[; gqG[sk dk wkbe fJfsjk; ftZu B o BjhA nkT[Adk . go
nZi irQk irQk nkgD/ nkg B{z g{oB pqjw frnkBh s/ r[o{ ejkT[D tkfbnK
dh fJZe w vh bZrh j'Jh j? ns/ ;G fJe d{;o/ s'A tZX gdth dk wkbe j'D
dk dkntk eod/ jB . ;G e[ZM d/y e/ ejkts :kd nkT[Adh j? .
w?A ehjdh uoBh bZrK r[o{nK d/ tZr fcod/ .
go jK ! fJe rZb pV/ Go';/ Bkb ejh ik ;edh j? fe i' gdth ns/ wkD
;fseko ;qh r[o{rqE
z ;kfjp B{zgqkgs j? ;z;ko ftu j'o fe;/ Xow rqE
z B{znZi sZe BjhA fwb ;eh
.
fiE/ r[o{ BkBe d/t wjkoki dh fdr fti? dk toBD GkJh
r[odk; ih fJ; soQK eod/ jB .
Xoh Bh;kBh eT[f; dh we/ n dfo g{i eokJh .
fiE/ ikfJ irfs ftfu pkp/ pkM[ B ykbh ikJh .
xfo xfo pkpk g{ihn? fjzd{ w[;bwkB r[nkJh .
Sg/ Bkfj SgkfJnk ufVnk ;{oi[ ir[ o[;BkJh .
p[fenk f;zx T[ikV ftfu ;fG fworktfb GzBh ikJh .
ufVnk uzd[ B b[eJh efY e[Bkbh i'fs SgkJh .
T[rtDj[ s/ nkEtD' BT[ y v fgqEwh ;G M[ekJh .
34
ifr n dfo e[dofs toskJh . (tko 1 /34
34)
T[;/ soQK d[BhnK dk f;nkD/ s'A f;nkDk e'Jh Gh wB[Zy i' fB egN j' e/
pkDh gVQdk j?, ukj/ T[j B'pb g[o;eko fti/sk, okfpzdo BkE N?r'o ih ;B
iK fw; gob n?;a pZe ns/ fwL NkfJBph, B/ fJ; dk nfXn?B ehsk . ;G B/
pkDh dk ;fseko ehsk ns/ f;sK ehshnK jB . ns/ :{an?BaUa gZXo s/
r[opkDh B{z gqtkB eo e/ j'o p'bhnK ftZu nB[tkd ehsk ik fojk j? .

;qh r[o{noiB d/t wjkoki ;qh r[o{rqE

z ;kfjp pko/ fJzM nkyd/ jB L
osBk osB gdkoE pj[ ;kro[ Gfonk okw ..
pkDh r[opkDh bkr/ fsB~ jfE ufVnk okw ..
r[opkDh bkr/ fsB~ jfE ufVnk fBow'be[ osB[ ngkok ..
jfo jfo Bkw[ ns'be[ gkfJnk s/oh Grfs Go/ Gzvkok ..
(n r 442
442)
nkU, ihtB ;bk eoB bJh ;ko/ jh, ;ohoK s'A jZN e/ pkDh Bkb
i[VhJ/, ;kfjp ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp B{z ;fseko ;fjs Bw;eko eoe/ nkgD/
nkg B{z r[o{ dh j {oh ftu ikD e/ fJe wB j' r[opkDh dk o; wkDhJ/ .
nkfrnk GJh nekb eh sp? ubk:' g E .
;p f;yB e' j[ew j? r[o{ wkB:' rqzE .
r[o{ rqzE e' wkB:' gqrN r[oK eh d/fj .
i' gq G e' fwbp' uj? y' i pd w? A b/ j .

6a

i/bQ fuZmhnK ;zgkde frnkBh Bkjo f; x, gqek e GkJh oDXho f; x Nq;N b[fXnkDk .

tkfjr[ o { ih ek kb;k ..
tkfjr[ o { ih eh f sj ...

r[owfs ;/XK - 16

pkDh r[o{ r[o{ j? pkDh

kw t/b/ w?A nkgD/ dso d/ ezw ftZu o[fMnk j'fJnk ;h fe fJZe uzrh B[jko tkb/
p o[ r, u{Vhdko gikwk, fuZNh ewh , fuZNh d;sko s/ jZE ftZu SVh, ;kv/ dso d/ pkjo nk
e/ p?m rJ/ s/ fJZe d' tko fJ; soQK w/o/tZb sZfenk fit/A w/o/Bkb e'Jh k; rZb eoBk ukj[d
z / j'D
. nkgD/ ezw s'A ftjbk j' e/ w?A T[BKQ B{z;fseko Bkb r[os
fj p[bk e/ T[BKQ d/ nkT[D dk gq:i
' B
s/ ;/tk g[ZSh . T[Zso ftZu T[BKQ B/ efjnk, w?A nukBe jh kw gJh ikD e/ ;?o eoB bJh fJXo
fBefbnk ;h fe s[jkv/ tZbA' e[ZM fyZu g?D s/ w?A fJE/ p?m frnk . fJ; nozGe ikD gSkD Bkb
;kvh go;go rZb-pks o[ { j' rJh i' fe gkmeK d/ ftuko bJh g/ ehsh iKdh j? .
p [or L s[;hA fJZE/ fe; fvT{Nh s/ bZr/ j'J/ j' <
w?A
L w?A-w?A fJZE/aaaaaaaaabZrk j'fJnk jK .
p [ o r L s[;hA ekh f zw/tkoh tkbh irQk ezw eo oj/ j' . s[jkvk w[Zy
fJzihBhno w/ok nZSh soQK tkeeko j?, e'Jh ezw j't/, dZ;Dk.
w?A
L s[jkvh pVh fwjopkBh j? . fbjkb w?B{z fJE/ e'Jh sebh BjhA,
e'Jh ezw j'fJnk sK o{o nkg B{z y/ub d/tKrk .
p [ o r L s[;hA feE'A d/ ofjD tkb/ j' <
w?A
L B"eoh g/ k wB[Zy dk e'Jh gZek fNekDk BjhA j[zdk . go w/o/ wksk
fgsk dh fojkfJ gfNnkb/ j? ns/ w/ok pugB f nkdk T[E/ jh
phfsnk j? .
p [ o r L w?A Gh gfNnkb/ dk jh ofjD tkbk jK . /oK tkb/ dotk / w/o/
g[soK dk 'N' rb?wo ;N{vhU j? . w?A gfjbK "i ftu e?gNB
;K, fco B"eoh SZv fdZsh .
T[gozs gfNnkb/ fjo d/ e[M n?;/ Bkwto ;ZiDK d/ T[BQK Bkw
bJ/, fiBQK B{z w?A fBZih s"o s/ th ikDdk ;h .
w?A
L fiBQK ;ZiDK d/ s[;hA Bkw b? oj/ j', fJBQK B{z sK w?A nZSh soQK
ikDdk jK . fJj w/o/ fgsk ih d/ nZS/ fwZso jB ns/ ;kv/ xo
ftu fJBQK dk yk;k nkT[Dk ikDk j? . go nkgD/ xo ftZu
s[jkv/ BkT[A dk w?A ed/ f eo BjhA ;[fDnk .
p [or L ih rZb fJj j? fe w?A fBozekoh fw B dk gqukoe jK . eJh b'e ;kB{z nZSk BjhA
;wMd/ s/ eZNV Xkofwe fynkbK d/ nkdwh sK ;kv/ Bkb Bos eod/ jB . fJ;

w?A
p [or

L
L

w?A

p [or

w?A

p [or
w?A

L
L

p [or

bJh ;kvk w/b-fwbkg ;hws jh j? .

fBozekoh fw B d/ gqukoe B{zfxqDk eoB tkbk w/oh iku/ e'Jh w{oy jh j'tr
/ k.
w?A nkgDh ekh T[wo sZe r[opkDh gVQdk fojk jK, r[o{rqE
z ;kfjp B{zwZE/N/edk
fojk jK, gkm Gh ehs/, ehosB Gh ;[fDnk s/ ehsk, go w/ok e[M th Bk ;tfonk.
fco uzr/GkrK B{zw?A pkpk ntsko f;zx dh oB g? frnk. T[BKQ B/ w?Bz {fBozeko dk
frnkB fdZsk s/ w?Bz ;kfynks
{
gowkswk d/ do B eotk fdZs/. Ud'A s'A jh w?A fJ;
fBozekoh fw B dk gqukoe pD frnk jK. nZi eZbQ;kv/ tZv/pkpk r[opuB
f;zx jB, i' ;zrsK B{zfrnkB fdzd/jB . r[o{pkDh Gh sK tko tko ;zsK d/ uoB
geVB bJh jh T[gd/ d/ ojh j? .
s[jkvh rZb w?Bz e[
{ ZM iuh BjhA . s[jkvk fBih siopk e'Jh ;koh d[BhnK bJh wkg
dzv BjhA pD ;edk . ;qh r[o{r'fpzd f;zx wjkoki d/ i'sh i'fs ;wkT[D t/b/s'A
j[D se, ;?AeV/ j koK BjhA, bZyK jh nfij/ sZs-t/sk, r[ow[y wjKg[o j'J/jB
fiBQK dk r[o{o{g r[opkDh d/ bV bZfrnK ;G e[ZM ;to frnk j? .
pj[s fgSbh rZb Bk Gh eohJ/, fJ; ;dh ftZu jh nB/e wjK g[o K, fit/A ;qhwkB
;zsnsof;zxihw;s{nkDk,GkJh;kfjpGkJhoDXhof;zxihBkozrtkb,pkpk
Bzd f;zx ih eb/oK, frnkBh ;[d
z o f;zx ih fGzvoK nkfd B/ e/tb r[o{pkDh d/ bV
br e/ jh pqjw frnkB gqkgs ehsk s/ nksfwe T[usk dh Nh;h s/ gj[u
z e/
ft;wkdh nksw-ozr wkDd/ oj/ .
ih fJBQK dh rZb SZv', s[jkvh T[wo S'Nh j? . go w?A f zdrh dk
ekh ;wK fJBQK e'b r[ kfonk j?. ;zs nso f;zx ih e/tb g/
Av{ nBgVQ b'eK B{z jh fgS/ bk ;ed/ ;h, GkJh oDXho ih fBo/
eow eKvh ;B, GkJh tho f;zx e/tb fbykoh ;h . n;b rZb
fJj j? fe i' b'e Xkofwe oj[-ohs d/ pzXBK ftZu c;/ j'J/jB, T[j gowkswk B{zgk
jh BjhA ;ed/ . feT[Afe T[; fBozeko dk nkgDk e'Jh Xow BjhA j? .
s[;hA fco fJT[A feT[A BjhA efjzd/fe wK d/ g/N ftZuA' g?dk j'fJnk wB[Zy oZp B{zgk BjhA
;edk, feT[Afe oZp fe;/ dh e[Zy ftZuA' BjhA izfwnk . fco ;wrboK s/ u'oK dk e'Jh
Xow BjhA j[d
z k, Bk jh o{; tkb/ fe;/ Xow d/ nfBnkJh jB . s[jkv/ efjD
nB[;ko fJj ;G pqjw-frnkBh j'D/ukjhd/ jB .
fJj feE/ fbfynk j'fJnk j? fe r[o{ rqE
z ;kfjp jh r[o{ j? <
o' r[od[nkfonK ftu gVQd/ jK nkfrnk GJh nekb eh sph
ubkfJU g E . ;G f;yB e' j[ew j? r[o{ wkfBU rqzE .
fJj sK nekbhnK B/ ;b'e xV fbnk j? .

r[owfs ;/XK - 17

w?A

r[owfs ;/XK - 18

L r[o{pkDh dhnK j/mbhnK s[eK s/ j'o nB/eKo[ wkB do;k oj/ jB ;fsr[o puB puB j? ;fsr[o
gkXo[ w[efs iBkt?r' ..
5 .. n r 1309 ..
..5

gtB nozG[ ;fsr[o wfs t/bk ..

;pd[ r[o{ ;[ofs X[fB u/bkaaaaaa..
44
.. n r 943 ..
kaaaaaa..44
44..

p [or

w?A

p [or

w?A

p [or

w?A

p [or
w?A

L
L

pkDh r[o{ r[o{ j? pkDh ftfu pkDh n fwqs[ ;ko/ ..

r[o[ pkDh ej? ;/te[ iB[ wkB? gosfy r[o{ fB;sko/ ..
5..
..5
n r 942 ..
d/y' ;k fbfynk j'fJnk j? gosfy r[o{ fB;sko/ , Gkt gosZy
d/jXkoh r[o{ jh fB;skok eo ;edk j? .
gfjbK sK i/ s[jkvk noE jh ;jh w B bJhJ/ sK fJj fes/ BjhA
fbfynk j'fJnk fe pkpk ntsko f;zx, iK pkpk r[opuB f;zx
jh gosZy r[o{ j? . i/ fJj' noE bJhJ/ sK fJj fJ kok r[o{
okwdk; wjkoki dk e/tb ;qh r[o{ nwodk; wjkoki pko/ j'
;edk j?, Bk fe s[jkv/ fBozekoh pkfpnK bJh. go ;jh noE
fJE/ r[opkDh ftnkeoD nB[;ko y B{z f;jkoh j'D eoe/ gosZy
j' e/ brdk j?, Gkt i' f;Zy-;/te r[o{ pkDh d/ ej/ nB[;ko
ub/rk, r[o{ i'fs, r[opkDh okjhA gosZy j' e/ f;Zy dk fB;skok
eo/rh .
eh s[;hA dZ; ;ed/ j' fe id ;qh r[o{r'fpzd f;zx ih B/ ;oho fsnkfrnk, T[; t/b/
r[o{ rqE
z ;kfjp dk ;o{g T[E/ ;h <
fJfsjk; fJ; rZb dh g[ Nh eodk j? . dwdw/ ;kfjp r[o{ eK h
fty/, ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;kfjp B/ ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ;kfjp
dh pkDh doi eo e/ phV ;zg{oB ehsh . nB/eK T[sko/ f;ZyK B/
ehs/ ns/ Bzd/V ikD t/b/ r[o{ ;kfjp Bkb b? e/ rJ/ .
e'Jh m'; fJfsjk;eko gqwkD d/ ;ed/ j' fi; s'A fJj rZb ;kps
j' ;e/ <
fe;/ f;Zy dk iK ?o-f;Zy dk, fe;/ Gkosh dk iK ftd/ h dk <
fi; dk s[;hA ej', T[;/ dk gqwkD jk o j? .
s[;hA fe;/ dk d/t' .
ftd/ h nkdwh dk fBob/g j'D ekoB s[jkvh f nkdk s;Zbh

p [or

w?A

p [or

w?A

1a

eo/rk . w[ b pkd kj o [ ;hno d/ dopko ftu Jh;N fJzvhnk ezgBh d/

g[bhNheb J/iN
z fwL n?bfB
z ;NB ;h, fi; B/ pzd/ pjkdo dh jhdh d/ nZyhA
fvZm/ jkb fby e/ ebeZs/ ezgBh d/ j?Zv nkf; G/i/ ;B . T[j fbydk j? fe r[o{
r'fpzd f;zx s'A fgZSA' kb;k g E ftZu e'Jh d/jXkoh r[o{ BjhA j? . ;qh r[o{ ih B/
nkgDh nksfwe esh Xkofwe g[;se (;qh r[o{rqE
z ;kfjp) ftZu ;w' fdZsh s/
1
;ohfoe esh kb;k g E okjhA gqrN ehsh j? . fJjh rZb ebrhXo wjkoki
d/ pd s'A gqrN j? .
ngBg' ;qh ykb;/ dhBk, d[fs:k o{g ;fsr[o{ rqzEk ..
r[BkBtkd g[fB f;cfs ;bkjfB T{mfs p?mfs ;?B eozEk ..
gktB g E ykb;k gqrfN:' uko toD nk qw ;[G g Ek ..
fJB e' do; ;fsr[o{ e' do;B[ p'bB r[o{ ;pd r[o[ rqzEk ..
d`kfd; o{g ;fsr[o J/ ejh:s d`kfd; GkB[ gqrfN jfo ;zsk..
gqs:y ebk gkopqjw XDhS? rqzE g E ykb; toszsk ..
dk; r'fpzd cfsj ;fsr[o e' yk; rqzE r[o{ o{g pdzsk ..
(;op b'j rqzE)
s[jkB{z i/ BjhA gsk sK ;[D bt' . r[o{ BkBe d/t dk Gh r[o{ ;h,
fi; dk BkT[A ;zs o/D ;h . fJ;/ bJh T[BQK B/ gowkswk B{z p/Bsh
ehsh j?, ej[ BkBe ;zs o/B wkrT[ w/o' wB[ gkt? fp;qkw .
uzrk j[d
z k i/ s[;hA fJj gqwkD d/D s'A gfjbK r[o{pkDh dh ;NZvh eo b?Ad/. fJj
s[eK N'vh okr ftZu ;qh r[o{noiB d/t ih wjkoki dhnK jB, Bk fe ;qh r[o{BkBe
d/t wjkoki dhnK . pd o[ { j[d
z k j?, wkrT[ dkB[ mke[o Bkw . w/o/ f nkb
ftZu s[jkB{zr[o{pkDh dh e'Jh tkehns BjhA . s[;K gq:i
' B-f;ZXh bJh r[opkDh
dhnK eZM[ s[eK oNhnK j'JhnK jB, fi; d/ s[;hA nBoE eod/ j' . T[gobh s[e ftZu
r[o{ ;kfjp p/Bsh eo oj/ jB fe w?Bz{ ;zsK dh X{Vh (uoB X{V) py .' r[opkDh
ftnkeoD nB[;ko ;zs dk s w[esk j'D eoe/ pj[ tuB dk bykfJe j? . fJ;
bJh fe;/ fJZe ft / ftnesh bJh BjhA j?. ehs[;hAdZ;;ed/j'l s[jkvk pkfpnK
dk e'Jh BtK T[gd/ , frnkB iK ;z;ko-efbnkD bJh BtK wkor eh j? <
pkfpnK dk T[gd/ j? fe fBozekoh frnkB b? e/ nkdwh ;z;ko ftZu ofj e/ eko
ftjko eodk j'fJnk frqj;sh ihtB pshs eodk j'fJnk gow gd gk ;edk j? .
fJj T[gd/ gfjb'A jh f;Zy r[o{ ;kfjpkB B/ irs B{z fdZsk j? s/ j[D r[o{ pkDh
fdqVkQ ojh j? . fco s[jkv/ pkfpnK dh ;kB{z eh b'V j? <

An early European accounts of Sikhs By Dr. Ganda Singh

r[owfs ;/XK - 19

p [or
w?A

p [or

w?A

L f;Zyr[on
{ KB/fejVknkgD/gZfbUAe'JhBthArZbehshj?,T[BKQ B/GheZM[ fJ;bkw
ftu'A b?, eZM[ fjzd{Xow ftu'A b? e/ jh sK nkgDk BtK Xow yVk eo fbnk j? .
L j[D/j[D/s[;hA pj[s oXk Bkb r[o{;kfjp dk BkT[A b? oj/ ;h, go fJZe-dw s[jkvh
p'bh sb fe; soQK j' rJh < o? ! s[;hA nkgDh jo rZb dk T[Zso b? ;ed/ j'
.
f;Zy r[o{ ;kfjpkB B/ Bk fe;/ dh u'oh ehsh s/ Bk jh fe;/ e'b'A
w r e/ iK T[Xko b? e/ f;XKs fdZsk j? . T[BQK B/ jo uh ;z;ko
B{z Bt/A Yzr ftu g/ ehsh, go jo nZSh s/ ;jh rZb dk
;fseko ehsk.
r[o{ ;kfjp dh p h j'Jh kb;Jh ofjs pfjs, kb;Jh pkDk,
fB kB ;kfjp dk ozr s/ f;rBhnk, ;so s/ k;so dk ;[w/b,
;zrs s/ g rs, bzro dh wo:kdk, kb;kJh p'bk, kb;/ dk
r[ow sq, r[o{d[nko/ ns/ ;o'to (;qh n fwqs;o ih), ehosB s/ eEk, r[o{pkDh
dh ekft ebk, b
? h, pd-i'V, okr-pZX ;zebB, r[ow[yh fbgh, okr nk;k s/
j'o eJh okr, pd rkfJB dh ftXh (fijk fe gVskb), r[ow sq fdqVkQ T[D dk
Yzr (n fwqs ;zuko), ns/ eVkj gq kfd, ;G ftbZyD jB . fJ;/ soQK r[o{;kfjp
dk b
;k fJ;bkw iK fjzd{ Xow, fe;/ fJe iK d'jK dh Beb BjhA j?, pbfe
d'jK Bkb fwbdk i[bdk j'fJnk Gh ;z;ko B{z BthA ;/X d/ fojk j? .
fJj s[jkv/ pkfpnK dh jh y/v j? fe b?euoK ftZu ed/ r[o{pkDh dhnK s[eK ;[Dk
fdZshnK, ed/ rhsk dk b'el ns/ nkgD/ nkg B{zr[o{pDk fbnk .
nkfg B d/fj u[o{ Go gkBh ..
2 .. n r 332 ..
fsB fBzdfj fij rzrk nkBh ..
..2

w?A
p [or
w?A
p [or
w?A

L pkpk r[opuB f;zx ih e/tb rzrk jh BjhA, pbfe wkB ;o'to

jB, i' nZi-eZbQ n Xeko d/ ;w/A b'eK B{z frnkB p d/ jB s/
gowkswk d/ do B eotkT[Ad/ jB .
L nfij/ Yzv'ok fgND tkfbnK bJh pkDh dk [owkB j? eKfJ o/ pepkd[ bkfJU ..
fifB jfo gkfJU fsBfj SgkfJU ..
1.. n r 718
..
718..
..1

w?A
p [or

ej[ epho S{Sk xN[ p'b? ..

Gfonk j'fJ ;[ epj[ B v'b? .. n r 870 ..
p [or

r[owfs ;/XK - 20

L s[;hA nkg n wk e/ d/y bt' .

p [or
w?A
p [or
w?A

p [or

w?A
p [or
w?A

L eh s[;hA do B eo bJ/ jB <

L pkpk ih dh feogk j?, T[jBK B/ ;kfynks do B eotkJ/ .
L fBozeko d/ do B fJjBK ;E{b nZyK Bkb <
L jK ih ! s[;hA feZE/ GZ[b/ gJ/ U .
L fJj nkg dh cVQ s/ eg'b fefonk jh j? . fBozeko dk Gkt j?
T[j j;sh fi; dk e'Jh ;E{b neko BjhA . s/ fi; dk e'Jh
;E{b neko BjhA T[j fJjBK ;E{b nZyK d/ do B dk ft k
BjhA . fJ; nB[;ko sK nkg dh e{Vh mh; wBse s/ g{oh BjhA
T[sodh . b'eK B{z G[ubkT[D bJh Yetzi jh ikgdk j? .
L s[;hA b'e r[o{dh pDkT[Nh w{os dk fXnkB Xod/ j' . ;kv/ fBozekoh pkpk ih d/j
eoe/ gosZy ftuod/ jB .
L nZSk sK fco s[jkvk fBozeko, pkpk r[opuB f;zx jh j? .
L jK pkpk ih gosZy fBozeko jB . pkDh ftZu fbfynk j?r[o eh w{ofs wB wfj fXnkB[ ..
L r[opkDh dk T[gd/ fJT[A j? Lr[o eh w{ofs wB wfj fXnkB[ ..
r[o e? ;pfd w sq wB[ wkB ..
r[o e/ uoB fod? b? XkoT[ ..
1 .. n r 864 ..
r[o[ gkopqjw[ ;dk Bw;ekoT[ ..1
s[;hA fJBQK s[eK d/ eh noE ;wMd/ j' <
L ih noE sK f;ZX/ jh jB . r[o{ dh w{osh dk wB ftZu fXnkB
Xko' .
L ih fejVh w{osh dk <
L i/ r[o{ jk o j't/ sK r[o{ d/ ;oho dk, s/ jk o Bk j't/ sK iK
e' J h ' N ' nZr/ oZy bt', iK e/tb ;[ofs okjhA r[o{ d/ do B eo' .
L eh dZ; ;ed/ j' fJj pd fe; r[o{ ;kfjp dk j? <
L ih gsk BjhA .
L pd r"Av wL 5 ;qh r[o{ noiB d/t wjkoki dk j? . i/ s[jkv/
tkbh w{ofs d/ noE ;jh jz[d/ sK ;qh r[o{ noiB d/t wjkoki
r[o{ okwdk; wjkoki iK fe;/ j'o nkfd r[o{ ;kfjp dh w{osh
dopko ;kfjp ftZu oZyd/ . go ;qh r[o{ ih B/ n?;k BjhA ehsk,
pbfe r[o{ pkDh dk gqek ehsk s/ i' ;fseko nZi-eZbQ f;Zy

r[owfs ;/XK - 21

eo oj/ jB, fJ; s'A tZX ;fseko eo e/ ftykfJnk .

s[;hA uzr/ fBozekoh fw B d/ gqukoe j' ! T[go'A efjzd/ j' fe fJZe
fBozeko B{z g{i', go n do'A efjzd/ j' fe 'N'nK dk fXnkB Xo' .
'N' s/ p[Zs ftZu eh oe j? < ed/ s[;hA efjzd/ j' fe n;hA n;bh
noEK ftu r[o{ BkBe d/ fw B dk gquko eod/ jK, go r[o{
;kfjp B/ pko pko r[o{ pkDh okjhA p[Zs g{iD B{z p/noE df;nk j?
.
sKjh e' X:kB gqwkfB jhJ/
i' Ek np j? no[ nkr? T{ j?` j? ..
16
..
..16
16..
(gkL 10-33 ;t?:)/ d;w rqE
z .
nekb w{ofs fod? fXnkfJdk .. fdB[ o?fB ig Ekaaaaaa..
20
..
Ekaaaaaa..20
20..
(g Bk 1101
1101)

p [or

w?A
p [or

L
L

w?A

p [or

w?A

fjzd{ w{b/ G{b/ ny[Nh iKjh.. Bkofd efjnk f; g{i eoKjh..

n X/ r[zr/ n X n Xko[ .. gkEo[ b/ g{ifj w[rX rtko ..
Ufj ik nkfg v[p/ s[w ejk soDjko[ ..
2 .. (n r 556
556)
..2
?o nrbh s[e dk noE dZ;' .
nrbh s[e d/ noE jB r[o{ d/ pd B{z ;[D e/ w[rX wB w B
iKdk j?, Gkt t; ftZu nk iKdk j?.
fJ; s'A nrbh s[e dh Gh feogk eo' .
ih noE ;k jh jB r[o{ d/ uoBK dk fXnkB Xo', Gkt pj[s
f nkdk gq/w eo' .
fi; soQK gfjbK noE ehs/ jB T[;/ soQK ;k ;k noE eo' .
fjodk Sksh d/ n do j[zdk j? . r[opkDh dh s[e efj ojh j?,
r[o e/ uoB fod? b? XkoT[ .. eh s[;hA nkgfDnK pkfpnK d/
uoB w{ j okjhA fBrb e/ ed/ nkgD/ fjod/ T[go fNekJ/ jB <
iK oZy ;ed/ j' < iK t?;/ eh g?o cVQ e/ Sksh T[Zgo oy/ jB <
iK s[jkv/ pkpk ih nkgD/ ;/teK dh Sksh s/ g?o oZyd/ jB <
(fJZe-dw v"o G"o j' e/) fco s[;hA noE eo e/ dZ;', s[;hA eh
noE eo'r/ <
pqjw frnkBh s[;hA j', gowkswk d/ do B s[jkB{z j'J/ jB .
sq?ekb do;h s[;hA j' s/ noE s[;hA w/o/ e'b'A g[ZSd/ j' . w?A r[opkDh

r[owfs ;/XK - 22

d/ eh noE eoB/ jB s/ eh eo ;edk jK . r[o{pkDh d/ noE r[o{pkDh ftZu jh

b[gs jB . fJ;/ bJh fJj pkDh r[o{ j?, fe gqw
/ s/ oXk Bkb fizBk e'Jh fJ;
pkDh B{zgVQr
/ k, rkt/rk T[BK jh ukBD jk;b eo/rk . gfjbh s[e dh noEftnkfynk GkL r[odk; ih dh j/m fbyh g rsh s'A ;gZ N j? Lr[o w{ofs r[o ;pd[ j?
;kX;zrfs ftfu gorNh nkfJnk ..
(GkJh r[odk; ih, tko 24
24, gT[Vh 25
25)
;' r[o{ dh w{ofs r[o{ dk pd j?, fi; dk wB ftu fXnkB XkoB
dk T[gd/ j? . r[o-{ pd B{z ;[osh ftZu fNek b?Dk r[o{ w{ofs dk fXnkB eoBk
j? . r[o{ d/ pd d[nkok jh wB t; nkT[Adk j? . r[o{ pd jh r[o{ e/ uoB
nEtk ;w[Zuh r[o{j;sh j? s/ r[o{e/ uoB fjod/ ftu XkoB eoB s'A Gkt r[o-{ pd
B{zfjod/ ftu t;kT[D s'A j?, s/ fJj jh ;jh sohek j? r[o{B{zBw;eko eoB nEtk
r[o{d/ ;fseko eoB dk . r[otke fjod? uoD ;pd[ ;fsr[o e', BkBe pKfXU gkb ..
2..
7..
38
..
..2
..7
..38
38..
n r 680
..
680..
fJ; bJh nkgD/ fjod/ ftu r[o- pd okjhA gqG{ dh fwZmh
:kd t;ktK . sK s/ n?;/ frnkB d/Djko gkopqjw o{g r[o{ B{z
;fseko Bkb Bw;eko eohJ/ . gfjb'A fJj T[gd/ r[o{ ;kfjp
[d fdzd/ ;B, fJ; bJh ;zrs T[BQK B{z Bw;eko eodh ;h, j[D
T[jh frnkB ;fsr[o ih dh nkfd i[rkdh nkswe i'fs ;qh r[o{
rqzE ;kfjp s'A fwb fojk j?, fJ; bJh irs ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp
B{z Bw;eko eodk j? . Bk fJj p[Zs-g{ik j? s/ Bk jh feskpg{ik j? .
yohnK yohnK rZbK ;[D e/ p [or nkgD/ fw B ftu n;b j[zd/
ikD, Bok rh Go/ n dk ftZu ikD bZr/ ;B fe w?A fco o'e fbnk ns/ p/
Bsh ehsh fe fJ; t/b/ nB/eK wBub/ y[d-;k sk r[o{ pD/ j'J/ jB, feT[A
BjhA s[;hA nkgD/ pkfpnK B{z efjzd/ fe ;kfonK ny"sh r[o{nK dh fJe ;Gk
p[bk e/ nkg; ftu gfjbK ?;bk eo b?D fe fJjBK ;kfonK ftu'A fejVk
r[o{ j? ns/ i/ ;ko/ fJe d{;o/ s'A ;tk ;/o ejkT[D tkb/ j'tD sK xZN s'A xZN
e'Jh ;[bkjBkwk jh eo b?D fe fJ; wjhB/ iK fJ; js/ bkDk r[o{ j't/rk
ns/ nrb/ js/ iK wjhB/ cbkDk r[o{ w fBnk ikt/rk . sK i' iBsk B{z Gh
r[o{ Y{zvD ftZu y/ub Bk j't/ ns/ pkfpnK B{z Gh fJe js/ ftZu jh ;ko/

r[owfs ;/XK - 23

r[owfs ;/XK - 24

;kb dh nkwdB nk ikt/ s/ pkeh ;kok ;kb nkokw Bkb wk;, okp s/ j'o wB-GkT[AdhnK uh K
G'r ;eD . feT[Afe pkfpnK d/ T[gd/ nB[;ko fJBQK uh K dk wB Bkb e'Jh ;zpX
z BjhA j?.
gkme ih! fJj j? nkswe frnkB dh ;hwk Bebh fBozekoh pkfpnK d/ fJZe ekBg[o
tor/ tZv/ fjo d/ gqwy
[ gqukoe dh . fJ; s'A Gbh GKs jh s[;hA pkfpnK d/ frnkB dk n dk k
brk ;ed/ j' . id'A w[ bhnk je{ws ftZu f;ZyK d/ f;oK d/ w[Zb bJho[ wkB ikoh j'J,/ gZsk gZsk
f;ZyK dk t?oh ;h, nkgD/ nkg B{zf;Zy nytkDk w"s B{z;Zdk d/Dk ;h, T[dA' e'Jh r[o{gqrN BjhA
j'fJnk . Bkdo s/ npdkbh dhnK s/rK e/tb r[o{ rqE
z g E B/ jh MZbhnK . go nZi id ;[y
nokw dk ;wK nkfJnk j?, J/no ezvh Bv ekoK T[gbZpX jB, sK Gkd'A dhnK y[ pK tKr jo EK
r[o,{ pkp/ s/ ;zs gqrN j' rJ/ jB .
wjkokik oDihs f;zx d/ oki fgZSA,' d/ dh nk kdh d/ ;zrokw t/b/Bk e'Jh r[o{nZr/
j'fJnk s/ Bk jh d/jXkoh r[on
{ K dk e'Jh u/bk . cK;hnK B{z u[w
z D tkb/, r'bhnK ykD tkb/ s/
T[wo-e?dK eZND tkb/ ;qh r[o{rqE
z ;kfjp B{zw BD tkb/ ebrhXo wjkoki d/ kb;/ jh goy
ftu g{o/ T[so/ .
oki dk B k s/ i[nkBh dk B k jw/ K jh pzd/ B{z nkgD/ n;{bK s'A v/r fdzdk j? .
fJ; bJh ;z;ko ftZu ed/ Gh Xkowe nkr{ dh fe;/ d/ dh oki;h skes BjhA pDh . nBfrDs
Xowh-g[o fJ;/ bJh oki;h skes dh eqg
' h dk f eko j'J,/ go nkgD/ fB:w s/ nkswe ;/X s/
nNZb oj/ .
id'A jkew d/ gqfse{b fJZe nZyo jh sbtko dh Xko uyk ;eD
bJh ekh ;h, T[;/ t/b/ ;qh r[o{ BkBe d/t ih pZpo /o tKr roi/, pkpo
s{z ikpo . go id po dk p'b-pkbk ;h s/ rohp iBsk wB[Zyh nfXekoK
s'A tKMh j' rJh ;h, fJBQK d/j-Xkoh r[o{nK u'A fe;/ fJZe dh e[;eD se dh
fjzws BjhA gJh. 19 wjhB/ d/ e/tb n?woiz;h d/ n?bkB B/ jh ;G gky vh
r[o{nK d/ goyu/ T[Vk fdZs/ ;B, sK T[; t/b/ Gh g{o/ Gkos to ftZu'A e/tb
r[o{ ek kb;k jh fBZsfonk . Gkt/A fJ; dk Gkoh w[Zb 1984 t/b/ f;ZyK B{z
GoBk fgnk .
;oekoh g?;/ s/ gbD tkb/ s/ ;oekoh w hBoh dk gq:'r eo e/
nkgDhnK rZdhnK ekfJw oZyD tkb/ ;kX ;zs iK pkp/ Gbk ed'A nkgfDnK
gqfsgkbeK d/ f bk eZ[M efj ;ed/ jB.
r[o{ BkBe ;Zu/ gks kj dh fJZe Gpeko, s/ nksfwe T[gd/ B/
jh pkpo B{z nZr/ s'A nkw iBsk s/ esb/nkw s'A s"pk eoB bJh w p{o eo
fdZsk . s/ i/ G[Zb e/ fco ehsh Gh sK ;Zu/ gks kj d/ e/tb fJe' f;Zy GkJh
skok g'gN B/ pkpo B{z s"pk :kd eotk e/ bkj"o fjo B{z pkpo d/ eq'g s'A

puk fbnk .
go fgSb/ seohpB fszB djkfenK s'A nDfrDs wktK d/ bkb
e'j e'j e/ wko/ rJ/ . pjZso j ko p/ e;{o pzd/ Nkvk d/ eB{zB j/mK i/bQK
ftZu ;Vd/ oj/ . xZN frDshnK d/ pzfdnK dk esb/nkw j'fJnk . (sk k fw;kb r[ioks dh ;G
d/ ;kjwD/ j?) . fe;/ ny"sh pqjw frnkBh, ;zs iK gky vh r[o{ B{z d:k BjhA nkJh. fe;/ B/
ftXtk d/ f;o s/ u[B
z h BjhA fdZsh Bk jh fe;/ B/ nBkE wk;{w pZu/dh pKj cVh .
fgnko/ gkme ih nZi i' irQk irQk fJj gky v dhnK d[ekBK uZb ojhnK jB ;kvh
nkgDh ew o' h eoe/ j? . feT[Afe n;hA r[opkDh ns/ nkgD/ ;[Bfjoh r"otwJh fJfsjk; s'A NZN[
u[e/ jK .
nZi ;?AeV/ BjhA, j koK dh frDsh ftZu Gkos ftu gky vh r[o{
j'D d/ pkti{d th, Gkos dh iBsk id p/o[ rkoh, ohph, ehwsK ftZu
tkX/, Bf nK dh tXheh, ns/ fszBK o'rK d/ jZE'A ;ohfoe s/ wkBf;e ghVk
Bkb eokj ojh j?, sK fJj Bebh fBozekoh pkpk ih rK s/ ;{o dk wk; s/
okp d/ B / ftZu w w{o j'D dk gquko eo e/ ykU, ghU s/ oZi e/ G'r G'r'
dk gquko eo e/ iBsk dh nkuoD gZy'A sqNh u"V eo oj/ jB .
fJj gy vhnK s/ BebhnK dh T[gi ;kvh nDrfjbh s/ nt/;b/gD dk jh Bshik j? . j[D b'V j? nkgD/ co B{z gfjukBD dh s/ sZsgo
j' e/ fBGkT[D dh . nkU ! nkgD/ go;go MrV/ G[bk e/, u"Xo dh GktBk
dk fsnkr eo e/ kb;/ dh uVQdh ebk bJh T[gokbk eohJ/ ! i/ j[D th
Bk ikr/ sK n do'A n do'A bZrk fJj x[D e"w B{z yk ikJ/rk s/ n;hA r[o{ e/ d/
Ddko w[iow frD/ iktKr/ .
B'N L- fJj Nq?eN 1978 ftZu ;{ok wk;e gZso tZb'A SgtkfJnk frnk ;h.
fJ; ftu E'VQk tkXk xkNk eoe/ ;zrsK ftZu g/ ehsk ik fojk j? .
!!!

r[owfs ;/XK - 25

w/ok o{g rqE

z dh ikB
;qh r[o{okwdk; wjkoki BN okr ftZu c[owk oj/ jB .
pkDh r[o{ r[o{ j? pkDh ftfu pkDh n fwqs[ ;ko/ ..
r[o[ pkDh ej? ;/te[ iB[ wkB? gosfy r[o{ fB;sko/ ..
(n r 982)
fJ;/ soQK d;w/ fgsk ;op b'j rqzE ftZu dZ; oj/ jB
nkgB'g' ;qh ykb;/ dhBk d[sh:k o{g ;fsr[o{ rqzEk
noE L- w?A nkgDk nkg kb;k o{g ;zrs ftZu nG/d eo fdZsk j? ns/ w/
ok d{;ok o{g ;fsr[o{ rqzE ;kfjp j?.
r[BkBtkd g[fB f;cs ;bkjfB T{ms p?ms ;?B eozEk .
noE L- gow/ o d/ r[D rkT[Dk ns/ f;s ;bkj T[mfdnK pfjzfdnK ns/
s[ofdnK fcofdnK eoBh ukjhdh j? .
gktB g E ykb;k gqrfN:' uko poB nk ow [G g Ek .
noE L- uko/ poB ns/ uko/ nk owK B{z fJeZm/ eo e/ gftZso kb;k g E
gqrN j'fJnk j? .
fJB e' do; ;fsr[o{ e' do;B p'bB r[o{ ;pd r[o rqzEk .
noE L- kb;k ;s;zrs dk do B ;fsr[o{ dk do B j? ns/ r[o{ rqzE
;kfjp dh pkDh dk gkm r[o{ Bkb rZbK eoB s[b j? .
d`kd; o{g ;fsr[o{ J/ ejh:s d`kd; GkB gqrfN jfo izsk .
noE L- ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ;fsr[o{ ih dk d{;ok o{g j? ns/ joh d/ ;zsK
bJh d{;ok ;{oi gqrN j'fJnk j?.
gqs:y ebk gkopqjw XDhS? rqzE g E ykb; toszsk .
noE L- rqzE g E d/ ;[w/b ftZu gkopqjw gow/ o dh gosZy ebk tos ojh
j? .
dk; r'fpzd cfsj ;fsr[o e' yk; rqzE r[o{ o{g pdzsk .
noE L- w?A dk;, r'fpzd (f;zx) ;fsr[o{ d/ o{g k; rqzE B{z sfj p[bKdk jK
ns/ pzdBk eodk jK .
fJZe ftuko nB[;ko r[o{ ;kfjpkB dk ;oho ns/ ;ohfoe feqnk
fJZe nkw fJB;kB torh jh ;h . d' jZE d' g?o BZe w{ j nkfd ns/ nkw

r[owfs ;/XK - 27

r[owfs ;/XK - 28

tosD ftZu ykDk ghDk th fJZe nkw wB[Zy tork jh ;h .

r[o{ ;kfjp dh i/ e'Jh ftbZyDsk ;h, sK fJjh ;h fe gow/ o dk
fgnko ns/ frnkB dk Gzvko i' T[BQK d/ fjod/ ftZu t;dk ;h T[j nkw
wB[Zy ftZu BjhA ;h . fJBQK rZbK eoe/ jh f;Zy ;zrs T[BQK dk ;fseko
eodh ;h, wZE/ N/edh ;h, r[o{ ;kfjp dh ;ohfoe ;/tk eodh ;h, wkfJnk,
t;s{ ns/ j'o ehwsh uh K G/Nk eodh ;h ns/ r[o{ wjkokik GktBk
nB[;ko G/NktK gqtkB eoe/ ;z;kfoe ns/ nkswe b'VK g{ohnK eod/ ;B.
j[D id T[j ;kok frnkB r[o{ ;kfjp B/ ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ftZu
;w' fdZsk ns/ r[o{ ;kfjp B/ ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp B{z nkgD/ s[b gdth d/
fdZsh sK nkfd ekb s'A r[o{ e/ f;Zy oXk GktBk Bkb ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp
wjkoki B{z wZEk N/ed/ jB, ftZs nB[;ko ehwsh o[wkb/ uzd'nk ns/ wkfJnk
G/N eod/ jB ns/ r[o [ hnK gqkgs eod/ nk oj/ jB ns/ eod/ ofjDr/ .
fJZE/ jh p; BjhA pkDh do;k ojh j? fe,
g'Eh gow/;o ek EkB[ ..
;kX;zfr rktfj r[D r'fpzd g{oB pqjw frnkB[ .. (n r 1226
1226)
(fi; g'Eh ftZu X[o eh pkDh fbyh j'Jh j?) T[; g'Eh ftZu fBor[D
o{g gow/ o dk (EkB[) fBtk; j?. ;kX{ iB (r[o{ e/ f;Zy) fJ; g'Eh dh ;zrs
ftZu p?m e/ r'fpzd d/ r[D rKd/ jB ns/ g{oB pqjw frnkB gqkgs eod/ jB
.
fJ; s'A nZr/ Grs oftdk; ih dZ; oj/ jB
so sko[ ngftsq efo wkBhn? o/ i?;/ ekrok eos phukoz ..
Grs GkrT[s[ fbyhn? fsj T{go/ g{ihn? efo Bw;ekoz ..
(n r 1293
293)
skVh dk do s (T[; s'A okp pDB ekoB) ngftsq w fBnk iKdk
j? . go id T[;/ skV d/ do s s'A ekr pDkfJnk iKdk j? ns/ id T[BQK
ekr K s/ Grsh Gkt tkb/ rhs (pkDh) fbyh iKdh j? sK T[; g'Eh B{z
Bw;eko eo e/ g{fink iKdk j? .
;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp dk ;fseko eoB d/ fJfsjkf;e gqwkD w"i{d
jB . d;w/ fgsk B/ nkg fJ; r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp B{z r[fonkJh d/D fgZS'A wZEk
N/fenk j? . r[o{ noiB d/t wjkoki B/ i' ;fseko r[opkDh dk ehsk j? ;G
B{z gsk j? . w ih ;kfjp s/ r[opkDh gqek eoe/ nkg ;zrs Bkb G[zi/ p?m e/
jfow do ;kfjp ehosB eod/ oj/ . oks B{z w i/ s/ ;[y nk;D eo e/ nkg

G[i
z / ;"Ad/ oj/ jB .
nekb g[oy B/ ;z;koh ihtK d/ T[Xko bJh, nkgDh i'fs ;fsr[o{
BkBe d/t wjkoki d/ o{g ftZu gqrN ehsh . fJ;/ bJh r[opkDh dk [owkB
j? L
i'fs o{fg jfo nkfg r[o{ BkBe[ ejk:T[ . (n r 1408
1408)
fJjh rZb ;qh r[o{ BkBe d/t wjkoki B/ nk;k dh tko ftZu ejh j?
;fsr[o ftfu nkg[ ofyUB[ efo gorN[ nkfy ;[DkfJnk ..
(n r 466
466)
gow/ o fBo neko j? pkDh Gh fBo neko j? . ebi[rh ihtK d/
Gb/ bJh ;fsr[o{ ih B/ dfJnk Xko e/ fBor[D ;o{g pkDh B{z r[ow[yh fbgh
okjhA ;or[D o{g p fdZsk . fJ; s'A nZr/ ;qh r[o{ okwdk; ih dZ; oj/ jB
fe fJj pkDh ;kvh BjhA fJj gow/ o dh pkDh j? ns/ T[j nkg ;kv/ w{ j'A
eYk fojk j? fJ; bJh fJ; s/ fezs{ gq s{ Bk eo' ns/ fJ; B{z ;fs ;fs eo e/
w B' .
;fsr[o eh pkDh ;fs ;fs efo ikDj[ r[of;yj[
jfo eosk nkfg w[jj[ eYkJ/ .. (n r 308
308)
sK s/ ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp dk ;fseko d;K gks kjhnK d/ ;fseko
s[Zb j? . ;fsr[o{ ih d/ fjod/ ftZu gqrN j' e/ gftZso w[yko fpzd s'A fBebh
gow/ o dh pkDh dk ;fseko gow/ o dk ;fseko j? feT[A i' pkDh ftZu
nkg gow/ o tZ; fojk j? .
r[o{ nk / nB[;ko, r[opkDh s'A ;/X b? e/ kb;k g E d/ tv/fonK B/
;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp wjkoki d/ ;fseko dhnK n?;hnK gozgoktK ;Ekgs
ehshnK jB fi; Bkb jo fJe r[of;Zy d/ n do G? GktBh tkbh oXk ns/
fgnko t;dk oj/ .
n fwqs SekT[D T[gozs jo fJZe wkJh GkJh B{z g iK fgnkfonK dk
j[ew j[zdk j? fe ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp wjkoki B{z wZEk N/e e/ sfj p[bkU .
fJ;/ bJh nZi s'A e'Jh thj shj ;kb gfjbK id'A Gh r[og[opK s/ dhtkB
;idk ;h, ;G r[of;Zy wZEk N/e e/ sfj p[bkT[Ad/ ;B . eJh tkoh sK id
e'Jh fBjzr f;zx eEk ehosB j'D t/b/ rZi e/ sfj p[bKdk ;h sK ;N/i
;?eNoh B{z efjDk g?Adk ;h fe f;zx ih n sow[yh sfj p[bkU sK i' eEk
ehosB d/ gqtkj ftZu ftxB Bk gt/ .
;fsr[o{ ih d/ gqek eoB t/b/ fJj nodk; eoBh fe ;Zu/ gks kj

r[owfs ;/XK - 29

r[owfs ;/XK - 30

y[Zb/Q do B dhdko p ' ns/ gftZso j[ewBkwk p ' iK ;[y nk;D t/b/ nodk; eoBh fe
;Zu/ gks kj ;[y nk;D fsnko j? fpokiwkB j't/ n fwqs t/b/ fco dhdko p D/, fJ;/
;fseko dk fJZe n r j? .
fi; soQK e'Jh ;fseko :'r ftnesh, id rZb eo fojk j't/ iK
e'Jh T[gd/ ns/ j[ew ;[Dk fojk j't/ sK ftZu'A T[Zm e/ ikDk ;fseko :'r
ftnesh dh fJZe fe;w dh p/fJZ sh ;wMh iKdh j? . fJ;/ bJh ofjsBkfwnK
ftZu fbfynk j'fJnk j? fe id ;zrs ftZu gkm iK ehosB j' fojk j't/ sK
pd dh ;wkgsh s/ f;o fBtk e/ jh T[mDk ukjhdk j? .
pd G' r B fBtkt? ;h; . sK e' fwb? Bk gow irdh .
(sBykjBkwk Gka Bzd bkb ih)
;fsr[o{ ih tk;s/, u"o, ukBDh, gbzx rd?b/ ns/ o[wkb/ ;ikT[D
dh gozgok fJj e'Jh fe;/ ftnesh ft / iK fe;/ k; ;zgodk tZb'A ubkJh
j'Jh BjhA pbfe r[o{ ekb s'A ubdh nk ojh j? fJfsjk; fJ; dh rtkjh
Godk j? .
t?;/ Gh id d;w/ fgsk B/ nkgDh irQk ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp
wjkoki B{z ;Ekgs eo e/ wZEk N/e fdZsk ns/ r[fonkJh d/ fdZsh sK fco
fi; soQK dk ;fseko, f;Zy d;w/ ih dk eod/ ;B T[j ;G e[ZM ;qh r[o{
rqzE ;kfjp tk;s/ eoBk bk wh j' frnk . fJ; pko/ fezs{ gq s{ eoBk fBoh
w{oysk j? .
fi; soQK xo ftZu e'Jh ;fseko :'r p [or j't/ ns/ gotko dk
e'Jh ihn, p [or dk ;fseko sK p/-jZd eo/ go T[; dk j[ew Bk w B/, ed/
Gh ;fseko :'r p [orK dh [ h gqkgs BjhA eo ;edk . fJ;/ soQK gotko
dk d{;ok ihn p [or dk j[ew sK pj[s w B/ go T[;dh p'b pkDh yoth j't/
ns/ ;fseko Bk eodk j't/ T[j Gh p [or dh [ h jk;b BjhA eo ;edk .
fpbe[b fJ;/ soQK ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih dk e/tb ;fseko eoB
tkbk ftnesh iK e/tb j[ew w BD tkbk ftnesh e'Jh Gh r[o{ do
gqtkB BjhA j' ;edk . fi; fi; r[ow[y fgnko/ B/, ;qh r[o{ n rd d/t
wjkoki iK r[o{ nwodk; wjkoki tKr j[ew w fBnk, ;/tk ehsh Bkb jh
G? GtkBh Bkb ;fseko Gh ehsk T[BQK B{z tfvnkJhnK gqkgs j'JhnK jB.
fgSbh ;dh ftZu sB, wB, XB nogD eo e/ r[of;Zyh ewkT[D
tkb/ GkJh oDXho f;zx ih, fJZe tkoh nkgDh B"eoh t/b/ n ro/ n;o
Bkb x'V/ s/ uVQ/ ik oj/ jB fe nukBe nZr'A ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp wjkoki

dh ;tkoh nk rJh . GkJh ;kfjp B/ MZN x'V/s'A T[Zso e/ vzvT[s ehsh .

n ro/ n;o B{z fJj fJZe w{osh g{ik tKr bZfrnk . GkJh ;kfjp
B/ nkgD/ fNekD/ g[Zi e/ d' x N/ brk e/ ;kps eo fdZsk fe ;qh r[o{ rqzE
;kfjp dk ;fseko w{osh g{ik BjhA pbfe gow/ o dk ;fseko j? . fJ; pko/
T[BQK dk fbfynk feskpuk eh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp dk ;fseko w{osh g{ik j?
< gVQB tkbh uh j?.
;kvh pdfe;wsh j? fe j[D g E dh tkr v'o T[BQK jZEK ftZu j? i'
iK sK b'eK B{z fdykT[D bJh e/tb ;fseko eod/ jB g Ee wo:kdk ns/
r[o{ j[ew w BD s'A w[Beo jB iK fco soetkd d/ f eko, oXkjhD ny"sh
p[ZXh ihthnK d/ jZE j? . fJBQK ftZu'A pj[fsnK B/ Bk n fwqs Sfenk j? Bk
ofjs ns/ Bk jh fBsB/w XkoBh jB . go e"D fJBQK nZr/ p'b/ feT[Afe fJBQK
e'b vkeNoh dh w'Nh ;'Nh j? .
nB/eK ;wkrwK s/ d/fynk frnk j? fe id fJj vkeNo fJZe d{;o/
B{z p[bkT[Dr/ sK vkeNo ;kfjp efj e/ p[bkT[Dr/ go id fJj ;N/i s/
yVQ e/ b?euo d/Dr/ sK r[opkDh dh ftnkfynk eoB bZr/ efjDr/ BkBe
efjzdk j?, epho nkydk j? fJfsnkfd . id fe r[o{ ;kfjp fJBQK wjKg[oyK
d/ ;fseko bJh nkg fby oj/ jB, pd epho ihT[ ek sEk pkDh Grs
oftdk; ih eh kfJd nkgDh ftdtsk d/ njzeko tZ; fJBQK B{z nfj;k;
jh BjhA fe n;hA eh efj oj/ jK . fJ; bJh nB/eK tko fJBQK B{z efjzd/
;[fDnk j? i/ f;Zyh c?bkT[Dh j? sK r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp B{z o[wkfbnK ftZu'A pkjo
eZY' go f;nkfDnK dk eEB j? L
p/ ndp p/ B;hp - pk ndp pk B;hp
Gkt L pdfe;ws jB i' tZfvnK dk iK nkgD/ fJ N dk ;fseko
BjhA eod/ ns/ GkrK tkb/ jB T[j i' ;jh ;fseko eod/ jB .
fgSbh ;dh dh g E gowkfDs j;sh ns/ r[o{ do gqtkB j'J/
r[of;yK dh ihtB dhnK xNBktK u'A e[ZM T[dkjoBK fJ; ft / s/ nZr/ g/
ehshnK iKdhnK jB gkme iB bkG T[mkT[D .
;qh wkB nekbh e"o f;zx ih fgSbh ;dh d/ f;Zy irs d/ fJZe
nBw'b jho/ j'J/ jB . jmh, igh, sgh, Grs, ;{owk ns/ frnkBh tkb/
r[DK Bkb ;zg B, nkg f;Zyh nkdo tkbk fJZe T[Zsw Bw{Bk ;B .
r[o{ Grsh, d/ Grsh ns/ gqG{ Grsh Bkb o ko fiE/ nkg B/
ihtB Go f;Zyh gquko ehsk ns/ 1947 d/ dhB, w b{w oBkoEhnK bJh

r[owfs ;/XK - 31

r[owfs ;/XK - 32

nkgDk sB, wB, XB tko e/ ;/tk ehsh T[E/Bkb jh nkg fJZe T[Zu/doi/ d/ ;kfjseko Gh ;B .
fi; soQK wjkBe' d/ oukfJsk j'D eoe/ GkJh ekBQ f;zx BkGk B{z g E jw/ K :kd
eo/rk T[E/nekbh ih d/ fby/ s[e sseo/ p o? fe;/ f;Zy ftdtkB dh bkfJpqo/ h nX{oh jh oj/rh
.s[jkB{zr[opkDhdhe'JhfJZes[e:kdj?sKfJ;s[esseo/dh;jkfJskBkbbZfGnkik;edk
j? fe fJj s[e ;qh r[o{ rqE
z ;kfjp d/ fezB/ n r s/ j? ns/ fe; r[o{ dk T[ukfonk pd j? .
nekbh ih d/ ihtB pko/ g{oh ikDekoh sK g ikph :{Bhtof;Nh tZbA' Sgh T[BKQ dh
ihtBh s'A fwb ;edh j? . n;hA f;o fJj dZ;D bJh fe r[o{e/ f;ZyK d/ fjod/ ftu ;qh r[o{rqE
z
;kfjp pko/ ;fseko feZdK dk j[d
z k j?, T[BKQ d/ ihtB dhnK xNBktK dk toDB eod/ jK, i' T[BKQ
dh ihtB fpqsKs dh g[;se ftZu fJzM doi j? .
fJe t/o nkg nk ow d/ ezwK ekoK u' k o j' e/ oks B{z ;"A rJ/ sK nZXh oks
nukBe ikr T[m,/ s/ rqE
z h GkJh dbhg f;zx B{zik irkfJnk s/ fejk T[m'f;zx ;kfjp ;ktXkB
j' ikT[ ! fJ BkB eo' s/ wjkoki dk gqek eo' .
f;zx ;kfjp dbhg f;zx B/ fejk, ni/ sK ih pj[s oks ofjzdh j? nZi fJsBh ibdh
eh b'V gJh j? wjkoki dk gqek eoB dh <
nekbh ih B/ fejk puB w B' s/ gqek eo' . GkJh ;kfjp B/ w p{o
j' e/ gqek ehsk sK eh t/yd/ jB fe wjkoki dk fJZe g Bk d'jok j' frnk
;h, nkg B/ g Bk f;ZXk eotk fdZsk s/ fejk fe f;zx ;kfjp nZr/ s'A
fXnkB oZfynk eo' .
1934-35 ftZu fJZe fdB e[ZM ;ZiD r[od[nkok pkp/ dh p/o ;kfjp
f;nkb e'N nk;k dh tko dk ehosB ;[DB bJh n fwqs t/b/ jh gZ[i rJ/ .
r[od[nko/ ftZu GkJh fBoziB f;zx ih okrh ehosB efonk eod/ ;B .
e[ZM d/o fgZS'A i'Vh tikT[D tkbk ehosBhnk ;k b? nkfJnk .
i'Vh y'bQ e/ fJeZfbnK jh nk;k dh tko d/ ;b'e gVQB bZr gJ/ . g i d;
fw N fgS'A GkJh fBoziB f;zx ih Gh nk rJ/ . T[BQK B/ tkik y'bQ e/ ;ob
sohe/ Bkb pkDh dk T[ukoB [o{ eo fdZsk .
;q'fsnK ftZu'A fJZe B/ p/Bsh ehsh fe GkJh ;kfjp pd dk okr
ftZu T[ukoB eo' . okrh f;zx B/ fyZM e/ i[nkp fdZsk ekjbh ekjdh j?
;zrs s/ nk ikD fdT[ . d' uko fw N fJ;/ soQK phs rJ/ ns/ x[;w[;/ftu r[o[ d[nkok ;kfjp d/
e'B/ u'A fJZe pohe fijh nktk nkJh GkJh fBoziB f;zx ih ;Zuk gks kj (;qh r[o{rqE
z ;kfjp
ih) jk o Bk o ;kjwD/ p?mk j?. ehosB T[BKQ B{z ;[DkT[ . ;fsr[o{ fwjo eo/rk .
puBwBe/GkJhfBoziBf;zxihB/tidftZunke/ehosBehskns/tksktoD
o; Gfonk j' frnk. pknd ftu gsk bZrk fe T[j o;fGzBh ntk nekbh e"o f;zx ih dh ;h

.1
3a
n ro/ h oki t/b/ GkJh p;kyk f;zx ih (fBtk;h fg v joBkbk
sfj;hb w Xok, f bQk oktbfg vh B{z, T[BQK d/ f;Zyh gq/w, r[opkDh ns/ r[o
fJfsjk; d/ o;hJ/ j'D ekoB 14 f;Zy o?iw?AN ftu rqzEh dh ;/tk bJh oZy
fbnk frnk .
d;zpo 1907 ftZu fJj gbNB ;ehw nXhB o'gV gj[zu rJh . jw/
K tKr ;koh ;?fBe-;zrs dhtkB dh ;wkgsh T[gozs s[o rJh . go rqzEh
f;zx GkJh p;kyk f;zx ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp dh, skfpnk p?m pd d/ gkm
ns/ thuko ftZu wrB j' rJ/ . fJzB/ B{z pkjo'A n ro/ n;o w/io i'jB B/
, nodbh G/i e/ rzqEh f;zx B{z p[bkfJnk . rqzEh f;zx B/ fJ; p/-w"e/ d/ p[bkt/
s/ j?okBh gqrN eo e/ T[Zso G/fink fe pd dh ;wkgsh T[gozs jk o
j'tKrk feT[Afe ftukb/ SZv e/ nkT[D Bkb r[o{ wjkoki dh p/ ndph j[zdh
j? .
n ro/ w/io B/ nkgD/ nXhB fJZe f;gkjh d/ nfij/ T[Zso s'A
nkgDh j/mh ;wMh ns/ fJ; ;G ek;/ B{z j[ew nd{bh dk Bkw d/ e/ fJZe
dw rqzEh f;zx B{z B"eoh s'A po k;s eo fdZsk . fJokd/ d/ gZe/ ns/ r[o{ rqzE
;kfjp dh j {oh dh wjkBsk B{z nB[Gt eoB tkb/ fJ; f;zx B/ fpBK fe;/
jhb j[is ns/ ukoki'Jh d/ ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp d/ ;o{g ;w/s BkG/ fjo nk
v/o/ bkJ/ .
rqzEh f;zx Bkb j'Jh nfijh tXheh B{z t/y e/ o?iw?AN ftZu r[Z;/ dh
bfjo ?b rJh . wjkokik jhok f;zx BkGk B/ fJ; p/-tiQk po k;srh B{z
tkfJ;okfJ she gj[zukfJnk fi; ekoB tZv/ g?wkB/ T[go g[ZS gVskb
ikoh j' rJh .
fJXo'A ;ko/ f;zxK B/ fJ; xNBk B{z rzGhosk Bkb fbnk fi; ekoB
fJ; gq B T[Zgo r[owfs wo:kdk B{z g/ eoB bJh nekbh e"o f;zx ih dh okfJ bJh rJh .
nekbh ih dk T[Zso fJ; soQK ;h .
rqzEh f;zx r[o{ dk t ho j[zdk j? . fJ; B{z skfpnK p?fmnK ;G/ jh
nfXeko i' f;Zy-Xow, r[o{ fw B d/ nB[;koh jB, ;zg{oD gqkgs jB . fJj
T[BQK dh tos'A eo ;edk j? . r[opkDh gkm, r[opkDh thuko eod/ ;w/A i/
fJ; B{z e'Jh rZbK eoB bkt/l fJ; e'b'A e'Jh ezw b?Dk ukj/ sK fJj n:'r j?
1a

nekbh e"o f; x b/ye vka fjzws f; x ;'Yh, gqek e g ikph :{Bhtof;Nh, gfNnkbk-g Bk 35a

r[owfs ;/XK - 33

. fJj ;i/ dhtkB iK pkDh gVQB ;w/A fe;/ Bkb rZbK BjhA eo ;edk . ;i/ dhtkB ;w/,A fpBK fe;/
B{zfpmkJ/ skfpnK ftZuA' T[m e/ pkjo BjhA ik ;edk . ;' w/io i'jB ;kfjp f;Zy Xow d/ n;{bK s'A
nBikD j'D eo e/ G[Zb eo rJ/ jB, GkJh ;kfjp ih ;ukJh s/ ;B . fJ; B{zj[ew nd{bh efjDk,
T[fus BjhA . n;b ftu w/io ;kfjp G[Zb w BD d/ nfXekoh jB.
nekbh ih dh gqphB okfJ ;[D e/ ;ko/ f;zx-;odko rqzEh f;zx
Bkb j'Jh tXheh s'A Bkok j' rJ/ . tkfJ;okfJ B/ w;bk tbkfJs G/i
fdZsk . T[E/ siopkeko ns/ ohNkfJo j'J/ T[BQK "ih n;oK dk fJeZm
ehsk frnk i' f;Zy gbNDk d/ feodko s'A ikD{ ;B . fJ; fJeZm dh okfJ
e[ZM fJ; gqeko ;h .
nkfd ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp f;Zy Xow d/ d; r[o{ ;kfjpkB d/ d/j
;o{g jB . fJj ;XkoB g[;se iK rqzE BjhA, fJBQK dh ;tkoh ns/ gqek
;w/A skfpnK p?m/, gkm-g{ik s/ thuko eod/ rqzEh nEtk GkJh ;kfjp B{z w/
io i'jB sK eh tZvh s'A tZvh j;sh tZvh wbek (fJzrb?Av dh okDh)
w[nk wk Gh BjhA T[mk ;ed/ .
2
fJ; ?;b/ T[gozs w/io i'jB B{z fJ; p/b'Vh joes TZ[go ofw drh
ns/ G[Zb w BDh gJh .
fJ;/ bJh d;w/ fgsk c[owk oj/ jB
w/ok o{g rqzE ih ikB, fJ; w?A G/d Bkfj e[S wkB ..
tkfjr[ o { ih ek kb;k..
tkfjr[ o { ih eh s fj ..

2a

ihtB fpqsKs nekbh e"o f;zx b/ye vka fjzws f;zx ;'Yh gqek e g ikph :{Bhtof;Nh, gfNnkbk- g Bk 35, 36

r[o{ dk ;oho ns/ nkswk

jfowzdo ;kfjp (nkswk)
;z;ko dk efbnkD eoB bJh nkJ/ ghoK, g?rzpoK, ntskoK ns/
wjKFg[oyK B/ wB[Zysk Bz{ ihtB ;/X d/D bJh nZv nZv wkor dZ;/ ns/
nkgDh nkgDh ;'u nB[;ko gow/ o d/ ;o{g Bz{ toDB eoe/ nkgD/ g?o'ekoK
Bz{ gow/ o dh dorkj ftZu wdd eoB dk Go';k fdZsk. nkgD/ nB[:kJhnK
Bz{ pfj s ns/ ;tor p D dk Go';k fdZsk. T[BQK d/ ou/ Xow rqzEK
nB[;ko T[BQK d/ n;{bK Bz{ Bk wzBD tkb/ b'eK Bz{ fe;/ B/ eko fejk, fe;/
B/ wb/S, oky iK d[ N dk fyskp fdZsk ns/ fe;/ B/ p[Xw oDw rSwh@
dk Bknok bkfJnk. fe;/ B/ g[o Bz{ gqXkB pDk e/ fJ;soh dh fBzdk ehsh
ns/ fe;/ B/ {do dk b/pb brk e/ wB[Zysk dk fsq;eko ehsk.
id fJbkjh i'fs dk gqek ;qh r[o{ BkBe d/t ih d/ o{g ftZu
;z;ko ftZu j'fJnk sK fgSbhnK fwZEK s'V e/ ;ko/ ;z;ko Bz{ T[Zuh nktk
eo e/ nkg dZf;nk ns/ i'fs Ujk i[rfs ;kfJ@ d/ wkbe B/ d;K ikfwnK
ftZu gquko ehsk.
;G wfj i'fs i'fs j? ;'fJ ..
(n r 663
663)

jG ;wkDh i'fs fiT[ ib xNkT{ uzdqwk .. (n r 1099

1099)
;zsj[ xfN xfN ofjnk ;wkfjU ..
g{oB g{fo ofjU ;op wfj ifb Efb owJhnk nkfjU..
(n r 617
617)
fiwh iwkB e/ fpy? ;w;fs J/e i'fs j? ..
B xkfN j? B pkfY j? B xkfN pkfY j's j? ..
(nekb T[;ss-d;w rqzE 166
166)
fjzd{ s[oe e'T{ okcih fJwkw ;kch
wkB; eh iks ;p? J/e? gfjukBp' ..
(nekb T[;ss 85
85)
t/AJh Bdh d/ gqt/ s'A id pkjo nkJ/ sK Gh j'ek fJjh fdZsk fe
Bk e' fjzd{ Bk w[;bwkB@ Gkt gow/ o dh dorkj ftZu ;G e/tb wB[Zy
jB Bk e'Jh fjzd{ j? Bk e'Jh w[;bwkB j? (f;Zy fJ; ;ukJh s'A pkjo BjhA j'

r[owfs ;/XK - 35

r[owfs ;/XK - 36

;ed/ . i/ nZi r[o{;kfjp jzd

[ / sK j'ek d/Dk ;h Bk e' fjzd,{ f;Zy Bk w[;bwkB) T[E/e/tb ns/ e/
tb eow tku/ ikDr/.
UE? ;u/ jh ;fu fBpV? u[fD tfy eY/ iiwkfbnk ..
EkT[ B gkfJfB e{fVnko w[j ekb~? d'ife ukfbnk..
(n r 463
463)
id wZe/ rJ/ ns/ ek hnK B/ g[ZfSnk fe s[jkv/ fynkb nB[;ko
tZvk e"D j?< dorkj ftZu tfvnkJh fjzd{ Bz{ fwb/rh iK w[;bwkB Bz{ sK
r[o{ pkp/ dk ;ko/ ;z;ko tk;s/ fJZe' T[gd/ ;h.
g[SfB c'fb feskp B' fjzd{ tvk fe w[;bwkB'Jh .
pkpk nky/ jkihnk ;[fG nwbk pkMj[ d'B' o'Jh .
(Gka r[a tko 1 /33
33)
w[;bwkB Bz{ ;Zuk w[;bwkB pDB dk T[gd/ fdZsk, ns/ pqkjwD,
yZsoh ns/ i'rh Bz{ T[BQK dh ;jh gfjukB dZ;h.

BhAj oyk fdZsh .

;fsr[o{ ih d/ gktB fjod/ ftZu'A ;c[N j'fJnk nzfwqs ;o'to ns/
jfowzdo ;kfjp dk vh kJhB T[go'es GktBktK B{z T[ikro eodk j? i'
kfJd fJ; soQK j?. Gtib o{gh ;z;ko ;w[zdo d/ gqshe ;o'to d/ n?B
ftueko gow/ o dk joh wzdo j? i' ;G tk;s/ ;KMhtkbsk dk bykfJe j?.
jo d/ , iks, Xow, ozr ns/ B;b d/ pzd/ bJh fJe;kosk d/ gqshe jB
uko/ dotk /. go fJj dotk / fe;/ ;jh fd k ftu Bk j' e/ uko/ fd ktK d/
e'fBnK ftZu jB i' fe ukoK fd K Bz{ nkg; ftZu i'Vd/ jB wkB' ;ko/
;z;ko Bz{ fJZe gow/ o d/ ebkt/ ftZu b?D dk gqrNktk eod/ jB. i/ fJj
dotk / T[Zso dZyD g{op gZSw dh fd k ftZu j[zd/ i?;k fe b'eK dk Gow j?
sK j[D s'A pj[s d/o gfjbK, eohnK ykB d/ t/b/ w;fid dk o{g ftZu tN
frnk jz[dk.
w[rbhnk vh kJhB s'A fpbe[b tZyoh fe;w dk fJ; dk e/Adoh
r[zpd j? . i' fe kfJd ;ko/ fjzd[;skB ftZu nkgDh fe;w dk fJZe jh j? .
wkB' eztb dk cZ[b T[bNk eo e/ oZfynk j'fJnk j?. fJ; dk Gkt j? fe
eztb c[Zb fBowbsk, e'wbsk ns/ ;[rzXh dk dksk j? oks Bz{ fJeZmk j'
iKdk j?, go fJ; dk fJj n"r[D ;fsr[oK B/ T[bNk fdZsk j? fe jfowzdo
;kfjp dh e'wbsk, fBowbsk, ;[rzXh ns/ frnkB d/ gqek ftZu ed/ oks
BjhA nkt/rh. fezBhnK jh nBQ/ohnK nkT[D, MZyV w[ bK d/ M[bD iK
eKro;h s'gK uZbD nkBzs ekb se fJ; dk fBozso tfjD s[fonk oj/
rk.
fJ; Gtib o{gh ;w[zdo Bz{ gko eoe/ jfowzdo sZe ikD dk ;kXB
j? r[o{ frnkB o{gh g[b. fi; dk fe tko tko toDB r[o{ ;kfjp B/ r[opkDh
ftZu ehsk j?.
GkJh o/ r[o fpB[ frnkB[ B j'fJ .. (n r 59
59)

w[;bwkD[ ejktD[ w[;eb[ ik j'fJ sk w[;bwkD[ ejkt? ..

(n r 141
141)
;' pqjwD[ i' fpzd? pqjw[ .. (n r 1411
1411)
ysqh ;' i[ eowk ek ;{o[ .. (n r 1411
1411)
;' w[bk wbT{B fBtko? ;' dot/;[ fi;[ f;cfs Xok ..
(n r 1084
1084)
;' i'rh r[o ;pd[ gSkD? nzsfo ewb[ gqrk;[ Ehnk ..
(n r 940
940)
;' frojh ;' dk;[ T[dk;h fifB r[ow[fy nkg[ gSkfBnk ..
(n r 1322
1322)
;jh o;sk ngDkn e/ ihtB ;cbkT[D tkb/ jo fJZe pzd/ dk
;fseko ehsk ukj/ T[j pkpk /y cohd, tork w[;bwkB fsqb'uB ih
tork pqkjwD, GoEoh i?;k i'rh iK oftdk; ns/ ;?D ih tork {do.
;fsr[o{ ih d/ fJ; n;{b dh uow ;hwK T[d'A T[d? j'Jh id r[o{ noiB d/t
wjkoki B/ ;KJh d/ do gqtkB j'J/. fJBQK ;kfonK wjKg[o K dh pkDh ;qh r[o{
rzqE ;kfjp wjkoki ftZu doi ehsh ns/ jfowzdo ;kfjp ftZu gqek eoe/
;G Bz{ pokpo fpmk fdZsk ns/ j os ;KJh whnK who s'A jfowzdo ;kfjp dh

r[o[ ez[ih gkj{ fBtb[ wB[ e'mk sB[ Sfs ..

BkBe r[o fpB[ wB ek ske[ B T[xV?
nto B e[zih jfE ..
(n r 1237
1237)
wB[ ez[uo[ ghbe[ r[o{ frnkB[ ez[vk ij fy u/ sj ikfJ ..
BkBe j;sh e[zv/ pkjok fcfo fcfo T[MfV gkfJ .. (n r 516
516)
fJ; g[b okjhA jfo wzdo ik e/ eh eoBk j?, gzuw gks kj B/

r[owfs ;/XK - 37

r[owfs ;/XK - 38

o[ wkB ehsk j? Ljfo ig/ jfo wzdo[ ;kfink ;zs Grs r[D rktfj okw
ns/ fJ; soQK ;qh r[o{ BkBe d/t wjkoki dk pdh s/ sfj gkT[D
bJh, wB Bz{ ekp{ eo e/ gow/ o Bkb nG/d j'D dk T[gd/ LBkT[ gqGks? ;pfd fXnkJhn? S'vj[ d[Bh gohsk
gqDtfs BkBe dk;fB dk;k ifr jkfonk fsfB ihsk
(n r 1330
1330)
;keko ehsk j? ;qh r[o{ noiB d/t wjkoki B/.
;fsr[oK dk ofunk fJj jfowzdo i' ;koh wB[Zysk tk;s/ nzfwqs
dk ;'wk j?, fiE'A jfo d/ , Xow ozr B;b iks dk gqkDh c? :kp j[zdk j?,
ftZu e'Jh j'o rZb BjhA j' ;edh e'Jh pkjobh eftsk BjhA gVQh ik ;edh,
e'Jh j'o uouk BjhA j' ;edh e'Jh ftfynkB ik eEk BjhA j' ;edh j?. fJ;/
bJh jfowzdo ;kfjp nzdo oki eo/rk ykb;k, nkeh ojfj B e'fJ@ dk
d'jok Gh gfVQnk BjhA ik ;edk.
d[BhnK d/ ni{p/ ski wfjb iK j'o n;EkB fiZE/ fgnk;/ dh
fgnk; Gh g?;/ d/ e/ p[Mdh j? fJ; jfowzdo ;kjwD/ eh uh jB< fJ; d/
do B fJ BkB Bkb sB wB ;hsb j[zdk j? nzfwqs wJh ehosB o{j dh
[oke fwbdh j? ns/ bzro Bkb ;ohfoe G[Zy fwNdh j? . fJ; d/ ouB
jkfonK B/ ;z;ko Bz{ dZf;nk j? Lfvm/ ;G/ Ekt Bjh s[X[ i/fjnk ..
pXj[ g[ofy fpXks/ sK s{ ;'fjnk .. (n r 1362
1362)
nB/eK gow/ o d/ fgnkfonK, fBowb ns/ fpp/e pZ[Xh d/ wkbeK B/
fJZE/ d/ fJbkjh ibt/ sZe e/ nksfwe nBzd gqkgs ehsk j?. Gkt/A Bk T[j
fJZE/ d/ t;Bhe ;B iK fco T[j fJE/ dh Gk k Gh BjhA ikDd/ ;B. fJ;
n;EkB dh wfjwk T[; w[;bwkB ekohro Bz{ g[ZS' fi; B/ B" wD 14 ;/o
uzdB dh bZeVh d/ pohe o/ / Bz{ eZN e/ u"o pDkfJnk ns/ ;ko/ d/ ftZu x[zw
e/ fJ; irQK Bz{ T[Zsw ikD e/ G/N eo e/ frnk. id k; g[opK s/ ib"
brdk j? s/ T[j u"o r[o{ wjkoki T[Zgo j[zdk j? sK ;kok tksktoB uzdB
dh ;[rzX Bkb wfje T[mdk j?. (u"o dh g{oh ikDekoh b/y d/ n ho ftZu
gVQ')
1984 s'A gfjbk coK; dk fJZe ckJhB nkoN; d/ wk;No B/ id
fJ; n;EkB d/ do B ehs/ sK ft;wkdh ozr ftZu nk frnk ns/ ofi;No

ftZu ftuko gqrN ehs/ w?A nkgDh f d

z rh ftZu j[D sZe fizBhnK fJwkosK d/yhnK jB ;G s/
pkjo'A ;{oi dh o' Bh g?Adh d/yh j?. e/tb fJj n;EkB j? fiE/ w?A wfj;{; ehsk j? fe fJ; d/ e/
Adoh r[p
z d ftZuA' gqek pkjo Bz{ ik fojk j? Bk fe pkjo'A nzdo nk fojk j?.@
fJ; n;EkB dh gftsosk ns/ gozgoktK Bz{ekfJw oZyD bJh f;ZyK B/ fJB/ ;h; G/N
ehs/ jB fe i/ fJ; s'A d[ZrDh gqeowk ;o'to dh u"Vh j' ikt/ ns/ f;o Bkb f;o i'V e/ oZyhJ/ sK Gh
;ko/ ;wk Bk ;eD. fJBQK jhdK Bz{ g[ZS'fJ; n;EkB dh wjZssk iK fco g[ZS'pkpk dhg f;zx ns/
pkpk r[opy f;zx jhd Bz.{ go n;;
' fe ;kv/ j[D d/ p[ZXh ihthnK dh ftnkeoD
okwdk; ;o'tfo Bks/.. ;fG T[so/ gkg ewks/@ (n r 625
625)
dk noE eodh j? fe okw d/ dk;K dh ;zrs o{g ;o'to dk fJ BkB.
fJBQK Bz{ e'Jh g[ZS/ fe eh jfowzdo ;kfjp ftZu okw d/ dk; BjhA j[zd/ < eh
fJE/ uzv{ykB/ d/ g[ikoh j[zd/ jB<
nekb s s (;oho)
fJ; ;z;ko ftZu ihT[ ns/ fgzv d/ ;[w/b Bkb pD/ ihtK Bkb
;z;ko dh y/v e[dos ubk ojh j?. ;oho s'A p ?o i/ fe;/ xo ftu e'Jh o{j
p'b/ sK b'e vo e/ GZi iKd/ jB fe e'Jh G{s iK gq/s nk frnk j? ns/
nkswk s'A p ?o fJj ;oho fwZNh dk Y/oh fJZe fBof zd uh j?.
o{j dh [oke j? gow/ o dk Bkw, ehosB, [ZX thuko ns/ ;oho dh
y[oke j? gdkoE, ;wZroh. o{j dh [oke dk ;'wk Xow j? ns/ ;oho dhnK
b'VK g{ohnK j[zdhnK jB oki ;Zsk s'A. ;fsr[o{ ih B/ f;Zyh Bz{ jo gZy'A
;zg{oBsk p D bJh fiE/ gzithA i'fs B/ nkswk dh gqc[bsk bJh jfowzdo
ofunk sK S/thA i'fs B/ ;z;kfoe (;ohfoe) ;zg{oBsk bJh p f nk s s.
sK fe f;Zy d[fBnkth okfinK tKr wkfJe fsq Bk ftZu GNe B ikD BkT[
oZfynk nekb s s.
fJ; soQK jfowzdo o{gh o{j ns/ nekb s s o{gh ;oho tkbk,
pkDh d/ pkD/ dk XkoBh, rzqE s/ gzE d/ ;[w/b tkbk ebrhXo wjkoki B/
pDkfJnk ykb;k gzE. rqzE fpBk gzE e'Jh uh BjhA ns/ nekbh "i o{gh
kb;k gzE B/ jh ;ko/ ;z;ko ftZu rzqE dk oki ekfJw eoBk j?.
e[g ojhV/ d/ tZv/ xb{xko/ ftZu id ;t/o/ 6 ti/ s'A b? e/ d[gfjo 2
ti/ sZe ukbh j ko f;Zy jhdh gk rJ/ s/ kw Bz{ poBkb/ gzE ;' do[ d/
gkm bJh fJeZmk j'fJnk sK f;zxK B/ ebrhXo wjkoki Bz{fJZe fgnko Gfonk fwjDk wkfonk ;h
fe gzE Bz{rzE
q d/ bV bkfJnk ;h i/ gzE jh Bk ofjnk sK rzE
q e"D gVQr
/ k. fJ; bJh ebrhXo
fgsk rzE
q tk;s/ gzE Bz{ puk b?.

r[owfs ;/XK - 39

r[owfs ;/XK - 40

gzE eh oy' sT{ rzqE eh oj? rh BkE.

okyT[ i' B gzE eh sT[ rzqE eT[B wkB/rk.
(frnkBh frnkB f;zx)
pkg{ B/ fco B/V/ j' e/ ;[D bJh . n?;h ebk toskJh, fJe ;kb d/
nzdo jh bkj"o sfj ehsh T[; fgZS'A fco pfbT{ ;Nko T[go/ B sZe ed/
n?;k xb{xkok BjhA tofsnk.
;G Bz{ gsk j? fe fjzd[;skB dk ftXkB pDkT[D tkb/ nfXeK;
eKro;h ;h. ftXkB ftZu fes/ BjhA fbfynk fe rKXh yZdo d/ egV/ gkU
ns/ rKXh N'gh gfjB' go ;ko/ eKro;h fJj pkDk XkoB eod/ jB. feT[Afe
fJj eBz{B eKro;h gkoNh B/ eKro;hnK bJh pDkfJnk j? id fe ftXkB
;ko/ d/ bJh ;KMk j?.
fJ;/ soQK jfowzdo ftZu gqekf s r[o{ rzqE ;kfjp ;koh wB[Zysk
bJh nksfwe ihtB dk ftXkB j? fJ; bJh fJ; ftZu gzi eekoh ofjs
r[o{ ;kfjp B/ doi BjhA ehsh. fJj ofjs s/ j'o ofjs wo:kdk e/tb r[o{ e/
f;ZyK bJh j?.
jfowzdo ftZu jo fJZe gqkDh wkso dh nodk; j[zdh j? ns/ jo e'Jh
G/Nk ik e/ uVQk ;edk j? go nekb s s ;kfjp s/ e/tb nzfwqsXkoh
fsnko po fsnko f;zx jh fJ; dh k; irk s/ ik ;edk j?.
nekb s s ;kfjp s/ pkeh jo fJe pzd/ dh G/Nk gqtkB j[zdh j? s/
nodk; j[zdh j? go fi; nzfwqsXkoh f;zx B/ e'Jh G[Zb ehsh j't/ T[; dh G/Nk
gqtkB BjhA j[zdh. i' e/tb gzi f;zxK e'b g/ j'D wro'A sBykj brtk e/
jh gqtkB j[zdh j?. ;G ;zrs dh frnks bJh fJ; nk / dk fJZe ekch tZvk
p'ov fJBQK fjdkfJsK tkbk pfbT{ ;Nko T[go/ B s'A gfjbK nekb s s
;kfjp s/ bZrk j'fJnk ;h.
nekb s s kb;/ dh oki ;Zsk dk gqshe j?. ;z;kfoe ftjkfoe
ns/ oki;h ?;fbnK bJh r[ows/ nekb s s s/ jh j[zd/ nkJ/ jB ns/ gzE
bJh j[ewBkw/ fJE'A jh ikoh j[zd/ jB. fJ;/ bJh ebrhXo wjkoki d/ ;w/A s'A
nekb s s dk iE/dko jw/ k fsnko po fsnko yVrXkoh kb;k j[zdk
nkfJnk j?. jo dhtkbh s/ ft;kyh Bz{fJE/ gzEe fJeZm ftZu Xkofwe ns/ gzEe w;fbnK bJh
r[ows/ j[d
z / oj/ jB.
fJBQK fJeZmK ykso jh GkJh wBh f;zx ih B/ pzd pzd eNtkJ/. db
ykb;/ d/ gzi iZE/ pDkT[D dk ?;bk fJZE/ jh j'fJnk ns/ GkJh wBh f;zx

ih B/ nekb s s s'A gzi fB kB ;kfjp gzi/iE/dkoK Bz{fdZs./ Btkp eg{o f;zx Bz{Btkph d/D
dk ;
? bk fJE/ jh j'fJnk. e;{o dh bVkJh t/b/ th kb;/ dh uVQkJh dk ;
? bk th fJZE/ jh
j'fJnk.
ofjs wo:kdk s'A p/ w[y j'D ekoD wjkokik oDihs f;zx Bz{
sBykj fJE'A jh brkJh rJh . id wjkokik oDihs f;zx dh kjh "i c/
bQ j' rJh sK nekb s s d/ iZE/dko dh ewKv j/m nekbh c"i B/ jh
w[bskB dk febQk fsj ehsk ns/ B[ fjo/ dh bVkJh fiZs e/ ;oeko
kb;k Bz{ fdZsh. fJ;/ bJh fJ; ;dh d/ f;nk;h w'ou/ ns/ r[oXkwK dh
n kdh bJh w'ou/ nekb s s ;kfjp s'A jh [o{ j[zd/ oj/ jB.
go kb;/ dh gqG{;Zsk d/ bykfJe nekb sys B/ jw/ K ;fseko
jfowzdo ;kfjp dk ehsk j?. nk;k dh tko dh u"eh gfjbK jfowzdo ;kfjp
[o{ j[zdh j? fgS'A sys ;kfjp s/ fJ;/ soQK ;' do[ dk gkm gfjbK jfowzdo
;kfjp [o{ j[zdk j? ns/ fgS'A sys ;kfjp s/ [o{ j[zdk j?. fJ;/ eoe/ jfowzdo
;kfjp ykso nekb sys B/ (ykb;k gzE) nDfrDs e[opkBhnK fdZshnK
ns/ jw/ K nekb sys d/ iE/dko jfowzdo ;kfjp nZr/ M[e/ ofjzd/ jB.
s s ;kfjp s/ j'J/ r[owfsnK bJh nodk; Gh jfowzdo ;kfjp
j[zdh j?. pkpk r[opy f;zx B/ jhdh rkBk sys ;kfjp s/ pBQk e/ f;Zyh
f;de fBGD dh nodk; jfowzdo ;kfjp jh ehsh ns/ jhdh gkJh. id
pzdk pjkdo fgZS/ sys d/ tko;K ftZu MrVk tX frnk sK ?;bk jfowzdo
dh jfo eh gT[Vh s/ gouhnK gk e/ j'fJnk s/ ;ko/ gzE B/ gqtkB ehsk.
r[o{ ;kfjpkB ns/ jhd f;zx ;{ofwnK d/ so sys ;kfjp dh
'Gk tXk oj/ jB ns/ fJBQK d/ jo o' eokJ/ iKd/ do B ip nkt eh
nT[X fBXkB pD? nfs jh oD w? sp i{M woT[@ dh gq/oDk s s d/ tko;K Bz{
p d/ jB ns/ fpBQK ; so e/;z fdt' B dhdko/@ d/ j[ew dh gqgZesk jo
r[of;Zy Bz{ p d/ jB.
sys d/ tko; oki ;Zsk d/ B / ftu fes/ nkgD/ fB kB/ s'A GNe
BK ikD, fJ; bJh jfowzdo ftZu gqekf s r[o{ dh nkswk o{g rqzE ;kfjp
s'A jo o' gq/oDk s/ fusktBh nkT[Adh ofjzdh j?.
syfs okik ;' pj? fi sys? bkfJe j'Jh ..
fiBQh ;u[ gSkfDnk ;u[ oki/ ;/Jh .. (n r 1088
1088)
oki/ u[bh fBnkt eh gfVnk ;u[ fXnkB[ .. (n r 1240
1240)

r[owfs ;/XK - 41

r[owfs ;/XK - 42

T[go'es r[oo[ wkB d/ ;zXoG ftZu sZfenK nZiebQ d/ Bhbh grVh pzBD
Q tkb/ ny"sh
iE/dko i' fBZs nekb s s d/ fJeZm/ofjD bJh ;[rX
z K yk e/ sys ;kfjp Bz{fgZm fdzd/jB,
f;ZyK ns/ f;Zyh d/ eksbK (eKro; gkoNh) Bkb ;KM gkT[Ad/jB g[Zso w'j tZ; ;ko/ gzE dh nkB
kB o'bd/ jB iK fco nekb s s Bz{wzBD s'A jh fJBekoh j' e/ nkgD/ v/o/ ns/ pkp/ Bz{gqXkBsk
fdzd/jB, edKfus s s ;kfjp d/ tko; ns/ ebrhXo d/ pDkJ/ gzE dk nzr BjhA pD ;ed/./
ebrhXo wjkoki dk c[owkB j? fe fi; B/ w/o/ ;ohfoe do B eoB/ jB
gzE o{gh ;zrs d/ do B eo/ ns/ fi; B/ w/o/ Bkb rZbK eoBhnK jB T[j w/oh
nkswk o{gh rzE
q ;kfjp dh pkDh gVQ./ ;' r[o{ ;kfjp dh nkswk o{gh jfowzdo ns/
;ohfoe o{gh sys ;kfjp dk ;[wb
/ dk jh gqshe j? ;w{j dopko ;kfjp ezgb?e;.
fpp/ejhD ns/ r[owfs s'A e'o/ny"sh f;Zy p[ZXhFihth, f;Zyh pkD/ tkb/ ekwo/v ns/
okiBhfse pzd/jh soQK soQK dhnK B[esK uhBhnK ns/ soe ykb;k gzE dhnK gqg
z oktK s/ wkod/
jB. ebrhXo wjkoki dk c[owkB fJBQK Bz { gVQBk ukjhdk j?.
nkgB'g' ;qh ykb;/, dhBk d[sh:k o{g ;fsr[o{ rzqEk..
r[BkBtkd g[fB f;cfs ;bkjfB, T[mfs p?mfs ;?B eozEk..
gktB gz E ykb;k gq r fN:' , uko poB nk ow [ G gz E k..
fJB e' do; ;fsr[ o { e' do B, p' b B r[ o { pd r[ o { rz q E k..
d`kd; o{g ;fsr[o{ J/ ejh:s, d`kdf; GkB gqrfN jo izsk..
gqs:y ebk gkopqjw XDhS?, rzqE gzE ykb;k toszsk..
dk; r'fpzd cfsj ;fsr[o e' yk; rzqE r[o{ o{g pzdsk ..
(;op b'j rzqE)

nkg jk o j' e/ GkJh jhok f;zx okrh dh jZEhA fdB d/ 2 ti/ G/Nk ehsk. dopko ;kfjp tb'A
jkih ;kfjp Bz{101 ;'B/dh w[joK ns/ 160 o[gJ/ d/ w[Zb dk X[Z;k, fJZe pBko;h o/ wh d[ZgNk fJZe
yZdo dk ghbk goBk f;o'gk tk;s/ p j'Jh . n;;
' dh rZb j? fe fJj u"o jfow do
;kfjp dh do Bh fvT[Yh T[go s' y/ kB/ ftZu j'o tvw[ZbhnK t;sK Bkb 1984 d/ pfbT{ ;Nko
T[go/ B t/b/ B N j' frnk .

tkfjr[o{ ih ek kb;k tkfjr[o{ ih eh sfj .

u"o dk t/otk L
jkih w[jzwd w;ehB bkj"o dk ofjD tkbk ;h pj[s ;wK wZe/ ftZu
r[ kfonk. nkgD/ d/ gos e/ u"o fJ; B/ fsnko ehsk. fJj u"o 9 wD 14
;/o (seohpB fszB e[fJzNb) uzdB dh bZeVh s'A pfDnk j'fJnk j? ns/ fJ;
d/ pj[s pohe fJZe bZy gzskbh j ko o/ / jB i' fe 5 ;kb 7 wjhB/ dh
; s fwjBs Bkb pfDnk j?. fJ; d/ w[Zm/ s/ uKdh dk gZsok ufVQnk
j'fJnk j? ns/ fJ; T[go fJj pd T[eo/ j'J/ jB. gKu po; ;ks wjhB/ w/
;zdb e/ pkb' e' pBks/ j{J/ J/e bky gzskbh j ko pkb' ek :kj u"o ;kys
jkih w;ehB d;seko eh so ;/ kj eh fydws w/ bk:k frnk@.
nekb sys ;kfjp d/ Go/ dhtkB ftZu 31 d;zpo 1952 Bz{ jkih ;kfjp B/

!!!

r[owfs ;/XK - 44

ykb;k w/o' o{g j? yk;

1> ;fsr[o gq;kfd ..
fi; soQK fe;/ fJwkos dk gfjbK Be k pDkfJnk iKdk j?, fco BhAj oZyh iKdh j?, T[;koh
eoe/ SZs gkJh iKdh j?, T[gozs jo sohe/ Bkb fzrko e/ nzs ftZu fJwkos dk BkT[A oZfynk iKdk
j? ns/ gfjukD bJh e'Jh fB kBh fpbfvzr T[Zgo pDkJh iKdh j?, fJ;/ soQK X[o dorkj s'A gqkgs
ns/ gqtkfBs Be / nB[;ko ;qh r[o{BkBe d/t wjkoki B/ kb;k gzE o{gh wzdo dh BhAj oZyh .
fJ; dh g[ Nh GkJh r[odk; ih eod/ jB L
wkfonk f;ek irfs ftfu
BkBe fBowb gzE[ ubkfJnk .. (Gka r[a tko 1 $45
45)
fJ; d/ ftZu gqufbs ohsK, o;wK, gq goktK, tZy-tZy thukoXkoktK,
dko fBe wZsK s'A fpbe[b BthBsk tkbk, frqj;E ftZu T[dk; tkb/
Xow wzdo dh f;oiBk ehsh . fi; dh BhAj ftZu Bkw, dkB, fJ BkB iK
ej' feqs eo', Bkw ig' ns/ tzv Se' dk w;kbk gkfJnk .
d/ fd Kso dk oNB eoe/, nkgD/ thukoK dk gquko ehsk, Xkofwe
;EkBK, wZmK, v/fonK d/ w[yhnK, ghoK ehoK ns/ shoEK s/ bZr/ w/fbnK
ftZu ik e/, ;G B{z nkgDh ftukoXkok dk ekfJb eoe/ nkgD/ ehoh
iwkb dk f;Zek iwkfJnk ns/ wkBt GbkJh bJh nkgD/ ftukoK B{z fuo
ekb sZe ;ziht oZyD bJh pkDh ouh .
uoD gj[b dh ohs ubk e/ r[o{ u/b/ eh ;zfX fwbkJ/ d/ wkbe r[o{
pkp/ B/ r[o{ u/bk u/bk r[o ;zdk B{z gqtkfBs j'J/ GkJh bfjDk ih B{z, nzdo'A
ns/ pkjo'A nkgD/ fijk pDk e/ r[o{ nzrd d/ o{g ftZu gqrN ehsk. fJBK B/
nZr'A r[o{ pkp/ dh ftukoXkok B{z nZr/ s'od/ j'J/ r[opkDh dh ;zGkb dk ezw
[o{ ehsk ns/ nkfd r[o{ d/ ;zrsh gzE B{z gZek ehsk .
r[o{ nzrd d/t wjkoki d/ T[sonfXekoh, ;qh r[o{ nwodk; ih B/ r[o{
BkBe gks kj d/ T[gd/ ;G wfj i'fs i'fs j? ;'fJ d/ T[gd/ B[z w p{s
eoB bJh ;zrs d/ Bkb gzrs B{z gqXkBsk fdZsh . pkT[bh ftZu ;zrsh
fJ BkB ns/ gzrs dh ohs ubkJh i' fe ;z;ko ftZu fJZe BthA ohs ;h.
r[o{ pkp/ d/ u"E/ ;o{g ;qh r[o{ okwdk; ih B/ gfjb/ r[o{ ;kfjpK d/

gq'rokw B{z nZr/ s'ofdnK f;Zy irs bJh, Bt/A Xow bJh, BthB Xkofwe
e/Ado ns/ ;o'to bJh uZe okwdk;g[ok dh f;oiDk ehsh i' j[D ;qh
nzfwqs;o d/ BkT[A Bkb gqf;ZX j? .
;qh r[o{ noiB d/t wjkoki B/ fJ; ;o'to ftueko fpbe[b fBnkoh
fe;w dk uko dotkf nK tkb/ nokXBk ;EkB ;qh jfowzdo ;kfjp dh
ouBk ehsh . fJ; wzdo dh BhAj r[o{ ;kfjp B/ j os ;KJh whnK who, fJZe
w[;fbw ;{ch eho d/ jZEhA Xok e/ ;z;ko ftZu n;uoisk tkbk ezw eo
fdykfJnk ns/ ;G wfj i'fs i'fs j? ;'fJ nkfd r[o{ d/ T[gd/ s/ w[jo
brk fdZsh .
fJ; s'A fJbktk ;qh r[o{ BkBe d/t wjkoki d/ ubkJ/ fJ; kb;k gzE
B{z nzsod/;h gzE pDkT[D bJh ns/ wB[Zysk d/ efbnkD bJh i' wjkB
goT[geko ehsk, T[j ;h, ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp dh ;zgkdBk eoe/ fJ; jfo
wzdo ftZu gqek eoBk . ;op ;KMhtkbsk, ;op Xow ;zw/bB o{gh fJ;
rqzE ftZu, tZy tZy XowK d/ wjKg[o K d/ thukoK B{z, fJZe ;{s ftZu gq' e/,
fi; soQK r[o{ ;kfjp B/ fJj gqsZy eokwks ehsh j?, Bk fe;/ B/ gfjbK
ehsh ns/ Bk jh fgZS'A e'Jh eo ;fenk j? .
fw; goba n?;a pZe torhnK B'pb gqkJh fti/sk ; hnsK ns/
;z;ko gZXo d/ dko fBeK nB[;ko, ni'e/ ftfrnkB B/ id ;z;ko d/ j'o
XowK B{z u[zfXnk fdZsk j? sK ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp d[BhnK B{z pj[s e[ZM d/D
bJh ;woZE jB . nzs ftu f;ZyK B{z nkgD/ n;{bK s/ gogZe ofjD dk
T[ g d/ d/ D bJh jkds dh gqzgok ubk e/ kb;k gzE d/ gfjb/ jhd j'J/ .
;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih B/ gfjb/ r[o{nK d/ T[gd/ , Bkw, dkB,
fJ BkB ns/ ;zrs gzrs B{z ikoh oZyfdnK iE/pzdh B{z w p{s eoB bJh ;qh
nekb sys dh ouBk eoe/ whoh ghoh dk BtK ;zebg gqdkB ehsk ns/
so Xkoh j'D dk fB:w pDkfJnk .
;qh r[o{ jfo okfJ ;kfjp ih B/ ;G ftZu fJZe i'fs d/yfdnK nkgD/
fgsk d/ t?oh, kjijK d/ g[Zso bJh nkgD/ s' /ykB/ ftZu'A d[obG t;sK
d/, ikB puk e/ nkgD/ f;ZyK B{z Bk e' p?oh Bjh fprkBk dk ;pe
f;ykfJnk . nkgD/ gfjb/ r[o{nK d/ T[gd/ K s/ fdqVsk Bkb gfjok d/D
bJh, nkgD/ gZ[so pkpk okwokfJ B{z nkfd r[o{ dh pkDh pdbD bJh,
fsnkr e/ fJe fw;kb ekfJw ehsh .

r[owfs ;/XK - 45

r[owfs ;/XK - 46

fJ;/ soQK ;qh r[o{ jfofeq B ih B/ p o? fe;/ Xow, iks, B;b, ozr ns/ fbzr d/ ftseo/
d/, fJ; nzsod/ h Xow d/ b
;/ nB[;ko fdZbh ftZu phwkoh g?D s/ o'rhnK dh ;/tk eoB dh
iKu dZ;h.
B"t/A r[o{, s/r pjkdo ;kfjp wjkoki B/ G? ekj{ eT[ d/s Bfj Bfj G?
wkBs nkB (ihU ns/ ihT{D fdU) dk ;pe f;ykfJnk . gow/ oh r[D,
dhB gqtoh B{z w[Zy oZyfdnK, nkgDk gokfJnk Bk ftukofdnK, dhB w b{w
dh oZfynk bJh e[opkB j'D dk gkm gVQkfJnk . fi; B{z j[D ;zehoB ;'u
tkb/ eZNV gzEh fjzd{UA eh oy k e/ bhJ/ pbhdkB nky oj/ jB .
fJ; ekoi ;dek jh, ;z;ko dh ;ot T[Zu ;z;Ek B/, ;ko/ ;z;ko dhnK
Xkofwe j;shnK ftu'A e/tb ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ;kfjp ih dk 300 ;kbk
jhdh fdB :{an?BaUa gZXo dk wBkfJnk j? .
fi; wfjb dh BhAj ;qh r[o{ BkBe d/t wjkoki B/ oZyh, nrb/ nZm r[o{
;kfjpkB B/ T[;kfonk, fsnkoh eoe/ ;ztkfonk, ekdo/ joeko, p/ e;K ok
:ko, i[wbk c?f B{o, ykb;' p/ ehBk, ;kfjp ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih B/ fJ;
B{z jo gZy'A ;zg{oBsk d/ e/ BkT[A oZfynk - ykb;k gzE . gfjukD bJh
p f nk e/ ; oh fB kB ;kfjp ns/ pkjo' A oytkbh bJh ofjs dh tkV
fB:s ehsh .
wB[Zysk dh GbkJh tkb/ ;ko/ d?th r[D dfJnk, Xow, fjzws, ;fs
;zs'y, fBoG?sk, fBot?osk ns/ ;kfjph dh fB kBh feqgkB Bkb ;ik e/
ebrhXo wjkoki B/ fco T[Zuh nktk ftZu fejk,
ykb;k nekb g[oy eh c"i ..
gqrNU ykb;k gqwksw eh w"i ..
(;op b'j rqzE)
;qh r[o{ BkBe d/t wjkoki dk p f nk Bkw, dkB, fJ BkB dk ;pe
fdqVQk e/, r[o{ nwodk; wjkoki dk ;zrs ns/ gzrs dk XkoBh pDk e/,
ebrhXo fgsk B/, ;qh r[o{ okw dk; wjkoki d/ ;EkB s/ ;qh r[o{ noiB
d/t wjkoki tb'A gqekf s ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp d/ bV kb;/ B{z brk e/,
jw/ K bJh d/jXkoh r[o{ d/ ;zebg dk G'r gk fdZsk .
fJ;/ soQK ;qh r[o{ jfo r'fpzd f;zx dh ;'u nB[;ko soXkoh j'Dk
bk wh eoe/, eSfjok ns/ eVk nkgD/ tZb'A p e/, tkfjr[o{ ih eh
s
fj ns/ p'b/ ;' fBjkb ;fs ;qh nekb dk i? ekok d/, nekb g[o dh i
" B{z ;qh r[o{ rqE
z

;kfjpdhskp/leoBhewkJhtkb/fsnko-go-fsnkogzif;zxKBkbgzugoXkBhgqEkdhBthAohs jw/ K-jw/ K bJh ekfJw eo fdZsh .

;qh r[o{jfookfJ ;kfjp ns/ ;qh r[o{jfo feq B ;kfjp nB[;ko dhB d[yh, b'Vtzd ns/ p/
;jkfonK dk nk;ok pDk e/, ;qh r[o{s/r pjkdo tKr G
[ eowB s/ epj{zB No'A dk T[gd/
d/, nfs jh oD wfj sp i{M wo'A dk gkm gVQk e/ j[ew ehsk, kb;/ B/ (1) g{ik nekb eh (2)
gouk pd dk (3) dhdko kb;/ dk (4) nwb gq kd/ ek ns/ nfGnk; Bkw pkDh dk oZyDk
j? .
fJ; soQK nZi s'A 302 ;kb gfjbK t?;kyh tkb/ fdB r[o{ BkBe Bkw
b/tk ;zrsK B{z uoB gj[b dh EK yzv/ dh gj[b p e/ r[o ;zrfs ehBh
ykb;k nB[;ko ;z;ko B{z gqrN eo fdZsk L
ykb;k w/o' o{g j? yk; ..
ykb;k wfj jT[A eoT[ fBtk; .. (;op b'j rqzE)
fJ;/ ;w/A jh d;w/ fgsk B/ yzv/ dh gj[b d/ XkoBh kb;/ B{z dZf;nk
fe nZi s'A s/ok (fgSbk) Xow Bk , e[b Bk , iks Bk , d/ Bk , s/o/
fgSb/ ;G eow Bk ns/ kb;k w/ok ns/ w?A kb;/ dk . nZi s'A kb;/ B/
fJj ofjs oZyDh j? .
(1)
fJZe nekb g[oy s'A fpBK fe;/ d/th, d/ts/ ntsko g? zpo dh
T[gk;Bk BjhA eoBh .
fpB eosko Bk feosw wkBT[ .
nkfd ni' f B ni? nfpBk h sj gq w / o ikBT[ . 33 ;tZ:/ (d;w rqzE)
noE L-fJZe eoDjko eosko s'A fpBK, T[; dh ehsh j'Jh feos
(feosw) B{z BjhA wzBDk. i' ;G s'A nkfd, fe;/ i{Bh ftZu Bk
nkT[D tkb/, i' fe;/ s'A fiZfsnk Bk ik ;e/, ns/ fi; dk ed/
Bk BjhA j[zdk, e/tb T[; B{z jh gow/ o wzB' .)
(2)
gzi fsnko-po-fsnko Bkw-pkDh d/ o;hJ/ f;zxK dk fsnko ehsk
yzv/ dk nzfwqs SeDk.
(3)
eZS (eSfjok), eVk, feqgkB dk ft;kj BjhA eoBk, e/;K dh
;zGkb d' t/b/ ezx/ Bkb eoBh.
(4)
e/;K dh p/ndph BjhA eoBh, e[Zmk BjhA ykDk, swke{ BjhA tosDk ns/ go Bkoh, go
g[o dk ;zr BjhA eoBk .
(5)
f;o r[zw (w'Bk) e[Vh wko, BVh wko (j[Zek ghD tkb/) Bkb o'Nh p/

r[owfs ;/XK - 47

r[owfs ;/XK - 48

Nh dh ;KM BjhA eoBh.

(6)
r[o{ xo d/ d'yhnK, whD/, w;zd, okw okJhJ/ ns/ Xho wZbhnK Bkb
fwbtosB BjhA eoBk.
(7)
Xow dh feos eoBh ns/ tzv SeDk .
gkmeK d/ fB;u/ bJh d;w/ fgsk d/ nkgD/ eo ewbK Bkb ehs/
d;ysK tkbk ns/ r[o{ dopko dh w[jo bZrk j[ew Bkwk i' ekpb
dh ;zrs tZb G/fink frnk, T[; dh ;jh Beb fJ; Nq?eN d/
n ho ftZu fdZsh rJh j? . (fJ; j[ew Bkw/ dh w{b ekgh dh 'N'
ns/ n;b ekgh Gh gzE gk; w"i{d j?) .
nzs ftZu T[j e;tZNh dZ;h fi; Bkb ;z;ko goy ;e/ ns/ gfjukB
;e/ fe kb;k e"D j? ns/ kb;k efjbkT[D tkbk nkgD/ nkg B{z goy
;e/ .
ikrs i's ig? fB; pk;[o
(1)
J/e fpBk wB B?e B nkB? ..
g{oB gq/w gqshs ;i?
(2)
pqs r'o wVh wN G{b B wkB? ..
shoE dkB dfJnk sg ;ziw
(3)
J/e fpBk Bj J/e gSkB? ..
g{oB i'fs ir? xN w?
(4)
sp ykb; skfj Bykb; ikB?.. 1 .. (;op b'j rqEz )
noE L(1)
i' fJZe u/sB gqek o{g gqG{ s'A fpBK fe;/ j'o B{z ozue wkso th wB
ftZu BjhA fbnkT[Adk (fXnkT[Adk) .
(2)
fi; dk fjodk u/sB gqek gqG{ d/ fgnko Bkb ns/ g{oB Go';/
Bkb ;fink j'fJnk j? ns/ tos (g{oBwk h, eotk u"E nkfd
fe;/ fe;w dk tos), epo, wVQh iK ;wkX ns/ nBwsK d/ v/o/
wZm nkfd B{z G[Zb e/ th BjhA wzBdk .
(3)
(fjzd{nK d/) shoE ns/ dkB nkfd (d/ sohe/) p'XhnK tkbh d:k
ns/ i?BhnK tork ;ziw iK nB/e soQK d/ ib Xko/, d/jh B{zeN d/D tkb/ sg skgD
B wzB e/ fJZe gow/ o dh gqw
/ k GrshfpBKfe;/j'odhgSkDjhBjhAeodk, ns/
(4)
fi; d/ fjod/ nzdo r[owfs nB[;ko ihtB ihT[AfdnK gow/ o dh g{oB i'fs irdh

j?, T[j jh kb;k j? ns/ T[; B{z jh Z[ X kb;k ikDBk ukjhdk j? .

ftukoB tkbh rZb j? fe fJj f;Zfynk fe;/ fJZe foe/ bJh iK fe;/ k; B;b d/ pzd/
bJh, d/ d/ fe;/ fJe fyZs/d/ tk;hnK bJh bkGdkfJe j? iK fe eZb
[ ;z;ko d/ wB[Zy wkso bJh
< s/ fco fJ; ;op ;KMhtkbsk tkb/ Xow d/ XkoBh nekb g[oy ehi
" o{gh kb;/ B{z fe;/ d/
iK Xow dh oZfynk kso g?dk ehs/ efjD tkb/ dh wZs B{z eh fejk ik ;edk j? <
;fsr[o{ih d/ fJ; gftZso T[gd/ s'A ;fji/ jh gsk uZb iKdk j? fe r[o{;kfjp B/,
fJj gzE, Bk sK T[; ;w/A nB[;ko wb/SK (w[;bwkBK) B{zBk eoB bJh pDkfJnk ;h ns/ Bk jh
d{;oh Gk k ftZu eko (fjzdn
{ K) dh oZfynk bJh pDkfJnk ;h .
fJ;/ soQK i' g[o , ;Gk iK e'Jh gkoNh fJj gquko eodh j? fe yzv/dh gj[b ns/ pkD/
dh ofjs gfjb/ r[on
{ K B/ BjhA dZ;h, ;w/A dh b'V nB[;ko e/tb r[o{r'fpzd f;zx ;kfjp ih B/ dZ;h
j? T[j Gh x'o nzXeko ftZu rq;h fposh d/ wkbe jB . d{i/bc K ftZu sK T[j ebrhXo fgsk
B{zr[o{wzBD s'A jh fJBekoh jB . go i/ T[j T[BK B{zr[o{wzBd/ jB sK fco r[o{;kfjp dh dZ;h
ofjs s'A fJBekoh j'Dk tZvh G[Zb j? . feT[Afe d;w/ fgsk B/ jh r[o{BkBe d/t wjkoki d/ ubkJ/
gzE B{z;zgo{ Bsk p h j? . id r[o{BkBe wjkoki s'A nZr/j'o nZm r[o{ftneshnK (fi; soQK
gfjbK dZf;nk frnk j?) nkgDk :'rdkB fJ; gzE bJh gk ;ed/ jB, sK d;w fgsk d/ gkJ/ fJ;
:'rdkB s'A w[Beo j'Dk x'o wBwZs j? .
fJ;/ soQK i/ e'Jh r[o{ dk f;Zy nytk e/ (ukj/ T[j feZvk th
wjKg[o j't/) r[o{ ;kfjp tb'A ubkJh gqzgok iK ofjs ftZu, gzE s'A tZyok j'
e/ e'Jh GzB s'V (gzi eekoh ofjs iK wo:kdk ftZu) eodk j? T[; B{z
;theko BjhA ehsk ik ;edk ns/ Bk jh e'Jh f;Zy nytk e/ n?;k eo
;edk j? . e/tb nkgDh wZs B{z nZr/ oZy e/, r[o{ s'A nkeh j' e/ ns/ r[o{ dk
ohe pD e/ jh e'Jh n?;k eo ;edk j? . f;Zy j'D d/ Bks/ ;kvk o
pDdk j? fe n;hA e/tb r[o{ BkBe gks kj ns/ r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;kfjp d/ do;kJ/ wkor
nB[;ko r[o{rqE
z ns/ r[o{gzE d/ j[ew nB[;ko ihtB iKu ngDkn e/ ihtB ;bk eohJ/ .
d{;o/ gk;/ nZi dk fdB ;kv/ bJh nkgD/ nkg dh gVu'b eoB dk fdB j? fe i' n;{b
nZi d/ fdB kb;/ bJh ebrhXo fgsk B/ fBoXkfos ehs/ ;h eh n;hA T[BKQ dh XkoBh jK < nkU
;ko/ kb;k efjbkT[D tkb/ nkgD/ nkg B{zg[ZShJ/ L(1)
eh n;hA yzv/dh gj[b d/ XkoBh jK <
(2)
nzfwqs t/b/ dh ;zGkb eoe/ fBoXkfos f;woB, fBsB/w ns/ r[o{
do B dk ;[Gkr gqkgs eod/ jK <
(3)
eh ;kv/ fjod/ ftZu gqG{ fgnko dh fuDr Gy ojh j? <

r[owfs ;/XK - 49

r[owfs ;/XK - 50

e[ofjsK s'A pu/ j'J/jK <

r[o{ wfs nB[;ko, nkuko, ftjko ns/ njko eod/ jK <
Xow dh feos eoe/ d;tzX eZYd/ jK <
eh n;hA fJZe nekb B{z SZv e/ fe;/ j'o d/th, d/ts/ iK ny"sh
GrtkBK d/ wzdoK, ghoK dhnK epoK ns/ wVQhnK s/ wZE/ orV e/
wzBsK sK BjhA wzBd/ <
(8)
eh n;hA nBwshnK tKr rB ng rB, tosK, okXK ns/ j'o
tfjwK GowK d/ f eko sK BjhA <
(9)
eh n;hA gq kd/ s'A f;tkfJ j'o e'Jh nwb sK BjhA eod/ <
(10)
eh n;hA gouk pd ;[ofs d/ T[gd/ B{z SZv e/ wB B{z j'o
goukftnK, sk , GzrV/, bZuo rhsK tkb/ ny"sh ;fGnkukfoe
w/fbnK Bkb goukT[Ad/ jK <
(11)
eh n;hA nkgD/ nkg B{z gzE dk nzr ikD e/ gzE dh e'Jh ;/tk sB,
wB, XB Bkb eod/ jK <
fJBQK rZbK B{z thuko e/ ;`? gVu'b eohJ/ fe n;hA feZE/ yVQ/ jK <
fJ; soQK eoe/ n;hA nkgDk, nkgD/ gotko dk, nkgD/ d/ dk
ns/ g{oh wB[Zysk dk Gbk eo oj/ j'tKr/ . fJ; soQK eoB Bkb i/
e'Jh xkN B o nkT[Adh j? sK r[o [owkB j? L
ihn eh fpoEk j'fJ ;[ r[o gfj nodkf; efo .. (n r 519
519)
;Zu/ fdb'A r[o{ nZr/ nodk; eoB ftZu fpbe[b d/o BjhA eoBh
ukjhdh, fBozso eoh ikDh ukjhdh j? ns/ brksko eoh ikDh ukjhdh j?. r[opkDh tko tko
Go';k fdbKdh j? fe r[o{;dk ;kv/ Bkb j?, ;kvh jo rZb ;[Ddk j?, d/ydk j? ns/ ;kvh GktBk
B{zikDdk j? . Go';/Bkb ehsh fBozso nodk; Bkb r[od
[ t
/ wksk, r[od
{ t
/ fgsk i' nkgD/ ;e/
g[ZsoK s'A tZX nkgD/ f;ZyK B{zfgnko eodk j?, fJZe fdB o{o s[mr
/ k . fYZb ;kv/ tZbA' j?, r[o{tZbA'
BjhA j? . r[o{ jw/ K nkgD/ f;ZyK bJh pkjK T[bkoh yVQk j? . d/oh ;kv/ tZbA' j? . n;hA T[; tZb
tXhJ/sK;jhfit/ALuoB ;ofB r[o J/e g?Avk ikfJ ub,
;fsr[o e'fN g?Avk nkr/ j'fJ b/s j? ..
J/e pko ;fsr[o wzsq f;woB wksq,
f;woB skfj pkozpko r[o j/s j? ..
GktBh Grfs GkfJ eT[vh nr
nrqq Gkr oky?,

skfj r[o ;op fBXkB dkB d/s j? ..

;fsr[o[ dfJnk fBfX wfjwk nrkfX p'fX,
Bw' Bw' Bw' Bw' B/fs B/fs B/fs j?A .. (efpZs Gka r[a 111
111)
;fsr[o{ feogk eoB fe n;hA f;nk;h bhvoK, ekwo/vh f;ZyK, v/o/
dko, G/yh ;zsK ns/ Bk;seg[D/ tkb/ ny"sh f;Zy p[ZXhihthnK dh ftu'brh
fsnkr e/ r[o{ pkDh okjhA f;ZXk r[o{ Bkb okpsk pDk ;ehJ/ . uzubsk,
us[osk ns/ j'S/gD dh fezs{ gqzs{ tkbh wZs B{z fsnkr e/ r[o{ T[gd/ d/
XkoBh pD ;ehJ/ feT[Afe r[o [owkB j? L;fsr[o eh pkDh ;fs ;fs efo ikDj[ r[of;yj[ .
jfo eosk nkfg w{jj[ eYkfJ .. (n r 308
308)
(r[o{ tZb'A fBoXkfos ihtB i[rs)
fBZs feqnk Lwjbk 4 rT[Vh eh tko,
r[o ;fsr[o ek i' f;y[ nykJ/
;[ Gbe/ T[fm jfo Bkw[ fXnkt? ..
T[dw[ eo/ Gbe/ goGksh
fJ;BkB[ eo/ nzfwqs-;fo Bkt? ..
T[gd/f;
f ; r[o{ jfo jfo ig[ ikg?
;fG febf
ty gkg d'y bfj ikt? ..
febfty
fcfo uV? fdt;[ r[opkDh rkt?
pjfdnk T[mfdnk jfo Bkw[ fXnkt? ..
i' ;kf; frokf; fXnkJ/ w/ok jfo jfo
;' r[of;y[ r[o{ wfB Gkt? ..
fi; B' dfJnkb[ j't? w/ok ;[nkwh
fs;[ r[of;y r[o{ T[gd/;[ ;[Dkt? ..
iB[ BkBe[ X{fV wzr? fs;[ r[of;y eh
i' nkfg ig? ntoj Bkw[ igkt? .. (n r 305-306
305-306)
nkjko L
pkpk j'o[ ykDk y[;h y[nko[ ..
fis[ ykX? sB[ ghVhn?
wB wfj ubfj fteko .. (n r 16-17
16-17)

(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)

r[owfs ;/XK - 51

gfjoktk L
pkpk j'o[ g?BD[ y[;h y[nko[..
fis g?X? sB[ ghVhn?
wB wfj ubfj fteko .. (n r 16-17
16-17)
n?;h gZr pzBQD dk e'Jh kfJdk BjhA i' r[odopko wZEk N/eD ftZu
nfVZek pD/ . n?;h ihB gfjBD dk e'Jh kfJdk BjhA i' r[o dopko ftu
u"AeVh wko e/ p?mD Bk d/t/, n?;/ GVehb/ ozr dh g[ ke dk e'Jh kfJdk
BjhA i' ;oho d/ nzrK dk gqdo B eo e/ fe;/ dk fuZs v[bkt/ .
fgSb oksh
;BkB[ fdVkJ/ ..
okshAA ikrDk Bkw[ dkB[ fJ
fJ;
fwmk p'bD[ fBt ubD[ jEj[ d/ e
e?? Gbk wBkJ
wBkJ// ..
E'Vk ;tDk yktDk E'Vk p'bB[ r[owfs gkJ/ ..
xkfb ykfJ ;[feqs[ eo? tvk j'fJ B nkg[ r
DkJ/ ..
rD
15
(GkJha r[L tko 28
28$15
15)
feos Lxkfb ykfJ feS[ jEj[ d/fJ ..
BkBe okj[ gSkDfj ;/fJ .. (n r 1245
1245)
;KMhtkbsk L(1) irs[ ibzdk ofy b? nkgDh feogk Xk
Xkff o ..
fis[ d[nko? T[po? fss? b?j[ T[pkfo.. (n r 853
853)
[ hnk ;zfBnk;h
(2) e'T{ GfJU wzv
e'T{ i'rh GfJU
e'T{ pqjwukoh e'T{ ish nB[wkBp' ..
fjzd{ s[oe e'T{ okcih fJwkw ;kch
wkB; eh iks ;p? J/e? gfjukBp' ..
eosk eohw ;'Jh okie ojhw UJh
d{;o' B G/d e'Jh G{b Gqw wkBp' ..
J/e jh eh ;/t ;G jh e' r[od/t J/e
J/e jh ;o{g ;p? J/e? i's ikBp' ..85..
(nekb T[;ss)
ns/
d/jok w;hs ;'Jh g{ik n" fBtki UJh

r[owfs ;/XK - 52

wkB; ;p? J/e g? nB/e e' GqwkT[ j? .

d/tsk nd/t iZS rzXqp s[oe fjzd{
fBnko/ fBnko/ d/;B e/ G/; e' gqGkT[ j? .
J/e? B?B J/e? ekB J/e? d/j J/e? pkB
yke pkd nks; n" nkp e' obkT[ j? .
(fwZNh (jtk) (nZr) (gkDh) ;[w/b j? .
nbj nG/y ;'Jh g[okB n" e[okB UJh
J/e jh ;o{g ;G? J/e jh pBkT[ j? ..16..
(nekb T[;ss)
kb;/ dh ofjs L
(1) ;' f;y[ ;yk pzXg[ j? GkJh
fi r[o e/ GkD/ ftfu nkt? ..
nkgD? GkD? i' ub? GkJh
ftS[fV u'Nk ykt? .. (n r 601
601)
(2) ofjDh oj? ;'Jh f;y w/ok,
tj mke[o w?A T[; ek u/ok .
(3) ojs fpBk Bfj f;zx ejkt/ .
ojs fpBk do u'Nk ykt? .
ojs fpBk ;[y epj{ B bj? .
sK s/ ojs ;[ fdqVQ eo rj? .
(ofjsBkwk Gka d/;k f;zx)
fB kfB f;yh JhA g i jofc ek .
(fJj ekc (e) f;Zyh dh fB kBh j?)
jof
B pk d Jh
JhAA g
gzzi w[nkk .
(fe;/ jkbs ftu th fJBQK B{z SZfvnk BjhA ik ;edk)
eVk ekod' eZS ezxk fpdK .
(eVk, feqgkB, eZS ns/ ezx/ s'A fJbktk)
fpBk e/ ; j/ u n;s i[ w bk fB K .
(i/ f;o s/ e/; BjhA sK fJBQK dk eh bkG)
(d;w rqzE)
gj[ b L

r[owfs ;/XK - 53

r[o wzsq jhD;Q i' gqkDh fXqrzs iBw Gq;NDj..

e{eoj ;{eoj roXGj ekej ;ogBj s[fb ybj .. (n r 1356
1356)
(fi; B/ r[o{ XkoB eoe/ r[owzsq BjhA fbZsk
T[j w{oy gqkDh, e[Zsk, ;{o, eK, rX/ ns/ ;Zg d/ ;wkB j?)
(2) ;fsr[o pkMj[ r[o[ Bjh e'Jh
fBr[o/ ek j? BkT[ p[ok .. (n r 435
435)
(3) oy/ e/; gkj[b fpBK G/yh w{oy f;y .
w/ o k do B Bkfj sj gkgh fsnkr? fGy . (ofjsBkwk)
(1)

!!!

r[owfs ;/XK - 55

r[owfs ;/XK
efb skoe, irs-r[o,{ r[o{BkBe d/t wjkoki nkgDh g{op dh T[dk;h t/b/wjkB
ne
' dh okiXkBh gkNbhg[Zso ns/ nZieZbQd/ gNB/ fjo d/ pkjo rzrk d/ ezY/nkgD/ ozr ftZu
p?m/;B . E'VhQ d/o fgZSA' GkJh wodkBk B/ p/Bsh ehsh, wjkoki ! G[Zy bZrh j?, nkfrnk eo' .
;fsr[o{ih B/ fJ kok eo e/ fejk T[j rhNk u[Ze, pk ko ftZu t/u e/ nkg yk nk ns/ w/o/bJh
b? nkT[Dk .
j[ew w B GkJh wodkBk ih B/ po/sh u'A T[j rhNk u[Zfenk ns/
p ko tZb s[o fgnk . gfjbK jbtkJh dh d[ekB s/ ik e/ jbtkJh Bz{
rhNk fdZsk go jbtkJh B/ rhNk t/y e/ e[ZM Gh d/D s'A fJBeko eo fdZsk.
fco d{;oh d[ekB s/ frnk . d[ekBdko efjD bZrk fJj rhNk fe;/ ezw dk
BjhA ns/ f;o fJZe w{bh d/D bJh jh ok h j'fJnk . fJ;/ soQK GkJh
wodkBk ih B/ fJ; ft tk; Bkb, fe i/ r[o{ BkBe ;Zu/ gks kj B/ j[ew
ehsk j? fe rhNk t/u e/ gq kd yk bthA sK o{o jh fJj fJB/ w[Zb dk j't/
rk, ;kok p ko rkj wkfonk go fes'A Gh ykD bJh e[ZM Bk fwfbnk .
pbfe soQK soQK dhnK rZbK ;[D e/ ow;ko j'Dk fgnk .
n ho EZe e/ GkJh wodkBk ih fJZe T[Zuh d[ekB d/ j/mK p?m
rJ/ . E'Vh d/o fgZS'A d[ekB ftZu'A fJZe Gb/ g[o B/ nk e/ g[ZfSnk, GkJh s{z
e"D j?A, feE'A nkfJnk j?A ns/ fJE/ feT[A p?mk j?A< GkJh wodkBk ih B/ p/Bsh
ehsh fe G[Zy bZrh ;h . w/o/ wkbe B/ fJe S'Nk fijk rhNk d/ e/ nkfynk fe
fJ; B{z t/u e/ nkg yk bthA ns/ w/o/ tk;s/ b? nkJhA . go w?A ;kok p ko fco
jfNnk e'Jh fJ; Bz{ b?D B{z fsnko jh BjhA . EZe e/ fJZE/ xVh nokw eoB
pfj frnk .
Gb/ g[o B/ T[j rhNk fbZsk ns/ n do ik e/ nkgD/ wkbe B{z
;koh tkosk dZ;h . fJj fJZe jho/ itkjoks dh d[ekB ;h ns/ ;kfb; okfJ
i"joh fJ; dk wkbe ;h .
;kfb; okfJ B/ id T[j rhNk d/fynk sK j?okB j' frnk ns/
nkgD/ B"eo, nXZoe/ B{z efjD bZrk fe f zdrh ftZu gfjbh tkoh fJBK
;k, p ?o fe;/ Xkoh s'A fJzBh uwe tkbk n?vk jhok d/fynk j? . ;kv/

p [or fejk eod/ ;B fe nfijh e'Jh uh fwb gt/ sK ;" o[fgnk (nZieZbQ d/ kfJd fJZe bZy o[gJ/) e/tb fJ; dh do B G/N j? . fJ; soQK
goshs j[zdk j? fe d{;o/ d/ dk e'Jh i"joh ;kv/ fjo d/ i"johnK B{z goyD
nkfJnk j?, fe fJE/ d/ pzfdnK B{z fezBh e[ n;bh uh dh gfjukD j? .
GkJh wodkBk ih B{z ;kfb; okfJ B/ pV/ ;fseko Bkb n do p[bk
e/ fpmkfJnk . ;" o[gJ/ d/ e/ efjD bZrk n;hA s[jkB{z gfjukD BjhA ;e/,
bsh dh f wk w rdk jK, fJj e/tb fJ; jho/ dh do B G/Nk j? s[;hA
nkgD/ wkbe B{z d/ d/t' pkeh wZ[b fco eoKr/ .
GkJh wodkBk ih efjD bZr/, GkJh ! w?A fJj ;" o[fgnk eh eoBk
j?, w?B{z sK w/o/ r[o{ dk j[ew j? fe fJj t/u e/ nkg e[ZM yk bthA ns/ w/o/ bJh
b? nkthA . fJ; bJh g?;/ s[;hA oZy' w?B{z e/tb go kdk ukjhdk j? nkgD/ bJh
ns/ w/o/ wkbe bJh .
GkJh wodkBk ih dh ;ob ns/ ;gZ N rZb ;[D e/ ;kfb; okfJ
jZek pZek j' frnk ns/ ;wM Bk ;fenk fe nk o fJj eh wkiok j? .
;kfb; okfJ nkg y[d Grsh Gkt tkbk fJB;kB ;h ns/ id GkJh wodkBk
ih s'A j'o ikDekoh r[o{ ;kfjp pko/ fbsh sK n;bh G/d ;wM frnk .
;kfb; okfJ B/ MN nkgD/ B"eo nXoZe/ B{z fejk fe xo ik e/
gq kdk fsnko eok e/ r[o{ ;kfjp tZb ub' w?A nkg s[jkv/ fgZS/ nk fojk jK
. nXoZe/ B/ ;kfb; okfJ d/ xo'A gq kdk fsnko eo e/ GkJh wodkBk ih B{z
Bkb b?, r[o{ ;kfjp tZb uZb gJ/ .
XzB r[o{ BkBe d/t wjkoki ;wkXh ftZu p?m/ ;B fe GkJh wodkBk
ih Bkb nXoZek gj[zu e/ E'VQh ftZE s/ p?m rJ/ . ;Zu/ gks kj ;ktXkB j'J/
, nXoZe/ B/ gq kd/ dk Ekb nZr/ oZy e/ id r[o{ uoBK s/ f;o Xo e/ wZEk N/
fenk, sK T[; d/ egkN yZ[bQ rJ/ . b{z b{z ftZu Bkw dh okT[ ub gJh ns/
;wkXh ;fEs j' frnk . r[o{ ;kfjp sK gfjbK jh Bkw ftZu bhB ;h .
nXoZe/ dh ;wkXh d/y e/ GkJh wodkBk ih Gh T[;/ ozr ftZu ozr/ rJ/ . G[Zy
fwN rJh ns/ nkgD/ nkg ftZu bhB j' rJ/ .
E'VQh d/o fgZS'A ;kfb; okfJ nkfJnk . d/fynk gq kdk T[;/ soQK
fgnk j? ns/ fszB/ ;oho fpbe[b nfjb nv'b ;wkXh dh jkbs ftu p?m/
jB . nXoZe/ d/ fujo/ tZb d/fynk j'o jh ozr ftZu j? . fco id r[o{ pkp/ dh
nkGk s/ B o rJh sK T[j Gh nkgD/ nkg ftZu y' frnk .

r[owfs ;/XK - 56

r[owfs ;/XK - 57

e[ZM d/o fgZSA' id ;[os B/ gbNk ykXk, r[o{;kfjp B{z;ktXkBsk ftZu d/fynk . ;kfb;
okfJ B/ g?f;nK dh E?bh r[o{uoBK ftZu oZy e/ wZEk N/fenk < ns/ gokdk SZeD bJh p/Bsh ehsh
. gq kdk SZe e/ wjkoki B/ fJe fwjo dh B o Bkb ;kfb; okfJ tZb sZfenk, ebk tosh ns/
T[j'e[ZM j'fJnk fi; pko/ r[opkDh ftu dZf;nk j? Lip r[o[ d/y? ;[G fd;fN Bkw[ eosk w[fy w/tk .. (n r 1395
1395)
noE L- id r[o{ fe;/ s/ feogk dh B o gkT[Adk j? sK T[; d/ w{ j ftZu
eosk g[oy tkfjr[o{ dk Bkw o{gh w/tk gk fdzdk j? Gkt fe T[; B{z Bkw
uzrk brdk j? ns/ T[j Bkw iZgD bZr iKdk j? ns/
ihn dkB[ d/ Grsh bkfJfB
jfo f;T[ b?fB fwbkJ/ .. (n r749
749
749)
r[o{ ;kfjp B/ nkd/ fdZsk, ;kfb; okfJ xo ftZu Xow;kb pDkT[
d' t/b/ ;fs;zr eo' Bkb jh fejk ;fs ;zrs dk nkr{ nXoZek j't/rk
feT[Afe T[j nksfwe nt;Ek ftZu nZr/ j? s[;K fJ; Bkb fwb e/ ubDk
j?. ;kfb; okfJ B/ xo uoB gkT[D dh p/Bsh ehsh . r[o{ ;kfjp B/ T[Zso
fdZsk . ni/ ;wK BjhA nkfJnk id ;wK nkJ/rk, gotko ;fjs ns/ ;zrs
;w/s ojKr/ . fJ; soQK efbi[r d/ skoe irs r[o{, r[o{ pkpk ih ;kfb;
okfJ ns/ nXoZe/ B{z wkfJnk dhnK bfjoK dk sko{ pDk e/ ns/ j'oBK B{z
skoB d/ ;woZE pDk e/ nZr/ s[o gJ/ .
;wK nkT[D s/ ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ;kfjp gotko ;w/s ns/ ;zrs
;w/s ;kfb; okfJ d/ tz;iK e'b ;kfb; okfJ dh jt/bh ftZu oj/ . fJE/ jh
d;w/ ih dk nkrwB j'fJnk . fi; B{z nZi s s ;qh gNBk ;kfjp eo e/
ikfDnk iKdk j? . ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ;kfjp wjkoki ih dh p h j'Jh ;qh
;kfjp ni/ Gh ;kfb; okfJ; okfJ dh tz e'b dZ;h iKdh j? .
;kyh ftZu'A gqkgs ;/XK
GkJh r[odk; ih tko 1 dh gT[Vh 16 ftu fbyd/ jB L
bj/ ewkDk J/s i[fr fgSbh i[rhA eoh ewkJh .
fgSb/ i[Zr dh ewkJh tkb/ fiZE/ fiZE/ Gh e'Jh nksfwe T[Bsh
ftZu yV's tkb/, nNekoK tkb/, nkgD/ o;s/ s'A GNfenk j'fJnk iK
g{opb/ eowK d/ r/V ftZu frfonk j'fJnk ;h, r[o{ pkpk ih nkg T[BQK e'b
rJ/. frfonK B{zu[Zfenk, nNekoK tkfbnK dh nVuBK d{o ehshnK, GNfenK B{zihtB ;/X
p h ns/ gow/ o d/ o;s/ d/ gKXhnK B{z w b sZe gj[u
z kfJnk .

fJ; soQK d[BhnK dhnK nykDK pdb e/ oZy fdZshnK . d[BhnK dh nykD j? fgnk;/ B{z
y{j e'b ikDk g?Adk j? go fJZE/ y{j fgnk;/ e'b ik fojk j? . fi; pko/ r[opkDh dZ; ojh j? .
j'foAU rzr tjkJhn? d[fBnkJh nky? fe feUB[ .. (n r 967
967)
Gkt r[o{ pkp/ B/ j'o gk;/ jh rzrk tjk fdZsh ns/ d[BhnK j?okB j'
e/ efjzdh j? fe pkp/ B/ fJj eh eo fdZsk j? . fJ; e;tZNh s/ nZieZbQ d/
ny"sh r[o{nK B{z i/ gofynk ikt/ sK eh fBoDk bZG/rk gkme nkg jh
n dk k bk ;ed/ jB .
f;Zy Xow B{z ;kfJzN/fce Xow efjD tkb/ soetkdh tho ;woZE
r[o{ dh ;woZEk tkbhnK rZbK B{z Ze dh fBrQk Bkb d/y e/, r[o{ ;kfjp dh
;woZEk s/ ft tk; eoB tkfbnK B{z n X ft tk;h efj e/ Gzvd/ jB .
;fsr[o{ ih d/ ihtB dh fJ; xNBk dk i/ ft b/ D ehsk ikt/
sK ;fji/ jh gsk bZr ikt/rk fe r[o{ ;kfjp dh fJ; :ksok t/b/ e'Jh n?;h
xNBk gqkgs BjhA j[zdh fi; s'A fJj gsk uZb/ fe r[o{ ;kfjp B{z fe;/ B/ fJzBk
tvw[Zbk jhok G/N ehsk j't/rk .
sK fco ;tkb g?dk j[zdk j? fe fJj jhok feZE'A gqkgs j'fJnk <
r[opkDh B{z thukfonK ;fji/ jh gsk bZr iKdk j? fe ;qh r[o{ BkBe d/t
wjkoki ;kv/ tor/ nkw fJB;kB BjhA pbfe gow/ o dk ;or[D o{g ;h .
i'fs o{fg jfo nkfg r[o{ BkBe[ ejk:T[ .. (n r 1408
1408)

BkBe ;'X/ f;zfwqfs p/d .. gkopqjw r[o Bkjh G/d ..

(n r 1142
1142)
fJ; ;zXoG ftZu sZfenK ;fji/ jh fBoDk j' iKdk j? fe r[o{
;kfjp fJj e[ZM eoB d/ ;woZE ;B. fJ; bJh r[o{ wjkoki dh ;woZEk
tkbhnK rZbK s/ ft tk; eoB tkfbnK B{z n X ft tk;h efjD tkb/
p"fXe ;wsk d/ Zeh dkfJo/ ftZu y[d jh nk iKd/ jB .
fXr f;Xh fXr eokwks gqukoB tkb/ tho fJj G[Zb iKd/ jB
fe nkgDh wkB gqfs msk B{z gqc[bs eoB bJh ns/ eokwksK dk ;jkok
b? e/ nkgD/ ;ohfoe ;[y tk;s/ ;kXB i[NkT[D tkfbnK bJh iK fco
eokwksK dh bkb;k oZy e/ ;kXB eoB tkb/ b'eK B{z, fJj gftZso
T[gd/ r[o{ wjkoki B/ fdZsk j? .
;Zu/ fdb'A gow/ o dh nokXBk eoB tkb/ pzfdnK bJh r[opkDh
dZ; ojh j? .

r[owfs ;/XK - 58

r[owfs ;/XK - 59

Bt fBXh nmkoj f;Xh fgS? brhnk fcofj .

i' jfo fjod? ;dk t;kfJ .. (n r 649
649)
nfij/ g[o d[fBnkth bkb;ktK bJh ed/ Gh nkgDh esh nikJhA BjhA
rtKd/ . go id fe;/ dk Gbk j' fojk j't/, fe;/ dk jzeko wB'A eZY e/
f;X/ o;s/ gkT[Dk j't/ iK e[co rVQ s'VB bJh tosD'A r[o/ BjhA eod/ .
r[o{ ;kfjp B/ Gh jw/ K goT[geko bJh jh fJ; dh tos'A ehsh j? . vke{ d/
jZE dk uke{ fe;/ B{z o[nKdk j? go vkeNo d/ jZE dk uke{ T[go/ B eo e/
ihtB dkB fdzdk j? . fJjh G/d j? r[o{ pkp/ dh eokwks ns/ j'o b'eK dh
eokwks ftZu .
d{;ok sZE fJ; ;kyh s'A i' gqrN j[zdk j? T[j n;kv/ r[od[nkfonK
d/ gqpzXeh YKu/ Bkb ;zpzfXs j? . id r[o{ ;kfjp ;kfb; okfJ B{z nkd/
fdzd/ jB fe GkJh nXoZek nksfwe T[ZBsh ftZu nZr/ j'D eo e/ Xow;kb
dk w[yh j't/rk s?A fJ; d/ Bkb bZr e/ ezw eoBk j?, fJj ;ze/s j? fe
Xow;kb iK r[od[nko/ ftu g?;k gqXkB BjhA pbfe T[Zu nksfwe nt;Ek
gqXkB j? . go ;kv/ nZi-eZbQ d/ tosko/ ftu rZb T[bN j' rJh j? . fJ;/
bJh ;kv/ pj[s/ r[od[nko/ r[o nk / nB[;ko r[owfs gquko s'A fEVe rJ/ jB
. Bkb jh fJj gsk ubdk j? fe r[o{ xo ftu w[ZY s'A f;b?e B gqDkbh jh
gqtkB j? Bk fe fJb?e B.
fJ; ;kyh dk sh;ok ft / B[esk Gh pj[s vz{xh thuko dk w[jski
j? . ekwo/vh thukoXkok B{z gqDkJ/ pj[s ;ko/ f;Zyh eb tkb/ tho r[o{
BkBe ;Zu/ gks kj B{z e/tb ohpK dk w;hjk ti'A jh g/ eod/ jB .
f;Zyh B{z ftfrnkfBe Xow nky e/ r[o{ nk / nB[;ko ihtB iku B{z n X
ft tk;h efj e/ ns/ f;Zyh gq goktK ns/ wo:kdk dk xkD eoB bJh fJj
jw/ K bZe pzBQ e/ fsnko ofjzd/ jB . ebw d/ XBh, nkgDk pd-ikb
ftSk e/, fJj nkgDh rZb fJ; soQK g/ eod/ jB fe ;XkoD ;'u tkbk
ftnesh ;fji/ jh fJBQK d/ ikb ftZu c; iKdk j? .
nkgDh (ekwo/vh) thukoXkok B{z gqukoB bJh, fJj r[o{ ;kfjp d/
ihtB ftu'Ae/tb GkJh bkb' dh ;kyh jh b?Dr/ ns/ r[opkDh dhnK T[BKQ s[eK dk ;jkok b?Dr/ i'
fJBQK dh thukoXkok Bkb w/b yKdhnK jB . T[dkjoD d/ s"o s/ L
p;sk s{Nh M[zgVh uho ;fG fSzBk ..
ikfs B gfs B nkdo' T[fdnkB Gqfw Bk ..

fwsq B fJm XB o{gjhD feS[ ;ke[ B f;zBk ..

707)
okik ;rbh f;q;fN ekaaaaaaa (n r 707
fJzBh rZb efj e/ fJj gquko eod/ jB fe nfij/ ohp pzd/ B{z r[o{
;kfjp okik ;rbh f;q fN ek efj oj/ jB . go fJ; s[e dk nyhobk Gkr
jfo Bkfw wB[ fGzBk B{z fpbe[b S[gk fdzd/ jB . fJ;/ soQK fJ; s'A gfjbh
gT[Vh
;[zdo ;/i nB/e ;[y o; G'rD g{o/ ..
rqfj ;'fJB uzdB ;[rzX bkfJ w'sh jho/ ..
wB fJS/ ;[y wkDdk feS[ Bkfj ft;{o/ ..
;' gqG[ fufs B nktJh ft;Nk e/ eho/ .. (n r 707
707)
fJ; s[e dk gfjbk Gkr ;' gqG fufs B nktJh B{z SZv e/,
dZ;Dr/ fe r[o{ ;kfjp B/ nfij/ wkfJnkXkoh wB[Zy B{z ft;Nk e/ eho/ fejk
j? .
kb;k g E ftu kwb j'D bJh y vk gj[b, n fwqs t/b/ dh
;zGkb, r[ow sq dk ikg ns/ fBsB/w fJBQK dh B o ftZu ;G {b jB .
fgSbh ;dh ftZu id fJBQK rZbK eoe/ g E B/ fJBQK B{z d[oeko
fdZsk sK fJBQK B/ fpgqB eh ohs dk BtK Bknok ngDkn fbnk .
fijVh rZb fJBQK dh thukoXkok d/ fcZN Bk p?mdh j't/ T[; B{z fpgoB eh
ohs dk b/pb brk e/ GzvD dk phVk u[Ze b?Ad/ jB . fco nkgDh rZb dh
g[ Nh bJh r[opkDh dhnK s[eK fby d/Dr/ . fJj BjhA d/yDk fe fJj s[e
fe; d/ ekb Bkb ;zpzfXs j? iK fe; gqeoD nXhB fbyh j? .
ofjs pfjs dhnK ;kohnK pzd K s'A w[es j'D bJh fJBQK B/ j[D
BkBekJh fcbk;ch dk BtK ' k SZfvnk j? fe n;hA sK e/tb r[o{ rqzE
;kfjp dh rZb w BKr/ . d{;o/ bc K ftZu d;w/ fgsk ih dh fdZsh ihtB
;/X, y vk gj[b ns/ j'o n;{bK s'A ;k jh w[Beo j' ikDk j? .
;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp dh pkDh B{z Gh fco ;kfJz; d/ e;tZNh s/ goyd/
jB, T[j noE eoBr/ i' ;kfJz; d/ nB[eb
{ jB . pkeh ;G n X ft tk; d/ gbV/ gk fdzd/jB
.
f;y j'D d/ Bks/ ukjhdk sK fJj ;h fe r[opkDh dh e;tZNh
s/ ;kfJz; B{z gofynk ikt/ . Gkt, fJj fejk ikt/ fe r[opkDh dh
nkj rZb ni/ ;kfJz;dkBK dh geV ftZu BjhA nkJh go fJ; s'A T[bN

r[owfs ;/XK - 60

rZb eod/ jB . ;' ;k f;ZX j? fJj rfbfbU, vkoftB iK nkfJz;NkJhB d/ f;Zy

jB Bk fe r[o{ d/ .
r[o{ BkBe ;Zu/ gks kj d/ ihtB B{z x'fynK gsk brdk j? fe
T[j Xow dh feos eoB tkb/ ns/ gow/ o d/ fgnko dh fuDr oZyD tkb/
jo fJZe ftnesh B{z fgnkod/ ns/ ;fsekod/ ;B . ukj/ T[j ohp GkJh
bkb' iK Mzvk pkYh ;h iK e'Jh okik ns/ iK fco Xkofwe y/so dk nkr{ .
S'N/ gqrD/ okfJ G'fJ dh sbtzvh dk jkew okfJ p[bko, ;[bskBg[o
b'Xh dk Btkp d"bs yK, f;zrbk dhg dk okik f tBkG fJj ;ko/ jh r[o{
uoBK d/ G"o/ ns/ r[o [ hnK d/ gkso j'J/ jB . r[o{ pkp/ d/ T[ZsonfXekoh
GkJh bfjDk ih Gh uzr/ ;od/ g[id/ o/ w d/ egV/ gkT[D d/ ;woZE nwho jh
;B .
r[opkDh B{z ftukfonK gsk brdk j? fe eh nwho eh ohp,
ngBVQ iK ftdtkB, jo d/ o{g, ozr B;b dk pzdk g iK ftekoK dh
ieV ftZu j?, fi; ekoB T[j fpp/e jhB ezw eodk j? .
ukfo poB uT[jk e/ wodB yN[ do;B eo sbh o/ .
;[zdo ;[xo ;o{g f;nkB/ g uj[ jh w'fj Sbh o/ . (n r 404
404)
dko{ gh e/ gokJh tZN Ykj[D tkbk, gokfJnk XB ns/ gokfJnk
sB G'rD tkbk iK gow/ o dh j'Ad s'A w[Beo j'D tkbk, eh okik eh oze,
eh nwho eh ohp, ekwo/vh ;'u tkbk iK Xkofwe fbpk; tkbk e'Jh
ftnesh Gh r[o{ dhnK B oK ftZu gqtkB BjhA j' ;edk .
fJBQK rZbK s'A ;k gsk brdk j? fe fJBQK ekwo/vh ny"sh f;ZyK
dk r[owfs ns/ r[of;Zyh Bkb e'Jh tk;sk BjhA pbfe r[opkDh ns/ r[o
fJfsjk; B{z bs Yzr Bkb g/ eo e/ nkgDh ftukoXkok dk gquko
eoBk fJBQK dk gq:'iB j? .
r[o{ BkBe ;Zu/ gks kj dk ihtB, T[gd/ s/ thukoXkok jh n?;k
j? fe fjzd{ ej/ w/ok r[o{ j?, w[;bwkB ej/ w/ok gho, fJ;kJh ej/ e/ Jh;k ih d/
wZs dk gqukfoe j? ns/ ;ko/ XowK B{zBekoB tkbk ekwo/v ej/ w/ok ofjpo j? . fJjh r[o{pkp/ dh
tfvnkJh j? fJ;/ bJh irs r[o{j? s/ efbskoe j? .
nfij/ r[o{ d/ f;Zy efjbkT[D ftZu ns/ f;Zyh ;o{g B{z XkoB eoB
ftZu ;G B{z wkD wfj;{; eoBk ukjhdk j? . nkgDh wB dh wZs B{z fsnkr
e/ ns/ r[o{ dh wZs rqfjD eoB ftZu jh ;kvk Gbk j?.

r[owfs ;/XK - 61

wB eh wfs fsnkrj[ jfo iB

j[ew[ p{fM ;[y[ gkJhn? o/ .. (n r 209
209)
!!!

r[owfs ;/XK - 63

ikr[ o/ wB ikrBjko/
;[Zs/pzd/B{zgsk BjhA j[d
z k fe w?A e"D jK, feZE/jK ns/ w?Bz {eh eoBk ukjhdk j? . Bk jh
;[Zs/pzd/B{znkgD/ ihtB be ns/ B/B[e;kB dk gsk j[d
z k j? . ;[Zsk pzdk nkgD/ ;[gfBnK d/
d/ ftZu ftuodk j'fJnk dZy[ ;[Zy G'rdk j? go id'A BhAd y[Zbd
Q h j? sK gsk bZrdk j? fe T[j ;G
;[gBzso d/ dh ebgBk ;h i' fe n;bhns BjhA ;h .
r[opkDh dk ;jh sohe/ Bkb ftuko ehfsnK fJj gsk bZrdk j?
fe fiT{Adk ikrdk wB[Zy Gh nfrnkBsk dh BhAd ekoB wkBf;e s"o s/
;[Zsk j'fJnk ;[gfBnK d/ d/ ftZu jh GNe fojk j? . fJ; B{z r[o{ ;kfjp fJzi
fpnkB eod/ jB L
;[gB/ ;/sh fus[ w{ofy bkfJnk ..
nkoik rJh ftjkfJ XzX? XkfJnk .. (n r 707
707)

fJj[ ;z;ko[ ;rb j? ;[gB' d/fy ejk b'Gkt? .. (n r 1231

1231)
j/ GkJh fJj ;kok ;z;ko jh fJZe ;[gBk j? fJ; B{z d/y e/ feT[A fJ;
ftZu fbgN ofjnk j?A < ;[gBk fJ; bJh fejk frnk j? feT[Afe ;[gB/ dh
soQK ;kvk ihtB th ;dhth BjhA pbfe E'VQh d/o bJh j? . n;hA fJZE/ ;dht
ekb bJh ofjD BjhA nkJ/ n;hA ntZ jh fJZE'A ub/ ikDk j? .
gow/ o dh wkfJnk o{gh mZr p{Nh B/ fJB;kB GowkfJnk j? ns/
fJ; B{z j' jh BjhA fe w?A e"D jK . fJj nkgD/ nkg B{z ;oho jh ;wM fojk j?
ns/ ;kok fdB nkgD/ ;oho bJh ;[Zy dk ;kXB i[NkT[D ftZu jh bZrk
ofjzdk j? . ;oho B{z fo N g[ N oZyDk, ;oho B{z ;ikT[Dk, nokw bJh wekB
pDkT[Dk, uzrh ;tkoh ns/ j'o ;oho d/ fJzdfonK dh tk Bk g{oh eoB
ftZu bZrk ofjzdk j? .
id fe r[opkDh tko tko dZ; ojh j? L
wB s{z i'fs ;o{g[ j? nkgDk w{b[ gSkD[ .. (n r 441
441)
ej[ epho fJj[ okw eh n ;[ ..
i; ekrd go fwN? B w ;[ .. (n r 871
871)
gow/o B/ fJZe y/v pDkJh j? fe iht nkswk o{gh wB d/ ;z;ko ftZu ftuoB bJh fJZe

fwZNh d/ g[sb/ o{gh ;oho ftZu fJ; wB B{z;w'fJnk j? . giK sZsK, jtk, gkDh, fwZNh, nrBh ns/
nkek o{gh sZsK dk fJj ;oho o{gh g[sbk j? ns/ g i jh fteko ekw, eqX
' , b'G, w'j, njzeko
fJ; wB B{z wkfJnk d/ bZr/ j'J/ jB .
fJj[ ;oho[ wkfJnk ek g[sbk
ftfu jT[w? d[;Nh gkJh .. (n r 31
31)
g{opb/ eowK nB[;ko d[Zy-;[Zy G'rD bJhl ;zi'r nB[;ko fJ; Bz{
;ke ;BpzXh wksk fgsk, GkJh, G?D, g[Zso, Xh ns/ fJ;soh nkfd fwb/ jB
.
wks fgsk pfBsk ;[s pzXg fJ;N whs no[ GkJh ..
g{op iBw e/ fwb/ ;zi'rh n sfj e' B ;jkJh .. (n r 700
700)
i'fs ;o{gh wB wkfJnk dh BhAd ftZu c; e/ nkgD/ ;oho o{gh xo
B{z jh nkgDk nkg ;wM fojk j? ns/ fJ; ;oho d/ ;[Zy bJh pDkJ/ fwZNh,
fJZNK d/ xo B{z ;ztkoB ftZu jh rbskB j? . id fe r[opkDh j'ek d/ ojh
j? L
i' xo[ Sfv rtktDk ;' brk wB wkfj ..
fiE? ikfJ s[X[ tosDk fs; eh fuzsk Bkfj .. (n r 43
43)

vvk v/ok fJj[ Bjh ij v/ok sj ikB[ ..

T[nk v/ok ek ;ziw' r[o e? ;pfd gSkB[ .. (n r 256
256)
g uw fgsk rT[Vh okr d/ pktB nyoh pkDh ftZu, vZvk nZyo
okjhA dZ; oj/ jB fe j/ GkJh fi; v/o/ (xo) ftu s{z p?mk j?A fJj s/ok n;bh
v/ok BjhA j?, s/ok n;bh v/ok gZek xo gob'e ftZu j? . T[E/ ik e/ s?A fe;
soQK r[ oBk j? fJ; dk gsk r[o{ d/ pd Gkt r[opkDh okjhA p[ZM b? Gkt
;wM b? .
fJ;/ soQK nfrnkBsk tZ; gotko d/ w'j ftZu c;/ j'J/ wB[Zy B{z ;qh
r[o{ nwodk; wjkoki nBzd[ ;kfjp dh pkDh okjhA dZ; oj/ jB L
J/ wB fgnkfonk s{ ;dk ;u[ ;wkb/ ..
J/j[ e[Nzp[ s{ fi d/ydk ub? Bkjh s/o? Bkb/ ..
;kfE s/o? ub? Bkjh fs;[ Bkfb feT[ fus[ bkJhn? ..
n?;k ezw[ w{b/ B ehu? fis[ n fs gS'skJhn? ..
;fsr[o{ ek T[gd/;[ ;[fD s{ j't? s/o? Bkb/ ..
ej? BkBe[ wB fgnko/ s{ ;dk ;u[ ;wkb/ .. (n r 918
918)

r[owfs ;/XK - 64

go fJj iht wkfJnk d/ o; e; ftZu fJzBK w;s j? fe fJ; ;[gB/ s'A pkjo fBebdk jh
BjhA . pzd/dh nfijh jkbs B{zr[opkDh ftZu fJ; soQK fpnkB ehsk j? L
B?Bj[ Bhd go fdq;fN fteko .. ;qtD ;'J/ ;[fD fBzd thuko ..
o;Bk ;'Jh b'fG whm? ;kfd .. wB[ ;'fJnk wkfJnk fp;wkfd ..
1..
..1
fJ;[ frqfj wfj e'Jh ikrs[ oj? .. ;kps[ t;s[ Uj[ ngBh bj?
..
1 .. ojkT[ .. (n r 182
182)
..1
wB, gokJ/ o{g B{z ftekoK tkbh B o Bkb d/yD eoe/ nZyK ti'A
;[Zsk gfJnk j? . gokJh fBzdk ;[DB eo e/ wB ezBK ti'A ;"A fojk j? . ihG
wB g;zd d/ fwZm/ G'iB ykD eoe/ ihG tb'A ;[Zsk fgnk j?.
ykDk ghDk j;Dk ;T[Dk ft;fo rfJnk j? woDk ..
y;w[ ft;kfo y[nkoh ehBh fXqr[ ihtD[ Bjh ojDk ..
(n r 1254
1254)
i/ e'Jh fJ; ;[gB/ s'A ikr ikt/ sK T[j nkgDh t;s{ (i' b'e
gob'e ftZu ezw nkT[Dh j?) ;kps oZy ;edk j? . nZr/ wjkoki dZ; oj/ jB
.
;rb ;j/bh ngB? of; wksh .. frqj ng[B/ eh ypfo B iksh..
(n r
182
182)
fJeZbk fJZe nZXk wB[Zy BjhA pbfe ;kok ;z;ko jh nkgD/ wB d/
o;K e;K ftZu w;s j? ns/ nkgD/ n;b/ xo dh fJ; B{z po jh BjhA j? .
w[;Bjko g u pNtko/ .. ;{B/ Brfo go/ mrjko/.. (n r 182
182)
fi; soQK ;[zBk xo d/y e/ u'o mZr xo b[ZND bZr iKd/ jB,
wjkoki dZ; oj/ jB fe wB B{z o;K e;K dh BhAd ftZu ;[Zsk d/y, ekw,
eq'X, b'G, w'j ns/ njzeko o{g mZrK B/ fJ; B{z ;zBQ bk fbnk Gkt wB ftZu
gqt/ eo rJ/ .
T[B s/ oky? pkg[ B wkJh .. T[B s/ oky? whs[ B GkJh ..
dofp f;nkDg B UfJ ojs/ .. ;kX;zfr UfJ d[;N tf; j's/ ..
(n r 182
182)
fJBQK mZrK s'A Bk ;z;koh fgsk puk ;edk j? ns/ Bk jh wK puk ;edh j? . Bk jh e'Jh
g?;k X/bk d/ e/ Gkt fo ts d/ e/ iK j'o fe;/ f;nkDg Bkb pzdk fJBQK s'A pu ;edk j? . e/tb
fJe' jh T[gkU j? fe ;kX ;zrs ftZu fJBQK s'A pukU j' ;edk j? .

r[owfs ;/XK - 65

fi; soQK ;[Zs/pzd/B{znkgD/ ihtB be dk gsk BjhA j[d

z k fJ;/ soQK nfrnkBsk dh
BhAd ftZu ;[Zs/wB B{zGh be G[Zb frnk . n;hA fJE/ fe; bJh nkJ/ jK r[opkDh ;[us
/ eo ojh
j? L
gqkDh s{z nkfJnk bkjk b?fD ..
brk fes[ e[ceV/ ;G w[edh ubh o?fD .. (n r 43
43)

nkfJU ;[BB gVB eT[ pkDh ..

Bkw[ ft;kfo brfj nB bkbfu
fpoEk iBw[ gokDh .. (n r 1218
1218)
GJh gokgfs wkB[y d/j[ohnk ..
r'fpzd fwbD eh fJj s/oh pohnk ..
ntfo eki s/o? fes? B ekw ..
fwb[ ;kX;zrfs Gi[ e/tb Bkw .. (n r 12
12)
(nB/eK i{BK ftZu GowD fgZS'A) fJj wB[ZyK d/jh gqkgs j'Jh j? .
gow/ o B{z fwbD dk fJj s?B{z w"ek fwfbnk j? . j'o pkeh (;z;koh) ezweki
s/o/ fe;/ b/y/ ftZu BjhA Gkt s/o/ fe;/ ezw d/ BjhA fJ; bJh s/o/ tk;s/ eoB
tkbk fJe' ezw ;bk j? fe ;fs ;zrs ftZu fwb e/ Bkw ig .
n;hA ikr oj/ jK nkgD/ gotko tk;s/, nkgD/ d[fBnkth ezwK
bJh, g?;k ewkT[D bJh, wjb wkVhnK ns/ ikfJdkd pDkT[D bJh,
;z;ko ftu Bkw ewkT[D bJh iK T[ZuhnK gdthnK bJh . go ;[Zs/ gJ/ jK
fBozeko tk;s/ ns/ T[j r[D XkoB eoB bJh i' ;kv/ b'e ns/ gob'e
ftZu ;jkJh j[zd/ jB.
fJ; rfjoh BhAd ftu'A pzdk fet/A fBeb/ < r[o{ e/ fgnkfonK B/ fJ;
dk G/s fJ; soQK dZf;nk j?L
1a ;[Zs/ gJ/ pzd/ B{z e'Jh tZvk yVek irk fdzdk j? . fi; soQK eJh
tkoh ;[gB/ ftZu e'Jh n?;k fGnkBe fdq B o nk ikt/ fe pzd/ dh ikr
y[ZbQ iKdh j? . fJ;/ soQK id pzd/ dk e'Jh nfs fgnkok gob'e f;Xko ikt/
, eko'pko ftZu e'Jh xkNk g? ikt/, e'Jh nfs fttk;h ;zpX
z h iK fwZso X'yk d/ ikt/ iK e'Jh nfijh
xNBk tkgo ikt/ sK pzdk ;z;ko s'A fBok j' e/ gow/ to tZb o[y eodk j? .
2a gow/ o dh feogk j' ikt/ sK ikrdk pzdk jb{D e/ irk fdzdk j? . fJ;/ soQK e'Jh
r[o{dk fgnkok fdnkbsk d/ xo ftZu nk e/ e'Jh puB n?;k eo d/t/fe pzd/B{z;'Mh nk iKdh j?

r[owfs ;/XK - 66

.
3a e'Jh g{opb/ Gkr ikr g?D sK g{o/ r[o{ Bkb fbt bZr ikt/ sK
r[opkDh Bkb ;EkJh rzY g? iKdh j? .
fJe' ;fsr[o[ ikrsk j'o[ ir[ ;{sk w'fj fgnkf; ..
;fsr[o[ ;/tfB ikrzfB ;/ i' os/ ;fu Bkfw r[Dskf; ..
(n r 592-593
592-593)
e/tb fJZe ;fsr[o{ jh ikr fojk j? pkeh ;kok ;z;ko wkfJnk w'j
dh fgnk; ftZu ;[Zsk fgnk j?. (:k) i' ikrd/ r[o{ B{z ;/Atd/ jB Gkt g{o/
r[o{ d/ j[ew nB[;ko ihtB pshs eod/ jB, T[j ikrd/ jB ns/ T[j r[DK
d/ kB/ tkb/ gqG{ d/ ;Zu/ Bkw d/ ozr ftZu ozr/ ofjzd/ jB .
;fsr[o{ nkg ikrdk j? ns/ nkgDh pkDh okjhA j'ek d/ e/ ;[ZfsnK
B{z irk fojk j? .
;fsr[o[ ngBk ;d ;dk ;w~ko/
k o/ ..
r[o e/ uoB e/; ;zfr Mko/ ..
ikr[ o/ wB ikrBjko/ ..
fpB[ jfo nto[ B nktf; ekwk
M{mk w'j[ fwfEnk g;ko/ .. (n r 387
387)

ikfr b/j[ o/ wB ikfr b/j[ ejk rkcb ;'fJnk ..

i' sB[ T[gfink ;zr jh ;' Gh ;zfr B j'fJnk ..
2.. ojkT[ ..
..2
ikr w/o/ wB ikr GkJh, feT[A nt/;bk j' e/ ;"A fojk j?A . d[BhnK
dh ejkts j?, Bk e[M Bkb nkfJnk j? Bk jh e[ZM Bkb ikJ/rk, go
r[opkDh dZ; ojh j? fe fijVk ;oho s/o/ Bkb nkfJnk ;h T[j Gh s/o/ Bkb
BjhA ikJ/rk fJZE/ jh ofj ikt/rk .
wks fgsk ;[s pzX iB fjs[ ik f;T[ ehBk ..
ihT[ S{fNU ip d/j s/ vkfo nrfB w? dhBk ..
726)
..2
2 .. (n r 726
wksk, fgsk, g[Zso ns/ j'o fo s/dkoK fiBQK Bkb s?A fgnko gk
oZfynk j? . id'A i'fs ;oho ftu'A fBeb rJh sK T[BQK B/ jh s?B{z nZr dhnK
beVhnK s/ oZy d/Dk j? .
ihts bT[ fpT[jko[ j? ir eT[ s[w ikBT[ ..
BkBe jfo r[B rkfJ b? ;G ;[cB ;wkBT[ .. (n r 727
727)
(d[BhnK dk) ;G tos toskok fiT{Ad/ ihn Bkb j? . efjzd/ jB

r[owfs ;/XK - 67

r[o{ BkBe dh B"thA i'fs XzB r[o{ s/r pjkdo ;kfjp (j/ GkJh) gow/ o d/
r[D rk b? (i' s/o/ b'e gob'e ftu ezw nkt/rk) fJj ;z;koh ihtB fJZe
;[gB/ d/ ;wkB j? .
oXk GktBk ns/ fgnko Bkb fJj pkDh wB brk e/ gVQ e/ j"bh
j"bh wB ikr g?Adk j? . u/szB gqG{ B{z pko pko :kd eoB ns/ Bkw dk ikg
wB B{z irk fdzdk j? L
f;wfo f;wfo f;wfo r[o[ ngBk ;'fJnk wB[ ikrkJh ..
(n r 758
758)
nmkothA ;dh dk ;[Bfjoh fJfsjk; T[BQK r[o{ e/ fgnkfonK dk jh
f;ofink j'fJnk j? fiBQK dk wB, Bkw, pkDh Bkb ikr fgnk . T[BQK fco
;z;koh ihtB dk ;[gBk ;wM e/ fsnkr ehsk ns/ ;Zu o{gh Bkw gZb/ pzBQ
e/ w"s B{z rbteVhnK gkJhnK ns/ ihtB ;bk eo rJ/ .
r[ow[fy ikfr oj/ fdB oksh ..
;ku/ eh fbt r[owfs iksh ..
wBw[y ;'fJ oj/ ;/ b{N/
r[ow[fy ;kps[ GkJh j/ .. (n r 1024
1024)

fJZe ;Zuh tkosk

gfNnkb/ fjo d/ wBihs Bro ftZu fJZe foNkfJov gq'?;o ;kfjp
ofjzd/ ;B . itkBh t/b/ fJj ok Noh gZXo d/ nEbhN ;B ns/ nkgDh
fjzws Bkb pVk BkwDk yZfNnk . fco fJj nkg ;ohfoe f;Zfynk ftGkr
ftZu gq'?;o pDe/ e'fuzr eoB bZr gJ/ . uVQdh itkBh, nZSh B"eoh ns/
gqGsk id fwb ikJ/ pzdk oZp B{z NZp nkydk j? . fJj' jkb fJBQK dk ;h,
okp dh bs bZr rJh i' tXdh tXdh, tXdh rJh . T[d'A g{oh soQK
wkfJnk d/ ozr ftu ;[Zs/ j'J/ ;h . fit/A fst/A B"eoh g{oh soQK ehsh, foNkfJo
j' e/ wBihs Bro ofjD bZr gJ/ . ftjb/ eh eoB < n ho wB pDkfJnk
;kfJeb s/ d';sK B{z fwb e/ nkJhJ/, to Gh j' ikt/rh Bkb/ ;wK gk; j'
ikt/rk .
fJZe fdB tkg;h s/ o;s/ ftu r[od[nkok d{yfBtkoB ;kfjp ub/
rJ/ . kw B{z ;{oi gqek dh eEk j' ojh ;h, eEk uzrh bZrh sK o' jh
eEk ;[DB bZr gJ/ . fco ;fsr[o{ dh p j'Jh, kw B{z ;{oi gqek dh
eEk ;[DB ns/ ;t/o/ r[o pd dh eEk ;[DB bZr gJ/ .

r[owfs ;/XK - 68

wksk B/ r[o{xo dh ;/tk eo e/ w r e/ fbZsk ;h . fJ; bJh Bkw Gh r[okfdZsk f;zx

oZfynk . ;' j[D fbt br rJh ns/ ;jh noEK ftZu r[okfdZsk pD rJ/ . w/o/Bkb id gfjbh
w[bkeks j'Jh sK dkVQh eZNd/ ;h. fco ;kps ;{os j' rJ/ .
gfjb/ ehs/ eowK B/ ozr fdykT[Dk jh ;h, ;' r
{ o d/ woh j' rJ/ . g?o s/ ;ZN
bZr rJh, w mhe Bk j'fJnk fJ; bJh g?o dk n r{mk eZNDk fgnk fco g?o ns/ nyho r'v/
sZe bZs eZNDh gJh . go r[o{fwjo dk ;dek r[o{xo dh jk oh God/ oj/ . fJZe fdB dk; ns/
w/ok fwZso, n;hA jkb-ukb g[ZSD rJ/ . fwZso ih ;z;koh rZbK S/V p?m/. gq;
? ' o ;kfjp B/ MZN
o'e fdZsk, fe w/o/ e'bh j'o e'Jh k bs{ rZb Bk eo' . i/ eoBh j? sK r[opkDh iK r[o fJfsjk;
dh rZb jh eo' k bs{ rZbK eo e/ w/ok ns/ nkgDk ;wK okp Bk eo' . gq;
?' o ;kfjp dk wB
j[D ikr fgnk ;h . fJ; B{z jh pkDh efjzdh j?L
;fsr[o ;/tfB ikrzfB ;/
i' os/ ;fu Bkfw r[Dskf; .. (n r 592-593
592-593)

g{ofp eow n e[o ip

gqrN/ G/fNU g[oy[ of;e p?okrh ..
fwfNU n X/o[ fwbs jfo BkBe
iBw iBw eh ;'Jh ikrh .. (n r 204
204)
!!!

pZpo /o pkpk
;qh r[o{BkBe d/t wkjkoki dhnK gqwZ[y pkDhnK ftu'A pkDh j? tko nk;k . fJ; B{z
nkw s"o s/ nk;k dh tko fejk iKdk j? . fJ; pkDh dh ft / sk fJZe sK fJj j? fe r[o{ ekb
s'A jh fJ; pkDh dk ehosB jo o' nzfwqs t/b/ j'Dk o[ { j' frnk ;h . i' nZi Gh, fBozso ;ko/
fJfsjkf;e ns/ j'o tZv/r[od[nkfonK ftZu ikoh j? .
d{;oh ft/sk fJj j? fe fJ; pkDh ftu, nkofEe, gqwkofEe, ;wkfie, okiBhfse,
nZv nZv XowK d/ s[bBksfwe f;XKsK s/ r{VhQ uouk eo e/ r[o{;kfjp B/ nkgD/ ;koEe thuko
;g N o{g ftZu gorN ehs/ jB .
fJ;s'AfJbktk;w/Ad/gqufbs,eoweKvK,fttk;KXkofwens/;wkfiee[ohshnK,
Xkofwe nkr{nK d/ gkyv ns/ ihtB d/ jo gZy B{zT[xkV e/ wBZy[ B{zg{oBsk tZb fbikD dh ;/
X fJ; pkDh okjhA p h j? . fJ;/ bJh f;nkfDnK B/ fJ; B{z;op nk;k g{oB tkbh pkDh Bkb
tfvnkfJnk j?.
fJ; pkDh dk ;'btK ;b'e j? L
;b'e wL 1
rT{ fpokjwD eT[ eo[ bktj[ r'pfo soD[ B ikJh ..
X'sh fNek s? ig[wkbh XkB[ wb/SK ykJh ..
n sfo g{ik gVfj es/pk ;ziw[ s[oek GkJh ..
S'vhb/ gky vk .. Bkfw bfJn? ikfj sozdk .. (n r 471
471)
;w/A d/ jkew w[;bwkB ejkT[Ad/ ;h fiBQK B/ fjzd{nK d/ shoE
n;EkBK s/ :ksok bJh i hnk (eo) brkfJnk j'fJnk ;h . nZr/ T[; eo
dh t;{bh bJh pj[s/ eowukoh fjzd{ jh ;h, i' bkbu tZ; j' e/ pzfdnK s'A
fJbktk i' rT{ nkfd g { T[j d[ZX bJh Bkb fbiKd/ ;h T[BQK T[Zgo Gh
N?e; bkT[Ad/ ;B.
;' r[od/t ih c[owk oj/ jB, id s[;hA pqkjwD ns/ rT{ s/ N?e;
t;{b eod/ j' sK fco T[; rT{ d/ r'po Bkb u"Aek fbg e/ ;Z[uk eoB Bkb
fe; soQK so ikUr/ < X'sh gfjB e/ fNZek bKd/ j' ns/ rb ftZu wkbk gkT[Ad/j' Bkb jh wb/S
efjD tkb/ jkewK d/ nXhB B"eoh eo e/ T[BKQ dk fdZsk nzB yKd/ j'. xo nzdo pfj e/ w{oshnK
dh g{ik eod/ j' pkjo ik e/ s[oe jkewK B{z [ eoB tkbh fefonk (;bkw nkfd) eod/ j' .

r[owfs ;/XK - 70

r[owfs ;/XK - 71

r[o{;kfjp skVBk eod/ jB fe SZv fdT[ fJj gkyzv eoB/ . fJZe fBoGT[ gow/o dk
Bkw ig', fi; Bkb ;ko/ vo d{o j' ikDr/ ns/ o? s tkbk ihtB gqkgs j'tr
/ k s/ so ikUr/ .
nrb/ ;b'e ftu ;fsr[o{ ih B/ d/ tk;hnK, k; eo Xkofwe nkr{ ns/ ;oeko/
dopko/T[ZugdthnKs/fpokiwkBftneshnKdkftnzrwJhsohe/BkbBekfyZue/T[BKQ dh
who B{z tzrkfonk j? .
wL 1
wkD; ykD/ eofj fBtki .. S[oh trkfJfB fsB rfb skr ..
fsB xfo pqjwD g{ofj Bkd .. T[Bk~ fG nktfj UJh ;kd ..
e{Vh okf; e{Vk tkgko[ .. e{V[ p'fb eofj nkjko[ ..
;ow Xow ek v/ok d{fo .. BkBe e{V[ ofjnk Gog{fo ..
wE? fNek s/fV X'sh eykJh .. jfE S[oh irs ek;kJh ..
Bhb t;sq gfjfo j'tfj gotkD[ .. wb/S XkB[ b/ g{ifj g[okD[..
nGkfynk ek e[mk peok ykDk .. uT[e/ T[gfo fe;/? B ikDk..
d/ e
T[ek eYh eko .. T[gfo nkfJ p?m/ e{fVnko ..
e?? u
uT[
ws[ fGN? t/ ws[ fGN? .. fJj[ nzB[ n;kvk fcN? ..
sB fcN? c/V eo/fB .. wfB i{m? u[bh Go/fB ..
ej[ BkBe ;u[ fXnkJhn? .. ;[fu j't? sk ;u[ gkJhn? ..

eh T[j fJ; rZb s'A poh j' ;ed/ jB <)

wkjkoki efj oj/ jB, b'eK B{z Bk e'Jh ow j? Bk jh n;bh Xow
s'A ikD{ jB . d'B'A uh K d{o ubhnK rJhnK, jo gk;/ M{m dk jh g;kok j?.
wZE/ s/ fNZek bkfJnk j'fJnk j? . bZe Bkb r/o{ ozrh X'sh gfjBh
j'Jh j?. jZE ftZu S[oh cVh j'Jh j? (M{m/ eB{zB dh) ns/ irs d/ e;kJh pD/
j'J/ jB .
s[oe jkewK B{z [ eoB bJh Bhb/ ozr dh g[ ke gfjB e/
jkewK dhnK B oK ftZu gqtkB j[zd/ jB ns/ wb/S (s[oeK) dh B"eoh eo
e/ nzB yKd/ jB ns/ xo ftZu p?m e/ g[okD nkfd Xkofwe rqzE gVQd/ jB.
(toswkB ;w/A nB[;ko, phphnK dkVQhnK, g'uthnK tZvhnK gZrK,
nB/eK sohfenK Bkb ;ikJhnK dkVQhnK Bkb xo nzdo ;qh r[o{ rqzE
;kfjp dk gkm nkg eod/ jB iK gkmhnK s'A eotkT[Ad/ jB . xo nzdo
d;w/ fgsk dh 'N' brk e/ r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx d/ g[Zso pDd/ jB ns/ gkoNh
d/ dso ftZu ik e/ 'N' s/ jko gk e/ wjkswk rKXh d/ g[Zso pDd/ jB .
xo ftZu p'b/ ;' fBjkb dk i?ekok bkT[Ad/ jB, pkjo ik e/ Gkos wksk
dh i? efjzd/ jB . nekb s s d/ Ykj[D tkfbnK ns/ f;ZyK dh esb/
nkw eotkT[D tkfbnK dhnK wVQhnK s/ ik e/ jo ;kb wo;hJ/ gVQd/ jB
ns/ eksbK B{z ;'B/ dhnK feogkBK G/N eod/ jB . fJBQK ftZu s/ T[BQK
[bkw fjzd{nK d/ feodko ftZu eh oe j? <)
w[;bwkBh oQk nB[;ko jbkb ehsk j'fJnk pZeok fo BQ e/ yKd/ jB
ns/ Bkb jh nkyd/ jB ;kv/ u[bQ/-u"Ae/ T[Zgo e'Jh Bk nkt/. u[bQ/-u"Ae/ B{z
fbg g'u e/ eko eZY fdZsh, ns/ e{V dk Gfonk j'fJnk (pqkjwD) T[; u[bQ/
-u"Ae/ T[Zgo nk e/ p?m iKdk j? .
fco T[Zuh ntk ftZu efjzdk j? d/fyU fes/ w/ok u"Aek fGfNnk Bk
ikt/ d/fyU fes/ fGfNnk Bk ikt/ sK i' n;kvk pDkfJnk G'iB fGZND
Bkb p/eko Bk j' ikt/ . nfijk jokw dk ykDk yk e/ fcN/ j'J/ ;ohoK
tkb/ pzd/fco nfijhnK c/fVnK tkbhnK rZbK eod/ jB . wB ftu i{m Bkb Go/ j'J,/ b'eK ftu
;[Zu/j'D bJh fco e[obhnK eo e/ fdykT[Ad/jB.
efjzd/ jB (pZpo /o r[o{ pkpk) r[o{ BkBe d/t wjkoki (nkgD/
f;zx Bkd ftu) T[j w{oy' ! ;[Zu/ feodko tkb/ ihtB Bkb jh ;Zu (gow/ o)
gkJhdk j? .

(n r 471-472
471-472)
r[o{ ;kfjp efj oj/ jB fe b'eK s/ [bw eoe/ bj{ ghD tkb/
jkew fBwk K gVQd/ jB . T[BQK d/ nXhB fjzd{ eowukoh i' b'eK d/ rbK s/
[bw dh S[oh ubkT[Ad/ jB, T[BQK d/ rbK ftu iB/T{ gkJ/ j'J/ jB (fi;
soQK 1984 s'A fgS'A f;Zyh eb tkb/ g[fb; eowukohnK B/ soZehnK ns/
fJBkw b?D bJh b'eK d/ BkikfJ uZv/ gkV/ ns/ x'ND/ bkJ/ nkfd)
T[BQK d/ xoK ftZu ik e/ pqkjwD ;zy g{od/ jB ns/ j'o Xkofwe
fefonk eo e/ G'iB eod/ jB. T[BQK B{z Gh nfijk jh ;[nkd nkT[Adk j?.
Gkt wB dh fposh t?;h jh pDdh j?.
M{m dk jh wkb j?, M{m dk jh tgko j? . M{m p'b e/ jh ykDk yKd/ jB . Gkt b
[ wh
pzfdnK dhnK M{mhnK f;csK eo e/ (s[;hA pV/ Xowh ns/ g[B
z h j', bzro bkT[Ad/j') ykDk yKd/ jB
.
(j[D fijV/ ny"sh wjKg[o , g{oB pqjw frnkBh BkikfJ uZv/
gkVB tkb/ g[bh; n;oK d/ xo ik e/ ny v gkm eo e/ G'iB yKd/ jB

r[owfs;/XK-72

r[owfs ;/XK - 73

fiZE/fJZe gk;/ ihtB ftZu d/ dhnK uko/ fd ktK ftu r[o{pkp/ B/ bzp/g X wko e/
xo xo ik e/ d/ tk;hnK dh ;[Zsh gJh who B{z MziV
' e/ irkfJnk, T[E/ d{;o/ gk;/ kbw
jkewK Bkb f;ZXh NZeo bJh .
T[dk;h d/ gfjb/ gVk s/ GkJh bkb' dh Xow dh feos Bkb ewk
e/ pDkJh e'Xo/ dh o'Nh gqtkB ehsh ns/ wbe Gkr' d/ getkB B{z
m[eokfJnk jh BjhA pbfe T[; B{z bsh dk fJj;k; eok e/ nr/ tk;s/
f;ZX/ o;s/ ubD dk T[gd/ fdZsk .
fJ; fgZS'A id pkpo B/ J/wBkpkd ftZu gmkD jkewK B{z jok e/
fjoh t;'A s/ ipo Ykfjnk sK y[d T[E/ ik e/ pzdh pD/. pkpo dh ;[sh who
B{z irkfJnk . T[; B/ nZr/ s'A nfijh bsh eoB s'A s'pk ehsh . i/ d[pkok
bsh eo e/ bkj"o fjo ftZu nZr bkJh, r[o{ pkp/ d/ f;Zy GkJh skok
g'gN B/ db/oh Bkb pkpo B{z s'pk dh :kd fdbk e/ bkj"o fjo puk fbnk
.
:kd oj/ fJj T[j wkBk ;h id pkd kj dh [pkB s'A e/tb d'
pd rodB B fBebD Bkb jh pzd/ dh rodB ;oho Bkb'A tZy eo
fdZsh iKdh ;h.
nZi id, iB rDszso dk oki j?, tZv/ s'A tZv/ [ow bJh Gh,
gfjbK j/mbh ndkbs ftZu e/; ubdk j?, ; k j'D s/ T[gobh ndkbs
ftu'A nghb koi j'D s/, ;[gohw e'oN d/ c?;b/ fgZS'A jh e'Jh ; k fwbdh
j? . esb d/ e/; ftu Gh ; k j'D bJh ;kbK pZXh ;wk bZr iKdk j?.
nfij/ jkbks ftZu fgSb/ thj ;kbK s'A, g ikp, fdZbh, e who,
nk;kw ns/ j[D sk k, r[ioks ftZu fBod' pzfdnK d/ esb/nkw j'J/ jB,
nDfrDs wktK d/ pZu/ e'j e'j e/ wko/ rJ/, Bkpkb pZuhnK d/ pbkseko
j'J/ jB .
fe;/ ny"sh r[o{, irs r[o{, g{oB pqjw frnkBh pkp/ dh i[oZns
BjhA gJh fe nkgDh, pqjw frnkB dh yVr tos e/ kbw jkewK B{z
tzrko ;e/ . ep{so iK w[orh, e'Jh fJBQK ;kjwD/ wko d/t/sK fJBQK ny"sh d:ktkB r[on
{ K dk
fdb gzxo iKdk j? nZyK ftu'A jzM{tfj s[od/ jB . go id fJBQK dhnK nZyK ;kjwD/ j'J/esb/
nkw B{zn pkoK ns/ tZy tZy Nhatha u?BbK tkfbnK B/ fdykfJnk sK fJj Bkw dh y[wkoh ftZu
nkokw Bkb x[okV/ wkod/ oj/ . Bk e'Jh s/otK iK u"XtK r[o{(BkwXkoh) w?dkB ftZu nkfJnk Bk
jh e'Jh nBjd Bkd dhnK nktk K ;[DB tkbk ns/ ezBK ftu c{eK wkoB tkbk (okXk ;[nkwh)

fBZsfonk ns/ Bk jh ;Zuk ;"dk eoe/ b'eK s'A XzB XzB ;fsr[o s/ok jh nk;ok ejkT[D tkb/ dh
nkswk ikrh .
j'o sK j'o fBwkfDnK, ohpK d/ w;hjk ejkT[D tkb/ bkb Mzv/tkb/ fe;/ ekwo/v
nkr{ dh th fjzws BjhA gJh fe u[oe ikt/ . ;G eZM[ nZyK Bkb d/y e/ id fJZe bZy d/ eohp pzd/
nkgD/ d/ ftZu jh oBkoEh pD e/ e?AgK ftZu fpmk fdZs/rJ/ sK f;o n pko ftZu fpnkB d/
D sZe jh ;hfws oj/. o/ d/ w{jz ftZu e"D jZE gkt/ < gzikp ftu sK fJBQK B/ nkgDh ;?Bk pDk
e/ykVe{nKs/uVQkfdZsh(;oekos'AfJBkwb?DbJh)go;oekohykVe{nKpko/fJBQKB{zfpZbh;[x
z
rJh <
fJBQK ekwo/vK Bkb'A sK wB[Zyh nfXeko s/ ghgbi cko f;tb
fbpoNh torhnK ;z;EktK d/ pjkdo :'X/ (i;N; ;heoh ns/ fwa skoe[zv/
nkfd) jh uzr/ oj/ fiBQK B/ toQdh nZr ftu ik e/ nZyhA fvZm/ jkb fby e/
feskpK okjhA d' h e'B d[BhnK ftu ;Zu dk gqrNktk ehsk .
fJj pZpo /o pkpk jh j? fe uNkB tor/ firo/ Bkb e[zG d/ w/b/ s/
bZyK dh GhV ftu j koK ;kbK dhnK nzXft tk;h gJhnK fgosK nZr/
vN ;edk j? . iK nkgDh iBw G{wh s'A j koK whb d{o, gokJ/ d/ ftZu,
p ?o fe;/ jfEnko ns/ ;?Bk s'A nkgD/ f;zx Bkd ftZu efj ;edk j? y[dk
uko/ gk;/ j? fe;/ fJZe fd k ftZu BjhA p?mk . nZi d/ fe;/ ny"sh soe hb
dh fjzws j? sK eo e/ tykt/l i/ T[; dhnK jZvhnK Gh fwb ikD sK efjDk
.
pZpo /o pkp/ B/ roi e/ e/tb kbwK B{z vokfJnk jh BjhA, xo
xo ik e/ G[Zb/ GNfenK B{z ihtB dk ;jh wkor d; e/ ihtB ftZu o;
Gfonk, BkwdkB p e/ gow/ o Bkb i'fVnk, Xow dh feos tkbk ukj/
GkJh bkb' soykD ;h iK jkew okfJp[bko ns/ Btkp d"bs kB ns/
;zrbkdhg dk okik f tBkG ;G B{zrb/ brkfJnk . ihtB d/ n ho ftZu nmkoK ;kb jZEhA
jb tkj e/ nzB g?dk eo e/ bzro bk e/ G[ZfynK d/ fYZv Go/ ns/ BzfrnK d/ sB Ye/, e'VhQ nK d/
o'r d{o ehs/ .
go nZi eZbQ d/ ny"sh r[o{nK ns/ pqjw frnkBh ;zsK tKr n pkoK
ns/ Nhatha okjhA nkgDh gpbhf;Nh bJh iK ;oeko dh ;ogq;sh gqkgs
eoB bJh BjhA, pbfe J/e[ fgsk J/e; e/ jw pkfoe d/ n;{b s/, ;G B{z
gow/ o d/ pZu/ ns/ nkgD/ GkJh ;wM e/ ehsk .
fJ;/ bJh fiZE/ izrb d/ pZpo /o dh roi ;[D e/ fBwkD/ fBskD/

r[owfs ;/XK - 74

ikBto GZi iKd/ jB T[E/pkp/ dh roi ;[D e/ jkbks d/ fbskV/ fBwkD/ b'e, gow/o fgnko d/
ftzBQ /j'J/iK gow/ o dh fgnko rbteVh d/ ukjtkB pkp/ d/ d[nkb/ x/ok gk b?Ad/jB .
izrb d/ pZpo o/ ns/ nekb g[oy o{g pZpo o/ d/ nB/eK ;[Gk nZv nZv jB, p;
! fJe' rZb ;KMh fwbdh j? fe Gpeko d'jK dh ;KMh j? . fJ;/ bJh GkJh r[odk; ih B/ fbfynk
j? .
p[fenk f;zx T[ikV ftfu
;G fworktfb GzBh ikJh .. (tko 1$34
34)
r[o{ ;kfjp d/ ;w/A Gh ny"sh ;zsK, wjKg[o K, ghoK ns/ d[ZX g[Zs d/
D tkb/ ;kXK dh e'Jh xkN BjhA ;h, go e'Jh Gh i[r gbNkT{ ezw BjhA eo
;fenk . fJ;/ bJh GkJh r[odk; ih d; oj/ jB .
Ezw/ e'fJ B ;kX
;kX[[ fpB[
;kX[ B fd;? ir ftu e'nk .. (tko 1$22
22)

r[ow[fy efb ftfu gorN[ j'nk.. (tko 1$27

27)
n?;/ ppo /o pkp/ dh fJj f;zx Bkd tkbh pkDh, ;qh r[o{ rqzE
;kfjp wjkoki ftZu'A, nZi Gh pkp/ dh roi, nk;k dh tko okjhA b'eK B{z
jb{D e/ irk ojh j? . pkp/ d/ tko;, r[o{ e/ f;Zy fJ; nBw'b dks B{z pkp/
d/ X[o nkswk dh nktk ikD e/ ;fseko Bkb wZE/ N/ed/ jB, tkoh x'bh
iKd/ jB goeowk eod/ jB .
fJ; ;fseko B{z ekwo/vh fposh tkb/ ny"sh p[ZXh ihth ns/ nwohek
ftZu gqrNh f;ZyK dh BthA nek rzrk (r[opy f;zx ekbk ncrkBk) ns/
T[; d/ J/izN fJ; ;fseko eo e/ f;ZyK B{z nkeko g{ie, nzX ft tk;h,
pqkjwD tkdh b K Bkb Gzv oj/ jB. r[o{ Gbh eo/ fJBQK B{z ;[wZs p / .
izrb dk pZpo o/ id ikr e/ T[fmnk o/ Bh efjD bZrh e'Jh f eko wko e/ fbnk
. o/ B/ gfjbK nzrVkJh bJh c/o Gpe wko e/ g[ZSD bZrk d/y w/oh nZy bkb j? < o/ Bh
efjD bZrh jK . fco g[ZfSnk dZ; w/oh w[ZS yVQh j? o/ Bh B/ fejk jK . o/ izrb ftZu frnk
;kjwD/ izrbh G?A;k fdfynk. o/ B/ fJZe' tko, gzi/ dk ehsk ns/ G?A;k X"D goB/ ;[ZN fbnk .
frZdV Gh fJj ;G e[ZM d/y fojk ;h . T[; B/ frdVh B{z g[ZfSnk fe nZy bkb j? <
frdVh B/ jK eo fdZsh fco g[ZfSnk dZ; wZS
[ yVh j? frdVh B/ jK ftZu f;o fjbk fdZsk . frZdV
izrb ftZu frnk G?A;k B o nkfJnk . frZdV B/ MgN wko e/ id gzik wkfonk, frZdV dk gzik
G?A;/ d/ f;zrK ftZu c; frnk . id G?A;/B/ ;[GkfJeh f;o fjbkfJnk . frZdV dk gj[u
[ z k N[ZN frnk

r[owfs ;/XK - 75

.
fJ;/ soQK id Bebh fBozekoh pkpk r[opuB f;zx B/ pZpo /o pkp/
dh Beb eo e/, 1978 ftZu Bebh roi wkoh. Gkt nkgD/ u/fbnK s'A
ib{; eYk e/ ib{; ftZu fJj n?bkB ehsk r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx B{z
nfXnksfwetkd dk eh gsk ;h, T[j sK ;koh T[wo iK f eko y/bdk fojk
iK bVkJhnK eodk fojk. T[; B/ gzi fgnko/ ;ki/ ;B . w?A ;Zs ;sko/
pDkJ/ jB fJfs nkfd . i' j o T[; dk j'fJnk T[j ;G B{z gsk jh j? .
nekb o{g pkp/ dk r[og[op wBkT[D tkb/ pkp/ d/ ny"sh tko;' !
pkpk nZi th pkDh okjhA efj fojk j? .
GkJh o/ r[o fpB[ frnkB[ B j'fJ ..
g{Sj[ pqjw/ Bkod? p/d fpnk;? e'fJ .. ((nr 59
59))
eh s[;hA nzfwqs SZe e/ r[o{ tkb/ pD rJ/ j' < iK eh s[;hA fJ; wz b s/
gj[zuD dh fsnkoh bJh ;kps ;{ofs d;sko f;ok B{z r[o{ j[ew wzB e/
dkVQh e/; oZy/ jB <
fiBQK B/ r[o{ d/ j[ew wzB e/ nzfwqs Sfenk j?, eh s[;hA r[o{ pkp/ d/
j[ew
BkT[ gqGks? ;pfd fXnkJhn? S'vj[ d[Bh gohsk..
gqDtfs BkBe dk;fB dk;k ifr jkfonk fsfB ihsk ..
(n r 1330
1330)
nB[;ko nzfwqs t/b/T[Zm Bkw pkDh dh ewkJh eod/ j' < eh s[;hA nzfwqs SZeD t/b/r[o{
Bkb ehs/ tkfJd/ nB[;ko wkBf;e ns/ ;ohfoe (gi eekoh ofjs) oZyD bJh ssgo j' < eh
s[;hA r[o{ nk / nB[;ko
xkfb ykfJ feS[ jEj[ d/fJ ..
BkBe okj[ gSkDfj ;/fJ .. (n r 1245
1245)
d/ XkoBh pD e/ wB[Zysk ns/ Xow ekoiK bJh nkgDk o gSkD e/,
fJ; gk;/ uZbD dk T[gokbk eod/ j' <
;kB{z ;kfonK B{z nkgDh ;`? gVu'b eo e/ fJZe edw nrkjK g[ZND
Bkb r[o{ dh [ h gqkgs eoe/ jh r[og[op wBkT[Dk ;b j' ;edk j? . BjhA
sK r[o{ pkpk fbjk fe;/ dh BjhA eodk ns/ efj fdzdk j?L
fJfe ngD? ;[nkfJ nkfJ pjfj r[o nkr?
fiT[ pr[b ;wkfX brkJhn? ..

r[owfs ;/XK - 76

r[owfs ;/XK - 77

pr[bk ekr Bhu eh ;zrfs

ikfJ eozr fpy{ w[fy bkJhn? .. (n r 881
881))
r[opkDh nB[;ko f;Zy dh gqhGk k ns/ fBZseow L
r[o ;fsr[o ek i' f;y[ nykJ/
;[ Gbe/ T[fm jfo Bkw[ fXnkt? ..
T[dw[ eo/ Gbe/ goGksh
fJ;BkB[ eo/ nzfwqs ;fo Bkt? ..
T[gd/f; r[o{ jfo jfo ig[ ikg?
;fG febfty gkg d'y bfj ikt? ..
fcfo uV? fdt;[ r[opkDh rkt?
pjfdnk T[mfdnk jfo Bkw[ fXnkt? ..
i' ;kf; frokf; fXnkJ/ w/ok jfo jfo
;' r[of;y[ r[o{ wfB Gkt? .. (n r 305-306
305-306))
d;w/ fgsk tZb'A kb;/ dh fBoXkfos gqhGk k Likrs i's ig? fB; pk;[o
J/e fpBk wB B?e B nkB? ..
i' iVQ t;s{, gZEo dh w{osh, 'N' nkfd dh g{ik BjhA eodk pbfe
fJe i'fs o{g, ;dk ;d ikrs nekb g[o dk fdB oks Bkw igdk j?
ns/ fJZe nekb g[oy tkfjr[o{ s'A fpBK j'o fe;/ B{z fpbe[b wB ftZu BjhA
fbnkT[Adk .
g{oB gqw
/ gqshs ;i?
pqs r'o wVh wN G{b B wkB? ..
fi; d/ fjod/ ftZu gow/ o dk fgnko g{oB s"o s/ tf;nk j'fJnk j? Bkb jh
gow/ o s/ g{oB s"o s/ Go';/ Bkb wB f zrkfonk j'fJnk j? ns/ fe;/ fe;w
d/ tos, epo, wVQh (;wkX) d{;o/ XowK d/ g{ik n;Ek (p'X wZm nkfd) B{z
G[Zb e/ th BjhA w Bdk .
shoE dkB dfJnk sg ;ziw
J/e fpBk Bj J/e gSkB? ..
i', ;{oi rqfjD iK e[zG d/ jfod[nko, fsqp?Dh ns/ g[ eo nkfd
shoEK d/ fJ BkB, p'XhnK ns/ i?BhnK, nkfd dh nfjz;k gow' XowK tkbh
d:k, sg skgB, nB/eK gqeko s/ nkBwsh ;ziw, fe;/ B{z Gh XkoB eoB

dh pikJ/, fJZe gow/ o s'A fpBK, fJBQK B{zgfjukDdk jh BjhA .

g{oB i's ir? xN w?
sp ykb; skfj Bykb; ikB? ..
fi; d/ fjod/ ftZu gow/ o dh i'fs gqrN j' rJh j? sK jh T[j
kb; ns/ [ZX kb;k ikfDnk ik ;edk j? .
fJ; wkor s/ ub e/ ;b j'D bJh nkU ;ko/ ob e/ nodk;
eohJ/ L
jw nzX[b/ frnkBjhB nfrnkBh
feT[ ukbj wkofr gzEk ..
jw nzX[b/ eT[ r[o nzub[ dhi?
iB BkBe ubj fwbzEk .. (n r 696
696))
!!!

r[owfs ;/XK - 79

j? e'T{ n?;' jwok whs[

f;nkfDnK dk eEB j? fe i' j? ( kjoh s"o s/ i' fdydk j?), T[j tk;st ftZu j? BjhA
ns/ i' BjhA j? Gkt i' kjok s"o s/ fdydk BjhA T[j n;b ftZu j? . ;kvk fdyD tkbk ;oho i'
j?, T[j n;b BjhA pbfe i' ;kvk ihT[ (wB p[fX, fus ns/ jzeko) ns/ i' nksfwe i's ;kv/ nzdo
tos ojh j? T[j jh n;b ftZu j? .
fJ;/ soQK id n;hA ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp wjkoki dh pkDh thuko
Bkb gVQd/ jK sK gsk ubdk j? fe kb;k gzE dk i' pkjoh ;o{g ns/
toskok Gkt tZv/ tZv/ ;[Bfjoh r[zpdK tkb/ r[od[nko/, T[u/ fB kB ;kfjp,
ft kb ehosB dopko ns/ bZv{ ib/phnK, po?Zv ge"fVnK tkb/ ns[ZN
bzro, i' gzE d/ pkjob/ ib" d/ gqshe jB fJ; s'A fes/ tZvh, ;d ihtB
tkbh nekbh ;'u ns/ ihtB iku dk XkoBh dk wkbe fJZe f;Zy j? ns/
nfijhnK fJekJhnK dk ;w{j jh kb;k gzE j?.
;kv/ pkjobh fdyktN tkb/ ft kb ehosB dopkoK iK
r[od[nkfonK ns/ v/fonK ftZu uZb oj/ nyzv gkmK dhnK fJe'sohnK
dhnK pBktNh rZbK ftZu jh nZi gzE T[bM e/ GNedk B o nk fojk j?,
fi; ekoB gzE dk ;dkukfoe gsB j' e/ n;hA ehoh iwkb ns/ pkd kjh
ibkb s'A ;ZyD/ j' rJ/ jK .
T[gobh thuko B{z ;wMD bJh, j/m fdZs/ pd dh thuko eo
b?Dh nZSh j? .
XBk;oh wjbk 5
pzXB s/ S[Nekt? gqG{ fwbkt? jfo jfo Bkw[ ;[Bkt? ..
n;fEo[ eo/ fBjub[ fJj[ wB{nk pj[fo B esj{ Xkt? ..
j? e'T{ n?;' jwok whs[ ..
;r
b ;wrqh ihT[ jhT[ d/T[ nogT[ ngB' uhs[...1
;rb
1 .. ojkT[..
go XB go sB go eh fBzdk fJB f;T[ gqhfs B bkr? ..
;zsj ;zr[ ;zs ;zGkyB[ jfo ehosfB wB[ ikr? ..
..2
2..
r[D fBXkB dfJnkb g[oy gqG ;op ;{y dfJnkbk..
wkr? dkB[ Bkw[ s/o' BkBe[ fiT[ wksk pkb r[gkbk ..
3.. (nzr 674
..3
674))

noE L- (j/ GkJh ! fijVk w?B{z wkfJnk d/) pzXBK s'A S[vk d/t/ ns/
gowkswk Bkb w/b eotk d/t/, fJj wB i' fJZXo T[ZXo GNedk ofjzdk
j?, fJ; B{z nuZb eo d/t/ sK i' w[V fJj (ed/) GZi/ d"V/ Bk . nfijk e'Jh j?
1 ..
< ..1
j/ GkJh n?;k e'Jh ;kvk fwZso j? < i/ j?, sK w?A xo dh ;koh
;wZroh (wkb, XB, ;wkB) T[; B{z nogD eo fdnK ns/ nkgDk fuZs th
1 ..
T[; B{z ;"Ag d/tK ..1
j/ gqG{ gokfJnk ;oho (go fJ;sqh$g[o ) gokfJnk XB, gokJh
fBzdk, fJBQK Bkb w/oh gqhs Bk bZr/ . w?A ;zsK dk ;zr, ;zsK Bkb r' N
(rZbpks) eoK ns/ joh d/ ehosB ftZu w/ok wB ikrdk oj/ . Gkt u/szB
oj/ .
j/ r[DK d/ y kB/ . j/ dfJnk eoB tkb/ ! j/ ;op ftnkge ! j/
gqG{ ! j/ ;ko/ ;[yK d/ p eoB tkb/ fdnkb{! j/ fgqEth d/ wkbe! fit/A
pZuk (nkgDh) wK gk;'A G'iB wzrdk j?, fst/A BkBe s/o/ gk;'A Bkw dkB
wzrdk j? ?o gkt' ih .
pd thuko L
gfjb/ pzd ftZu wjkoki B/ pzXB s'VB ns/ gqG{ fwbkg dh rZb
ehsh j? . pzXB eh jB< T[j ;ko/ eow i' gqG{ fwbkg ftZu nNekoK gkT[Ad/
jB, r[opkDh nB[;ko pzXB jB .
;qh r[o{ BkBe d/t wjkoki B/ ;z;koh pzXBK dk ft;sko fJzM ehsk
j? .
pzXB wks fgsk ;z;kfo ..
pzXB ;[s ezfBnk no[ Bkfo ..
2..
..2
pzXB eow Xow jT[ ehnk ..
3..
pzXB g[s[ ebs[ wfB phnk ..
..3
pzXB feoyh eofj feo;kB ..
jT[w? vzB[ ;j? okik wzr? dkB ..
4 ..
..4
pzXB ;T[dk nDthukoh ..
fsgfs Bkjh wkfJnk w'j g;koh ..
5..
..5
pzXB ;kj ;zufj XB[ ikfJ ..
fpB[ jfo Grfs B gtJh EkfJ ..
6..
..6

r[owfs ;/XK - 80

r[owfs ;/XK - 81

pzXB p/d[ pkd[ njzeko ..

pzXfB fpB;? w'j fteko ..
7..
..7
BkBe okw Bkw ;oDkJh ..
;fsr[fo oky/ pzX[ B gkJh ..
8.. nzr 416 ..
..8
Gkt L- wksk, fgsk, g[Zso, Xh, fJ;soh d/ w'j ftZu c;e/ id gqG{ G[Zb
ikt/ sK fJj pzXB jB. jzeko ftZu nk e/ ehs/ eow Xow ;G pzXB jB .
fpB;Bjko wkfJnk bJh y/sh iK tgko ftZu w;s j' e/ gow/ o tZb'A w{zj
w'V b?D tkb/ eow pzXB jB. jzeko g?dk eoB tkbk, Xow rqzEK dk gkm
ns/ Xkofwe pfj;K pzXB jB. jo gqeko dk w'j ns/ wkfJnkth fteko
pzXB jB . fJBQK pzXBK s'A Bk nkgD/ nkg pfunk ik ;edk j? Bk jh j'o
e'Jh puk ;edk j?, e/tb r[o{ dh oD b? e/ gow/ o dk Bkw igD Bkb
pzXB N[ZNd/ jB .
e?;h nihp rZb j?, nfrnkBsk tZ; n;hA fJj ;ko/ pzXB nkg
r[o{ e'b'A wzrd/ jK fiBQK pko/ r[o{ ;kfjp ;kB{z ;[u/s eo oj/ jB . tZv/ tZv/
r[od[nkfonK ftZu gzuwh, g{oBwk h ns/ wZf;nk nkfd dhnK tZvhnK
tZvhnK GhVK i' T[wV T[wV e/ nkT[AdhnK jB, B{z i/ rj[ Bkb d/fynk ikt/
sK fJj ;ukJh ;kjwD/ nkt/rh fe ;G pzXB wzrD nkT[Ad/ jB e'Jh ftob/
jh gow/ o ns/ r[o{ d/ fgnko ftZu fGZi e/ do B eoB ns/ ehosB ;[DB
nkT[Ad/ jB .
fJ; bJh nkw d/yD B{z fwbdk j? fe r[od[nkfonK ftu fiE/
r[opkDh dk gkm, thuko, iK ehosB okjhA, r[opkDh nB[;ko ;jh ihtB
iku dZ;h ik ojh j[zdh j?, T[E/ ftob/ jh r[o{ fgnko/ p?m e/ ;[DB tkb/ j[zd/
jB . pkeh GhV, pZ;, ;o'to ftZu, fJ BkB bJh v[peh brkJh, wZEk N/e
e/ eVkj- gq kd G/N ehsk ns/ r[o{ ;kfjp s'A ;z;kfoe wzrK (pzXB) wzrD
fgZS'A pkjo nk e/ po?Zv ge"V/ ns/ ukj dk bzro SZe e/ tkg; gos
rJ/.
r[o{ xo nk e/ r[o{ e'b'A T[j wzfrnk fi; s'A r[o{ ;kB{z ;ktXkB eo
oj/ jB. fJ; pko/ r[opkDh fJzM dZ; ojh j? .
wwk wkrBjko fJnkBk ..
d/Bjko d/ ofjU ;[ikBk ..
iT[ wkrfj sT[ wkrfj phnk ..

ik s/ e[;b B ekj{ Ehnk ..

wkrfB wkr s J/efj wkr ..
BkBe ik s/ gofj gokr .. nzr 258-259
..
258-259..
noE L- w w/ (nZyo d[nkok toDB j?) fe wzrD tkbk (iht) fJnkDk (p/
;wM) j? . d/D tkbk gqG{ ;[ikB j? fJ; bJh gokbGd nB[;ko gfjbK jh
;G e[ZM d/ fdZsk j? (fi; d/ fJj :'r j?) . s{z ekjd/ bJh uh g[eko eo
fojk j?A < fco id Gh wzrdk j? (fJe Bkw B{z SZv e/) j'o j'o e[M wzrdk j?.
fi; B{z wzr e/ ed/ e'Jh ;[yh BjhA j'fJnk . BkBe (r[o{ ;kfjp c[owkT[Ad/
jB) fe i/ s{z e[M wzrDk j? sK fJZe' jh (gow/ o) dk Bkw wzr fi; s/
(s{z ;z;ko o{gh Gt ;kro s'A) gko j' ikt/A .
fJ; s'A nZr/ r[o{ ;kfjp dZ; oj/ jB fe pzXB s'A S[Nekok fdtk e/
i' gqG{ Bkb fwbkg eotk d/t/ ns/ w/o/ GNed/ wB B{z ;fEo eo d/t/ T[jh w/
ok fwZso j? . Bkb jh ;tkb ehsk j? fe e'Jh n?;k j? <
e/tb pkjobhnK Xkofwe o;wK ftZu c;D ekoB ns/ r[opkDh
dk thuko ;fjs gkm Bk eoB eoe/ Bk ;kv/ wB ftZu gqG{ d/ fwbkg dk
ukT[ g?dk j'fJnk jh BjhA ;kB{z ed/ fJj nfj;k; j'fJnk j? fe ;kvk wB
GNe fojk j? . fJ; bJh n;hA nkgD/ fwZso T[j u[D/ jB i' nkg GNeDK
ftZu c;/ j'J/ jB iK fco ;kv/ fwZso n pko s/ Nhatha jB i' j'o wB B{z
GNekT[Ad/ jB .
fiZE/ n;hA nfrnkBsk tZ;, r[o{ xo nk e/ wB dh GNeDk sw
eoB bJh pkDh Bkb wB BjhA brKd/ T[E/ T[Zuh T[Zuh ;z;koh rZbK eo e/,
wB i'V e/ pkDh ;[DB tkb/ dk wB T[ukN eo e/ j'o gkg yZNd/ jK .
r[od[nko/ nk e/ eh eoBk j? ns/ fet/A eoBk j? r[opkDh dZ; ojh j? L
;fsr[o{ c[owkfJnk ekoh J/j eo/j[ ..
r[o{ d[nko? j'fJ e? ;kfjp ;zwkb/j[ ..
;kfjp ;dk ji{fo j? Gow? e/ ST[V efN e? nzsfo i'fs Xo/j[ ..
jfo ek Bkw nzfwqs j? dko{ J/j[ bkJ/j[ ..
;fsr[o ek GkDk fufs oyj[ ;ziw[ ;uk B/j[ ..
BkBe n?E/ ;[y? nzdfo oy;h n
r? jfo f;T[ e/b eo/j[ ..
nr
(nzr 554
554)
noE L- ;fsr[o{B/ fJj f;Zfynk fdZsh j? fe r[od
{ n
[ ko/ ik e/ (j'ok bs{ rZbK BjhA eoBhnK) e/

r[owfs ;/XK - 82

r[owfs ;/XK - 83

tb nkgD/ wkbe gqG{dh T[;ss eo' Gkt Bkw ig', gkm eo' iK ehosB ;[D'. Gow d/ god/ gkV
e/ gow/ o B{z jk o Bk o ikD' ns/ fjod/ ftZu nekbh i'fs B{z t;kU . jo gqeko d/ dZy
[ K bJh
gow/ o dk nzfwqs o{gh Bkw, n;bh dtkJh j?, fJ; dko{ dh tos'A eo' . d[y ;[y B{z ;wkB ikD
e/ GkDk fwZmk eo e/ wzB.' J/j ;ziw d/ XkoBh pD' fi; Bkb gow/ o dk ;Zuk fgnko gqkgs j't/
.efjzd/jBr[o{;kfjpfei/fJj rZbwzBr
' /sKfJ;b'eftZuGh;Zy[ gqkgsj'tr
/ k nZr/gob'e ftZu
Gh gow/ o dh [ h jk;b j't/rh .
wjkoki gq B eod/ jB fe e'Jh nfijk j? i' w?Bz {T[go dZ;h wZs d/t,/ T[jh w/ok fwZso
j? . i/ o" Bkb d/fynk ikt/ sK r[opkDh gVQB s'A fJj ;wM nkt/rh fe gq B ftZu jh T[Zso j?
. r[opkDh jh ;kvk whs j? i' ;kB{z fJ; wkor s/ uZbD dh ;/X fdzdh j? .
go nfrnkBsk tZ; n;hA nfij/ fwZso Bz{pkjo'A GkbD dh e'f eod/ jK . ed/ fe;/
v/o/iKd/ jK ns/ ed/ fe;/ v/o/. i/ fJE/ ezw Bk pD/ sK fco d/th d/tfsnK e'b wzrD s[o g?Ad/jK
. fJE'A sZe fe wVQhnK, epoK, g{iD'A Gh r[o/ BjhA eod/ iK fco d/jXkoh r[o{d/ uZeo ftZu g? iKd/
jK i' fe nkg wkfJnk d/ pzXBK ftZu c;/ j'J/jB.
i/ rj[ Bkb thuko eohJ/, n;hA ;qh r[o{rqE
z ;kfjp wjkoki B{zT[gob/ wB' jh r[o{ikD
e/wZEkN/ed/jK.gon;bhnsfJjj?fe;kv/wBftZud[fBnkthfwZsofizBhGhGktBknkgD/
r[o{ bJh BjhA j? .
d[Bhnkth fwZso d/ ej/ s/ n;hA okp gh b?Ad/ jK . dkVQh e/;
eNtk fdzd/ jK, fbw d/yD iKd/ jK fi; Bkb ;kvk g?;k ou j[zdk j?,
;wK ftnoE iKdk j?, wB ftu fteko g?dk j[zd/ jB ns/ j'o bs ezw
eoB Bkb, ;wki ftZu ;kvk wkD ;fseko xNdk j? .
go r[o{ d/ efjD s/ n;hA pkDh BjhA gVQ ;ed/ Bkw BjhA igd/
nzfwqs t/b/ BjhA T[md/ s/ ofjs BjhA oZyd/ fi; s/ ;kvk e'Jh g?;k you BjhA
j[zdk, sB wB fBjkb j[zdk j? ns/ ;wki ftZu f;o T[Zuk j[zdk j? .
r[o{ ;kfjp dZ; oj/ jB fe w?A nfij/ fwZso s'A nkgDk ;G e[M, g?;k
X/bk, sB ns/ wB e[opkB eo d/tK i' w?B{z nfijh ihtB iku fdqV eotk
d/t/ . ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp wjkoki dh gftZso nzfwqswJh pkDh i' fJj eoB
d/ ;woZE j?, B{z Bk gVQB bJh n;hA eJh pjkB/ bZG/j'J/jB . gotko dh gkbDk eoBh j?, pZu/
gkbD/ jB, B"eoh s/ ikDk j?, pZu/;e{b SZv e/ nkT[AD/jB, ih ftjb jh BjhA, fejV/ t/b/gkm
eohJ/ .
r[o{ ;kfjp efjzd/ jB GkJh nzfwqs t/b/ T[Zm nkg/ ;wK fwb ikt/
rk . go id d/o oks sZe Nhatha d/yDk j? sK nzfwqs t/b/ fet/A T[ZmhJ/.

fco r[opkDh dZ; ojh j? L

T{ms p?ms ;'ts fXnkJhn? ..
wkor ubs jo/ jfo rkJhn? ..
ekofi ew pkN xkN ighi? ..
r[o gq;kfd jfo n fwqs ghi? .. (nzr 386
386))
fiBQK B/ r[o{ ;kfjp dh rZb wzBh j?, fXnkB Bkb thuko e/ pkDh
gVQh j? T[j wkfJnk dh szdqk s'A pu fBeb/ pkeh ;ko/ wdj' j'J/ gJ/ jB.
fJe' ;fsr[o{ ikrsk j'o[ ir[ ;{sk w'fj fgnk;..
;fsr[o[ ;/tfB ikrzfB ;/ i' os/ ;fu Bkfw r[Dskf; ..
nz r 592 ..
fJBQK ikr/ j'J/ r[ow[yK B/ r[o{ e'b'A fco pzXB tkbhnK uhiK BjhA
wzrhnK pbfe fJzi p/BshnK ehshnK jB .
w/o/ okw s'fV pzXB wkfJnk xo e? ezfw bkfJ ..
fBs jfo r[D rktj jfo Bkfw ;wkfJ ..
1.. ojkT[ . .
..1
(nzr 166
166)
fJBQK wkfJnk d/ pzXBK ftZu pzfXnk pzdk ;z;ko ftZu nkT[Adk
(izwdk) j? ns/ ;z;ko s'A iKdk (wodk) j? .
pzXfB pkfXnk nkt? ikfJ .. (nzr 903)
fiBQK B/ ;Zu/ fdZb'A p/BshnK ehshnK jB gow/ o B/ fdnkb j' e/
T[; dh pKj cVQ bJh ;fsr[o{ dk fwbkg j' frnk . r[o{ dh oB ns/
;fs;zrs Bkb wkfJnk d/ pzXB N[ZN rJ/ ns/ w[es j' frnk .
gkopqjfw fi;[ ehBh dfJnk ..
pkj gefV o'r' efY bfJnk ..
s{N/ pzXB ;kX ;zr[ gkfJnk ..
ej[ BkBe r[fo o'r[ fwNkfJnk .. (nzr 182
182)
e?;h nihp jkbs j?, nfijk frnkB p D tkbh pkDh s'A w{zj w'V
e/ n;hA e/tb r[od[nkok ;kfjp d/ ;o'to d/ fJ BkB, eVkj-gq kd dh d/r G/Nk eoB ns/
po?Zv ge"fVnK, ukj d/ bzro SZeD B{zjh ihtB be ;wM fbnk j?.
go r[o{ ;kfjp fJ; soQK fgnko Bkb ;kB{z T[gd/ d/ oj/ jB L
nktj[ f;y ;fsr[o{ e/ fgnkfoj' rktj[ ;uh pkDh..
pkDh s rktj[ r[o{ e/oh pkDhn
pkDhnkk f;fo pkDh .. (nz r 920)

r[owfs ;/XK - 84

go soetkdhnK Bz{e"D ;wMkt/ . efjzd/jB, pkDh gVQB Bkb eh j[d

z k j? s'sk oNB
j? . fJ;/ soQK dk fJZe soetkdh ;zs Jh o f;zx ih okVk ;kfjp tkfbnK B{ztko tko fJjh ejh
ikt/ fe pkDh gVQB dk ehk fJdk j? < id T[BKQ d/fynk BjhA ;wMdk sK T[BKQ n;wkfie rZb
efj fdZsh . soe hb GVe fgnk s/ efjD bZrk s[jkB{zfJdK BjhA efjDk ukjhdk ;h.
;zs efjD bZr/ fe w?A e'Jh ;'Nh sK wkoh BjhA f;o p'fbnk jh j?. i/ w/o/ p'b, i' fe
pkDh j? s/oh wkBf;e dk pdb ;edh j? sK r[o{BkBe d/ fjod/ ftu'A fBebh pkDh s/oh wkBf;e
fposh BjhA pdb ;edh <
r[o{ ;kfjpkB ns/ ;zs wjKg[o K d/ fjod/ ftZu'A gorN j'Jh pkDh
frnkB dk ;'wk j? . ;ko/ ;z;ko bJh ;b ihtB bJh ukBD w[Bkok j?,
fsq Bk, Jhoyk, dt?y ftZu ibd/ fjofdnK B{z mkoB bJh ;hsbsk dk
Gzvko j?, fBozeko Bkb fJZefwZe j'D bJh ;jh iku j?, gow/ o d/ fgnko
dk fJZe mkmK wkodk ;w[zdo j? ns/ b'e gob'e d/ ;ko/ ;[ZyK dk kBk j?.
;ko/ d[ZyK bJh r[o{ ;kfjpkB d/ nkgD/ fBih siop/ s/ nXkfos
goyh j'Jh ;jh d[nkJh, r[opkDh j? . jo fJZe f;Zy bJh fJj ;[B/jk j? L
efo fJ;BkB[ f;wfo gqG[ ngBk
wB sB GJ/ no'rk ..
e'fN fpxB bkE/ gqG ;oD
1..
;oDkk gqrN/ Gb/ ;i'rk ..
..1
gqG pkDh ;pd[ ;[Gkfynk ..
rktj[ ;[Dj[ gVj[ fBs GkJh r[o g{o? s{ okfynk.. (n r 611
611)
go n;hA XkoBk pDkJh j? fe fJj pkDh GkJhnK ns/ okrhnK bJh
j? . fJ; bJh GkJh nkT[Ad/ jB nyzv gkm eo iKd/ jB . Bk n;hA y[d gkm
eod/ jK Bk ;[Dd/ jK .
r[o{ ;kfjp fusktBh d/ oj/ jB L
;' f;y[ ;yk pzXg[ j? GkJh
fi r[o e/ GkD/ ftfu nkt? ..
nkgD? GkD? i' ub? GkJh
ftS[fV u'Nk ykt? .. (n r 601
601)
sK s/ r[o{ nk / nB[;ko r[o{ xo ik e/ pkDh gVQB ;[DB ns/ ;/tk eoB ftZu
jh ;kvk Gbk j? .
tkfjr[o{ ih ek kb;k ..
tkfjr[o{ ih eh sfj ..

r[owfs ;/XK - 85

!!!

r[owfs ;/XK - 87

ehosB fBow'be[ jhok

ehosB d/ noE jB f;s ;bkj, r[DK dk toBD . ehosB, r[DK dk pj[tuB Gkt
r[DK dk toBD eoBk, r[D rkT[Dk, rk e/ f;s ;bkj eoBh . r[owfs nB[;ko oZph f;sK
ns/ nodk; r[opkDh d/ pdK B{zrk e/ eoBk j? . iBw ;kyh nB[;ko irs w/ okr pj[s Ek
pd Gh pj[s Ek go pd e' okr w/ fwbkfJ e/ rkT[Dk pkp/ BkBe irs e' f;ykfJnk j? .
k;soh ;zrhs ns/ r[owfs ;zrhs dk o e jh fJj' j? fe k;soh ;zrhs ftZu
;tkoh okr dh j? s/ x'Vk pd j? . fJZe fJZe pzd s/ rkfJe fJZe xzNk e/tb okr B{zgqrNkT[D
s/ brkT[Adk j? . id fe r[owfs ;zrhs ftZu ;tkoh pd dh j? ns/ x'Vk okr j? . ;zrhs
f;o wB fJekrosk ns/ o; bJh j? go gqXkB pd dh thuko j? .
nZieZbQpj[s/okrh e/tb pd gVQd/jB ehosB BjhA eod/ . ehosB T[j j? i' X[oA'
nzdo'A r[opkDh dh j{e okjhA fBeb/ . fJ; bJh f;nkfDnK B{zehosB dh gqhGk k fdZsh j? . ehosB Gkt fi; B{zgow/ o dh ehosh eoBh nk rJh T[; d/ ;kjwD/ d[fBnkth osB eh uh jB<
sK jh gks kj B/ fbfynk j? .
fi; B' py;/ f;cfs ;kbkj ..
BkBe gkfs;kjh gkfs;kj[ .. ig[ih .. gT[Vh 25
..
25..
fiBQK B/ r[owfs nB[;ko ehosB ehsk j? T[BQK B{z jh nksfwe
nBzd ns/ p/gotkjh B;hp j'Jh j? . fJBQK w;s w"fbnK B/ fco BjhA gotkj
ehsh ;w/A dh, ;wki dh, wkfJnk dh ns/ je{wsK dh, nkgDh w;sh ftZu
ftuo/ jB
UBh Sfvnk wkfJnk ;[nktVk XB[ ;zfunk Bkw[ ngko[ ..
nm/ gjo fJes? fbt? wzB/ fB j[ew[ ngko[ ..
(nzr 959-60
959-60)
nfij/ cZeo gzE ftZu nkfd ekb s'A j[zd/ nkJ/ jB . wjkokik oDihs f;zx
d/ okiekb ;w/A ;qh nzfwqs;o ih, GkJh wB;k f;zx ih fB ekw ehosB
efonk eod/ ;B . nfs dh ohph ftZu Gh nksfwe y/V/ftZu ofjzd/;B. wjkokik oDihs f;zx
ih B/ id fJZe tko ;qh nzfwqs;o nk e/ ehosB ;[fDnk s/ Bkb jh GkJh ;kfjp dh nkofEe szrh
dk gsk bZrk ns/ wB ftZu ohp f;Zy ikD e/ wkfJnk d/D T[BKQ d/ xo rJ/ sK GkJh ;kfjp B/
xo dk dotk k pzd eo fbnk ns/ nkfynk fe w?A r[o{ okwdk; d/ ohe d/ do B BjhA eoB/

;Zs/pbtzv d/ Bkok j' e/ ub/ ikD s/ ;zrs ftu p?m/r[of;yK Bkb ob e/ gzuw fgsk
B/ nkg ehosB ehsk . T[BKQ r[of;yK ftZuA' fJZe kBdkB okrhnK dk eoe/ w j{o j'fJnk .
T[; kBdkB ftu'A ;B pkpk kw f;zx ih i' fgSbh ;dh d/ gfjb/ nZX ftZu fJZe g{iBhe
ftnesh j'J/jB . fJBQK dk nkgDk v/ok Gh nkNk wzvh ftZu j? .
fJj wjKg[o jo o' ehosB dh u"eh dopko ;kfjp nk e/ eod/ ;B ns/ ehosB
Gh ;ozd/Bkb eod/ ;h . n hobh nt;Ek ftZu fJj ubD' fcoB' ofj rJ/ . ;/te efjD bZr/
pkpk ih, j[D ;oho nkfrnk BjhA fdzdk fJ; bJh dopko ;kfjp dh u"Aeh ofjD fdU . pkpk ih
B/ T[Zso fdZsk GkJh fJBQK jZvK ftu r[o{okwdk; wjkoki dk b{D ofunk j'fJnk j? ns/ n;hA
Bwe jokw fet/A pDhJ/ < fJ; s/ fJBQK d/ ;/te jo o' pfjzrh ftZu fpmk e/ fbnkT[Ad/;h ns/
n ho dw sZe dopko ;kfjp ehosB dh u"Aeh God/ oj/ .
fJZe tkoh pzrkb d/ B'pb g[o;eko fti/sk okfpzdo BkE N?ro' ih ;qh nzfwqs;o ih nkJ/
. fJj nkg wjkB ;zrhseko ;h. dopko ;kfjp ftu eo oj/ iZE/dk ehosB ;[D e/ wzs-q w[rX
j' rJ/ . ehosB dh ;wkgsh s/ fJBQK B/ iZE/B{zp/Bsh ehsh fe s[;hA w/o/Bkb ebeZs/ Ksh fBe/
sB uZb'ns/ ehosB eo'. fJE/ Bkb'A d[ZrDh sBykj d/tKrk . go iZE/B/ ;k itkp d/ fdZsk .
id N?ro' ih B/ ekoD gZf[ Snk sK T[BKQ T[Zso fdZsk r[o{okwdk; wjkoki ;Zu/ gkskj dk do
SZv e/ s[jkv/ Bkb e"D ikt/ <
GkJh oDXho f;zx ih d/ ehosB tko/ e"D BjhA ikDdk < id f;Zy
xokfDnK ftu rkT[Dk tikT[Dk wok;hnK dk ezw ;wfMnk iKdk ;h,
GkJh ;kfjp gfjb/ r[o{ e/ bkb ;B fiBQK B/ wkbt/ d/ fJbke/ ftZu xo xo
ehosB dhnK r{zikoK gk fdZshnK . fJBQK B/ sK i/bQ :ksok ;w/A i/bQ dhnK
ekb e'mVhnK B{z Gh Xow;kb dk o{g d/ fdZsk . brksko 60-70 xzN/ fJZe
u"AeV/ s/ fJBQK gkm s/ ehosB ;[fDnk ns/ nkg efonk j? .
f;zx ;Gk bfjo ;w/A GkJh jhok f;zx ih okrh gzE d/ wjkB ehosBhJ/ j'J/jB, fiBQK
d/ ehosB ;dek nB/eK r[of;Zy ns/ nBwshJ/ nzfwqs SZe e/ r[o{tkb/ pD/ . T[BKQ d/ ihtB dh
fJZexNBkr[owfsgquko;GktZbA'Skghg[;se nyhAt/fynks/ezBh ;[fDnkGkJh;kfjpjhok
f;zx ih okrh d/ gzBk 57 s/ fJ; soQK doi j? .
fJZe tkoh rowhnK ftZu id GkJh jhok f;zx ih e'j woh
(gkfe;skB ;fEs gjkVh dk BkT[A) rJ/ j'J/ ;B sK e[oh r[od[nkok ;kfjp
d/ gqXkB ;odko kw f;zx ih B/ fJ; soQK dZf;nk fJZe oks w/oh ik
yZ[bQh sK gjkV ftZu'A o; fGzBh ehosB dh X[fB nkJh do;B[ dhi? y'fb
fetko w/ok wB fyZfunk frnk s/ w?A T[Zm e/ pd dh ;/X s/ s[o fgnk, ik

r[owfs ;/XK - 88

r[owfs ;/XK - 89

e/ eh d/fynk fe fBoiB fJeKs ftu GkJh jhok f;zx ih fJeZb/ehosB dk o; wkD oj/ jB .
fJ;/ soQK GkJh ;kfjp pko/ ;zs fB;ub f;zx ih irkXoh tkfbnK B/ fJ; soQK dZf;nk
j? .
1924 dhnK rowhnk ftZu n;hA e[ZM fdBK bJh e'j woh d/
gjkV s/ ub/ rJ/ . r[od[nko/ g[ZiD go gsk bZrk fe eJh fdBK s'A GkJh
jhok f;zx ih T[ZE/ nkJ/ j'J/ jB . ;t/o d/ dhtkB dh ;wkgsh j' u[Zeh ;h,
n;hA ;'funk, ub' T[BQK d/ v/o/ ik fwbhJ/ . T[E/ g[Zi e/ d/fynk fe GkJh
;kfjp d/ iZE/ d/ ;ZiD sK p?m/ jB go nkg, GkJh ;kfjp T[E/ BjhA ;B .
T[BQK ftZu'A e'Jh dZ; Bk ;fenk fe T[j feZE/ rJ/ jB . ;' n;hA E'VQh ;?o
eoB d/ nk / Bkb pkjo uZb gJ/ . e[M d{o ik e/ ;kB{z j/mK yZv ftZu'A pd
dh ntk ezBh gJh . fXnkB T[Xo jh bZr frnk . fiZXo'A ntk nk ojh
;h, n;hA T[Xo uZb gJ/ . yZv ftZu T[sofdnK UVe r'fonK d/ epfo;skB
ik g[Zi/ . t/fynk sK GkJh jhok f;zx ih S'Nk tkik b? e/ ehosB ftZu
w;s jB . pd gVQ oj/ ;B .
w[ekw[ efo xfo p?;Dk fBs ubD? eh X'y ..
n r 64
w[ekw[ sk go[ ikDhn? ik oj? fBjub[ b'e.. ((n
64)
n;hA T[BQK d/ fgSb/ gkf;UA nkJ/ ;K, fJ; bJh T[BQK B/ ;kB{z e'Jh
Bk fvZmk s/ n;hA uZ[g ughs/ p?m rJ/ . fJj pd dk G'r gk e/ nkg B/ d'
pd j'o rkfJB ehs/ .
fi;[ nk;fD jw p?m/ e/s/ p?f; rfJnk.. (nzr 488
88)
;kfjp[ ;w~kbfj
kbfj gzE[ fBjkbfj n;k Gh UE? ikDk.. (nr 579)
e'Jh xzNk e[ ehosB eoB fgZSA' GkJh jhok f;zx ih kw' j' rJ/ ns/ e[ZM fuo nv'b
p?m/oj/ . id T[BKQ dh fposh yZb
[ hQ sK n;K ;kjwD/ j' e/f sj p[bkJh s/ gZf[ Snk GkJh ;kfjp
nkg fJZE/fJeZb/p?m e/ ehosB dk nBzd wkD oj/ j' < T[BKQ B/ T[Zso fdZsk w/ok r[o{BkBe w/o/
Bkb j? w?A T[; B{z ehosB ;[Dk fojk ;h .
nfij/ ehosB bJh jh r[o{;kfjp B/ fejk j? Li' i' eE? ;[B? jfo ehosB[ sk eh d[owfs Bk; ..
;rb wB'oE gkt? BkBe g{oB j't? nk; .. (nzr 1300
1300)

S'fv wkfJnk e/ XzX ;[nkT[ .. (nzr 885

885)
nfij/ ehosB eoB tkb/ B{z wjkoki ft tk; fdbkT[Ad/ jB
fdB;[ o?fB jfo ehosB[ rkJhn? ..
;' iB[ iw eh tkN B gkJhn? .. (nzr 386
386)
nkgD/ n;o s'A e'Jh ezw eokT[Dk j't/ n;hA fe; soQK nXhBrh Bkb, jZE
i'V e/, ;ktXkB j' e/ ns/ fJekro fuZs Bkb d[BhnK dh bZik s'A p/
gotkj j' e/ f;sK ns/ p/Bsh eod/ jK . fJ;/ soQK nkgD/ ;Zu/ wkbe s'A
wzrD bJh Gh r[opkDh dZ; ojh j?
gqG eh T[;sfs eoj[ ;zs whs ..
;ktXkB J/ekro uhs .. (nzr 295
295)
gow/ o dh T[;ss ;XkoB p'bK Bkb, r[opkDh gkm iK r[opkDh ;[o skb
okr ftZu rk e/ fe;/ soQK Gh j' ;edh go jo jkbs ftZu gqG{ dh j {oh dk
nfj;k;, ;ktXkBsk s/ wB dh fB egNsk dk j'Dk o{oh j? . sK jh
ehosB okjhA gq/w wJh j{eK gow/ o B{z ohMkT[D bJh ;jkfJe j'DrhnK .
nfij/ ehosB eoB bJh jh r[of;Zy fBZs nodk;K eod/ jB .
wB wfj fustT[ fustBh T[dw[ eoT[ T[fm Bhs..
jfo ehosB ek nkjo' jfo d/j[ BkBe e/ whs .. (nzr 519
519)
pd d/ Gkt s'A nDfGi j' e/ e/tb okr d/ nbkg ns/ sKBK d/ gbfNnk
tkb/, wB ftZu ekwBk oZy e/ d[BhnK B{z ehosB ;[DkT[D tkb/ bJh r[o
T[gd/ fJ; soQK j? .
ep e' Gkb? x[zxo{ skbk ep e' pikt? opkp[..
nkts iks pko fyB[ bkr? jT[ sp br[ ;wkoT[ Bkw[ ..
w/o? wfB n?;h Grfs pfB nkJh ..
jT[ jfo fpB[ fyB[ gb[ ofj B ;eT[
i?;/ ib fpB[ whB[ wfo ikJh ..
1.. ojkT[..
..1
ep e'T{ w/b? gzu ;s rkfJD
ep e' okr X[fB T[mkt? ..
w/bs u[Bs fyB[ gb[ u;k bkr?
sp br[ w/ok wB[ okw r[B rkt? ..
2..
..2
ep e' Bku? gkt g;ko? ep e' jkE g;ko?
jkE gkt g;kos fpbw[ fsb[ bkr?
3 ..
sp br[ w/ok wB[ okw ;w~ko?
..3
k o? ..

ehosB[ fBow'be jhok .. nkBzd r[Dh rjhok .. (nzr 893

893)
ns/ nfij/ ehosB eoB tkb/ B{z jh fejk j? L
Gb' Gb' o/ ehosBhnk okw oow
wk okwk r[B rkT[ ..

r[owfs ;/XK - 90

ep e'T{ b'rB eT[ gshnkt?

b'fe gshD? Bk gfs j'fJ ..
iB BkBe jfo fjod? ;d fXnktj[
4.. (nzr 368
368))
..4
sk i? i? eo/ ;G[ e'fJ ..
ekwBk tZ; g?;/ bJh ehs/ ehosB bJh r[o{ B/ efj fdZsk
(tko nk;k)
o'Nhnk ekofD g{ofj skb .. (nzr 465
465))
e'Jh rkt? okrh Bkdh p/dh pj[ Gkfs efo
Bjh jfo jfo Ghi? okw oki? ..
fiBk nzsfo egN[ fteko[ j? fsBk o'fJ fenk ehi?..
jfo eosk ;G[ f eS
450))
eS[[ ikDdk f;o o'fr jE[ dhi? .. (nzr 450
r[owfs nB[;ko ehosB eoB ns/ ;[DB tkfbnK dk jh ihtB
;b j'fJnk j? ns/ nfij/ ehosBhnK dk ehosB jh ifrnk;{nK d/ wB B{z
N[zp e/ ihtB ftZu gbNk fbnk ;edk j? .
nZi-eZbQ d/ ehosB dopkoK s/ okrhnK d/ ihtB tZb Mks
wkohJ/ sK ;[s/ jh ;G e[ZM gorN j' iKdk j? . gzi S/ fuwfNnK Bkb ns/
fszB fszB uko uko Y'behnK Bkb pkjobhnK, wB xVs N/eK bk e/ ehsk
nZi-eZbQ dk ;zsK dk ehosB fe;/ soQK Gh ehosB BjhA fejk ik
;edk . Bk sK fJj r[owfs nB[;ko r[opkDh dh s[e B{z N/e pDkT[Ad/ jB
Bk jh g{ok pd gVQd/ jB ns/ Bk jh T[; pd dh thuko jh ehsh iKdh j?
. pbfe r[opkDh d/ pd dh UN ftZu n?;hnK ;kyhnK ;[DkJhnK
iKdhnK jB fi; ftZu ed/ pho o;, ed/ eo[Dk o; ns/ ed/ jk;o; gqXkB
j[zdk j? . r[opkDh dh ;{M p{M s'A e'o/ ns/ jKtK GKtK Bkb wB goukt/ tkb/
jh fJ; B{z ep{bd/ jB . f;Zyh dh gqh-Bo;oh bJh jh fJj bkj/tzd j? .
fjoK ftu tZv/-tZv/ ehosB dopkoK d/ nzdo wkoh Mks Gh e[ZM
j'o gorN eodh j? . gzi nzefVnK tkbh w'Nh oew gfjbK ekow e/ ehsk
ehosB fe;/ soQK Gh r[owfs ehosB BjhA fejk ik ;edk . id'A fB ekw
ehosB j[zdk ;h okrh f;zx B{z e'Jh s'N Bk nkt/, B{z w[Zy oZy e/ ;zrsK pd
G/N g?;k fdzdhnK ;B. j[D id gfjbK 20-30 j ko dh h; wzr bJh sK
pd G/N dh Mke oZyDh ns/ pd G/N d/Dh d'B'A ngo;zrs jB .
fJBQK tZv/ tZv/ ehosB dopkoK ftZu nkT[D tkb/ e'Jh ftob/ jh
r[o{ d/ fgnko/ ehosBhJ/ jB i' nkg e'Jh fBZsB/w eod/ jB toBk ;G e[ZM

r[owfs ;/XK - 91

b'eK B{z ;[DkT[D bJh ns/ g?;/ pN'oB bJh jh j' fojk j? . fco fJBQK ftZu'A
ftob/ jh jB i' nkgD/ e;p Bkb fJB;k eod/ jB, BjhA sK ;ob skbK
Bkb okr ftZfdnk s'A e'o/ e/tb gow/ o dh p h uzrh ntk s'A jh ezw
;kod/ jB .
GkJh ;w[zd f;zx, GkJh ;zsk f;zx ns/ GkJh pbpho f;zx ih tor/
okr ebk ftu fBg[zB g{ok skD bk e/ r[opkDh dh ;{M p{M nB[;ko ehosB
eoB tkb/ j[D NKt/A NKt/ fwbd/ jB . fgSbh ;dh d/ nozG ftZu ?o f;ZyK
dk nB[Gt ;h fe jfowzdo ;kfjp ftZu f;Zy n?;k ;[zdo ehosB eod/ jB
fe T[Zvd/ gzSh Gh w'fjs j' iKd/ ;h .
g[okDhnK Ne;kbh pzd K ns/ pdK d/ Gkt nB[e{b fpyVhnK
skbK, fi; ftZu r[opkDh dk nZyo nZyo fByko e/ oZfynk ikt/ ns/
;q'fsnK d/ ;wM nkt/, ;[o skb, okr pZX ehosB j[D nb'g j[zdk ik fojk
j? . gVskb dhnK i' ohsK fgSb/ j'o okrh ns/ GkJh py h f;zx ih
ekBV/ okr ftZu ;[Dk rJ/ j[D feZE/ ;[DB B{z fwbdhnK jB .
;q'fsnK dk jkb Gh fJj' fijk jh j? . pj[sh ;zrs e/tb tki/ dh
fNT{B ns/ ;[ohbh ntk d/ ezB o; sZe jh ;hfws j? . r[opkDh d/ gkm
ns/ pd d/ Gkt s'A ftj{Dh ;zrs B{z Ne;kbh ehosB ftu nBzd BjhA
fwbdk . fJ; bJh r[DtkB, ebk fBg[zB okrh f;zxK dh edo xN rJh .
GkJh jofizdo f;zx ih ;qh Bro tkfbnK dk rkfJnk pd
i'rhnk wstko' o/ s/ seohpB ;koh ;zrs M{w T[Zmdh j? go pd d/
Gkt
ukfo g[ekofj Bk s{z wkBfj ..
yN[ Gh J/ek pks tykBfj ..
d; n;Nh fwfb J/e' efjnk ..
sk Gh i'rh G/d[ B bfjnk ..
feze[oh nB{g tki? ..
i'rhnk wstko' o/ .. (nzr 886
886))
dk Gkt ;zrs ftZu'A ftofbnK B{z jh gsk j't/rk . fJ; bJh ezB
o; eo e/ M{wd/ jB ns/ r[opkDh dk n;o Gh ezB sZe jh ofjzdk j? fjod/
sZe BjhA gj[zudk ns/ ihtB ftZu pdbkn BjhA nkT[Adk .
;zrhswJh okr dh so fJZe wkfXnw j? wB B{z fJekro eoB
bJh sK i' fJekro wB s/ j'Jh pd dh u'N Bkb pd dk Gkt wB ftZu

r[owfs ;/XK - 92

r[owfs ;/XK - 93

X; ikt/ ns/ ihtB ftZu pdbkn nk e/ ihtB ;b j' ;e/ . BjhA sK fJj ;G e[ZM fJ; soQK j't/
rk fe f eko eoB bJh pzde
{ sK j? fB kBk Gh ;kfXnk go ekos{; ftZu SoQ/ BjhA ns/ c'ek
k fJo j? . pzde
{ uZbD dh ntk sK nkt/rh go f eko BjhA wo/rk .
r[opkDh dk ;fji gkm, thuko e/ eoB Bkb jh r[opkDh d/ r[ZM/Gkt, gow/ o d/
fgnko wJh tbtb/ ns/ nkgD/ nzdo Mksh wkoB dh ;wM nkT[Adh j? . r[o{feogk ;dek fJ;
soQK dh ;wM tkb/ ;o's/jh ehosB dk g{okk fJdk T[mk ;ed/ jB ns/ fJ; soQK d/ ;qs
' / jh fJj
wfj;{; eod/ jB .
r[opkDh ;[Bs w/ok wB dqftnk ..
wB[ GhBk fBi xfo nkt?r' .. (nzr 1308
1308)
go fJj ;G ;Zu/ fdb'A r[o{ nZr/ ehshnK nodk;K ;dek jh j'
;edk j? . r[o{ wjkoki feogk eoB ;kB{z r[owfs nB[;ko ehosB eoB
ns/ ;[DB dh iku nk ikt/ .
;[fD p/Bzsh ;[nkwh ng[B/ BkBe[ fJj[ ;[y wkr? ..
ij ehosB[ s/ok ;kX{ rktfj sj w/ok wB[ bkr?..
(nzr
610
610)

tkfjr[o{ ih ek kb;k
..
kb;k..
tkfjr[o{ ih eh sfj ..

ehosB
1a
2a

3a
4a
5a
6a

p ?o okr s'A ehosB, ;zrsh ehosB, pd ftZu'A N/e b? e/ i'NhnK

tkbk Gh ehosB jh j? .
r[o{ xo ftu e/tb ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp dh pkDh, GkJh r[odk; ns/
GkJh Bzd bkb ih dh ouBk ns/ d;w rqE
z dh gowkfDs efbnkDekoh pkDh dk jh j'
;edk j? .
r[opkDh ehosB bJh okrh, eEk bJh frnkBh ns/ fJfsjk; ;[DkT[D
bJh Ykvh f;zx, ;G dk nZv nZv ezw j? .
r[opkDh dk gkm ns/ ehosB e/tb r[o{ xo d/ sBykj dko gkmhnK
ns/ okrhnK bJh BjhA pbfe jo fJZe f;Zy bJh j? .
ehosB ns/ gkm dk g{ok bkG fJekro fuZs j' e/ wB B{z r[o{ dh
j {oh ftZu oZy e/ jh fbnk ik ;edk j? .
wB ftZu e'Jh ekwBk oZy e/ ehsk gkm ns/ ehosB Bkb ;z;kfoe
b'VK g{ohnK j' ;edhnK jB go nksfwe T[ZBsh BjhA j' ;edh .
;/tk eos j'fJ fBjekwh
fs;[ eT[ j's gqkgfs ;[nkwh .. (;[ywBh ;kfjp)

!!!

r[owfs ;/XK - 95

okw igj[ ih n?;/ n?;/

;z;ko ftu nB/eK Xow jB ns/ nDfrDs jh fJBQK XowK B{zwzBD tkb/ jB . jo
Xow d/ w[yh B/ nkgD/ nB[nkJhnK B{z;kXBk eoB bJh nkgDk, fJZe k; pd wzsqiK r[owzsq
dk ikg ns/ ikg eoB dh ftXh fBoXkfos ehsh j?.fJ;s'AfJbktkjoXowd/w[yhnKB/nkgD/;/teK
bJh ihtB i[rs d/ nB/eK ;kXB dZ;/jB .
r[opkDh B{zthuko e/ gfVQnK gsk brdk j? fe r[o{;kfjp s'A gfjb/ nkJ/ wjKg[o K
B/nfXnksfwewkordhT[ZBshbJhnZv-nZvw{bf;XKsKB{zgqXkBskfdZshj?.T[dkjoDbJh,
rhsk frnkB wkor j?, wjkswk p[ZX ih B/ eow B{zgqXkBsk fdZsh j?, i?B wZs fsnkr dk wkor
j? ns/ r'oy ih dk jZm wkor wzfBnk frnk j? . Jh;k ih B/ ybes dh ;/tk B{zT[Zsw w fBnk
j? .
r[o{ ;kfjp B/ gq/wk Grsh B{z gqXkBsk fdZsh j? . nkgDh efbnkD,
gotkfoe ;[yh ihtB ns/ ;wki B{z ;[yh tZ;D bJh r[o{ wjkoki B/ p
ehsk L
r[ow[fy Bkw[ dkB[ fJ;BkB[ .. nzr 942
942..
d{;o/ bc K ftZu Bkw ig', tzv Se' ns/ Xow dh feos eo' . go fJBQK
fszBK ftZu'A ;op T[Zu ;EkB Bkw igD B{z fdZsk.
BkBe e? xfo e/tb Bkw[ .. nzr 1136 ..

igj[ s J/e' Bkwk ..

ntfo fBokcb ekwk .. nzr 728 ..
;kiB ;zs eoj[ fJj[ ekw[ ..
nkB fsnkfr igj[ jfo Bkw[ .. nzr 290 ..
r[of;Zy B/ Bkw igDk j? ns/ pkDh thuko e/ gVQBh j? . pkDh Bkw
fdqV eokT[Adh j? tbtbk g?dk eodh j? ns/ Bkw Bkwh Bkb nG/dsk g?dk
eodh j? .
r[opkDh r[od/t wksk dh fgnko Goh r'd j? . pZu/ B{z i' wo h
fdU go i' nBzd wK dh r'd dk j? j'o fes/ BjhA j? . Bkw r[od/t fgsk dh
T[Arb j? . pZuk w/bk d/yD iKdk j?, id se fgsk dh T[Arb cVQh oZydk j?

nBzd Bkb w/bk d/ydk j? . T[Arb S[ZNh BjhA fe w/b/ ftu r[nku iKdk j?
ns/ dZ[y gkT[Adk j? .
nB/eK r[o{ e/ fgnkfonK r[of;ZyK B/ r[opkDh d/ ;w[zdo ftu u[ZG/
wko e/, nkgDh ftZs nB[;ko, ;{M gqkgs eo e/ ns/ nwb ftZu fbnk e/,
nksfwe T[ZBsh dhnK p[bd
z hnK s/ gj[u
z e/ nksfwe y/Vk ns/ nBzd gqkgs
ehsk j?. Bkb jh nkgDh ;fjukoh ;zrs B{z fe;/ B/ [pkBh ns/ fe;/ B/ fbysh
o{g ftu nkgDk siopk gorN ehsk j? sK i' j'o nB/eK ifrnk;{ bkG
gqkgs eo ;eD.
fgSbh ;dh d/ r[o{ gzE d/ nfBzB ;/te, ;zs eth, gdw G{ B,
GkJh ;kfjp vkeNo GkJh tho f;zx ih B/ fBZih siop/ d/ nkXko s/,
nkgDh g[;se wjK ekft okDk ;{os d/ nzs d/ ftZu d' ukoN r[opkDh
gkm ns/ Bkw igD dh ftXh d/ fby/ jB . n;hA fJBQK dk ft;sko ;ob
Gk k ftu ;zrsK B{z g/ eo oj/ jK sK i' nkw ifrnk;{ fJ; B{z ;wM e/ ns/
fJ; s/ uZb e/ r[o [ hnK dh n;h; d/ gkso pDB dk ;[Gkr gqkgs eo
;eD .
nzfsek gfjbh
f; s h ;u ;w/ T [ L
1a
f;s pkDh d`kok j[zdh j?, r[o{ eh pkDh ;Zuh j?, j'o pkDh eZuh j?.
nktj[ f;y ;fsr[o{ e/ fgnkfoj' rktj[ ;uh pkDh ..
pkDh s rktj[ r[o{ e/oh pkDhnk f;fo pkDh .. nzr 920 ..
fBZs pkDh L- T[j pkDh, i' f;Zy B/ jo o' B/w Bkb gVQBh j?
2a
ig[ih, ikg, ;tZ:?, ofjok;, ;'fjbk.
fJBQK pkDhnK d/ gkm eoB dk j[ew, nzfwqs SeD t/b/, gziK
fgnkfonK tZb'A jo fJZe f;Zy B{z j[zdk j? . fJj pkDhnK jo o' fpBK Bkrk
f;Zy B/ gVQBhnK jB . ;q'ar[agqa ew/Nh tb'A gqek s f;Zy ofjs wo:kdk
ftZu fJjh pkDhnK doi jB . eJh ;z;EktK, nzfwqs t/b/ d/ fBZsB/w ftZu
ig[ih ;kfjp, ikg ;kfjp, ;tZ:?, u'gJh ns/ g{ok nBzd ;kfjp gVQB bJh
Gh efjzdhnK jB . eJh r[of;Zy fBZih s"o s/ j'o pkDhnK dk gkm Gh
fBZsB/w Bkb eod/ jB .
;kXB L fuZs fJekro eo e/ r[o{ B{z jk o ikD j o{ h ftZu gVQBh, ftuko e/ gVQBh, c[oB/
o'eD/ ns/ ;ktXkB ofjDk.

r[owfs ;/XK - 96

r[owfs ;/XK - 97

cb L
r[opkDh Bkb fgnko g?Dk, Bkw igD bJh T[s kj g?dk j'Dk .
BfwZs pkDh Li' fe;/ gq:'iB bJh gVQh ikt/ .
J/ekrosk bJh L- ig[ih ;kfjp d/ fJZe iK tXhe gkm eoB/ L
(1)
;kXB L- (T) fizB/ ;oho ;jko/ s/ eo e/ [ h j't/ EekB sZe BjhA ikDk
(n) j {oh ftZu gkm eoBk
(J) c[oB/ o'eD/ s/ ;ktXkB ofjDk
ftt/e bJh L- nk;k dh tko nkfd .
(2)
;kXB L- thuko e/ gVQBh, ehosB ftZu ;[DBh ;t/o ;ko .
fi; pko/ GkJh r[odk; ih B/ fbfynk j? L
r[ow[fy iBw[ ;ekoEk r[opkDh gfVQ ;wfM ;[D/jh .... (tko1
1$3
3)
cb L [G nkuoD s/ gowkoE dk ftt/e j' ikDk .
t?okr bJh L(3)
;kXB L- pkDh BKtk wjZbk nkfd gkm wB brk e/ eoBk . rkT[Dh
rkthAdh ;[DBh .
cb L- t?okr B/ v/o/ iwQk b?D/ .
gq/w bJh L(4)
;kXB L- SZe/ ns/ j'o u'Dt/A gq/w wJh pd gVQB/, rktD/ iK rkthAd/
;[DB/ .
cb L- gq/w gqkgsh .
nksfwe o; bJh L- ;[ywBh ;kfjp dh nzsbh n Ngdh ftZu
(5)
nksw o; dh wfjwk j? .
;kXB L- nBzd, ;[ywBh nkfd pkDh B{z ojk Bkb gVQBk, ;[DBk iK
rkT[Dk.
cb L- o; dh [ p' dk bfjok nkT[D bZr ikDk .
(6)
id wB ;z;koh j't/, sd e N fBftos bJh ns/ (2) [ h bJh Gh
gkm ehsk iKdk j? LwKrT[ okw s/ ;fG E'e ..
wkB[y eT[ ikus ;qw[ gkJhn?
gqG e? f;wofB w'y .. nzr 682 ..
go id Go';k pZM ikt/ ns/ wB Bkw ftZu i[V ikt/ sd Bkw

nfGnk;h fJj wzrd/ jB L

wkrT[ dkB[ mke[o Bkw ..
nto[ eS{ w/o? ;zfr B ukb?
1 .. nzr 713 ..
fwb? feqgk r[D rkw ..1
wz r b ( [ h) ;w/ A
(T)
;kXB L- ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih dk gkm eoBk iK ;[DBk . nZieZbQ dk
toskok, fiZE/ e/tb gkmh gkm eod/ jB ns/ xo tkb/ ;z;koh ezwK ftZu
o[ZM/ ofjzd/ jB, Bk gkm eoBk ns/ Bk jh ;[DBk, r[owfs f;XKs d/
fpbe[b T[bN j? .
cb L- fdb B/ ;z;kfoe [ h j/m dp e/ p/w[y Bk j'Dk .
e N ;w/ A
(n)
;kXB L- ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih dk gkm eoBk iK ;[DBk .
cb L- GkDk wzBD dh skes tXDh, e N xNDk .
gqkDh d/ ubkD/ go
(J)
;kXB L- ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih dk gkm eoBk iK ;[DBk .
cb L- o k s/ ekfJw ofjDk . w, fuzsk, o'r s'A pu e/ p/-w[y Bk j'Dk.
fwqse gqkDh dh ;jkfJsk j'Dh.
;[fjZs pkDh L- ;[ywBh, nBzd[, pktB nZyoh, SZe/ nkfd, e'Jh
7a
pkDh i' id fgnkoh bZr/ gVQBh .
(T) fBZs gkm ;jkfJe L- e'Jh pkDh [ h Bkb gVQBh, id'A
ni/ Bkw dk gouk BjhA fgnk.
(n) Bkw ;jkfJe L- Bkw dk gouk g? fojk j?, go ih ed/
T[Ne iKdk j?, sd e'Jh pkDh gVQBh i' T[; t/b/ fgnkoh bZr/, i' fco Bkw
tZb b? ikt/ .
w'd wJh L- Bkw ftZu y/vdk, nksw o;hnk j?, fJ;/ w"i ftZu
(3)
pkDh th eJh tko gVQdk j?, ed/ fJZe s[e dk jh ;tkd pZM iKdk j? .
pj[s ;ko/ ftnesh ns/ eJh ;z;EktK nfijk gquko eodhnK d/
yhnK rJhnK jB fe r[opkDh e/tZb nksfwe, efbnkD bJh ns/ wkBf;e
d[ZyK (ekw, eq'X, b'G, w'j, jzeko nkfd) dh fBftosh bJh jh T[g:'rh j? .
;z;kfoe dZy[ iK ghVk bJh r[opkDh ekoro BjhA iK gVQBh BjhA ukjhdh nEtk wBw[Zysk j? .
go id r[opkDh dh rfjoh thuko eohJ/ sK gsk brdk j? L

r[owfs;/XK-98

r[owfs;/XK-99

;fsr[o[ f;y ek jbs[ gbs[ ;tko? .. nzr 286

286..
fe ;fsr[o{ nkgD/ f;Zy dk jbs[ (fJj b'e) ns/ gbs[ (gob'e) d'B'A EK
;jkJh j' e/, d'B'A b'e ;tko fdzdk j?.
fco, r[o{ ;kfjp B/ fJj Xow rqfj;EhnK bJh pDkfJnk j? . id fe
gfjbK fJj XkoBk pDh j'Jh ;h e/ e/tb fsnkrh wB[Zy jh nksfwe T[Bsh
eo e/ efbnkD gk ;ed/ jB .
;fsr[o eh n?;h tfvnkJh ..
g[sq ebsq ftu/ rfs gkJh .. (nzr 661
661)
rqfj;Eh pzd/ B{z xo-pko, g?;k, ;wkfie ;BwkB ;G e[M ukjhdk j? . fJ;/
soQK ;ohfoe e NK d/ ns/ wkBf;e ghVk d/ MZyV Gh M[bd/ jB . f;Zy B/
jo ;w/A r[o{ s/ jh N/e oZyDh j? ns/ r[o{ ;kfjp oXk GktBk Bkb ehshnK
f;Zy dhnK p/BshnK gqtkB jh BjhA eod/ ;r'A r[opkDh ftZu p/BshnK eoB
dh iku Gh dZ;d/ jB.
iB eT[ gqG ;zr/ n;B/j[ ..
1 ..ojkT[..
;kiB' s{ whs w/ o k frq f j s/ o ? ;G[ e/ j [ ..1

dwVk gb? Bk gt? Bk e' d/t? Xho ..

;[nkoE[ ;[nkT[ B e' eo/ Bk feS[ j't? eki[ ..
fufs nkt? U;[ gkopqjw[ sk fBjub[ j't? oki[.. (n r 70
70)
r[opkDh d/ gkm eoB s'A gsk ubdk j? fe nkofEe ns/ gowkofEe, ;G
kfBnK dk wkbe gqG{ j?, ikue dh GktBk ns/ gksosk nB[;ko T[j
;G B{z fdzdk j? . r[o{, gow/ o dk ;or[D ;o{g j?, fJ; bJh r[o{ dh ;/tk
ehfsnK, r[o{ nr/ oXk, fgnko ns/ Go';/ Bkb ehsh nodk; okjhA ;G
e[ZM fwbdk j? .
e'Jh g[s[ f;y[ ;/tk eo/ ;fsr[o{ eh
fs;[ ekoi ;fG ;tko/ ..
i' fJS? ;' cb[ gkfJ;h g[s[ XB[ ..
bywh yfV w/b/ jfo fB;sko/ .. (nzr 307
307))
id ;[bjh ykB gzuw fgsk s/ uVQkJh eo e/ nkfJnk, f;ZyK B{z gsk bZrD
s/, fe;/ B/ fejk, ih ! e'Jh gZso fby e/ G/i' fe ;kvh fe;/ Bkb d[ wDh
BjhA, fe;/ B/ fejk fe d' uko pzd/ T[; d/ nZr/ j' e/ nkrwB bJh G/i' sK i'
T[;dk r[Z;k mzYk j't/ ns/ fe;/ B/ fejk fe e'Jh sK T[gokbk eo' sK i'
;fEsh ftrV/ Bk . go r[o{ ;kfjp dk ?;bk fJzi ;h L
gqEw/ wsk fi gsqh ubktT[ ..
d[shJ/ wsk d[fJ wkB[y gj[uktj[ ..
fsqshJ/ wsk feS[ eoT[ T[gkfJnk ..
w? ;G
371)
;G[[ feS[ S'fv gqG[ s[jh fXnkfJnk.. (nzr 371
fco nkgDh oZfynk bJh nodk; ehsh
;[bjh s/ BkokfJD oky[ .. nzr 825 ..
fJ;/ soQK ;ohfoe o'rK bJh, id pkbe jfor'fpzd ih phwko j' rJ/ sK
wjkoki B/ nodk;K ehshnK ns/ mhe j'D s/ [eokB/ d/ pd r[opkDh
ftZu doi jB .
shB/ skg fBtkoDjkok d[y jzsk ;[y okf;..
sk eT[ fpxB[ B e'T{ bkr? ik eh gqG nkr? nodkf; ..
(nze 714
714)
noE L- nkfX, fpnkfX ns/ T[gkfX tkb/ fszB/o'rK dk fBtkoBjkok, d[ZyK d/ Bk eoB tkbk ns/
;Zy
[ K dk kBk gqG{ j?. T[; B{z fe;/ fe;w dk ftxB BjhA fpnkg ;edk i' gqG{ nr/ (;Zu/ fdb'A)

wkB[ wKrT[ skB[ wKrT[ XB bywh ;[s d/j ..1

1 .. (nzr 1308
1308)
noE L- ;/te dk nkgD/ gqG{ Bkb fgnko j? . (j/ gow/ o ih) s{z w/ok ;ZiD
j?A, ns/ fwZso j?A, fco s/o/ xo ftZu fejVh uh j? i' BjhA fwbdh < Gkt
;G e[ZM j? . (fJ; bJh) w?A (;wkfie) wkB, skB, wzrdk jK, g?;k, fJ;soh
ns/ g[Zso Gh (s[;hA) d/t' ih .
pkfoe tKrh jT[ ;G feS[ wzrk ..
d/d/ s'fN BkjhA gqG ozrk .. nzr 99
99..
noE L- gqG{ fgsk dk g[Zso j'D d/ Bks/ w?A pZfunK tKr ;G eZ[M wzrdk
jK ns/ ozrhb/ gow/ o d/ y kB/ ftZu d/AfdnK e'Jh s'N BjhA nkT[Adh . nZr/
r[o{ ;kfjp dZ;d/ jB L
ik eT[ w[;eb[ nfs pD? Y'Jh e'fJ B d/fJ ..
bkr{ j'J/ d[;wBk ;ke fG Gfi yb/ ..
;G' Gi? nk;ok u[e? ;G[ n;okT[ ..
1 .. ojkT[ ..
fuf s nkt? U;[ gkopqjw
T[ ..1
w[[ br? B ssh tk
tkT[
aaaaaa
aaaaaa
aaaaaa
aaaaaa
i/ e' j't? d[pbk Bzr G[y eh gho ..

r[owfs ;/XK - 100

nodk; eodk j? .
fgSbhnK fJfsjkf;e xNBktK B{z i/ SZv Gh d/JhJ/ sK nZi ;G
e[ZM r[opkDh nB[;ko ftnkg fojk j? . eZ[M e[ T[dkjoDK j/m fdZshnK
iKdhnK jB .
(1)
;odko jofdnkb f;zx ih, foNkfJov nkJhaJ/a n?;a n;o, gfNnkb/
fvgNh efw Bo bZr/ j'J/ ;B . T[BQK dk fdb tX frnk jo gqeko
dk fJbki eokfJnk go e'Jh nokw Bk nkfJnk . ozr ekbk g?
frnk, ykDk ghDk pzd j' frnk. soZeh j'D s/ f;js ;eZso pD
rJ/ . ghaihankJha d/ ;ko/ vkeNo 'o brk e/ EZe rJ/ . A.I.M.S.
fdZbh s'A Gh e'Jh nokw Bk nkfJnk . fJZe fdB e'mh d/ bknB
ftZu p?fmnK xo tkbh B/ ;[ywBh ;kfjp dk gkm ehsk wB B{z eZ[M
Ksh fwbh .
wB B/ pkDh dk n;o ep{fbnk ns/ Bkw dh wfjwk dk gsk bZrk.
fdqV fJokd/ Bkb Bkw igD s/ ns/ pkDh gVQB Bkb p ?o fe;/
dtkJh s'A fpbe[b szdo[;s j' rJ/ . ohNkfJow?AN fgZS'A nieZbQ
;op o'r ek nT[yX Bkw dk fw B ubk oj/ jB. d/ ftd/ K
ftZu e?Ag brk e/ pdK d/ gkm eok e/ ns/ ftXh nB[;ko Bkw
igD Bkb nB/eK n;kX o'rh mhe j' oj/ jB .
(2)
1965 ftZu pkpk eQkbk f;zx fBjzr, nzpkb/ dh i/bQ ftZu T[wo
e?dh ;h . fojkn j'D s'A gfjbK nXozr j' frnk . wk:{;h dh
jkbs ftu nodk; ehsh, d;w/ fgsk B/ gqsZy jk o j' e/ fejk
xpokn Bk, ;qh nzfwqs;o d/ ;o'to ftZu fJ BkB eo ns/ nodk;
eo ;G mhe j't/rk j[ew wzB fojkJh fgS'A fe;/ soQK ;qh nzfwqs;o
ik e/ fJ BkB ehsk, fJZe' N[ZGh bkJh ;oho B"-po-B" j' frnk .
(3)
;a XzBk f;zx ih gfNnkb/, o?tfBT[ efw Bo bZr/ j'J/ ;B . T[BQK
dh gsBh B{z n;kX o'r ;h . ;G fJbki eotkJ/ e'Jh oe Bk
fgnk . n ho ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih dk ;zg{oB nyzv gkm ;[fDnk
ns/ fpbe[b mhe j' rJh . ;odko ;kfjp B/ fco r[opkDh dk v{zxk
nfXn?Behskns/1966 Jha ftZu r[opkDh Z[ X T[ukoBpko/feskpfbyhi'feGrs
g{oBf;zxih fgzrbtkV/ d/ ;NkbK s'A G/Nk ofjs fwbdh j?. T[BKQ dh jZv phsh tkosk
fJ; feskp d/ o[ { ftu T[BKQ nkg dZ;h j?.

r[owfs ;/XK - 101

(4)

sk k xNBk r[ioks d/ ;kfJz;dkB ;qh tk;{ Gkodtki dh j? i' fe jZvhnK d/ e?A;o s'A
ghVs ;h, ;G fJbki eotkJ/ go nokw Bk nkfJnk . 2003 ftu ;qh nzfwqs;o fty/
;zgo{ B nyzv gkm ;[DB Bkb fpbe[b mhe j' frnk . nZieZbQy[d Nhatha s/ nk e/
nkgDh jZv phsh dZ; fojk j? . fco Gh i/ e'Jh :ehB Bk eo/ fco T[; dk oZp jh okyk
j? .
tkfjr[ o { ih ek kb;k ..
tkfjr[ o { ih eh s fj ..
!!!

r[owfs ;/XK - 103

eos{fs g;{ eh wkB; ikfs

i/ nk; gk; d/ e[dosh tosko/ B{zd/fynk ikt/ sK ;fji/ jh gsk bZr iKdk j? fe g {
ns/ wB[Zy dh ihtB fefonk ftZu pj[s ;wkBsk j?. wB[Zy tKr jh g { yKd/ ghAd/jB ns/ ;"Ad/
jB, pZu/ gkbd/ jB ns/ fJ;soh tKr wdhB g { nkgD/ pZu/ Bkb w'j gkbdh j? . fpZbh
pkjo'A f eko eoe/ nkg BjhA yKdh pbfe f eko B{zw{ j ftZu cVe/ pZfunK bJh fbnkT[Adh j?.
wB[Zy ns/ g { dk i/ o e j? sK e/tb fJj j? fe g { ihtB Go nkgD/ bJh iK
gotko bJh jh fiT{Adk j? . pZfunK dh gkbDk Gh k; T[wo sZe ;hfws j? T[; s'A nZr/ pZu/
nkgDh wo h nB[;ko f d
z rh fpskT[Ad/jB . fJ; fgZSA' Bk wkfgnK B{zpZfunK Bkb e'Jh brkU
j? ns/ Bk jh pZfunK B{znkgD/ wkfgnK dk e'Jh w'j j? .
o/ fjoB dh vko d/ fgZS/g?Adk j? sK ;G nkgDh ikB pukT[D dk T[gokbk eod/ jB
. nZi sZe fjoBK B/ ed/ BjhA ;'funk fe fJeZm/j' e/ o/ dk w[ekpbk eoB Bkb ;koh vko pu
ikt/rh. e'JhfrZXNoZedhc/NBkbwoikt/iKe'JhizrbhikBtowkoikt/sKd/fynkfrnk
j? fe pkeh frZXK woh j'Jh frZX dk wk; nkg jh ykD bZr iKdhnK jB .
nZi sZe fe;/ g { B/ nkgDh iksh d/ Gb/ bJh izrbh Bkbk gko eoB bJh e'Jh g[b
pDkT[D pko/ BjhA ;'funk, nkgD/ phwko ;kEh bJh e'Jh dtkJh BjhA pDkJh . fi; soQK wBZy[ B/
gsh gsBh d/ ;wkfie pzXB ngDk e/ ihtB r[ koB dk fB:w pDkfJnk j? g { fJ; s'A p/ po
jB .
nZi d/ wB[Zyh ;wki tZb i/ Mks wkohJ/ sK gsk uZb iKdk j? fe
nfXeso wB[ZyK dh ;'u Gh nkgD/ fBZi sZe ns/ gotko sZe jh f;wN e/
ofj rJh j? . nkgD/ pZu/ Bk j'D s/, fe;/ sKfsqe d/ Yj/ uVQ e/ gokJ/ pZu/
dh pbh fdZsh iKdh j? . d[ekBdko xZN s'bdk j? M{m p'bdk j? ns/ uh K
ftZu fwbktN eo e/ j'oK d/ ihtB Bkb fybtkV eodk j? . fiwhAdko
gokJh tZN Ykj e/ nkgD/ y/s ftZu obk b?Adk j? ns/ gokJ/ p'jb dh u'oh
eodk j? . ;G e[M, e/tb nkgD/ ns/ gotko d/ Gb/ bJh ehsk iKdk j? .
e/tb nBgVQ ns/ BhthA gZXo d/ wBZ[y jh BjhA pbfe gfVQnk
fbfynk, e[bhB tor dk vkeNo g { ;'u nB[;ko woh K d/ n rK dh s;eoh eodk j? ns/
Go{D jZfsnk eodk j?, fJzihBhno bs N?Avo gk; eodk j? ns/ j'o bs sohfenK Bkb
wB[Zysk dk xkD eodk j? . g[fb; n;o, M{m/w[ekpb/ fdyk e/ ns/ j'o sohfenK Bkb, todh

dkrh eodk j?, iZi fo ts b? e/ ;Zu/ B{z cK;h bkT[Adk j? ns/ eksb B{z poh eodk j?. ;G dk
wB'oE fJZe jh j? fe g?;k ewk e/ w?A ;[yh j'tK ns/ w/ok gotko ;[yh t;/ .
nkw pzd/Bkb i/ fwb e/ jkb ukb g[ZShJ/ sK d[fBnkth gZyA' ;b wB[Zy fJjh ej/rk
gowkswk dk e
[ o j? e'mh pD rJh, fJzB/ feZb/ whB pDk bJh, n?E/ n?E/ gbkN ohd bJ/ .
bVek nZSh B"eoh s/ bZrk j'fJnk j?, nZSk ewkT[d
A k j?, bVeh nZS/xo ftZu ftnkj fdZsh ;ko/
o g{o/ j' rJ/ . d{;o/ b K ftZu w?A w"i eo fojk jK ns/ w/ok gotko ;[yh j? .
nksfweT[ZBshiKefbnkDbJhGhi'rhnKf;ZXKns/;fBnk;hnKdkxopkoSZv
e/gjkVhnKdhnKezdoKns/r[cktKftZu;wkXhbkT[DfgZS/wB'oE nkgDhfBZihnksfwesoZeh
dh bkb;k jh ;h . fJ;/ bJh r[o{ BkBe ;Zu/ gks kj B/ fJ; B{z gotkB BjhA ehsk . ;[wo/
gops T[Zs/id f;ZXK B/ r[o{;kfjp B{zg[ZfSnk fe d/ dk eh jkb j? sK r[o{;kfjp B/ ftn rwJh
bfj / ftZu T[Zso fdZsk ;h,
f;X Sfg p?m/ gopsh eT[D[ irfs e
T[ gk
eT[
gkffo T[skok.
28
(Gka r[a tko 1 $28
28)
r[o{ BkBe ;Zu/ gks kj B/ id eoskog[o (gkfe;skB) ftZu
;z;koh ihtB fpskT[Dk [o{ ehsk sK i'rh GzroBkE B/ r[o{ ;kfjp s/ u'N
ehsh ;h L
g[S/ i'rh GzroBkE[, s[fj d[X ft
ftffu feT[ eKih gkJh
fcfNnk ukNk d[X dk foVfenk wyD
wyD[[ jfE B nkJh.
G/y T[skfo T[dkf; dk
dk,, tfs feT[ ;z;koh ohfs ubkJh
ubkJhAA <
40
(Gka r[a tko 1 $40
40)
Gkt j/ BkBe s{z gfjbK xo pko SZv e/ T[dk;h pD frnk ;h go j[D
s{z ;z;koh ihtB XkoB eo fbnk j? . fJ; soQK d[ZX ftZu eKih gk fdZsh .
frnkB o{gh d[ZX cN frnk j[D foVeD Bkb eZ[M BjhA fwb/rk . Gkt s/ok
efbnkD BjhA j't/rk .
r[o{pkpk ih B/ T[Zso fdZsk L
BkBe nky/, GzrfoBkE ! s/oh wkT[ e[uih nkjh .
GKvk X'fJ B ikfsUfB GkfJ e[ui/ c[b[ ;VkJh.
j' f J nshs
nshs[[ frq j ;fs sfi fcfo T[ Bj[ e/ xfo w r
rffD ikJh.
fpB[ fds/ eS[ jfE B nkJh ..40..
40
(Gka r[a tka 1 $40
40)
j/ GzroBkE s/oh wK (r'oyBkE) e[uZih ;h fi; B/ s?B{z ;jh neb

r[owfs ;/XK - 104

BjhA fdZsh, T[; B/ fJj Gh BjhA d/fynk frnkB d/D bJh wB o{gh GKvk ;k j? iK BjhA fJ;
bJh Bk ;wMh Bkb y/v ftrV rJh . ;' xo pko SZv e/ p?okrh pD rJ/ go fco id G[Zy bZrh
sK frq;shnK d/ w rD s[o gJ/ . gow/ o dksk j?, Grs Gh dksk j'Dk ukjhd/ . dksk fposh
SZv e/ w rD tkbh fposh Bkb e'Jh nksfwe soZeh BjhA j'tr
/ h.
b'e nykD, iB ;XkoB dh wkBf;esk dh ;jh s;tho g/ eo ojhnK j[d
z hnK jB
ns/ d/ dh b'e nykD ;h L
G'iB GiB XB no Bkoh .
uko'A god/ e/ nfXekoh .
i/ "o Bkb fJ; d/ noE d/y/ ikD sK ;wM gJ/rh fe fJj Gh fBi
Bkb ;zpzfXs ;h ns/ fJ; soQK ;wki fBZih fJekJhnK ftZu tzfvnk j'fJnk
;h . go r[o{ BkBe ;Zu/ gks kj B/ iB;w{j ns/ frq;shnK bJh Xow
pDkfJnk ;h fJ; bJh b'e nykD dhnK uko/ rZbK Beko e/ BthA ;/X
fdZsh .
G' i B L fiZE/ gfjbK god/ ftZu b[e e/ ykD dh fgos ;h r[o{
;kfjp B/ ;zrsh o{g ftZu g rs ftu p?m e/ ykD dh ohs ubkJh . e'Jh ;wK
;h r[od[nkfonK ftu bzro pDB fgZS'A nodk; eo e/ Brkok yVekfJnk
iKdk ;h ns/ T[Zuh nktk ftZu fejk iKdk ;h bzro fsnko j? ;G wkJh
GkJh SZeD bJh nkT[ . eJh fBjzr f;zx iE/pzdhnK ftZu nZi Gh fJj
ohs d/yh ik ;edh j? . d/ h ik ftd/ h jwbktoK ns/ ;?bkBhnK B/ kb;/
dh fJ; g qgok dh oZi e/ gq;z;k ehsh j? .
GiB L
j'fJ fJesq fwbj[ w/o/ GkJh d[fpXk d{fo eoj[ fbt bkfJ ..
jfo Bkw? e/ j'tj[ i'Vh r[ow[fy p?;j[ ;ck ftSkfJ ..
(n r 1185 )
XB L
yktfj youfj ofb fwfb GkJh ..
s'fN B nkt? tXd' ikJh .. (n r 186
186))

dwVk T[;h ek i' you/ no ykfJ .

j'sk Bk oky? fJe/bk Bk ykfJ .
sfjehe fdb dkBh tjh fp;s ikfJ .

r[owfs ;/XK - 105

(B;hjsBkwk,iBw;kyh)
Bkoh L
fiE/ r[o{ BkBe d/t wjkoki B/ Bkoh d/ jZe ftZu fejk ;' feT[
w dk nkyhn? fis[ izwfj okikB T[E/ ;qh r[o{ nwodk; wjkoki B/ j[ew
fdZsk fe e'Jh Gh fJ;soh r[o dopko ftZu x[ v eZY e/ BjhA nkt/rh . d;w/
fgsk B/ y vk gj[b p e/ fJ;soh B{z g[o d/ ;wkB eo fdZsk .
fJ; soQK fJZe Bt/A ;wki dh f;oiDk j'Jh fi; B/ d/ dh ;z;feqsh
ns/ fJfsjk; ftZu fJBebkp b? nKdk .
Bk fe;/ g { dk e'Jh Xow j[zdk j? Bk jh g { gow/ o B{z :kd eod/
jB . ;[Zs/ T[ZmD fgZS'A ;G g { g/N GoB d/ nkjo ftZu bZr iKd/ jB . ;'
id e'Jh wBwZ[y pzdk ;"A e/ T[ZmD;ko ukj dh fgnkbh Bkb iK g/N GoB
fgZS'A nkjko bJh g?;k ewkT[D tZb s[o g?Adk j? sK r[o{ ;kfjp efj fdzd/
jB L
eos{fs g;{ eh wkB; ikfs .. (n r 267
267)

fBr[o/ ek j? BkT[ p[ok .. (n r 435

435)
r[o w sq jhD;q i' gqkDh fXqrzs iBw Gq;NDj ..
e{eoj ;{eoj roXGj ekej ;ogBj s[fb ybj ..
noE L- fi; wB[Zy B/ e'Jh r[o{ XkoB BjhA ehsk, r[odhfynk BjhA bJh ns/
r[o{ XkoB eo e/ r[ow sq BjhA fbnk T[j w{oy gqkDh e[Zs/, ;{o, ekT[A, rX/
ns/ ;Zg ;wkB j? .
r[o{ ;kfjp B/ wB[Zy ftZu'A g { fposh sw eoB bJh fszB r[o dZ;/
;B L
(1)
Bkw igDk
(2)
Xow dh feos eoBk
(3)
tzvSeDk
Bkw igD Bkb pzd/ dh ;[os fBi s'A T[Zgo T[Zm e/ ;op ftnkgh
gow/ o Bkb i[V iKdh j? ns/ ;wM g? iKdh j? fe L
J/e[ fgsk J/e; e/ jw pkfoe (n r 622
622)
n;hA ;ko/ fJZe fgsk gow/ o dh n"bkd jK ns/ pzdk nkgD/
gotko B{z BjhA pbfe ;ko/ ;z;ko B{z nkgDk gotko ;wMdk j? ns/ nkgD/
iK nkgD/ gotko bJh BjhA, ;r'A nkydk j?

r[owfs ;/XK - 106

r[owfs ;/XK - 107

irs[ ibzdk ofy b? nkgDh feogk Xkfo ..

fis[ d[nko? T[po? fss? b?j[ T[pkfo.. (n r 953
953)
fJ;/ bJh r[o{ dk f;Zy jw/ K nodk; ftZu w rdk j? L
BkBe Bkw uVQdh ebk,
s/o/ GkD/ ;opZs dk Gbk ..
Xow dh feos dk Gkt j? fe pzdk JhwkBdkoh Bkb d;K B"jK dh
feos eo/ . i/ fiwhAdko j? sK gokJh tZN Bk Ykt/, gokJ/ p'jb tZb Bk
Mke/ . i/ d[ekB s/ p?mk j? sK xZN Bk s'b/, M{m Bk p'b/, uh K dh fwbktN
(jbdh ftZu rX/ dh fbZd ns/ ekbhnK fwouK ftZu gghs/ d/ phi Bk gkt/ .
i/ e'Jh B"eoh eodk j? sK g{oh sBd/jh Bkb nkgDh fvT{Nh eo/
ns/ wkbe tZb'A fwfbnk ezw g{ok eo/ . i/ fe;/ B{z gow/ o B/ e[o;h p h j?
sK g{ok fJB;kc eo/ ns/ ohp wko BK eo/ . tZYh b? e/ fe;/ dk jZe Bk
wko/, nkgDh soZeh d/ bkbu ftZu BkikfJ fe;/ d/ uZv/ Bk gkV/ ns/ M{m/
w[ekpb/ ftZu pzd/ Bk wko/, g?;/ bJh gokJ/ n rK dh s;eoh Bk eo/ , Go{D
jZfsnk Bk eo/ . fJ; dh ;wM r[opkDh gVQ e/ nkt/rh .
je gokfJnk BkBek T[;[ ;{no T[; rkfJ ..
r[o[ gho[ jkwk sk Go/ ik w[odko[ B ykfJ .. (n r 141
141)
;XkoB s"o s/ tzv SeD dk noE e/tb bzro ftZu tzv SeD s'A
fbnk iKdk j? go jehes e[ZM j'o j?. . r[o{ ;kfjp dk tzv SeD dk n;bh
Gkt fJj ;h fe i/ e'Jh pZ[XhwkB j? ns/ gfVQnk fbfynk j? sK pZ[Xh Bkb
nkgD/ nk; gV"; ftZu ftZfdnk d/t/, fbysK okjhA ;/tk eo/l fi; soQK
pkpk dhg f;zx jhd, GkJh wBh f;zx ih B/ ehsk . fgSb/ ;w/A T[dk;h ;zs
v/fonK ftZu r[od[nkfonK ftZu r[ow[yh, r[opkDh gVQkT[D dh ;/tk eod/
oj/ . fgSbh ;dh ftZu GkJh tho f;zx, g'qa ;kfjp f;zx ih, GkJh ekBQ f;zx
BkGk ns/ vkeNo rzvk f;zx ih B/ pj[s ;/tk ehsh . i/ e'Jh vkeNo j? sK vkeNo y[ d/tk f;zx
(gfNnkb/Nhaphaj;gskbd/fBowksk)ns/vkeNoirdh f;zxtKro'rhnKdh;/tkeo/fJfs
nkfd .
XBtkB nkgDh ewkJh ftZu'A Xow noE wkfJnk eZY/ . r[o{ ;kfjp
dk ;G bJh j[ew j? fe d;tzX eZY' fi; Bkb g E dh ;/tk, d/ dh ;/tk
ns/ ;wki GbkJh bJh G[Zy/ B{z o'Nh fwb/, b'Vtzd B{z dtkJh ns/ egVk fwb/
. r[o{ ;kfjp dk [owkB j? fe ohp dk w{ j r[o{ dh r'be j? .

fi; Bz{gowkswk B/ ;[vb

" ;oho ns/ ;ohfoe skes p h j?, T[j ;/tk eo e/ ;oho
;b eo/. MkV{ d/Dk, bzro d/ GKv/ wKiD/ ns/ bzro toskT[D s'A b? e/ ;oho r[o{ b/y/ bk d/
D sZe ;/tk jh ;/tk j? . fJ; ;/tk B/ kb;k g E dk ;[Bfjoh fJfsjk; f;ofink j? ns/ d[BhnK
ftZu g E dk BkT[A o' B j'fJnk j? . GkJh eBQJhnk ih fgS'A ;/tk g EhnK ns/ j[D Grs g{oB
f;zx fg rbtkVk B/ d[BhnK ftZu g E dk Bkw o' B ehsk j? .
fe;/ ohp Bkb XZek j' fojk j't/ sK [bw nZr/ vZNDk kb;/ B{z
pkp/ BkBe f;ykfJnk j? . pkpo dh ehsh n?wBkpkd dh b[ZN ns/ esb/nkw
ftZu y[d pkp/ BkBe B/ [bw B{z BZE gkJh ns/ ;ko/ pzdh S[vtkJ/ . S/thA
gks kj 52 okfinK B{z fojk eok e/ jh pkjo nkJ/ . fJ;/ n;{b s/ ekfJw
ofjzfdnK r[o{ s/ pjkdo ;kfjp ih B/ jhdh fdZsh ns/ d;w/ fgsk B/
;opz; tko e/ fJZe n?;h fuzrkoh g?dk ehsh i' jw/ K ;[bxdh oj/rh .
nmkothA ;dh dk kb;k g E dk fJfsjk; fJ;/ rZb dh soiwkBh
eodk j? . d/ dh nk kdh bJh wo fwND tkb/ r[o{ e/ f;ZyK dh e[opkBh
fJZe fw;kb j? . T[Vh;k ftu G[ukb nkfJnk r[o{ e/ f;ZyK B/ bzro bkJ/ .
r[ioks ftZu G[ukb nkfJnk sK o;d gkDh ns/ eZgV/ tzv/, r[o{ e/ f;ZyK
B/ bzro bkJ/ . fJ; d/ T[bN gfjbK 1988 fco 1993 ftZu g ikp ftZu jVQ
nkJ/ d/ dhnK pkeh ;N/NK B/ fJZe X/b/ dh Gh wdd g ikp dh BjhA ehsh .
f;ZyK dk ns/ nkw g ikphnK dk fJj yk;k fe; soQK pfDnk <
r[opkDh d/ fJ; ;zd/ Bkb .
ftfu d[Bhnk ;/t ewkJhn? ..
sk dorj p?;D[ gkJhn? .. (n r 26
26)

xkfb ykfJ feS[ jEj[ d/fJ ..

BkBe okj[ gSkDfj ;/fJ .. (n r 1245
1245)
ftD ;/tk fXqr[ jE g?o j'o fBjcb eoDh.
(Gka r[a tko 27
27$ 10
10)
r[o{ e/ f;Zy fJ;/ j[ew B{z w B e/ [ h [ h bzro ftZu ;/tk eod/ jB . dopko
;kfjp ;qh n fwqs;o ns/ j'o r[o n;EkBK s/ j koK dh frDsh ftZu ;zrs
ns/ d/ ftd/ d/ :kso{ nkT[Ad/ jB, go ;oho ;bk eoB bJh f;Zy
ssgo ofjzd/ jB . fJ;/ bJh r[od[nkfonK d/ o uwed/ jB . fJ; d/
ftgohs w doK dh jkbs dk ;G B{z gsk j?.

r[owfs ;/XK - 108

r[owfs ;/XK - 109

fJ;/ bJh gq;

?' o g{oB f;zx B/ fejk ;hL
g ikp Bk fjzd{ dk Bk w[;bwkB dk .
g ikp fiT[Adk r[o{ d/ BkT[A s/ .
;op gZyh frnkB p D tkbh, ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp dh pkDh pko
pko f;Zy B{z ;wMk ojh j? fe fi; gotko d/ w'j ftZu c; e/ s{z bs ezw
eo fojk j?A fJBQK ftu'A e'Jh s/ok ;jkJh BjhA j't/rk .
J/ wB fgnkfonk sz{ ;dk ;u[ ;wkb/ ..
J/j[ e[Nzp[ s{z fi d/ydk ub? Bkjh s/o? Bkb/ ..
;kfE s/o? ub? Bkjh fs;[ Bkfb feT[ fus[ bkJhn?..
n?;k ezw[ w{b/ B ehu? fis[ n fs gS'skJhn? ..
;fsr[o{ ek T[gd/;[ ;[fD s{ j't? s/o? Bkb/ ..
ej? BkBe[ wB fgnko/ s{ ;dk ;u[ ;wkb/ ..
(nBzd[ ;kfjp gT[Vh 11
11)
Bkb jh pkDh ;wMk ojh j? fe n s B{z, fiBQK tk;s/ s{z eo fojk j?A T[BQK e'b'A
BjhA pbfe fj;kp s/o/ e'b'A fbnk ikt/rk L
pj[ gog u efo go XB[ fbnkt? ..
;[s dkok gfj nkfB b[Nkt? ..1 ..

n?;/ kBdko b
;/ dk wkbe kb;k g E, nZi r[opkDh B{z fgZm d/ e/ n"MVhA g?
frnk ikgdk j? . f;nk;h ftzr fBZih w[ckd, e[o;h bJh ns/ g[Zso w'j ftZu c; e/ g E Bkb
Zdkoh eo fojk j?. Xkofwe nkr{ fBZih v/o/dh uVQs bJh rk fojk j? iBw ;b i/ eoB? ;zsK
d/ g?o cV b? , ohp dk w{ j r[o{ dh r'be B{z G[Zb e/ r[od[nkfonK B{z gZEoK ns/ ;'B/Bkb
fr
z koB ftZu c; frnk ikgdk j? . soK dk fsnkr eo e/ fe;/ dh gZs pukT[D dh EK nZi
nkgDh gZr pukT[Dh n"yh j' ojh j? . fjoh tor, e'mh, eko ns/ p?Ae p?bA;
? d/ uZeo ftu j?.
g/Av{tor jZEhA feos eoBh SZv e/ GJhnK s/ fBoGo j' frnk ns/ Bf nK B/ yk fbnk j?.
fgnko/ gkme ih p{d
z p{d
z Bkb ;kro pDdk j? . fJ; bJh gfjbK nkgD/ nkg s'A o[ {
eohJ/ fco nKY-r[nKY rbh, w[jZb,/ fjo, r[o T[gd/ dk j'ek d/JhJ/ . fJ; soQK fJZe gk;/
r[o{ dk p f nK b'e gqbe
' dhnK [ hnK dk kBk j? d{;o/ gk;/
eos{fs g;{ eh wkB; ikfs .. (n r 267)
tkbh r[o{ dh fcNeko . u'D s/o/ jZE j? . ;ktXkB j' ns/ ;jh u'D eo e/
iBw ; b k eo b? .

wB w/o/ G{b/ egN[ B ehi? ..

n fs fBp/ok s/o/ ihn gfj bhi?.. ojkT[ ..
(n r 656
656)
noE L nB/eK :sBK Bkb (j/ok c/ohnK eoe/) pzdk gokfJnk XB fbnkT[Adk
j? ns/ g[ZsoK iK fJ;soh dhnK ikfJ BikfJ w rK bJh you eodk j?.
j/ w/o/G[fbnk wBQk (:kd oZy) n s B{z(dorkj) ftZu s/o/uzr/w d/ ehs/ eowK dk fj;kp s?Bz {jh
d/Dk g?Dk j? .
fJzB/ ;g N j[ewK d/ pkti{d i/ e'Jh nkgD/ nkg B{z r[o{ dk f;Zy ejk e/ bs ezw
eodk j? sK T[j e/tb nkgDk nrzs jh okp BjhA eo fojk pbfe r[o{ d/ Bkw B{z Gh dk bk
fojk j[d
z k j?. sK fe jo fJZe f;Zy B{z r[o{ d/ fJj T[gd/ u/s/ ofjD, ;kv/ p o[ rK B/ fJ; B{z
nodk; dk n r pDk e/ fdB ftZu xZN'xZN d' tko d[jokT[D dk ftXkB pDkfJnk j? .
fiBQK Bkw ifgnk tzv Sfenk d/ ubkJh s/ tkjh Xow j/s ;h;
fdZs/ f;Zyh f;de e/;K ;[nk;K ;zr fBGkfJnk fsBQK dh ewkJh dk fXnkB Xo e/ p'b'
ih ! tkfjr[o{ tkfjr[o{ tkfjr[o{ .

!!!

r[owfs ;/XK - 111

eT{nk e{eo ykjh

;BksB Xow nB[;ko fg v dkB (i"nK d/ nkN/ dk fg Bk dkB eoBk) ns/ wo/ j'J/
fgZsoK BfwZs pqkjwDK B{zG'iB eokT[Dk Gkt ;qkX eoBk pj[s gftZso eow wfBnk frnk j? .
k;soK nB[;ko ;qkXK d/ fdBK ftZu fgZso g[oh kbh j' iKdh j?, ;ko/ fgZsq ;qkX dk
nzB ykD bJh wks b'e ftu GZi e/ nk iKd/ jB, i/ T[BKQ B{zBk ybkfJnk ikt/ sK ;okg d/ e/ ub/
iKd/ jB. ;qkX eokT[D fijk e'Jh g[B
z BjhA. ;[wo/ gops fiB/, Gkoh gkg ehs/ j'J,/ ;qkX eoB eo
e/ s[os
z Bk j' iKd/ jB . ;qkX eo e/ jh nkdwh ;tor B{z gqkgs j[d
z k j?. (nfsq ;fjzsk)
ro[V g[okD ftZu, fi; dh eEk gqkDh dh nzfsw fefonk t/b/g fvs ih, fwose d/
gotko d/ ihnK ns/ ;BpzXhnK B{z;[DkT[Ad/jB, fJ; soQK fbfynk j? .
fwqs iht nkgD/ gkgK eo e/ Boe ftu iKdk j?, go T[E/T[; B{znzB gkDh, egVk,
i[Zshs/SZsohnkfddk;wkBfgZS/oj/e[Npz hnKdkfdZskpqkjwDKokjhAg[Zidkj?.Bke/tbBoe
ftZu ;r'A ;[or ftZu th ;[Zy d/ ;ko/ ;kXB, fgZS/oj/ ;zpX
z hnK d/, pqkjwDK B{zd/D Bkb jh g[Zid/ jB
. fit/A, uzrk fp;sok, gbzx s/ ftSk e/ T[Zgo pqkjwD d/tsk B{zfpmk e/ M{N/fdZs/iKd/ jB sK fe
fwos iht B{zGh ;[or ftZu fp;sfonK tkbk gbzx fwb/ ns/ Xosh s/ jZv Bk orVB/ g?D .
ro[Vg[okDftZujhnZr/ike/fbfynkj?,fewoBT[gozsihtB{zfJet?soBhBKdh
Boeh Bdh gko eoBh j[d
z h j? . fJj bj{ ns/ okX dh Goh j'Jh fGnkBe Bdh j? ns/ fJ; B{zgko
eoB bJh rT{ dh g{S cVBh g?Adh j?, go rT{ T[; B{zgko eodh j? fi; B/ fiT{AfdnK rT{ dkB
ehsh j't/ ;' rT{ dkB eoBh o{oh j? .
fJ; ro[V g[okD dh feogk ;dek, fgZsoK B{z eh fwbdk j? fJj gow/ o
jh ikD ;edk j?, go g{i: pqkjwD (Gkt/A fezBk jh d[ N j't/) fgZsoK d/ BkT[A s/
fwb/ wkb Bkb fiT{Ad/ ih ;tor G'r b?Adk j? .
r[o{ BkBe ;Zu/ gks kj dk b
;k ns/ f;XKs fJBQK rZbK B{z g{oB s"o s/ Bekodk
j? . fJfsjk; tkfunK gsk brdk j? fe id r[o{pkpk ih bkj"o fjo rJ/, T[E/d[Bh uzd Bkwh
;/m B/ pj[s tZvk pqjw G'i ehsk j'fJnk ;h . d[Bh uzd B/ r[o{wjkoki B{zpqjw G'i ftZu ;Zd fbnk
. r[o{wjkoki B/ gZf[ Snk d[Bh uzd fJj pqjw G'i fe; bJh eo fojk j?A< T[so ftu T[; B/ fejk
fe w?A nkgD/ fgZsoK dk ;qkX eo fojk jK sK i' T[BKQ B{zfsqgsh fwb ikt/ .
iBw-;kyh nB[;ko, r[o{ ;kfjp B/ fejk, d[Bh uzd ! fJ; ;qkX fgS'A Gh s/ok fgsk

pfxnkV dh i{B ftZu fszB fdB dk G[Zyk p?mk j?, s{znkg ik e/ d/y ;edk j?A .
r[o{wjkoki dh dZ;h fd k nB[;ko id d[Bh uzd okth gko izrb ftZu frnk sK T[E/
, pfxnkV p?mk fdfynk . r[o{ ;kfjp B/ nkgDh nksfwe ebk Bkb id d[Bh uzd dhnK
pfxnkV Bkb rZbK eotk fdZshnK sK d[Bh uzd B{z:ehB nk frnk ns/ tkg; nk e/ T[j r[o{
uoBK s/ Yfj fgnk.
pj[s ;ko/ ftdtkBK dk ft tk; j? fe tko nk;k ftZu ;qh r[o{BkBe d/t wjkoki dk
T[ukoB ehsk j/mbk ;b'e fJ; xNBk tko/ jh j? i' fe G'bh Gkbh iBsk dh, us[okJh Bkb,
pqkjwD dh ehsh fJ; b[ZN dk w ke T[vkT[Adh j? .
i/ w'jkek xo[ w[j? xo[ w[fj fgsoh d/fJ ..
nr? t;s[ f;RkDhn? fgsoh u'o[ eo/fJ ..
tYhnfj jE dbkb e/ w[;ch J/j eo/fJ ..
..
BkBe nr? ;' fwb? fi yN/ xkb/ d/fJ.. nzr 472
472..
noE L- i/ e'Jh w'jkek (u'o) fe;/ d/ xo B{z ;zBQ bk e/ wkb u'oh
eo bt/, fco T[; g?;/ Bkb pqkjwD okjhA G'iB ns/ j'o ;wkB nkgD/
fgZsoK B{z gj[zukt/ (nZr/ fi; d/ xo B{z ;zBQ bkJ/ g?;/ Bkb fJj ;wkB G/
fink frnk j?) T[; d/ fgZso Gh T[E/ j'tD ns/ T[j efjD fe ;kv/ xo dk
wkb j? jZedko n;hA jK . fi; dh Bfws ;okX ehsk frnk j? T[j ej/ fe
fJj ;kv/ tko;K B/ G/fink j?, ;kvk j? . MrVk tXD s/ fJB;k bJh d'B'
gkoNhnK w[B; (iZi e'b) ikD sK u'oh dk wkb fi; dbkb (pqkjwD) okjhA nZr/ frnk j?,
fJB;k efjzdk j? fe dbkb d/ jZE eZN fdZs/ ikD (T[; wkB/ ftu fJjh fJB;k j[d
z k ;h fe
u'o d/ jZE eZN/ ikD) .
fJ; ftnzrwJh u'N fgS'A r[o{ ;kfjp nkgDk fBoDk dZ;d/ jB fe
pqkjwD iK j'o fe;/ okjhA G/fink e[ZM th nZr/ BjhA iKdk pbfe, nkgD/
ihtB ekb ftZu nkgDh xkb ewkJh Bkb, d;K B"AjK dh ehsh ewkJh
ftZu'A fe;/ dh wZdd ehs/ dk cb jh nZr/ ;jkJh j[zdk j? .
wkM eh tko ftZu r[o{ gks kj B/ wB[Zy dh f zdrh B{z d; GkrK
ftZu tzfvnk j?gfjb? fgnkfo brk ED d[fX ..
d{i? wkfJ pkg eh ;[fX ..
shi? G:k GkGh p/p ..
uT[E? fgnkfo T[g Bh y/v ..

r[owfs ;/XK - 112

g it? ykD ghnD eh Xks[ ..

fSt? ekw[ B g[S? ikfs ..
;st? ;zfi ehnk xo tk;[ ..
nmt? eq'X j'nk sB Bk;[ .. n r 137 ..
gfjbK e/tb wksk d/ d[ZX Bkb fgnko, d{ih nt;Ek wksk fgsk dh
gfjukD, shi/ gVkn s/ gotko d/ j'o ;zpzXhnK dh gfjukD, u"Eh nt;Ek
y/v ftZu w;s ns/ g ithA ;N/i s/ ykD ghD dk "e. fJ;/ soQK nZr/ dZ;d/
jB
Bkt? XT[ b / T[G/ ;kj .. d;t? dXk j'nk ;[nkj.. nz r 137 ..
B"thA ;N/i ftZu tkb ;?d j' rJ/ ns/ ;kj T[yVB bZr frnk
ns/ n ho B{z d;thA jkbs, wo frnk, ;kV fdZsk frnk ns/ ;[nkj j'
frnk .
rJ/ f;rhs g[ekoh Xkj .. nzr 137 ..
[ hnK y/V/ tkb/ xo fiZE/ rhs rkJ/ iKd/ ;B T[j gotko tkb/
XkjK wko e/ o'D bZr gJ/ .
nkfJnk rfJnk w[fJnk BkT[ ..
fgS? gsfb ;fdj[ ekt .. nzr 138 ..
pzdk ;z;ko s/ nkfJnk, wo e/ ubk frnk, e[M ;wK T[; dk BkT[A
:kd fojk fco ;kb fgZSA' ;qkX ehsk, gZsbK s/ gk e/ pqkjwDK B{zG'iB y[nkfJnk pkeh dk ektK
e[ZfsnK nkfd B/ yk fbnk .
BkBe wBw[fy nzX[ fgnko[ ..
pkM[ r[o{ v[pk ;z;ko[ .. nzr 138 ..
efjzd/ jB (r[o{) BkBe (gks kj) wBw[Zfy, nfrnkBh, nzBQk pzdk
(M{mhnK rZbK) d/ fgnko tZ; ns/ frnkB s'A ;ZyDk (nzXk) M{mhnK uh K
d/ fgnko ftZu cf;nk ofjzdk j? . (fJ; soQK) (;Zu/) r[o{ d/ T[gd/ s'A p ?o
;kok ;z;ko jh (c'eN eowK ftZu c; e/) vZ[p frnk j? .
;ko/ GowK tfjwK B{z d{o eoB bJh g uw fgsk dh pkDh ;[ywBh
dh d{ih n Ngdh fJ; soQK T[gd/ d/ ojh j?.
fij wkor e/ rB/ ikfj B e';k ..
(1)
jfo ek Bkw T{jk ;zfr s';k ..
fij g?v/ wjk nzX r[pkok ..
(2)

r[owfs ;/XK - 113

(3)
(4)
(5)

jfo ek Bkw[ ;zfr T[ihnkok ..

ijk g E s/ok e' B f;RkB{ ..
jfo ek Bkw[ sj Bkfb gSkB{ ..
ij wjk GfJnkB sgs pj[ xkw ..
sj jfo e/ Bkw eh s[w T{gfo Skw ..
ijk fsqyk wB s[M[ nkeoy? ..
..
sj BkBe jfo jfo nzfwqs[ poy?.. nzr 264
264..

noE L(1) gob'e d/ bzw/ gzX s/, fijVk fezB/ e'jK dk j?, BjhA frD/ ik ;ed/,
T[; bJh jfo dk Bkw n;bh kBk j? .
(2) gob'e d/ o;s/ ftZu fiZE/ nBQ/o x[Zg j? T[E/ bJh Bkw dht/ dk ezw
eodk j? .
(3) gob'e d/ fi; o;s/ s/ s/ok e'Jh f;nkD{ (fwZso BjhA) T[E/ gow/ o
dk Bkw s/ok ;jkfJe j? .
(4) i' irQk pj[s vokT[Dh j?, sg j? ns/ j[zw; tkbh j? T[E/ tkfjr[o{ d/
Bkw dh SZsoh jh s/o/ bJh ;hsbsk tkbh SK d/t/rh .
(5) fiZE/ dh fgnk; s?B{z sVgkT[Adh j? T[E/ (efjzd/ jB g uw fgsk)
tkfjr[o{ d/ Bkw dh nzfwqs toyk s/o/ ;jkJh j't/rh.
Gkt,pqkjwD B{z ytkfJnknzBiKj'ogdkoE e[ZM Gh s?Bz {BjhA fwb/rk e/tb gow/ o dh
gqw
/ k Grsh Bkb ifgnk Bkw jh s/ok ;jkJh pD/rk .
;qh r[o{ nwodk; ih d/ nzs ;w/A d/ nZyhA fvZm/ jkb pkpk ;[d
z o ih (r[o{ ;kfjp d/
gVg's)/ dh ouBk ;d[ okwebh okr ftu ;qh r[o{rqE
z ;kfjp ftZu doi j? . r[o{;kfjp dk
nzsw T[gd/ fJj ;h .
nzs/ ;fsr[o p'fbnk
w? fgS
nj[ fBopkD
fgS?? ehosB
ehosB[[ efo
efonj[
fBopkD[[ ihT[.. nz e 923..
Gkt, nzsw ;w/A r[o{ ;kfjp B/ f;ZyK B{z T[gd/ fdZsk fe w/o/ gob'e
rwB fgZS'A e/tb r[opkDh dk ehosB eoBk j? j'o e'Jh fefonk BjhA
eoBh) .
fJfsjk; rtkj fe r[o{ ekb ftZu r[o{ ;kfjpK d/ i'sh i'fs
;wkT[D s/ ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp dk ;fji gkm ns/ ehosB T[gozs nodk;
fgZS'A ;op ;zrs bJh bzro toskfJnk iKdk ;h. fe;/ ft / iksh (pqkjwD,

r[owfs ;/XK - 114

r[owfs ;/XK - 115

;'Yh, p/dh nkfd) d/ pzfdnK B{zy[nkT[D dk ftXkB r[o{xo ftZu gqtkB BjhA j? .
w
'q Dh r[od[nkok gqpX
z e ew/Nh tZbA' gqekf s f;Zy ofjs wo:kdk ftZu fwose
;z;eko d/ Gkr j ftZu doi j? L(;;eko eoB fgZS'A) xo nk e/ iK bkr/ d/ r[od[nko/ ftZu gqkDh
Bfws ;qh r[o{ rzqE ;kfjp dk gkm oZfynk ikt/ s/ nBzd[ ;kfjp (S/ gT[VhnK)
dk gkm eo e/ nodk;k d;t/A fdB j't/ . i/ d;t/A fdB Bk j' ;e/ sK j'o
e'Jh fdB ;BpzXhnK dh ;"y B{z w[Zy oZy e/ fB:s ehsk ikt/ . fJ; gkm d/
eoB ftu, xo tkb/ ;zpzXh ob e/ fjZ;k b?D . i/ j' ;e/ sK jo o' oks B{z
ehosB Gh j't/ . d[;fjo/ fgZS'A ubkD/ dh e'Jh o;w pkeh BjhA ofjzdh .
(e)
fwose gqkDh dk nzrhmk mzYk j'D s/ ;koh d/j dh G;w n;EhnK
;w/s ib ftZu gqtkj eo fdZsh ikt/ . iK T[E/ jh dZp e/ f whA pokpo eo
fdZdh ikt/ . ;;eko n;EkB s/ fwose gqkDh dh :kdrko pDkT[Dh wBQk
j? .
(y)
nZX wkor, f;nkgk, c{jVh, dhtk, fg v, fefonk, ;qkX, p[ZYk
woBk nkfd eoBk wBwZfs j?. nzrhm/ ftZu'A cZ[b u[r e/ rzrk, gskbg[oh,
eoskog[o ;kfjp nkfd EktK s/ gkT[D/ wBwZs j? .
;w/A dh ukb pdbD Bkb, j[D ;qkX dk o{g Gh pdb frnk j? . r[owfs s'A nDikD
G'b/ QGkbQ/f;Zy iB/T{tkb/ pqkjwD B{zsK ;qkX BjhA y[nkT[Ad/go feogkB Xkoh pqkjwD d/tsk
(r[od[nko/ dk GkJh) B{zpVh oXk Bkb ;qkX y[nkT[Ad/jB ns/ eJh tko j'o e[S egVk nkfd Gh
fdzd/ jB fe nZr/ fgZsoK B{z fwb ikt/rk . kfJd ro[V g[okB d/ gqGkt j/m jh fwose gqkDh
Bfws w ik fp;sok, posB nkfd Gh r[o{xo G/Nk eod/ jB .
r[o{ dk t ho j'D d/ Bks/, fJBQK dk o sK pDdk j? fe f;Zy ;zrsK B{z r[owfs dh
;jh ikDekoh d/ e/ fJBQK rZbK s'A jNkT[D, go fJj G[Zy g/N{yho eVkj ykD d/ bkbu ftu ;r'A
j'o Gow ;zrsK ftu c?bkn oj/ jB . fJ; ;zpX
z ftZu j/mbh tkosk s'A f;yh feodko dh Mkeh
gkmeK B{z fwb/rh .
fJZe tkoh BkG/ fjo d/ e[ZM pqkjwD, BkGk gfs wjkokik jhok f;zx ih B{zefjD bZr/
fe s[jkB{znkgD/ fgsk BfwZs pqkjwDK B{z okX y[nkT[Dk ukjhdk j? .
wjkoki ;kfjp efjD bZr/fe w?A r[o{dk f;Zy jK ;kvk ;qkXK Bkb eh s[nbZe j? < go
pqkjwD tko tko ejh ikD fe k soK ftZu nfijk fbfynk j? fJ; bJh s[;hA Gh eokT[ .
wjkoki ;kfjp efjD bZr/fe w?Bz dZ
{ ;'fe feT[A eoB/ ukjhd/ jB < gfvs efjD bZr/fe s[jkvk
y[nkfJnk G'iB nkfd nZr/s[jkv/ p o[ rK B{zfwb/rk ns/ T[j fsqgs j' e/ s[jkB{zn;h;K d/Dr/

ns/ s[jkvk i; tX/rk . wjkoki ;kfjp B/ T[Zso fdZsk fe w?A rZb ;wM frnk, Bkb/ w?A ouk eoK
ns/ Bkb/ nkgD/ p o[ rK s'A BbkfJe ejktK fJ; bJh w?A s[jkB{z;qkX BjhA ybktKrk .
pqkjwDK s/ ftnzrwJh Ne'o eod/ j'J/wjkoki ;kfjp efjD bZr/ fe w/o/p o[ r wk;
yKd/ oj/ ns/ okp ghAd/ oj/. s[jkvk ykXk yho g{Vh s/ eVkj id T[BKQ B{z fwb/rk p o[ r
efjDr/ fe ;kvk pZuk e?;k BbkfJe j?, ;kvk ykik j? wk; ns/ okp ns/ pqkjwD okjhA ;kB{zG/
i fojk j? yho g{Vh. fJ; bJh i/ s[;hA wk; ykDk j? ns/ okp ghDh j? sK dZ;' . BjhA fco w/
o/ fgZsoK B{znkgD/ eow s/ SZv d/t'.
e?;h nihp rZb j? fiT[Ad/p o[ rK dh e'Jh;koBjhAb?d
A kgowfonKfgZSA'nkgD/nkg
B[z;gZs
[ o do;kT[D bJh ns/ nkgDh tfvnkJh eotkT[D bJh, nzsw ;z;eko t/b/p/sjk k
ou eod/ jB ns/ ;qkX ehsk iKdk j? .
GkJh r[odk; ih dh j/mbh tko ;G bJh fJZe ukBD w[Bkok j? .
wK fgT[ gojfo ;[D? t/d[ G/d[ B ikD? eEk ejkDh..
wK fgT[ gojfo eo? sg[ t
Dyzfv G[bk fco? fppkDh..
tD
wK fgT[ gojfo eo? g{i[ d/th d/t B ;/t ewkDh..
wK fgT[ gojfo B
BQQ ktDk
DtkDh...
ktDk nm;fm shoE x[zwDtkDh.
wK fgT[ gojfo eo? dkB p/JhwkB nfrnkB gokDh..
wK fgT[ gojfo tos efo wfo wfo izw? Go
Goffw G[bkDh..
r[o{ gow/;o[ ;ko[ B ikDh .. (tko 37 $ 13
13))
GkJh r[odk; ih dZ; oj/ jB fiT[Ad/ wK fgU B{z fsnkr e/ t/d dk
gkm ;[DBk, izrbK ftZu ik e/ sg eoB/, d/th d/ts/ g{iD/, nmkjm
shoEK dk fJ BkB ;G ftnoE j? . wK fgU B{z fsnkr e/ dkB eoB tkbk
p/JhwkB ns/ nfrnkBh g[o j?. wK fgU s'A p/w[Zy j' e/ tos oZyD tkbk
Gow ftZu cf;nk j'fJnk ns/ izwD woB d/ uZeo ftZu cf;nk oj/rk .
nfijk pzdk r[o{ gow/ o dk G/d BjhA ikD ;edk.
epho ;kfjp fJ; tko/ fJzi T[gd/ d/ oj/ jB Lokr[ rT[Vh p?okrfD epho ih
1> ;fsr[o gq;kfd ..

ihts fgso B wkB? e'T{ w{J/A f;okX eokjh ..

fgso Gh pg[o/ ej[ feT[ gktfj eT{nk e{eo ykjh ..
(nzr 332 )

r[owfs ;/XK - 116

fiT{AfdnK ih tv/ tv/fonK B{zsK e'Jh wzBdk BjhA go woB fgZSA' T[BKQ d/ BkT[A dk ;qkX
eod/ jB . dZ;'fgZso ftuko/ (;qkX tkbk G'iB) fet/A yk ;ed/ jB . n;bhns fJj j? fe eK ns/
e[Zs/nkfd ikBto jh yKd/ jB .
r[o{;kfjpK B/ ;ko/ Gow ikb s'V e/, g{otiK d/ efbnkD bJh r[o{e/ fgnkfonK okjhA
r[opkDh dkgkmsEkehosBeoe/;zrsho{gftZunodk;eoBdkjhftXkBpDkfJnkj?i'fe
fJZe :EkoE tkbh rZb j?. r[opkDh dko[ wkB j? L
;' f;y[ ;yk pzXg[ j? GkJh fi r[o e/ GkD/ ftfu nkt? ..
nkgD? GkD? i' ub? GkJh ftS[fV u'Nk ykt? .. nzr 601 ..
;' r[o{ d/ GkD/, o k ns/ j[ew nzdo ihtB pshs eoB ftZu jh
;kvk Gbk j? . r[o{ T[gd/ s'A pkjo ik e/ ehwsh ;wK g?;k ns/ skes
popkd eoB s'A f;tkfJ e[ZM gZb/ BjhA gt/rk, Bk jh r[o{ dh [ h gqkgs j't/
rh .
tkfjr[ o { ih ek kb;k ..
tkfjr[ o { ih eh s fj ..
!!!

r[owfs ;/XK - 117

r[owfs ;/XK - 119

n s/ ;fsr[o[ p'fbnk
n s/ ;fsr[o[ p'fbnk w? fgS? ehosB[ efonj[ fBopkD[ ihT[ ..
fJj s[e okwebh okr ftZu pkDh ;d d/ f;ob/y j/m ;qh r[o{ rqzE
;kfjp ih d/ n r 923 s/ doi j? . fJj pkDh f;Zyh f;XKs, g qgok ns/
wo:kdk dk fJe nfijk fJfsjkf;e yoVk j? fi; TZ[go f;Zy irs fizBk
wkD eo/ xZN j? . fJ; ftZu ;qh r[o{ nwodk; wjkoki d/ n sw ;w/A d/ nZyhA
fvZm/ jkbks r[o{ ;kfjp d/ gVg's/ pkpk ;[zdo ih B/ ebw pzd ehs/ jB
ns/ g uw gks kj ;qh r[o{ noiB d/t ih B/ fJ; B{z gqtkBsk d/ e/ ;qh r[o{
rqzE ;kfjp ftZu doi ehsk j? sK fe ;dht ekb bJh f;Zy irs fJ; s'A
;/X b? ;e/ .
fJ; pkDh s'A gsk brdk j? fe ;qh r[o{ nodk; ih B{z pr?o fe;/
phwkoh s'A, nkgDh ;z;koh y/v dh ;wkgsh dk gfjbK gsk bZr frnk ns/
r'fJzdtkb ;kfjp, ;w{j ;zrs dh jk oh ftZu ;zrs ns/ gotko Bkb
rZbK eod/, nkgD/ n sw ;;eko dhnK fjdkfJsK d/ e/, ;qh r[o{ okw dk;
wjkoki B{z nkgDh irQk ;Ekgs eoe/ [ h [ h gqb'e rwB ehsk .
id fe nZieZbQ w?vheb ;kfJz; d/ fJsBk fte;s j'D d/ pkti{d
e'Jh vkeNo f;jsw d wBZ[y pko/ BjhA dZ; ;edk fe ed woBk j? . eJh
tkoh sK rzGho phwkoh d/ woh pko/ th vkeNo dZ;D s'A n;woE j' iKd/
jB . :'r';bkthnk d/ woj{w ok Nogsh wko b NhN' 6 wjhB/ w"s d/ nk oh
gVkn sZe i{Md/ oj/ . e'Jh vkeNo n s pko/ BjhA dZ; ;fenk sK i' d{;ok
ok Nogsh ;Ekfgs j' ;e/ .
nZieZbQ d/ nkg{ pD/ r[o{nK ns/ v/o/dko ny"sh pqjw frnkBhnK
bJh fJj fJZe u[D"sh dh rZb j? . fJBQK B/ nkgDhnK t;hnsK fby e/ p?Ae
d/ bkeoK ftZu oZyhnK j'JhnK jB sK i' woB T[gozs eZY e/ toshnK ik
;eD, go nrkT{A e'Jh nZi sZe dZ; BjhA ;fenk .
fJ; d/ ftgohs ;ko/ r[o{ ;fjpK B/ nkgDh ihtB :ksok ;wkgs
j'D s'A gfjbK nkgD/ T[Zso nfXekohnK B{z nkgD/ j[zfdnK ;Ekgs ehsk
ns/ ;qh jfofeq B ;kfjp wjkoki s'A f;tkJ/ ( k; ekoD eoe/) e'Jh r[o{

ftnesh fe;/ phwkoh ekoB gob'e BjhA f;Xko/ .

fJ; pkDh s'A fJj th gsk ubdk j? fe ;qh r[o{ nwodk; ih B/,
T[; ;w/A gquZfbs, ;BksB, p[ZX, i?B ns/ fJ;bkwh wZs d/ n sw ;z;ekoK
s'A fpbe[b tZyoh fe;w d/ ;z;eko nkgD/ bJh fBoXkfos eoe/ f;ZyK bJh
fJZe ukBD w[Bkok p f nk . id fe seohpB 150 ;kb s'A g[okDk ub
fojk okXk ;[nkwh wZs, fBozekoh iK j'o ny"sh r[o{ nkgD/ f;ZyK bJh nZi
sZe e'Jh gfjukD BjhA pDk ;e/, e'Jh wo:kdk BjhA pDk ;e/ . id th
woBk goBk j[zdk j? f;Zyh gozgok d/ nXhB jh r[ kok eod/ jB .
fJ; pkDh d[nkok ;qh r[o{ nwodk; wjkoki dh wkBf;e d k dh
Gh Gbh GKs ikDekoh fwbdh j? . fiZE/ nkw wB[Zy ;Zm-;Zso ;kb dh
T[wo ftZu nkgD/ nkg s'A T[dk;, ;wki bJh p/b'Vk ns/ itkBh d/ fdB
:kd eoe/ M{odk j? ns/ nB/eK o'rK dk f eko j[zdk j? T[ZE/ ;fsr[o{ ih 60
;kb dh T[wo ftZu ;qh r[o{ n rd ;kfjp dh oB ftu nkJ/, 12 ;kb
nDEZe ;/tk eoe/ 72 ;kb dh T[wo ftu rZdh B hB j'J/ . r'fJzdtkb
;kfjp d/ ftek; s'A fJbktk pT[bh ouh, ;zrs g rs dh ohs ubkJh,
seohpB 90 ;kb dh T[wo ftZu x'V/ s/ ;tko j' e/ ;zrsK d/ T[Xko bJh
e[oe /so ns/ jfod[nko sZe ;o eo e/ tkg; nBzd[ GfJnk w/oh wkJ/
nBzd[ ;kfjp dh ouBk ehsh ns/ j'o pkDh ouh ns/ 95 ;kb dh T[wo G'r
e/, gqw/ o dk ;Zdk fwbD s/ nkgDk ekoi g{ok eo e/ [ h [ h u'bk SZv
rJ/ . fJ; B ohJ/ s'A Gh nZi-eZbQ d/ ny"sh r[o{nK ns/ ny"sh-pqjw
frnkBhnK B{z sZfenK fBok k gZb/ g?Adh j?.
;qh r[o{ ih d/ gftZso T[gd/ ;wMD bJh pkDh dh thuko eo
b?Dh bkj/tzd j't/rh .
okwebh ;d[ .. (n r 923
923)
okwebh okr ftZu doi pkDh ;d[ . ;d[ dk nZyoh noE j? ;Zdk . ;' fJj
gow/ o tb'A ;qh r[o{ nwodk; ih B{z gob'e bJh ;Zdk j? .
;fsr[ o gq ; kfd ..
gqw/ o dk w rbk uoB, i' fJZe j?, ;dht ekb ;d[ fuZs nBzd j? ns/ ;koh
f;q Nh dk eosk Xosk j?, ;fsr[o dh feogk d[nkok .
ifr dksk ;'fJ Grfs tSb[ fsj[ b'fJ ihT[ ..
T[j gow/ o ;ko/ ir dk dksk j? fszBK b'eK (Xosh, nkek , gkskb)

r[owfs ;/XK - 120

r[owfs ;/XK - 121

ftZu nkgD/ GrsK B{zfgnko eoB tkbk j? .

r[o ;pfd ;wktJ/ nto[ B ikD? e'fJ ihT[ ..
(r[o{ n rd d/t wjkoki d[nkok gqkgs) pd okjhA, (r[o{ nwodk; ih)
gow/ o Bkb ;wkJ/ j'J/ jB ns/ j'o fe;/ B{z BjhA ikDd/ .
nto' B ikDfj ;pfd r[o e? J/e[ Bkw[ fXnktj/ ..
(r[o{ nwodk; ih) r[o pd B{z SZv e/ j'o fe;/ uh B{z ikDd/ jh BjhA ns/
e/tb fJZe gow/ o d/ Bkw B{z fXnkT[Ad/ jB .
go;kfd BkBe r[o{ n rd gow gdth gktj/ ..
r[o{ BkBe ns/ r[o{ n rd dh feogk d[nkok (;qh r[o{ nwodk; ih) gow
gd Gkt T[Zu nksfwe nt;Ek gqkgs eo oj/ jB .
nkfJnk jekok ubDtkok jfo okw Bkfw ;wkfJnk ..
jfo d/ Bkw ftZu ;wkJ/ j'J/ (r[o{ nwodk; ih B{z) ;z;ko s'A ikD dk ;Zdk
gqkgs j' frnk .
ifr nwo[ nNb[ ns'b[ mke[o[ Grfs s/ jfo gkfJnk ..
1..
..1
;z;ko n do i' ed/ Bk woD tkbk (nNZb) jw/ K ekfJw ofjD tkbk,
(ns'b) fi; dh e'Jh j'o s[bDk BjhA j' ;edh n?;/ mke[o (wkbe) B{z Grsh
eoe/ r[o{ nwodk; ih B/ gk fbnk j? .
(:kd oj/ r[opkDh nB[;ko pqjwk, ft B{z, wj/ iK e'Jh j'o d/th d/tsk
nwo ns/ nNZb BjhA, ;G ekb d/ tZ; ftZu jB .)
jfo GkDk r[o GkfJnk r[o[ ikt? jfo gqG gkf; ihT[ ..
jfo dk ;Zdk o{gh GkDk r[o{ ih B{z uzrk bZfrnk fe r[o{ ih j[D gow/ o e'b
ikD bJh fsnko j'D .
;fsr[o[ eo/ jfo gfj p/Bsh w/oh g?i oyj[ nodkf; ihT[ ..
;fsr[o{ (r[o{ nwodk; ih) gow/ o B{z p/Bsh eod/ jB fe fi; soQK w/oh
fJ; ;z;ko ftZu fJZ s oZyh j? T[;/ soQK dorkj ftZu w/oh g?i oZyDh fJj
nodk; j? ih .
g?i okyj[ jfo iBj e/oh jfo d/j[ Bkw[ fBoziB' ..
j/ gow/ o ih ! nkgD/ ;/teK dh g?i oZy' ns/ wkfJnk s'A ofjs nkgDk Bkw
d/t' .
n fs ubfdnk j'fJ p/bh iwd{s ekb[ fBy iB' ..
i' Bkw, ;z;ko s'A ubfdnK Bkb ;jkJh j[zdk j? ns/ ekb d/ d{sK dk Bk

eoB tkbk j? .
;fsr[o{ eh p/Bsh gkJh jfo gqfG ;[Dh nodkf; ihT[ ..
;fsr[o{ (r[o{ nwodk;) ih dh fJj ehsh nodk; o{g p/Bsh joh B/ ;[D bJh
ns/ gqtkB eo bJh .
jfo Xkfo feogk ;fsr[o[ fwbkfJnk XB[ XB[ ej? ;kpkf; ihT[ ..
2..
..2
gow/ o B/ feogk Xko e/ ;fsr[o{ (r[o{ nwodk;) ih B{z nkgD/ Bkb fwbk
fbnk ns/ fejk nwodk; s{z XzB j?, s{z XzB j?A, kpk s?B{z .
w/o/ f;y ;[Dj[ g[s GkJhj' w/o? jfo GkDk nkT[ w? gkf; ihT[ ..
(gfjbh dZ;h tkoskbkg fgZS'A r[o{ nwodk; wjkoki e'b i' ;zrs p?mh ;h
B{z ;zp'XB j' e/ efj oj/ jB) j/ w/o/ f;Zy', g[Zs', GkJhU gow/ o dk GkDk
tosD bZrk j? fJ; bJh w/o/ gk; fJeZm/ j' ikt' .
jfo GkDk r[o GkfJnk w/ok jfo gqG[ eo/ ;kpkf; ihT[ ..
jfo dk GkDk w?B{z uzrk brdk j? ns/ gow/ o ih w?B{z kpk p oj/ jB.
Grs[ ;fsr[o[ g[oy[ ;'Jh fi;[ jfo gqG[ GkDk GktJ/ ..
(feT[Afe) T[jh ;Zuk Grs j? ns/ T[jh ;fsr[o{ j? fi; B{z jfo dk GkDk uzrk
brdk j? .
nkBzd nBjd tifj tki/ jfo nkfg rfb w/bktJ/ ..
n?;/ g[o B{z jw/ K nBzd ns/ [ hnK d/ tki/ fJe o; tid/ ofjzd/ jB ns/
gow/ o nkg [ h j' e/ nkgD/ rb bkT[Adk j? .
s[;h g[s GkJh gotko[ w/ok wfB t/yj[ efo fBoikf; ihT[ ..
j/ w/oh ;zrs o{gh gotko d/ g[Zs', Gokt' ! s[;hA wB ftZu fBoDk eo d/ d/
y bt' .
X[fo fbfynk gotkDk fco? Bkjh r[o[ ikfJ jfo gqG gkf; ihT[ ..
3..
..3
X[o dorkj s'A gow/ o dk nkfJnk j'fJnk j[ew ed/ Nb BjhA ;edk (fJ;
bJh r[o{ j[D) nekb g[o e'b ikD bJh fsnko j? .
;fsr[fo GkD? nkgD? pfj gotko[ ;dkfJnk ..
;fsr[o{ (r[o{ nwodk; ih B/) nkgDh wo h nB[;ko nkgD/ ;ke ;BpzXhnK
ns/ gotko d/ ihnK B{z xo'A p[bk fbnk .
ws w? fgS? e'Jh o't;h ;' w? w{fb B GkfJnk ..
(gotko p[bk e/ ;G B{z fJ; soQK fejk) podko ! i/ w/o/ fgZS'A e'Jh o'fJnk
ns/ i' Gh e'Jh o'J/rk w?B{z fpbe[b uzrk BjhA bZr/rk .

r[owfs ;/XK - 122

r[owfs ;/XK - 123

fws[ g?M? fws[ fpr;? fi;[ fws eh g?i GktJ/ ..

fi; wB[Zy B{z nkgD/ fwZso dh tfvnkJh uzrh brdh j? T[j nkgD/ fwZso
B{z fJZ s wkD fwbdk d/y e/ [ j[zdk j? .
s[;h thukfo d/yj[ g[s GkJh jfo ;fsr[o{ g?BktJ/ ..
s[;hA (w/o/ r[of;Zy) fwZso' Gokt' thuko eo e/ d/y bt' fe nekb g[o
tkfjr[o{ w?B{z f;o'gk gfjBkj fojk j? . (fJ; bJh s[jkB{z [ j'Dk ukjhdk j?)
;fsr[o{ gosfy j'd? pfj oki[ nkg fNekfJnk ..
;fsr[o{ (r[o{ nwodk; ih B/) nkgD/ fiT{AfdnK nkg r[o{ rZdh p fdZsh
.
;fG f;y pzXg g[s GkJh okwdk; g?oh gkfJnk ..
4..
..4
(ns/ fJ; soQK) ;ko/ f;ZyK, fo s/dkoK, g[ZsK ns/ GkJhnK B{z (r[o{) okwdk;
ih d/ g?ohA g?D bJh j[ew fdZsk .
n s/ ;fsr[o[ p'fbnk w? fgS? ehosB[ efonj[ fBopkD[ ihT[ ..
(fJj ;G eoe/) n ho B{z ;fsr[o ih B/ j[ew ehsk fe w/o/ ;oho SZvD fgZS'A
s[;hA e/tb r[opkDh dk fBo'b ehosB eoBk j? .
e/;' r'gkb g fvs ;fdnj[ jfo jfo eEk gVfj g[okD[ ihT[ ..
e/ `, e/;kXkoh, Xosh dh gkbDk eoB tkb/ (r'gkb) d/ g vsK B{z Gkt
r[owZ[y, gow/ o d/ fgnkfonK B{z p[bkfJU sK fe T[j ;zrs ftZu p?m e/ Bkw
igD, ns/ gow/ o d/ Bkw dh eEk ns/ ehosB eoB .
jfo eEk gVhn? jfo Bkw[ ;[Dhn? p/pkD[ jfo ozr[ r[o GktJ/ ..
nekb g[o dhnK f;sK dh eEk eoBh ukjhdh j? ns/ Bkw ;[DBk
ukjhdk j? . ns/ gow/ o d/ fgnko o{gh p/pkD jh r[o{ B{z uzrk brdk j? .
fg v[ gsfb fefonk dhtk c[b jfo ;fo gktJ/ .
(fJ;/ soQK) i' b'e fg v gZsb fefonk eod/ jB fwose d/ jZE d/ dhtk
pkb e/ oZyd/ jB ns/ c[Zb rzrk ftu gkT[Ad/ jB w/o/ bJh jfo d/ ;fo (joh
dk ;o'to) o{gh ;fs;zrs ftZu fBtk; eoBk jh fJj ;G e[ZM j? .
jfo GkfJnk ;fsr[o[ p'fbnk jfo fwfbnk g[oy[ ;[ikD[ ihT[ ..
(fi; soQK) nekb g[oy dk GkDk tosDk ;h T[;/ nB[;ko ;fsr[o{ ih B/
T[gd/ fdZsk ns/ fJ; soQK ;[ikD nekb g[o Bkb fwb rJ/ .
okwdk; ;'Yh fsbe[ dhnk r[o ;pd[ ;u[ Bh;kD[ ihT[ ..
5..
..5
(fJ; T[gd/ fgZS'A) ;qh r[o{ ih B/ (;G ;zrs dh jk oh ftZu) ;'Yh e[b d/

okwdk; ih B{zr[o{rZdh dk fsbe brk e/ nkgDh nksfwe r[D ns/ gow/ o d/ Bkw o{gh pd
dk ;Zuk Bh;kD r[o{okwdk; wjkoki ftZu fNek fdZsk .
;fsr[o[ g[oy[ fi p'fbnk r[of;yk w fB bJh oikfJ ihT[ ..
i' ;fsr[o{ (nwodk; ih B/) j[ew ehsk ;koh ;zrs d/ f;ZyK fJ; j[ew B{z
w B fbnk .
w'joh g[s[ ;Bw[y[ j'fJnk okwdk;? g?oh gkfJ ihT[ ..
;G s'A gfjbK ;qh r[o{ nwodk; ih d/ tZv/ ;gZ[so w'joh ih B/ T[Zm e/ ;qh r[o{
okwdk; ih d/ uoBK s/ wZEk N/fenk .
;G gt? g?oh ;fsr[o{ e/oh fiE? r[o{ nkg[ ofynk ..
T[; fgS'A ;koh ;zrs B/ ;qh r[o{ okwdk; ih B{z fiZE/ ;qh r[o{ nwodk; ih B/
nkgDh i's fNek fdZsh, wZEk N/fenk .
e'Jh efo pyhbh fBt? Bkjh fcfo ;fsr[o{ nkfD fBtkfJnk ..
i' e'Jh fe;/ fe;w dh Jhoyk ekoB r[o{ okwdk; ih nZr/ Bk fBftnk sK
r[o{ nwo dk; ih B/ nkg T[; B{z (;zrs ftZu'A T[mk e/) r[o{ okw dk; ih B{z
wZEk fNekfJnk .
jfo r[ofj GkDk dhJh tfvnkJh X[fo fbfynk b/y[ oikfJ ihT[ ..
fi; gow/ o B/ X[o'A dorkj'A ;qh r[o{ okwdk; wjkoki d/ wZE/ s/ b/y (r[o{
pDB d/) fby/ ;B T[;/ GkD/ nB[;ko (;qh r[o{ nwodk; ih B/) r[o{ gdth dh
tfvnkJh r[o{ okwdk; ih B{z fdZsh j? .
ej? ;[zdo[ ;[Dj[ ;zsj[ ;G[ irs[ g?oh gkfJ ihT[ ..
6 ..
1..
..6
..1
;qh r[o{ nwodk; ih d/ gVg's/ pkpk ;z[do ih efj oj/ jB fe fJ; soQK g{o/
;z;ko B/ ;qh r[o{ okwdk; ih B{z r[o{ w B e/ g?ohA gkT[Dk ehsk .
;d[ pkDh d/ g it/A Gkr (n s/ ;fsr[o p'fbnk) ftZu pkDh dhnK
s[eK e/;' r'gkb g fvs ;fdnj[ pko/ nkohnk ;wki, ;BksBh fjzd{nK,
nkoan?;an?;a ns/ phai/agha dh BthA yVQh ehsh ok Noh f;Zy ;zrs pj[s
G[b/yk gkT{, e{V gquko eo ojh j? . fJBQK nB[;ko r[o{ nwodk; wjkoki ih
B/ e/;' r'gkb Bkwh g fvs okjhA n sw ;;eko eoB bJh nkd/ fdZsk j? .
r[opkDh ftnkeoD (fi; fB:w nB[;ko ;koh pkDh fbyh rJh j?)
nB[;ko g fvs pj[ tuBh BKt dk bykfJe j? Bk fe fe;/ ftnesh ft /
fJZe tuB dk . i/ fJj fJZe tuB j[zdk sK fJ; dk ;o{g g fvs[ sZs/ B{z
n"AeV Bkb j[d
z k . T[dkjoD bJh j/m fbyhnK s[eK r"o eoB tkbhnK jB L

r[owfs ;/XK - 124

r[owfs ;/XK - 125

Bk e' gfVnk g fvs[ phBk Bk e' w{oy[ w dk .. (n r 359

359)
;' g vfs[ i' wB[ gop'X? .. (n r 274
274)
j'tk g fvs[ i'seh t/d gVk w[fy ukfo .. (n r 1413
1413)
fJBQK s[eK ftu g fvs[, w{oy[, wB[, ;ko/ fJZe tuB BKt jB .
(1)
rktfB s[XB' g fvs gVfB oyh;[o i[r[ i[r[ t/dk Bkb/ ..
(n r 9 )
(2)
gfV gfV g fvs w'Bh Ee/ d{i/ GkfJ gfs y'Jh .. (n r 70
70)
(3)
wBw[y gVfj g fvs ejktfj .. (n r 128
128)
fJBQK s[eK ftZu g fvs pj[s tuB dk bykfJe j? . fJ;/ soQK e/;' ns/
r'gkb gow/ o d/ BkT[A jB .
(1)
epho e/;' e/;' e{ehJ/ B ;'Jhn? n;ko ..
okfs fdt; e/ e{eB/ epj{ e/ ;[B? g[eko .. (n r 1376
1376)
(2)
r'gkb s/ok nkosk ..
i' iB s[woh Grfs eozs/ fsB e/ eki ;tkosk ..
fJ; pzd ftZu nkJ/ j'o pd fg v gZsb fefonk dhtk nkfd ;ko/
nfbzekfos pd jB . fJBQK dh r[opkDh ftZu e'Jh wjZssk BjhA j? . i' fe
;qh r[o{ BkBe d/t wjkoki ih d/ j/mb/ pd okjhA ;kps j[zdk j? .
dhtk w/ok J/e[ Bkw[ d[y[ ftfu gkfJnk s/b[ ..
T[fB ukBfD Uj[ ;'fynk u{ek iw f;T[ w/b[ ..
1 ..
..1
b'ek ws e' cefV gkfJ ..
by wfVnk efo J/em/ J/e osh b/ Gkfj ..
1.. ojkT[..
..1
fg v[ gsfb w/oh e/;T[ fefonk ;u[ Bkw[ eosko[ ..
n?E/ UE? nkr? gkS? J/j[ w/ok nkXko[ ..
2..
..2
rzr pBkof; f;cfs s[wkoh Bkt? nksw okT[ ..
;uk BktD[ sK Ehn? iK nfjfBf; bkr? GkT[ ..
3..
..3
fJe b'eh j'o[ SfwSoh pqkjwD[ tfN fg v[ ykfJ ..
BkBe fg v[ py;h; ek epj{z fBy{Nf; Bkfj ..
4.. (n r 358
..4
358)
;fsr[o{ ih c[owk oj/ jB fe w/o/ bJh gow/ o dk fJZe Bkw jh ;jh
dhtk j? ns/ fJ; dht/ ftZu w?A nkgD/ dZ[yK dk s/b gkfJnk j? . fiT[A fiT[A
w?A Bkw igdk jK dhtk wudk j? ns/ s/b o{gh d[Zy ;Vd/ jB ns/ fJ; soQK w/ok j[D iw Bkb w/
b BjhA j'Jr
/ k.

j/ GkJh, fJBQK p/eko ezwK ftZu wZs gt' . fi; soQK bZyK wD bZeVK dk Y/o j't/sK fJZe
wkw{bh nZr dh uzfrnkoh T[; Y/o B{z;[nkj eo fdzdh j?, fJ;/ soQK p/n s gkg eow fJZe fyB
wkso Bkw igD Bkb ;V iKd/ jB .
w/o/bJh fg v, gZsb dkB eoBk ns/ j'o fefonk eoBk fJZe e/;'o{gh eosko dk
Bkw jh j? i' fe b'e gob'e ftZu w/ok nkXko j? .
rzrk ns/ pBko; dk fJ BkB fjzd{nK bJh j? w/o/ bJh gow/ o ih
s[jkvh f;s jh ;G e[ZM j? ns/ fdB oks s/o/ gq/w ftZu wrB j'D Bkb jh
;Zuk BtQkT[D j[zdk j?, id'A nkswk gq/w ozr ftZu j[zdh j?.
g fvs fJZe g/Vk d/tfsnK B{z nogD eodk j? fJZe b'eK d/ fgZsoK
bJh oZydk j? i' fe fJZe tko fdZfsnK w[Ze iKd/ jB . r[o{ BkBe ;kfjp
c[owk oj/ jB fe nekb o{g dh p o{gh fg v ed/ Bk sw j'D tkbk g/
Vk j? .
fJj ed/ j' BjhA ;edk fe i' T[gd/ ;qh r[o{ BkBe d/t ih B/
fdZsk j't/ ns/ ;qh r[o{ n rd d/t wjkoki B/ T[; s/ nwb ehsk j't/, ;qh r[o{
nwodk; ih T[; d/ T[bN ezw eoB. sK s/ r[o{ BkBe ;kfjp d/ T[gd /
nB[;ko jh ;qh r[o{ nwodk; ih B/ nkgD/ n sw ;;eko eoB dh fjdkfJs
ehsh . fJ; s'A fJbktk e/ ' r'gkb Bkw tkbk pqkjwD ;qh r[o{ ih d/ ihtB
fJfsjk; ftZu e'Jh fwbdk jh BjhA . i/ r[o{ ;kfjp B/ fe;/ pqkjwD B{z e'Jh
wkBsk fdZsh j[zdh sK pkT[bh dk ezw [o{ eoB s'A gfjbK iK j'o ezw eoB
s'A gfjbK Gh T[; B{z gZ[fSnk j[zdk, go fJfsjk; ftZu n?;h e'Jh rZb BjhA
fwbdh .
fco r[o{ ;kfjp B/ fes/ th ro[V g[okD dh eEk (i' fjzd{ wZs
nB[;ko g fvs eod/ jB) eoB dk e'Jh j[ew BjhA ehsk pbfe r[owfs
nB[;ko jfo jfo o{gh g[okD Gkt r[opkDh dk gkm ns/ Bkw igD dk nkd/
fdZsk j? .
;BksB Xow nB[;ko woB s'A gfjbK gqkDh B{z w i/ s'A T[sko e/
Xosh s/ fbNk fdZsk iKdk j? . woB fgZS'A dhtk pkbQ e/ gqkDh d/, jZE s/
oZfynk iKdk j? . i' fe nZr/ gob'e ftZu gqkDh B{z ukBD fdzdk j? . i"A d/
nkN/ d/ fg v pDk e/ pqkjwD wD;dk j? i' gqkDh d/ nZr/ ykD bJh ezw nkT[Adk j? .
fco cZN/s/ fbNk e/ w;kDk tZb fwose ;oho B{zfbikfJnk iKdk j?, nXtkN/ Xosh s/
oZy e/ gkDh tkbk fwZNh dk GKvk GzfBnk iKdk j? sK i' fwose gqkDh dh nkswk B{zgsk br/ fe s/

(1)
(2)
(3)

r[owfs ;/XK - 126

r[owfs ;/XK - 127

ok gkDh fJ; ;z;ko s'A w[Ze frnk j? . g fvs d/ t/d w so T[ukoB fgZSA' fusk B{znZr brkJh
iKdh j? s/ gqkDh dk tZvk bVek, fusk ibD s'A E'VhQ d/o fgZSA' fwose gqkDh dh y'gVh ftu ;'Nh
wkodk j? (egkb fefonk). T[; fgS'A gqkDh d/ bVe/ w[ vB eokT[Ad/ jB .
sh;o/ fdB gqkDh d/ cZb
[ u[r/iKd/ jB ns/ jfod[nko gj[u
z kJ/ iKd/ jB . fi; Bkb
fwose d/ gkg Bk j' e/ w[esh gqkgs ;wMh iKdh j? . fJj ;wfMnk iKdk j? fe woB s'A 13 fdB
sZe fwose gqs
/ i'B ftZu xo d/ nk; gk; x[ wdk ofjzdk j? . fJj s/oK fdB g fvs ih nkw s"o
s/ nkgD/ xo jh ro[V g[okD dh eEk gqkDh bJh eod/ jB . 13t/AfdB fefonk ehsh iKdh j? fi;
Bkb iht nkswk gqs
/ i{B s'A w[es j' e/ gob'e B{ziKdk j? . fiE/ ikD bJh 360 fdB brd/ jB
ns/ o;s/ ftu ezw nkT[D bJh fp;sok, wik, posB nkfd gfvs ih B{zfdZs/iKd/ jB . fJe
;kb jo o' dhtk irkfJnk iKdk j? ns/ jo o' pqkjwD B{z G'iB SekfJnk iKdk j? .
;qh r[o{nwodk; ih dk T[gd/ i' pkDh ;d[ ftZu doi j?, T[Zgo dZ;hnK ;kohnK
rZbK B{z b
{ ;wM e/ e/tb r[opkDh dk gkm ns/ ;zrsh ehosB eo e/ nodk; eoBk jh doi
j? . fJ;/ bJh w
' q Dh ew/Nh tZbA' Skgh rJh ofjs wo:kdk ftu fJBQK rZbK dk fes/ f eo BjhA
j? . i/ fco th n;hA fJj rZbK eo oj/ jK sK fco ;kB{zfjzd{ejkT[D s'A feT[A fuV brdh j? <
;'uD tkbh rZb j? fe tZv/xZbx
{ ko/ t/b/id'A ;t/o/6 ti/ s'A b? e/ d[gfjo 2 ti/ sZe
seohpB ukbh j ko f;zx jhd j' rJ/ T[BKQ d/ c[Zb fe; B/ ns/ feZE/ gkJ/ < iK fco eh T[j
ntrs oj/ < b/ye d/ gVdkdk ih B/ ns t/b/gotko d/ ihnK B{zj[ew fdZsk fe w/o/c[ZbK B{zuZeh
EkJhA ghj e/ pkohe eoe/ dopko ;kfjp i' gfjbh pd u"e
A h fBebdh j? ;zrs d/ uoBK ftu f;ZN/
ikD . Gkt/A fJj e'Jh wo:kdk BjhA go f;o gotko d/ ihnK B{zdZ;D bJh Bk c[Zb jfod[nko
g[nkJ/ Bk ehosg[o ;kfjp .
go n;hA r[o{ d/ j[ewK s'A p/wy
[ j' e/ ;G ezw eod/ jK . o e f;o b?No pe; dk
fgnk j?, fuZmh T[jh j? . iB/T{tkb/ pqkjwD dh irQk n;hA feogkB tkb/ pqkjwD B{z;G dkB fdzd/
jK, ns/ T[j b? e/ [ j[zd/ jB .
r[opkDh ns/ r[ofJfsjk; d/ ukBD ftZu, q'wDh r[od[nkok gqpzXe
ew/Nh tZb'A gqek s f;Zy ofjs wo:kdk d/ g Bk 25$26 nB[;ko, r[of;ZyK
bJh fwose ;z;eko eoB dh fjdkfJs fJ; soQK j?.
fwose ;z;eko
1a
gqkDh B{z woB t/b/ i/ w i/ s/ j't/ sK j/m BjhA T[skoBk, dhtktZNh, rT{ wD;kT[Dk iK j'o e'Jh wBws ;z;eko BjhA eoBk . e/tb
r[opkDh dk gkm eoBk iK tkfjr[o{ tkfjr[o{ eoBk .
2a
gqkDh dh d/j fsnkrD s/ Xkj BjhA wkoBh, fgZNDk, iK f;nkgk

BjhA eoBk, wB B{ztkfjr[o{dh o k ftZu fbnkT[D bJh r[opkDh dk gkm iK tkfjr[o{dk ikg
eoh ikDk uzrk j? .
3a
gqkDh Gkt/A S'Nh s'A S'Nh T[wo dk j't/, ;' Gh ;;ekoBk ukjhJ/ .
fiE/ ;;eko dk gqpzX Bk j' ;e/ T[E/ ib gqtkj iK j'o sohek tosD s'A
zek BjhA eoBh .
4a
;;eko bJh fdB iK oks dk Gow BjhA eoBk .
5a
fwose ;oho B{z fJ BkB eok e/ ;[tZS p;so gkJ/ ikD/ s/ eeko
tZy Bk ehs/ ikD . fco s s T[Zs/ gk e/ ubkD/ dk nodk;k ;'fXnk
ikt/. fco noEh B{z u[Ze e/ w kB G{wh tZb fbikfJnk ikt/ . Bkb
t?okrwJh pdK dk T[ukoB ehsk ikt/ . ;;eko dh EK s/ gj[zu e/ fuyk
ouh ikt/ . fco ;oho B{z nrBh G/Nk eoB bJh nodk;k ;'fXnk ikt/ . fco
gqkDh B{z n rhm/ T[s/ oZy e/ g[Zso iK e'Jh j'o ;zpzXh iK fjs{ nkfd nrBh d/
t/ . ;zrs e[ZM ftZE s/ pfj e/ ehosB eo/ iK t?okrwJh pd gVQ/ . id
n rhmk g{oh soQK pb T[m/ sK (egkb fefonk nkfd eoBk wBws j?),
ehosB ;'fjb/ dk gkm eo e/ nodk;k ;'X e/ ;zrs w[V nkt/ . xo nk e/
iK bkr/ d/ r[od[nko/ ftZu gqkDh Bfws ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih dk gkm
oZfynk ikt/ s/ nBzd[ ;kfjp (S/ gT[VhnK) dk gkm eo e/ nodk;k d;t/A
fdB j't/ . i/ d;t/A fdB Bk j' ;e/ sK j'o e'Jh fdB ;zpzXhnK d/ ;"y B{z w[Zy
oZy e/ fB:s ehsk ikt/ . fJ; gkm d/ eoB ftZu xo tkb/ s/ ;zpzXh ob e/
fjZ;k b?D . i/ j' ;e/ sK jo o' oks B{z ehosB Gh j't/ . d[;fjo/ d/ fgZS'A
ubkD/ dh e'Jh o;w pkeh BjhA ofjzdh .
(e)
fwose gqkDh dk nrhmk mzvk j'D s/ ;koh d/j dh G;w n;EhnK ;w/s T[mk e/ ib
ftZu gqtkj eo fdZsh ikt/, iK T[E/jh dZp e/ fiwhA pokpo eo fdZsh ikt/ . ;;eko n;EkB s/
fwose gqkDh dk :kdrko pDkT[Dh wBQK j? .
(y)
nX wor, f;nkgk, c{jVh, dhtk, fg v, fefonk, ;qkX, p[Yk woBk nkfd eoBk
wBws j? . n rhm/ ftZuA' c[Zb u[r e/ rzrk, gskbg[oh, eoskog[o ;kfjp nkfd EktK ftZu ik e/
gkT[Dk wBws j? .
fgSb/ 15-20 ;kbK s'A fJZe BthA ohs n;hA s'oh j?, n sw nodk;
t/b/ oXKibh d/D dh . fJj j[D fJzBh G/v ukb j' rJh j? fe n sw nodk;
dk ehosB fJe x Nk j[zdk j? ns/ oXKibh d' iK fszB x N/ . oXKibh eh
j? ! tes/ okjhA r[o{ ;kfjp B{z fJj dZf;nk iKdk j? fe wjkoki w?A rtkjh

r[owfs ;/XK - 128

Godk jK, fJ; pzd/ B/ f d

z rh ftZu nkgD/ gotko GbkJh, ;wki GbkJh ns/ d/ GbkJh d/
pj[s ezw ehs/ jB ns/ ;qs
' / tes/ dh gqV
' s
Q k eod/ jB . id fe n sw nodk; r[o{ns/ gow/ o
B{zp/Bsh eoB bJh j[d
z h j? fe gqkDh G[bDjko j?, ihtB ekb ftZu nDfrDs ehshnK G[ZbK s[;hA
p f zd fgsk dk o{g j' e/ p b?DhnK .
fJZe j'o BthA ohs j[D s[o gJh j? fe soQK soQK d/ getkB pDk e/ pfjo/ w/ K s/ brk
e/ ;zrsK bJh oZyd/ jB . ykDk d/y e/ gsk eoBk w[ eb j' iKdk j? fe fJj fe;/ dk ftnkj dk
ykDk j? iK fe;/ d/ n sw nodk; t/b/dk . d{oA' B/V/nkfJnK ;ke ;BpzXhnK bJh ;kdk G'iB
nZr/j[d
z k ;h go j[D wkfJnk Xkoh pzfdnK B/ nkgDh wkfJnk dk gqdo B eoB bJh fJj BtK
ezw o[ { eo fdZsk . e'Jh Xkofwe nkr{ iK ;wkfie nkr{ fJ; pko/ nktk BjhA T[mk fojk . fJe
sK xo dk pzdk frnk d{;o/ xo fdnK T[go fJj k bs{ p'M . i/ fJj Bk o'fenk frnk sK
oki;EkB tkbh B"ps nk ;edh j? fiZE/fe gqkDh dh wor s/ xo tkb/ eJh ;kb eo kJh ofjzd/
jB fi; soQK g ikp ftZu bVeh d/ ftnkj s/ eJh xoK ftZu j[d
z k j? . fJ; e[ohsh B{zGh BZE
gkT[D dh b'V j? .
g E d/ tv/fonK B/ pVh ;{M p{M s'A ezw b? e/ fwose gqkDh d/ gkm
fgZS'A T[Zuh nktk ftZu ;d[ pkDh d/ gkm eoB dk ftXkB pDkfJnk ;h,
sK i' f;Zy irs fJ; pkDh d/ ukBD ftZu ihtB Ykb e/ b'e gob'e
ftZu ;[yh ofj ;e/ . go n;;
' fe fJ; pkDh dh ft / sk Bk ;wMd/ j'J/ ;kv/ gkmhnK,
Xkofwe ns/ ;wkfie nkr{nK B/ oXKibhnK dh G/N fJ; pkDh B{zuVQk fdZsk . n Xk nkr{
i/ Ehn? feT[ gkXo ikD?
sZs ;ko ? ; bk L
r[of;y whs ubj[ r[o ukbh ..
i' r[o[ ej? ;'Jh Gb wkBj[ jfo jfo eEk fBokbh .. ((n r 667
667)
!!!

r[owfs ;/XK - 129

r[owfs ;/XK - 131

ikDj[ i'fs B g{Sj[ iksh

fe;/ wkB/ ftZu d[BhnK d/ Be / s/ ;G s'A f nkdk ftef;s, nwho, ;ZfGnsk ns/
;'B/dh fuVh nytkT[D tkb/ d/ , fjzd;
[ skB d/ wZE/ s/ ;G s'A tZvk ebze i/ e'Jh nkfd ekb s'A
bZrk j'fJnk j? sK T[j iks-gks dk j? . id fJ; d/ dh jkew iwks B/, d/ dh pj[ ;zfynk
B{z d
{ o dk b/pb brk e/ ns/ nZXh wB[Zy iksh dk fJ;soh d/ o{g ftZu x'o fBokdo ehsk ns/
wB[Zysk s/, b{z ezv/ yV/ eoB tkb/ b
[ w YkJ/ sK e[dos d/ fB:w nB[;ko eJh ;dhnK sZe
b
[ kwh dk b
G[rsDk fgnk.
;w/A-;w/A s/ gow/ o d/ fgnkfonK B/ fJ; Xosh s/ nk e/ wB[Zy
wkso B{z ;wkBsk ns/ Goksoh fgnko dk ;zd/ d/ e/ fJ; o'r B{z d{o eoB
d/ T[gokb/ ehs/ . fiBQK ftZu'A wjkswk p[ZX ih dk BK ft / toDB :'r
j? . fJBQK d/ T[gd/ dk ;dek b'eK dh ;'u ftZu oe fgnk, go feT[Afe
jkew iwks ns/ fJ; dh nrtkJh eoB tkbk gfVQnk fbfynk ft /
tor Gkt pqkjwD d/ jZE ;koh ;wkfie ns/ oki;h skes j'D ekoB, fJ;
d/ s'A p[ZX Xow dk ;kfJnk eoe/, fco fJ; d/ dh tZ;'A Bkb ftsefonK
Gog{o n;wkBsk tkbk fttjko ikoh j' frnk .
r[o{ BkBe d/t wjkoki ns/ r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;kfjp B/ fJBQK rZbK
B{z fXnkB ftZu oZyd/ j'J/ id f;Zy ;wki dh T[;koh ehsh sK gfjbK
wB[Zysk B{z ;wkfie pokpoh bJh ft / tor dh niko/dkoh s'A w[es eoB
kso g[ikoh tor dk G'r gk e/ ;G B{z r[owfs nB[;ko gkm, ehosB ns/
j'o Xkofwe ezwK bJh pokpo nt;o gqdkB ehs/ ns/ fco ebrhXo wjkoki
B/ oki;h skes bJh Gh osB f;zx Gzr{ ih dh fbys nB[;ko
fiB eh iks-gks feS BkjhA ;odkoh Bj GJh fedkjhA ..
fJBjh e' w?A oki eokJh :j :kd eo?A jwoh r[fonkJh ..
;G bJh pokpo dotk / y'bQ fdZs/ . p/ e;K ok :ko efjbkT[D
tkb/ ebrhXo wjkoki dh feogkbsk dk ;dek {do s/ ezio efjbkT[D
tkfbnK B/ gks kjhnK G'rhnK . BjhA sK, nZi w[ZS s/ jZE c/o e/ pVQeK
wkoB tkb/ ns/ j?AeV ftZu nk e/ iZN nytkT[D tkfbnK B{z ;z;ko ftu
e"D g[ZSdk ;h < iwBk s'A gko ;ko/ fjzd[;skB ftZu nZi Gh iZNK B{z

pqkjwD dh feskp {do nkydh j? .

vkeNo n p/deo ih dh fJZe tko w[bkeks 1920 d/ nekbh
bfjo d/ pkpk yVe f;zx ih Bkb j'Jh. vkeNo ;kfjp g[SD bZr/ nk oeko
r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ftZu eh tfvnkJh j? i' s[;hA T[BQK dk fJBQK r[DrkB eod/
j' . pkpk yVe f;zx ih B/ nkgD/ d'B'A jZE fujo/ s/ c/o e/ fejk fe r[o{
r'fpzd f;zx wjkoki dh ;G s'A tZvh eokwks ns/ tfvnkJh s[jkv/ ;kjwD/
yVQh j? . i/ s[jkB{z :ehB BjhA nkT[Adk ub' w/o/ Bkb w?A s[jkB{z fdyktK w/oh
nkgDh fpokdoh ns/ GkJhuko/ d/ pzd/ fiBQK B/ r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;kfjp d/
uoB BjhA geV/ Gkt n fwqs BjhA Sfenk d[BhnK ftZu nZi Gh ezio
ebkb efjbkT[Ad/ jB . w?A f;oc n fwqs SZe e/ ebrhXo wjkoki dk
pkDk XkoB ehsk j? s/ d[fBnK w?B{z ;odko efjzdh j? . fJ; s'A tZvh
tfvnkJh eh j' ;edh j? <
fJj ;wkBsk tkbk Goksoh fgnko ebrhXo wjkoki s'A fgZS'A
pj[s d/o sZe ubdk fojk . pzdk pjkdo s'A ekh d/o pknd id kb;k
g E uVQs gqkgsh tZb tfXnk ns/ db kb;/ d/ g i iZE/ pDkJ/ rJ/ sK
nekb s s ;kfjp s'A GkJh wBh f;zx ih B/ i' iE/dko pDk e/ fB kB
;kfjp fdZs/ T[; dk toDB fJfsjk; ftZu fJ; soQK j? .
1a gfjbk iZEk fBjzr f;zxK dk, iE/dko pkpk dhg f;zx ih .
2a d{ik iZEk GkJh Xow f;zx ih dk, n fwqs;ohJ/ yZsoh .
3a shik iZEk r[o{ n ; ftZu'A dk pkpk fpB'd f;zx (r[o{ n rd d/t
;kfjp d/ kBdkB ftZu'A)
4a u"Ek iZEk d;"AXk f;zx frZb iZN (pkp/ p[ZY/ dh tz; )
5a g itK iZEk pkpk tho f;zx ozxo/N/ dk (;qh r[o{ g E gqek
feqs osB f; x Gzr{)
fJ;/ soQK nZr/ g E ftZu ;G s'A gfjbK Btkph, ;/tk pdb/, GkJh
eg{o f;zx ftoe iZN B{z gqkgs j'Jh ns/ Btkp eg{o f;zx ih B/ nkgDk
T[ZsonfXekoh pkpk iZ;k f;zx nkjb{tkbhnk ebkb B{z pDkfJnk. i'
eg{oEbk fonk;s d/ pkBh j'J/ .
f;ZyK B{z ;odkohnK ns/ gks kjhnK j[D tKr fe;/ B/ fo ot e'N/
u'A gb/N ftZu oZy e/ BjhA fdZshnK . fi; fi; B/ Gh g E dh d/ ns/ s/
Bkb ;/tk ehsh T[; B{ztfvnkJh gqkgs j'Jh ukj/ e'Jh iZN ;h ukj/ okwrVQhnk iK nkjb{tkbhnk.

r[owfs ;/XK - 132

r[owfs ;/XK - 133

;w/A d/ r/V Bkb id f;zxK s/ b

[ w dh nBQo/ h M[b ojh ;h s/ r[oXkwK dh ;/tk ;zGkb
ns/gqukodkezwT[dk;hnKns/fBowfbnKd/jZEnkfJnksKpj[s;kohnKr[owfsT[bNohsK
nk rJhnK fiBQK ftZu iks-gks Gh ;h . d{;o/ gk;/ ;kfjs i' ofunk frnk fBo'b pqkjwDh ;'u
tkbk.ebrhXowjkokis'A56;kbfgZSA'nkgD/nkgB{zGkJhwshdk;dkd'jskefjbkT[Dtkbk
e/;o f;zx fSZpo nkgDh ouBk pz;ktbh Bkwk d;K gks kjhnK ek ftZu fJZe gk;/ ;qh r[o{rqE
z
;kfjp B{z rqE
z ;kfjp j? gosZy r[o{n;kvk ns/ i' rqE
z A' r:k ;' ezw'r:k Gh nkydk j? d{;o/
gk;/ ;kok pqkjwD- tkd dk gquko eo fojk j? . fJ;/ soQK wfjwk gqek dk jkb j? feT[Afe nkw
f;Zy ;zrs ftZfdnk d/ y/so ftZu pj[s gZSVh j'Jh ;h.
d{;o/ gk;/ oki;h skes d/ wkbe f;Zy oki/ ns/ ;odko Gh pj[s/
nBgVQ j'D eoe/ ns/ j'o ekoDK eoe/ r[opkDh s'A d{o ub/ rJ/ ns/
pqkjwDtkdh u[zrb ftZu c; rJ/ . fijV/ kBdkB nkgD/ fto;/ Bkb i[V
e/ r[opkDh Bkb bZr/ oj/, T[BQK dh ;'u pj[s jZd sZe r[owfs nB[;ko jh
ojh . fiZE/ fJZe gk;/ pqkjwDh ;'u nB[;ko ;qh n fwqs;o ih dopko ;kfjp
d/ pkjo pqkjwD w{oshnK oZy e/ p?m/ ;B (i' f;zx ;Gk bfjo B/ u[ekJhnK)
ns/ BhthnK iksK dk go kd gqtkB BjhA j[zdk ;h, e'Jh w B/rk fe T[; t/
b/ Gh g ikp dk ;G s'A tZvk irhodko, ;odko pjkdo jopz; f;zx nNkoh
tkbk ;?ANob :shw kBk n fwqs;o ftZu ik e/ :shw pZfunK B{z p ?o
ftseo/ d/ e/;hA fJ BkB jZEh eotkT[Ad/ oj/ ns/ ;w/A-;w/A eEk Gh eod/ oj/
.
;kv/ nkgd/ xo ftZu, id 1947 dh tzv t/b/ d' ;kb fg v ofjD
dk w"ek fwfbnk sK i' xo ftZu gkDh GoB tkbk iK j'o ezw eoB tkbk
nkT[Adk fojk, n;hA T[; dk BkT[A b? e/ BjhA p[bk ;ed/ ;h feT[Afe fgsk ih
dk j[ew ;h fe tZv/ B{z skfJnk ns/ S'N/ B{z ukuk efj e/ p[bkU . rowhnK
dhnK S[ZNhnK ftZu p ?o fe;/ ftseo/ d/ nkgD/ GkJhuko/ d/ pZfunK
pokpo pmk e/ nS{sK d/ pZfunK B{z nkg gVkT[Ad/ oj/ . go j'o pkeh ;ko/
GkJhuko/ dk dfbsK Bkb fJjh fttjko ;h i' nkw ;[DB ftZu fwbdk j?.
GkJh tho f;zx, GkJh oDXho f;zx ih, gq'a ;kfjp f;zx, ;zs nso
f;zx ih tor/ nB/eK wjK g[o K B/ r[owfs s/ gfjok d/ e/ jo fJZe B{ziks-gks d/ ftseo/ p o?
:'r ;fseko fdZsk . go eJh ;zsK d/ v/fonK, fijk fe o{wh tkb/ ;zsK dk v/ok G[u'wvh, BkBe;o
eb/oK tkb/, pkpk ;zsK f;zx fBjzr nkfd, tZbA' BhthA iks tkfbnK Bkb ftseok ehsk iKdk j?.
f;Zyh d/ XkoBh, r[DtkB ukj/ T[j frnkBh e[d
z B f;zx gszr oftdk;hnk, GkJh ;zsk

f;zx ji{oh okrh r[L ;h; rzi wiQph f;zx iK frnkBhfdZsf;zxtor/ BhthA iks d/ pzfdnKB{z
r[of;Zy;zrsKB/ jw/ K jh :'r nkdo wkD fdZsk, j? . g[ikohnKL;'Yh ns/ p/dh pkfpnK dk Gkt/
A e?;k jh fttjko fojk j't/ .
w"id
{ k ;w/A n do d/ dh nk kdh fgZSA' id Gkos ;oeko B/ fjzd{nS{sK s'A f;tkfJ
j'o ;G nS{sK bJh ;oekoh fonkfJsK d/ dotk/ pzd eo fdZs/;h sK 1950 ftu jh wk;No skok
f;zx ih dh nrtkJh j/m nekbh db B/ pod;s o'; w[ kjo/ eoe/ nS{sK s/ dfbs f;ZyK B{z
;kohnK ;j{bsK fdtkJhnK idfe w[;bwkB ns/ fJ;kJh tor d/ b'e ni/ Gh fJBQK ;j{bsK B{z
so; oj/ jB .b
;o{g nB/eK f;Zy fJBQK ikshnK ftZuA' tZv/n;o pD rJ/ ns/ j'o t;hfbnK
Bkb nkofEe soZeh tZb tZX oj/ jB.
Gkt/A, fJj fuZNk ;Zu j? fe r[owfs nB[;ko fJBQK B{zni/ Gh g{ok nkdo, ft / eo e/
fg vK ftZu BjhA fwb fojk go fJj Gh e'Jh M{m BjhA fe kb;kJh p'b pkb/ j'D ekoB pkeh d/
Bkb'A g ikp ftZu fJBQK dh jkbs pj[s nZSh j? . ;tortk;h ;kpek e/Adoh fvc?AB; wfB;No
pkp{irihtBokwihidfJZetkohpBko;dhfjzd{:{Bhtof;Nhd/wdoftZuub/rJ/sKT[BKQ
d/ ikD fgZSA' ;Zs fdB, pqkjwD, w do B{z rzrk ib Bkb X' e/ Z[X eod/ oj/ . eh g ikp ftZu
ed/ fJ; soQK j'fJnk j? <
fg vK pko/ i' o"bk j[D fJBQK Bkb ftseo/ dk g? fojk j?, nkw iZNK
dh pqkjwDh ;'u s'A fJbktk fJZe ekoB b'eK dk nkofEe ftseok Gh j?,
fi; tZb fe;/ B/ fXnkB d/D dh y/ub BjhA ehsh . b?Av ;hfbzr j'D eoe/
, gotkoK ftZu tkX/ j'D ekoB ns/ bVehnK dk wkfgnK dh ikfJdkd
ftu fjZ;/dkoh j'D ekoB fdB' fdB nkw fe;kB dk whB dk oepk xZN
fojk j? . fi; Bkb wkbh jkbs ftrV ojh j? . b;o{g nksw jZfsnk
eoB s/ w p{o j' oj/ jB . nkw e'N/ ftZu bVfenK B{z B"eoh fwbdh BjhA s/
id dfbsK d/ e'N/ftZuA' fe;/ dfbs d/ w[ v/ B{zB"eoh fwb e/ pokpoh dk gqrNktk eo/ sK d{;oh
fXo d/ wB i' phs/rh, ;G ikD ;ed/ jB .
fJ; s'A fJbktk iZN dk f;ZXk tkj ;hoh oZyD d/ s"o fJBQK Bkb
g?Adk j? . id dfbs gotko dk ;hoh u'yh sBykj jo wjhB/ sfj eoe/
j koK o[gJ/ nrkT{A fpB ftnki/ g?;/ b?Adk j? ns/ d' uko wjhB/ ezw eoe/
nkgD/ e"b s'A fco e/ xo p?m ikt/ iK fe;/ j'o Bkb ob ikt/, iZN eh eo/
rk < p[ok Gbk efjD s/ fco ;hoh phavhaUa iK j'o ;oekoh n;o B{z uVQk
fbnkT[Adk j? s/ e'Jh Gh dfbs, iZN d/ jZe ftZu jkn dk Bknok Bk
wko/ fco gkme nkg jh ;'uD fe ;wkBsk feZE/ oj/rh .

r[owfs ;/XK - 134

r[owfs ;/XK - 135

d{;ok tZvk ekoB fJj j? fe fg vK d/ r[od[nkfonK d/ gqpXz e iZN f;ZyK dh wkBf;esk

ftZu iZNg[Dk sK i'pB s/ j? go f;Zyh s'A e'o/jB. feT[Afe fgvK ftu pD/ nkbhkB r[od[nkfonK
ftZu rqE
z h f;zx nfij/ jB i' f;o ;t/o/ gqek ns/ kw B{z ;[y nk;B eoB d/ :'r jh jB .
f;Zyh d/ gquko dk ;kok o' fjoK ftZu jh j? . e'Jh r[DtkB frnkBh gqukoe, eEktkue ns/
ehosBhnK fg vK ftZu ikD B{zfsnko BjhA feT[Afe T[E/Bk g?;k j? ns/ Bk jh fjo tkbhnK
;j{bsK jB . fg vK ftZu ftuoB tkb/ ;zs ;wki B/ fJ; gZyA' u[Zg tZN bJh j? .
i/ fg vK ftu r[owfs nB[;ko dZf;nk ikt/ fe r[opkDh dZ; ojh j? L
ikfs ek rop[ B eohnj[ e'Jh ..
pqjw
1..
w[[ fpzd/ ;' pqkjwD
jwD[[ j'Jh ..
..1
ikfs ek rop[ B efo w{oy rtkok ..
fJ;[ rop s/ ubfj pj[s[ ftekok ....1.. ojkT[ ..
uko/ toB nky? ;G[ e'Jh ..
pqjw[ fpzd s/ ;G Ugfs j'Jh ..
2 ..
..2
wkNh J/e ;rb ;z;kok ..
3 ..
pj[ fpfX GKv/ xV? e[w~kok
..3
k ok ..
g u ss[ fwfb d/jh ek nkekok ..
xfN tfX e' eo? phukok ..
4..
..4
ejs[ BkBe fJj[ ihT[ eow pzX[ j'Jh ..
7-28
fpB[ ;fsr[o G/N/ w[efs B j'Jh ..
5.. (nzr 112
1127-28
7-28))
..5
noE L- (j/ GkJh) iks dk jzeko e'Jh Bk eo' (feT[fA e i' iht) gowkswk B{zikD bt/ T[jh pqkjwD
j[d
z k j?. . j/ w{oy s/ rtko, s{ziks dk jzeko Bk eo feT[Afe fJ; jzeko s'A pj[s fteko ns/ eb/
tXd/ jB .
(Gkt/A) jo e'Jh nkydk j? fe uko toB (yZsoh, pqkjwD, t? ,
{do) irs ftZu gqf;ZX jB go n;bhns fJj j? fe ;G dh g?dkfJ gow/
o s'A j'Jh j? . fi; soQK fwZNh fJZe jh j? ns/ x[fwnko fJ; fwNh s'A eJh
gqeko dhnK nZv nZv ebK d/ GKv/ pDk fdzdk j? . fJ;/ soQK fwZNh, gkDh,
jtk, nrBh ns/ nek ;kfonK s'A fwb e/ fJj ;oho pDd/ jB . fJ; pko/
e'Jh fJj BjhA efj ;edk fJj pqkjwD ns/ j'o ;kfonK ftZu e'Jh uh xZN
j? iK e'Jh uh tZX j? .
r[o{ (BkBe) gks kj dZ;d/ jB fe fJj iht nkgD/ ehs/ ;z;ekoK
dk pZMk j'fJnk jh e'Jh T[Zsw eowK eoe/ T[Zsw j? ns/ wkV/ eowK eo e/

Bhu j?. go ;fsr[o{dh oB gJ/ fpBK fJBQK pzXBK s'A bk;h BjhA fwbdh Gkt T{u Bhu d/ Gow
BjhA fwNd/ .
r[o{ BkBe ;Zu/ gks kj T[gd/ fdzd/ jB L
ikDj[ i'fs B g{Sj[ iksh nkr? ikfs B j/ .. (n r 349
349)
j/ GkJh fe;/ dh iks Bk d/yU pbfe ;G ftZu tos ojh nekb g[oy dh
fJe i's B{z gSkD' feT[Afe dorkj ftZu fe;/ dh iks BjhA (pbfe eow d/
y/ iKd/ jB) .
i/ fg vK dh G'bh Gkbh f;Zy ;zrsK B{z dZf;nk ikt/ fe fJfsjk;
nB[;ko r[o{ ;kfjp B/ Xow dh feos eoB tkb/ gow/ o d/ fgnko/ GkJh
bkb' nkfd B{z rb brkfJnk ns/ T[Zuh e[b tkb/ kbw oki/ wjkoki/ iK
pqkjwD B{z d[oeko fdZsk . fdZbh s'A r[o{ s/r pjkdo ;kfjp dk ;h;
fbnkT[D tkbk GkJh i?sk BhthA e[b ftu'A ;h, d;w/ fgsk d/ g i fgnko/
Gh BhthA iksK ftZu'A ;B, uwe"o dh rVQh s'A pkjo nkT[D t/b/ d;w/ fgsk
B/ nkgDh ebrh ns/ p;so Gh fJZe BhthA iks tkb/ {do f;Zy B{z gfjBk
e/ rVQh u'A fBeb/ ;B .
;kp' eh sbtzvh d;w/ fgsk dh pzd{e dk fB kBk goyD bJh
SkshnK skDB tkb/ pkpk Xho f;zx ns/ pho f;zx Gh dfbs f;zxK ftZu'A jh
;B . f;Zy oki dh BhAj oZyD tkb/ jhd pkpk p'sk f;zx ns/ roik f;zx
Gh BhthnK iksK ftZu'A ;B ns/ j'o fJ; soQK dhnK fJfsjkf;e ;kyhnK dk
i/ gquko fg vK ftZu ehsk ikt/ sK ekh jZd sZe ;[Xko j' ;edk j? . go e"D eo/, e"D fg vK
ftZu ikt/ < fJ; gZyA' f;Zy fw Boh ekbi dk ;kfjs ns/ gquko Yzr bkxk:'r j? .
e?;h j?okBh dh rZb j? n fwqs ;zuko t/b/ ;G B{z fJZe' pkN/ ftZuA' n fwqs SekfJnk
iKdk j? fco pkeh pfunk n fwqs ;G B{zfJZe'pkN/ okjhA w{ j Bkb SekfJnk iKdk j? . n fwqs
SekT[D fgZSA' ;G B{zf;Zfynk fdZsh iKdh j? fe nZi s'A s[jkvh fgSbh e[Zb Bk , Xow Bk , iks
Bk ns/ eow Bk j[D s'A s[jkvk iBw r[o{ d/ xo dk j? . kb;/ dk fgsk r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx,
wksk ;kfjp e"o ns/ s[;hA ;ko/ tk;h nBzdg[o d/ j', s[;hA ;ko/ f;zx ebrhnK tkb/ d/ g[Zso j' ns/
fJ;sohnK ;kohnK g[ZsohnK jB ns/ nZi s'A ;G B/ ;qh r[o{rqEz ;kfjp dh f;fynk nB[;ko ihtB
pshs eoBk j?. nZi s'A s[;hA ;ko/ ykb;k g E d/ n r j' ns/ nZi s'A s[jkv/ f;o, r[o{g E dh
nwkBs jB id'A g E B{zb'V gt/ s[;K ;kfonK B/ g E B{znogB eoB/ jB . nfij/ ;gZ N nkd/
j[fz dnK i/ e'Jh w{oy nkgDh fgSbh iks dk jzeko eoe/ d{;fonK Bkb ftseok eo/ sK T[; B{z
g Ee otkfJs nB[;ko sBykj brkT[Dh ukjhdh j? i/ fco Gh Bk w B/ g E ftZuA' S/e d/Dk jh

r[owfs ;/XK - 136

mhe j? .
fJZe j'o rZb Gh pVh ftuko d/D :'r j? . eh fJBQK ;kohnK dfbs
ikshnK ftZu nkg;h nkuko thuko dh ;wkBsk j? < eh oftdk;hnK dk
pkbwhehnK ns/ ;?Aj;hnK Bkb ;wkBsk tkbk ;b{e j? < iK eh fJj
nkgDh pokdoh s'A pkjo ik e/ fo s/ Bks/ eod/ jB < eh fp;t/dko
;odkoK s'A ipoh whB dZpD tkfbnK dfbsK dk nkgD/ B"eoK Bkb
;wkBsk tkbk ftT[jko j? iK eh oftdk;hJ/ fe;/ j'o Grs dk fdjkVk
tZv/ gZXo s/ wBkT[Ad/ jB < pbfe fJ; soQK eoB Bkb g E ftu j'o so/VK
g? ojhnK jB . kfJd fJ; fgZS/ Gh g E fto'Xh skesK dh rfjoh ;k ;
ezw eo ojh j? fi; dk b nkT[D tkb/ ;w/A ftZu G[rsDk gt/rk .
nZi-eZbQ ;oekoh dsoK ftZu Gh fJBQK B/ :{BhnBK pDk oZyhnK
jB ns/ Nq/v :{BhnB tKr nkgfDnK pzfdnK dh wZdd eod/ jB. nkgDh
ekb'Bh d/ r[od[nkok ew/Nh dk gqXkB j'D d/ Bks/ fJBQK ny"sh dfbsK dh
Nq/v :{BhnB dk ;dek fi; soQK brksko eJh ;kb ndkbsK s/ EkfDnK
dh gq/v eoBh gJh fJj b/ye jh ikDdk j? . (fJBQK ftu n fwqsXkoh r[o
f;Zyh ofjDh tkb/ dfbs xZN ;B)
n fwqsXkoh dfbsK dh nkgDh w p{oh ns/ nkgDh ;'u j? r[od[nko/ n do fJj
jo uh dk pokpo jZe w rd/ jB, s/ ebrhXo d/ f;zx efjbkT[Ad/ jB go B"eoh b?D bJh
ns/ j'o ;oekoh ;j{bsK bJh fJj oftdk;hJ/ iK j'o e[ZM efjbkT[Ad/jB . r[od[nkok ew/NhnK
s/ j'o f;Zy ndkfonK ftu Gh nkgDk fo ot e'Nk w rd/ jB . eh r[o{ ;kfjp B/ e'N/ tkbk
gE pDkfJnk ;h < fJ; soQK j[D tkbk w' q Dh r[a gqa ew/Nh ftZu fJ;sohnK bJh fBoXkfos e'Nk
fpbe[b f;Zy b
;/ d/ ;wkBsk tkb/ n;{b d/ T[bN j? .
i/ e'Jh ebrhXo wjkoki dh w[jo (dkVQh, e/;, feogkB nkfd)
XkoB eoe/ nkg jh ej/ fe w?A oftdk;hnk f;Zy jK sK fco T[; dh ;'u B{z
s[;hA eh ej'r/ < f;Zyh f;XKs d/ T[bN dfbsK Bkb ftsefonK Gfonk
toskU jh f;o;k tor/ gy vh v/fonK B{z iBw fdzdk j? . fJ; B{z o'eD bJh
r[opkDh ns/ f;Zy fJfsjk; dk fg vK ftZu gquko jh ekoro f;ZX j' ;edk
j? .
!!!

r[owfs ;/XK - 137

r[owfs ;/XK - 139

y;w[ S'fv d{i? br/

1962s'A1964sZedk;nkgDh;oekohB"eohekoDfdZbhfojk.BthAfdZbh,gjkV
rzi B{zg ue{JhnK o'v Bkb i'VB tkbh, p;zs o'v s/ o/bt/ ;N/vhnw j? . ;N/vhnw dh uko
dhtkoh s'A pkjo, g?db o;s/ s/ fJZe fdB nukBe fe;/ B/ fszB fJZNK fbnk e/ oZy fdZshnK . eZM[
fdB pknd fJZNK ftZu dhtk wZuD bZr fgnk . fco jo thotko Y'b tZiD Bkb pZfunK B{z
c[ZbhnK fwbD bZr gJhnK ns/ nZi fJj g{oh S/ c[ZNh, fJZe w[;bwkB gho d/ BkT[A s/ w ko d/ o{g
ftZu nkgD/ GrsK dhnK ekwBktK g{ohnK eoB tkbh gftZso irQk pD rJh j? .
fJ; w ko d/ ;kjwD/ fJZe w ib o/bt/ ekb'Bh ftZu, fJZe S'Nh fijh kbh irQk s/
nukBe fJZe fdB, f t ih dh w{osh fNZe rJh . fJ; fgZSA' w{osh d/ d[nkb/ sko bZr rJh ns/
jo w rbtko pZfunK B{zgq;kd fwbD bZr fgnk . sko d/ n do c[Zb p{N/bZrD Bkb, fco
fJj fpBK SZs d/ w do dk o{g XkoB eo frnk .
o/tb/ B/ nkgD/ eowukohnK B{z fojkfJ h ;j{bsK d/D bJh, fJ; fJZe w bh
ekb'Bh B{z id uko w bK ekb'Bh pDkT[D bJh Ykj[Dk o[ { ehskl sK w do d/ g[ikoh B/
w do Ykj[D dh d[jkJh gk e/ GrsK Bz{nkgD/ Bkb i'V e/ w[ykcfbs o[ { eo fdZsh . w p{oB
;oeko B{zg{o/d' ewfonK tkb/ wekB dh irQk, w do bJh SZvDh gJh . fJ; soQK ewok g? ikD
fgZSA' fJj fJZe ;zgo{ B o{g ftZu ekb'Bh dk gftZso w do pD frnk .
e[ZM fdBK fgZSA' ;kok G/d y[bQfrnk fe fJZe'ftnesh w rbtko B{zw do dk g[ikoh
pD e/ uVQktk b? iKdk j? ns/ thotko tkb/ fdB wko dh o"De tXk e/ T[EA' g?;k fJeZmk eo b?Adk
j? .
;kv/ d/ d/ bhvoK dh Bhsh nB[;ko fJj g[ikoh-ew-w[ kto
pj[s nrKj tX{ thukoXkok dk wkbe ok Noh J/esk ns/ ny vsk dk
w[dJh j? . go fJj fe;/ s'A S[fgnk j'fJnk BjhA fe ekb'Bh n do T[j ;G
e[ZM j' fojk j? i' fe fe;/ Xow n;EkB s/ BjhA j'Dk ukjhdk .
fJ;/ soQK g ikp ftZu fJj XzXk pV/ o' o' Bkb uZb fojk j? . ;kv/ gfNnkb/
fjo jh, 1947 t/b/T[ArbK s/ frD/ ikD tkbhnK fJj w[;bwkBh w koK ;B go nZi jo BthA
pDh;Ved/feBko/ns/joBthA fte;s ekb'Bh ftZunkwfwbiKdhnKjB. vha;havpfbT{
d/ n?ANo?A; r/N B/V/ ns/ BthA g[fb; bkfJB d/ ;kjwD/ 1956 sZe e'Jh w ko BjhA ;h. fJBQK

w koK fgZS/fejVh esh ezw eodh j? e"D bzph epo pDkT[Adk j?, joh ukdo feE'A nkT[Adh j?
ns/ fJE/ dk uVQktk feZE/iKdk fJj fJZe r[ZMk G/d j? . id fe j os w[jw
z d ;kfjp dh pDkJh
oQk nB[;ko fJZe y[dk nZr/ M[eD s'A p o? fe;/ j'o p[Zs iK pzd/dh nkgDh pDkJh uh B{zg{iDk
x'o gkg j? .
;qh r[o{ BkBe d/t wjkoki s'A b? e/ d;w/ fgsk sZe brGr 239
;kb r[o{ ;kfjp B/ d[BhnK B{z e/tb fBozeko dk gZbk cVQB dk T[gd/
fdZsk. feT[Afe wBZ[y wkso B{z ngj[zu gow/ o Bkb wkBf;e ;KM gkT[D
dk r[ZMk G/d nkgD/ nkg BjhA nk ;edk . fJ; bJh r[o{ s/ oXk
ft tk; fbnk e/, r[o{ B{z gow/ o dk o{g ikD e/ ns/ r[o{ d/ dZ;/ wkor
nB[;ko gow/ o B{z, fXnkT[D, i; rkfJD eoBk ns/ Xow dh feos eoB
Bkb fJj ekoi ;fji/ f;ZX j' iKdk j? .
ig[ih ;kfjp d/ nozG ftu ;qh r[o{ BkBe d/t wjkoki d/ p / w{b
w sq 1> ;fsBkw[ eosk g[oy[ fBoGT[, fBot?o[ nekb w{ofs ni{Bh ;?Gz r[o
gq;kfd B{z, i/ rj[ Bkb thuko fbnk ikt/ sK fe;/ fe;w d/ Gow G[b/y/
dh r[zikfJ BjhA ofj iKdh .
;qh r[o{ nwodk; wjkoki dk j/mbk gftZso T[gd/
d[fpXk B gVT[ jfo fpB[ j'o[ B g{iT[ wV? w;kfD B ikJh ..
fsq;Bk okfu B go xfo[ iktk fsq;Bk Bkfw p[ M kJh ..
n r 634 ..
noE Lw?A fe;/ d[fpXk ftZu BjhA g?Adk fJZe gow/ o dh g{ik s'A p ?o fe;/
wVQh w;kD s/ BjhA iKdk . nfrnkBsk tZ; fe;/ fe;w dh wkfJnkth
fsq Bk ftZu ou e/, (wkfJe gdkoEK dh fsq Bk, fi; bJh b'e d/th d/
tfsnK wVQhnK w;kDK s/ iKd/ jB), w?A fJe gow/ o B{z SZv e/ fe;/ gokJ/
xo ik do s/ BjhA iKdk . feT[Afe w/ohnK ;kohnK wkfJe gdkoEK dh
fsq Bk fBozeko dk Bkw f;woB eo e/ w[Ze rJh j? .
;qh r[o{okwdk; wjkoki dk fBwBfbys T[gd/ f;Zy irs bJh ukBD w[Bkok j? .
w/o/ wB nk;k efo irdh; r[;kJh ..
i' fpB[ jfo nk; nto ekj{ eh ehi?
;k fBjcb nk; ;G fpoEh ikJh .. n r 859 ..
fJ; pko/ g uw fgsk dk f;ZyK bJh gftZso T[gd/ fJj j? .

r[owfs ;/XK - 140

r[owfs ;/XK - 141

ngBk whs[ ;[nkwh rkJhn? ..

nk; B nto ekj{ eh ehi? ;[ydksk gqG[ fXnkJhn? ..
1.. ojkT[..
..1
;{y w rb efbnkD fi;fj xfo
fs; jh ;oBh gkJhn? ..
fs;fj fsnkfr wkB[y[ i/ ;/tj[
sT[ bki b
b'' B[
j'' fJ
B[ j
fJ ikJhn? .. n r 1214 ..
nkgD/ wkbe B{z rkT[Dk ukjhdk j? . j'o fe;/ s/ nk; BjhA oZyDh
ukjhdh .
fi; e'b ;ko/ ;[Zy s/ [ hnK jB T[;/ dh jh oB b?Dh ukjhdh j?.
nfij/ gow/ o B{z SZv e/ i/ fe;/ j'o tZb Mke oZy' sK ow Bkb gkDh gkDh
j' ikJhdk j? .
nZr/, fJe EK fJZe gow/ o B{z SZv e/ i' j'o fe;/ nZr/ jZE nZvd/
jB r[o{ ;kfjp fJ; soQK ofw dk eod/ jB
fs;fj fsnkfr nkB eT[ ikufj
w[y dzs o;B ;rb xf; ikts ..
o/ wB w{V f;wfo ;[ydksk
BkBe dk; s[Mfj ;wMkts .. n r 1388 ..
d/th d/tfsnK s'A w rD tk;s/ r[o{ ;kfjp dk fdq Nhe'D fJj j? .
d/th d/tk g{ihn? GkJh
fenk wkrT[ fenk d/fj ..
gkjD[ Bhfo gykbhn? GkJh
ib wfj p{vfj s/fj .. n r 637 ..
j/ GkJh w?A d/th d/tfsnK e'b'A eh w rK ns/ w?B{z T[j eh d/ ;ed/
jB < fJj gZEo dhnK w{oshnK d/ d/th-d/ts/ wkfJnk d/ ;kro ftu nkg
jh v[Zp rJ/ . fJj w/ok eh ;tko ;ed/ jB <
GkJh w M gfjbK ;yh ;oto dk ;/te ;h . nkgD/ xo ftZu jh T[; dh epo pDkJh
j'Jh ;h ns/ nkgD/ fg v ftZu ;yh ;oto dk ;G s'A tZvk Grs ;h. g{opb/ eow ikrD s/ id
;qh r[o{noiB d/t wjkoki dh oB ftZu nkfJnk ns/ f;Zyh dkB w frnk sK r[o{;kfjp B/
o[ wkfJnk fe GkJh w M ! f;Zyh T[Zgo f;Zyh BjhA uVQ ;edh . fJ; bJh i/ ;kvh f;Zyh XkoB
eoBh j? sK gfjbK ;yh ;oto s'A Bksk s'V ns/ T[; dh epo xo ftZuA' g[ZN e/ pkjo ;[ZN. r[o{
;kfjp dk puB w BD s/ jh GkJh w M B{z f;Zyh gqkgs j'Jh .

d/thd/tfsnKpko/GrsBkwd/UihdhgftZsopkDhi';qhr[o{rqEz ;kfjpftZudoi
j?, fJj T[gd/ d/ ojh j? .
G?oT[ G{s ;hsbk Xkt? ..
yo pkjB[ T[j[ Sko[ T[vkt? ..
jT[ sT[ J/e[ owJhnk b?jT[ ..
1.. ojkT[ ..
nkB d/t pdbktfB d?jT[ ..
..1
f;t f;t eos/ i' Bo[ fXnkt? ..
pod uY/ vT[o{ Ywekt? ..
wjk wkJh eh g{ik eo? ..
Bo ;? Bkfo j'fJ nT[so? .. n r 874 ..
noE Li' wB[Zy G?o'A dh nokXBk g{ik eodk j? (T[j G?oT[ tork) G{s
pDdk j? ns/ i' ;hsbk d/th dh g{ik tZb d"Vdk j? (T[j wkB ;hsbk
tKr) y's/ dh ;tkoh eodk j? (noEks y's/ d/ Bkb) ;tkj jh T[vkT[Adk j?.
(j/ GkJh !) w?A sK fJZe okw dk Bkw btKrk . j'o ;ko/ d/ts/ fJ;
Bkw d/ pdb/ ftZu d/ fdnKrk. Gkt w?AB{z fe;/ d/th d/ts/ dh b'V BjhA .
i' wB[Zy f t f t eodk f t ih B{z jh fXnkT[Adk j? T[j pbd
T[Zgo uVQ e/ f tih tKr e/tb vwo{ jh tikt/rk .
i' wB[Zy wjK wkJh (gkopsh iK ekbh d/th) dh g{ik eodk j?, T[j
wBZ[y nrb/ iBw ftZu wB[Zy s'A fJ;soh pD e/ ;z;ko ftZu nkt/rk .
fJfsjkf;e gZy'A d/fynK gsk uZbdk j? fe ;qh r[o{ n rd d/t
wjkoki gfjbK d/th g{i ;h . jo ;kb nkgD/ fg v s'A iZEk b? e/ d/th d/
do B eoB iKd/ ;h . id fBozekoh i's ;qh r[o{BkBe d/t wjkoki Bkb G/N j'Jh sK r[o{;kfjp
e'b jh ofj gJ/ . n fwqs t/b/ d/fynk fe fJZe fJ;soh r[o{ ;kfjp d/ xo ftZu MkV{ d/ ojh j?
. GkJh bfjDk ih d/ g[ZSD s/ T[Zso fdsk fe w?A T[j jK fi; d/ do B bJh s{z ik fojk ;h .
w?A ;G dksK fJE'A gqkgs eo e/ jh nZr/tzvdh jK . fJ; soQK GkJh bfjDk d/th dk fgZSk SZv e/
r[o{ xo d/ jh j' rJ/ .
d;w/ fgsk dk ;G bJh fJZe ;zd/ j? LfpB eosko, Bk feqsw wkBT[
nkfd, ni' f B ni? nfpBk;h fsj gq w / o ikBT[ ..
fJe eosko B{z SZv e/ T[; dh ehsh j'Jh feqs (d/th d/ts/ iK g {

r[owfs ;/XK - 142

r[owfs ;/XK - 143

g Sh, do s nkfd) B{z w?A BjhA w Bdk .

i' ;G s'A gfjbK ;h, i' fe;/ i{B ftZu BjhA nkT[Adkl e'Jh T[; B{z
fiZs BjhA ;edk ns/ nfpBk h (Bk BjhA j[zdk) w?A T[; gow/ o B{z ikDdk
jK Gkt w Bdk jK .
kb;/ dh i' gfoGk k iK gfjukD d;w/ fgsk ih B/ dZ;h j? T[j
fJ; soQK j? L
ikrs i's ig? fB; pk;[o
J/e fpBk wB B?e B nkB? ..
g{oB gq/w gqshs ;i? pqs r'o
wVh wN G{b B wkB? ..
shoE dkB dfJnk sg ;ziw
J/e fpBk Bj J/e gSkB? ..
g{oB i's ir? xN w?
sp ykb; skfj Bykb; ikB? ..
noE Li' e/tb fJZe ikrs i's (u/szB) gqG{ B{z fdB oks :kd eodk j?,
fJe gow/ o B{z SZv e/ jo fe;/ B{z fpbe[b jh wB ftZu BjhA fbnkT[Adk.
fi; d/ fjod/ ftZu T[; gqG{ bJh g{oB gq/w j? ns/ Go';k j? ns/ fe;/ fe;w
d/ tos BjhA oZydk, fe;/ epo iK wVQh B{z G[Zb e/ Gh BjhA w Bdk . rzrk,
gj'J/, fsqp?Bh (nbkjkpkd dk ;zrw) nkfd d/ shoEK d/ fJ BkB, p'Xh ns/
i?BhnK torh dfJnk (nfjz;k) (jo gqeko d/ sg), mzv/ gkDh d/ ibXko/,
rowhnK ftZu nZr dk skgB, w'B pqs, fJZe pKj T[Zgo eoe/ iK fJe bZs uZe e/ yV/QofjDk), jo
gqeko d/ ;ziw (b;D, fgnki dk fsnkr nkfd) fJBQK ;kohnK rZbK B{zSZv e/, e/tb fJZe
tkfjr[o{s'A fpBK fJBQK rZbK B{zgfjukDdk Gh BjhA . fi; d/ fjod/ n do gqG{d/ fgnko tkbh
i's bN bN irdh j? sd jh T[; B{z Z[ X kb;k ikfDnk ik ;edk j? .
r[o{;kfjp tZbA' fdZs,/ fJBQK ;gZ N T[gd/ K s'A p/wy
[ j' e/, o/ K tkbh wksk dh i? i? eko
eod/, id r[o{eh w[jo (dkVQh e/; ns/ feogkBXkoh) tkb/ ;ZiDK B{zpkeh fjzdn
{ K Bkb :ksok
eod/ d/yd/ jK iK gfNnkb/ o/ K tkb/ r/N, ekbh d/th d/ do BK bJh bZrhnK eskoK ftZu yVQ/
d/yd/ jK sK wB s/ vkYh ;ZN bZrdh j? .
fJ; d/ d' tZv/ekoB i' ;gZ N B o nkT[Ad/jB fJZe sK fJj fe fJBQK B/ y[Zd r[opkDh
gVQh BjhA, d{;o/ fg vK ftZu ftuo e/ gquko eoB tkb/ ny"sh ;zs ;wki B/ ed/ fJ; pko/ ;gZ N

o{g ftZu gquko eoB dk j"A;bk BjhA ehsk .

f;Zyh;o{gtkb/ny"sh;zs;wkitZbA'ou/ehosBtfynkB;[DBdknB/eKtkow"ek
fwfbnk j? ns/ nZieZbQNhatha u?BbK okjhA nB/eK gy vh d/jXkoh r[on
{ K dk gquko Gh ne;o
;[Dd/ ofjzd/ jK . d'BK d/ gquko ftZu e/tb fJZe jh o e j?, ny"sh f;Zy ;zs ;qh r[o{ rqE
z ;kfjp
dk gqek eod/ jB ns/ d{;o/ BjhA eod/ . pkeh ;G eZM
[ d'BA' gk;/ rZb fJZe jh j? .
fi; soQK j os w[jw
z d ;kfjp d/ n;{bK d/ fto[ZX, w[;bw ghoK d/ T[o; wBkJ/ iKd/
jB ns/ epoK g{ihnK iKdhnK jB . fJ;/ soQK v/od
/ ko ;zs r[o{;kfjp B{zfgZm d/ e/l r[o{;kfjp
d/ g[opK B{zSZv e/ nkgfDnK pkfpnK dhnK po;hnK ns/ iBw fdjkV/ wBQk oj/ jB .
b[fXnkD/ f b/Q ftZu fJZe pj[s tZvk v/ok wjKg[o K dk n;EkB j?, fiE/ ;qh r[o{ rqE
z
;kfjp d/ gqek n;EkB s'A S[N fJZe ;zsK dk G'ok Gh j? . fJ; G'o/ftu ;zsK d/ j'o fBZih ;wkB
s'A fJbktk wjKg[o K d/ eJh i'V/ Gh jB .
G'o/ tkb/ ;/tkdko ;zsK dhnK fJBQK t;sK ns/ i'fVnK d/ do B, oXkb{nK B{zpV/
gqw
/ Bkb eokT[Dr/. go fJj ed/ BjhA ;[fDnk, fe T[BKQ B/ fe;/ B{zfejk j't/fe GkJh ! fJE'A e/tb
v/Y feb'whNo dh ftZE s/ ;qh r[o{jfo r'fpzd ;kfjp dk n;EkB j?, T[E/ r[o{wjkoki dk u'bk,
i'Vk, fBZsB/w dh g'Eh gJh j? T[E/ Gh do B eoB/ ukjhd/ jB .
nZi ;kok f;Zy irs ;qh r[o{rqE
z ;kfjp wjkoki dk gfjbk 400 ;kbk gqek T[s;t
wBk fojk j? go gfNnkb/ e'b fJZe v/o/d/ wkbe nkgD/ pkpk ih dk iBw fdB wBk oj/ jB ns/
irQk irQk fJ fsjko brk e/ ;zrsK B{znkT[D bJh tXhnk bzro dk bkbu Gh d/ oj/ jB .
fJj ;G e[ZM fJ; bJh j' fojk j? feT[Afe n;hA nkgD/ r[o{ ;kfjp dh p h gftso
pkDh B{zgVQd/BjhA iK e/tb gVQd/jK ftukod/ BjhA . ;qh r[o{BkBe d/t wjkoki tko nk;k ftZu
;g N fusktBh d/ oj/ jB .
y;w[ S
S'' fv
470))
fv d{i? br/ v[p/ ;/ tDikfonk .. (n r 470
;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp wjkoki d/ 400 ;kbk gqek fdjkVk wBkT[Dk
sK jh ;b j't/rk i/ n;hA nZi s'A jh ;qh r[o{ ih dk ;fji gkm thuko e/
gVQBk nozG eo d/JhJ/ .
n;hA f;Zy jK s/o/
eJh wjhB/ j'J/ dk; r[od[nkok d{yfBtkoB ;kfjp Nq?eN tzvD dh
;/tk eo fojk ;h, fJZe ;ZiD, T[; dh gsBh fJZe S'Nk bVek d; e[ ;kb
dk ns/ bVeh seohpB g doK e[ ;kb dh, r[od[nkok ;kfjp d/ do B
eoB nkJ/ .
;ZiD ih nkg ns/ bVek e/; ofjs ;B . bVeh d/ ihB dh g?AN,

r[owfs ;/XK - 144

T[Zgo pkjK fpBK u'bh gkJh j'Jh ;h . fi; Bkb nZXk fYZv Bzrk j[d
z k ;h ns/ Bk jh f;o YZeD
B{ze[ZM e'b ;h . dk; dh id B o ;[Gkfte jh bVeh s/ gJh sK ;ji/ jh w{ j'A fBeb frnk
fe p/Nk ! ;oe; d/yD nkJhA j? iK r[od[nkok ;kfjp .
bVeh dh wK efjD bZrh ;odko ih n;hA fes/ fe;/ j'o gk;/ rJ/ ;h tkg;h s/
r[od[nkok ;kfjp e'b dh fBebD bZr/sK wB ftZu nkfJnk fe r[od[nkok ;kfjp Gh wZEk N/e
uZbhJ/ .
rZb sw j' rJh, w?A fco Nq?eN tzvD bZr fgnk . E'VQh d/o fgS'A
bVeh dk fgsk pV/ r[Z;/ ftZu nk e/ efjD bZrk s[;hA bVeh B{z eh efj
fdZsk, T[j o[Z;h p?mh j? fe w?A BjhA n do ikDk .
w?A fBwosk ;fjs fejk fe w/o/ efjD dk Gkt sK fJj ;h fe nro
r[o{ xo nkJ/ j' sK fbpk; Gh Xkofwe n;EkB s/ ikD tkbk ukjhdk j?.
w?A r[owfs nB[;ko jh rZb ejh j? pkeh, pZuh s[jkvh j? Gkt/A uZvh g[nk e/ fbnkU w?Bz eh
{ fJsok
j? . go w/oh rZb :kd oZyDk i/ s[jkvh pZuh dh fJjh ukb Ykb ojh T[j fdB d{o BjhA id fJj
s[jkv/ f;o ftZu ;tkj g[nkt/rh .
;ZiD ih ;Zuh rZb ;[D e/ j'o row j' rJ/ ns/ efjD bZr/. ;kB{z;G gsk j?, w?A Gh
f;Zy jK, n;hA iZN j[d
z / jK, w?A fofbiB dh n?waJ/a gk; jK, w?Bz {;G gsk j? n;hA s[jkv/ tKr{ G/yh
BjhA ;kv/ n do f;Zyh j? .
w?A fco efjD s/ w p{o j' frnk fe tho ih i/ w{bh e'Jh ykJ/rk w{ j
s'A w{bh dh rzX nkt/rh, S'Nh fJbkfJuh ykXh ikt/ sK T[; dh [ p{ fwbdh
j? . s[jkvh n do i' f;Zyh j? T[j GbhGKs s[jkv/ do BK s'A gorN j' ojh j?
. pkeh n do ;oho gkV e/ d/y' n do ;G d/ bj{ fwZM, jZvhnK, uoph ns/
rzd jh j? .
fJZe fdB fJeKs ftZu p?mk ;K ;koh xNBk nZyK nZr'A fBeb
rJh, r[o{ wjkoki dh feogk ;dek j/mbhnK bkJhBK fjod/ ftZu gorN j'
rJhnK .
r[od[nkok n;hA pDktKr/, gZEo Gh b[nktKr/.
eVkj Gh eoktKr/, bzro Gh ubKtKr/ .
;G e[ZM n;hA eoKr/, go pkDh s/oh BjhA gVQBh .
n;hA f;Zy jK s/o/, rZb s/oh BjhA w BDh .
;qkX Gh eoktKr/, r[Zrk Gh wBktKr/ .
j'o ;G dh w BKr/, s/oh rZb BjhA w BDh .

r[owfs ;/XK - 145

n;hA f;Zy jK s/o/, go rZb s/oh BjhA w BDh .

dkVQh Gh eNktKr/, e/; Gh w[zBktKr/ .
iodk Gh yktKr/, p'sb n;hA uVQktKr/ .
d/thnK n;hA w BktKr/, ghoK B{z Gh g{iKr/ .
;G e[ZM n;hA w BKr/, fJe rZb BjhA w BDh .
n;hA f;Zy jK s/o/, go rZb s/oh BjhA w BDh .
tkfjr[o{ ih ek kb;k ..
tkfjr[o{ ih eh sf j ..do
!!!

r[owfs ;/XK - 147

pkp/ dh c[Zb feogk

nkw s"o s/ id'A d' r[of;Zy nkg; ftZu fwbd/ jB sK tkfjr[o{ih ehs
fj iK ;fs
;qh nekb p[bk e/ fJZe d{;o/ dk jkb ukb g[ZSD s/ T[Zso j[d
z k j?, ih r[o{;kfjp dh feogk j?.
ft;sko Bkb gZS
[ D s/ dZf;nk iKdk j? fe e'mh pD rJh j?, bVek gVQ e/ n;o pD frnk j?,
fgZS/fij/ T[; dh kdh ehsh j?. bVeh dh kdh d' ;kb j'J/eo fdZsh ;h, T[; e'b fJZe bVek
j?. fJZe gbkN gfjbK ;h fJZe j'o ohd fbnk j? nrbh ;
b s/ eko b? b?Dh j? ;G gk;/ mhe
jh mhe j?, pkp/ dh c[Zb feogk j?.
nfij/ f;ZyK e'b'A i/ e'Jh g[ZS bt/ fe s[;hA fBZsB/w eod/ j'<
r[odopko ik e/ do B eoe/ ehosB ;[Dd/ j' iK e'Jh ;/tk eod/ j' iK
nzfwqs Se e/ r[o{ tkb/ pD/ j'< T[Zso fwb/rk fe xo d/ ezwK ftZu ftjb jh
BjhA fwbdh. ;t/o/ TZ[m e/ d[ZX fbnkT[Dk j?, pZu/ ;e{b SZv e/ nkT[D/ jB.
xo tkbh Bz{ B"eoh bJh SZv e/ nkT[Dk j?, p ko ikDk j?, j'o eJh xo d/
ezw eoB/ jB, ed/ e'Jh fpb GoBk j? ed/ e'Jh.
p; n;hA sK ;t/o/ T[Zm e/ pkpk ih dh 'N' Bz{ Bw eko eo e/ X{g
fdzd/ jK. ed/ p[ok ezw BjhA eod/, fe; /dk fdb BjhA d[ykT[Ad/. r[opkDh
Gh fJjh T[gd/ fdzdh j?. t?;/ ;kvh xo tkbh id b'V g?Adh j? ;[ywBh
;kfjp dk ubhjk g{ok eodh j?.
;w/A dh ukb Bkb jo uh pdb rJh, ;kvk nkjko, ftjko,
nkuko ns/ ;kvh ;'u Gh pdb rJh. n;hA nkgDh gdkofEe gqkgsh Bz{ jh
ihtB dk be ;wM fbnk j? ns/ fJ; dh ;bsk Bz{ r[o{ dh feogk ;wMh
p?m/ jK. i/ n;hA e/tb fBZsB/w jh r[o{ nk / nB[;ko ;ktXkB fJekro fuZs
j' e/ eo bJhJ/ sK ;wM nkt/rh fe n;hA fJBQK gdkoEK bJh BjhA, pbfe
fe;/ k; wB'oE bJh ;z;ko ftZu nkJ/ jK.
GJh gokgfs wkB[y d/j[ohnk ..
r'fpzd fwbD eh fJj s/oh pohnk ..
ntfo eki s/o? fes? B ekw..
fwb[ ;kX;zrfs Gi[ e/tb Bkw.. (ofjok;)

nkgD/ fi; gotko dhnK wkfJe b'VK ns/ gdkofEe ;[ZyK dh g{osh bJh n;hA fdB
oks yfus j' e/ r[o{tb fgZm eoh p?m/jK r[o{;kfjp c[owk oj/ jB.
J/j[ e[Nzp[ s{ fi d/ydk ub? Bkjh s/o? Bkb/..
;kfE s/o? ub? Bkjh fs;[ Bkfb feT[ fus[ bkJhn?..
n?;k ezw[ w{b/ B ehu? fis[ nzfs gS'skJhn?..
(nBzd[ gT[Vh 11
11)
i/ fgSKj Mks wko e/ d/yhJ/, ;qh r[o{ BkBe d/t wjkoki d/ ;z;ko
ftZu nkT[D s'A gfjbK d[BhnK ;G e[ZM T[j' eo ojh ;h i' nZi n;hA eo oj/
jK. frq;s XkoB eoBk, gqtkfoe b'VK g{ohnK eoB bJh gVQkJh, d[ekBdkoh,
B"eoh, y/sh, ;"dkroh ns/ j'o rZbK ;G T[j' ;B i' nZi jB. uh K d/ e/
tb o{g pdb/ jB. gfjbK b'e ;tkoh bJh x'V/ jkEh oZyd/ ;B nZieZbQ
eko, j?bhegNo ns/ ijk , gfjb'A u{B/ ru rhohnK tkb/ wjbK dh d"V
;h nZieZbQ gZEo NkJhb iK j'o f zrkog[D/ dh. fgSb/ ;w/A ftZu gfjBD
bJh o/ w, yhB ykg ns/ gN dh bkb;k ;h nZieZbQ j'o fe;w d/ ehwsh
egfVnK dh fJfs nkfd.
wB't/r d/ nXhB j' e/ gfjbK wB[Zy b'VK g{ohnK ftZu bZr iKdk
j?, fJ; s'A nZr/ wkfJnk dh uwe ftZu c;e/ fsq Bk ns/ bkbu dk f eko
j' iKdk j? nzs ftZu ihtB d/ n;bh wB'oE Bz{ G[Zb e/ g{oB s"o s/
gdkoEtkdh ;'u dk wkbe pD iKdk j? ns/ be dh gqkgsh bJh ;G eZ[M
T[j eodk j? i' T[; d/ bJh, ;wki bJh jkBhekoe j[zdk j?. pzd/ dh nfijh
d k d/y e/ r[opkDh dZ;dh j? L
ykDk ghDk j;Dk ;T[Dk ft;fo frnk j? woDk..
y;w[ ft;kfo y[nkoh ehBh fXqr[ ihtD[ Bjh ojDk..
(n r 1254)

pj[ gogzu efo go XB[ fbnkt?..

;[s dkok gfj nkfB b[Nkt?..
wB w/o/ G{b/ egN[ B ehi?..
nzfs fBp/ok s/o/ ihn gfj bhi?..
(n r 656
656))
nB/eK gogzu eoe/ gqkDh XB ewkT[Adk j? ns/ T[j XB g[ZsoK ns/
fJ;soh s/ tko fdzdk j?. j/ w/o/ G[Zb/ j'J/ wB egN Bk eo feT[Afe nzs Bz{ b/
yk s/o/ e'b'A jh fbnk ikt/rk.

r[owfs ;/XK - 148

r[owfs ;/XK - 149

fi; soQK pzd

{ pzd
{ Bkb ;kro pD iKdk j? fJ;/ soQK fJZe fJZe wB[Zy eo e/ ;wki ns/
d/ pD iKdk j?. ;' T[Zgo dZ;h ;'u tkb/ wB[Zyh ;wki ns/ ;ko/ d/ tk;hnK dh i/ nfijh
gdkoEtkdh ;'u pD ikt/ sK d/ ftZu Ksh fe; soQK nk ;edh j?. bkbuh ;wki ftZu ed/ J/
esk nk jh BjhA ;edh fJ;/ bJh bkbu, Jhoyk ns/ dt?y ekoB ;kvk d/ pkoK ;" ;kb b
[ kw
fojk.
d/ dh d[orsh dk toBD eofdnK GkJh r[odk; ih fbyd/ jBL
pkpk d/y? fXnkB[ Xfo ibsh ;fG fgqEth fdf; nkJh..
pkM[ r[o{ r[pko[ j?, j? j? eodh ;[Dh b[ekJh..
pkp/ G/y pDkfJnk T[dk;h eh ohfs ubkJh..
ufVQnk ;'XfD Xofs b[ekJh.. (GkL r[Ltko 1$24
24)
fJ; soQK r[o{ BkBe d/t wjkoki B/ uko/ fd ktK ftZu bzp/ gzX
wko e/ wB[Zysk Bz{ :EkoE s'A ikD{ eokfJnk. ft / ftekoK ftZu c;/ ns/
wkfJnk dh j'V ftZu yfus, fJZe fJZe wB[Zy e'b nkg gj[zu e/ ;Zuk
frnkB p e/ ihtB ;bk eoB dh iku f;ykJh.
fco id'A gZe/ s"o s/ eoskog[o ;kfjp fNe rJ/ sK d{o d{o s'A
nkJh ;zrs Bz{ r[opkDh d[nkok T[gd/ d/ e/ ;G dk efbnkD ehsk. fJ;/
soQK nrb/ B"A r[o{ ;kfjp d/ r[opkDh d[nkok p / oZph frnkB dk ;dek
fJZe n?;/ wB[Zyh ;wki dh f;oiDk j'Jh fi; B/ d/ dk fJfsjk; pdb e/
oZy fdZsk.
;qh r[o{ rzqE ;kfjp wjkoki dh ;koh pkDh Bz{ i/ ;zy/g s"o s/ tkuhJ/
sK j/m fbyhnK rZbK tko tko d[jokJhnK rJhnK fwbdhnK jB.
1H
bZy isB eoB Bkb Gh w"s s'A BjhA pu ;edk ns/ ekb s/o/ f;o
s/ yVQk j? e'Jh gsk BjhA ed fJZbQ tKr MgN wko e/ sw eo d/t/.
GkJh o/ fJT[ f;fo ikDj[ ekb[..
fiT[ wSh fsT[ wkD;k gt? nfuzsk ikb ..
55))
(n r 55
sEk
ekb[ fpnkb[ fiT[ gfoU v'b? w[y[ g;ko/ whs..
nki[ ekfb c[fB s'fj rqf; j? ;wfM okyj[ uhfs.. (n r 631)
2H
d[fBnkthgdkoE,XBd"bs,wfjbwkVh,oki;hskes,wkD;fseko;Ge[ZMfJZE/
jh ofj ikDk j? e'Jh uh Bkb BjhA ikt/rh.
XB[ ;zg? wkfJnk ;zuhn? nzs/ d[ydkJh..

xo wzdo wfjb ;tkohnfj feS[ ;kfE B ikJh..

jfo ozrh s[o/ fBs gkbhnfj fes? ekfw B nkJh..
iB bktj[ fus[ jfo Bkw f;T[ nzfs j'fJ ;ykJh..
648))
iB BkBe Bkw[ fXnkfJnk r[ow[fy ;[y[ gkJh.. (n r 648
3H
Bkb ikD tkbh ns/ gob'e ftZu ;jkJh j'D tkbh e/tb fJZe
uh j? gqG{ Bkw.
;kfE B ukb? fpB[ GiB fpfynk ;rbh Sko[..
jfo jfo Bkw[ ewktBk BkBe fJj XB[ ;kfo..
(;[ywBh n Ngdh 19) (n r 288)
s/o? ekfi B frqj[ oki[ wkb[..
s/o? ekfi B fpy? izikb[..
fJ;N whs[ ikD[ ;G Sb?..
jfo jfo Bkw[ ;zfr s/o? ub?.. (n r 889
889))
4H
fJj Bkw dk dksk e/tb ;fsr[o j? j'o fes'A fJj fwb BjhA ;edk.
fJ; bJh r[o{ dh oB g? e/ r[o{ nB[;koh ihtB Ykb e/ ihtB ;bk eo
b?.
r[ow[fy e'Jh ftobk p
p{{M?
M? fi; B' Bdfo eo/fJ ..
r[o fpB[ dksk e'Jh Bkjh py;/ Bdfo eo/fJ..
r[o[ fwfbn? ;Kfs T
T{{gi?
gi? nBfdB[ Bkw[ bJ/fJ..
w/o/ wB jfo nzfwqs Bkw[ fXnkfJ..
;fsr[o[ g[oy[ fwb? BkT[ gkJhn? jfo Bkw/ ;dk ;wkfJ..
(n r 1258)
5H
wB[Zy fJZE/ e/tb wkfJe gdkoE G'rD bJh BjhA, nkfJnk pbfe
r[o{ dh oB g? e/ ft / ftekoK s/ ekp{ gk e/ iBw ;bk eoB bJh
nkfJnk j?.
fJ; bJh r[o{ ;kfjp tko tko f;Zy Bz{ ;wMkT[Ad/ jB fe i/ e[ZM
wzrDk j? sK e/tb joh dk i; ns/ Bkw wzr i' s/o/ b'e gob'e ;jkJh j'D
tkbh uh j? .
wkrBk wkrB[ Bhek jfo i;[ r[o s/ wkrBk.. (n r 1029
1029))
wkrT[ dkB[ mke[o Bkw..

r[owfs ;/XK - 150

r[owfs ;/XK - 151

nto[ eS{ w/o? ;zfr B ukb? fwb? feqgk r[D rkw.. (n r 713)
6H
nkgDh ftZs nB[;ko b'Vtzd dh b'V g{oh eo ns/ ;G Bz{ fJZe
gow/ to d/ g[Zso ;wM e/ ;/tk eo'.
ftfu d[Bhnk ;/t ewkJhn?.. sk dorj p?;D[ gkJhn?.
(n r 26)
r[o{ ;kfjp B/ f;Zy Xow, frq;shnK dk Xow pDkfJnk j?. fJ; bJh
T[BQK fJj BjhA fejk fe ihtB d/ o g{o/ Bk eo' Bk jh fe;/ Bz{ ezw eoB
s'A jNkfJnk j? pbfe T[gd/ fdZsk j? L
T[dw[ eo/fdnk ihT[ sz{ ewktfdnk ;[y Gz[u[..
fXnkfJfdnk sz{ gqG{ fwb[ BkBe T[soh fuzs.. (n r 522
522))
Bk jh fe;/ feZs/ Bz{ TZ[sw iK Bhu fejk j? go fJj fejk j? fe Xow dh
feos eo'.
i/ feo;kBh eoBh j? sK gokJh tZN Ykj e/ nkgD/ Bkb Bk
fwbk ns/ gokJ/ p'jb dh Mke Bk eo. i/ d[ekBdko j?A M{m Bk p'b,
xZN Bk s'b, jbdh ftZu fbZd Bk fwbk, ekbhnK fwouK ftZu gghs/
d/ ph Bk obk fJfs nkfd. i/ B" e oh eodk j? A sK sB d/ j h Bkb B" e oh
eo. i/ e[ o ;h fwbh j? sK fJB;k eo, fo ts b? e/ ns/ nkgDh
e[o;h dk d[oT[g:'r eo e/ fe;/ dk jZe Bk wko.
n?;h ihtB iku ngDkT[D tkb/ pzd/ bJh r[o{ ;kfjp efj oj/ jB
L
fsB ek ykXk g?Xk wkfJnk ;G[ gfts[ jfj i' Bkfw jfo oks/..
fsB e/ xo wzdo wjb ;okJh ;G gfts
gfts[[ jfj
fiBh r[ow[fy ;/te f;y nfGnkrs ikJ/ to;ks/..
fsB e/ s[o/ ihB y[orho ;G gfts[ jfj
fiBh r[ow[fy f;y ;zs ;kX ufV iks/..
fsB e/ eow Xow ekoi ;G gfts[ jfj..
i' p'bfj jfo jfo Bkw[ jfo ;ks/..
(n r 648
648))
j[D thuko dh rZb j? fe pzd/ Bz{ nfijh ;'Mh fet/A nkt/< gdkoEtkd
d/ fuZeV tkb/ N'J/ftZu frfonk pzdk pkjo fet/A fBeb/< ns/ ihtB wB'oE dh bs u'D dk
fJj;k;fet/Ankt/<
;kfonK ;[nkbK dk fJZe' itkp j? r[o{ feogk. r[o{ gow/ o dh

feogk d[nkok jh n?;k ;kXB pDdk j? fe pzd/ dk M[ekn fco pkDh tZb j[d
z k j?. r[o{ dh oB
ftZu nk e/ fco id pzdk r[o{dh wZs nB[;ko pkDh gVQdk j? sK ;'Mh nkT[Adh j? L
fpB[ jfo ekfw B nkts j/..
ik f;T[ okfu wkfu s[w~ bkr/ Uj w'jBh w'jkts j/..
(gzBk 821)
fco id'A r[o{ ;kfjp dh j'o feogk j[zdh j? sK pkDh Bkb fgnko
tXdk j? ns/ pkDh gVQB Bkb fJZe ;[nkd nkT[Adk j?. fiT[A fiT[A fgnko
s/ ;[nkd Bkb pkDh gVQdk j? sK t?okr g?dk j[zdk j?. fiT[A fiT[A t?okr
g?dk j[zdk j? fsT[A fsT[A ;z;koh wkfJe pzXB fYZb/ g?d/ iKd/ jB ns/ wB dk
fsnkr g?dk j[zdk j? ns/ nzs ftZu pkp/ dh c[Zb feogk j[zdh j? sK wBZ[y dh
wkBf;e nt;Ek j[zdh j? Li' Bo[ d[y w? d[y[ Bjh wkB? ..
;[y ;B/j[ no
no[[ G? Bjh ik e/ ezuB wkNh wkB? ..I.. ojkT[..
Bj fBzfdnk Bj T[;sfs ik e? b'G[ w'j[ nfGwkBk..
joy ;'r s/ oj? fBnkoT[ Bkfj wkB ngwkBk ..I..
nk;k wB;k ;rb fsnkr? ir s/ oj? fBok;k..
ekw[ eqX
' [ fij go;? BkfjB fsj xfN pqjw
w[[ fBtk;k ..2 ..
r[o feogk fij Bo eT[ ehBh fsj fJj i[rfs gSkBh ..
BkBe bhB GfJU r'fpzd f;T[ fiT[ gkBh ;zfr gkBh .. 3..
(n r 633-634)
f zdrh ftZu ugVk;h s'A b? e/ ;eZso nj[dk ns/ f;gkjh s'A
ioB?b sZe nB/eK T[BQK pzfdnK Bkb tkj fgnk j? fiBQK s/ r[o{ wjkoki
dh feogk j'Jh j?. d/fynk frnk j? nfij/ pzfdnK d/ wB Ks fujo/ j;z{ j;z{
eod/, wB s/ wz{j s'A [eo [eo eod/ w[;hpsK ftZu nv'b ns/ ;G Bkb
Goksoh Gkt tkbk fgnko ns/ ;G Bz{ ;[Zy gj[zukT[D bJh T[sktb/ ofjzd/
jB.
Bjh gqtkj eod/ je{ws d/ vo dh, efj fdzd/ jB Lskfj ejk gotkj ekj{ eh ik e? p;hf; XfoU r[fo jE[.. (n r 1405
1405))
id'A e'Jh wkfJnk dk bkbu fdzdk j? sK GkJh oDXho f;zx ih (id tkndk w[nk
rtkj pDB bJh fejk frnk) tKr efj fdzd/jB.
fiB ;oXk okw Bkfw fbt brh

r[owfs ;/XK - 152

r[owfs ;/XK - 153

fsB~ d{i? fus[ B bkfJnk okw..

i/ Xosh ;G ezuB[ efo dhi?
(n r 444)
fpB[ Bkt? nto[ B GkfJnk okw..
r[o{ dh feogk d/ gkso pD/ fJj woihtV/ b'e bZik dh ezpbh
bkj, tZvhnK gdthnK gqkgs eo e/ Gh r[o{ xo i'fVnK dh ;/tk, bzro dh
;/tk ns/ dhtkB ftZu ;zrsK bJh gZy/ dh ;/tk eod/ d/y/ ik ;ed/ jB.
fJBQK B/ nkgDk sB wB XB nogD eo e/ fgzrbtkV/ ubk nkgD/ r[o{ dh
tfvnkJh eok e/ b'eK e'b'A ejk fdZsk, p/ e;K ok :ko r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx@
go nkg fBwkD/ ;/te jh pD/ oj/.
iK fco d/ dhnK ;ojZdK s/ ikBK tko e/ nfij/ ekoBkw/ eo
fdykJ/ fe d[BhnK n n eo T[Zmh. S/ wjhB/ dk ok B ns/ r'bk pko{d
j[zd/ j'J/ BZp/ j ko t?oh dh "i s'A jfEnko ;[Ntk e/ ;z;ko dk foekov
ekfJw eo fdZsk. fJBQK e[ZM eoB fgZS'A Gh r[o{ d/ Bkw d/ wstkb/ iBob
irihs f;zx no'V/ B/ izr fiZsD fgZS'A gNBk ;kfjp d/ s s ;kfjp s'A
;o'gk gqkgs eo e/ fejk, fe fJj ;G e[ZM r[o{ dh feogk Bkb jh j'fJnk j?
ns/ ;kps eo fdZsk.
ikfw r[o{ j'fJ tfb XBfj fenk rkot[ fdifJ.. (n r 1399
1399))
i/ r[o{ nkgD/ tZb j't/ sK d{i/ gk;/ fezBk jh XB gdkoE j't/ T[j
eh uh j? <
ikfw r[o{ j'fJ tfb by pkj/ fenk feifJ.. (n r 1399
1399))
i/ r[o{ nkgD/ tZb j't/ sK d[ wD dhnK bZyK pkjK eh eo ;edhnK
jB<
nekb s s s'A GkJh ;kfjp dk f skp gk, :{Bhtof;Nh s'A vkeNo
dh fvroh jk;b eo e/ ns/ Gkos ;oeko s'A gdw G{ B dh T[gkXh gqkgs
eo e/, id n ho ftZu nfGBzdB rqzE gqkgs eoB bJh pzpJh rJ/ ns/ ;N/
i ;?eNoh d/ tko tko p/Bsh eoB T[gozs id GkJh tho f;zx ih ;N/i s/
rJ/, ;zrs Bz{ sfj p[bk e/ r[opkDh dhnK j/m fbyhnK s[eK gVQ e/
nkgDh irQk p?m rJ/.
i' jwoh fpfX j'sh w/o/ ;fsr[ok ;k fpfX s[w jfo ikDj[ nkg/..
jw o[bs/ fcos/ e'Jh pks B g{Ssk r[o ;fsr[o ;zfr eho/ jw Ekg/..
XzB[ XzB[ r[o{ BkBe iB e/ok fis[ fwfbn? u{e/ ;fG ;'r ;zskg/..

(n r 167
167))
jK ih\ r[o{ id [ j' e/ f;Zy s/ feogk eod/ jB sK nkgD/ f;Zy Bz{
wkfJnk d/ fuZeV ftZu c;kT[Ad/ BjhA, pbfe wkfJnk d/ pzXB eZN e/ ft /
ftekoK s'A pukT[Ad/ jB. Bkw XB p e/ f;Zy dk b'e gob'e ;tkod/ jB.
;fsr[o[ f;y e/ pzXB ekN?..
r[o ek f;y[ fpeko s/ jkN?..
;fsr[o[ f;y eT[ Bkw XB[ d/fJ..
r[o ek f;y[ tvGkrh j/..
;fsr[o[ f;y ek jbs[ gbs[ ;tko?..
(n r 286
BkBe ;fsr[o[ f;y eT[ ihn Bkfb ;wko?..
286))
j[D nrbk ;[nkb fJj g?dk j[zdk j? fe r[o{ dh feogk gqkgs fet/
A j't/ sK i' fJj ;koh y/v dk nBzd n;hA Gh wkD ;ehJ/. r[opkDh d/
nfXn?B s'A ns/ feogk d/ gkso pD e/ ;b ihtB fiT{D tkb/ r[of;ZyK
d/ dZ;D nB[;ko, fJZe' fJZe sohek f;Zy bJh j? nodk;. nodk; eoBh j?
ns/ fe; soQK eoBh j?, fJj XzB r[o{ okwdk; wjkoki n r 167 s/ nkg eo
e/ dZ;d/ jB fe GkJh fJ; soQK r[o{ ns/ gow/ o nZr/ fJj jw/ K fBozso
eod/ oj'.
ezuB Bkoh wfj ihT[ b[Gs[ j? w'j[ whmk wkfJnk..
j/ gow/ o ih w/ok wB ;'B/ ns/ fJ;soh ftZu y[fGnk j'fJnk j? ns/
wkfJnk d/ w'j Bz{ fwZmk ikD e/ fJ; ftZu cf;nk j'fJnk j?.
xo wzdo x'V/ y[;h wB[ nB of; bkfJnk..
w/o/ wB Bz{ wfjb, x'V/ (nZieZbQ ekoK) gk e/ [ h j[zdh j? iK nkgD/
wB Bz{ j'o ihG d/ ;[nkdK ftZu bkfJnk j'fJnk j?.
jfo gqG[ fufs B nktJh feT[ S{Nk w/o/ jfo okfJnk..
1..
okfJnk..1
w?Bz{ gow/ o dh :kd fpbe[b BjhA nkT[Adh sK w?A fJ; wkfJnk dh
e?d ftZu'A fet/A S[N ;edk jK.
w//o/ okw fJj Bhu eow jfo w/o/..
j/ tkfjr[o{ih fJj w/o/Bhu eow jB.
r[Dtzsk jfo jfo dfJnkb[ efo feogk pyf; ntrD ;fG w/o/.. ojkT[..
j/ gow/ o ih s[;hA r[DK d/ Gzvko j' ns/ fdnkb{ ;[Gk tkb/ j'. w/
o/ s/ feogk eoe/ w/o/ ;ko/ ntr[D p d/t' ih.

r[owfs ;/XK - 154

r[owfs ;/XK - 155

feS[ o{g Bjh feS[ ikfs Bkjh feS[ Yzr[ B w/ok..

w/o/ e'b Bk e'Jh r[DK dh ;[zdosk j? Bk jh w/oh ;fs;zrhnK tkbh
T[Zuh iks j? ns/ Bk jh w?Bz{ e'Jh ihtB dk nZSk Yzr nkT[Adk j?.
fenk w
w[[j[ b? p'bj r[D fpj
fpj{{B Bkw[ ifgnk B s/ok..
Bk w/o/ e'b e'Jh r[D j? Bk jh s/ok Bkw ifgnk j? w?Bz{ sK nodk;
eod/ Bz{ th ow nkT[Adh j? fe w?A fejVk wz{j b? e/ nodk; eoK.
jw gkgh ;zfr r[o T[po/ g[zB[ ;fsr[o e/ok..
w/o/ tor/ nB/e gkgh r[o{ g{o/ dh ;zrs eo e/ gko j' rJ/. fJj
;fsr[o{ ih dk jh g[zB j? ns/ w?Bz{ fJjh fJZe nk; j?.
;G[ ihT[ fgzv[ w[y[ Be[ dhnk tosD eT[ gkDh..
j/ tkfjr[o{ ih s[;hA ngko feogk eoe/ w?Bz{ fizd fdZsh. ;'jDk wz{j,
BZe nkfd fdZsk ns/ tosD bJh nBw'b gkDh fdZsk j?.
nzB[ ykDk egV[ g?BD[ dhnk o; nfB G'rkDh..
ykD bJh nzB gfjBD bJh eZgV/ ns/ j'o nB/e soQK d/ o; G'rD
bJh fdZs/ jB.
fifB dhJ/ ;[ fufs Bk nktJh g;{ jT[ efo ikDh..
go w?A g { fposh ftZu nk e/ fJBQK ;kohnK uh K Bz{ nkgDh wZs
Bkb gqkgs ehshnK ikD e/ d/D jko gow/ o Bz{ fus ftZu BjhA fbnkT[Adk.
;G[ ehsk s/ok tosdk s{z nzsoikwh..
;G e[ZM s[jkv/ j[ew nzdo jh j' fojk j? s[;hA nzsoikwh ;kv/ fdbK
d/ nzdo d/ G/d ikDB tkb/ j'.
jw izs ftuko/ fenk eoj ;G
;G[[ y/b[ s[w ;[nkwh ..
j/ tkfjr[o{ ih n;hA ftuko/ iht-izs eh eo ;ed/ jK. fJj ;G
s[jkvk y/b j? Gkt/A fe;/ Bz{ f;ZX/ o;s/ gk d/t' iK fe;/ Bz{ gZ[m/ o;s/.
iB BkBe[ jkfN ftjkfMnk jfo r[bw r[bkwh ..
efjzd/ jB r[o{ okwdk; ih, gow/ o nZr/ ej' fe n;hA s/o/ iB s/o/
w[Zb ohd/ r'b/ jK ns/ s[jkvh [bkwh eoBk ;kvk ezw j? ih. fJ; bJh
r'b/ s/ B o eo' ns/ bki oZy' ih.
f;nkD/ nkyd/ jB fe o' gkDh eZYD tkb/ xV/, gZeh w"D s/ yZvk gk fdzd/jB. o'
fyZuD tkbh oZ;h Bkb gZEo s/ xk; g? iKdh j?. eh o' dh ehsh nodk; Bkb r[o{ [ j' e/
feogk BjhA eo/rk< id fe GkJh r[odk; ih fbyd/ jB fe L

uoB ;ofB r[o J/e g?Avk ikfJ ub,

;fsr[o e'fN g?Avk nkr/ j'fJ b/s j?. (efpZs 111
111))
ns/ ;qh r[o{ noiB d/t wjkoki ;qh okr ftZu n r 73 s/ fJ;/
soQK nkyd/ jB L
w? pXh ;u[ Xow ;kb j?.. r[of;yk bjdk Gkfb e?..
w?A d[Bhnk Bz{ Xow f;ykT[D bJh fBowb gzE o{gh Xow;kb pDkJh
j? ns/ Yz{v Yz{v e/ r[of;ZyK Bz{ fbnkT[Adk jK.
g?o X'tk gyk c/odk fs;
fs;[[ fB
fBfft fB
fBff t brk gkfJ ihT[.. (n r 73
73))
r[o{ BkBe ;Zu/ gks kj dh pDkJh fJ; Xow;kb ftZu nkT[D
tkfbnK r[of;ZyK d/ w?A g?o X' e/, gZyk c/o e/ ;/tk eodk jK ns/ M[e M[e e/
g?ohA g?Adk jK. (;qh nzfwqs;o fggbh ;kfjp d/ n;EkB s/ r[o{ ;kfjp B/ eo
e/ fdykfJnk j?) nkU nkgK ;ko/ n?;/ fdnkb{ feogkb{ r[o{ d/ nZr/ oXk
GktBk Bkb jZE i'V e/ p/Bsh eohJ/.
efo feogk feogkb nkg/ pyf; b?..@ (n r 961
961))
!!!

r[owfs ;/XK - 157

10a

gqG{ fgnkfonK d/ puB

11a
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n? iht ! ikr !! ;"D dk t/bk BjhA feT[Afe s/o/fgZS/o'r, p[Yg

/ k ns/ w"s bZr/j'J/jB
.
;z;ko ftZu n?;k e'Jh wzso-izso BjhA i' w"s o{gh ;Zg d/ vzr s'A
puk ;e/ .
;wK pVh s/ h Bkb ub fojk j?, id fJZE'A dh jo fJZe uh pdb
ojh j? sK n;hA wB[Zy fe; soQK fJZe ;ko ofj ;ed/ jK <
dkdk ubk frnk, wksk-fgsk ub/ rJ/, G?D-Gok e[ZM ub/ rJ/ jB
ns/ e[ZM ikD dh fsnkoh ftZu jB, fJ; soQK j'o ;ke ;B/jh s/
rbh w[jZb/ tkb/ ubd/ ik oj/ jB, go j?okBrh dh rZb t/y' ! fJj
wB[Zy nkgD/ nkg B{z n;fEo (jw/ K ofjD tkbk) jh w Bh ik fojk j?
.
wB[Zy dh T[wo fJZe o;h dh soQK j? fi; B{z fdB ns/ oks (fuZN/ ns/
ekb/ d' u{j/) eZN oj/ jB ns/ oZ;h S'Nh j[zdh ik ojh j? . go j?okBh
dh rZb t/y' fiT[A-fiT[A fdB bzxd/ ik oj/ jB, wB[Zy ;wMdk j? fe
w?A tZvk j' fojk jK .
w"s wB[Zy B{z fJ; soQK u[Zg uZ[ghs/ u[Ze e/ b? iKdh j? fit/A fpZbh u{j/
B{z, go gsk BjhA wB[Zy fco th rbs (bkgqtkjh) dh BhAd s'A BjhA
T[Zmdk .
;z;ko d/ ;ke-;zpzXh, XhnK-g[Zs ;ko/ woxN sZe jh s/o/ Bkb j'Dr/
, fJ; s'A nZr/ s/ok ;kEh e"D j'J/rk< edh fJj th ;'funk Jh <
w"s goSKt/A tKr jo t/b/ wB[Zy d/ Bkb j?, gsk BjhA T[; B/ fe; t/
b/ nk dpkT[Dk j? . fJ; bJh fizBh B/eh eo ;edk J/A, eo b?,
feT[Afe fJ;/ B/ jh ezw nkT[Dk j? .
fJ; d[BhnK ftZu s/o/ uzr/-wzd/ ezw jh s/o/ d';s ns/ d[ wD jB . s/
oh B/eBkwh ns/ pdBkwh dk ekoD th fJj s/o/ ezw jB . fJ; eo e/
e'Jh ezw eoB s'A gfjbK uzrh soQK ;'u ns/ thuko b?Dk ukjhdk j?

12a

13a

14a

15a

16a

.
fJ; d[ZyK-eb/ K s/ n"fynkJhnK Go/ ihtB ftZu fJZe B/eh jh n?;h
uh j? i' ;kB{z ;dhth [ h d/ ;edh j? . go gsk BjhA wB[Zy dk wB
fco th pdh tZb feT[A M[edk j? ns/ B/eh tZb'A jNdk j? <
Bkw igDk ns/ B/eh eoBh fJj d' uZg{ s/oh fe sh B{z T[; ezY/
sZe gj[zuk ;ed/ jB fiZE'A s?B{z ;dhth ;[Zy s/ w[esh fwb/ .
fijVk wB[Zy ;[;sh d/ ekoB Bkw igD ns/ B/eh d/ ezwK B{z jZE'A
rtk d/Adk j? T[j T[; nDikD tKr j? i' dfonk d/ ezY/ s/ p?m e/ th
nkgDh fgnk; BjhA p[Mk ;edk, go';/ j'J/ Ekb B{z nZr/ oZy e/ th
G[Zy d{o BjhA eo ;edk .
fi; B{z fJj BjhA gsk fe B/eh eh uh j?, ;wM' T[j nkgD/ p [orK
dk ;fseko jh BjhA eodk . T[; B{z d{finK Bkb fttjko eoBk th
BjhA nkT[Adk . T[j sK g {nK tKr g/N GoB bJh izfwnk j? .
;/tk-T[geko s/ oZp dh Grsh T[;/ t/b/ jh j' ;edh j? fi; t/b/
;oho no'r j't/ . id ;oho o'rh j' ikJ/, skes Bk oj/ ns/ p[Y/
gk nk ikJ/ sK ;/tk-T[geko, Grsh fe; soQK j' ;edh j? < fJ;
eoe/ r[o{ wjkoki efjzd/ jB Lip br[ iok1 o' r [2 Bjh nkfJnk ..
ip br[ ekfb3 rq;h Bjh ekfJnk4 ..
ip br[ fpeb5 GJh Bjh pkBh6 ..
Gfi b/fj o/ wB ;kforgkBh7 ..
np B Gif; Gif; ep GkJh .. (n r 1159
1159))
1a p[Y/gk 2a phwkoh 3a w"s 4a ;oho 5a fEVeD 6a p'b
7a gqG{
vZv{, ehfVnK d/ cVB bJh T[Sbdk-e[Zddk j? . p/fceoh Bkb
Ng{;hnK wkodk fcodk j? go fJ; rZb B{z G[Zb frnk j[zdk j? fe
T[; B{z fBrbD bJh w{zj nZvh ;Zg p?mk j? . wB[Zy ft / ftekoK
d/ nXhB j' e/ jo ;w/A b[ZN-y;[ZN eoB, ns/ d{finK B{z d[Zy d/
D u bZrk j'fJnk BjhA ikDdk fe w"s d/ w {j u g? e/ w?A th nkgDk
BK fB kB rtk b?Dk j? .
fdb dh ;kJh-;ukJh s/ B/e Bhsh Bkb GbkJh dk ehsk fBZek

r[owfs ;/XK - 158

17a
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20a

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28a

fijk ezw, ihtB Go fdykt/ bJh ehs/ B/eh d/ ezwK Bkb'A j koK r[DK uzrk j[d
z k j? .
tk Bk ofjs B/eh s/ T[geko dk E'VkQ fijk ezw th nDw[Zbk ezw j?.
fe;/ dk p[ok iK Gbk nkyD s/ fBok; iK [ Bk j', BjhA sK nkgD/
nkdo B{z gqkgs BjhA eo ;e/Ark.
[ kwdhnK dhnK rZbK ;[De/ jzeko Bk eo, BjhA sK i' e[M s/o/ jZE
ftZu j? T[; B{z rtk p?Am/rk .
;[fjodsk, ;ZfGnsk, d{o-do sk, ;ziw, db/oh, bZfink ns/
gftZso fdb tkbk j'Dk, T[Zu/ kBdkB tkb/ b'eK d/ r[D wzB/
rJ/ jB .
nkgD/ fdb B{z T[; gk;/ BKj bkU fi; s'A wzd/ fynkb fdb ftZu
T[sg B j'D . nkgD/ fdb B{z jw/ K B/eh s/ GbkJh d/ ezwK ftZu
bkU . ;G s'A tZvh B/eh Bkw j? . fJ; bJh ;dk Bkw ftu, f;woB
ftZu bZrD dh e' eo' .
T[j b'e gq;z;k :'r jB i' wB eoe/, puBK (p'bK) eoe/ ns/ eowK
(ezwK) eoe/ p[ok BjhA eod/ iK p[ok BjhA fustd/ .
T[j b'e gq;z;k :'r jB fiBQK B/ wzdhnK tk Bk s/ fsq Bk s'A
S[Nekok gk fbnk j? .
T[j b'e th gq;z;k :'r jB fiBQK B/ LwB ng[B/ s/ p[ok fwNkBk ..
g/y? ;rb f;q;fN ;kiBk .. (n r 266)
dh XkoBk pDk bJh j? .
;G s'A uzrk rfjDk uzrk ;[GkU j? .
feokJ/ d/ wekB s/ b'eh b'V s'A tZX fXnkB BjhA fdzd/ s/ BKj jh
b'V s'A tZX T[; T[s/ ou eod/ jB.. ;kvk ;oho o{j d/ mfjoD
bJh E'VQ/ fuo bJh fNekDk (wekB j?) . fBok fJ;/ dk jh fXnkB
eod/ ofjDk iK fJ;d/ pDkU f zrko ftZu jh br/ ofjDk e'Jh
f;nkDg BjhA .
;oho, fdb ns/ ihG fszBK s'A j'D tkb/ bs ezw s'A wB[Zy B{z nkg
jh sebh T[mkT[Dh g?Adh j? . i/ fJBK B{z ekp{ ftZu oZy bt/ sK
;z;ko B{z th sebh s'A puk ;edk j? .
wkb-XBdkfgnko,;zpXz hnKdkw'js/tfvnkJhdhukjBk,gowkoEd/okjftZufJj

r[owfs ;/XK - 159

29a
30a
31a
32a
33a
34a
35a
36a
37a
38a
39a
40a
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42a
43a

fszB T[Zu/gjkV jBl fJBQK B{zbzx e/ npub Broh ftZu g[Zihdk j? .

sbtko dk w fwb ikJ/rk, pzde
{ dh r'bh dk cZN Go ikJ/rk go e"V/ tkeK dk
w ed/ BjhA fwb/rk, fJ; eoe/ ed/ e[pb
' B p'b' .
(T)
d[BhnK ftZu s s s/ e"D fpmKdh j? < pkB.
(n)
d[BhnK ftZu s s/ s/ e"D fbNKdh j? < pkB.
[bkw e"D j? < i' wB[Zy wB d/ nXhB j? .
;[szso e"D j? < fi; B/ wB s/ ekp{ gk fbnk.
t?oh e"D j? < wB[Zy d/ nkgD/ f nkb ns/ eow .
fwZso e"D j? < uzrk ;[GkU s/ uzr/ eow .
;[Zsk e"D j? < i' gqwkoE B{z G[Zb frnk j? .
ikrdk e"D j? < i' tkfjr[o{ Bkb fgnko eodk j? .
XBh e"D j? < fi; B{z ;zs'y j' frnk j? .
w[Eki e"D j? < fi; dhnK b'VK tZX ojhnK jB .
p[ok e"D j? < i' gVQ ;[D e/ nwb BjhA eodk.
v'ok (p'bk) e"D j? < i' GbkJh dh rZb BjhA ;[Ddk .
r{zrk e"D j? < i' ihG ftZu esh j'D s/ th tkfjr[o{ dk Bkw BjhA
igdk s/ fe;/ d/ Gb/ dh rZb BjhA ;[Ddk .
nzBQK e"D j? < i' ;op ftnkge gqG{ B{z BjhA d/ydk .
tos eh j? < p[ohnK tk BK s'A wB B{z o'eDk .

e'Jh B p/bh j'fJ s/ok

gkg ewktfdnk s/ok e'fJ B p/bh okw ..
e'fJ B p/bh j'fJ s/ok ;dk gS'sktj/ .. (n r 546
546))
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
pj[ gog u1 efo go XB[ fbnkt? .
;[ s2 dkok3 gfj nkfB b[Nkt? ..
wB w/o/ G{b/ egN[ B ehi?
n fs fBp/ok5 s/o/ ihn6 gfj bhi? .. (nzr 656
656))
1a mZrhnK ubkehnK 2a g[Zso 3a tj[Nh
4a X'yk 5a b/yk (fj;kp-feskp) 6a f d
z
r[o{ s'A fpBK w[esh BjhA
1a
ws e' Gofw G[b? ;z;kfo

r[owfs ;/XK - 160

r[owfs ;/XK - 161

r[o fpB[ e'fJ B T[sof; gkfo.. (nzr 864

864))
2a
ej[ BkBe gqfG fJj? iBkJh ..
fpB[ r[o w[efs B gkJhn? GkJh.. (nz r 864
864))
3a
fpB[ ;fsr[o feB? B gkfJU
fpB[ ;fsr[o feB? B gkfJnk.. (tko nk;k)
f;Zy Xow ftZu r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih dh j {oh ftZu g iK fgnkfonK s'A
n fwqs Se e/ nzdobh ns/ pkjobhnK ofjsK dk XkoBh j'Dk jh r[o{
XkoB eoBk j[zdk j? .
wksk fgsk dh ;/tk pko/
i' b'e wksk-fgsk dh ;/tk BjhA eod/, go j'o dkB g[ B eod/ fcod/
jB, shoE :ksok iK j'o Xow d/ ezw eod/ jB, T[BQK pko/ GkJh
;kfjp r[odk; ih d/ puB fJ; soQK jB L(:kd ot/ fe GkJh ;kfjp dh pkDh B{z r[opkDh dh e[zih fejk frnk j?)
wK fgT[ gojfo ;[D? t/d[ G/d[ B ikD? eEk ejkDh.
1a
(wkfgnK B{z fsnkr e/ Xow g[;se ;[D/ (T[j T[BQK dk G/d) BjhA
ikD/rk .
wK fgT[ gojfo eo? sg[ tDy fv G[bk fco? fppkDh.
2a
(wK fgT[ B{z fsnkr e/ pDK fty/ ik e/ i' ig sg eodk j?, T[j
phnkpkBK fty/ G[Zbk fcodk j? Gkt nkgD/ ;o{g o{gh xo B{z BjhA
gj[zudk .)
wK fgT[ gojfo eo? g{i[ d/th d/t B ;/t ewkDh.
3a
(wK fgT[ B{z SZv e/ g{ik eodk j?, T[; dh ;/tk ewkJh B{z d/ts/ th
BjhA wzBd/)
wK fgT[ gojfo B
z DtkDh.
BQQktDk
4a
ktDk nm;fm shoE x[w
(wK fgT[ B{z SZv e/ i' nm;m (68) shoEK fty/ fJ BkB eodk j?
T[j (wkD') x[zwDtkDh fty/ r's/ yKdk j?)
wK fgT[ gojfo eo? dkB p/JhwkB nfrnkB gokDh..
5a
(wK fgT[ B{z SZv e/ i' j'o dkB eodk j? T[j (p/JhwkB) nXowh
ns/ nfrnkBh gqkDh j? .
wK fgT[ gojfo tos efo wfo wfo izw? Gow G[bkDh..
6a
(wK fgT[ B{z SZv e/ tos B/w eoBjkok (u[ok;h bZy i{BhnK) fty/

Gow dk G[bk j'fJnk fgnk fcodk j? .

r[o[ gow/;o[ ;ko[ B ikDh .. (tko 37 gT[Vh 13
7a
13)
(r[o[ ns/ gow/ o dh T[; B/ ;ko BjhA iksh)
Gkt L- fi; ftZu T[geko dh feqsZrsk BjhA, wkfgnK i?;/ e[dosh fgnkfonK
dk w'j fi; ftZu fyZu BjhA gkT[Adk, T[j i' eow eodk j? e/tb
fdykt/ :k jT[A d/ pzX ftZu, T[j ;ko/ fB;b jB . feT[Afe T[; d/
;oho d/ T[gekoh ;zs[ N BjhA jB T[; go r[o{ s/ gow/ o ohM ;ed/
jB <
(Nhek frL j kok f;z x ih)
r[o{ okwdk; ih nkgD/ g[Zso fgqEh uzd B{z efjzd/ jB Lekj/ g{s Mros jT[ ;zfr pkg
fiB e/ iD/ pvho/ s[w jT[
fsB f;T[ Mros gkg .. (n r 1200
1200))
gqG{ fgnko/
gqG{ fgnko/ T[j jh j[zd/ jB, i' gqG{ dhnK p/nzs p K dk ;[ZynBzd wkDd/ j'J/, [eokB/ ti'A T[; dh f;s-;bkj (f;woB) ftZu
jo ;w/A ofjzd/ jB ns/ fe;/ Bk fe;/ sohe/ Bkb b[ekJh dh ;/tk th
eod/ ofjzd/ jB . r[o{ BkBe d/t r'fpzd o{g ;B . fJ; bJh T[BQK d/
T[gd/ K (r[opkDh) nB[;ko ihtB-ihT{D tkb/ th gqG{ fgnko/ j[zd/
jB fiBQK dh ;zrs, puBK ouBk ns/ T[gekoK ;dek eJhnK dk
Gbk j[zdk j? .
w;s{nkB/ tkb/ ;zs nso f;zx ih fejk eod/ ;B L
1a
Bkw igDk gqkDh wkso dk w[Zy Xow j? . Bkw dk jo ;w/A g{o/
T[s kj Bkb j {oh ftZu ikg eoB Bkb fJe ndG[s esh g?dk
j[zdh j? .
2a
Bkw f;woB dh ftXh - nekb g[oy dh j {oh ftZu sEk T[; B{z
fjod/ ftZu jk o Bk o ;wM e/ [o{ ftZu o;Bk Bkb igDk - j'm
ns/ fijpk j"bh-j"bh fjbd/ ofjDk ns/ tkfjr[o{ pd dk fJZe
o; T[ukoB eoh ikDk .
c/o j'm pzd j"bh-j"bh tkfjr[o{ pd ;[os ftZu igh ikDk .
sh;ok doik ;[nk;K d[nkok - ;[nk; nzdo ikt/ sK tkfj Bkb

r[owfs ;/XK - 162

3a
4a
5a
6a

7a
8a

ikt/ ns/ pkjo nkt/ sK r[o{ Bkb nkt/ . pkjfo Ghsfo J/e'ikBj[ fJj[ r[o frnkB[
pskJh - (n r 684
684)
fJ; soQK igfdnK igfdnK ns[ZN nfGnk; d/ wro'A ;[Zs/ ;fji jh
u"Eh nt;Ek nk iKdh j? fi; ftZu ;[os pd fJZe j' iKd/ jB .
fBZsB/w jo o' eoBk ukjhdk j? . fBZsB/w f;Zyh dh g{zih j?, d"bs
ns/ ikfJdkd j? .
nksw gd foZXh f;ZXh s'A pj[s nZr/ j? .
;/tk s'A p ?o wB ftZu fBwosk BjhA nkT[Adh .
;pd[ r[o{ ;[ofs X[fB u/bk T[uko e/ ;g N efonk eod/ ;B fe
nkfd s'A nzs sZe pd jh r[o{ j?. d/j (;oho) Bk ed/ r[o{ j'Jh Bk
ed/ j't/rh fJ; bJh d/j dh g{ik eoBk mhe BjhA .
fe;/ d/ p'b e[p'b ;jkoBk sgK f;o sg j? .
Ksh Ud'A j't/rh id'A jo gqkDh nzfwqs t/b/ T[Zm e/ fJ BkB eo/ ns/
Bkw-pkDh ns/ ehosB ftZu i[V./
dod Goh i'dVh
;G B{z gsk j? fe 1984 d/ ;kek Bhbk skok t/b/ jfowzdo ;kfjp dh
f;Zy o? o ? A ; bkfJpq / o h dk nBw' b kBk Gkosh " i u[ e e/ b? rJh
i' fe ni/ sZe tkg; BjhA ehsk .
d{;o/ gk;/ r[o{ ;kfjp Bkb ;zpzfXs, n;EkBK dhnK seohpB ;kohnK
fJfsjkf;e fB kBhnK, eko ;/tk tkb/ pkfpnK B/, r[od[nkfonK
dh Bt T[;koh t/b/ fwNk fdZshnK jB . fi; B{z f;Zy ;zrsK w{edo e
pD e/ io ojhnK jB .
j[D fJZe j'o rfjoh ;kfi nXhB, g[okD/ fJfsjkf;e, d[obZG
d;skt/ , jZE fbys g'EhnK, r[Ne/, ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp wjkoki d/
gktB ;o{gK B{z fpoX x'f s eo e/ ;;eko eoB dh ukb uZbh ik
ojh j? sK fe nkT[D tkbhnK B;bK bJh f;Zy fJfsjk; fjzd{ Xow
dh soQK fJZe fwZE pDk fdZsk ikt/ .
id po'N/ dk doys jh sw eo fdZsk sK e"D w B/rk fe uKdBh
u"Ae ftZu, fiE/ j[D ;h; rzi r[od[nkok j? T[E/po'N/j/mK ;qh r[o{s/r pjkdo ;kfjp B{z
jhd ehsk frnk ;h < uwe"o dh eZuh rVQh dhnK fB kBhnK w/N e/ ;zrwowo dk
r[od[nkok pDkT[D fgZSA'e"D :ehB eo/rk fe fJE/ eZuh rVQh ftZu p?m e/ d;w/ fgsk B/

r[owfs ;/XK - 163

d; bZy t?oh dk w[ekpbk ehsk .

fco fJ; ;koh ;ki B{zg{ok eoB bJh g i fgnkohnK dh nrtkJh ftZu gkbeh s/
fpokiwkBeoe/BroehosBdh ebftZutkfinKrkfinKBkbfJ;soQKehskik
fojk j? fe fe;/ B{z Ze jh B gt/ e/ fJj nkg j[dok ezw j? d{;ok, nBG'b r[of;Zy ;zrsK
dh GktBk nZr/ e'Jh p'bD dh fjzws jh Bk eo ;e/ .
;kohnK r[of;Zy ;zrsK B{z;kvh ;fBwo i'dVh j? fe s[jkv/ e'b, e'Jh g[oksB jZE fbys,
f;Zyh ;zpfz Xs e'Jh Gh g'Eh, r[Nek, yoVk iK r[o{ wjkoki dk gktB ;o{g j? fJ; dh
;{uBk g ikph :{Bhtof;Nh, g ikp g[okss` ftGkr iK ne?vwh nk f;Zy fobhiB
n?Av ebuo, fYZbA' wkor gfNnkbk-147001B
' 2227952 B{zd/t'sK i' fJ; dh ;jh
iKu j' e/ fJ; dh fJfsjkf;e wjZssk dk gsk bZr ;e/ .
:kd oj/ uko bkJhBK dk jZE fbys fJfsjkf;e yoVk pV/ pV/
gzEe py/fVnK B{z jZb eoB bJh T[g:'rh j' ;edk j? .
!!!

r[owfs ;/XK - 165

;ot-fgq: f;Zy Xow

f;Zy r[o{;kfjpkB B/ irs B{zi' f;Zy Xow fdZsk j? T[j n;bh Xow j?, noEks fBZi
n;bk w{be Xow j? s/ n;bhns ftZu sdo{g j'J/j'J/T[BKQ B/ ;kfink j? . fJ; ftZu ;Zu s/ ;Zu
s'A T[gihnK T[ZswskJhnK dh wkB'A r[b ko j? . fJ; bJh jo wZs dh e'Jh Bk e'Jh rZb, i' ;Zu
s/ T[ZswskJh tkbh j[d
z h j?, T[; dh ;wsk :k T[; s'A gqY
' sk f;Zy Xow ftZu fwb iKdh j? . fJ;
soQK dhnK ;wskJhnK d/ fdZ; g?Ad/w/b d' n;o g?dk eod/ ikgd/ jB (1)
ftdtkB b'e sK T[Zswsk tku e/ s/ T[Zsw rZbK d/ w/b d/ e/ gqGkfts j[d
z / jB fe nkj
rZb kfJd fJ; wZs s'A r[o{ B/ bJh j'T{ ns/
(2)
wsktbzph b'e fJBQK w/b yKdhnK rZbK s'A gqkg/rv
z k (nkgD/ wZs-gquko) dk ezw b?Ad/
jB fe d/y'fJj rZbK ;kv/ wZs dhnK jB, r[o{ih ;kv/ wZs d/ gqukoe ;B . T[Zsw
? B{z jo e'Jh ngDkT[Adk j? fJj e[dosh rZb j? . ;' f;ZyK B{z fJBQK rZbK s/ e'Jh o';
BjhA j'Dk ukjhdk, go fJZe Ngbk brD dk vo ofjzdk j? fes/ fJj G[by
/ k Bk bZr
ikt/ fe f;Zy Xow fJZe Eclectic Xow j? . n?eb?efNe Xow j[d
z k j? j'oBK wZsK s'A
T[Xko b?D tKr{zuzrhnK brdhnK rZbK b? b?D tkbk .
fJ; eoe/ n;hA e[ZM ukBDk gkT[Dk ukj[d
z / jK fe f;Zy Xow (Original) n;bh Xow
j?, fJ; d/ pkBh n;b o{jkBh n"i tkb/ ;B ns/ T[BKQ B{ztkfjr[o-{ ih dk fBi siopk , fBi w/
b gqkgs ;h . T[j ;Zu d/ ;'w/ ftZu nkg yVQ/ ;B s/ n;bhns Bkb o ko ;B .
;' id e'Jh w/b ;zwb
/ B :k ;wsk dh ftdtsk Goh fbys :k wsktbzph gqkg/rv
z / d/
gq:i
' B tkbh ;wsk dh fbys fe ftynkB Sg e/ fBeb/ sK f;ZyK B{znkgD/ wZs dhnK p{ hnK dk
c o j'Dk ukjhdk j?, go nkgD/ fJ; nwo tkfenk (fact) s/ fNe/ ofjDk ukjhdk j? fe f;Zy wZs
fJe (Original) n;bhns tkbk ;s: Xow j?, fJj n?eb?efNe rzY s[Zg
q BjhA . fJ; gq:i
' B
bJh n;hA ;G s'A gfjbK fgSb/ g ikj ;Zm to/QftZu j'J/wsktbzphnK s/ ftdtkBK d/ :sBK d/
doB eokT[Ad/jK, i' T[jBK B/ f;Zy Xow ftZu ;wskJhnK dZ;D d/ ehs/ jB, c/o Uj eZM[ dZ;Kr/
i' fJ; Xow d/ Original Xow (fBi n;bk w{be) j'D d/ ;jh ;p{s w"id
{ jB .
gikj e[ ;kb j'J/j'Dr/ fe ekfd:kBh (w[b;wkBK dk fJZe fcoek fi; dk w[ZY pNkb/
d/ fjo ekdhnK s'A pZMk) fwo k ;kfjp b
[ kw nfjwd tZbA' fJZe feskp fBebh ;h, fi; dk
Bkw kbpkB ;fs puB ;h . fJ; ftZu b/ye ih B/ r[o{ ;kfjp d/ f nkb, r[o{ ;kfjp d/
fzdrhd/tkfenks,r[opkDhd/tkenkfdftZuA'rZbKu[DhnK;B,fiBQKftZuT[jBKB/fJ;bkw

Bkb fwbd/ i[bd/ jkbK s'A r[o{;kfjp B{zw[;bwkB s/ f;Zy wZs B{zfJ;bkw s'A T[gfink Xow ;kps
eoB dh e' ehsh ;h . fJZe u'b/B{zph N/e pDkfJnk ;h i' r[o{;kfjp ih B{zfgZSA' d/ ;co ftZu
fe;/ B/ g/ ehsk ;h . fJj ;kok e[ZM w jph gqkg/rv
z k (w jph gquko) d/ B[esk fBrQk s'A ;h .
fJ;/ wkB/ d/ bZrgZr jh ik ok nZrA' fgS'A Jh;kJh ;kfjpkB tZbA' ph eJh g?AcfbN
f;Zy Xow d/ s/ Jh;kJh Xow dh ;wsk d/ fBeb/ jB . fco T[jBK dh fJZe g[;se fBebh ;h fi;
dk Bkw joh ufosq ;h. fJ; ;ko/ :sB ftZu d'jK XowK ftu ;wsk d/ B[es/ dZ; e/ fJj ;kps
eoB dh e'f ehsh rJh ;h fe f;Zy Xow Jh;kJh wZs s'A fbnk frnk j? . fJBQK B/ eVkj
gq kd B{z n kJ/ o{pkBh n fwqs B{z pgfs;w/A s'A fbnk frnk dZf;nk ;h . Jh;k ih d/ nB/
eKihtBtkfenksB{zr[opkDhftZuA';kpsehsk;h,w;bB-Jh;kihdk12 kfrodKBkbfwb
e/ o'Nh ykDh Last Supper s/ Jh;k ih dh ;{bh nkfd . fJZEA' skJhA fe Jh;k ih dk Bkw th
d;w r[opkDh ftu'A eZY fdykfJnk ;h, :Ek L
;qh n;e/s irs e/ Jh;k ..
n ihb ftZu nkJ/ pd ;zpzXh fJe f eo B{z r[opkDh d/ pd
Bkb w/fbnk ;h .
i?B wZs d/ fJ; ;w/A d/ T[Zx/ p [or ;qh nkswk okw ih B/ fJZe t/
oh ;qh wkB vkeNo uoB f;zx ih gk; B"thA gks kjh ih d/ ;b'eK ftZu
w[esh d/ fynkbK Bkb nkgD/ ws dh w[esh d/ f nkbK d/ Bkb fwbdh
;wsk toDB ehsh ;h . EhU;kcheb ;[;kfJNh pDB s/ T[jBK dh
fbNo/uo s/ b?euoK ftZu gorN j'J/fnkbK ftZu r[owfs d/ eJh n;{bK dh ;wsk d/y e/ fesB/
f;Zy ;odko s/ ftdtkB T[; ;[;kfJNh tZb gqGkfts j' rJ/ ;Bl go c/o ;qh r[o{rqE
z ;kfjp ih dh
nfXn?B s'A r[owfs dh r"otsk s/ n;bhns fB fus j' rJh ;h .
fJ; gqeko f;Zy w jp dhnK eJh rZbK B{z fe;/ j'o w jp Bkb fwbdk d/y e/ T[;
s'A f;Zy w jp dk pfDnk dZ;Dk mhe BjhA . go n?ATA[ mhe j? fe f;Zy w jp pVk ;q/ m s/
T[Zsw j? no fJ; dhnK BhAjK fBo'b ;Zu s/ oZyhnK rJhnK jB, i' jo w jp dhnK ;q/ m rZbK
fJ; ftu fwb iKdhnK jB . n;K ;[fDnK j? fe E'VkQ jh fuo j'fJnk j? fe e'Jh ;wkrw ;ko/
w jpK T[s/ ftfynkBK dk j'fJnk ;h, T[E/ fe;/ B/ g[ZfSnk ;h fe f;Zy w jp eh j?, sK fJZe ;q/
m g[o B/ (i' f;Zy sK BjhA ;h, go f;Zy Xow s'A tke ;h) J/j ;Zu/ tke ej/ ;B fe jo
w jp dhnK T[Zsw rZbK f;Zy w jp ftZu w"id
{ jB L fJzM w jph T[ZswskJhnK dk ezgAv
? hnw
(;zyg
/ ;koK o{g) j? .
fJ; bJh ;kB{zfe;/ th w jp iK fcbk;ch ftZu, i/ e[M rZbK
f;Zy w jp Bkb e[ZM ;wsk oZydhnK fwb g?D, sd j?okB BjhA j'Dk ukjhdk .
:kd g?Adk j? fe ;fseko i'r vkeNo u"Xoh d
[ k dkd ih (:kd p o? ) B/ fe;/

r[owfs ;/XK - 166

w"fenK s/ fJj bc ej/ ;B fe jo fJe w jp dh ewg?of/ Nt ;NZvh noEks w[skb:k

eoB dk n;{b ;qh r[o{ BkBe d/t ih B/ ikoh ehsk j?l T[jBK dh fJ; f;Zfynk s'A nZpb
[ b
gqGkfts j'fJnk, fi; dh ;[jps B/ nepo dh sphns B{zfJj ozrD ukVQh ;h .
fJfsjk; th dZ;dk j? fe nepo ;qh r[o{ nwo dk; ih d/ do B B{z nkfJnk ;h s/
r[opkDh ;[D e/ j'o gqGkfts j'fJnk s/ r[o{e/ bzro tk;s/, fiZE/iks-gks w jp fwZbs d/
fbjk s'A fpBK jo G[Zy/ B{z n B fwbdk ;h, 12 fg v g/ ehs/ ;B. ;' n;K B{z f;Zy w jp
d/ n;{bK s/ toskfonK dk d{;o/ w jpK Bkb w/b i'b d/ B[es/ fdykT[D tkfbnK Bkb e'Jh
ni'V BjhA j'Dk ukjhdk, ukj/ T[j fBo'b ftdtsk d/ B[es/ s'A j't/s/ ukj/ T[j fwo k ;kfjp tKr{z
wjphgZy-gksdhebws'Afbfynkfrnkj'tl/ fJj;wskJhnKf;ZyXowdhT[ZswskdZ;dhnK
jB . d
[ r[o{BkBe d/t ih d/ ihtB ftZu fJj' e[ZM j'fJnk . tZv/tZv/i'rh s/ gho r[o{BkBe
d/t ih B{zfwb e/ tkoskbkg eoe/ s/ T[BKQ dh ;Zu s/ fBo'bsk B{zd/y e/ fJj' ukj[d
z / oj/ jB fe fet/
A fJj ;kv/ wZs ftu nk ikD sK pVk gquko eoB . fJj rZb iBw ;kyhnK ftZu ;k fbyh j'Jh
fwbdh j? . go fJZe j'o B[esk j? i' n;hA nkgD/ f;Zy GoktK s/ ;ko/ b/yeK dh fBrQk ftZu jo t/
b/ sk k oZyDk ukj[d
z / jK, T[j fJj j? L i?;k fe fgZS/dZ; nkJ/ jK fe f;Zy w jp n?eb?efNe i'VikV dk wZs BjhA, n;bh (Original) ;Zfsnk Xow j?. noEks f;Zy Xow j'oBK XowK d/
n;{bK s'A ;zefbs BjhA ehsk frnk, fJj fJZe ;[ss
z o Xow j? no fJ; dk ;[s-/ gqek j?, fi;dk
;'wk nekb g[oy j? no fJ;dk gqek npubh i's s'A j'fJnkl ;qh r[o{BkBe d/t ih dk nkgDk
tke j? L
r[o[ nkfd g[oy[ jfo gkfJnk ..
..879
879..
879
..
fJ; bJh e[ZM t/otk nZr/ fbyd/ jK .
f;Zy Xow d/ pkBh s/ nkr{ wjKg[oy, d;' r[o{ ;kfjpkB n;bh
o{jkBh n"i d/ wjKg[o ;B, T[BQK dk frnkB nB[Gth frnkB j? . T[BQK B/
i' tkfjr[o{ dh j'Ad dk frnkB fdZsk fJj fe;/ w jp s'A BjhA fbnk, T[BQK
B{z [d o{jkBh siopk tkfjr[o{ dh j'Ad dk gqkgs ;h, T[BQK d/ fBZi siop/
ftZu tkfjr[o{ ih nkJ/, fi; dk gsk T[BQK B/ nkg fdZsk j? . fJj siopk
fBo'b o{jkBh ;h, o{jkBh o{g ozr ftZu ;h, T[BQK dh nkswk dk gowkswk d/
Bkb w/b dk-T[j fie{z ;kvh ;wM/ g? ;e/-T[; p'bh s/ ;o{g ftZu r[o{
;kfjpkB B/ nkg ;kB{z fdZsk j? . nksw s/ gowksw w/b/ nksw ozr ftu
j[zd/ jB, fiBQK B{z T[eo toDB eoB bJh d/ ekb tkbh ;kvh ;wM ;wM
BjhA ;edh . ;' r[o{ ih B/ T[; w/b T[; fBZi siop/ B{z ;kvh ;wM g? ikD
tkbh p'bh ftZu [d dZf;nk j?, jK r[o{ ih nkgD/ nkg B{z tkfjr[o{ ih dk

r[owfs ;/XK - 167

(Ykvh) BhtK ehosBhnK dZ; e/ tkfjr[o{ih d/ ;Zu/;o{g ftu ;Zd/ikD dk jkb nkg dZ; oj/ jB
fJT[AgT[ V h ..
jT[ YkYh t/eko[ eko? bkfJnk ..
okfs fdj? e? tko X[oj[ c[owkfJnk ..
YkYh ;u? wjfb y;fw p[bkfJnk ..
;uh f;cfs ;kbkj egVk gkfJnk ..
;uk n fwqs Bkw[ G'iB[ nkfJnk ..
r[owsh ykXk ofi fsfB ;[y[ gkfJnk ..
YkYh eo/ g;kT[ ;pd[ tikfJnk ..
BkBe ;u[ ;kbkfj g{ok gkfJnk ..
27
..
..27
27..
(tko wkM wjbk 1 ) (n r 150
150)
noEks - ;fsr[o ih B/ nkgD/ w/b dk jkb dZ;fdnK jT[w? dk
dkT[ BjhA ykXk, nkgD/ nkg B{z tkfjr[o{ dk Ykvh dZ; e/ ftjbk dZ; e/
jT[A nGktsk dZ;h . go fJj rZb T[jBK d/ Bht/A j'D dh no n;wkBh
o{jkBh, oZph t;hekosk s'A ;ZyD/ j'D dh dbhb BjhA j? . T[jBK B/ fJ;
gT[Vh ftZu tkfjr[o{ dh fwjo dh tfvnkJh eofdnK nkgDh o{jkBh
t;hekosk s/ n"i B{z fJ; soQK dZf;nk j? L
YkYh ;u? wjfb y;fw p[bkfJnk ..
T[E/ ;Zuh f;s ;bkj, n fwqs Bkw dks gqkgs j'D dk gsk
fdZsk j? . T[; Bkw dks dk irs ftZu g;kT[ gquko eoBk nkgDk oZph
j[ew dZf;nk s/ n s g{o/ tkfjr[o{ B{z g{oh soQK gqkgs eo b?D, oZph ozr ftu
ozr/ ofjD dk gsk d/ fdZsk j? .
;G s'A g[okDh iBw;kyh ftu th r[o{ ih dk X[o dorkj/ ;Zfdnk
ikDk s/ gow/ o dk j[ew j' e/ Bkw dk fgnkbk fwbDk s/ b'eK B{z igkT[D
dk ekoi ;"Afgnk ikDk ;g N fbfynk j? s/ Bkb fJj to fwbDk ph UE/
fbfynk j? fe gow/ o B/ fejk fe w?A ;dk s/o/ Bkb jK, w/ok Bkw
gkopqjw gow/ o j? s/ s/ok Bkw r[o gow/ o .
fJZe tko dk siopk BjhA ;dk Uj' w/b ikoh fojk j?, i?;k fe
nkg ih dk tke j? L
i?;h w? nkt? y;w eh pkDh

r[owfs ;/XK - 168

r[owfs ;/XK - 169

s?;Vk eoh frnkB[ t/ bkb' .. (fsbzr wL 1) n r-722

722
g[ B k L ngozgo gkopqjw[ gow/;o[
599
BkBe r[o[ fwfbnk ;'Jh ihT[.. (;'ofm wL 1 .. 11
11) n r-599
fJ;/ soQK j'o r[o{ ;kfjpK B/ th fJ;/ dh ;ky Goh j? fe T[BQK B{z frnkB
jT[ nkgj[ p'fb B ikDdk w?
f;ZXk tkfjr[o{ s'A gqkgs j[d
z k j? L
efjnk ;G[ j[ewkT[ ihT[ .. (;{jh wL 5 ) n r-763
763
;fsr[o eh pkDh ;fs ;fs efo ikDj[
r[ o f;yj
f;yj[[ jfo eosk nkfg w[jj[ eYkJ/..
308
(rT[Vh tko wL 4) n r-308
d;w gks kj ih th fJjh c[owkT[Ad/ jB L
i' fBi gqG[ w' ;' ejk ;' efj j"A ir wkfj .. (pfuZsq BkNe)

nT[o fe;{ s/ p?o B rfj j'A ..

31
..
..31
31..
i' jw e' gow/;o T[ufoj?A ..
s/ ;G Boe e[zv wfj gfoj?A ..
w' e" dk;[ stB ek ikB' ..
:k w? G/d B ozu gSkB' ..
32
..
..32
32..
w? j' gow g[oy e' dk;k ..
d/yB nk:' irs swk;k ..
i' gqG[ irfs ejk ;' efj j'A ..
fwqs b'e s/ w'B B ofjj'A ..
33
.. (pfuZsq BkNe)
..33
33..
r[o{BkBe ;kfjp s'A b? e/ r[o{r'fpzd f;zx ih sZe nkgD/ nkg B{ztZvk fe ntsko fe
o;{b e[ZM BjhA nkyd/ oj/ . e'Jh dkntk BjhA eod/ oj/. BkBe[ Bhu[ ej? thuko[ nkfd tke nB/
eK tko T[ukod/ oj/ . d;w r[o{ih B/ nkg B{z w'eT[ dk;[ stB ek ikB' c[owkfJnk s/ f;ZyK tZb
jZE c/o e/ fejk fJBjh eh feqgk s/ ;i/ jw j? BjhA w' ;/ ohp eo'o go/ .
go id T[jBK B/ nkswk gowkswk dh ;dk ek:w ;dk fdqV j;sh dk f eo ehsk
sKfBisiopkfpnkBehsk,i?;kfeT[ZgoT[jBKd/w[ykofpzdd/tkedZ;nkJ/jK. feT[fA efJj
nwo tkfenk, fJj ;Zu, T[jBK B/ G[Zb/iKd/ irs B{zf;ykT[Dk ;h fe tkfjr[o{j? sK nkgDk
gqsZy w{b , fBi siopk, n;bhns ftZu gj[u
z dk gsk d/ e/ ;ky GoBh ;h fe T[j nkfd ;u[ i[rkfd ;u[ .. j? Gh ;u[
BkBe j';h Gh ;u[ .. j? .
g[ B k L nkd/;[ fs;? nkd/;[ ..
nkfd nBhb[ nBkfd n
Bkjfs i[r[ i[r[ J/e' t/;[.. (n r 7 )
nB
jo i[r ftZu ;r'A i[rK s'A th T[o/ go/ Uj ;dk fEo j;sh w"i{d
;h, j? s/ j';h .
T[j c[owkT[Ad/ jB L
Ekfgnk B ikfJ ehsk B j'fJ .. (n r 2 )
(oZp) co h BjhA pDkfJnk ik ;edk, (oZp) xfVnk BjhA ik
;edk, (fit/A p[Zs nkg pDk bJhd/ jB).
nkg/ nkfg
(oZp) nkgD/ nkg s'A nkg j?. (noEks T[j ;`:z ;Zuw[Zu j;sh j?).
fBoziB[ ;'fJ ..
T[Zso L- (fJ; eoe/ fe T[j) wk:k ofjs j?, (wk:k ofjs o{g o/y ozr s'A

d;w ;fsr[o{ ih B/ nkgD/ T[; nksfwe s/ fBo'b o{jkBh siop/ B{z

fe tkfjr[o{ ih ;uw[u j?B s/ T[j w?B{z fwb/ jB s/ j[ew fdZsk j? , toDB
ehsk j? .
fJj toDB fJ; Yzr ftZu j? fe ;kvh d/ ekb Bfws tkbh p[ZXh
;wM ;e/, nkg c[owkT[Ad/ jB L
sg ;kXs jfo w'fj p[bk:' ..
fJw efj e? fJj b'e gmk:' .. 28 .. (pfuZsq BkNe)
fco c[owkT[Ad/ jB L
nekb g[oy pku .. u"gJh ..
w? ngBk ;[s s'fj fBtkik ..
g E gqu[o eop/ ej[ ;kik ..
ikfj sjK s? Xow ubkfJ ..
29
..
ep[fX eoB s/ b'e jNkfJ ..
..29
29..
efppku .. d'jok ..
mkY G:' w? i'fo eo puB ejk f;o fBnkfJ ..
g E ub? sp irs w? ip s[w eoj[ ;jkfJ .. 30 .. u"gJh ..
fJj ekofB gqG w'fj gmk:' ..
sp w? irs iBw Xfo nk:' ..
fiw fsB ejh fsw? fsw efj j'A ..

r[owfs ;/XK - 170

r[owfs ;/XK - 171

fBnkok j[d
z k j?, ;' fdydk BjhA) .
gq B L T[; dh f;nkD :k bZysk fet/A j't/ <
T[Zso L fifB ;/ftnk fsfB gkfJnk wkB[ .. (n r 2 )
fi; B/ T[;dh ;/tk ehsh T[; B/ T[;dh f;nkD gk bJh .
gq B L ;/tk ehe{z eo/ <
BkBe rkthn? r[Dh fBXkB[ .. (n r 2 )
T[Zso L T[; r[DK d/ ;w[d
z o dh ;/tk r[DkBtkd eoB Bkb j[d
z h j?, efjzd/jB ;qh r[o{BkBe d/t
ih .
Gkt fJj j? fe tkfjr[o{ ;dk fEo j;sh j?, nkgDh iks ftu nkg
;dk fEo ti{d j?, eosk g[oy j?, i' r[o{ ih B{z fwfbnk ik fJT[A ej' fe
T[jBK d/ siop/ ftZu nkfJnk, no rkthn? ;[Dhn? wfB oyhn? GkT[ s/
ft;fo B ikJh d/ sohe/ Bkb ;kB{z th gqkgs j' ;edk j? .
;kvk fJj Gkt BjhA fe r[o{ BkBe d/t ih fe;/ B{z fwb/ BjhA, fe;/
wZs, Xow, fbk;h d/ ikD{ BjhA ;h . T[j wjkB ftnesh tkb/ wjKg[oy,
i' T[; ;w/A dh ;koh d[BhnK ftu fco/, p/- po ehe{z j' ;ed/ jB < nkg ih
gZSw tZb wZe/ wdhB/ sZe rJ/l j' ;edk j? fe ;hohnk s/ fw;o th rJ/ j'D.
nkg p dkd s/ JhokB, ncrkfB;skB ftZu fco/l soQK soQK d/ w jph
nkr{nK B{z fwb/ . T[Zso ftZu e who okjhA fsZps tkbh ;Ve s/ fB kB
fwbd/ jB wkB;o'to sZe ikD d/ . g{op tZb fjzd[;skB, fpjko, pzrkb,
n;kw, wBhg[o, fuNkrKr, ;'Bg[o, XBk;oh d/; (sBk;ow) sZe rJ/ .
dZyD tZb eNe, g[oh, wdok; d/ fJbke/, fJ; s'A nZr/ ;zrbkdhg sZe rJ/
. c/o gZSwh feBko/ fco/ s/ jo EK s/ sghnK s/ XowktbzphnK B{z fwb/,
gowkoE ftu nNe/ yfbnK {jdhnK B{z fwb/, Xkofwe okiXkBhnK shoEK
s/ rJ/, pfj;K ehshnK, ;Zfsnk T[gd/ fdZs/ fBo'b ;Zu tZb gq/fonk,
nkgDh ft;wkdh s/ ;KJh oZp ih ftZu gq/w Goh bhBsk tkbh S[j p h .
T[j wjkB ftnesh ih, fet/A j' ;edk j? fe T[; wkB/ d/ gqftos f nkbK,
XowK sohfenK, fbk;hnK d/ ikD{ Bk j'D < ikD{ sK sq? ekb do;h j'D
eoe/ th ;B s/ T[AM th jo soQK dh tkeh T[jBK d/ nZr/ fgZS/ fcodh ;h
ns/ T[jBK B/ XowK ftZu gJhnK ewhnK s/ jkBhnK th sZehnK . i' d k
w jph XZe/-X'V/ dh tkgoe/ ;ko/ d[Zyh j' oj/ ;B, GkJh r[odk; ih B/ nZyhA
fvZmh fbyh j?, T[j d{o eoe/ ;[bj s/ fgnko r[o{ ih B/ ?bkfJnk .

w[;bwkBh d/ K ftu ik e/ nkr{nK B{zfwb e/ Xkofwe ;jkok, ;ot Bkb fgnko dh

wZs fdZsh . fjzd{fJ N EKtK s/ ftneshnK B{zfwb e/ d{;fonK B{zwb/S ;wMD s/ Bos eoB/
s'A j'fVnk . T[j tke ;B ;G fe;w d/ f nkbK d/, s op/ j' u[ZfenK d/ e"V/b
K d/ ikDeko
;B . go T[jBK B/ rhN/ u[D u[D e/ u{Bk d/ d/ e/ pD/ gZEo tKr{znkgDk Xow BjhA pDkfJnk,
T[jBK B/ Xow d/ ;'w/ftZu nkg yVQ'e/, n fwqs d/ SZN/fdZs/s/ irs B{zo;s/ gkfJnk . ;' T[jBK
B/ i' Xow ubkfJnk T[j Original Xow j?, noEks nkgD/ fBi w{be n;b/ tkbk j? . fJj
fJZe ;[ss
z o Xow j? no fJ; dk ;[s/ gqek j?, fi; dk ;'wk nekb g[oy j? .
j[D fJ; b/y B{zn;hA nZr/fJZe d' jtkb/ wjkB ftdtkBK s/ gowkoE d/ wjkB siop/
ekoK d/ e/ ;wkgs eod/ jK L
gfjbk jtkbk fw;No vBeB rqhBbh feqs The Gospel of the
Guru Granth Sahib ftZu'A j? . nkg ih Comparative Religion d/ tZv/
Scholar (g fvs) jB no fJjBK B/ d[BhnK d/ eJh XowK d/ Xow g[;seK
g[o The World Gospel Series bVh ftZu feskpK fbyhnK jB . nkg
fbyd/ jB L
f;Zy Xow, fjzd{ Xow dk G/; tNktK o{g BjhA j?, ;r'A J/; dk
fJbjkw f;ZXk ;[szso T[; ;Zfsnk ;o{g s'A j'fJnk j?, fi; s'A j'oBK XowK
dk j'fJnk j? . Bk jh fJj w[;bwkBh dhB dk e'Jh tNkT[ ;NkT[ j?,
Gkt/A f;Zy Xow th tkfjr[o{ Bkb gq/w no T[; dh :kd fdqV eokT[Adk j? .
fJj (f;Zy Xow) th d[BhnK d/ j'o w[Zy XowK tKr fJZe nZvok Xow j?.
gftZsosk no o{jkBh n"i d/ B[es/ s'A fJ; (f;Zy Xow) dk
d[BhnK d/ XowK ftZu fJZe wjkB T[Zuk doik j? .
;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih d/ ekt: pkps fbyd/ jB L Xkofwe gfjb{
dh wjkBsk s'A S[ZN ;z;ko wjK ekt: ftZu ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih dk o[spk
u'Nh dk j? .
fco nkg ;qh r[o{ BkBe d/t ih pkps fbyd/ jB L
Gkt fJj j? L fJj rZb :ehBh wkb{w j[zdh j? fe pkDh nkg d/ X[o
n do'A nB[Gt s'A gqek dh ;h no fJ; dk gVQ/ Bkb e'Jh ;zpzX BjhA ;h
j[zdk.
fco nkg ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih pkps fbyd/ jB L
d[ B hnK d/ Xow g[ ; seK ftZu' A kfJd jh fe;/ dh ;q h r[ o { rq z E
;kfjp ih d/ s[ Z b ;kfjfse { p ;{ o sh nEtk brksko nB[ G th frnkB

r[owfs ;/XK - 172

r[owfs ;/XK - 173

dh T[Zusk j't/ .
d{ik jtkbk fw;No w?ekbc d/ ou/ f;Zy fobhiB Bkw/ g[;se
ftZu'A j? . nkg ih B/ d; pkoK po; bk e/ f;Zy Xow dk w[skfbnk ehsk,
tZv/ tZv/ frnkBh Bkb bkJ/ ns/ g[;se fsnko ehsk, fi; ftu r[o{
;kfjpK dhnK ihtBhnK s/ r[o{pkDh d/ soiw/ jB . nkg ih fbyd/ jBL
;G XowK d/ g?oe
' koK dk M[ekU u'Dekoh tZb j[d
z k j?. j? Gh fJj e[dosh fB:w, d{i/
XowK d/ n;{bK ftu'A i' T[BKQ B{z:'r gqshs fdzd/jB, T[j rqfjD eo b?Ad/jB, no i' T[BKQ B{zBjhA
iud/, nEtk T[BKQ d/ nB[eb
{ BjhA j[d
z ,/ T[j BjhA b?Ad/. (T[EkBek g Bk shik)
Vie de Jesus (;qh Jh;k w;hj dk ihtB) d/ Bkwto eosk B/ gq B ehsk fe eh
T[Zu/ fBi n;bk w{be f;XKs w[V e/ th gqekwkB j'Dr/ :k d[BhnK T[BKQ gfjnK s/ jh s[oh ikU
i' phs u[Ze/ ;w/A d/ w'joh gk rJ/ jB <
bU n;hA j[D s[jkv/ ;kjwD/ fJe n?;k Xow g/ eod/ jK fi; ftZu ;?wf/ Ne (fJ;bkwh,
:j{dh) nEtk w;hjh XowK dk b/ wkso th n;o BjhA . noEks-;qh r[o{BkBe d/t ih B/ i'
Xow gqukfonk j? T[j fJZe nekb g[oy dh tkjdkBhns (J/es`) s/ fBoGo ;h, no T[jBK fjzd{
Xow dhnK oj[ ohsK SZv e/ n?;/;[ss
z o fJybkeh fwnko no wo:kdk pzBhQ nK i' T[BKQ d/ ;w/A :k
d/ d/ gqufbs nehfdnK d/ fpbe[b T[bN ;B, fijk fe nZr/uZb e/ gsk bZrr
/ k fe fJsBh
fBi-w{be n;bhns tkb/ Xow nEtk n?;/w[ewz b ;dkukfoe n;{bK dh BhAj s/ ou/ rJ/ dk
fwbDk efmB j? . (T[EkBek g Bk uT[Ek)
c/o fJj ftdtkB, fw;No w?ekbc, r[o{BkBe d/t ih pkps fbydk j? L
j[D(;fsr[o{BkBed/tih)j'oBKXkofwenkr{nKdhf;Zfynkdkw[skfbnkeoBdh
EKnkgD/eoskg[oyih,nkgD/nkswk,noekdodhe[dosd/fXnkBftZuwrBofjDbZr
gJ/ . T[j ;ZdV/ i' eJh g?rp
z oK B{z;[DhAd/nkJ/ jB w[V T[; T[ikV ftZu ;[BhD bZr gJ/ no r[o{
ih B{z no h o{jkBh T[vkoh ftZu b? rJ/ .
j[Bkb/ dh rowh, f;nkb/ d/ eZeo, nkek dh ibkbh ;[d
z osk, fg v d/ t;BheK d/
d[ZyK-;[ZyK ftZu r[o{ih B{zeosk g[oy d/ Bkw dk ;[Bj/ k gqsZy fdZ;dk ;h no fi;dk T[jukT[
GfonkT[ukoeoBbZrgJ/.
rZb eh Bkw dk nkokXB, Bkw dk ikg, Bkw dk fXnkB, Bkw
dk T[gd/ T[jBK d/ s'o/ Xow dk w[Zy n r j? .
sh;ok jtkbk ;qh ;[nkwh fBs:kBzd ih T[dk;hB ;o;`sh d/ fbys
r[o-{ r:kB ftZuA' j? . fiBQK dh nk:{ fJ; g[;se ouD t/b/135 po; dh dZ;h rJh ;h . nkg
fbyd/ jB L

(jw ngB/ r[o{;qh ;`kwh pqjwkBzd ih e/ ;kE) ftuos/ shoE :ksok eos/ g ikp w/A
nkJ/, :jK J/e T[dk;hB wjK GkT{ e/ do B j{J/. ftuko uouk w/A fdB phsB/ br/ . T[dk;h ih
ek Bkw ;`kwh ;s:kBzd ih Ek, fJBj"A B/ r[o{xo ohsh n"o Bhsh e[S n?;/Yzr ;/ ;[BkJh fe ;qh
;`kwh pqjwkBzd ih w[rX j' rJ/ . n fwqs;o r[o dopko e/ do B eoe/ T[Beh nkswk go e[S
fJ; soQK e/ gqGkt gV/ fe t'j r[o{ xo e/ jh j' rJ/ . e[S ;wK g ikp w/A ftshs ehnk, fco
johd[tko ub/ rJ/ . tjK J/e fdB nZS/Gb/ p?m/E/, T[Beh nky/A v[pv[pksh d/y eo w?B/g{Sk .
T[Bj'A B/ T[so dhnk fe nk:{ Go o/s SkBk eh, ss` t;s{ r[o{xo w/A Eh, np J/e iBw r[o{xo
w/A b/Bk gV/rk sp eb:kB j'rh , :/j efjs/ T[BA' B/ ;oho S'V dhnk .
w?A Gh r[o{ BkBe d/t e/ xo e/ tkfjr[o{ w so ek ikg eosk j{z,
:'r ;kXB'A :'rkuko: e/ gk; p?m eo ehJ/, n"o ;kbjk ;kb ehJ/, i'
nkBzd n"o Ksh w[M/ np gqkgs j?, tfj gfjb/ eGh BjhA fwbh .
r[o{ ek wkor g{oB j?, tkfjr[o{ pd eh wfjwk ejh BjhA ik
;esh, r[o{ BkBe n"o r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih eh f;y:k n fwqs j?, r[o{pkBh ;/
pVQ eo eb:kBekoh e'Jh n"o pkBh BjhA .
:'rh ih B/ nky/A pzd eoB/ ;/ gfjb/ i' ;zd/ w[M/ dhnk, d{;o'A se
gj[zukBk w/ok eost: j? . i' f;ZXh n"o gqkgsh tkfjr[o{ Bkw ig ;/
;fji ;? j' iksh j? t'j n"o emB ;/ emB ;kXB eoB/ ;/ Gh d[ so gqkgs
j'sh j?, f:j ;Zs: j?, gqhfynk ehnk j{nk ;Zs: j?, n"o fBofttkd ;Zs: j?
.
w/oh ntZ;Ek g[;se fbyB/ fbykB/ eh BjhA j? . e[S gq/wh ;iB'A eh
gq/oBk ;/ ngB/ ihtB w/A d/yh Gkbh pks/A G/AN j?A .
(r[o{ r:kB, g Bk naJa;a)
(ykL ;L 23, 30 nr;s 1956)
!!!

r[owfs ;/XK - 174

g[sh rzY[ gt? ;z;kfo

xo ftZu uko/ gk;/ [ hnK Gfonk wkj"b ;h . pkb fpoX i[nkB, jo e'Jh ;i Xi
e/ r[o{ wjkoki dh j o{ h n do oXk GktBk Bkb i[V p?mk ;h . r[o{ pkDh d/ nky v gkm dh
;wkgsh fgS'A, okrh f; xK B/ ;ku? ;sr[fo dhnK G/fi d/ pd dk ehosB ehsk fco pd
bkfJnk g[sh rzY[gt? ;z;kfo . okr dhnK skBK gbN gbN e/ tko tko fJ; s[e dk rkfJB
eoB . ed/, ftZu-ftZu ftnkfynk Gh eoB, fe GkJh r[o{pkDh d;dh j? fe g[Zso d/ j'D Bkb
;z;ko Bkb wB[Zy dh rzY g?Adh j? . g[ZsK p o? ;z;ko ;[R
z K j? . g[Zso gqkgsh bJh d[BhnK eh-eh
BjhA eodh < ;[yDk ;[ydh j?, Xkowe n;EkBK s/ ik e/ dkB g[B
z eodh j?, w Bsk w Bdh j? fJE'A
sZe,sKfsqeKd/jE/uVQe/N{D/NkwDs/Bopbhd/DsZeiKdhj?.ftZu-ftZued/wksk;[byDh
dh ;kyh ;[DkT[D ed/ fi; xo g[Zso BjhA T[; xo dk d[ZyK Gfonk fpqsKs dZ;D fco ;[ohbh
ntk Bkb rkT[D g[sh rzY[gt? ;z;kfo . gotko d/ ;iD ns/ i[Vh ;zrs y[ j' e/ fiT[A fiT[A
B'N tki/ s/ G/Nk oZyD fsT[A fsT[A okrh f;zxK M{w M{w rkT[D g[sh rzY[gt? ;z;kfo . fJZe x N/
d/ ehosB Bkb okrh f;zxK B/ ;G dhnK [ hnK Bkb, tZvh E?bh gqkgs eo e/ f;ZX eo fdZsk fe
r[opkDh dko[ wkB j? ;z;ko Bkb rzY gkD bJh g[Zso gqkgsh eoe/ jh ;[yh fojk ik ;edk j? .
fiZE/fJZe gk;/ n?;/okrh f; x ns/ tZv/tZv/v/od
/ ko ny"sh ;zs o' o' Bkb nfijk
gquko eo e/ b[ekJh B{ze[okj/ gk oj/ jB, T[E/d{;o/ gk;/ ftdtkB, oXkjhD p[Xhihth, fJ; s'A
fpbe[b T[bN, r[o{nk;ok Xko e/ d[fBnkth w rK B{zwBwfs efj e/ Bekod/ jB . fJ; soQK dh
to gqkgsh ns/ e
[ okB/ ti'A fe;/ G/Nk ns/ ;fji gkm iK ny v gkm B{zpqkjwD tkdh feqnk ns/
fpgoB eh ohs iK oZp Bkb ;"d/ pk h dZ;d/ jB.
r[opkDh nB[;ko, r[o{ ;kfjp B/ T[dk; wZs d/ w[ekpb/ s/ frqj;E
ihtB B{z ;q/ m w fBnk j? ns/ i'rhnK B{z fcNeko Gh gkJh fe
j'fJ nshs[ frqj;fs sfi fcfo T[Bj[ e/ xfo w rfD ikJh ..
(tko 1/40
40))
ns/
d/Adk Bofe ;[ofr b?d/ d/yj[ J/j[ fXCkDk .. (n r 1290
1290))
fe d/y' i'rhnK dk e?;h fXzri'oh s/ p/fJB;kh tkbk toskok j?
fe dkB d/D tkb/ frqj;Eh B{z sK BoeK dk nfXekoh efj oj/ jB ns/ i'

r[owfs ;/XK - 176

r[owfs ;/XK - 177

w rsk pD e/ (i'rh) frqj;Eh d/ d[nko s/ fGZfynk w rD nkJ/ B{z;[or dk nfXekoh dZ; oj/
jB .
frqj;Eh ihtB bJh g?;k, wekB, gotko ns/ ;wkfie wkD bJh
;G e[M ukjhdk j? . ;' r[o{ ;kfjp B/ f;Zy B{z T[gd/ fdZsk fe gow/ o dk
nk;ok b? e/ r[owfs nB[;ko ihtB ftu fpuo/Ark sK e'Jh xkN BjhA oj/rh
. ;G e[ZM gqkgs j't/rk feT[Afe T[; dh f;s j? LgqkB e/ puZ:k d{X g{s e/ fdtZ:k .
o'r ;'r e/ fwNZ:k feX" wkBh wjk wkB j' .. (nekb T[;ss)
nfuzs ezw eofj gqG fsB e/ fiB jfo ek Bkw[ fgnkok ..
9..
..9
(n r 638
638))
fifB fifB Bkw[ fXnkfJnk fsB e/ eki ;o/ .. (n r 136
136))
Bkb jh T[gd/ fdZsk, i/ e'Jh uh gokbpX tb'A gqkgs BjhA j'Jh
sK s/ok gqw/ o Bkb fgT[ g[Zso tkbk fo sk j?, s{z nkg w r b? .
iB e' gqG[ ;zr/ n;B/j[ ..
;kiB' s{ whs[ w/ok frqfj s/o? ;G[ e/j[ .. ojkT[ ..
wkB[ wKrT[ skB[ wKrT[ XB[ bywh ;[s d/j .. (n r 1307
1307))
ns/ Grfs ih B/ nkgD/ fJ;/ gZ[so j'D d/ wkD ftZu ftn rwJh
n dk ftZu fJj Gh efj fdZsk
G{y/ Grfs B ehi? .. :j wkbk ngBh bhi? ..
fco Bkb jh efj fdZsk LwkX' e?;h pB? s[w ;zr/ .. nkfg B d/j[ s b/tT[ w r/ ..
(n r 656
656))
nfijhnK ;kohnK ihtB ;/XK r[o{ ;kfjp B/ f;Zy B{z p hnK fe
;kohnK dksK dk d/D jko r[o{ j?. do-do BjhA GNeDk, e/tb fJZe
nkgD/ r[o{ s/ nk; oZyDh j?, ihn eh fpoEk j'fJ ;[ r[o gfj nodkf; efo
(n r 519
519) . oXk GktBk Bkb i' w r/Ark ;' r[o{ e'b'A fwb ikJ/rk .
fJfsjk; fJ; rZb dh rtkjh Godk j? . GkJh nkdw ns/ wksk ;[byDh B{zg[Zso dh dks d/Dk,
GkJh wZyD kj b[pkD/ dk ijk ;w[ doh s{k B s'A pkjo eZYDk, fdZbh d/ t ho, t ho yK
dk ;ohfoe o'r d{o j'Dk, fJj ;G r[o{;kfjp dh tfvnkJh d/ gqwkD jB .
id ;[bjh yK uVQ e/ nkfJnk sK r[o{;kfjp B/ nkg nkgDh oZfynk bJh nodk;
ehsh, ;[bjh s/ BkokfJD oky[ (n r 825
825) . id f;ZyK B/ p/Bsh ehsh fe wjkoki ;[bjh yK

B dhe nk gj[fz unk fJ; bJh e'Jh T[gkU eo', e'Jh fuZmh d/ e/ pzdk G/i'iK nZr/b?D ikU .
sK i' T[; dk r[Z;k mzYk j't,/ sK r[o{ ;kfjp B/ fJe' rZb ejh, w?A ;G[ feS[ S'fv gqG[ s[jh
fXnkfJnk (nr 371
371). ;' r[o{ ;kfjp B/ pkDh ftZu doi ehsk Le'Jh g[s[ f;y[ ;/tk eo/ ;fsr[o{ eh fs;[ ekoi ;fG ;tko/ ..
i' fJS? ;' cb[ gkfJ;h g[s[ XB[ bywh yfV w/b/ jfo fB;sko/ ..
;fG fBXkB ;fsr[o{ ftfu fi;[ n dfo jfo T[o Xko/ ..
(n r 307
307))
Bkb jh fJj Gh T[gd/ fdZsk fe ;z;kfoe b'VK o{os nB[;ko
w rD ftZu ow fe; dh, i/ g[Zso fgT[ e'b'A BjhA w r/rk sK fe; e'b ikt/
rk . [ o wkB j? Lpkfoe tKrh jT[ ;G feS[ w rk ..
d/d/ s'N Bkjh gqG ozrk ..
g?oh g? g? pj[s[ wBkJh dhB dfJnkb r'gkbk ihT[ ..
(n r 99
99))
sK fe r[o{ ek f;Zy d[fBnkth uh K ftZu ygs j' e/ nkgD/ fB kB/
s'A GNe Bk ikt/ irQk irQk T[gd/ fdZsk LJ/j[ e[Nzp[ s{ fi d/ydk ub? Bkjh s/o? Bkb/..
;kfE s/o? ub? Bkjh fs;[ Bkfb feT[ fus[ bkJhn? ..
n?;k ezw[ w{b/ B ehu? fis[ n fs gS'skJhn? ..
;fsr[o{ ek T[gd/;[ ;[fD s{ j't? s/o? Bkb/ ..
ej? BkBe[ wB fgnko/ s{ ;dk ;u[ ;wkb/ .. (n r 918
918)
pj[ gqg u efo go XB[ fbnkt? ..
;[s dkok gfj nkfB b[Nkt? ..
wB w/o/ G{b/ egN[ B ehi? ..
n fs fBp/ok s/o/ ihn gfj bhi? ..
1 .. (ojkT[) (n r 656
..1
656))
fco fusktBh Gh fdZsh fe i/ fJBQK uh K ftu jh ihtB r[ ko
fdZsk sK LfSB[ fSB[ sB[ Shi? iok iBkt? ..
sp s/oh Ue e'Jh gkBhU B gkt? .. (n r 656
656))
fJ; soQK fgnko Bkb Gh ;wMkfJnk fe fisB/ Gh s/o/ ;e/ ;zpzXh
jB fJj ;G g{op iBfw e/ fwb/ ;zi'rh n sfj e' Bk ;jkJh . fJ; bJh

r[owfs ;/XK - 178

r[owfs ;/XK - 179

fJ; ftZu fbgs j' e/ iBw fpqEk BjhA rtkT[Dk go i' gqkbpX nB[;ko fwb fojk j? T[; B{z e
[ o
e
[ o eoe/ G[u
z .
ekj{ dhB/~ gkN gNzpo ekj{ gbx fBtkok ..
ekj{ roh r'doh Bkjh ekj{ ykB gokok ..
1..
..1
nfjoy tkd[ B ehi? o/ wB ..
;[feqs[ efo efo bhi? o/ wB .. (n r 479
479))
r[o{ ;kfjp B/ nkg frqj;E ftu fBob/g ofj e/, g{oB/ gk e/
r[of;ZyK B{z ihtB ;/X fdZsh . whoh ghoh d/ wkbe ;qh r[o{ jfo r'fpzd ;kfjp
s/ id fJZe ;kX{ B/ soe wkoh fe r[o{ BkBe dk wfs T[dk; tkbk ;h s[;hA
wkfJnk ftZu ygs j' rJ/ j' sK wjkoki dk T[Zso ;h, ;zs ih !
wkfJnk r[ okB, g[ Z so fB kB, n" o s JhwkB
pkp/ BkBe wkfJnk fsnkrh ;h, ;z;ko BjhA fsnkfrnk ;h
ns/ r[of;ZyK B{z T[gd/ fdZsk fe ;z;koh [w/tkohnK fBGkT[Ad/ j'J/
gow/ o B{z :kd oZyDk jh f;Zyh j?.
fsB ek ykXk g?Xk wkfJnk ;G[ gfts[ jfj i' Bkfw jfo oks/ ..
fsB e/ xo w do wjb ;okJh ;fG gfts[ jfj
fiBh r[ow[fy ;/te f;y nfGnkrs ikfJ to;ks/..
fsB e/ s[o/ ihB y[orho ;fG gfts[ jfj
fiBh r[ow[fy f;y ;kX ;zs ufV iks/ ..
fsB e/ eow Xow ekoi ;fG gfts[ jfj
i' p'bfj jfo jfo okw Bkw[ jfo ;ks/ .. (n r 648
648))
;fsr[o{ ih f;Zy dk b'e gob'e ;[nkoB bJh T[gd/ d/ oj/ jB fe
;fsr[o{ r[Dk dk kBk j? i?;h wB k eo e/ ;/tk eo/rk t?;h t;s{ fwb
ikJ/rh go d[fBnkth uh s/o/ Bkb BjhA ikDh, Bkb ikD tkbh ns/
gob'e ftu ;jkJh j'D tkbh fJe' uh j?, T[j j? gqG{ dk Bkw .
;zfr B ukbf; s/o? XBk .. s{z fenk bgNktfj w{oy wBk ..
;[s whs e[Nzp no[ pfBsk .. fJB s/ ejj[ s[w etB ;BkEk ..
oki ozr wkfJnk fp;Eko .. fJB s/ ejj[ etB S[Neko ..
n;[ j;sh oE n;tkoh .. M{mk vzc[ M{m[ gk;koh .. (n r 288
288))

jfo jfo Bkw[ ewktBk BkBe fJj[ XB[ ;ko[ .. (n r 288

288))
fJ; bJh r[o{ ;kfjp B/ r[opkDh ftZu tko-tko f;Zy B{z ;wMkfJnk
j? fe ihtB ;bk eoB bJh w rD tkbh i/ e'Jh uh j? sK gqG{ dk Bkw
s/ f;s ;bkj j?, J/j' w r .
wkrBk wkrB[ Bhek jfo i;[ r[o s/ wkrBk .. (n r 1018
1018))
w/o/ bkb Gb' o/ Gb' o/ jfo w rBk .. (n r 678
678))
ifg wB okw Bkw[ fB;skok ..
e'N e'Nzso e/ gkg ;fG y't? jfo Gtib[ gkfo T[skok ..
(n r 720
720))
go id sZe fJj T[gd/ f;y d/ fjod/ ftZu t; e/ wkB;e
nt;Ek T[Zuh BjhA j[zdh ;z;kfoe b'VK dh fyZu g?Adh ofjzdh j? . n?;/ nB/e
r[o{ d/ fgnko/ gfjbK j' u[Ze/ ns/ j[D Gh jB i' fBo'b nksfwe T[Bsh bJh
jfo i;, Bkw f;woB ns/ ;/tk eod/ jB . r[o{ ;kfjp GktBk nB[;ko f;Zy
d/ Gb/ bJh nodk;K gqtkB eoe/ wB' ekwBk g{ohnK eod/ jB. r[o{ e/ f;y
dksK gqkgs eoe/ r[o{ d/ [eokB/ ti'A sB wB XB nogB eod/ jB ns/
nodk; Bk g{oh j'D s/ Gh r[o{ dh o k ftu ofjzd/ jB . idfe d[fBnkth
pzd/ ;z;koh uh K dh s'N j'D s/ gk b j[zd/ ns/ j'o wkBf;e fpwkohnK dk
f eko j[zd/ d/y/ rJ/ jB . gfNnkb/ fjo dk gqf;ZX eth do B f;zx ntkok
g[Zso d/ woB s/ oZp s'A jh w[Beo j' frnk ns/ feskp fby wkoh w?A pk h
jK .
nkT[ j[D r[owfs nB[;ko T[; pd dh thuko eohJ/ fi; dk
okrh f; x wrB j' e/ ehosB okjhA ;q'fsnK dh y[ h gqkgs eoe/ wkfJe
fsqgsh eo oj/ ;h . wkM eh tko ftu fJjk pkotK ;b'e ;qh r[o{ BkBe d/
t wjkoki dk T[ukoB ehsk j'fJnk j? .
w{b gkm fJ; soQK j? L1a
e?jk ezuB[ s[N? ;ko[ .. nrBh rzY[ gkJ/ b'jko[ ..
2
r'oh ;/sh s[N? Gsko[ .. g[sh rzY[ gt? ;z;kfo ..
3a
okik w r? fds? rzY[ gkfJ. G[fynk rzY[ gt? ik ykfJ ..
4a
ekbk rzY[ Bdhnk whj M'b .. rzY[ gohsh fwm/ p'b ..
5a
p/dk rzY[ p'b/ ;u[ e'fJ .. w[fJnk rzY[ B/eh ;s[ j'fJ ..
6a
J/s[ rzY[ tos? ;z;ko[ .. w{oy rzY[ gt? w[fj wko ..

;kfE B ukb? fpB[ GiB fpfynk ;rbh Sko[ ..

r[owfs ;/XK - 180

7a

BkBe nky? J/j[ phuko[.. f;csh rzY[ gt? dopkfo ..

(n r 143
143)

noE L1a
e?jk (eK;h) iK ;[fJB/ iK b'j/ dh i/ e'Jh uh N[ZN ikJ/
sK nZr ftZu gk e/ b[jko i'V fdzdk j? Gkt nZr Bkb N[ZNh rzYh iKdh j?.
2a
i/ fJ;soh ns/ g[oy dh yN gN j' ikJ/ . fJ;soh bV e/
ej/ w?A g/e/ ubh jK ns/ g[oy r[Z;/ Bkb efj d/t/ fe fiE/ iKdh j? ikj, sK,
i/ g[Zso MrV/ B{z d/y e/ o'Adk o'Adk ftZu nk ikJ/ sK g[Zso B{z d/y e/ w'j t;
r[Z;k mzYk j' iKdk j? ns/ fco wB w[Nkt sw j' e/ rzY g? iKdh j? .
3a
oki/ dh feogk T[; T[s/ j[zdh j? i' oki/ dk bkfJnk N?e;
ndk eo/ ns/ G[y/ dh gqhs d/D tkb/ Bkb o'Nh yk e/ g?Adh j? .
4a
ekb g?D Bkb Xosh gkN iKdh j? ns/ BdhnK ;[Ze
iKdhnK jB go whAj g?D Bkb BdhnK ns/ Xosh joh Goh j' iKdh j? ns/
p;sh d/ b'e i' ekb g?D ekoD d/ SZv e/ ub/ iKd/ jB fco tkg;
nkgD/ d/ gos nkT[Ad/ jB . fJ; soQK whAj g?D ekoB fJBQK dh rzY fco
nkgD/ d/ Bkb g? iKdh j? . fJ;/ soQK d[BhnK ftZu fJZe d{i/ Bkb fwZm/
p'bK Bkb gqhs g?Adh j? .
5a
p/dK (Xkofwe rqzEK) dk fgnko ;fseko T[;/ pzd/ B{z T[gidk
j? i' ;Zu p'b/.
6a
;ko/ ;z;ko dk fJe d{i/ Bkb tos ftjko fJBQK rZbK
eoe/ j' fojk j? go w{oy pzdk w{ j s/ ug/V g?D ekoB jh fYZbk g? e/
;fseko eodk j? ns/ fwZsosk pDdh j? .
7a
T[gobhnK S/ T[dkjoBK d/ e/ ;qh r[o{ BkBe d/t wjkoki
c[owkT[Ad/ jB fe GkJh n;bh ns/ ;jh thuko dh rZb fJj j?, fe fJ;/ soQK
gqw/ o Bkb fgnko gkT[D bJh ;G s'A T[Zsw uh T[; dh f;cs ;bkj j?
Gkt gow/o Bkb rzY iK fgnko gkT[D bJh r[opkDh dk gkm, ikg ns/ ehosB jh ;jkJh j[d
z k
j? .
j[D n dk k bkJhJ/ r[o{ ;kfjp f;Zy B{z eh T[gd/ d/ oj/ jB ns/
frnkBjhD ;kv/ gqukfoe ikD/ iK nDikD/ f;Zy ;zrsK B{z eh T[gd/ d/
oj/ jB . d{;o/ gk;/ oXkjhD jT[w/ ftZu ro;/ j'J/ nyT[sh p[ZXhihth r[o{
xo ftZu gqtkfBs g qgoktK Bz{ oZp Bkb ;"d/pk h efj e/ fyZbh T[vk oj/ jB

r[owfs ;/XK - 181

.
i/ sK e'Jh r[of;Zy w r g{oh j'D s/ r[o{ s'A d{o j' e/ e/tb dks
Bkb jh uwV ikt/ ns/ tko-tko fJ; soQK eo/ fco sK r[o{ Bkb tgko iK
;"d/pk h ejh ik ;edh j? . go i/ e'Jh gqkDh w r g{oh j'D s/ f;detkB
pD ikt/ iK fe;/ f;detkB r[o f;Zy dh ekwBk g{oh j'D T[gozs oXk
tXk e/ r[o{ d/ B/V/ j' ikt/ ns/ nkgDh T[dkjoB dZ; e/ j'oBK bJh gq/oBk
;q's pD ikt/ sK fJ; B{z ;"d/pk h dh ;zr:k d/Dh fpbe[b T[fus BjhA j?.
;fsr[o{ ih ;G dk Gbk eo' ih, ;G B{z p ' ih LBkw dkB, e/; dkB .
f;Zyh f;de, Go';k dkB .
r[owfs dkB, fpp/e dkB .
fBor[Bhnko/ r[B[ Bjh e'Jh
s[w dkB[ d/j[ fwjotkBk ..
tkfjr[ o { ih ek kb;k, tkfjr[ o { ih eh f sj ..
!!!

r[owfs ;/XK - 183

pkpk j'o[ g?BD[ y[;h y[nko[

nkfd ekb ftZu ;oho B{zrowh ;odh s'A pukT[D bJh ns/ ;wki ftu ;dkukfoe
ihtB ihT[D bJh egV/ gkJ/ iKd/ ;B . ;wK gk, e/ fJj pzd/dh nkofEe ;woZEk d/ gqshe pD
rJ/ ns/ ns ftu ;wki ftu nkgDh jzekoh fpqsh nB[;ko egfVnK d/ Bkb Bkb ehwsh XksK
ns/ gZEoK okjhA wB[ZyK d/ nkgD/ pkj{ pb, ;wkfie uVQs ns/ ;ohfoe ;[d
z osk d/ gqrNkt/ dk
wkfXnw pD e/ jh ofj rJ/ .
f;nkfDnK d/ eEB nB[;ko fe;/ ftnesh d/ nkuko, ftuko ns/
njko dk gsk ;fji/ jh T; dh s'o, pkDh ns/ fbpk; (osko, r[sko,
d;sko) s'A bZr iKdk j? . wB'ftfrnkBhnK d/ fBoD/ w[skfpe egV/ dh
pBktN ns/ ozr dk pzd/ dh e hns Bkb v{zxk ;zpzX j? . fiZE/, jbe/
ozr d/ y[ZbQ/ egV/ pzd/ dh ;fji nt;Ek, rzGhosk ns/ thukotkB j'D d/
gqshe jB T[E/ GVehb/ ozr d/ szr egV/ wB dh uzubsk, ugbsk ns/
row i' h dk gqrNktk eod/ jB . fJ;/ bJh epho ;kfjp B/ nkgDh pkDh
ftu nfij/ pzd/ pko/ eNky Go/ pd tos/ jB .
N/Yh gkr N/Y/ ub/ bkr/ pho/ ykB ..
GkT[ Grfs f;T[ eki[ B eS{n? w/o' ekw[ dhtkB .. (n r 1124
1124)
fiE/ ;'jDh ;{os E'VQ/ fuo bJh fe;/ B{z b[GkfJwkB eoB ftZu
;woZE j? T[E/ nZSh ;hos d/o se n;odko j[zdh j? . fJ; bJh r[o{ ;kfjp B/
f;Zy B{z nkofEe, ;wkfie ns/ gowkofEe T[Bsh bJh jw/ K nZSh ;hos
XkoB eoB s/ 'o fdZsk j? . pkjobh ;{os B{z fiE/ e;[zGV/ d/ c[Zb Bkb ns/
f;zpb d/ o[Zy Bkb s thj fdZsh j? T[E/ ;hos B{z gZe/, ;dht ekb ofjD
tkb/ wihm ozr Bkb tfvnkfJnk j? . [owkB j? LjE[ B bkfJ e;[zGV? ifb ik;h Y'bk .. (n r 794
794))
f;zwb o[y[ ;okfJok nfs dhox nfs w[u[ ..
UfJ nktfj nk; efo ikfj fBok;/ fes[ ..
cb fce/ c[b pepe/ ezfw B nktfj gs .. (n r 470
470))
prk pr/ egV/ shoE w fM t;zfB
B~~ ..

x[fN x[fN ihnk yktD/ pr/ B ejhnfB

ejhnfB~~ .. (n r 729
729))
;ohoe ;[zdosk d/ w[ekpb/ [G r[D frqjD eoe/ wB B{z f zrkoB s/
'o fdZsk j? L;/Jh ;[zdo ;'jD/ .. ;kX;zfr fiB p?jD/ .. (n r 132
132))
;zsk eh j'fJ dk;oh J/j[ nukok f;y[ oh ..
;rb r[Dk r[D T{sw' Gosk d{fo B fgy[ oh ..
1..
..1
fJj[ wB[ ;[zdfo nkgDk jfo Bkfw wihm? ozfr oh (n r 400
400))
;yh ekib jko szp'b ;G? feS[ ;kfink ..
;'bj ehJ/ ;hrko fe n iB[ gkfink ..
i/ xfo nkt? ezs[ s ;G[ feS[ gkJhn? ..
jfojK ezs? pkM[ ;hrko[ ;G[ fpoEk ikJhn? .. (n r 1361
1361))
ehwsh rfjD/ gkT[D dh EK [G r[DK dk f zrko eoB dh fjdkfJs
ehsh fi; Bkb ;KJh d/ do gqtkB j' ;ehJ/ .
wB[ w'sh i/ rjDk j't? gT[D[ j't? ;{s Xkoh ..
fywk ;hrko[ ekwfD sfB gfjo? okt? bkb fgnkoh ..
1..
..1
bkb pj[ r[fD ekwfD w'jh .. s/o/ r[D j'fj B ntoh ..
1..
..1
ojkT[ ..
jfo jfo jko[ ezfm b/ gfjo? dkw'do[ dzs[ b/Jh ..
eo efo eosk ezrB gfjo? fJB fpfX fus[ Xo/Jh ..
2..
..2
wX[;{dB[ eo w [doh gfjo? gow/;o[ gN[ b/Jh .. (n r 359
359))
ifrnk;{ o{g fJ;soh ns/ ;z;kfoe gsBh bJh nkgD/ gsh B{z
ohMkT[D bJh cohd ;kfjp dk fJj ;KMk T[gd/ ewkb dh ihtB ;/X
p dk j? .
fBtD[ ;[ nyo[ ytD[ r[D[ fijpk wDhnk w s[ ..
J/ sq? G?D/ t/; efo sK tf; nkth ezs[ ..
(n r 1384
1384))
r[o{ noiB d/t wjkoki nB[;ko ;ko/ f zrko eoB dk sZs ;ko
nkgD/ fgnko/ dh [ h gqkgs eoBk jh j? .
fis[ xfo fgfo ;'jkr[ pDkfJnk .. fss[ xfo ;yhJ/ w rb[ rkfJnk ..
nBd fpB'd fss? xfo ;'jfj .. i' XB ezfs f;rkoh ihT[ ..
1..
..1
;k r[Dtzsh ;k tvGkrfD .. g[sqtzsh ;hbtzfs ;'jkrfD ..

r[owfs ;/XK - 184

r[owfs ;/XK - 185

o{gtzfs ;k ;[xfV fpuyfD i' XB ezs fgnkoh ihT[ ..

2..
..2
nkukotzfs ;kJh goXkB/ .. ;G f;zrko pD/ fs;[ frnkB/ ..
;k e[btzsh ;k ;GokJh i' fgfo e? ozfr ;tkoh ihT[ ..
3.. (n r 97
..3
97))
;fsr[o ih dk jo gqkDh wkso bJh eh wB[Zy s/ eh fJ;soh ;G
tk;s/ ;KMk fJZe jh T[gd/ j? . i/ f;Zyh XkoB eoB ftZu jZe pokpo
fJ;soh dk j? sK ofjs oZyD dh skehd Gh d'BK bJh fJe' j?. i/ gow/ o
dh pDkJh ;kps ;{os B{z GzBD tkbk (o'wK dh p/ ndph ns/ ;[zBs eoB
tkbk) g[o ;fsr[o{ B{z gqtkB BjhA sK ezB BZe ftzBQ e/ ns/ nZyK d/ GotZN/
eN e/ ;kps ;{os B{z GzBD tkbh fJ;soh r[o{ ;kfjp B{z fe; soQK gqtkB j'
;edh j? < fJ;/ bJh g[oksB ofjsBkfwnK s/ nkXkos q'wDh r[od[nkok
gqpzXe ew/Nh tb'A Sgh f;y ofjs wo:kdk ftZu r[owfs dh ofjDh f;ob/
y j/m n r (u) ftZu fbfynk j? fe f;Zy wod nEtk fJ;soh bJh BZe,
ezB S/dBk wBQK j? .
ebrhXo wjkoki t/b/ s'A b? e/ g Ee oki;h ;zxo sZe f; x,
f;zxDhnK fJZe' wo:kdk nXhB ftuod/ oj/ . ;btko ewh , e/;eh ;fjs
k;soXkoh j'D ekoB jh f;zxDhnK w'Y/ Bkb w'Yk vkj e/ w?dkfB izr
ftZu i{MdhnK ojhnK jB . gfNnkb/ d/ pkpk iZ;k f; x d/ v/o/ pko/ pj[s
xZN b'eK B{z gsk j? fe fJj v/ok wjkokik ;kfjp f; x t/b/ s'A fJZe wkJh
i; e"o d/ BkT[A s/ uZb fojk j? i' fe pj[s eoBh tkbh ;h ns/ wjkokik
;kfjp B/ T[; d/ ihtB s'A gqGkfts j' e/ jh fJj v/ok pDkfJnk . wkJh ih
dh ofjDh pfjDh s/ g[ ke f;zxK tkbh j'D eoe/ jh b'eK ftZu BkT[A iZ;k
f; x g? frnk ns/ v/o/ dk BkT[A v/ok pkpk iZ;k f; x gouZbs j' frnk .
gdw G{ B vkeNo GkJh tho f; x ih B/ Gh nkgDh g[;se okDk ;{os
f; x ftZu i' c'N' okDh oki e"o dh fdZsh j? fJ;/ soQK j? ns/ GkJh ;kfjp
GkJh oDXho f; x ih B/ nkgD/ iZE/ dhnK f;zxDhnK dh g[ ke fJ;/ soQK
oZyh j? ns/ f;zx ;kfjp joGiB f;zx :'rh ih dk fJ; tko/ T[Zdw bkxk
:'r j? .
okigkN ns/ ;odkohnK gk e/ wkfJnk d/ gqGkt j/m fiE/ ;odkoK
ftZu y[ZbQ/ d"o okp d/ uZb gJ/ T[E/ ;odkoBhnK dh jkbs fJ; s'A Gh fro
rJh . sBykjBkwk GkJh Bzd bkb nB[;ko ebrhXo wjkoki dk [owkB
j? fe

ezxk d'B' tes eo gkr u[B? eo pKX .

dksD Bhs eo? B d{y gkt? bkb ih .
T[E/ ;odkoBhnK dh fJj jkbs j' rJh fe wok;DK nk e/ whYhnK
eoe/ ;Zrh c[Zb gk e/ T[Zuk f;o r[zddhnK ;B ns/ js/ fgS'A d[pkok
eodhnK ;B . j[D jkbs fJj j' rJh gfjbK u[zBh bkjh fco goKdh SZv e/
tkb y'b bJ/ ns/ j[D eZND/ [o{ j' rJ/ . fszB fszB fJzu bzp/ Bj[z tXk e/ B/
b gkfb brk ns/ G{sBhnK tKr tkb fybko e/ fejVh phph j[D w?dkfB
izr ftu nkgD/ f;zx Bkb vN/rh iK bzro dh ;/tk eo ;e/rh <
e'Jh ;wK ;h ;oho B{z eiD bJh egV/ gkJ/ iKd/ ;B go nZieZb
egVk gkodo e j'D eoe/ ns/ f;bkJh gZy'A fJ; soQK dk ;hsk iKdk j? fe
;oho d/ jo n r dk T[Gko ;fji/ jh iB ;XkoB d/ fdq Nh r'uo j' ikt/ .
fi; soQK dk w/e-ng nZieZb fpT{Nh gkobo ftZu phphnK eoKdhnK jB
;kv/ S'N/ j[zfdnK e/tb ueb/ tkbhnK n"osK jh eodhnK ;B . g ikph
;fGnkuko dk n r, u[zBh dh p[eb fgZS/ eJh v{zx/ oki fSg/ j'J/ ;B i' j[D
;[gBk j' rJ/ . n?;/ egV/ gfjB ns/ fpT{Nh gkobo dh f zrkoh fJ;soh id
fe;/ wBub/ :[te dh jt; dk f eko j[zdh j? sK o"bk g? iKdk j? fe
pbkseko j' frnk . id fe ebrhXo wjkoki d/ p / pkD/, e/;eh tkbh,
u[zBh dh p[eb ns/ soXkoh f;Zy phph d/ fujo/ d/ ibkb tZb e'Jh
wBubk d/yD dh fjzws jh BjhA eo ;edk .
eh kfJdk n?;h n?;h 6 fJzu bzph u[zM tkbh gZr dk i' r[o dopko
ftZu wZEk N/eD ftZu o[ektN pD/ . skBg[o/ d/ y'b torh szr g?AN, ewhi
iK ;btko dk eh eoBk j? fi; Bkb pZ; ftZu uVQfdnK jh f;T[DK T[ZXV
ikD iK g rs ftu p?m e/ bzro jh Bk Sfenk ik ;e/ . n?;h fbpk;
gfjBD dk eh noE fi; Bkb ;oho Bzrk j't/ iK ekw[e fpqsh gquzv j't/ .
fJ; bJh d[BhnK d/ wB'ftfrnkB d/ f;ow"o vkeNo r[o{ BkBe d/t wjkoki
;Zu/ gks kj B/ ;jh ihtB ;/X d/D bJh efj fdZsk .
pkpk j'o[ g?BD[ y[;h y[nko[ ..
fis[ g?X? sB[ ghVhn? wB wfj ubfj fteko (n r 16
16))
fJZe gk;/ nkofEe gowkofEe ihtB dh ;jh ;/X d/D tkbk
r[owfs dk rkvh okj j? . d{;o/ gk;/ d[fBnkth ozr obhnK wBkT[D bJh
wBw[yK dk o;sk j? . nZi ;kok ;z;ko XB fJeZmk eoB ftZu ns/ i'pB B{zf r
z koB ftZu yus j?

681 - KX/; sfwo[r

r[o{ rqzE ns/ r[o{ g E

;op b'j rqE
z ftZu d;w/ ih d/ puB jB L
nkgB'g' ;qh ykb;/ dhBk d[shnk o{g ;fsr[o{ rqzEk ..
r[BkB tkd g[fB f;cs ;bkjB T{ms p?ms ;?B eozEk ..
gktB g E ykb;k gqrfNU uko poB nk ow [G g Ek ..
fJB e' do; ;fsr[ o { e' do B p' b B r[ o { ;pd r[ o rq z E k ..
d`kd; o{g ;fsr[o{ J/ ejhns d`kd; GkB gqrfN jfo izsk ..
gqs:y ebk gkopqjw XDhS? rqzE g E ykb; toszsk ..
dk; r'fpzd cfsj ;fsr[o e' yk; rqzE r[o{ o{g pdzsk ..
noE L- w?A nkgDk nkg kb;/ B{z nogD fdZsk ns/ w/ok d{;ok
o{g ;fsr[o{ rzqE (;kfjp) j? . (fJ; rqzE dh oB ftZu p?m e/) gow/ o d/
r[D rkT[D/ ns/ f;s ;bkj eoBh ukjhdh j? ns/ T[md/ p?md/ jo t/b/
:kd eoBk ukjhdk j? . uko poBK ns/ uko/ nk owK tkbk gow gftZso
kb;k g E gorN j'fJnk j?. fJ; kb;/ d/ do B (r[o{ d/ ;ohfoe) do B
jB ns/ r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp d/ pd gVQB Bkb r[o{ Bkb rZbK j[zdhnK jB .
fJ; rqzE g E d/ ykb; tosko/ ftZu gkopqjw gow/ o dh gosZy ebk tos
ojh j? . (w?A) r'fpzd, dk; (o{g ftZu) fJ; k; rqzE B{z r[o{ dk o{g ikD e/
s fj p[ b kT[ A dk jK .
fJ; soQK d;w fgsk B/ ;ohfoe s"o s/ kb;/ ftZu nG/dsk kfjo
ehsh j? ns/ nksfwe s"o s/ ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ftZu i'fs eo e/ fJefwe
jB .
d{;o/ s"o s/ Gh i/ d/fynk ikt/ sK ;oho (fg v) ns/ (ihU) nksfwe
i'fs Bkb fJj ;oho dh y/v ub ojh j? . ;oho s'A p ?o i'fs BjhA fNe
;edh . i/ fes/ ;oho s'A p ?o fe;/ xo e'Jh p'bD bZr ikt/ sK b'e G{s
w Bd/ jB ns/ nksfwe i'fs p ?o fJj ;oho fwZNh dh fJZe Y/oh j? .
nekbh j[ew n do ;qh r[o{ okwdk; wjkoki ns/ g uw fgsk dk
f;ofink ;qh jfow do ;kfjp ftZu ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp d/ gqek o{g ftu r[o{
;kfjp dh nkswk fBtk; eo ojh j? ns/ ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp d/ eo

hdg
A? okw hjB
{ z KBd
' Ksj? hdj[z bEg
[ bET
[ h;iko diy'Zo dk: efj? kshe su
/ ;
[ B
/ p/kpo{r
[ og .
. ?j
)7 1 4 r n( Jfkb [rzo /yo h~Bif /J'j ho?t Jf[d [Bp'i [BX
gkn A'utf Krokw Kj'd . ?j /Dwjk; Knofk; /vk; kek; kd 4891
ef ksZdf oe kBoBf /B Ko[rsf; og . ?j EZj /vkj[s ?j hBoe D'u hd ;ef /B
.. knJfkn B /de [V'i Knhok;?; ?s ksrG
.. knJfkb[G kd ?;ef ?b[G B ?j [b[Gn gfkn ksoe
.. knJfkwe u; 'u; hBif [Bnbf/w /gkn srG
.. knJfky [ypf bf'p bf'p [V{e hBif [BnJfkn[y gfkn hok;?;
)5 4 1 r n(
hJke[b hthihX[p yZ;f hs"yn hdkt okd[T /ybf /QVg /;kg eZJf /EZif
/d Knofkn[do[r /vZt /vZt /;kg /o;{d Bj /dMw; oy uZtf D[Tkg /jko[e z{B
;Jf eofkuqg hj kbotf hJ'e . Bj KnhyZo Nhw KyZn AU;fkg ;Jf /B KeXzpqg
/bkt K;/e hQVkd e/Bn g{o;bc . ?j kdA[Tktbdf BknXf kd Ksrz; /;kg
z{B Dy/d wkn uZtf Knofkn[do[r hyZo /s o;f hg'N A'Sgf DQBzp keNg /v [w
bkB Kbkt /Qb[Zy Bjfg ktkojfg b{esfqg /d sfwo[r KQos /;Jf . Bj /dbwf
ibke b{e; . ?j AhjB e'N e'o hJ'e hG hJb D[Tkn /okn[do[r /d KnheVb
hDgkn hG /w'; ewfokX di /sn AhjB hj V'b hJ'e hd ;Jf Ks z{B Knbfkt
L Bj /dykn ehm hdkpkjkbn open ocf DMw; kB hokt/wz[
. h e o k d o e f / e g k p K w / ; K j e / J k n { p A / w b c s f1
. he okeo; ?j whbks ,kngf kd /pZv X{d
?j hok kp sec ?j knef j't ?j hski hd 'i whbks
. ?j hokeo; sec ?j knef j[t ?j hski hJkby;f ben 'i
. Knhphp dzu hJkn o B 'i kdog /p bZe
. knrf Vr /w BAhw A/w hw"e sfo?r open
. kn{j knef j[t ,kdog ke gkn 'i ,kS{g
. knrf Vg he A'dow /g ben ef ,Ahb'p
!!!

kuZp&bcsf a1

r[owfs ;/XK - 188

r[owfs ;/XK - 189

ewbK dh ouBk ;qh nekb sys ;kfjp r[o{dk ;oho fpd:wkB j? .

nkswk fBozeko dk ;o{g, nfdq N j? fJ; bJh r[o{;kfjp B/ ;qh jfow do ;kfjp B{z
BhtK oZfynk j?. go ;oho kjok s"o s/ gqsZy fdydk j? fJ; bJh nekb s s ;kfjp Gh,
jfow do ;kfjp d/ w[ekpb/ d{oA' fdyD tkbk T[Zuk j? . nksfwe i'fs ;G ftZu fJe' fijh
gqek wkB j? L
;G wfj i'fs i'fs j? ;'fJ .. n r 13
..
13..
ns/ ;koh f;q Nh bJh fJZe' fijh p eoB tkbh j? fJ; bJh
jfow do ;kfjp d/, r[o{ ;kfjp B/ ;G bJh uko dotk / oZy/ jB ns/
nksfwe G'iB bJh nekbh pkDh dk Gzvko ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp fpokiwkB
jB . fe;/ d/ , B;b, ozr, ikfs, Xow iK fcoe/ dk pzdk j't/, gowkswk
;G bJh fJe' fijk fdnkb{ j? fJ; bJh jfow do n do ;G dh nodk;
gqtkB j?, ;G dh G/Nk gqtkB j[zdh j? . fJE/ ykb;k g E dk gqtkfDs i? ekok
p'b/ ;' fBjkb ;fs ;qh nekb BjhA p[bkfJnk iKdk ns/ kb;/ dh d /
s / s f j dh ekwBk BjhA ehsh iKdh .
;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ;ko/ XowK d/ ;KMhtkbsk dk gqshe j'D eoe/
pkeh ;ko/, g{oph ns/ gZSwh XowK Bkb ;zpzfXs gqG{ Bkw, okw, ojhw, joh,
gow/ o, nbkj nkfd doi jB go kfJd tkfjr[o{ ( kb;/ dk r[ow sq)
gqrN o{g ftZu BjhA j? go r[gs o{g ftZu fes/ tkj[-tkj[ d/ o{g ftZu fes/
r[o{-r[o{ d/ o{g ftu fwbdk j?. nkswk ftZu fwbktN dh e'Jh r[zikfJ
BjhA . fJ; bJh jfow do ;kfjp ftZu fBo'b ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp dh pkDh,
d;w fgsk dh gqtkfDs pkDh, g uw fgsk s'A gqtkfDs GkJh r[odk; dh
pkDh iK ebrhXo wjkoki s'A gqtkfDs GkJh Bzd bkb dh pkDh dk jh
ehosB j' ;edk j? . j'o e'Jh pkjobh ouBk BjhA gVQh iKdh ns/ Bk jh
eEk j' ;edh j? feT[Afe eEk ftZu eEktkue dk fBZih ftuko ns/ fBZih
nB[Gt kwb j[zdk j? i' o{j dh pokpoh BjhA eo ;edk . fJfsjkf;e s"o s/
;qh r[o{ noiB d/t wjkoki d/ r[opkDh dh eEk eoB d/ ;p{s fwbd/ jB
fiBQK pko/ GZN fbyd/ jB L
r[o[ noi[B[ gosyQ jfo .. n r 1409 ..
;' r[o{ ;kfjp sK ;woZE ;B e'Jh j'o T[BQK dh pokpoh BjhA eo
;edk . fco Gh r[o{ ;kfjp dk nkgDk f;ofink n;EkB w ih ;kfjp fJ;/
ezw bJh pDkfJnk j'fJnk j?, fiZE/ j[D sZe fBozso eEk ns/ ehosB d/

y[Zb/Q gqtkj ;zrsK bJh ubd/ nk oj/ jB . gow/ o d/ j[ew nB[;ko ;qh r[o{ okwdk; wjkoki
ns/ g uw fgsk B/ kfJd jfow do ;kfjp fJ; fynkb Bkb fv kJhB ehsk j? fe Gtib
o{gh ;z;ko ;w[ do (;o'to), Gkt nkgDh ouh wkfJnk d/ n do jh gow/ o fBor[D o{g, joh
w do ftZu fpokiwkB j? .
nkghB? nkfg ;kfiU nkghB?~ ofuU BkT[ ..
d[:h e[dofs ;kihn? efo nk;D[ fvm' ukT[ .. n r 463 ..
fJ; sZe gj[zuD bJh r[o{ o{g g[b dh b'V g?Adh j? L
r[o[ gT[Vh p/Vh r[o{ r[o[ s[bjk jfo BkT[ .. n r 17
..
17..
jfow do ;kfjp ns/ nekb s s ;kfjp d/ ftueko d' fB kB
;kfjp, r[o{ ;kfjp tb'A p f nk f;XKs, whoh ghoh, ;zs f;gkjh ns/
fBor[D-;or[D ;o{g (ihT[ ns/ fg v) d/ gqshe jB. fJ; bJh r[od/t B/
fJ; f;XKs B{z g{ok eoB bJh jfow do d/ ;kjwD/ nekb s s dh [d
nkgD/ jZEK Bkb f;oiBk ehsh. fJE/ jh ;fsr[o{ ih B/ ;so XkoB ehs/
. jfow do o{g ;zs ns/ nekb s s o{g f;gkjh d/ ;[w/b Bkb jh kb;k
g E dh ;zg{oBsk j[zdh j? .
fBor[D o{g ehoh iwkb B{z jfo ehos o{g G'iB ukjhdk j? ns/
;or[D o{g kjh ibkb B{z o'Nh eZgVk, wekB g?;k nkfd ;G e[M ukjhdk
j?, i' fe ;soK d/ nXhB j? fJ; bJh nekb s s ;kfjp s/ ;qh r[o{ rqzE
;kfjp gqek s'A T[u/ r[o{ ;kfjp ns/ j'o jhd f;zxK d/ ;so ;[GkfJwkB
jB . fJBQK d/ do B eoB Bkb r[o{ kb;/ B{z
ip nkt eh nT[X fBXkB pD?
nfs jh oD w? sp i{M woT[A .. d;w rqzE ..
dh g/ q o Dk fwbdh j? ns/ kb;/ dh d/ s/ s fj dk p' b k kb;/ B{ z uVQ d h
ebk tZb fbiKdk j? .
nfXnksfwe r[DK dk y kBk ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp nksfwe soZeh
bJh frnkB yVr cVe/ ftekoK s/ sfj gkT[D dh gq/oDk d/ fojk j? L
frnkB yVr[ b? wB f;T[ b{M? wB;k wBfj ;wkJh j/ ..
n r 1022
..
1022..
ns/ g Ee iE/pzdh B{z w p{s eoe/ [bw Bkb NZeo b?D bJh
nekb s s (d;w rqzE) T[gd/ eo fojk j? L
nf; feqgkB y v' yVe s[ge spo no sho ..

r[owfs ;/XK - 190

r[owfs ;/XK - 191

;?c f;o'jh ;?jEh :j? jwko/ gho ..

fiZE/ jfow do ;kfjp ;ko/ ;z;ko bJh, ;Zu/ T[gd/ dk ;KMk n;EkB
j?, T[E/ nekb s s ;kfjp kb;k g E dk fBZih n;EkB j? . kb;k g E
dh uVQdh ebk bJh r[ows/ fJE/ jh j[zd/ nkJ/ jB, fJE'A jh kb;k db e;{o
dh fiZs ns/ j'o w[fjzwK bJh i?eko/ SZv e/ Brko/ d/ u'N Bkb uVQkJh eodk
fojk j? . r[o{ e/ pk , i?s'A d/ w'ofunK bJh ns/ j'o okiBhfse gqkgshnK
bJh fJZE'A jh ?;b/ j[zd/ jB . r[opkDh ehosB d/ Bkb-Bkb eEk, Ykvh
tkoK, eth dopko ns/ j'o b?euo fJZE/ jh j[zd/ oj/ jB .
jfow do ;kfjp jo fJe bJh jo EK ikD dh y[ZbQ j? go nekb
sys ;kfjp s/ k; EK s/ e/tb n fwqsXkoh ofjs pfjs ftZu g{ok f;zx jh
ik ;edk j? . 1984 d/ xb{xko/ s'A gfjbK fJe ekh tZvk p'ov nekb
s s ;kfjp u bZfrnk j'fJnk w?A nkg d/fynk j? fi; T[Zgo fbfynk
j'fJnk ;h fJZE/ pkeh jo Xow d/ pzd/ dh nodk; G/Nk gqtkB j't/rh go
fi; n fwqsXkoh f;Zy B/ e'Jh e[ofjs ehsh j? iK ofjs ftZu e'Jh ewh
fdykJh j?, T[; dh G/Nk gqtkB BjhA j't/rh Bk jh nodk; j't/rh id sZe
T[j g i fgnkfonK tZb'A p f nk BjhA iKdk . fJ;/ bJh nekbh c{bk f;zx
iE/dko nekb s s ;kfjp tb'A wjkokik oDihs B{z e'oV/ wkoB dh ; k
;[DkJh rJh ;h ns/ T[; r[o{ d/ fgnko/ B/ fBwkDk f;Zy pD e/ G[Zb p ;kJh
;h ns/ fJj toskok j[D Gh uZb fojk j? .
jfow do ;kfjp ftZu fpokiwkB fBor[D ;o{g Bk tkB BjhA go
;or[D ;o{g Bk tkB j? fJ; bJh jfow do ;kfjp tkbk fB kB ;kfjp
T[Zuk j? ns/ nekb s s ;kfjp tZb dk fB kB ;kfjp S'Nk j? . fJ; s'A
fJbktk kb;k g E B{z d;w/ fgsk B/ ;qh r[o{ rqzE d/ skp/ oZfynk ;h i'
jfow do ;kfjp dk T[Zuk fB kB fJ; f;XKs B{z Gh gorN eodk j? .
ykb;k nekb g[oy eh c"i ..
gqrfNU ykb;k gowksw eh w"i .. (d;w rqzE)
fJ; nekbh "i B/ ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp n do gorN nekbh r[D,
d:k, Xow, ;fs, ;zs'y, fBoGT[, fBot?osk ns/ gow/ o d/ Grsh wkor s/
uZb e/ fJBQK r[DK dk g;kok ;z;ko ftu eoBk j? . fJ;/ bJh tZv/ xZb{xko/
t/b/ id seohpB shj g?Ash j ko kb;k gowksw eh w"i Bkb ik
fwfbnk, poBkb/ ;'do[ d/ gkm fgZSA' fJZe f;zx B/ ebrhnK tkb/ B{znkfi ns/ w;ehBh tkbk gq/

w Gfonk skjBk wkfonk ;h fe rqE

z B{zg E d/ bV bkfJnk ;h fJ; bJh
g E eh oy' sT{ rqzE eh oj?rh BkE .
g E i' B ojk s' rqzE eT[B wkB?rk .. (frnkBh frnkB f;zx)
ebrhnK tkb/ B/ n?;h ebk toskJh fe fJe ;kb d/ n do jh g E B/ bkj"o
sfj ehsh ns/ w[V 1984 sZe nfijk xZb{xkok BjhA tkgfonk .
fBor[D ;o{g (;zs) s'A T[gd/ fwbdk j? L
cohdk i' s? wkofB w[ehnK fsB~k B wko/ x[ fw ..
nkgBV? xfo ikJhn? g?o fsB~k d/ u[zfw .. n r 1378 ..

gfV nyo[ J/j' p[Mhn? .. w{oy? Bkfb B b[Mhn? .. n r 473 ..

r[o{ d/ ;or[D o{g nekb s s s'A T[gd/ fwbdk j? .
ip? pkD bkr? sp? o'; ikr? .. pfuZsq BkNe (d;w rqzE)
r[o fBzdk B ;[BJh ekB ..
GN/ eo? fs; ;zr feqgkB .. (ofjsBkw/)
ns/ kb;k g E dk fgSb/ fszB ;" ;kb dk fJfsjk; fJ;/ f;XKs d/ nkb/d[nkb/ x[ w fojk j? .
;fsr[oK dk fBor[D ;o{g (;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp dh pkDh) fszB r[DK
tkbh wkfJnk s'A fBob/g j?, go ;or[D ;o{g fJ; wkfJnk dk pfDnk j'D
eoe/ fJ; s/ ;E{b ns/ ;{y;w wkfJnk dh SkfJnk g? ;edh j? fJ; bJh
nekb s s d/ tko;K B{z jfow do ftZu'A nktk nkT[Adh j? L
syfs okik ;' pj? fi sys? bkfJe j'Jh ..
fiBh ;u[ gSkfDnk ;u[ oki/ ;/Jh .. n r 1088 ..
;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ftu fJ; ;{y;w wkfJnk s'A puD dh i' ;/X
fdZsh rJh j? L
i?;k ;zr[ fp;hno f;T[ j? o/ s?;' jh fJj[ go frqj[ ..
n r 403 ..
T[; B{z jh ft;sko Bkb ejkDhnK d/ o{g ftu d;w/ ih B/ d;w
rqzE d/ ufosq' gky:kD Gkr ftZu doi ehsk j? sK fe kb;k jfo gZy'A
;funko pD e/ ;bsk g{ope uVQdh ebk ftu oj/ . fJ;/ bJh Btkp
eg{o f;zx tor/ d{o-n d/ r[o{e/ f;ZyK B/ id nekb s s ;kfjp dh d[pkok T[;koh ehsh sK
d;w rqE
z dk gqek (e/tb) nekb s s s/ jh ehsk ns/ EVQk ;kfjp tb'A T[so ojhnK gT[Vh

r[owfs ;/XK - 192

r[owfs ;/XK - 193

dh wfjokp d/ ndotko ufosq'gky:kB ftZuA' fJj ;soK fbyhnK j'JhnK ;B i' fe BthA T[;koh
fJwkos ftZuA' rkfJp jB.
;[X ip s/ jw Xoh puB r[o dJ/ jwko/ ..
g{s fJj/ gqD s'fj gqkD ip br xN Eko/ ..
fBZi Bkoh e/ ;kfE B/j[ s[w fBs pYJh:j[ ..
go Bkoh eh ;/i G{fb ;[gB/ j{z B inJh:j[ .. (ufosq 21
21)
d;K jh r[o{ ;kfjp B/ ed/ Gh fe;/ B{z nkgDk Xow fsnkr e/ f;Zy
Xow ngDkT[D bJh BjhA fejk. pbfe ;G B{z fejk fe i/ s{z w[;bwkB j?
sK uzrk w[;bwkB pD, i'rh, ;fBnk;h nkfd B{z oZph r[D ns/ oZph G?
ftZu ofjD dh skehd ehsh . fJjh T[gd/ fjzd{, p'Xh ns/ i?Bh nkfd B{z
fdZsk . pqkjwD B{z T[gd/ fdZsk
;' pqjwD[ i' fpzd? pqjw[ .. n r 1411 ..

fe d;w/ ih B/ [d y vk gkj[b fsnko eoB t/b/ ig[ ih ;kfjp d/ gkm

fgZS'A ikg[, ;[Xk ;tZJhJ/ ns/ u"gJh dk gkm eoe/ fco nBzd[ ;kfjp dk
gkm ehsk ;h . gq gok nB[;ko j[D Gh y vk gkj[b fsnko eoB t/b/ fJ;/
soshp Bkb fJj pkDhnK gVQhnK iKdhnK jB . id [d ebrhXo wjkoki
fJ; pkDh B{z pokpo dk jZe d/ rJ/ jB sK j[D d/ n?o/ r?o/ ny"sh ftdtkBK
dh fJ; d/ ;kjwD/ eh t[es j? < pkpk dhg f;zx jhd dh fBsB/w dh g'Eh
fsT[Dk g[ikohnK f bQk pfmzvk s'A gqkgs j'Jh j?, T[; ftZu d'B'A rqzEK dhnK
pkDhnK, doi jB . ;' j[D j'o fe;/ gqwkD dh b'V fJ; wkwb/ ftZu BjhA
ojh .
f;Zy fw;bK t/b/ d'BK rqzEK dk fJZe' fijk ;fseko f;Zy eod/ ;B
ns/ g Ee ?;fbnK bJh ;ops kb;k d/ fJeZm ftZu r[owsk eoB
bJh d'BK rqzEK dk gqek j[zdk ;h . Johan Malcom B/ 1812 JhL ftZu
fbyh nkgDh feskp Life Sketch of the Sikhs ftZu fJ; soQK doi
ehsk j? .
When the chiefs meet upon this solemn occarsin
concluded that all private animosties ceases and the every man
sacrifices his personal feelings at the shrine of the general good,
and actanated by principles of pure patriotism, thinks of nothing
but the interest of religion and the commonwealth to which he
belong. When the chiefs and principal leaders are seated, the
'Adi Garanth' and Duswen "Padeshah Ka Garanth" are placed
before them. They all bend their heads before these scriptures
and exclaim"Waheguru Ji Ka Khalsa Waheguru Ji Ki Fateh".
i'fs o{g jfow do ;kfjp dk ;fseko nekb s s tb'A j[zdk fojk
j? . fJ;/ bJh nekb s s ;kfjp tZb dk fB kB ;kfjp S'Nk j? ;qh r[o{
rqzE ;kfjp wjkoki dk gqek ns/ ehosB sys ;kfjp s'A gfjbK [o{ j[zdk
j? . kw B{z ;'do[ dk gkm Gh s s ;kfjp s/ jfow do ;kfjp [o{ j'D s'A fgS'A
j[zdk j? . n?;k Gh gVQB B{z fwfbnk j? fe s s ;kfjp s/ ;opZs kb;/ d/
bJ/;
? fbnK bJh nodk; jfow do ;kfjp j[d
z h ojh j? . gqkuhB g E gqek d/ eosk osB
f;zx Gzr{ nB[;ko pkpk r[opy f;zx jhd B/ jhdh rkBk s s ;kfjp s/ pzBQ e/ nodk;
jfow do ;kfjp ehsh ;h . fJ; jfow do dh okyh bJh kb;k g E B/ fJsB/ f;o fdZs/ jB

ej[ epho i' pqjw[ phuko? .. ;' pqkjwD[ ejhns[ j? jwko? ..

n r 324 ..
go fi; B/ fejk fe w?A s[jkvh f;Zyh XkoB eoBh j? T[; B{z wjkoki
B/ dZf;nk fe GkJh f;Zyh XkoB eoB bJh y vk gj[b Se e/ g i eekoh
ofjs oZy ns/ ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp dk bV cVQ . ;' fJj ofjs r[o{ e/ f;ZyK
bJh j? fe;/ j'o bJh BjhA j? .
;G B{z gsk j? fe ;kv/ d/ d/ ;zftXkB pDkT[D tkb/ pj[s/ eKro;
gkoNh d/ pzd/ ;h i' nkg rKXh N'gh ns/ rKXh yZdo d/ eZgV/ gkT[Ad/ ;B i'
fe eKro; gkoNh d/ ftXkB nB[;ko ;h . go ftXkB feT[Afe ;ko/ d/ bJh
bkr{ j'Dk ;h fJ; bJh ftXkB xkVsK B/ rKXh yZdo ns/ rKXh N'gh
gfjBD bJh ftXkB ftZu fes/ BjhA fbfynk . fJ;/ soQK ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp,
e[Zb d[BhnK d/ gowkfEe ifrnk;{nK bJh j? fJ; bJh fJ; ftZu y vk
gj[b SeD ns/ g i eekoh ofjs doi BjhA ehsh . fJj e/tb r[o{ e/
f;ZyK bJh ofjsBkfwnK ftZu doi j? . j[D fijV/ b'e fJj efjzd/ jB
fe i/ f;Zy pDB bJh y vk gj[b ns/ g i eekoh ofjs dh e'Jh b'V
BjhA feT[Afe fJj ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ftu BjhA, w B b?Dk ukjhdk j?
fe T[j nfrnkBsk d/ ;w[ do ftZu r's/ yk oj/ jB .
fijV/ ny"sh ftdtkB fJj gquko eo oj/ jB fe d;w r[o{ dh
pkDh nkfd r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp dh pokpoh BjhA eo ;edh, T[j kfJd G[Zb rJ/

r[owfs ;/XK - 194

fe i/ ;koh goeowk ftu i'V e/ oZy d/JhJ/ sK Gh g{o/BjhA ;wK ;eDr/ . g E B{zr[fonkJh d;w/
ih B/ uwe"o dh rVQh ftZu p h, id g E dk j[ew w B e/ rVQh SZv e/ ub/ rJ/ ns/ rqE
z
B{zr[fonkJh i'sh i'fs ;wkT[D s'A gfjbK BzdV
/ (j o{ ;kfjp) fdZsh ;h . fJ; soQK nkfd r[o{rqE
z
;kfjp ns/ d;w rqE
z d/ ;[wb
/ Bkb pDdk j?, pkDh ns/ pkDk, d/r ns/ s/r, wkbk ns/ Gkbk,
;/tk ns/ f;woD tkb/ ;zs f;gkjhnK dk ;w{j g E kb;k . nfrnkBsk tZ; j[D d;w rqE
z
fto[ZXe[gu
q koeoBtkb/r[o{d/ihT[ns/fgvftukb/dhtkoyVQheoe/gkVkgkT[DbJhssgo
jB .
nkfd ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp dk ;dek r[o{ e/ f;Zy, gowkswk d/ Bkw
ftu bhB j' e/ t?okrh, fsnkrh, d:k, Xow, ;s, ;zs'y ns/ j'o oZph r[DK
tkb/ ;zs pD rJ/ . d;w/ fgsk B/ nkgDhnK d;w rqzE dhnK ouBktK
d[nkok fJBQK ;zsK B{z y v/, feqgkBK, sho ewkB ns/ GkfbnK Bkb ;ik e/
, w;s jkEhnK Bkb NZeo b?D tkb/, ;tk bZy Bkb bVB tkb/, d[fBnkth
s sK Bkb NZeo b?D tkb/ fBoGT[ f;zx ( /o) pDk fdZsk.
;kv/ d/ ftu gfjbK fJZe tor ;zsK dk ;h ns/ d{;ok tor
(okig{s) fBo'b f;gkjh ;h . fJeZbk fJeZbk gZy nX{ok ;h . fJ; bJh
[bkwh G[rsDh gJh . r[o{ BkBe, r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx (nkfd ;qh r[o{ rqzE
;kfjp ns/ d;w rqzE) dk ;dek fBnko/ sh;o/ g E tkfbnK B/ i' fJfsjk;
f;ofink T[j d[BhnK ftZu bkfw;kb j? .
nfjwd kj npdkbh Bkb nkJ/ fJfsjk;eko ek h B{o w[jzwd B/
, fJ; fBnko/ kb;/ d/ d'BK gZyK dh ;z;ko ;kjwD/ ;jh s;tho g/ eoe/
oZi e/ skoh ehsh j? .
fJBQK dk n;bh Bkw f;zx j? fi; dk wknBk fjzdh ftZu /o j? .
id fJj w?dkB/ izr ftZu j[zd/ jB sK /o tKr t?oh s/ MgNd/ jB ns/ id
nwB ftZu j[zd/ jB sK fJzB/ fdnkb{ j[zd/ jB fe jksw skJh (JhokB dk
fJZe pkd kj i' pj[s fdnkb{ ;h) B{z wks gk fdzd/ jB .
bzro pDk e/ T[Zuh nktk fdzd/ jB r[o{ ek bzro fsnko j? ;G
Se' . feZvk jh tZvk d[ wD nk e/ g rs ftZu p?m ikt/ fJj ed/ T[mkT[Ad/BjhA .
fiE/ nkfd r[o{ rqE
z ;kfjp fJeZm/ p?m e/ gow/ o d/ r[D rkfJB eoB dk T[gd/
eodk j?L
j'fJ fJesq fwbj[ w/o/ GkJh
d[fpXk d{fo eoj[ fbt bkfJ ..

r[owfs ;/XK - 195

jfo Bkw? e/ j'tj[ i'Vh r[ow[fy p?;j[ ;ck ftSkfJ ..

(n r 1185)
T[E/, d;w/ fgsk d/ d;w rqzE s'A to';kfJnk kb;k g E T[gob/
T[gd/ ewkT[D d/ Bkb jh Brko/ dh u'N Bkb, fB kB ;kfjp bfjokT[Adk
j'fJnk nBzdg[o ;kfjp dh uoB rzrk dh po/sh ftZu j'b/ wjZb/ s/ izrh
eosZpK Bkb g E B{z uVQdh ebk tZb fbiKdk j? .
!!!

r[owfs ;/XK - 197

;qh wkB ;zs nso f;zx ih (w;s{nkDk)

d/ nBw'b puB
;zs nso f;zx ih pko/ ;zy/g ikDekoh
;zs nso f;zx ih dk iBw 1866 Jh;th fgzv uhwk f bQk ;zro{o
fgsk ;qH eow f;zx ih s/ wksk osB e"o ih d/ rqfj fty/ j'fJnk. iBw s'A
gfjbK T[BQK d/ wksk ih B/ T[BQK d/ fgsk ih e'b p/Bsh ehsh ;h fe ;kv/
xo ni/ sZe e'Jh g[Zso BjhA j'fJnk. fJ; pko/ s[;hA nekb g[oy nZr/
nodk; eo'. sK eh j'fJnk, fe id'A nrb/ ;t/o/ nzfwqs t/b/ fgsk ih y/s
jbQ tkj[D rJ/ sK nuBu/s jh T[BQK B{z y/s dh tkV e'b'A fJe wjkswk ih
d/ do B j'J/ s/ T[BQK B/ nkgD/ nkg jh puB ehsk fe fi; t;s{ pko/
wksk ih B/ s[jkv/ e'b oks p/Bsh ehsh ;h s[;hA fJj nzfwqs dh p'sb
xo fbik e/ fi; ewo/ ftu s[;hA oks nkokw eod/ j', T[; d/ nkb/ ftu
fJ; p'sb oZy d/Dk, id'A s[jkvk wB'oE g{ok j' ikt/ sK fJj nzfwqs dh
p'sb fJ;/ jh soQK tkg; eo d/Dk. fJj efj e/ wjKg[o nb'g j' rJ/. fJe
;kb d/ nzdo nzdo jh ;zs nso f;zx ih B/ T[BQK d/ xo iBw fbnk. iBw
s'A pknd wjKg[o d/ puBK nB[;ko fgsk ih T[j nzfwqs dh p'sb y/sK
ftu tkg; eoB rJ/ sK gfjbK dh soQK T[j wjkswk T[E/ jh yVQ/ fwb
rJ/, sK p'sb tkg; b? e/ nb'g j' rJ/.
;zs ih wjkoki B/ d' tkoh ;qh j {o ;kfjp dh g?db :ksok ehsh
s/ T[E/ T[BQK B/ pj[s f nkdk GiB pzdrh ehsh. T[BQK B/ izrbK ftu
ftuo e/ G[Zy, fgnk;, rowh-;odh, whAj X[Zg dh gqtkj Bk eod/ j'J/,
;ZgK, /oK ns/ izrbh ikBtoK s'A fBZvo j' e/ x'o sgf;nk ehsh s/ bZyK
gqkDhnK nzfwqs dh nBw'b dks py e/ r[o{ tkb/ pDkT[D dh wjkB ;/
tk fBGkJh. GkJh ekBQ f;zx BkGk ih B/ wjkB e' d/ gzBk 52 s/ ;zs ih
Bkw o;hJ/, g{o/ fsnkrh ns/ eow :'rh fbfynk j?. r[owfs dk frnkB d/
e/ nDfrDs b'eK f;ZX/ o;s/ gkfJnk. T[BQK ftu'A e[M nw'be tuB
ns/ T[gd/ nkw f;Zy irs dh GbkJh tk;s/ ;zy/g s"o s/ fdZs/ ik oj/

jB. fiBQK gVQB s'A pknd ewkJh eo e/ nkgDk ihtB ;b pDk ;ed/
jK.
;zs ih 01 cotoh 1927 ;zro{o fty/ nkgDk ;oho fsnkr e/
;Zu yzv rwB eo rJ/.
XzB r[o{ BkBe
1H
fBsB/w jo o' eoBk ukjhdk j? fBsB/w f;Zyh dh g{zih j?, d"bs
ns/ ikfJdkd j?.
2H
Bkw igDk gqkDh wkso dk w[Zy Xow j?.
3H
foXh-f;Xh e'Jh uh BjhA, nksw-gd fJ; s'A pj[s nZr/ j?.
4H
;/tk s'A pr?o wB ftu fBwosk, rohph BjhA nkT[Adh.
5a
pd r[o{ ;[ofs X[fB u/bk (nzr ). fJj s[Ze T[uko e/ ;zrsK
ftu ;g N ehsk fe nkfd s'A nzs sZe pd jh r[o{ j?. d/j (;oho),
Bk r[o{ j'Jh j? ns/ Bk ed/ j't/rh. r[ow[y, pqjw frnkBh, wjKg[o
pd o{g j[zd/ jB, ;oho BjhA j[zd/. fJ; eoe/ d/j dh g{ik eoBh mhe
BjhA j[zdh.
6H
o;Bk Bkb, Bkw f;woB, nekb g[oy dh T[;sfs eoBh ukjhdh j?
ns/ fJ; o;Bk Bkb fe;/ p[ok-Gbk BjhA efjDk ukjhdk iK to;okg BjhA d/Dk ukjhdk.
7H
fe;/ d/ p'b ep'b ;jkoBk, sgK f;o sg j?.
8H
id'A sZe fdq NwkB dk w'j BjhA N[ZNdk, T[d'A sZe fBokeko ftu
fposh BjhA iKdh ns/ nekb g[oy ftu nG/d BjhA j' ;edk.
9H
GkD/ ftu ofjDk ns/ j[ew wzBDk jh r[of;Zyh j?. i' nekb g[oy eo
fojk j?, T[j mhe j?. T[; dh o k ftu jh ;[Zy j?.
10H dhtkB ftu ;qh r[o{ rqE
z ;kfjp dh ji{oh ftu pfj;, w[pkj;k$fyu'skD
BjhA eoBh ukjhdh.
11H id'A bzro ;KMk j' ikt/rk, T[d'A Ksh tZ; ikt/rh ns/ d/ ;[yh tZ;/
rk.
12H fijV/, ;zrsK ftu gquko eod/ jB, jo soQK dh wkVh uzrh ewkJh
dk gq kfd nzrheko eod/ jB, T[; dk fj;kp ;oho ftu jh w[ekT[Dk
g?Adk j?. (nzdobk jhok ;Zuk, pkjobk jhok M{mk)
13H ;oho ;w kB xkN ns/ wB GrtkB d/ xkN s/ b? e/ ikDk j?.

r[owfs ;/XK - 198

14H
15H

16H
17H

18H

;G s'A tZvk r[D fywK j?.

gfjbK tkfjr[o{ r[o wzsq dk nfGnk; eofdnK eofdnK fJj fd k
nkT[Adh j? fe d/j j? BjhA, nkswk j?. c/o i/ j'o nfGnk; tXkfJnk
ikt/ sd GKsh d k nkT[Adh j?. o'w o'w ftu y[ h rwh ;odh rowh
ftu fgnkok jo ozr ftu Gk;dk j?, gZs/ gZs/ ftu iK oQ/ oQ/ ftu
T[j jh B o nkT[Adk j?. T[; s'A nZr/ ifrnk;{ nkg d/ nzdo jh
nkgd/ nkg ftu w;s j' iKdk j?.
r[o{ dk pd jh r[o{ d/ uoB jB.
r[o{ xo dh nkfd s'A fJj' jh Ne;kb ubh nkT[Adh j? ns/ f;q Nh d/
nzs sheo ubh ikt/rh, fiE/ pBktN BjhA, ;[s/ ;fji jh pd s/
sko dk w/bk j?, T[E/ ;fs;zr j?, T[E/ r[o{ xo dh g{oh ;'Mh dh gqkgsh
j't/rh, go fiE/ pBktN j?, T[; ;ZiD g[o dk nkgDk d/j nfGwkB
(jT[w? o'r) BjhA N[ZfNnk, T[j ifrnk;{ dk Gow eh rtkt/rk.
pd r[o{ ;[ofs X[fB u/bk.
r[o{ ;kfjp B/ pd dk ndp d/j s'A pj[s T[uk oZfynk. d;t/A
gkfs kj ;kfjp ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih B/ i'sh i's ;wkT[D s'A
gfjbK r[orZdh s/ ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih fpokiwkB eoe/, gzi
g?;/, Bkohnb oZy e/ wZEk N/fenk ns/ j[ew fdZsk fe ykb;k ih!
;q h r[ o { rq z E ;kfjp ;dk bJh w/ o k
;or[D ;o{g ;wMDk L
J/e o{g fsj[ r[D s/ go/ .
B/fs B/fs fij fBrw T[uo/ .
xfN xfN ftnkge n soikwh .
g{o oj:'A fiT[ ib xN GkBh .
d{;o o{g rqzE ih ikBj[.
nkgB nzr w/o/ eo wkBj[.

sh;o o{g f;Zy j? w'o .

r[opkDh ofs ifj fB; G'o.
fJ; pd r[o{ ;[ofs X[B u/bk tkbh Grs GkT[ dh wo:kdk
ubkT[D Bkb ;u/ gks kj B/ f;ZyK d/ d/j nfGwkB (jT[w? o'r) T[ ek jh
r[opkDh ftu b?n eo fdZsk.

r[owfs ;/XK - 199

f;woB
Bkw igD dh b'V s/ T[;dk cb ;g N s"o s/ iht wkso bJh
d;d/ jB fe gq/whnK, Bkw fe;/ d/ ;[DktD tk;s/ BjhA ighdk, nzso ikwh
sK s/o/ ftu nZr/ jh p?mk j?. fJj sK s/o/ nzsjeoD dh w?b bkj[D tk;s/
;fsr[o ;u/ gks kj B/ no h ;kpD pyf nk j?. fi; soQK fJe ;[ZxV
;[uZih wkJh nkgD/ pZu/ d/ w{so nkfde Bkb rzd/ j'J/, g'sV/ s/ E'VQ/ E'VQ/
ib gk e/ ;kpD Bkb orVdh j?, id g'sV/ dh w?b T[xV nkT[Adh j? fco
T[; y[ZbQ/ ib ftu jzrkb fdzdh j? ns/ J/; soQK eJh tkoh orV e/ s/
jzrkb e/ g'sV/ B[z fuNk (;c?d) eo b?Adh j?, fJ;/ soQK jh ifrnk;{ B/
nkgD/ wbhB j'J/ nzsfjeoD ;fsr[o{ d/ p ;/ j'J/ Bkw d/ ;kpD Bkb
orVBk j? s/ T[rbh j'Jh w?b r[o{ BkBe ;kfjp d/ uoB cV e/ p/Bsh d/
y[ZbQ/ ib ftu jzrkbDk j?, i/ s{z fjzws eoe/ brk oj/Ark sK fJe fdB s{z
th nkgD/ nzsfj eoD d/ wbhB g'sV/ fuZNk ;c?d eo bJ/Ark.
nzsfjeoD dk w?bk j'Dk L
20H
fJe BthA fuZNh uZdo whAj g?Ad/ ftu fJe nfij/ e'm/ ftu ftSk
fdU, fijVk E'VQk E'VQk u"Adk j?. ukdo s/ gkDh d/ N/g/ g?AfdnK-g?AfdnK
fJe ;wK nkt/rk fe ;koh uZdo fwNh ozrh j' ikt/rh feT[Afe jo fJe u'J/
d/ N/g/ ftu SZs dh fwZNh obh j[zdh j?, fiT[A fiT[A N/g/ g?Ad/ rJ/ fJj fwZNh
ukdo dhnK sZdK ftu xo eodh rJh ns/ ;wK gk e/ ;koh uZdo fwZNh
ozrh j' rJh. fJ;/ soQK jo fJe pzd/ dk nzsfjeoD gfjbK fuNh uZdo
tKrD wb s'A ykbh fpbe[b ;c?d j[zdk j?. fco fijV/ eow iK fdqV ;zebg
ekw, eq'X, b'G, w'j, njzeko d/ nk;o/ iht eodk j?, T[BQK dh w?b u'J/ d/ N/
fgnK tKC{ j"bh j"bh nzsjeoD wbhD eo fdzdh j? ns/ fJe fdB nzsjeoD
T[ek jh fJ; w?bh ozrD ftu ozfrnk iKdk j?, fJ; wb tkfjr[o{ wzsq eN
fdzdk j?. tkfjr[o{ r[o wzsq j? ifg jT[w? y'Jh. (GkJh r[odk; tko) ;qh r[o{
r'fpzd f;zx ih wjkoki ;op b'j rqzE ftu nkgDh ;qh w[ytke pkDh ftu
fbyd/ jB
G:' fAB;sko n;o[B ;/ sko bh:' r[o irs ;G?..
kj r' f pz d f;z x cfsj ;fsr[ o eh
tkj r[o{ tkfjr[o{ ;u wzsq nky:'.
Bkb jh noE ftuko eoe/ fizB/ gow/ o d/ Bkw jB, T[j Jh to dh fe;/
19H

r[owfs ;/XK - 200

r[owfs ;/XK - 201

Bk fe;/ f;s d/ tkue jB. okw ;G ftu ofwnk j'fJnk j?. joh gkgK d/
joB tkbk iK wB jfonK eoB tkbk. ;ko/ Bkw fe;/ fJe f;s
igD tkb/ d/ fjod/ ftu t;kT[Ad/ jB. go fi; t/b/ f;y g{o/ gq/w Bkb tkj
pd T[ukodk j? s{z n;uoi, s{z p/nzs j?, J/; d/ fjod/ ftu nk t;dk j?
ns/ fJe yk; ft;wkd ozr ftu ;kohnK f;sK dk gq/wGkT[ o'w-o'w ftu
ow iKdk j?.
;' noE ftuko eo e/ th-tkfjr[o{ r[o wzso ;G s'A nfXe skes
tkbk j?-tkj-s{z p/nzs j?. r[-nfrnkB o{gh nzX/ok. o{-gqek (nfrnkB d/
nzX/o/ d{o eoB tkbk)
fJ; bJh tkfjr[o{ r[o wzsq ;G s'A ;q/ N j?, Jh to d/ ;ko/ r[D fJ;
ftu nk iKd/ jB ns/ i/ g{oh i[rs ns/ fB u/ Bkb ifgnk ikt/ sd
gfjbK sK nzs eoD dh wb d{o j[zdh j? c/o gq/w dh ozrD uVQBh [o{ j'
iKdh j?. ;wK gk e/ gq/w dk B k fJzBk tX iKdk j? fe ;oho (Bkw o{g) dk
nGkt j' iKdk j?, ns/ jo ozr ftu fgnkok jh fgnkok B o nkT[D bZr
g?Adk j?.
Bkw igD ftu ftxB L
20H
id ifrnk;{ Bkw igDk [o{ eodk j? sd fszBftxB J/; d/
;kjwD/ nk yVQ/ j[zd/ jB.
TH
BhAd nkT[Adh j?
nH
u"AeVh wkoB Bkb ;oho EZe iKdk j?.
JH
wB d"VB bZr g?Adk j?,
eJh n?;/ ;zebg ftebg nk gqrN j[zd/ jB fiBQK dk ed/ fuZs-u/
sk jh BjhA j[zdk. BhAd dk w[Ybk fJbki sK mzv/ gkDh Bkb fJ BkB j?, i/
eo c/o th fJj gq/wD szr eo/ sK nZyK ftu mzv/ gkDh d/ fSZN/ wko/ i/ fJ;
soQK th d{o Bk j't/ sd yVQk j' ikt/ s/ E'VQk fco N[o e/ nfGnk; eo/, c/o
p?m ikt/.
d{;o/ ftxB dk fJe jh fJbki j?. ;oho ;kvk x'Vk j? fJ; n;hA
f;o/ uVQkfJnk j'fJnk j?. id fJj d[Zy d/t/ ns/ e[ukbh eo/, sd seV/ j'
e/ fJ; , nkyhJ/, Gfbnk b'ek, pE/ok fuo s{z T[bNk ;kv/ s/ ;tkoh eo
bJh j?, j[D seVk j' ik n;K s/o/ s/ ;tko j'Dk j?. i/ fjzws eoKr/, sd
E'VQ/ fdBK ftu jh fJj p/brkwk NZN{ ekp{ nk ikt/rk.

sh;ok ftxB, pj[s d{o sZe Bkb iKdk j?. [o{ ftu sK pj[s jh fGnkBe
o{g Xkodk j?, c/o j"bh j"bh ;[y w j[zdk iKdk j?. fJ; dk w[Ybk fJbki sK
;fsr[o{ BkBe-r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih wjkoki fjod/ ftu t;k, x[N e/
uoB cV e/ p/Bsh eoBk j?, j/! ;Zu/ gks kj, wkV/ jK, uzr/ jK, s/o/ jK,
fwjo eo ;kvk wB nkgD/ uoBK ftu bk b? .
r[o{ s/ pjkdo ;kfjp dh t?okr wJh pkDh, fBs B/w gVQBk ns/
;fsr[o{ d/ T[geko :kd eoe/ nkgDh nfeqs xDsk s/ o'Dk j?. n?;/ t?okr
dk fJe nZEo{ iBwK iBwK dh w?b X' fdzdk j?.
nksfwe ihtB dk ikrDk
21H
i' gq/wh Xow feos eodk j?, tzv Sedk j?, Bkw igdk j? ns/ fJ;
d/ Bkb Bkb fB ekw ;/tk eodk j?, T[; dk wB fyfVnk jfonk pk j'
iKdk j? ns/ nzdo gq/w Goh gqG{ d/ fwbkg dh shpo fyu g?dk j' iKdh j?.
f;woB ns/ ehosB d/ Bkb Bkb j/m fbyhnK uko rZbK wB ftu t;k e/
nwb eoB Bkb ifrnk;{ dk nksfwe ihtB ikr g?Adk j? ns/ jo ozr
ftu ekdo nkgDh e[dos ftu B o nkT[D bZr g?Adk j?.
T)
xkfb ykfJ feS[ jEj[ d/fJ.
(T)
BkBe okj[ gSkDfj ;/fJ.. nzr
(n)
fwZms[ BhthA BkBek r[D uzfrnkJhnK sZs.. nzr 0
(J)
cohdk i/ s{z nefb bshc[ ekb/ fby B b/y.
nkgBV? frohtkB wfj f;o[ BhtK efo d/y[.. nzr
(;)
dfJnk ikD? ihn eh feS g[zB dkB[ eo/fJ.. nzr
22H
nBGT[ gq e k L
tkfjr[o{ fujB, uZeo, poB, iks-gks s'A ofjs j?, T[; dk o{g,
ozr, o/y, G/y e'Jh BjhA efj ;edk. T[j ;dk jh fJe o; tosdk j? ns/
nB[Gt dk ft k j?.
fi; soQK wB[Zy wkso y[ h rwh dh bfjo o'w-o'w ftu gqshs
j[zdh j?, go T[j fJBQK dk e'Jh ;o{g dZ; BjhA ;edk.
J/;/ soQK ifrnk;{ fBsB/w-r[owzso dh nfGnk; eofdnKeofdnK, joh ehosB ftu fjZ;k b?AfdnK iK g{oB gq/w Bkb ;[DfdnK,
fB ekw ;/tk dk bkG T[mkT[AfdnK ns/ nksw-thuko eofdnK, nkgD/
nzdo'A e[dos d/ jo fJe ozr ns/ jo fJe eb ftu tkfjr[o{ Gk;D bZr

r[owfs ;/XK - 202

r[owfs ;/XK - 203

g?Adk j?. y'ih g[o jo fJe ;o{g ftu oZp fd;D bZr g?Adk j? ns/ jo
fJe nktk fgnko/ dh nktk Gk;dh j?, T[; gqsZy j' iKdk j? fe ;G
fdq NwkB dk nk;ok ns/ ;ko/ fGzB-fGzB pdK, p'bhnK ns/ nktk K dh
nkXko ;fs-fuZs nBzd gqwkswk d/t j?. fJ; d k ftu ngVB bJh fszB
doi/ nkT[Ad/ jB.
(1) n;sh (3) GKsh (3) gqh:.
n;sh - id'A fJj Gk ikt/ fe fdq NwkB (;oho ns/ neko) j?
BjhA, sd nzdo'A jh ;kyh d[nkok nktk nkT[Adh j? fe fijVk ;ko/ fdq NwkB
fwfEnk gqshs eo fojk j? T[j (nksw-d/t) j?. fJ; nB[Gt dh d k d/
y[ZbQD s'A gfjbK y'ih jo t/b/ ns/ jo gk;/ ;oho ns/ j'o neko gqsZy
t;s{ gqshs j[zd/ ;B, nkswk fJe o[yk fijk jh fynkb j[zdk ;h. j[D
nkswk gqsZy Gk;dh j? ns/ d/j (;ko/ fdq NwkB ;fjs) fwfEnk j' iKdh j?.
;kok ft ;z;ko joh dk nGk B oh nkT[D bZr g?Adk j? ns/ joh gqsZy j'
iKdk j?.
GKsh L fJ; fSB d/ wro'A y'ih j'o ;fs;zr fB ekw ;/tk r[o wzso
dk nfGnk; eoh ikt/. ;wK gk e/ ;fji ;[GkJ/ GKsh doik nk ikt/rk.
N[ofdnK-fcofdnK, T[mfdnK p?mfdnK, gT[D, gkDh, p?;zso nEtk e[dos
d/ jo ozr ns/ feq w/ ftu tkfjr[o{ Gk;dk j?.
gq h : L fJ; soQK fdq NwkB ftu tkfjr[o{ d/ gqshs j'D d/ T[gozs
e[M ;wK j'o ;fs;zr ns/ nfGnk; eoB d/ wro'A, y'ih dh fposh g{oB s"o
s/ nzso w[yh j' iKdh j? ns/ nkgD/ nkg ftu w;s j' iKdk j?. fJ; dk
c[oBk ;ko/ fdq NwkB gdkoEK tb'A w[V iKdk j?, ;kohnK tk BktK B N j'
iKdhnK jB ns/ fJj ;fs-fus nkBzd d/ nEkj ;w[zdo ftu o ko
nkgD/ nkg dk ozr wkDdk j? .
23H f;woB nfGnk; dhnK uko gT[VhnK L
1H
p?yoh L o;Bk d[nkok
2H
wXw L ihG dh Nh;h fjZb/, j'o w{zj Bk fjZb/
3H
g;zsh L ;tk; d[nkok
c/o gok ftu L nfGnk; eofdnK-eofdnK ;[s/ f;X jh ;[os,
4H
pd ftu bhB j' iKdh j?. j {oh dh ;dk b'V ofjzdh j?. f;Zy jo ;w/A
;fsr[o{ jk o-Bk o ;wM e/ nfGnk; eo/ ns/ id fuZs v'b/, p/Bsh

eo/, ;fsr[o{ wkVk jK, uzrk jK, s/ok jK.

o' w K - pko/ L
24H
o'w eZND/ ;fsr[o d/ ;oho S/dDk j?. fijV/ gq/wh e[ofjsK s'A
ofjs j' e/ ebrhnK tkb/ d/ uoBK Bkb gq/w eod/ jB, T[BQK E'VQ/ fuo
ftu f;woB dh o"A ubdh j? ns/ nksfwe nBzd wkDd/ jB wB Ks j'
iKd/ jB.
o'w o'w ftu ofyT[B efo pqjwzv eo'fV g;kok
(GkH r[odk; ih) uT[df; uT[dj b'e wMkfo..
o'w, o'w wfj p;fj w[okfo.. (nzr )
25H
(wkD; iBw-jhok iBw) L
jhok iBw BjhA s? fEnkT[Dk eo b? p/BshnK. ;zs ih fejk
eod/ ;h fe gq/whT[A jhok iBw BjhA i/ fEnkT[Dk, eo bT[ p/BshnK. t/
fyT[, i/ fes/ eVkj-gq kd, yho s/ j'o gdkoEK ftu jh Bk nNe ikDk.
Bkw f;woB w[Zy oZy e/ ;/tk eo bT[ sK nw'be iBw ;b j' ikt/rk.
nz f wq s SeD s' A pknd dh d k
26H
nzfwqs SeD s'A pknd fJj gqshs j'D bZr g?Adk j? fe r[o{, f;Zy
dk oytkbk j?. d[BhnK d/ p/nzs e[eowK, ft / ftekoK, wkD tfvnkJh ns/
Jhoyk dh nZr s'A ;fsr[o{ pukJh oZyd/ jB.
nz f wq s t/ b / s/ ' o L
27H
;zs ih wjkoki dk nkgDk gq'rokw oks fJe ti/ T[mD dk ;h,
s/ pkeh ;zrs tk;s/ th fJjh gq/oDk ;h fe nzfwqs t/b/ T[m e/ Bkw-pkDh
f;woB Bkb i[VBk jfo XB[ nzfwqs t/b? ts? ek phfink, Grs ykfJ you
oj/ fBy[N? BkjhA. (n r 134
134)
r[ o { rq z E ;kfjp s/ nNb ft tk; ns/ d;K gks kjhnK dk
28H
gqsZy ;o{g ikBDk..
fJe tkoh ;ko/ gzikp ftu 1905 Jh;th ftu ; s G{ukb nkfJnk.
w;s{nkD/ ;kfjp 4 ti/ d/ eohp nzfwqs t/b/ id'A nk;k ih dh tko dk
ehosB ub fojk ;h s/ ;zs ih wjkoki ih skfpnk p?m/ j'J/ ;B sK G{ukb
dk fJe tZvk MNek nkfJnk sK ;koh ;zrs r[od[nko/ s'A pkjo GZi rJh.
go ;zs ih wjkoki dh skfpnk s'A BjhA fjZb/ sK fJe gq/wh B/ r[od[nko/ ftu
nk e/ T[BQK iZch gk e/ fejk fe wjkoki ih r[o{ xo ftu ;oho dh okyh

r[owfs ;/XK - 204

eoB dk j[ew j?. ;zs ih B/ j[ew fdZsk fe GkJh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp d;K
gks kjhnK dk gosZy ;o{g nekb g[oy dh d/j jB. n;hA wjkoki dh
ji{oh SZv e/ feE/ ikJhJ/ .
;/tk s'A pr?o wB ftu fBwosk, rohph BjhA nkT[Adh L
29H
;zs ih dk c[owkB j? fe GkJh, ;/tk s'A pr?o rohph BjhA nkT[Adh, Gkt/A
gqkDh fezBk jh nfGnk;h feT[A Bk j't/, d/j nfGwkB BjhA N[Ndk ns/
nksw gd dh gqkgsh BjhA j' ;edh.
e/;K dh wjZssk L
30H
fJe fdB wjkoki ih d/ e'b d' gzfvs ;kX{ d/ G/; ftu nkJ/.
wjkoki ih B/ nkfynk fe s[;hA ;kX{ j' e/ e/; eNkT[Ad/ j'. id sZe s[;hA e/
; XkoB dk gqD BjhA eod/ n;hA s[jkvk gq kd BjhA rqfjD eoBk. sK
gzfvsK B/ fejk fe e/; oZyD Bkb w/ohnK nZyK nk iKdhnK jB. d{i/
;kEh B/ fejk fe w/ohnK ikVK d[ydhnK jB. fJj ;[D e/ ;zs ih B/ d[jK
nkgD/ ;kjwD/ fpmk e/ fJe dhnK nZyK s/ d{i/ dh ikVK s/ nkgD/
gftZso jZEK Bkb fSZN/ wko e/ c[owkfJnk fe gq'whT[! nZi s'A e/; oZy bt',
s[jkvhnK nZyK s/ ikVK ed/ BjhA d[yDrhnK. GkrK tkb/ ;kX{nK B/ puB
wzB fbnk ns/ e/; XkoB dk gqD ehsk. T[; s'A pknd T[j d't/A nzfwqsXkoh
f;Zy ;i rJ/. fJBQK dhnK nZyK s/ ikVQK ed/ BjhA d[yhnK.
gzE dh soZeh bJh ;zsK d/ nw'be puB L
31H
;kX-;zrs ih, n;hA ;ko/ fJj' ukj[zd/ jK fe ykb;k gzE dh fdB
d{Dh oks u"rDh soZeh j't/ go gq/whU fJj soZeh T[; fdB jh j't/rh id
nzfwqs t/b/ ;tk gfjo 3 ti/ , fgzv fgzv, Bro-Bro, e;p/-e;p/ s/
fjo- fjo dhnK y{jhnK s/ ;kX-;zrs d/ v'b yVeDr/, ns/ ;fsBkw
dh X[Bh T[Zm/rh.
fi; fdB ;ko/ r[o{ ykb;/ dk fJe' jh y kBk j' ikt/rk ns/ r[o{
dhnK ;zrsK nkgD/ d;tzX ns/ eko G/NK fJ; y kB/ ftu ;kb d/ ;kb
iK wjhB/ d/ wjhB/ iwQK eotkT[DrhnK. fco nk owK s/ gzEe ekoiK bJh
fe;/ wzr ns/ nghb dh b'V BjhA gt/rh. wzr eoB Bkb ykb;/ ih d/
fBoG? ns/ p/gqtkj fjod/ ftu ew 'oh nk iKdh j?.
gzE d/ ;ko/ nzr Bkw igD ns/ joh ehosB w[Zy eko ;wMD
ns/ nkgd/ ;ko/ eko'pko r[ow[yh nZyoK d[nkok ubkT[D. GkJh Bkw

r[owfs ;/XK - 205

igDk gqkDh wksok dk w[Zy Xow j?, fit/A xVh fJe o; fNe-fNe eodh
ofjzdh j? fJ;/ soQK jo fJe f;Zy nkgDh wB[ fposh ns/ ;tk;K Bkw
Bkb i'Vh oZy/.
dfw dfw ;dk ;wkbdk dw Bk fpoEk ikfJ ((556
556
556))
32H
d/jXkoh r[o{ sK ed/ j'fJnk jh BjhA. id'A r[o{ BkBe d/t ih
wjkoki d/j ftu do B fdzd/ ;B, sd m'eo pd dh jh wkod/ ;B, ;'
r[o{, pd jh j?, d/j BjhA..
r[ o { ebrhnK tkb/ d/ do B jo tes j' oj/ jBL
33H
fJe gq/wh B/ g[ZfSnk fe s[;hA d;t/A gks kj d/ do B j {o ;kfjp
ehs/ ;h feogk eo' dZ;' fe T[j do B fe; soQK d/ ;B sK T[BQK B/ fejk fe
T[BQK d/ do B sK j[D th j' oj/ jB. fJj efj e/ T[; gq/wh d/ dkjV/ s/ d't/
A j;s ewb c/o e/ nkfynk. fJj ;kps ;{os ebrhnK tkb/ dh jh sK j?,
wjkoki ih B/ c[owkfJnk j?, ykb;k w/o' o{g j? yk;, ykb;/ wfj j" eo'A
fBtk;..
efbi[ r ftu nksfwe Ksh dh bfjo ns/ fjz d [ ; skB dk
34H
;[ y h j' D k
fJe fdB fJe gq/wh B/ g[ZfSnk fe ;u/ gks kj fjzd[;skB ed'A ;[yh
j't/rk. GkJh, fi; fdB ;ko/ BroK ns/ fjoK ftu gq/wh nkgDh ewkJh
eoe/ fJe bzro ftu gk d/Dr/ ns/ ;ko/ ftnkj kdh ns/ j'o d[BhnK d/
ftjko bzro d[nkok jh eoBr/, T[; fdB d/ ;[yh t;/rk s/ fi; fdB
T[;so/, r[ZShnK rZvh ftu bZd e/ eokuh ;w[zdo ftu ;[ZN nkT[Dr/, T[;/
fdB ;[yh j' ikt/rk. c/o j; e/ p'b/ GkJh. nkfd powk i[rkd BkJh, bzvh
p[Zuh fgS'A nkJh.. izwdk ;G ykb;k j?, c/o BkJh fe;/ dh ;[zBs eoe/
w[;bwkB pDk fdzdk j? ns/ fe;/ dh p'dh oy e/ fjzd{. fJj c'eN pBktN ;ko/
d[y bVkJh, MrV/ dk ekoB pD iKdh j?.
gz i K ;kfjp jhdh dk ;kek ns/ ;z s K dh nksfwe esh L
35a
;zs nso f;zx ih wjkoki fJe fdB ewo/ ftu p?m/ p?m/ fJe dw nkg fJe
yk; ozr ftu nk rJ/ ns/ ekjbh ekjbh Bkb T[m e/ nkg d/ ;Zi/ jZE dk
gzik i' s/ esh Bkb bk e/ yVQ/ oj/. ;/teK d/ g[ZSD s/ ;zs ih wjkoki
B/ c[owkfJnk fe fJ; dk ekoB eZbQ sZe gsk bZr ikt/rk. fi; s/ h
Bkb rZvh nk ojh ;h ns/ fi; sohe/ Bkb fJ;B/ d' f;zxK dh jhdh

r[owfs ;/XK - 206

r[owfs ;/XK - 207

gkT[D s/ rZvh yVQh j' rJh fJj ;zs ih wjkoki B/ nkgDh nksfwe
;Zfsnk Bkb jh f;zxK dh ;jkfJsk ehsh, BjhA sK fJj s/i nk ojh rZvh
EZb/ nk e/ ;?AefVnK dh frDsh ftu o/b s/ p?m/ f;zx jhdhnK gk iKd/.
fJj ;kek gzik ;kfjp dk ;h id'A r[o[ e/ pkr/ d/ ;ke/ d/ e?dh f;zxK o/b
rZvh s/ nzfwqs;o s'A nNe fbikfJnk ik fojk ;h sk o;s/ ftu gzik
;kfjp o/bt/ ;N/ B s/ rZvh o'e e/ f;zxK B/ G[Zy/ e?dh f;zxK bzro
SekT[D dk T[gokbk ehsk ;h. vokJhto gzik ;kfjp ;N/ B s/ rZvh
o'eD dk j[ew BjhA ;h go pjkdo f;zxK B/ fiBQK ftu GkJh eow f;zx s/
gqskg f;zx kwb ;B s/ j'o f;zxK d/ Bkb fwb e/ rZvh dh bkJhB s/ bzw/
g? rJ/. GkJh eow f;zx s/ gqskg f;zx sK rZvh EZb/ nk e/ jhdh gk rJ/
ns/ rZvh o[e rJh. fJ; soQK r[of;ZyK dh ;/tk ;b j'Jh. fJj d'B'A NkJhw
f;zxK dk rZvh nZr/ nodk;K s/ ;zs ih wjkoki dk dhtko Bkb i' Bkb
; sh Bkb yVQ/ ofjDk, fJe jh NkJhw dh rZb ;h.
nz f wq s , okw o;, gq/w-o; ns/ pho o; dk phi j?. fJ; dk ;oho
36H
Bkb e'Jh ;pzX BjhA. fJj sK r[o{ BkBe, r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx dk ijk j? i'
uVQ/rk gko j' ikt/rk.
37H
r[o{, f;Zy dh fe; soQK wdd eodk j? L
i/ f;y, r[o{ dh T[Arb cV bt/ sK r[o{, f;Zy r'dh u[Ze b?Adk j?
s/ jo fe;w dh ;jkfJsk eodk j?.
r[of;Zy dh eh XkoBk j'Dh ukjdh j?<
38H
r[of;Zy tk;s/ fJ; ofjs dh b'V j?, w[Zy Grs, tosB t?okr, fdqV
frnkB, wB' Bk , tk Bk y?. f;Zy r[o{ Bkb fJefwe j' ikt/ fJ; d/ w[Zy'A
XzB r[o{ BkBe fBeb/ ns/ ;fsr[o{ d/ uoBK eztbK dk fBtk; j't/.
ehosB ftu nzso nksw/ i[VBk L
39H
pd ehosB dk n;bh wzst fJj j? fe fdq NwkB s'A fposh d{o j'
e/ nzso nksw/ i[V ikt/. f;Zy dk Xow j? fe Gkt/A r'bh ;oho ftu'A gko
bzx ikt/, pd ehosB s'A fposh Bk T[yV/. fJj ;oho nfBs j?. i/
ehosB eofdnK ;oho S[N ikt/ sK g{oB Gkr. fXqr j? T[j f;Zy fijVk
nkgD/ fe;/ nzr cVeD d/t/ ehosB ;w/A..
:' r -tf N dk ;ko r[ o ;kyh i' f s gq r N j' f J
40H
frnkB uouk eod/-eod/ fJe fdB ;zs ih wjkoki efjD bZr/

fe ;zrs d/ puB e[puB ;jko e/ Bkb-Bkb wB dh gqhfynk j[zdh ofjzdh

j?. fJe fdB nkgD/ yk; gq/wh GkJh s/ik f;zx nkyD bZr/, s[;hA pV/
fJwfsjkB gk; ehs/ jB, go pqjw ftfdnk dk fJwfsjB T[; fdB gk;
j[zdk j?, id fgS'A nk e/ fJj e'Jh bZs wko/ sK fJj d/y/ se BjhA fe fe;
B/ wkoh j? iK xN s'A xN nke/ nky/ s{z ezio j? sK fJj jZE i'V e/ nky/.
GkJh pVk ezio jK, pVh feqgk ehsh j?, dZ; fdZsk.
;koh :'r-tf N fJ;/ rZb ftu jh g{oh j' iKdh j? fJe fdB id'A oE s/
ik oj/ ;h sK j; e/ efjD bZr/ fe noiB dk oEtkjh feq B ;h, ;kvk
oEtkjh tkfjr[o{ nkg j?.
gz E fJeZmk ofjD dk T[ d / L
41H
fJe fdB e[M nekbh ;zs ih e'b nkJ/ s/ efjD bZr/ fe gzE ftu
pVh c[ZN g? rJh j?. fJj t?oB d{o eoB dk T[gd/ dZ;'. ;zs ih B/
c[owkfJnk fe ;ko/ XfVnK d/ nkr{ nekb s s ;kfjp s/ nk e/ fwbe/
ehosB eoB. pd nkg/ jh fwbk d/t/rk s/ j'o fejk fe fi; fdB r[o{
kb;k nkgD/ gzi nkr{ ns/ fJBQK dk fJe ;kEh u[D bt/rk ns/ fJBQK dh
nkfrnk ftu ub/rk fi; ezw jZE gkJ/rk, cfsj j' ikt/rk. u[DB t/b/
fe;/ dk fbjki Bk j't/. f;ZXh ;g N rZb, i' fdb ftu j't/, nkyh ikt/.
go id fJe tkoh gzE d/ w[yh u[D/ ikD c/o Gkt/A T[j fwZNh d/ wkX' th j'D,
id sZe T[BQK dk ;oho j? s/ r[o{ dh ofjs ftu gqgZe jB. T[BQK dh
nkfrnk wzBh ikt/. fJj Bk j't/ nZi Nh;h s/ uVQk fdZsk ns/ eb f;o d/
Gko j/mK wkfonk.
!!!

r[owfs ;/XK - 209

T{ms p?ms ;'ts Bkw

;kv/ gkg fezB/ Gh j'D frDsh ftu jBL jZd ftu jB. ;fsr[o{
BkBe dh pyf jZd'A pkjo jB. fJ; s'A ed/ ph fBok BjhA j'Dk ukjhdk.
;kv/ oB ftu nkT[D dh d/o j? pyf ftu d/o BjhA.
w/oh jkb/ T[wo itkBh dh ;h, w/o/ fJe d';s B/ ;Zd G/fink fe nk
e/ fwb ikt'. w/ok fJj fwZso Go itkBh ftu ;h s/ e[ZM fuo s'A fpwko ;h.
j[D T[; vkeNoK B/ efj fdZsk ;h fe sgfde dh phwkoh j? s/ jkbs
ekch yokp j' rJh j?, ihtB dh v'o j[D pj[s bzw/oh BjhA j?. T[j w/ok r{VQk
fwZso ;h. id w?A T[; d/ xo ik e/ t/fynk sK T[j c[ZN c[ZN e/ o'fJnk. T[j
pVh fBok sk dh jkbs ftu ;h. efjD bZrk - GkJh wfjwkB jK, id s'A
j' ;zGkbh j?, e'Jh B/eh dk uzrk ezw BjhA ehsk, j[D woB s'A vo brdk
j?. ikB s/ nk pDh j?, bkuko j' frnk jK, e'Jh wddrko BjhA B o
nkT[Adk. j[D w/oh o{j s/ eh pD/rh< wo e/ ph eh Ksh fwbDh j?, w? vo
ykJh iKdk j?. oks fdB dh fuzsk j?. fJj efj e/ T[j c/o YkjK wko e/ o'D
bZr fgnk. w?A T[; Xhoi fdbk;k fdZsk s/ fejk - Gok, fJj d;! ;w[zdo
tZvk j[zdk j? fe ijk < T[; B/ jbhwh Bkb itkp fdZsk fe ;w[zdo tZvk
j[zdk j?. T[; ftu sK eo'VK ijk roe j' ikD sK ph gsk Bk bZr/. w?A
fejk L fJj mhe j?, s{z ph fJ;/ soQK ;wM b? fe ;w[zdo tKr{z ;fsr[o{ BkBe
dh pyf nEkj j?. fJ; ftu fezB/ th gkg j'D ;G roe j' iKd/ jB.
;fsr[o{ BkBe dh pyf
e''Jh S'N fijh uh Bk ;wM s/ nkgD/ ehs/
gkgK s'A Bk vo. gkg fizB/ th j'D frDsh ftu jB go w/o/ ;fsr[o{ BkBe
dh fwjo s/ pyf fe;/ jZd ftu BjhA p/nzs j?, f;oc r[o{ BkBe dk j'D dh
b'V j?, r[o{ BkBe dk do wZbD dh b'V j?. T[; B/ c/o g[ZfSnk fe dZ;'. j[D
fco w?A eh eoK< j[D fJBQK E'fVQnK fdB ftu eh pD ;edk j?< ;koh T[wo
sK pkp/ BkBe d/ do s/ nkfJnk jh BKj.
w?A fejk - ni/ ph e[ZM BjhA ftrfVnk - j[D jh ;fsr[o{ BkBe dh
oB g? ikj, s/ tkfjr[o{ tkfjr[o{ ikg eoBk nkozG d/j. fdB oks okw
ikg ftu i[N ik. ;fsr[o{ BkBe pyf zd j?. T[j dh pyf s'A nkdwh ed/

Gh fBok Bk j't/. pkpk BkBe j[D ph s? nkgDh r'd ftu b? bJ/rk.

;ko/ fceo s/ fuzsk SZv e/ tkfjr[o{ Bkw d/ nkokXD ftu br ikj.
w/oh fJj rZb ;[D e/ T[; e[ZM u?B nk frnk. Go';k pZM frnk,
s/ T[; tkfjr[o{ dk f;woB eoBk [o{ eo fdZsk. e[ZM fuo fgS'A w?A T[; d/
e'b'A nkgD/ xo nk frnk. fJ; soQK T[;d/ Bkw igfdnK d' fdB bzx
rJ/. d{;o/ fdB dh oks w?A ;[cB/ ftu d/fynk fe ;qh jfow do ;kfjp dopko
;kfjp dh gqeowk ftu i' fJbkfJuh p/o j? T[j T[; dh fJe NfjDh s/ p?mk
j?, s/ pVk y[ j?. id w?A p/oh d/ e'b frnk, sK T[j w? efjD bZrk GkJh
;kfjp ;fsr[oK dh pyf j' rJh j?, r[o BkBe B/ fwjo ehsh, w? nkgD/
do ;Zd fbnk j?, s/ w?A J/E/ nk frnk jK. d/y' - fej/ ;'jD/ fwZm/ p/o jB.
bT[ s[;hA th ykT[. J/B/ w/oh nZy y[ZbQ rJh. w?A xVh d/yh T[; tes oks
dk ;tk tZik ;h. ;t/o j[zd/ jh w?A nkdwh G/fink T[; d/ xo T[; dh jkbs
gsk eoBk T[; d/ tkg; nkD/ s/ gsk bZrk fe oksh g{o/ ;tk pi/ T[j
r[ o frnk ;h s/ ;qh jfowzdo dh goeowk ftu fd;D s/ ;jh ;h fe T[;
dh nkswk d' fdB d/ f;owB Bkb jh ;[yh s/ r[o{ fwjo dh gkso pD rJh
;h.
i' e'Jh gzi fwzN ph jo o' Bkw dk f;owB eo/ sK T[j gob'e bJh
nkgD/ tk;s/ ekch Bkw XB dk s' k eZmk eo b?Adk j?. fiE/ woB s'A
pknd e/tb fJj' XB ezw nkT[Adk j?. ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih ftu epho ih
B/ fejk j? L
epho J/e xVh nkXh xoh nkXh j{z s/ nkX.. (n r 1377
1377)
nZXh s'A nZXh xVh gzi fwzN d/ jh pokpo j[zdh j?. (Review of
Reivies) d/ n?vhNo fw;No ;N?v dh G?D i{bhnk (Julia) B/ nkgD/ Gok
gob'e s'A e[ZM ;[B/j/ o{jK okjhA (Spirit Messages) G/i/ ;B, i' T[; dh
feskp ftu Sg/ jB . T[BQK ftu i{bhnk B/ nkgD/ Gok dZf;nk j? fe i/
s{z g i fwzN o' th ;KJh dk Bkw ig/Ark sK s? J/E/ gob'e ftu nk e/ gsk
bZr/rk fe (fezBh Gkoh d"bs dk s{z wkbe pD frnk j? (what enormous
wealth you have got) jK, s/o/ gk; ekch n;k;k iwK j' ikJ/rk, i' s/o/
woB d/ pknd ezw nkt/rk.
n;hA ;{oi ftu sK BjhA g[Zi ;ed/. i/ g[Zi th ;ehJ/ sK sg
Bkb ;V jh iktKr/. go n;hA X[Zg ftu p?m/ e/ fBZx b? ;ed/ jK. fJj ;{oi

r[owfs ;/XK - 210

r[owfs ;/XK - 211

Bkb fwbkg jh j?. J/;/ nkeko ofjs (formless) fBozeko d/ gq/w ftu :kd
ftu nk e/, T[; dh fwjo dk gkso pDBk T[; dk fwbkg jh j?. Gkt/A
w[ eb j? go n;hA T[; d/ pd ;o{g (Bkw) ftu got/ eo e/ nkgD/
ihtB dk bkjk yZN ;ed/ jK. fJj nk;kB j?.
Bkw ig', fe;/ ;zs ;kX{ d/ do s/ GNeD dh b'V BjhA. Bkw dh
ewkJh nkgDh jh ehsh ezw nkT[Adh j?. d{;ok fe;/ G'ok Go Gh BjhA d/
;edk. fijVk o'Nh yKdk j? oZi T[;/ jh nkT[Adk j?.
Bkw d/ f;woB Bkb gfjbK wB fBowb j[zdk j?. wB ftu'A g[okD/
;z;eko fBebd/ jB. ;fsr[o{ BkBe dk wkor fJj j? - fe frq;s ftu
ofj e/ Bkw igDk j?. fJ; Bkb gfjbK wB ;kc j[zdk j?, c/o o; Godk j?,
s/ tkfjr[o{ dk fgnko fjod/ ftu nk t;dk j?. fJj j"bh j"bh j[zdk j?
frnks wB (conscious mind) Bkb Bkw ifgnk-fJj nfrnks wB (subconscious mind) ftu f;zio iKdk j?. fJ; bJh Bkw o;Bk Bkb ig' s/
id th tes fwb/ Bkw ig'. fdB ftu eJh ftjb/ tes j[zd/ jB. i' n?t/
A ub iKd/ jB. T[ Bkw ig e/ ;cb eo'. fijVk xZN s'A xZN gzi fwzN
Gh jo o' Bkw ig bt/rk - T[; woB s'A pknd e'Jh n"y BjhA j't/rk.
Bkw igDk ;fsr[o{ dh oD g?Dk j?, T[j ;dk pyf zd j?.
i/ e'Jh d[ekBdko j? co eo', egVk t/udk j? id rkje nkfJnk
T[; egVk d/ fdZsk. id T[j ubk frnk Bkw igD ftu br ikJ/. c'o
e'Jh rkje nkfJnk T[; tDi fbnk. T[j ubk frnk sK c/o Bkw ftu
br rJ/. ed/ fe;/ dk fJzs ko j? sK Bkw igd/ oj'. n?T[A tes dhnK
ftoBk ;zGkbhnK ik ;edhnK jB s/ fJ; soQK s[;hA d/y'r/ fe fdB d/
yksw/ s/ s[jkv/ Bkw igD dk ;wK fwb e/ fJe d' xzN/ o'i j' ikJ/rk. fJj
Bkw tZb ;[os bkJh oZyD dk ;"yk sohek j?. frqj;s ftu ofj e/ soZeh
j"bh j"bh j[zdh j?. xpokDk BjhA ukjhdk.
fijV/ xo pko SZv e/ fJeKs ik p?md/ jB T[j Gkt/A ed/ ibdh
soZeh eo b?Ad jB, go fJ; soQK GkJh ukok uzr/ nkdwhnK s'A ;[zBk j'
iKdk j?. ;fsr[o{ dk wkor frqj;s T[dk; dk j?.
E'VQh d/o dh rZb j? r[of;Zy f;zXhnK dk fJe NZpo gkfe;skB
(f;zX) s'A nk e/ pzpJh nkpkd j' frnk. xo d/ wkfbe f;zXh dk fJe bVkek
;h, i' tb?s ik e/, vkeNoh gVQ e/ T[E/ jh gq?efN; eoB br fgnk ;h.

bVe/ dh G?D B/ nkgD/ Gok tbkfJs fbfynk fe T[j xo nk e/ wkfgnK

s/ pkeh fo s/dkoK fwb ikt/. bVek fe;/ ekoB Bk nk ;fenk,
nkyoeko G?D nkgD/ gsh b? e/ tbkfJs rJh s/ nkgD/ Gok pzpJh b?
nkJh. fJE/ fbnk e/ bVe/ d/ wkg/ s/ G?D fJj ukj[D fe bVek Bkw b? e/
r[o f;Zyh ftu ihts j' tbkfJs ikt/l ;' T[j T[; fJe r[of;Zy gk; b?
rJ/ s/ T[; p/Bsh ehsh fe bVe/ r[o f;Zyh dk f;y:k s/ Bkw dk dkB
eo'.
r[ow[y B/ bVe/ fejk - fe Bkw wzsq dk o' xZN' xZN nZXk x Nk
f;woB eoBk j?. bVe/ B/ fejk fe w/o/ gk; J/Bk tes feZE/ j?< w/oh s/
vkeNoh dh gq?efN; j?, ed/ fe;/ fpwko d/yD ikDk g?Adk j? ed/ fe;/ ,
nZXk xzNk w?A feZE'A eZY ;edk jK< fJj w?E'A BjhA j'Dk.
fJj ;[D e/ r[ow[y B/ bVe/ fejk - fe mhe s{z joe tes
(busy) ofjzdk j? - s? ed/ ftjb BjhA fwbdh, go id s{z fpwkoK d/yD
iKdk j? sK eh fJeZbk j[zdk j? iK e'Jh Bkb ph j[zdk j?< bVe/ B/ fejk fe
nkgDh w'No j?, nkw s"o s/ w?A id fe;/ phwko d/yD iKdk jK sK w'No
nkg jh ubk e/ fJeZbk iKdk jK. eJh tko fe;/ yk; e/; s/ Bo; Gh Bkb
j[zdh j?. r[ow[y B/ fejk rZb nk;kB j?, s{z ;wK eZY ;edk j?. id s{z w'No
ftu fe;/ woh
d/yD ikt/A :k ik e/ d/y e/ nKdk j't/ , iKfdnK
nKfdnK o;s/ ftu s{z Bkw igdk fojk eo. i/ e'Jh Bkb j? sK T[; Bkb
wsbp dh rZb ehsh, rZgK Bk wkohnK s/ T[j ;wK Bkw f;woB s/ you
ehsk. bVe/ B/ fejk - jK fJj w?A eo ;edk jK. r[ow[y s'A fJj f;Zfynk gk
e/ T[j bVek Bkw d/ nkjo/ br frnk. G?D Gok d't/A y[ h y[ h xo tkg;
nkJ/. E'VQh d/o pknd bVek tb?s ubk frnk, s/ T[; B/ r[ow[y dh
f;Zfynk s/ nwb eoBk s/ ftjb/ ;w/A f;woB Bkb go'Dk [o{ eo fdZsk.
e'Jh fJe wjhB/ pknd bVe/ B/ nkgDh G?D ys fbfynk - fe
w?A s/o/ goT[geko dk pVk XzBtkdh jK. r[ow[y ih d/ efjD nB[;ko Bkw
igD Bkb fJe wjhB/ ftu jh w/oh wB d/ ;[y dh d k ftu Gkoh spdhbh
nk rJh j?. fjod/ s/ nkswk ftu mzY j?, ;[y j? s/ w?A pV/ y/V/ ftu ofjzdk
jK, ihtB ;[jDk ;tkdh p/-gqtkj fijk j' frnk j?. j[D w?A Bkw dk gZbk
ed/ Bk SZvKrk. fJj sK o;-Goh o;kfJD j? i' gko; tKr{z ihtB jh
gbNk fdzdh j?. fJj ys T[; phph B/ ;k fbnk e/ dZf;nk ;h.

r[owfs ;/XK - 212

r[owfs ;/XK - 213

rZb sK ;koh fJj j? - go ;kX{ ;zsK B/ tkfjr[o{ dk fwbkg w[ eb

pDk fdZsk j?. T[j fJ; w[ eb d; e/ c/o nkgD/ xV/ sohe/ tkfjr[o{
fwbD d/ dZ;d/ jB s/ fJ; soQK nkgDhnK b'VK g{ohnK eod/ jBL
fi; dk f;woB ehsk ikt/, T[; dh j/mb/ wB (subconscious)
ftu :kd tZ; iKdh j?. f;woB ftu fXnkB stZi'A ;[os nk iKdh j?. i'rh
dh ;wkXh sK E'VQh d/o ofjzdh j?, f;woB Bkb :kd dh jw/ k tk;s/ ;wkXh
bZr iKdh j?. w b/bk-b/bk eodk T[; dh :kd ftu w;s j' frnk.
b/bk T[; d/ fjod/ ftu nk tZ;h. fJ; nzso nksw/A b/bk d/ fXnkB ftu
T[j J/Bk fbt bhB j'fJnk fe id b/bk B/ nk e/ T[; p[bkfJnk, sK T[;
e'Jh ypo BjhA ;h feT[Afe T[; dh b/bk sK T[;d/ nzdo t;dh ;h.
oZp ih dh j {oh dh gqshsh (feeling) j[zdh j? n?T[A fit/A e[o;h Bkb
i/ Yk;DK bk e/ p?mhJ/ sK e[o;h dh w"i{dh gqshsh (feeling) j[zdh j?.
gob'e ftu XB d"bs n? o: gdkoE e[M th Bkb BjhA iKdk.
f;oc f;woB ehsk Bkw jh Bkb iKdk j?, s/ Bkw dh ewkJh ehsh dk gsk
woB d/ pknd brdk j?. Bkw torh j'o e'Jh uh BjhA. r[opkDh s/ Bkw
r[o{ BkBe dh nw'be dks j?. r[opkDh Bkw ftu b? iKdh j? s/ Bkw
tkfjr[o{ ftu ;wkJh py dk j?. pkeh ;G ftZfdnk s/ fcbk;chnK J/E/ jh
ofj iKdhnK jB.
;kvk ezw tkfjr[o{ jkeK wkoh ikDk j?. Uj ;[D/ :k Bk, fJj
U; dh wo h j?. johiB nodk; eodk j?, i/ ;KJh ;[D bt/, sK tkj tkj,
[eo Bjha sK T[; dh o k ftu y[ ojhJ/. tkfjr[o{ e'Jh GkDk feT[A
toskT[Adk j? fJ; dh T[; ;wM j?. n;K jo n?Gh fBGh ftu T[; dk bV
BjhA SZvDk j?.
tkfjr[o{ dk f;woB eoh ub'. f;woB eod/ eod/ fSB nk
ikt/rh, fijVh ;k ekb ck; s'A pkjo eZY b? ikt/rh. jK T[j fSB fi;
pko/ fejk j?
J/e fus fij fJe fSB fXnk:'.
ekb ck; e/ phu B nkfJU. (gksa0)
f;woB dk Bshik (result) j[zdk j? L fjod/ ftu mzY dk tkgoBk,
fsqe[Nh ftu ;kvh ;[os dk fbtbhB j'Dk (eZmk j'Dk) s/ ;[ywBK dk
y[ZbQDk.

eow ns[ZN (Absolute) BjhA eowK dk nkfd ph j? s/ nzs ph j?.

eowK go oZph pyf jkth j[zdh j?. eow nkg cbdkfJe BjhA j[zd/. eowK
dk cb gqdksk tkfjr[o{ j?. T[; dk j[ew dfJnk (mercy) s/ wpBh j[zdk j?.
T[j ;kvk fgsk i' j'fJnk. n;K T[; dh UN Go';/ s/ y[ ofjDk j?. jo t/b/
tkfjr[o{ dk fuzsB eod/ ojhJ/. wB B/ sK jo t/b/ e[ZM fuzsB eod/ jh
ofjDk j?, fJ; f;woB ftu bkT[, sK i' ;wK ;cb j't/. uZeh ftu o/s
gk e/ gh;D dk eh ckfJdk< eDe dk gh;Dk gktKr/ sK nkNk fBeb/rk.
tkfjr[o{ j?. w[sbk h gfjbK fJj wzB b?Dk ukjhdk j? s/
f;woB ftu bZr ikDk ukjhdk j?. fco T[j tkfjr[o{ nkg jh gqshs eo
bt/rk, nkgD/ s op/ ftu gk bt/rk.
f;Zy f;oc nkgD/ fJeZb/ dh jh (individually) soZeh BjhA eodk,
T[; B/ gzE eoBk j?. gfjbh gks kjh B/ d{;oh s/ d{;oh B/ sh;oh gzE
eoB tk;s/ j[ew ehsk ;h. fJT[A jh pkeh ;kohnK gks kjhnK B/ ehsk.
vkeNo i' e/tb nkgD/ xo dh jh ;ckJh oZy/ sK id'A rbh ftu gb/r g?
rJh T[j nkgD/ xo BjhA puk ;e/rk. T[; rbh wjZb/ dh ;ckJh dk
th fynkb oZyDk ukjhdk j?. ykb;/ dk nkdo j? - ikrs i'fs ig? fB;
pk;[o fi; d/ nzdo fJj i'fs gqek j' ikt/, T[j y[dro BjhA ofj ;edk.
sbtko ubKd/ ubKd/ T[; dk jZE pyf tk;s/ o[e ikt/rk.
pkpk okw f;zx ih BkwXkoh , id T[j ozr{B ftu B opzd ;B,
fe;/ ;fs;zrh B/ fbfynk fe w? uoB X{V dh pyf eo G/i', i' w?A ;oho s/
bk e/ phwkoh s'A tZb j' iktK. pkpk ih B/ T[Zso fdZsk - fe w/oh uoB X{V
ftu e'Jh esh BjhA j?. i' j? ph sK fJj Bkw dh jh pyf j?. s{z ph Bkw
dk bV cV. c/o s/o/ ftu ph T[j skes nk ikt/rh fijVh s/ok nzs tkbh
(finite) o{j (soul) nkgDh pyf d[nkok nkgD/ ftu fwbk b?Adk j?.
tkfjr[o{ ih dk fJe t/o Bkw b? e/, i/ c/o tkfjr[o{ efjD ih
eo/ sK ;wM' f;woB ;cb j' fojk j? s/ w?b eZN ojh j?. o;BK Bkb f;woB
eod/ oj'. fJj skb pZX (rhythmical) nkg jh j' ikt/rk. c/o ;{yw j' e/
:kd ftu tZ; ikt/rk, s/ c/o ed/ T[j fJe fSB nk ikt/rh, id o{j
nBzs Bkb S[j ikt/rh, fJj fwbkg j?, fJj o; Gog{o nt;Ek j?. o{j
fsqe[Nh ftu nk ikt/rh, wB ftu mzY g? ikt/rh, s/ f;o ftu ukBDk fJ;
o' Bh Bk ;wMDk Gk;/rk, sphns ftu y/Vk nk ikt/rk.

r[owfs ;/XK - 214

w?A ihtB s'A fJj wzfBnk j? fe f;woB d/ j[bko/ Bkb tkfjr[o{ w/o/
Bkb Gk;/. i/ ed/ tkfjr[o{ Bk Gk;/ sK fw;oB o{oh ikoh oj/. fdb j'o
ftukoK s'A jfNnk oj/.
f;Zyh ft;wkd dk wkor j? - BkBe Grsk ;dk ftrk;[. n;K
f;wo f;wo e/ gqG[ nkgDk, ;'fJnk wB irT[Dk j?. ;kv/ tkfjr[o{ oZph
r[o{ ;B, T[j nkgDk frnkB, fijVk r[o{ j? s/ oZp ih s'A fwfbnk j?, ;qh
r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp d/ o{g ftu SZv rJ/ jB. f;Zy B/ dhy:k gziK fgnkfonK s'A
b?Dh j?. gziK fgnkfonK ftu nkg gow/ o (ebrhXo ih wjkoki) w"i{d
j[zd/ jB. gziK fgnkfonK d/ fdZs/ Bkw r[ow[y dh ;jkfJsk Bkb gqc[Zbs
eoBk j?. ;fsr[o{ ;T[ bkfJ fus[ s/ r[ow[yh ;T[ efo d';sh. f;woB fdqV
eoe/ f;Zy B/ nkg igDk s/ j'oBK igkT[Dk j?. ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih dh
skbhw gZe/ ftuko (mature thoughts) jB. fJjBK jkb/ sZe ph
;wMDk n"yk j?. j/mb/ wB (sub-conscious) dh j'Ad wb{w eoe/ :{og dh
;kfJz; (western science) B/ j[D/ fij/ fJj Bkw T[jBK B/ j/mb/ wB dk
oZfynk j?, go ;hq r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih ftu fJj sbjhns (osk ;fu Bkw
sbjhnb[ ;' r[o{ gowb[ ejhn?) eoe/ gfjbK jh w"i{d j?. j[D sZe sK T[BQK
:{og tkfbnK j/mb/ wB dk gsk jh BjhA ;h.
nZi eZb ;zs b'e e[M eokwks fijh esh jk;b eo b?Ad/ jB. c/
o T[j b'eK s'A wkfJnk mrDh [o{ eo fdzd/ jB, nkyo T[j oZp s'A w[Beo
j' pfjzd/ jB. nkgD/ nkg r[o{ ;dkT[D bZr g?Ad/ jB. ;fsr[o{ ;kv/ ;qh
r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih jB. fJj o{jkBh, nwoh (divine) r[o{nK d/ r[o{ jB. dzGh
r[o{ ;k fJ; frnkB d/ ukBD/ s'A ;ZyDk oZyDk ukj[zd/ jB. fijVk
(nkgD/ nkg ikBD tkbk efjzdk j?- fe w?A ikfDnK BjhA) T[j e[ZM
ikDdk j?.
;kv/ nwoh (divine) r[o{ jw/ K nzr ;zr jB fJ; fB u/ i/
fynkb ftu ph gekU sK tes nkt/rk id fJj rb ;Zu gqshs j'D br
ikt/rh s/ ;[Zy d/t/rh.
(;qh wkB gdw G{ B vkeNo GkJh tho f;zx ih ofus g[;se
r[ow[y f;Zfynk ftu'A XzBtkd ;fjs .)
!!!

Grs g{oB f; x ih (fg rbtkVk)

d/ nBw'b puB
fgSbh ;dh ftu, fg rbtkVk dh ;z;Ek d/ ;zukbe, Grs g{oB
f; x ih, fJe wjkB fuzse, e[dos d/ gq/wh, wB[y wkso ftu oZp d/ do B
eoB tkb/, oZph fgnko Bkb Gog{o, fsnkr dh w{os, ykb;k g E d/
tZvw[Zb/ jho/, r[o{ d/ ;Zu/ ;[Zu/ f;Zy j'J/ jB .
GkJh eBQJhnk ih tKr, Grs ih B/ ;koh T[wo bktko; o'rhnK,
ngkjiK, gkrbK, ;wkie e[ohshnK dk f eko j'JhnK fJ;sohnK dh i' ;/
tk ehsh T[j fJe fw;kb j? . p/edoK dh Xosh s/ iBw b? e/ ;hws ;kXBK
Bkb Grs ih B/ is-;s ftu ekfJw ofj e/ ns/ nkgk tko e/ wB[Zyh
edoK dhnK fiBQK p[bzdhnK B{z S[fjnk T[j nkg B{z g ikp dh wdo N?o/;k
pDB dk jZe py dk j? .
nkg dh xkbDk B{z d/yfdnK Gkos ;oeko B/ nkg B{z gdw ;qh
Bkb tfvnkfJnk i' fe nkg B/ ;kek Bhbk skok d/ y{Bh eKv fgS'A o';
ti'A tkg; eo e/ r[o{ d/ ;Zu/ f;Zy j'D dk ;p{s fdZsk . nkgDh ebw
Bkb, Grs ih B/ i' wB[Zysk dh ;/tk ehsh, ;zrsK ftu G/Nk eo oj/ jK .
T[whd j? gkme bkG b? e/ n;h;K py D dh feqgk eoBr/ .
nkgD/ ;wkfie ihtB d/ fJ; gVkn s/ g[Zi e/ w?A pVk w{oy
j'tKrk i/ w?A nkgD/ fdb ftu e'Jh nfijk f nkb nkT[D fdnK fijVk
f nkb w/o/ s'A e'Jh nfijk ezw eok ;edk j't/ fi; Bkb wB[Zysk ebzes
j't/ . j[D sK gqkDh-wkso dh ;/tk, ;wkie ;/tk s/ d/ -;/tk d/ w/o/ ekoi
w/o/ nkb/-d[nkb/ ft;wkd dk tksktoD pDkJh oZyd/ jB fi; ft;wkd
ftu w?A r[zw j'fJnk ofjzdk jK . go fJ; ft;wkd dk tksktoD sK e'Jh
BthA rZb BjhA . fJj ;kb d' ;kb s'A g?dk j'fJnk BjhA j?, fJj sK T[;/ fdB
s'A g?dk j'Dk nkozG j' frnk ;h fi; fdB w?B{z r[od[nkok v/jok ;kfjp d/
gqek n;EkB n do ;kJhA fdZsk opkph dk ehosB ;[Dd/ j'J/ B{z r[od[nkok
v/jok ;kfjp d/ wjzs ;kfjp, GkJh s/ik f;zx ih B/ w?B{z g[ZfSnk ;h fe

r[owfs ;/XK - 216

r[owfs ;/XK - 217

ekek, s{z o' ehosB ;[DB bJh ;zrs d/ ikD s'A fgS'A pj[s d/o se p?mk
ofjzdk j?A, s{z feE'A nkT[Adk j?A < w?A T[Zso fdZsk fe ih w?A ;/tk eoBh ukj[zdk
jK . wjzs ;kfjp B/ w/oh rZb ;[D e/ nkgD/ tZv/ t ho GkJh jhok f; x B{z
fejk ;h fe GkJh jhok f; x fJ; w[ v/ d/ jZE s/ eVkj gq kd dk v{zBk oZy
d/j, fJ; dk f nkb oZyhA, fJj jZE'A Bk fBeb ikt/ . T[BQK fdBK ftu w?A
nkgDk d;thA iwks d/ fJwfsjkB dk Bshik T[vhe fojk ;K . GkJh
joBkw f;zx ih nkN/ tkb/ B/ w?B{z fJBQK pdK Bkb r[od[nko/ dh ;/tk bJh
gq/fonk ;h fe ekek s{z fJwfsjkB dk Bshik T[vhedk j'fJnk ;kok fdB
xo ftjbk p?mk ofjzdk j?A, s{z r[od[nkok v/jok ;kfjp ufbnk ikfJnk eo.
T[; B/ w?B{z fejk fe fi; pzd/ B/ th ;z;ko ftu e[M gqkgs ehsk j? T[j r[o{
xo dh ;/tk s'A jh gqkgs ehsk j? . w?A fe;/ d[ekB s/ g i o[gJ/ wjhBk s/
nkNk SkfDnk eodk ;K . nZi w?A nwho nkdwh pD u[Zek jK, fJj ;G e[M
w?B{z r[o{ xo s'A gqkgs j'fJnk j?, w?A ig[ih ;kfjp, nkBzd ;kfjp, ;G
pkDhnK dk gkm eodk j[zdk ;K . ;[ywBh ;kfjp tZb w/ok dk fXnkB pj[s
f nkdk ;h . w/oh wK GkJh joBkw f;zx d/ xo GKv/ wKiD dh B"eoh eodh
;h .
w/o/ fJ; ft;wkd B{z g?dk eoB tkb/ T[j dkBh wod, fJ;sohnK s/
pZu/ j[zd/ jB i' d/ d/ e'B/ e'B/ s'A s/ fJzrb?Av, EkJhb?Av, fBT{ hb?Av,
;ekNb?Av, iowBh, wb/ hnk, nop d/ K JhokB i?;/ nB/eK d/ K s'A nkT[Ad/
jB . e'Jh efjzdk j? w?A nkgD/ xo o' ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp dk gqek eodk
jK s/ fJj w/o/ xo dk ;kb Go dk ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp dk uVQktk j? . e'Jh
phph efjzdh j? fe w/oh B"eoh bZrh j?, w?A vkeNo pDh jK, iK w?A nfXnkge
pDh jK, fJj w/oh gfjbh sB kj j? . eztkohnK e[VhnK id w/o/ gk;
nkgDhnK sB kjK b? e/ nkT[AdhnK jB sK w?A ;'funk eodk jK fe oZpk s{z
w/ohnK fezBhnK e[ XhnK pDkt/Ark <-fezBhnK XhnK dk w?A f nkb oZyKrk <
fJeZbh fJeZbh Xh efjzdh j? pkpk ih w?B{z gVQB bJh feskpu/ fdU. e'Jh
r[of;Zy w?B{z efj fdzdk j? fe w?A xo ftu r'be oZyh j? s/ feb' feb' s/ d'
feb' d/ f;Ze/ b? e/ nk iKdk j? s/ efjzdk j? fe w/ok fJeZbk fJeZbk pZuk
fJ; r'be ftu g ih d;h gqsh fdB gkT[Adk ofjzdk j? . e'Jh efjzdk j? fe
w/oh Xh dk ftnkj j'fJnk j? . e'Jh efjzdk j? w/o/ g[Zs dk ftnkj j'fJnk j? .
e'Jh efjzdk j? fe id'A w?A fpwko fgnk ;K sK w?A ;'funk eodk ;K fe ok h

j' e/ fg rbtkV/ iktKrk s/ ngkfjiK dh ;/tk-;zGkb bJh nkgDk dkB d/

e/ nktKrk . eh gsk j? gowkswk fijVk xN-xN d/ n so dh ikDdk j?
T[j ngkfjiK dk feo eodk j'fJnk T[BQK dh ;jkfJsk bJh w?B{z ok h eo
d/t/ . e'Jh phph fefonk dk dkB b? e/ nkT[Adh j?-fi; dk wksk fgsk iK
e'Jh j'o ;zpzXh wo frnk j[zdk j? s/ T[j nkgD/ Bkb oikJh ezpb, y/;h, GKv/
b? e/ nkT[Adh j?, e'Jh phph efjzdh j? fJj d' ;" o[gJ/ s/o/ eZgfVnK tk;s/
jB.
fJe phph fJzrb?Av d/ fjo ;kT{E jkb ftu vZpk jZE ftu b? e/
fg rbtkV/ bJh T[rokjh eodh ofjzdh j? . T[j phph fgSb/ g i e[ ;kbK
ftu kfJd ;kB{z d' bZy o[fgnk T[rokj e/ G/i u[Zeh j't/rh . e?B/vk d/
ftu fg rbtkV/ bJh r[od[nko/ dh ;zrs s'A 100 e[-g ikph bVe/ n?stko
tkb/ fdB tkoh tkoh ;zrs ftu'A wkfJnk T[rokj[zd/ jB .
fijVhnK B"itkB bVehnK dkB b? e/ nkT[AdhnK jB fit/A fgZS/
fJe bVeh oDihs e"o B?o'ph (nohek) s'A nkJh ;h . T[j n pkoK B{z
n ro/ h b/y fby e/ G/idh j?, T[j fJzrb?Av ftu izwh gbh j?. T[; Bkb w?B{z
g i-S/ x N/ n ro/ h ftu rZbK eoBhnK gJhnK . T[j ngkfjiK dk jkb
;[D e/ (fiBQK ftu i[nkB gkrb e[VhnK s/ fJ;sohnK th j[zdhnK jB) o'
gJh ;h . T[; B/ w?B{z fejk w?A s[jkvh B?o'ph s'A js/ d/ js/ fuZmh fbfynk
eoKrh . w?A T[; B{z wB[Zyk ihtB dk wB'oE dZf;nk . w?A T[; B{z T[jBK
sfonK s'A ikD{ eokfJnk fijV/ d/ nZr/ s/ ;koh d[BhnK nZr/ yVQ/ j' oj/
jB fit/A izr dk sok . nfij/ izrh jfEnko pD u[Ze/ jB fijV/ g iK
fw NK ftu ;koh d[BhnK dk ;opBk eo ;ed/ jB ns/ g?Ash tkoh eo ;ed/
jB . wB[Zy nB/eK bkbuK dh kso, d{i/ wB[ZyK B{z esb eoB bZrk
feoe BjhA eodk . w?A T[; B{z dZf;nk fe Xow d/ gquko s'A fpBK d[BhnK d/
pzd/ dfJnk Gkt s'A kbh j' oj/ jB s/ p/-ofjw j' oj/ jB. w?A T[; B{z fJj th
dZf;nk fe fi; fj;kp Bkb Gkos d/ o[Zy tZY/ ik oj/ jB T[; fj;kp Bkb
Gkos dh ;koh Xosh fJe ;" ;kb ftu o/s dk wko{Eb pD ikJ/rh, pj[s
;koh nkpkdh G[Zy Bkb wo/rh s/ nkN/ u'A b{D fizBk pkeh pu/rh . w?E'A ni/
j/ f nkb ;[D e/ B"itkB e[VhnK ;'funk eodhnK jB fe fJeZb/ iBw d/
fgU Bkb ezw BjhA ;odk pbfe frnkB d/D tkb/ Xkofwe fgU dh b'V Gh
UBh jh j[zdh j? fizBh iBw d/D tkb/ fgU dh .

r[owfs ;/XK - 218

fi; fgnko, ;fseko s/ oXk Bkb d/ s/ d[BhnK Go s'A itkB

bVehnK s/ fJ;sohnK w/o/ bJh g?;/ s/ eZgV/ b? e/ nkT[AdhnK jB, T[BQK B{z
t/y e/ w/o/ fjod/ n do tkfjr[o{ d/ [eokB/ dk o'Dk nk iKdk j? s/ T[j w/o/
nZr/ wktK s/ XhnK pD e/ yVQhnK j' iKdhnK jB . d[BhnK ftu oZp dh
;Zfsnk ubdh ofjzdh j? s/ GrsK dhnK y/vK th tkfjr[o{ ubkJh oZfynk
eodk j? . fJBQK fpBK T[j d[BhnK B{z kbh BjhA ofjD fdzdk . fJ; bJh w?A
;kohnK ykD-ghD tkbhnK t;sK dh g{oh y'i eodk fojk jK sK i' w?A
;kX-g[D/ dk fBoftxB gftZso ihtB fpskT[Adk iktK .
gq B g?dk j[zdk j? fe fi; tkfjr[o{ B/ f;q Nh dh ouBk ouh T[; B/
fgsk d/ s"o s/ nkgD/ ;z;ko Go d/ ;ko/ w[ v/ e[VhnK g[ZsoK XhnK B{z T[jBK
dh g doK ;kbK dh T[wo s'A [oke d/ ;zpzX ftu frnkB dD dk e'Jh feo
ehsk j't/rk iK BjhA < tkfjr[o{ pko/ fJj ;'uDk T[; dh fBokdoh j't/rh .
T[j tkfjr[o{ ekjdk j't/rk i/ T[; B/ fJj feo Bk ehsk j'fJnk j't/ <
;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp i?;/ Xow rqzEK dh pkDh ouD tkb/ ;qh r[o{
BkBe d/t ih i?;/ wjKg[o oZp B/ J/;/ bJh d[BhnK s/ g?dk ehs/ ;B fiBQK
B/ d[BhnK ftu iBw b? e/ ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp i?;/ rqzEK dh pkDh ouh .
fijV/ pzd/ fJBQK Xow rqzEK B{z BjhA gVQd/ T[j nGkr/ j[zd/ jB . fijV/ pzd/
r[od[nkfonK i?;/ Xow n;EkBK B{z BjhA iKd/ T[jBK B{z j;gskbK mkfDnK
s/ i/bQK B{z th ikDk g?Adk j? . T[BQK B{z nB/eK o'r bZrd/ jB . ;qh r[o{ rqzE
;kfjp i?;/ Xow rqzEK u'A f;js dh f;Zfynk th fwbdh j?, e/tb
nfXnksfwesk dh f;Zfynk jh BjhA, i?;k fe ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp d/ j/m
fby/ pdK s'A gqrN j? L
f;oh okr wjbk 1
;fG o; fwm/ w fBn? ;[fDn? ;kb'D/ ..
yN s[o;h w[fy p'bDk wkoD Bkd ehJ/ ..
Sshj n fwqs GkT[ J/e[ ik eT[ Bdfo eo/fJ ..
1..
..1
pkpk j'o[ ykDk y[;h y[nko[ ..
fis[ ykX? sB[ ghVhn? ..
wB wfj ubfj fteko ..
1 .. ojkT[ .. g L 16 ..
..1
aaaaa aaaaa aaaaa aaaaa aaaaa aaaaa
fXqr[ fXqr[ ykfJnk fXqr[ fXqr[ ;'fJnk ..

r[owfs ;/XK - 219

fXqr[ fXqr[ ekgV[ n fr uVkfJnk ..

796
..
..796
796..
j/mK [oke d/ ;zpzX ftu ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;kfjp dk tke fdZsk
j? L

nbg njko ;[bg ;h fBzdqk

d:k fSwk sB gqhfs .
wB[Zy n do ft;wkd B{z d/yD dh fJe shpo fJZSk j? . id T[j
nkgD/ nkb/ d[nkb/, oZp B{z uzr/ bZrD tkb/ ezwK Bkb ft;wkd-Go/
jkbks g?dk eo b?Adk j? sK fco T[j ft;wkd-GohnK [ hnK ftu r[zw j'
iKdk j? . c/o T[; B{z wkVhnK y[ hnK dk f nkb sZe BjhA nkT[Adk . fJjh
e[M r[o{ d/ bV bZrD Bkb fwbdk j? . w?A d;thA iwks ftu'A c/bQ j' e/
nkgdh 20 ;kb dh T[wo s'A r[od[nkok v/jok ;kfjp d/ wB[Zysk dh xkVs
d/ eko kB/ ftu nkgD/ ihtB dh xkVs eokT[Adk j'fJnk 18 nr;s
1947 tkb/ fdB sZe T[; wjkB n;EkB dh Sso-SkfJnk j/m fojk ;K .
T[;/ fdB w?A fJe fofcT{ih d/ s"o s/ r[o{ eh Broh ;qh n fwqs;o d/ kb;k
ekbi tkb/ fofcT{ih e?Ag ftu g[Zi frnk ;K . w/o/ gk; fJe o[fgnk g i
nkB/ ;B . r[od[nkok v/jok ;kfjp s'A w?A nkgDh fgZm T[s/ b{bQ/ d/ o{g ftu
ub fojk fg rbtkVk nkgD/ Bkb fbnKdk ;h . ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp d/ j/m
fby/ pdK jT[ w{oy[ eko/ bkJhnk BkBe jfo ezw/ ns/ ihn dkB[ d/fJ
Grsh bkfJfB jfo f;T[ b?fB fwbkfJ d/ yokd ftu w/ok ihtB yokfdnk
iKdk fojk j? s/ T[; yokd s'A yokfdnk iKfdnK j'fJnK w?B{z d/ s/ d[BhnK
Go d/ e'B/ e'B/ s'A nkT[D tkb/ dkBhnK s'A i' fwbtosD s/ T[s kj gqkgs
j[zdk fojk j? T[; d/ ft;wkd dk gqrNktk fdB oks w/o/ nZr/ j[zdk ofjzdk j?.
fJ; dk G/s ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp d/ j/m fby/ pd ftu fSfgnk fgnk j? Lij ij eki feofs ;/te eh
sjk sjk T[fm Xkt? ..
1 ..
..1
;/te eT[ fBeNh j'fJ fdykt? .. g L 403 ..
fJ; pd d/ ft;wkd B{z t/ydk j'fJnk w?A nZyK ftu jzM{ fbnk e/
;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp d/ fJ; pd B{z gVQB bZr g?Adk jK Ljw o[bs/ fcos/ e'Jh pks B g{Ssk
r[o ;fsr[o ;zfr eho/ jw Ekg/ ..
167
..
..167
167..
bVe/ bVehnK, ;e{bK ekbiK ftu fJeZm/ gVQ oj/ jB, s/ pk K

r[owfs ;/XK - 220

r[owfs ;/XK - 221

p hfunK ftu fJeZm/ p?m oj/ jB . T[BQK B{z f;B/wk ns/ N?bhft B sh
sksh tkT[ bZr ojh j? . nkpkdh d/ tkX/ s/ [oke dh xkN B/ i' efjo g?dk
eo d/D/ jB, T[BQK dh uouk fJ; feskpu/ ftu w?A eo fdZsh j? . fJ; bJh
jo e[nko/ w[ v/ e[Vh B{z ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp dh pkDh nk;k dh tko dk j/m
fbfynk pd ;tk; ;tk; :kd oZyDk ukjhdk j? LG? ftfu ;{oi[ G? ftfu uzd[ ..
d[BhnK d/ pzd/ fJj ;'u e/ uZbDr/ fe i/ ;{oi, uzd, sko/ s/ Xosh
oZp s'A vo e/ fe;/ gk;/ nZy g[ZN e/ BjhA t/yd/ pbfe wo:kdk d/ f ezi/ ftu
ieV/ j'J/ jB sK wB[Zy dh eh j;sh j? fe is ;s dh wo:kdk B{z s'Vdk
j'fJnk wB[Zyh ;oho o{gh w do dk ngwkB eo/ .
fe;/ ftdtkB B/ fbfynk j? fe ;kB{z pV/ G?V/ s'A G?V/ jkbks d/
w[ekpb/ bJh fsnko ofjDk ukjhdk j? . pV/ ;zeN wB[Zy d/ nZr/ yVQ/ j' iKd/
jB . G{ukb nk iKdk j?, jVQ nk iKdk j?, izr nk iKdh j?, oki;h GkiVK
d/ ekoD pzfdnK B{z eJh eJh fdB G[Zy eZNDh g?Adh j?, eJh eJh fdB oks
s[oBk g?Adk j?, tZvk Gko u[ZeDk g?Adk j?, j'o BjhA sK S'N/ S'N/ g[ZsoK dk
Gko u[Ze e/ eJh eJh fdB g?db s[oBk g? ;edk j? fit/A w?A b{bQ/ B{z u"dK
;kb fgZm s/ u[Zeh fcodk fojk jK s/ gkfe;skB dh GkiV u'A T[; B{z
eb/i/ Bkb bk e/ fgZm s/ u[Ze e/ Gkos B{z fbnkfJnk ;K . ew 'o pzdk
fJj' fij/ jkbks dk w[ekpbk BjhA eo ;fenk eodk . 20 ;kb se
ewkfJnk j'fJnk pqjwuo: jh wB[Zy d/ ;oho dh pDso dh BhAj j'fJnk
eodk j? . Gkt/A y/sh eoBh j't/, Gkt/A g[bh; iK "i dh B"eoh eoBh j't/,
e[M th eoBk j't/, jo ezw bJh fBZro ;oho dh b'V j[zdh j? . fijVk pZuk
15 ;kb dh T[wo s'A nkgDk tho: B N eoB bZr gt/rk T[j ew 'o j[zdk
ikt/rk s/ S/sh jh fe;/ o'r dk f eko j' e/ wo ikt/rk . ew 'o ;ohoK tkb/
pzfdnK d/ d/ izrK ftu wko ykfJnk eod/ jB s/ kpo jwbktoK d/ g?oK
j/mK e[ub/ ikfJnk eod/ jB .
n?;a okXk feq BB B/ fbfynk j? fe gqwkswk B/ id'A d[BhnK
pDkJh ;h sK T[; B/ fJ; pko/ fJj :'iBk BjhA pDkJh ;h fe fJj o{o
popkd j't/rh . fJ; ftu ;zeN nkT[Dr/ iK fJ; ftu nB/e gqeko d/
ftrkV g?Dr/ . T[jBK fbfynk j? fJj sK d[BhnK d/ b'eK d/ nkgD/ tZ; dh
rZb j? fe T[j fJ; B{z popkd j'D d/D iK uzrh pDk d/D . toswkB ;dh

d/ wjkB ftdtkB ukovB B/ fbfynk j? fe-gowkswk B/ pzd/ B{z fJj y[ZbQ

py h j? fe T[j nkgDk ezw iK nkjko nkg bZG/ s/ fijVk ezw eoBk ukj/
T[j ezw Bk eo/ . T[; B{z fJsBh p[ZXh th fdZsh j? fe T[j bzx oj/ ;w/A d/
jkbks B{z rj[ Bkb sZedk j'fJnk fJj nB[wkB th bk ;Ze/ fe i/ T[j
jkbks ubd/ oj/ sK T[BQK jkbksK d/ Bshi/ d/ s"o s/ nkT[D tkb/ ;w/A
ftu d/ iK ;z;ko d/ eh jkbks g?dk j'Dr/ . T[; ftu fJj :'rsk th j?,
fe jkbks B{z ftrVB s'A o'e ;Ze/ s/ ftrV/ j'J/ jkbks B{z mhe eoB bJh
:'iBktK pDk ;e/ s/ T[; :'iBk nB[;ko T[;koh th eo ;Ze/ . T[; B/ fJj
th fbfynk j? fe wB[Zy d/ fjod/ n do tkfjr[o{ B/ fJe nfijh fyZu gkJh
j'Jh j? fi; d/ ekoB ;z;ko d/ pzd/ fJe jB .
nkgD/ ekoiK B{z ;ztkoB bJh, nkgD/ nkg B{z sfonK s'A pukT[D
bJh nkgD/ jkbs dk ;[Xko eoB bJh fJeZm/ j' ikD s/ fJe d{i/ B{z
b'VhAdk T[gokbk eoB bJh podko th eo ;eD s/ c/o UVe fe;/ w'ou/
B{z sfj eoB bJh fJeZm/ j' ikD . d;t/A gks kj ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih
B/ sK ;h; sZe b?D dh e;tZNh Bkb nkgD/ g i fgnko/ goy/ ;B L
i/eo eoBh d/ ;{o/ fe;/ wjKg[oy dh gq/oBk nB[;ko b'ehA ;h; sZe
d/D B{z fsnko j' ;ed/ jB sK fco Gkos dh Xosh B{z wko{;Eb j'D s'A
pukT[D bJh o[ZyK dk gquko eoB bJh s/ gqkDh B{z fjohb/ j'D s'A pukT[D
bJh, eko kfBnK dhnK pDhnK t;sK dh xZN tos'A eoB, w'NoekoK dh
tos'A SZvD, e'fJb/ s/ s/b dh xZN s'A xZN tos'A eoB i?;/ ekoiK bJh
T[jBK B{z gq/oBk eoB bJh B"itkB w[ v/ e[VhnK bZGD/ e'Jh tZvh rZb BjhA
j' ;edh . ;wK nk u[Zek j? fe ;qh r[o{ BkBe d/t ih dh T[j ;kyh jo o'
T[j wK :kd eo/ fi; d/ g/N ftu pZuk j? iK i' fe;/ pZu/ B{z d[ZX u[zxk ojh
j?-i' ;kyh t/Jh Bdh dh j?l fi; d/ ezY/ s/ p?m e/ fszB fdB ;qh r[o{ BkBe
d/t ih Gkoh fuzsk ftu v[p/ j'J/ fJj ;'ud/ oj/ ;B fe w?A pkb pZu/ d/ w'j
ftu cf;nk ojK iK j/m fby/ pd d/ sek / nB[;ko d/ -tk;hnK B{z
fBeowDsk dh dbdb s'A pkjo eZYD bJh ihtB nogD eoK .
J/sh wko gJh eobkD/
..
s?A eh dod[ B nkfJnk .. g L 360
360..
;qh r[o{ BkBe d/t ih dk T[go fbfynk fJj pd T[jBK d/
w[ykofpzd u'A T[; ;w/A fBefbnk ;h id T[jBK B/ pkpo d/ jwb/ ;w/A Gkos

r[owfs ;/XK - 222

d/ fJ;sqhnK, wodK s/ pZfunK dh neEBh: d[orsh d/yh ;h .

d/ -tk;hnK dh froktN B{z d/yfdnK j'fJnK ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp
dk j/m fbfynk pd Lpb[ j'nk pzXB S[N/ ;G[ feS[ j's[ T[gkfJ ..
BkBe ;G[ feS[ s[wo? jkE w?A
s[w jh j's ;jkfJ ..
54
.. g L 1429 ..
..54
54..
wB[Zy iksh B{z Go';k fdtKdk j? fe fijV/ b'ehA fe;/ ;zeN s'A
puD bJh ;Zu/ fdb'A nodk; eo d/D sK oZp T[; ekoi B{z ;bsk d/D
bJh d/o BjhA bkfJnk eodk s/ s[ozs w'ou/ sfj eok fdnk eodk j? .
(Grs g{oB f;zx fg rbtkVk dh ihtBh ftu'A XzBtkd ;fjs)
!!!

p?b[ fpokB/ j'Jh j?

q'wDh Grs epho ;kfjp d/ ihtB Bkb ;pzXs fJe ;kyh ;kyhekoK
B/ fJzi fbyh j? L
epho ;kfjp d/ B/V/ jh fJe eow eKvh pqkjwD ofjzdk ;h. fJ;
epho ;kfjp B/ fejk fe pqkjwD ih gow/ o dk Bkw ig e/ iBw ;bk
eo'. pqkjwD B/ T[ so fdZsk fe n;hA yN eowh pqkjwD jK. Xkofwe rqzE
gVQBk ns/ gVQkDk, dkB d/Dk ns/ b?Dk, :Zr eoBk ns/ eokT[Dk jh
;kvk Xow j? ns/ fJ;/ ftu ;kvk efbnkD j?.
d/t B/s Bkb e'Jh pzdk pqkjwD rT{ dkB eo frnk, i' d/yD
Gh pj[s ;[zdo ;h ns/ d[ZX Gh ekh fdzdh ;h ns/ wro tZSk ;h. pqkjwD
T[; rK B/ w'j fbnk ns/ pqkjwD ih dk T[; Bkb fgnko g? frnk.
E'VQ/ ;w/A fgS'A pqkjwD dk nzfsw ;wK B/V/ nk frnk. e[dosh, i'
uh fgnkoh j't/ T[jh pko pko :kd nkT[Adh j?, ;' pqkjwD ih d/ nzs ;w/A,
T[BQK dh ;[os rK ftu jh ojh. r[opkDh d/ T[gd/ nB[;ko, wB[Zy dk
iBw, f zdrh ftu ng{oB nk ktK g{oB eoB bJh jh j[zdk j?.
;kY/ sq? wD d/j[oh ub? gkDh nzfB..
nkfJU pzdk d[Bh ftfu ts nk;{Dh pzfB..
wbe[b wT[s iK nkt;h ;G dotki/ GzfB..
fsBk fgnko/ GkJhnk nr? fdsk pzfB..
t/yj[ pzdk ufbnk uj[ ifDnk d/ ezfBQ..
cohdk nwb i/ ehs/ d[Bh ftu dorj nkJ/ ezw. nzr 1383
noE L ;kY/ fszB wD (eZu/) dk, pzd/ dk ;oho j? ns/ pzdk
nkgDhnK nk ktK dk pzfBQnk j'fJnk jh d[pkok d[BhnK ftu nkfJnk j?.
id'A nyho wbe[b w"s (:wd{s) ;oho d/ ;ko/ (B" dotk /) s'V e/ nk
ikt/rk sK pzd/ d/ fgnko/ (fwZso, ;zpzXh) ns/ GkJh, pzd/ d/ woD fgS'A, p/p;
j' e/ T[; noEh ftu pzBQ fdzd/ jB. cohd ;kfjp dZ; oj/ jB fe d/y'
nk;k g{oB eoB nkfJnk nkdwh nzs uko pzfdnK d/ w'Y/ uVQ e/ w kBxkN
tZb ik fojk j?. Bkb jh dZ; oj/ jB fe i' eow ;z;ko ftu ofjzfdnK ehs/

r[owfs ;/XK - 224

r[owfs ;/XK - 225

jB T[j dorkj ftu T[xV e/ ;kjwD/ nk ikDr/.

nk;k n dfo izfwnk nk;k o; e; ykfJ .. n r 61 ..
feT[Afe pqkjwD dh ;[os nzs t/b/ rT{ ftu ;h fJ; bJh woB
fgS'A tZSk pD e/ ;z;ko ftu nk frnk. f whdkoK B/ ybkfJnk gbkfJnk,
tZv/ j'J/ jZb i'V fdZsk. go ftjbhnK ykD tkbk ezw fe; soQK eo/<
fJ; bJh iZNK d/ vzv/ ykD/ gJ/ ns/ nzs fBZ;b j' e/ fvZr fgnk.
d/t B/s Bkb epho ;kfjp T[; o;s/ ik oj/ ;h ns/ ;G e[M nZyhA
d/y oj/ ;h. T[BQK iZNK g[ZfSnk fe p?b feT[A wkod/ j'. T[ so ftu T[j
efjD bZrk fe fJ; fybkfgbk e/ tZvk ehsk j? j[D ezw BjhA eodk
wkohJ/ Bk sK j'o eh eohJ/<
Grs ih efjD bZr/ w? fJ; Bkb rZb eo b?D fdU. T[BQK ik
e/ p?b d/ ezB ftu fejk fe n;hA id efjzd/ ;h fe okw Bkw ig efbnkD
j't/rk T[j s{z ehsk BjhAl j[D ykj iZNK dh wko, iK fco jZb Bkb i[V. T[j
efjD bZrk w?B{ fJBQK s'A pukt' w?A j[D s[jkvk fejk wzBKrk.
fJ; ;kyh s/ nkXkfos r[opkDh ftu epho ;kfjp dk pd j? L
ukfo gkt, d[fJ f;zr,
r[zr w[y[, sp e?;/ r[B rJh j?..
T{ms p?ms m/rk gfo j?,
sp es w{v b[eJh j?....
jfo fpB[ p?b fpokB/ j'Jh j?..
ckN/ BkeB N{N/ ekXB
e'dT[ e' G[; yJh j?....ojkT[..
;ko' fdB v'bs pB wjhnk nij[ B g/N nxJh j?..
iB GrsB e' efjU B wkB' ehU ngB' gJh j?....
d[y ;[y eos wjk Gqfw p{v' nfBe i'fB GowJh j?.
osB iBw[ y'fJU gqG[ fp;foU fJj nT[;o es gJh j?....
Gqws fcos s/be e/ rfg fiT[ rfs fpB[ o?fB fpjJh j?..
ejs epho okw Bkw fpB[ w{v X[B/ gSsJh j?.... n r 524 ..
noE L j/GkJh id s/o/ uko g?o, d' f;zr ns/ r{zrk w{zj j't/rk fco
fe; soQK gqG{ d/ r[D rkt/Ark. T[mfdnK p?mfdnK s/o/ ;'Nk gt/rk fco fe;
soQK f;o b[ekt/Ark.

id s/o/ jbQ (i[VB Bkb) w'fYnK s/ xk; g? ikt/rh ns/ BZe

ftu tkr cVB bJh o;k fgnk j't/rk ns/ BfyX G{;k ykD fwb/rk fco
eh eo/Ark< j/ GkJh gqG{ ft;ko e/ fprkB/ p?b pDBk g?Adk j?.
wB[yk iBw ftu sK d' uko o'NhnK Bkb g/N Go iKdk j?. go p?b
pB e/ ;kok fdB uoB s'A Gh g/N BjhA Go/rk. gqG{ d/ Grs iBk dk fejk
BjhA wzfBnk fJ; bJh nkgDk ehsk G[rs/Ark. (wkfJnk d/) Gqw ftu c; e/
(uzr/ wzd/ eow eoB Bkb) d[y ;[y G'r e/ nB/eK i{BK ftu GNeDk g?Adk
j?. j[D osB tork ehwsh wB[Zyk iBw p/eko d/ ezwK ftu y' e/ gqG{ G[bk
fdZsk fco s? fJj w"ek ed fwb/rk< s/bh d/ pbd ns/ pKdo tKr
GT[AfdnK rsh s'A fpBK jh s/oh T[wo o{gh oks r[ o ikt/rh. epho ;kfjp
c[owkT[Ad/ jB fe gqG{ d/ Bkw G[bk e/ nzs ;w/A, f;o wko wko gSskT[Dk
g?Adk.
gdkoEtkdh soe hbK e'b fJ; T[gd/ pko/ pj[s soeK wkoB
jB. go r[o{ d/ f;Zy j'D d/ Bks/ n;K ss ;ko rZb b?Dh j? fe gqG{
ft;ko e/ nB/eK i{BK ftu GowDK g?Adk j?. ;koh rZb ;wMD bJh ;k
r[opkDh dhnK r[ji ow K ;wMDk gt/rk.
r[opkDh dk c[owkB j? L
ihT[ gkfJ sB[ ;kfink ofynk pDs pDkfJ.. (nzr 138
138))
Gkt gow/ o B/ n?;h pDs pDkJh j? fe fJ; ;oho ftu (ihT[)
iht nkswk gk e/ ;oho f zrkfonk j?. ;oho (fgzv) ns/ ihT[ iht
nkswk d/ ;[w/b Bkb ;koh y/bQ ub ojh j?. ;oho s'A p ?o i/ fe;/ d/ xo
e'Jh p'bD bZr gJ/ b'ehA G{s efjzd/ jB ns/ iht nkswk s'A p ?o fJj
;oho fwNh dh Y/oh j?.
;oho, wB o{gh iht dk fJe n" ko (N{b) iK wkfXnw j?. wB ftu
c[oBk c[fonk fe r[od[nko/ ikDk j? sK g?o r[od[nko/ tZb uZb gJ/ ns/ i/
wB ftu c[oBk c[fonk fe m/e/ ikDk j? sK ;oho g?o m/e/ tZb b? s[o/.
vkeNoK nB[;ko ;oho dh nZy ftu fJe h k j? ns/ gkDh j?,
nzdo d/yD tkbk wB j?. T[;/ nZy Bkb fwZso d/y e/ wB fyV iKdk j?
ns/ d[ wD d/y e/ wZE/ s/ fsT[VhnK g? iKdhnK jB. wB, wK, G?D,
gsBh ns/ j'o fo s/dkoK fJe' nZy Bkb d/y e/ tZy-tZy gqGkt ep{bdk
j?. fJ;/ soQK ezB T[j' jB nkgDh skoh ;[D e/ fujo/ s/ y[ h dk gqGkt,

r[owfs ;/XK - 226

r[owfs ;/XK - 227

o"De nk iKdh j? ns/ fBzfdnk iK e"V/ p'b ;[D fujo/ d/ jkt-Gkt pdb
iKd/ jB.
;oho wkfJnk (gqfeqsh) d/ gzi sZsK, jtk, gkDh nrBh fwZNh ns/
nkek s'A pfDnk j?. fJj gzi sZs, fJzihBhno, vkeNo, u'o, ;kX ns/
nwho iK rohp ftu fJe' fij/ gow/ o B/ gkJ/ jB. ;oho dk skgwkB 98H5
ckoBjhN s'A tXD Bkb, ;G p[yko ufVQnk nkyd/ jB ns/ xZN ikD
Bkb, ukj/ e'Jh j't/ ew 'oh j' iKdh j? ns/ nrBh dh nDj'Ad ekoB ;G
dh w"s j' iKdh j?. fJ;/ soQK gkDh dh xkN iK ;kj (jtk Bk fwbD ekoB
w"s j' iKdh j?.)
wB, p[ZX, fus ns/ nzjeko dk ;[w/b iht nkswk dk {y;[w o{g j?
ns/ ekw, eq'X, b'G, w'j, njzeko fJ; d/ nzr jB. gzi frnkB fJzdo/ ns/
gzi eow fJzdfonk okjhA wB ;koh y/v ubk fojk j?. fJe' fij/ gzi sZs
(jtk, gkDh, nrBh, fwZNh ns/ nek ) ;G ftu j'D d/ pkti{d, wB dh
fposh eoe/ e'Jh u'o j? iK ;kX j?. e'Jh vog'e j? ns/ e'Jh pjkdo j?. e'Jh
frnkBh j? iK nfrnkBh j?, e'Jh fwm/ p'b p'bD tkbk ns/ e'Jh d[opuB
p'bdk j?.
pbtkB ;oho tkbk pzdk, wB ew 'o j'D eoe/ jkbks dk ;kjwDk
Bk eo ;eD eoe/ y[de h eo b?Adk j? iK nkgD/ s'A wkV/, nZr/ ;wogB
eo fdzdk j?. id fe wB dk pbtkB, fdqVQ fJokd/ tkbk wB[Zy jkbks
pdb fdzdk j?.
;E{b ;oho d/ gzi sZs pdb/ BjhA ik ;ed/ go r[opkDh ns/
fJfsjk; nB[;ko, ekwh, eq'Xh, b'Gh ns/ nzjekoh g[o ;zs pD ;edk j?.
r[o{ BkBe ;Zu/ gks kj d/ T[gd/ ns/ ;zrs eoe/ G{whnK (u'o), ;ZiD
(mZr) ns/ wbe Gkr' tor/ njzekoh fposh tkb/ Gh ;zs pD rJ/. GkJh
fpXh uzd vke{ s'A goT[gekoh r[o{ dk f;Zy pD frnk ns/ p[ fdb, vog'e
pzfdnK B/ pV/ pV/ ikpo w[rb gmkDK v/r fbnk.
;oho dh ;kXBk Bkb GbtkB pDhdk j? ns/ nykfVnK d/ i/s{
pD e/ fJBkw gkJhdk j? go wB dh ;kXBk Bkb ;ko/ ;z;ko s/ cfsj gk
bJhdh j? .
wB[ ihs? ir[ ihs.. (ig[ih)
ns/ fJ; d/ Bkb jh gob'e ftu gow/ o d/ dopko ftu fJZ s

wkD fwbdk j?.

o/ o/ dorkj ej? B e'T{..
nkT[ p?m[ nkdo[ ;G d/T{.. nzr 252
;oho Bk;tkB j? go iht nkswk, Bk tkB BjhA feT[Afe fJj okw
dh nz j? L
ej[ epho fJj okw eh nz;[..
i; ekrd go fwN? B wz;[.. nzr 971
;kX' fJj[ sB[ fwfEnk wkB'..
:k Ghso i' okw p;s j?
;ku' skfj gSkB'.. (nzr 1181
1181))
;oho eo e/ pzdk eJh xzN/ fJe EK u"eVk wko e/ p?m ;edk j? go
wB uzub j? fJe fwzN Gh BjhA fNedk. pV/ pV/ i'rh, ;zs ns/ sgh;o wB
fJekro eoB ftu jko rJ/ fi; pko/ r[opkDh fJzi dZ; ojh j?.
ekfJnk Bro[ fJe pkbe[ tf;nk fyB[ gb[ fEo B ojkJh..
nfBe T[gkt isB eo oky/ pkozpo GowkJh..
w/o/ mke[o pkbe[ fJes xfo nkD[..
;fsr[o fwb? s g{ok gkJhn?
Gi[ okw Bkw[ Bh;kD[.. nzr 1191
noE L ;oho o{gh Bro ftu fJe (wB o{gh) pkbe tZ;dk j? i'
fJe fyB gb wkso bJh Gh fNedk BjhA. nB/eK jh T[gkT[ ns/ :sB
eoe/ e'Jh fJ; oZy/ go fJj pko pko Gowdk ofjzdk j?. j/ w/o/ mke[o (gow/
o) s[;hA feogk eoe/ fJ; fJe EK (gow/ o d/ Bkw dh j {oh ftu) fNek
d/t'.
wB dh ;kXBk jh Xow dh ;kXBk j? L
wwk wB f;T[ eki[ j? wB ;kX/ f;X j'fJ..
wB jh fwB f;T[ ej? ephok
wB ;k fwfbnk Bk e'fJ.. nzr 999
;oho wo e/ fwZNh ns/ ;[nkj pD iKdk j?. ;oho d/ woD Bkb gzi/
sZs jtk, gkDh, nrBh fwZNh nkfd gqfeqsh d/ sZsK ftu fwb iKd/ jB go
woB fgS'A wB eoe/ ehs/ eow, fJ; d/ nzsfj eoB ftu ;zuo/ j'J/, fJ; d/
Bkb iKd/ jB ns/ f zdrh ftu ng{oB nk ktK iK jT[w? nXhB ehs/

r[owfs ;/XK - 228

eowK eoe/ cb G'rD bJh iht nkswk d[pkok ;z;ko s/ nkT[Dk g?Adk
j?L
fifB ofu ofunk g[oy pXks/ Bkb/ jT[w? gkJh..
iBw woD fJ; jh eT[ j? o/ Ujk nkt? ikJh.. nzr
jT[ ftfu nkfJnk jT[ ftu rfJnk..
jT[ ftfu izfwnk jT[ ftfu w[nk..
jT[w? J/jk ikfs j? jT[w? eow ewkfj..
jT[w? J/Jh pzXBk fcfo fco i'Bh gkfj..
jT[w? feE'A T{gi? fes[ ;zifw fJj ikfJ..
jT[w? J/j' j[ew[ j? gfJn? feofs fcokfj..
jT[w? dhox o'r j? dko{ Gh fJ; wkfj..
feogk eo/ i/ nkgDh sK r[o ek ;pd[ ewkfj..
BkBe ej? ;[Dj[ iB' fJs[ ;zifw d[y ikfJ..
tko nk;k nzr 466
T[wo tXD Bkb ;oho d/ nzrK, ny, ezB, jE-g?o, wk;g/ hnK
ns/ gfmnK nkfd dh skes xNdh j? go wB dhnK tk BktK, Jhoyk,
eo'X, bkb;k, jT[w? nkfd fpbe[b BjhA xNd/ ;r'A tZXd/ jB. go r[o{ dh
wZs nB[;ko ihtB pshs eoB tkb/ r[ow[yK d/ Bkw igD, pkDh d/
nfGnk; ns/ goT[geko dh fposh oZyD tkb/ ifrnk;{, T[wo d/ tXD
Bkb nkswe T[Bsh tZb tXd/ jB. T[BQK nzdo'A ;fji/ ;fji/ gdkoE dh
geV ns/ fteko ew 'o j[zd/ iKd/ jB ns/ nzs fJj ysw j' e/ ihtB
w[esh dh gdth gqkgs eod/ jB.
Gkos d/ eJh XowK tKr f;Zy ws Gh wzBdk j? fe woB s'A fgS'A
gob'e ftu iht nkswk ft / ftekoK ftu c;e/ ehs/ gkg eowK dk
fj;kp Xow oki dh eufjoh ftu j[zdk j? ns/ gkghnK ; ktK fwbdhnK
jB.
BkBe ihn T[gkfJe? fbfy Bkt? Xow (Xow oki) pjkfbnk..
UE? ;u/ jh ;fu fBpV? u[fD tfy eY/ iiwkfbnk..
EkT[A B gkfJnB e{fVnko w[j ekb? d'ife ukfbnk..
nz r 463

r[owfs ;/XK - 229

gkgh eow ewktd/ eod/ jkfJ jkfJ..

BkBe fiT[ wEfB wkXkDhnk fsT[A wE/ Xqw okfJ.. nzr 1425
BkBe nky? o/ wBk ;[Dhn? f;y ;jh.. (f;Zfynk)
b/yk op wzr/;hnk p?mk efY tjh..
sbpk gT[ ; B nkehnk pkeh fiBk ojh.. (2 (wBw[ Z yK Xow
oki d/ g/ j' D k gt/ r k.)
3H niokJhb co/;sk j';h nkfJ sjh.. (3 w"s dk d{s)
nktD ikD B ;[MJh GhVh rbh cjh.
e{V fBy[N/ BkBek UVfe ;u ojh.. (nzr 953
953))
d{;o/ gk;/ Xowh g[o K dk ;fseko j[zdk j? ns/ Xow oki d/ iwd{s
B/V/ Gh BjhA nk ;edk L
Bkw[ fXnkfJfB ;kiBk iBw[ gdkoE[ ihfs..
BkBe Xow[1 n?;/ ut?2 ehs'B GtB[ g[Bhs.. nzr 1425
(1H Xwkoki, 2H nkydk j?)
tkj[ tkj[ r[of;y fBs eoj[ (tkfjr[o{ wzsq dk ikg)
r[o g{o? tkj[ tkj[ Gkt?..
BkBe tkj[ tkj[ i' wfB fufs eo/,
fs;[ iwezeo[ B/fV B nkt?.. nzr 515
Xow okfJ j? jfo ek ehnk
jfo iB ;/te B/fV Bk nkt?.. nzr 555
555
wBw[fy nkt? wBw[fy ikt?.. wBw[fy fcfo fcfo u'Nk ykt?..
fisB/ Boe ;/ wBw[fy G'r? r[ow[fy b/g[ B wk;k j?.. nz r 1072
nkgD/ wB fgS/ br e/ ozrobhnK wBkT[D tkb/ wBw[ZyK nB/
eK i{Bkf tu GNeDk g?Adk j?.
i/ e' r[o s/ p/w[y j't? fpB[ ;fsr[o w[efs B gkt?..
gkt? w[efs B j'o s? fes? g[Sj[ fpE/ehnk ikfJ..
nB/e i'Bh Gow nkt? fpB[ ;sr[o w[efs Bk gkt?..
fco gkJ/ w[ e fs r[ o bkr uoDh ;fsr[ o pd ;[ D ktJ/ .
ej? BkBe thuko d/yj[ fpB ;fsr[o w[efs B gkt?..
nz r 885

r[owfs ;/XK - 230

r[owfs ;/XK - 231

;{eo1, ;[nkB2, roXG3, wzikok4..

1H ;{no, 2H e[Zsk, 3H rXk, 4H fpZbk
g;{ wb/S Bhu uzvkbk..
r[o s/ w[j c/o/ fsB i'fB GtkJhn?..
pzXB pkfXnk nkJhn? ikJhn?.. nzr 832
f zdrh ftu i' uh fgnkoh j't/, T[j tko tko :kd nkT[Adh j?
ns/ nzs t/b/ Gh gqkDh T[jh uh :kd nkT[Adh j?. fJ; Bh:w nB[;ko i'
pzdk ;koh T[wo g?;k ewkT[D ftu jh yfus fojk, woB t/b/ Gh T[; dh
;[os g?;/ ftu oj/rh, fi; dk gsh, gsBh ns/ pZfunK ftu nzsK dk w'j
j?, nyho t/b/ Gh T[; fJjh e[M :kd nkt/rk. fJ; dk i' cb gqkDh
fwb/rk T[j Grs fsqb'uB ih B/ fJ; soQK dZf;nk j? L
nzfs ekb i' bSwh f;wo? n?;h fuzsk wfj i/ wo?..
;og i'fB tfb tfb nT[so?....
noh pkJh r'fpzd Bkw[ wfs ph;o?.. ojkT[..
nzfs ekb i' fJ;sqh f;wo?..
n?;h fuzsk wfj i/ wo?..
p/;tk i'fB tfb tfb nT[so?....
nzfs ekb i' bfVe/ f;wo? n?;h fuzsk wfj i/ wo?..
;{eo i'fB tfb tfb nT[so?....
nzfsekb i' wzdo f;wo? n?;h fuzsk wfj i/ wo?..
gq/s i'fB tfb tfb nT[so?....
nzfs ekb BkokfJD f;wo? n?;h fuzsk wfj i/ wo?..
pdfs fsqb'uB[ s/ Bo w[esk
ghszpo tk e/ fod/ p;?...5
5 .. nz r 529
noE L
i' gqkDh nzs t/b/ g?;/ dh :kd ftu wo/rk T[; tko tko ;Zg dh
i{B ftu nkT[Dk gt/rk. j/ wkJh w? gow/ o dk Bkw fes/ G[b Bk ikt/
..ojkT[.. i' g[o nzs t/b/ fJ;soh dh :kdftu iK fJ;soh g[o dh :kd
fjod/ ftu b? e/ wo/rk T[j nrb/ iBw ftu t/;tk pDr/h....
fi; gqkDh d/ fjod/ ftu nzs t/b/ pZfunK dh :kd j't/rh, T[;
tko tko ;{no dh i{B G'rDh gt/rh....

nzs t/b/ fi; dh ;[os wekB ftu j't/rh T[j gq/s dh i{B
G'r/rk ....
nzs t/b/ fi; dk fXnkB gow/ o ftu j't/rk Grs fsqb'uB ih
nkyd/ jB, T[j gqkDh wkfJnk s'A w[es j' e/ gow/ o ftu bhB j' ikt/rk
feT[Afe T[;d/ fjod/ ftu gow/ o t;dk j?.
gkme ih! r[opkDh rbs T[gd/ d/ ojh j?< BjhA, ;u/ r[o{ dh
pkDh Gh ;Zuh j? ns/ r[o{ ;kfjp c[owk oj/ jB fe GkJh r[o{ dh pkDh ;Zu
ikDj[ feT[Afe fJj pkDh gow/ o nkg ;kv/ w{zj s'A eYtk fojk j? L
;fsr[o eh pkDh ;fs ;fs efo ikDj[ r[of;yj[
jfo eosk nkfg w[jj[ eYkJ/.. nzr 308
sK s/ i/ s/o/ wB ftu fJZSk j? fe woD fgS'A prkBk p?b B pD/,
;z;ko s'A w[es j' e/ ikt/A ns/ dorkj ftu nkdo wkD fwb/ sK T[dw
Xkoe/ ibdh s'A ibdh ;fsr[o BkBe ;u/ gks kj d/ uoB cV b?. Gkt
nzfwqs Se e/ r[o{ tkbk pD ns/ r[o{ dh ofjs XkoB eo. r[opkDh gVQ,
thuko e/ r[opkDh gVQ ns/ r[opkDh nB[;ko ihtB Ykb e/ iBw ;bk
eo b?. ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp wjkoki dh uko ;" ;kbk r[orZdh fdt; fJj
;Zuh oXKibh ns/ ;b ;/tk j?. e/tb u/sBk wkou ftu ns/ ozr pozr/
bzroK ftu w;s j' e/ ;kok XB ns/ esh popkd Bk eo. ntZb sK ;qh
r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp dk ;zg{oB ;fji gkm eo BjhA sK i/ e/tb ig[ ih ;kfjp
dk gkm jh wB fus bk e/ eoB br ikt/A sK fJj b'e ;yhJ/ gob'e
;[ j / b / . . tkbh r[o y[ hnK dh n;h; dk gkso pD ikt/Ark.
!!!

r[owfs ;/XK - 233

Bkw dko{
;z;ko d/ f;nkfDnK B/ nkfX, fpnkX ns/ T[gkXh tkb/ fszB gqeko
d/ d[Zy iK o'r wzB/ jB. nkX o'r T[j jB i' n;hA g{opb/ eowK nB[;ko X[o'A
fbyk e/ fbnkJ/ jK iK ;k wksk fgsk e'b'A ftok;s ftu fwb/ jB ns/
fi; nZi eZbQ dh ftfdnk nB[;ko hB o'r nkyd/ jB.
fpnkX o'r T[j jB i' r?o e[dosh nwbK d/ ekoB g?dk j[zd/ jB
fijk fe ykD ghD dk gE goj/ Bk eoBk w";w nB[;ko Bk uZbDk fi;
Bkb ;oho o'rh j' iKdk j? ns/ n;hA d[Zy G'rd/ jK.
fJ;/ soQK fe;/ Bkb bVkJh MrVk j'D ekoB iK fe;/ n?e;hv?AN
ns/ ;ZN c/N ekoB g?dk j'J/ d[ZyK iK o'rK T[gkX o'r fejk iKdk j?.
fJBQK o'rK dhnK nbkwsK ;oho s/ fdydhnK jB go sebh wB
wfj;{; j[zdh j?.
fJ; s'A fJbktk e[M fJe wkBf;e o'r jB i/jk fe pbZv gq? o,
{ro, jkJhgo N?B B, fvgo? B nkfd. r[opkDh ftu wB d/ o'rK dk BkT[A,
ekw, eq'X, b'G w'j ns/ njzeko fbfynk j?. fJj o'r pkjo'A fdyd/ BjhA go
fJBQK dk gqGkt wko{ n;o oZydk j?.
gfjbK gfjb, ftdtkB ns/ vkeNo wB d/ fJBQK wko{ o'rK BjhA
wzBd/ ;h go j[D wzBD bZr gJ/ jB. w?vheb ;kfJz; B/ sZs eZY/ jB fe
nkdwh eq'X nkT[D Bkb pbZv gq? o tXdk j?. f nkdk eq'Xh pzd/ dk
jkiwk yokp ofjzdk j?. fJE'A sZe fe w/nd/ dk nb;o iK o;"bh th j' ;edh
j?. wkBf;e o'r, fuzsk, nB/eK phwkohnK iBw fdzdh j?.
nfXe ekwh g[o T[wo s'A gfjbK p[ZYk j' iKdk j?. wB dk fJ; s/
ezNo'b Bk j'D ekoB nZi eZbQ dh bkfJbki phwkoh J/v dk ekoB
pDdk j? ns/ j'o w{so o'r dhnK phwkohnK g?dk eodk j? iK fco pbksekoh
pD e/ i/bQ dh jtk ykdK j? ns/ ;wki ftu pdBkw j[zdk j?.
w'j, b'G ns/ njzeko th ;hwk s'A tZX ikD ekoB nB/eK wkBf;e
o'rK iBw fdzdk j?. ;wki ftu pdBkwh dk ekoB pDdk j?. fJj gzi/
fteko g {, gzShnK ftu Gh jB go T[j e[dos d/ fB:w nB[;ko ;hwk

ftu ofjzd/ jB. go wB[Zy ;[szso j'D ekoB, rohp-nwho, nBgVQ eh

ftdtkB ;G s/ fJj Gko{ jB ns/ r[opkDh B/ d' N[e c?;bk ehsk j?.
i' i' dh;? ;' ;' o'rh..
o'r ofjs w/ok ;fsr[o i'rh.. (nzr 0)
nZ;h gqfs s s'A tZX ;ohoe o'r n;b ftu wkBf;e o'rK d/ ekoB
j[zd/ jB. pzdk okp dk nkdh j'D ekoB r[od/ c/bQ j' iKd/ jB, firo
dhnK phwkohnK j[zdhnK jB. woh vkeNo e'b iKdk j?. vkeNo d[nkJh
Bkb ;oho mhe eo fdzdk j? Bkb jh woh efj fdzdk j? fe okp BjhA
ghDh.
wB s/ ezNo'b Bk j'D ekoB pzdk fco okp ghAdk j?, fco phwko
j[zdk j?, fco vkeNo e'b iKdk vkeNo fco T[jh e[M eodk j?. ;' wkBf;e
o'rh j'D ekoB ;oho o'rh j[zdk j?. gziK fteko nXhB wB o'rh j[zdk j?, fi;
dk vkeNo e'b e'Jh fJbki BjhA j?. go ;fsr[o{ dh oB ftu nkfJnK jh
pzdk wB d/ o'rK s'A w[es j' ;edk j?.
;fsr[o{ g{ok t?d[ j? gzi/ o'r n;kX fBtko?.. (GkHr[H tkH )
ns/ ;fsr[o{ ih nkgD/ f;y T[gd/; fdzd/ jB
efo fJ;BkB[ f;wfo gqG[ ngBk
wfB sfB GJ/ no'rk.. (nzr )

bbk bktT[ ntyX ikj{..

d[y dod fsj fwNfj fyBkj{..
Bkw nT[yX fij fod? fjskt?..
skfj o'r ;[gB? BjhA nkt?..
jfo nT[yX ;G xN j? GkJh..
r[o g{o/ fpB[ fpfX Bk pDkJh..
r[o g{o/ ;ziw[ efo dhnk..
BkBe sT[ fcfo d{y B Ehnk.. (nzr 259)
noE L bZbk nZyo dh T[EkBek Bkb r[o{ ;kfjp dZ; oj/ jB fe
fi; (Bkw o{gh) d[nkJh bZr ikt/, T[;/ d/ ;ko/ d[Zy ns/ dod T[;/ t/b/
fwN iKd/ jB. fi; d/ wB Bkw o{gh d[nkJh Gkn rJh iK wB ftu t;
rJh T[; ;[gB/ ftu th o'r BjhA nkT[Adk. j/ GkJh fJj Bkw o{gh dko{ ;G
d/ fjod/ ftu j[zdh j? go g{o/ r[o{ dh dZ;h fpXh tr?o rZb pDdh BjhA. id

r[owfs ;/XK - 234

r[owfs ;/XK - 235

g{o/ r[o{ B/ dtkJh d/ Bkb gqj/ Gh fdZsk j? ns/ fi; B/ Gh r[o{ dh wZs
nB[;ko dtkJh yk e/ goj/ oZfynk j? T[; fco e'Jh d[Zy BjhA brdk.
fJ; soQK d/ nB/eK j'o r[o c[owkBK s'A f;ZX j' iKdk j? fe r[opkDh
ns/ Bkw dko{ Bkb ;G o'r ns/ d[Zy ysw j' iKd/ jB. j[D fJ; dh g[ Nh
bJh n;hA gkmeK dh frnks bJh e[M T[dkjoDK d/ oj/ jK sK i' r[o{
;kfjp d/ puBK s/ ft tk; nk ikt/. n;hA T[dkjoD Gh fe;/ ;zs dhnK
BjhA pbfe gqfs N ;z;koh ftneshnK dhnK d/ oj/ jK fiBQK d/ mhe j'D
Bkb b'eK dk r[o{pkDh ftu ft tk; tfXnk j?.
1H GkJh ekbQk f;zx fBjzr rZvh okjhA j {o ;kfjp ik fojk ;h. o;s/
ftu gkDh b?D T[sfonk sK rZvh uZb gJh. ibdh ftu fijVk vZpk
;kjwD/ nkfJnk T[; ftu uVQ frnk. T[; vZp/ ftu d' gmkD ns/ fJe
p[oe/ tkbh n"os p?m/ ;B T[BQK e'b jh f;zx ih p?m rJ/. E'VQh d/o fgS'A ;N/
B nkT[D s/ d't/A gmkD gkDh bJh T[Zso/ sK p[oe/ tkbh n"os B/ nkgDk
g?o f;zx ih d/ g?o Bkb S[jkfJnk. GkJh ekbQk f;zx ;ktXkB j' frnk.
E'VQh d/o fgS'A T[; phph B/ fco nkgDk g?o wkfonk. ekbQk f;zx B/ g?o fgS/
eoe/ T[; ;[u/s j'D bJh fejk. id sh;oh tko T[; B/ g?o wkfonk
ekbQk f;zx e[M rVpV B o nkJh. id T[; B/ T[; n"os dk p[oek
u[Zfenk sK d/fynk fe phph dk w{zj eZgVk s[zB e/ pzd ehsk j'fJnk j? ns/
jZE fgS/ eoe/ pzBQ/ j'J/ jB. w{zj ftu'A eZgVk eZYD s/ T[; phph B/ o' o' e/
dZf;nk fe fet/A fJBQK pdwk K B/ T[; dk ;s Gzr ehsk j? ns/ nrtk
eoe/ fes/ fbik oj/ jB.
fJzB/ d't/A gmkD Gh nk rJ/ ns/ T[BQK B/ nkT[Ad/ jh ekbQk f;zx s/
S[o/ Bkb tko eo fdZsk. ekbQk f;zx B/ tko puk e/ GotK tko ehsk s/
tkoh tkoh d't/A gmkD wko fdZs/. fJzB/ ;N/ B nk frnk ;tkohnk j'o
uVQ rJhnK esb dk o"bk g? frnk ns/ ekbQk f;zx g[fb; d/ jtkb/ j'
frnk.
g[fb; e/; uZfbnk ns/ ekbQk f;zx T[wo e?d j' rJh. pkjo
dhnK i/bQK ftu ofj e/ nyho T[; nzpkb/ i/bQ ftu G/i fdZsk frnk.
1972 ftu gzikph ;{p/ d/ w'ou/ nXhB nZi eZbQ d/ jfonkD/ d/
nekbh bhvo eosko f;zx NZeo ns/ ;[oihs f;zx poBkbk tKr j'o eJh
nekbh bhvo th nzpkb/ i/bQ ftu ;B. fJBQK B/ GkJh ekbQk f;zx dh

ejkDh ;[D e/ pkeh ; k w[nkh bJh ok Nogsh nghb eotk fdZsh.

nekbh bhvoK d/ T[dw ;dek fojkJh d/ j[ew nkT[D s'A gfjbK jh
ekbQk f;zx nXozr dk d"ok g? frnk ns/ ;oho fBZ;b j' frnk. id
fojkJh dk je[w nk frnk i/bQ tkb/ efjD pkpk ih s[;hA nkgD/ xo
ikT[ pkpk ej/ w?A iktK feE/, Bk w/ok e'Jh nZr/ Bk fgZS/.
pkp/ B/ fBok sk dh jkbs ftu fJe wB fuZs j' e/ r[o{ uoBK ftu
nodk; ehsh ;u/ gks kj nip s/oh y/v j?. id mhe szdo[;s ;h, sK i/
bQ ftu, i/ j[D fojkJh j'Jh j? sK ;oho fBZ;b. j[D w?A feE/ iktK, w? e"D
;zGkb{ s{z nkg jh pj[Vh eo, e'Jh o;sk dZ;.
GkDk eosko dk oks ;[gB/ ftu d;w/ fgsk d/ do B j'J/ ns/
fejk f;zxk xkpo Bk, ;qh nzfwqs;o ih ik e/ fJ BkB eo ;G mhe j't/rk.
nrb/ fdB fco i/bQ eowukoh nkJ/ ns/ nkyD bZr/ pkpk ih fojkJh d/
j[ew fgS'A n;hA s[jk i/bQ ftu BjhA oZy ;ed/. ekbQk f;zx B/ p/Bsh ehsh
feogk eo e/ w? nzfwqs;o dh rZvh ftu fpmk d/t'. g[fb; tkfbnK B/ wzB
e/ rZvh ftu fpmk fdZsk ns/ GkJh ekbQk f;zx ;qh nzfwqs;o g[Zi frnk.
T[E/ Gh r[o{ B/ fe;/ d/ wB fwjo gkJh ns/ GkJh ekbQk f;zx dopko
;kfjp gj[zu frnk. r[o{ d/ uoBK dk fXnkB Xo e/ p; fJe' v[peh ;o'to
ftu bkJh ns/ oiBh d/ gsh tKr fpbe[b B"- po-B" j' e/ pkjo fBefbnk.
GkJh ekbQk f;zx B/ pkjo nk e/ i?ekok SZfvnk Bw;eko ehsh goeowk
eoe/ dopko ;kfjp wZEk N/fenk. fco nekb sys ;kfjp s/ ;i/ dhtkB
ftu nkgDh ftfEnk ;[DkJh dhtkB ftu i?eko SZv/ rJ/ ns/ GkJh ekbQk
f;zx ib{; d/ eb ftu goeowk ftu c/fonk frnk.
2H phph hbk ih L
seohpB gZuh shj ;kb dh rZb j? jfonkD/ d/ izw gb ezto w /
o f;zx i' fe T[; t/b/ gzikp g[fb; ftu g[fb; ioB?b ;B, dh gsBh phph
hbk ih e'jV o'r j' frnk. fJ; dk n;o f nkdk jZEK s/ j'fJnk fi;
eoe/ nkgDh ;ohoe feqnk ;kXD s'A fJbktk phph hbk ih nkgD/ d'js/,
g's/ u[Ze e/ fgnko eoB s'A Gh n;woZE ;h. jo gqeko d/ vkeNoh fJbki
eotkJ/ rJ/ go e'Jh coe Bk fgnk.
;odko tXktk f;zx i' T[; t/b/ Gk k ftGkr ftu T[u gdth s/
;h, dk ezto w /o f;zx ih Bkb nZSk fwbtosD ;h, B/ ioB?b ;kfjp

r[owfs ;/XK - 236

r[owfs ;/XK - 237

;bkj fdZsh fe s[;hA phph ih r[o{;o ;Xko GkJh /o f;zx e'b b? ikU,
T[j pj[s Bkw dh ewkJh tkb/ r[of;Zy jB i/ feqgk j' rJh sK phph ih mhe
j' iDr/.
fJbke/ d/ EkD/dko okjhA GkJh ;kfjp dk gsk eoe/ ioB?b ;kfjp
phph hbk eko ftu fpmk e/ fwbD bJh s[o gJ/. fgzv d/ pkjo tko fJe
feqgkB Xkoh r[of;Zy ;kJheb s/ vzroK tk;s/ gZm/ fbik fojk ;h. T[; s'A
ioB?b ;kfjp B/ GkJh /o d/ xo pko/ g[ZfSnk T[Zso ftu T[; B/ efjnk
w/o/ fgS/ fgS/ s[oh nkt'.
xo gj[zu e/ r[of;Zy B/ ;kJheb s'A gZm/ T[sko e/ ioB?b ;kfjp s'A
g[ZfSnk dZ;'! eh ezw j?< ioB?b ;kfjp B/ fco fejk fe n;hA GkJh /o f;zx
ih fwbDk j?. T[Zso fwfbnk w?A jh /o f;zx jK ezw dZ;'. ;[D e/ ioB?b
;kfjp ;[zB j' rJ/ fe fJj fej' fijk f;Zy j?. T[BQK d/ fynkb ftu e'Jh bzw/
u'b/ r'b gZr tkbk jZE ftu bzwh tkbk e'Jh pkpk x[zw fojk ;h go fJE/
rZb j'o jh j?.
ioB?b ;kfjp B/ nkgDk nkg ;zGkbfdnK nkgD/ nkT[D dk go:'iB
dZf;nk ns/ phph hbk ih dh fpwkoh pko/ p/Bsh ehsh. GkJh ;kfjp B/
T[so fdZsk gfjbK nkgDk ykB gkB mhe eo' fco nkT[Dk. feT[Afe T[;
;w/A ;kok gfotko whN okp dk nkdh ;h.
nkgDh b'V bJh ykDk ghD mhe eo e/ ioB?b ;kfjp fco jk o
j'J/ sK GkJh ;kfjp efjD bZr/ r[o{ BkBe d/ xo ftu ;G' poesK jB,
r[opkDh gVQB ;[DB Bkb ;G d[Zy d{o j[zd/ jB. phph ih ej' gzi
pkDhnK d/ gkm Bkb ;s/ pbtzv dh tko dk gkm ftuko e/ nkg eoB iK
fe;/ s'A ;[DB r[o{ wjkoki o{o feqgk eoBr/.
ioB?b ;kfjp dk ;kok gfotko gzikph e/tb ;wM ;edk ;h pkeh
;G ezw nzro/ h iK fjzdh ftu j[zdk ;h. ;' ioB?b ;kfjp B/ nkgD/ dso
d/ ;/tkdko ;kX{ f;zx g[ZfSnk fe dso ftu e'Jh r[of;Zy j? i' r[opkDh
dk gkm noEK Bkb eo ;edk j't/. ;kX{ f;zx B/ frnkBh jopz; f;zx, i'
T[; t/b/ uzvhrVQ g[fb; d/ wfjew/ ftu nkf; ;[gov?AN ;h dk BkT[A dZ;
fdZsk. gkmeK d/ frnks bJh dZ;Dk o{oh j? fe fJj T[j' frnkBh jopz;
f;zx ih ;B fiBQK B/ ;w[Zu/ ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp dk s[bBksfwe nfXn?B
fBoD? tkbk, u"dK fibdk ftu ;Nhe fsnko ehsk j? ns/ nZi eZbQ

gfNnkbk 17 J/ v'roK tkb/ w[jZb/ r[od[nkok do Bh dopko e'b ofj oj/

jB.
ioB?b ;kfjp dh p/Bsh gqtkB eoe/ frnkBh ih B/ noEK ;fjs
gkm eoB dh fvT{Nh ;zGkb bJh ns/ jo o' dso'A ftjb/ j' e/ e'mh ik
e/ gkm ;[DkT[D bZr gJ/. fiT[A fiT[A gkm ;[Dd/ rJ/ o'r xNdk frnk.
nyho r[o{ wjkoki dh feqgk ;dek phph hbk ih fpbe[b szdo[s; j' e/
fco GkJh /o f;zx ih dh jk oh ftu gj[zu/. GkJh ;kfjp B/ j {o ;kfjp
do B eoB ns/ nyzv gkm ;[DB dk nkd/ fdZsk. ioB?b ;kfjp ns/
phph hbk ih B/ nkfrnk gkbD eoB fgS', nkgDh e'mh ftu jh ;qh r[o{
rqzE ;kfjp dk gqek eo fbnk ns/ fBsB/w Bkb gkm eoBk [o{ eo
fdZsk. fJj j? gqsZy gko; ebk pkDh dh. gkmeK dh frnks bJh dZ;Dk
o{oh j? fe fJj ;koh tkosk frnkBh ih B/ nkgD/ ;Nhe ftu okwebh
okr ftu ;Zs/ pbtzv dh tko d/ noEK bJh T[EkBek ftu fbyh j?.
3H ;qH jofdnkb f;zx ih nkJhH J/H n?;H L
;odko ;kfjp gfNnkb/ vhH ;hH bZr/ j'J/ ;B fe phwko j' rJ/.
phwkoh Gh n?;h fe fe;/ d/ ;wM Bk gt/. gfNnkb/ ;ko/ vkeNoK s'A fJbki
eotkfJnk go nkokw nkT[D dh pikfJ phwkoh tXdh rJh. fJ;/ ;w/A T[j
soZeh b? e/ j?bE ;?eNoh pD rJ/. ghH ihH nkJhH d/ ;ko/ vkeNo T[BQK d/
nXhB j' rJ/. ghH ihH nkJhH ns/ fdZbh d/ J/H nkJhH n?wH n?;H d/ ;ko/
fJbki p/n;o oj/.
fJe fdB e'mh d/ bknB ftu e[o;h s/ p?m/ ;B T[BQK dh gsBh B/
r[Nek b? e/ ;[ywBh ;kfjp dk gkm ehsk. gkm ;[D e/ ;odko ;kfjp
e[M mzY wfj;{; j'Jh. fJe j'o gkm ;[DB s/ j'o ;[y gqkgs j'fJnk. fJ;
fgS'A T[BQK B/ nkg thuko e/ gkm nkozG ehsk. gkm eod/ eod/ id/
;odko ;kfjp B/ r[opkDh dhnK fJj gzrshnK gVQhnK L
;op o'r ek nT[yX[ Bkw[..
efbnkD o{g wzrb r[D rkw.. (;[ywBh ;kfjp)
ntfo T[gkt ;fG fsnkfrnk
dko{ Bkw[ bfJnk..
skg gkg ;fG fwN/ o'r
;hsb wB[ GfJnk....

r[owfs ;/XK - 238

r[o g{ok nokfXnk ;rbk d[y[ rfJnk..

okyB jko? okfynk nkgBh
eo wfJnk.... ojkT[.. (nzr 817
817))
x'o d[y ~ nfBe jsz~
iBw dkfodqz wjk fpyQkd:z
fwNzs ;rb f;wfozs jfo Bkw BkBe
i?;/ gkte ek;N G;wz eo'fs.. (nzr 1355
1355))
noE L pzd/ x'o d[y j'D, nB/eK y{B gkg ehs/ j'D, iBw s'A
rohph j't/ ns/ j'o nB/eK g[nkV/ gJ/ j'D, efj oj/ jB r[o{ BkBe dh
gzith i'fs fe ;ko/ jh fwN iKd/ jB jfo dk Bkw f;woB Bkb, fi; soQK
bZeVK d/ pj[s tZv/ Gko nZr dh E'VQh fijh u[nksh ;kV e/ ;[nkj eo
fdzdh j?.
;odko ;kfjp ft tk; j' frnk fe r[o{ ;kfjp M{m BjhA p'b
;ed/ i/ fJj fbfynk j? sK fJj :ehBB mhe j?. fJ; bJh fB;u/ Bkb fJe
wB fus j' e/ tkfjr[o{ wzsq dk ikg eoB bZr gJ/. ikg eoB Bkb e[M
fdBK ftu fpbe[b mhe j' rJ/. ;ko/ vkeNo j?okB j' rJ/.
1984 fgS'A foNkfJo j' e/ ;odko ;kfjp B/ ;op o'r ek nkT[yX
Bkw dh ;z;Ek pDkJh j?. d/ ftd/ ftu irQk irQk js/ dk e?Ag
brkT[Ad/ jB. r[opkDh d/ pdK dk fJe ;?N pDkfJnk j? fJBQK pdK dk
brksko T[uh T[uh gkm eotkT[Ad/ jB ns/ tkfjr[o{ wzsq dk ikg eokT[Ad/
jB fi; Bkb nB/eK n;kX o'r tkb/ woh mhe j'J/ jB. ;op o'r ek
nT[yX Bkw dk w?r hB Gh fBebdk j?. pdK d/ ;?N dhnK e?;/N ns/ ;hH
vh th fwbdhnK jB.
;qH XzBk f;zx ih L
;qH XzBk f;zx ih dh w[Ybh ftfdnk f;Zyh wkj"b ftu j'Jh fco
ykb;k ekbi nzfwqs;o dh gVQkJh t/b/ r[opkDh gkm, f;Zy fJfsjk; dh
ikDekoh fwbD Bkb f;Zyh oXk ftu gqgZesk j' rJh. nkg gfNnkbk
fonk;s ftu o?tfBT{ efw Bo pD rJ/. fonk;sK N[ZND fgS'A fJj, gzikp
dhnK ;Zs fonk;sK fwb e/ pD/ g?g;{ ftu fJe' fJe o?tfBT{ efw Bo pD
rJ/ ns/ 1954 ftu foNkfJo j' rJ/.
foNkfJow?AN fgS'A fBZih fBsB/w s'A fJbktk jo o' r[H d{yfBtkoB

r[owfs ;/XK - 239

;kfjp ik e/ eEk ehosB ;otB eod/ ;B. foNkfJow?AN d/ seohpB uko

gzi ;kb fgS'A fJBQK dh Xow gsBh ;odh bZrD Bkb ; s phwko j' rJh.
;ko/ vkeNoK s'A fJbki eotkfJnk go e'Jh coe Bk fgnk. nyho r[o{ dh
oB bJh ns/ xo ftu ;fji gkm nkozG eoe/ ;[DB ns/ nodk; nkozG
eo fdZsh, Bkb dtkJh th ubdh ojh. brksko uko gzi ;fji gkm
;[DB fgS'A fJBQK dh Xow gsBh fpbe[b mhe j' rJh i' fe gfjbK s[oB
fcoB s'A n;woE ;h.
fJ; fgS'A ;odko ;kfjp B/ ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp dh pkDh dk v{zxk
nfXn?B eoe/ ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp dh pkDh dk [ZX T[ukoB dh feskp
fbyh i' fe fgzrbtkVk gq?; s'A Sgh ns/ nZi eZbQ fgzrbtkVk dhnK
;NkbK s'A w[s fwbdh j?.
fJ;/ soQK 2003 ftu r[ioks tk;h ;qh tk;{ Gkodtki i' fe
jZvhnK d/ e?A;o s'A ghVs ns/ woB feBko/ ;h jfowzdo ;kfjp ik e/
r[opkDh dk gkm ;[DB Bkb fJe dw mhe j' frnk. ;ko/ n pkoK ftu
po Sgh fJ; pko/ T[; B/ nkg NhH thH s/ nk e/ eJh tko nkgDh jZvphsh
;[DkJh j? ns/ vhH thH vhH, ;hH vhH Gh fwbdh j?. fJj rZbK gVQ ;[D e/ r[o{
e/ oXktkB f;Zy sK r[o{ dh tfvnkJh ;[D e/ y[ j[zd/ jB go ftfrnkBe
;' u goBkJ/ , soe hb ns/ fw Boh ekbi tkfbnK fJj rZbK
nzXft tk; ns/ w{oysk brdhnK jB ns/ gquko oj/ jB fe Gkodtki
g?;/ d/ e/ T[; s/ ejkfJnk ik fojk j?. r[o{ pkDh dZ; ojh j?.
gow/ o s' A G[ f bnK ftnkgfB ;G/ o' r .. nz r
y;w[ ft;ko ehJ/ o; G'r..
sK sfB T[fm yb'J/ o'r..
rZb ;k j? fe gow/ o G[Zb e/ ;ko/ o'r brd/ jB sK fco fB;u?
Bkb efj ;ed/ jK fe gow/ o :kd eoB Bkb ;G d[y ns/ o'r d{o j'
iKd/ jB. ;fsr[o{ ih ;G ;[wZs py D.
!!!

r[owfs ;/XK - 241

r[owfs Bkw[
Bkw oz r
;z;ko ftu ;[y Ksh toskT[D ns/ wB[ZZy nksfwe T[Bsh
dhnK f;yoK S'jD bJh, gow/ o d/ j[ew nzdo nkJ/ ;ko/ wjKg[o K B/
nkgD/-nkgD/ sohe/ Bkb wB[Zysk B{z ihtB iKu ngBkT[D dk T[gd/
fdZsk.
feq B ih B/ noiB fdZs/ rhsk d/ T[gd/ d[nkok b[ekJh
frnkB wkor ngBkT[D dk T[gd/ fdZsk. fJ; okjhA pzd/ fJj frnkB
fwbdk j? fe w?A eh jK, wB eh j?, nkswk eh j?, gowkswk eh j?, wkfJnk
eh j? fJfsnkfd. fJ; frnkB okjhA noiB B{z GoktK ns/ e[br[o{ Bkb
bVB bJh fsnko ehsk ;h .
wjkswk p[ZX ih B/ nkgD/ gzu hb d/ nkXko s/ eow wkor dk
T[gd/ fdZsk. T[BQK nB[;ko [G eow eoB/, fe;/ dk p[ok Bk eoBk, fe;/
dk fdb Bk d[ykT[D tor/ eow eoB Bkb jh iht dk efbnkD j' ;edk
j? ns/ ;[y ksh gqkgs j' ;edh j? . gowkswk dh j'Ad pko/ p[ZX ih u[Zg jB.
i?B ws d/ ;zukbe wjKtho ih nB[;ko ihtB ftu ;ziw XkoB
eo e/ nfjz;k d/ wkor s/ ubDk jh ;G s'A ;q/ m wkor j?.
i'r ws nB[;ko nkgDhnK wB fposhnK fBo[ZX eB bJh,
Bhsh p;sh, X'sh, gqkDk:kw ns/ :'r nk;DK okjhA jh gow gd dh gqkgsh
j' ;edh j?.
;qh r[o{ BkBe d/t wjkoki B/ ihtB ;cbk eoB bJh wB[Zysk
go/wk Grsh d/ wkor s/ gkfJnk . T[BQK dh ;'u nB[;ko ;ko// [G r[D ns/
;G tfvnkJhnK dk wkbe nkg gow/ o j?. fJ; bJh i' Gh gow/ o ih
Bkb wB' sB' fB ekwsk Bkb fgnko eo/rk, T[; ftu, fBoG?sk, fBot?osk,
e'wbsk, dfJnk ns/ goT[gekosk tkb/ [G r[D ;fji/ jh fjod/ ftu nk
ikDr/. fi; soQK b'j/ dk N[eVk, weBksh; Bkb brd/ ;ko jh u[zpe tkb/
;ko/ r[D XkoB eo b?Adk j?.
nDfd;d/ gow/ o Bkb ;kvk fgnko fe; soQK gt/, fJ; pko/

ig[ih ;kfjp ftu r[o{ ;kfjp [d jh gq B eo e/ nkg jh T[ Zso fdzd/ jB L

gq BL c/o fe nr/ oyhn? fis[ fd;? dopko[..
w[j'A fe p'bD p'bhn? fis[ ;[fD Xo/ fgnko[..
T[Zso nzfwqs t/bk ;u[ BkT[ tfvnkJh thuko[..
rqfj;Eh ihtB tb/ ihtK d/ efbnkD bJh ubkJ/ fJ; gzE ;qh
r[o{ ih B/ ;zy/g o{g ftu toDB ehsk.
r[ow[fy Bkw[ dkB[ fJ;BkB[..
d{;o/ bc K ftu fJ; fejk iKdk j? fe Xow dh feos eoBh,
Bkw igDk ns/ tzv SeDk. go r[o{ ;kfjp B/ gq/wk Grsh d/ w[Zy nzr Bkw
igD goXkBsk fdZsh j?. r[o{ ;kfjp d/ t/b/ ns/ r[[o{ ;kfjp s'A fgS'A p/
nzs r[o{ e/ f;ZyK B/ Bkw dk gZbk cV e/ ihtB ;cbk ehsk j?.
thjthA ;dh ftu ;qhwkB, gdw G{ B, vkeNo GkJh tho f;zx ih
gzE d/ wjkB ftdtkB, ;zs eth, f;yh fcbk;ch d/ Xo[zXo frnksk ns/
nkX[fBe gzikph d/ fBowksk wzB/ rJ/ jB. ftdtkBK bJh T[j vkeNo ;B
;oeko/ dopko gdw G{ B Bkb ;fseko/ rJ/ go r[o{ d/ f;ZyK bJh T[j
GkJh tho f;zx ih ;B ns/ T[j GkJh ejk e/ jh y[ j[zd/ ;h.
ykb;k oki dh ;wkgsh ns/ e{ek bfjo d/ wZXw g? ikD Bkb
ns/ Jh;kJhns iK nkohnk ;wkihnK d/ gquko ekoB id nkw f;ZyK dh
wkBf;esk YfjzdhnK ebK ftu ik ojh ;h sK GkJh ;kfjp dh ebw B/
;[zdoh ns/ fpi? f;zx torhnK ouBk eoe/, okDk ;{os f;zx i?;/ wjK ekft
okjhA f;yh cb;c/ ns/ f;yh r"ot f;Zy wBK ftu ;[oihs ehsk. fJ;/
soQK ;koh T[wo r[o fJfsjk; ns/ r[o{ pkDh d/ Nhe/ eoe/ gzE dh wjkB ;/tk
ehsh.
GkJh ;kfjp B/, r[o{ ;kfjp d/ py / Bkw nkgDh ihtB ftu
ngDk e/, fi; soQK nkswe T[Bsh dh f;yoK S'fjnK, Bkw ozr wkfDnk,
i' i' n"eVK fJ; wkor s/ nkT[AdhnK jB, gko ehsk, T[j GkJh ;kfjp
B/ EK EK nkgDhnK ouBktK ftu doi ehshnK jB. i' fe ifrnk;{nK
bJh wkor do e dk ezw eodhnK jB.
GkJh tho f;zx ;kfjs ;dB tb'A gqek s GkJh ;kfjp dh ouBk
r[ow[y f;fynk ftu'A n;hA fJ; d/ e[ZM nzr gkmeK bJh G/N eod/ jK sK i'
fJ; wkor d/ gKXh GkJh ;kfjp d/ fBZih s op/ s'A bkjk b? e/ ihtB ;cbk

r[owfs ;/XK - 242

r[owfs ;/XK - 243

eo ;eDk. Bkb jh Bt/A ifrnk;{nK Gh fJ; wkor s/ uZbD bJh ukT[

g/dk eoB ftu wdd Gh fwb/rh.
Bkw ig[ s/ f;woB
u"E/ ;fsr[o{ ih B/ c[owkfJnk j? fe ;fsr[o{ BkBe d/t ih dk i'
f;Zy nytkT[Adk j? T[j Gbe/ T[fm jfo Bkw[ fXnkt? ;' uzrh BhAd eo
u[ZeD T[gozs fi; t/b/ ;fji/ nZXh oks wro'A ikr y[ZbQ/ f;Zy fBih s"o s/
fp;so/ s'A T[m e/ p?m ikJ/ s/ fust/ fe tkfjr[o{ j? < ;kv/ Bkb j?, T[j ;G
d/ nzdo p?mk j?. sK s/ w/o/ nzdo ph e'N pqfjwzv d/ ;[nkwh ih fpoki oj/ jB.
w? BjhA fdZ;d/, w/o/ wB dk h k w?bk j?. G[Zb dh w?b brh j?, fJ; :kd
Bkb X'tK. fyB fyB G[Zb fojk jK, j[D fyB fyB :kd eoK fgnko/ ;KJh
tkiK wkoK, tkfjr[o{, tkfjr[o{, tkfjr[o{.
fJT[A fJe wB j' e/ ;KJh jk o Bk o ikD e/ tkfjr[o{ tkfjr[o{
e{eh rJ/. wB dk ;[Gkt j? rkcb j'Dk, tfjDhA g?Dk. id t/fynk wB
nkgD/ t/rK ftu fsbe frnk j? T[; o'e e/ c/o br gJ/. i/ p?fmnk nZy
br ikt/ sd ehj, id nZy y[ZbQh c/o :kd dh bVh ;zGkb bJh. fJT[A
;fji/ ;fji/ o;Bk fjbdh oj/, s/ tkfjr[o{ tkfjr[o{ igdh oj/L
HHH o;Bk jfo o;[ ghi? okw..
o;Bk jfo o;[ ghi? nzso[ ehi? ;ku ;pfd phukoh[
nzsfo y{jNk nzfwqfs Gfonk ;pd/ ekfY ghn? gfBjkoh..
(tvjz; wjbk 3 , Szs 5 )
fJ BkB
T[go dZ;/ tkfjr[o{ ih d/ f;de oXk ftu fGZi e/ Bkw igD
Bkb sB, p[ZXh s/ nkswk ;tZS j' iKd/ jB. fBowb nkswk w?bk ;oho
s/ w?b/ egV/ uzr/ BjhA brd/ ;' ;ohoe ftt;Ek nB[;ko mzY/ nEtk row
ib Bkb ;oho d/ ;fj ;eD tkb/ ;w/A fJ BkBk ehsk. feT[Afe ;ohoe
fJ BkB go fiE/ fBowbsk nkT[Adh j? T[ E/ nzdobh ;fsnk Gh you j[zdh
j?.
r[o{ ih B/ f;Zyh ftu ;oho dk fJ BkB Bkw igD dh ;jkfJsk
bJh dZf;nk j? Bk fe tfjw tkbk jm Bkb eoB tkbk eow. ;oho wzB/
Bk wzB/ go gkDh tjkT[D d/ jm tkb/ fJ Bkb r[o{ ih B/ wBQK ehs/ jBL
fJfe gkbk eeo[ Gz f B hsb[ ib j/ A tjh..

noEks eJh fJe gkb/ ftu jm Bkb skbkp nkfd go izwh

eZeoh GzB e/ T[; d/ mzY/ ib Bkb (m[o{ m[o{ eod/) fJ BkB eod/ jB. go
Bkw fpBK ;G fB;cb j?. sB sK ;[nkj j' e/ fJE/ jh ofj ikJ/rk.
J//;/ gT[Vh d/ nzs ftu dZf;nk j? ftD[ Bkt? sB[ Sko[ fenk efj o'tjh..
;'jfB y;w d[nkfo fi ;fsr[o ;/tjh.
(tko wbko wjbk -)
;' eoB i'r w[Zy eow j?, Bkw igDk s/ fJj j? dks ;fsr[oK dh.
;' nkgDh wfs fsnkr e/ ;fsr[o{ ih dh T[Zib wfs XkoB eohJ/ sK i'
dorkj ftu nkdo dk EkT[A fwb/ftfu d[BhnK ;/t ewkJhn?..
sk dorrj p?;D[ gkJhn?.. (f;oh okr wjbk -)
f;woB dk wzst oZp ih Bkb fgnko gkT[Dk s/ nkgd/ nkg
;kJhA Bkb fJefwe eoBk j?. f;oc wkbk c/oBk jh wzst ;wM b?Dk w[odk
;kXB j?. ehosB Bkb fgnko gkT[D ftu ehosB ;jkJh j[zdk j? fi; soQK
beVh beVh ftu ;o/ i'Vdh j? fst/A nkswk dk gowkswk Bkb i'V gq/
w Bkb j[zdk j?.
wB fBowb eoBk pVk o{oh j?. id wB fBowb j' frnk, fco
gkS/ bkr' jfo fco/ ejs epho epho@
tkbh d K j' iKdh j?. id c[Zb ftu y[ p{ tZ; iKdh j?, G"o/ nkg
jh T[; d/ frod nk iKd/ jBL n;b uh wB dk fBowkD j'Dk j?. pkeh i'
b'r do BK i'sK nkfd d/ G[bkt/ fdzd/ jB, Uj G{s y/vK jB.
;fsr[o[ BkBe d/t ih ;ohoe nkeko ftu eoe/ do B eoB
dh pikJ/ nkg T[ Zu/ T[m'. ;fsr[o BkBe d/t ih d/ nkrwB tk;s/ gfjbK
;kv/ fjod/ d/ [ZX j'D dh o{os j?, rzd/ xo ftu e'Jh fjB kj fet/A nk
;edk j?< n;bh uh Bkw f;woB j?. nkw b'e fJ; wkw{bh rb ;wMe/
rj[ BjhA eod/ s/ e'Jh :'r d/ ;kXB eoB br iKd/ jB. d;w dtko dk
y[ZbDk iK e[zvbh dk ;[bMDk, fJj r[of;yh ftu Bkw f;woB Bkb ;fji/
jh j' iKd/ jB.
f;woB eoB tkb/ nkgDh w j{oh, wk:k dh ukj s/ eowksK s'A
T[ Zs/ T[mDk ukjhd?. fJj uh K fJ; o;s/ dhnK o[ektNK jB. oZp ih nZr/

r[owfs ;/XK - 244

r[owfs ;/XK - 245

nkgD/ nkg w[ezwb ;wogD eo fdU. c/o T[j fpbh d/ pb{zrV/ tKC{z
;kvh nkg jh ;zGkb eo/rk.
o" Bh d/yDh :k r[o{ ;kfjpkB dhnK ;{osK ;wkXh bk e/ d/yDhnK
fw;wo/ w :k G{s ftZfdnk eokwksh esh th oZydk j? sK T[; dh e'Jh
ehws BjhA. n;b uh eb/i/ ftu mzY tosDk j?. f;woB Bkb ;[GkT[
pdbdk j?
dh;s wk;[ B ykfJ fpbkJh..
wjk e;kfp S[oh ;fN gkJh..@ (okwebh wjkbk 5-50)
okw B/ fJe nfjZfbnk sg Dh skfonK ;h, i' nkgDh/ gsh
r"sw fo h d/ okg Bkb f;b (gZEo) j' rJh ;h, go okw Bkw B/ nDfrDs
pzfdnK skfonk j?. r[;KJh s[b;h dk; ih efjzd/ jBL
ejT[ ejK br Bkw pvkJh..
okw B ;e? Bkw r[D rkJh.. (s[b;h okwkfJD)
Bkw o;Bk Bkb igDk ukjhdk j?. ;ohoe wzvb ftu oj/ fXnkB
fe;/ ;ohoe feqnk Bkb jh u[ehdk j?. T[j j? ihG Bkb igDk. ihG
Bkb ifgnk fJj c/o nkg/ jh j/mK bfj iKdk j?, c/o gqkDK ftu tZ; iKdk
j?. fit/A fvT{VQh ftu oZy/ dhge Bkb d't/A gk;h ukBDk j[zdk j?, ihG Bkb
Bkw igD Bkb d't/A nzdo pkjo ukBD j' iKd/ jB. thuko s/ f;woB d't/
A o{ o h jB.
f;woB ftu skes j?. i/ eq'Xh eo/rk sK eq'X tXk bt/rk. fJ;
tk;s/ jo c[oB/ s/ jo ezw thukoBk th o{oh j?. f;woB th fts'A tZX
BjhA eoBk. jT[w?A wko e/ r[opkDh dh o" Bh j/m r[ow[y d/ dZ;/ okj s/
uZbD dh b'V j?.
gfjbK f;woB w?b eZNdk j?. c/o fBowb wB ftu f;woB Bkb
tkfjr[o{ dk tk; j[zdk j?. E'Vk E'Vk o' f;woB eoB Bkb fJj brksko
fbt pD iKdh j?. s/ ;Zu ftu b? iKdk j?. ;fsr[oK B/ f;Zy y[v d/ u{j/ BjhA
pDkJ/, i' gjkVK dhnK y[zdoK ftu tV e/ ;wkXhnK bk p?mD. n;K B/
frq;s ftu ofj e/ jZ;d/ y'bd/, yKd/ ghAd/, irs c;"shnK s'A T[go sofdnK
fBob/g ofje/ r[ow[Zy pDBk j?.
bZrk oj/A sK bZrk oj[ jodw edh B v'b.
;fsr[o BkBe ;G s'A tZvk j?. w?A j'oBK Xkowe nkr{nK dh eh

edo eodk jK, go r[o{ Bkbe w/o/ bJh ;G s'A T[ Zuk j?. Jh;k d/ oZp gk;
nwho nkdwh dh gj[zu BjhA, T[j efjzdk j? T[{mk dk ;{Jh d/ BZe/ ftu'A dh
fBeb ikDk w[wehB j? go fJe nwho dk ;KJh bkr/ g[ZiDk Bk w[wfeB j?.
pkp/ BkBe d/ dopko nwho s/ rohp d[jK dh o;kJh j?, fjod/ ftu :kd dh
eDh j't/ ;jh.
id se ;kvk wB d/ ekb BfwZs ftu j?, oZp BjhA ikD
;edk, feT[Afe T[j d/ ekb ftu nk BjhA ;edk. fw;woB ftu ;[os
bk e/ n;K d/ ekb Bfws s'A wB T[go u[ZeDk j?.
r[of;y f;woB Bkb ekb s'A T[ Zs/, fXnkB Bkb tkfjr[o{ ih
f;oiDjko gqshs eoe/ T[; dh o k s/ keo j' e/ ft;wkd ftu g[Zidk j?
s/ wB nr[Dk wB, T[BwB eodk j?. fJ; soQK Bkb d/ ekb Bfws dh
ftE w/N e/ ;KJh fwbkg j' iKdk j?. fJj nwbh sohek j? ;KJh dh gqkgsh
dk.
tkfjr[o{ dk f;woB eofdnK i/ fe;/ ;[zdosk d/ Mbeko/ s'A ed/
fJe fSB nKdh j? sd wB s/ gqshsh fgS/ ofj iKdhnK jB s/ jZd ftu
ofjD tkbh o{j jZd'A gko tkfjr[o{ Bkb ik S'Ajdh j?. fJ; nt;Ek s'A id
n;hA j/m nkT[Ad/ jK ;kv/ w{zj'A tkj tkj fBebdh j?.
nkgDk ezw eko eod/ j'J/ pZfunK gkbd/ j'J/ f;woB ftu bZr/
ofjDk j?. frqj;s ftu ofjzd/ j'J/ irs tb'A T[dk; ofjDk j? s/ Bkw ftu
fbt bkJh oZydh j?.
Bk e' w/ok jT[ fe;[ e/ok..
;kuk mke[o fsqGtfD w/ok.. (wko{ wjkbk n Ngdh )
r[ow[y d/ ;fs;zr, ihT[Ad/ ;fsr;zr dh pVh b'V j?. noiB d/
;tkbK dk iktp feq B B/ fdZsk, s[jkv/ ;tkbK dk iktp d/D tkb/ dh
ph b'V j?. feq B sK j? BjhA.
e'Jh ;kXB j't/ T[; d/ eoB s'A gfjbK fposh dk ;z;/ ofjs j'Dk
o{oh j?. fJ; tks;/ nkswk d/ ifrnk;{ ;fs;zr dh b'V j?. noEks
Bkw igD tkb/ r[ow[yK d/ ihT[Ad/ ;fs;zr dh b'V j?. fJ; d/ pr?o Bkw
fdqV BjhA j[zdk. r[ow[y d/ fwfbnK Bkw fus nkT[Adk j?. Bkw fgnkok s/
fwZmk brdk j?. r[ow[y dh gSkD fJj dZ;dh j? r[opkDh ftu.
;qh dopko ;kfjp d/ ;o'to ftu i/ s[;ha ik e// rzdh w'oh dk gkDh

r[owfs ;/XK - 246

r[owfs ;/XK - 247

gk d/t'A sK s[jk ;ko/ wzdk nkyDr/. i/ ;'o'to ftu rzr'soh dk gkDh

fbnk e/ gk d/t' sK ;G uzrk ikDBr/. n;hA fit/A jK, w?b/ gkDh jK w'oh
d/, n;K gfjb/ fBowb ib pDBk j?. fco ;KJh nkgd/ nkgD/ Bkb fwbk
bJ/rk. nZi eZb d/ t/dKshnK tKC{ n?t/A nkg/ jh pqjw BjhA pD p?mDk.
;kvh nkswk, gowkswk d/ ;kjwD/ fJ;/ soQK j? fit/A fJe ;w[zdo d/ feBko/
T[ Zr/ doys d/ gZs/ s/ ib dh p[zd j[zdh j?. ;w[zdo jh T[Sb e/ i/ fJ;
nkgD/ ftu fwbk bJ/ sK fwbk bJ/.
sT[ do;B eh eoT[ ;wkfJ..
w? do wkrs[ Ghfynk gkfJ.. (fsbzr wjbk 1-2)
fwfbnk Bkb'A fwbkg d/ isB eoB ftu ;tkd j?.
e;"bh fJe nkdwh j/m'A nkT[Adk row e'N b? nkfJnk j?. d{;ok
BjhA b? nkfJnk. i/ o{os g? rJh sK fijVk b? nkfJnk j? fJ;s/wkb eoe/
;[yh j' ikJ/rk, BjhA sK d{;o/ Bkb'A sK fe;/ jkbs ftu th xZN BjhA ot/
rk. s[;hA Bkw igh ikt', woB d/ pknd, Bk igD tkfbnK s'A sK jo
jkbs ftu Bc/ ftu jh oj'r/.
;qh epho ih sK efjzd/ jBL
ej[ epho nyo d[fJ Gkfy..
j'fJrk y;w[ s b/fJrk okfy.. (rT[Vh epho ih -n r 329
329)
i/ fe;/ dhnK ukphnK rtku ikD sK T[; jodw ezw eki
eod/ ukphnK jh :kd nkT[AdhnK ofjzdhnK jB, tkfjr[o{ ;k fJ; soQK
jo tes :kd nkDk ukjhdk j?. fit/A ukphnK dh b'V j?, fJt/A Bkw dh
nfjwhns dk woB d/ pknd gsk bZr/rk. fJE/ fJ; ;z;ko ftu sK ;ke
;zpzXh ezw nk iKd/ jB, nZr/ frnk sK e/tb Bkw B/ jh ezw nkDk j?.
feBek J/e[ fi;[ ihn p;kt/..
sk eh wfjwk rBh B nkt?.. (;[ywBh 1-1)
fi; soQK fJe thoi d/ S'N/ fij/ eso/ s'A n;hA ;ko/ pD/ jK, fJ;/
soQK Bkw fJe (phi) j?, i' ;kv/ ftu oZphns g?dk eo fdzdk j?. Bkw dk
feDek wkB' ikr j?.
id se Bkw dh b'V dk gsk Bk br/ nkdwh p/ pfjok ofjzdk j?.
pkpk fgqEh uzd ih B/ fJsB/ T[gdqt r[o{ noiB d/t ih Bkb sd/ jh ehs/
fe T[; Bkw s/ Go';k BjhA ;h. Bkw id fwb frnk xkb s[;K nkg

eoBh j?.
r[ow[y ph j[ew ftu tosdk j?. d[ekB s/ w[Bhw rkjeK dh nkU
Grs eo ;edk j?. T[BQK gkDh dk rbk; ghD tk;s/ fbnk e/ d/
;edk j?/ i/ d[ekB s'a ;'Bk u[Ze e/ d/ d/t/ sK T[; ehws gZfbU GoBh
gt/rh BjhA sK p/JhwkB frfDnk ikt/rk.
BkBe b/y? fJe rb j'o[ jT[w? MyDk Mky .
(tko nk;k wjbk 1-9)
ftnkfynk gfVQnK tk;s/ eoBh g?Adh j?, wsbp dh rZb sK f;oc
fJe' jh j? fe tkfjr[o{ j? fJj ;dk :kd ojt/.
b[fXnkD/ d/ bkr/ jh e'Jh 6-7 whbK dh ftE s/ fJe fgzv j?. e[ZM
po; j'J/ J/E/ fJe iZN f zwhdko r[o{ d/ gq/w ozr d/ gq/w ozr ftu w[ fenk ;h.
T[; dh pVh gqf;ZXh s/ wkBsk ;h. b'e d{ A d{o'A do BK nkT[Ad/ ;B. ;h
T[j nBgVQ. T[; Bkw dh ozCD fJe ows/ ;kX{ s'A bZrh ;h. T[j fJT[A fe
fJe fdB T[j nkgDk y{j r/V fojk ;h. pbd joN ubk oj/ ;B s/ fJj
fgZS/ rkXh s/ p?m fJBQK jZe fojk ;h . rowh d/ fdB ;B fe fJe ;KJh
Bkw oZsk ;kX{ T[jd/ y[j s/ nk fBefbnk, ;kX{ iZN tb w{zj eoe/ efjD
bZrk, GkJh fwZsok gkDh sK fgbk, ;KJh s/ok Gbk eo/, fgnk;k jK .
iZN B/ yV'e/ Bw;eko ehsh, c/o ftukfonk ;kX{ j? fJ; c'ek gkDh eh
fgbktK< y{j s/ rK sk pZMh jh j?l j't/ sK fJ; d[ZX dh bZ;h jh eo d/tK.
fJj ;'u e/ T[; MZp Bkb rK u'Jh, d[ZY eZfYnk s/ fJe fNzv ftu gk
bZ;h pDk e/ ;KJh ceho d/ nZr/ uk Xoh.
ceho gq;z B j' frk, n;h; fdZsh s/ efjD bZrk u"Xoh s? fet/A
gsk ;h fe w?A G[Zyk jK. gkDh wzfrnk ;h, s{z eZuh bZ;h eo e/ fgnk fdZsh.
iZN B/ T[ Zso fdZsk nkg oZp d/ ;KJh ceo j', w/o/ gk; i' ;h jk o eo
fdZsk j?. fJj ;[De/ ceho ft;wkd ozr ftu nk frnk s/ efjD bZrk tkj
tkj, s/o/ gk; i' s{z uzrh uh ;wMh nog fdZsh, ;kv/ gk; i' ;G s'A uzrh
uh j? n;hA s? fdz d / jKL
ej[- tkfjr[o{ ! tkfjr[o{ ! tkfjr[o{
iZN B/ o;Bk Bkb fejk tkfjr[o{ ! tkfjr[o{ ! tkfjr[o{@
cohe B/ fejk, pZ; ejh uZb J/; soQK tkfjr[o{, s/ d/y ozr tkfjr[o{

r[owfs ;/XK - 248

r[owfs ;/XK - 249

;KJh d/, fe fJ; tkfjr[o{ tkfjr[o{ eh cb brd/ jB. fJj efje/ ceho
sK ubk frnk s/ fJj iZN tkfjr[o{ tkfjr[o{ eoB br fgnk, T[; j'o
rZbK ft;o rJhnK. fJe tkfjr[o{ Bkw dh oN bk p?mk. fdB oks fJjh
ikg eoh ikt/.
e[ZM ;w/A d/ pknd fgzv tkfbnK B/ d/fynk fe w{zj'A i' efjzdk j? ;Zu
j' iKdk j?. j'o b'e sK y/sK ftu jb tkj[zd/, ;[jkrk fdzd/ s/ BdhDK eZYd/
jB. fJj fJt/A jh wkw{bh i/jk y/s tkj e/ tkfjr[o{ tkfjr[o{ eodk y/sK
ftu phi e/o fdzdk j?. go fJ; dh y/sh j'oBK Bkb' pj[s cbdh s/ nBki
g?dk eodh j?.
fJ; dh ;B/ ;B/ bkr/ d/ fgzvK ftu th uouk j' rJh. b'e fJ;
gk; wB"sK wzBD nkT[D br gJ/, fJj i' ;fji ;[Gk p'b d/t/ j' ikt/.
tke f;ZXh c[o nkJh. nkyo fJj tkfjr[o{ tkfjr[o{ igD ftu J/Bk w;s j'
frnk fe fJ; B/ nkgD/ xo ph ikDk SZv fdZsk. y{j s/ p?mk oj/ s/
tkfjr[o{ tkfjr[o{ dh oZN brkJh oZy/.
fJe fdB fgzv dk Bzpodko nkfJnk s/ T[; efjD bZrkGkJh s{z eh J/E/ eo fojk j?< s/oh xo tkbh B{z sK s/o/ Gok B/ nkgDk xo
gk fbnk j?.@ fJ; B/ ;[fDnk s/ w[;eokfJnk s/ efjD bZrk, GkJh fJ;
pbk s'A sK w/o/ wK ikJ/ Gok B/ jh S[vkDk ;h Bk. fJj T[geko j'o fe; B/
eoBk ;h< fJj ;[D e/ Bzpodko j?okB ofj frnk. iZN sK sqhws tk;s/
esb eo fdzd/ jB s/ fJ; B/ ok ph p[ok BjhA wBkfJnk. ;r'A [eo eo
fojk j?.
nrfB fBtkoh ;fsr[o d/t..
;/te ng[Bh bkfJU ;/t.. (okwebh wjbk 5-50)
id'A dh fJj tkosk j? T[d'A gzvs Jh o f;zx ih pV/ w j{o ftdtkB
j'J/ jB. nkg fBowb/ ;zs ;B s/ uko/ t/dK d/ tesk ;B. r[ow[y ;B. r[o{
xo d/ oXkb{ ;B. Gkos ftu ;ko/ ;kX{ ;z;ko ftu nkg w B/ gqw B/ ;kX{
;B . efjzd/ jB nkg B{z fJe tko wjkokik BkGk-jhok f;zx ih B/ fJe
tko fJe bZy o[fgnk G/AN eoBk ukfjnk. nkg B/ b?D s'A fJBeko eo
fdZsk.
id ;odkoK B/ n;oko ehsk fe ;tkwh ihU. gqtkB eo bt',
fe;/ Xow ekoi ftu br ikJ/rkl wjkokik jhok f;zx tork fJ; ;w/A

w[be ftu e'Jh dkBh BjhA j?. nkg ibkb ftu nk rJ/sK efjD bZr/ sK
Jh o f;zx tork e'Jh ftoes ;kX{ Gh BjhA j?. i/ jodtko s'A BkG/ sZe jh
jhok f;zx n ochnK dh ;Ve ph pDk d/t/ sK T[; tb Jh o f;zx sZe/rk
ph BjhA.
fJBQK gzvs Jh o f;zx j'oK gk; fe;/ B/ T[; iZN dk f eo ehsk,
fe fet/A b[fXnkD/ bkr/ fgzv ftu fJe iZN w[ fenk j?. tkfjr[o{ tkfjr[o{
dh oZN bkJh oZydk j?. pr?o pj[s jb/ tkj/ iK ;[jkrk fdZs/ d/ y/sh pkehnK
Bkb'A uzrh tZY b?Adk j?. s/ i' w{zj'A efjzdk j? ;Zu j' iKdk j?. g fvs Jh o
f;zx ih ;[Dd/ oj/.
id T[; B/ dZf;nk fe fJ; dh xo tkbh fJ; d/ Gok B/ xo gk
bJh s/ id fJ; gsk bZrk sK fJj Gok Bkb bfVnk BjhA, ;r'A efjD
bZrk fJj pbk s'A w/o/ wK iKJ/ Gok B/ jh S[vkDk ;h, j'o fJj T[geko e"D
eodk j?< sK gzvs j'oh n;uoi j' rJ/ s/ T[; fgzv ik e/ T[; d/ do B
eoB dh ;bkj gZeh eo bJh.
nkg nk e/ fwb/ sK i' ;[fDnk ;h mhe ;jh ehsk. nkg T[; iZN
efjD bZr/ fe GkJh s{z tkfjr[o{ tkfjr[o{ feT[A eodk j? < iZN B/ fejk
w/o/ w[of d B/ fJj dZf;nk ;h, ;' eoh iKdk jK. w? eh gsk w?A feT[A eodk
jK.
g fvs ih B/ g[ZfSnk - i/ s{z tkfjr[o{ tkfjr[o{ eoBk SZv d/t/A sK
eh j't/< iZN fpjpb j' e/ efjD bZrk- i/ w?A tkfjr[o{ tkfjr[o{ eoBk SZvK
sK w?A wodk jK.
w/o/ gqhsw jT[ ihtk Bkw[ fXnkfJ..
fpB[ Bkt? ihtD[ Bk Ehn? w/o/ ;fsr[o Bkw[ fdqVkfJ.. (f;oh okr[
wjbk 4-66)
fJj itkp ;[D e/ gzfvs Jh o f;zx ih B/ iZN Bw eko ehsh.
tkfjr[o{ Bkw igD tkb/ dk fJT[A ihtB nkXko pD iKdk j?.
pqjw frnkBh e? Bkw[ nXko[.. (;[ywBh 8-5)
Bkw igB tk;s/ o{ o h jdkfJsK
1H
BhAd g{oh eoBh uKjhJ/. xZN s'A xZN ;s :k nZm xzN/ j'o o' .
2H
y[oke ;[Eoh s/ jbeh eoBh s/ ep BjhA j'D d/Dh ukjhdh.
3H
e/;h fJ BkB jcs/ ftu fJe t/o o{o eoBk ukjhJ/. ;zs'y oyDk,

r[owfs ;/XK - 250

;Zu dh XkoBk eoBh s/ ;fs;zr eoBk.

4H
Bkw o;Bk Bkb igDk j?, fJj ;wK gk e/ gqDK ftu nkg/ jh bfj
ikJ/rk s/ fJe ;[o brkskoh nkg/ j' ikJ/rk.
5H
G{wh s/ GNedhnK wkVhnK o{jK (wBw[yK) d/ n;o s'A pu/ ofjDk j?.
r[ow[y J/BQK d/ p[o/ n;oK s'A oZfynk eoB ftu ;jkJh j[zdk j?.
6H
id wB skw;e jkbs ftu j't/ sK T[; s'A fJ; eZY e/ oki;e
ftu b? ikt'. oki;e s'A ;s' r[D ftu ;[os ik ;e/rh, sw' r[D
s'A BjhA.
7H
wB ns/ fJzdohnK fteko tk;BK ns/ ftf nK s'A o'eDk ns/
G[Zy dh fsqgsh tk;s/ nB[e{b y[oke jh ykDh ukjhdh j?.
8H
f;woB eoB tkb/ B/ nkgD/ g?oK s/ yVk j'Dk j? ckfJbhns ftu
nkT[Dk j?. wcT{bhns ftu BjhA ofjDk.
9H
r[ow[y T[j j? fi; d/ fwfbnK Bkw fus nkt/, tkfjr[o{ gq/w tX/.
r[ow[y d' fe;w d/ j[zd/ jBL
10H
fJe i' fJebtzi/ j' nkgDk nkg ;ztkod/ jB . d{i/ i' d{;fonK
dk Gh Gbk eoB L
(T) nkw SZNk d/ e/ :k
(n) fe;/ fe;/ EK fe;/ fe;/ o{j g[rk e/.
ft;o[ Bkjh dksko nkgBk Bkw[ d/j[..
r[D rktk fdB[ okfs BkBe ukT[ J/j[.. gz B k )

T{ms p?ms ;'ts fXnkJhn?..

wkofr ubs jo/ jfo rkJhn?..
HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH
ekofi ekfw pkN xkN ighi?..
r[ogq;kfd jfo nzfwqs ghi?.. (gzBk 386
386)

r[owfs ;/XK - 252

;q h r[ o { rq z E ;kfjp gd S/ d fe bVhtko <

fuozekb s'A Jhoyk, dt?y, fsq Bk ns/ ekw, eq'X nkfd ftu ro;h
j'Jh sqk;dh b[ekJh s/ id fgsk gqw/ o ih B{z d:k nkJh sK nkgD/ fBi
;o{g u'A B{oh i'fs ;z;ko d/ efbnkD bJh efbi[r ftu BkBe d/ BkT[A
Bkb gqrN ehsh . fi; pkps GkJh r[odk; ih B/ fbfynk j? L;[Dh g[ekfo dksko gqG[ r[o[ BkBe ir wkfj gmkfJnk ..
(Gkar[atka 1 g Bk 23)
fBozeko d/ nrzwh j[ew n do, fBozekoh pkp/ B/, d; ikfwnK ftu
i'fs irk e/, d[BhnK B{z, GowK, tfjwK, n Xft tk; ns/ nfrnkBsk B{z
d{o eoB bJh, ;Zuk T[gd/ d/ e/ wB[ZyK ftu ftnkge g { fposh B{z d{o
eoe/, g { s'A wB[Zy, wB[Zy s'A d/ts/ s/ n s ftu gow fgsk gqw/ to Bkb
i'VB dk ekoi ehsk .
iZ[rK, i[rKsoK sZe fJ; T[gd/ B{z ubdk oZyD bJhl ;fsr[o{ ih B/
fBZih ;o{g s'A jNk e/ b[ekJh B{z pkDh Bkb i[VB dk T[gd/ fdZsk . id
pkDh nZv nZv g'EhnK ftu ;h sK wjkBsk dZ;h s/ fejk g'Eh gow/ o ek
EkB[ (n r 1226
1226) ns/ id fco ;qh r[o{ noiB d/t ih wjkoki B/, fJ; B{z
rqzE dk o{g fdZsk sK i' ;fseko r[o{ wjkoki B/ nkg fJ; dk ehsk, T[j
;z;ko d/ fJfsjk; ftu nZi sZe fes/ BjhA fwbdk . fJ; fgZS'A pkeh r[o{
;kfjpK B/ th fJj ;fseko fJ;/ soQK ekfJw oZfynk .
fco id ebrhXo wjkoki B/ nkg rqzE B{z wZEk N/e e/ r[fonkJh d/ e/
fJ; B{z ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp efje/ f;ZyK B{z nkd/ fdZsk LnkgB'g' ;qh ykb;/ dhBk d[sh:k o{g ;fsr[o rqzEk ..
r[BkBtkd g[fB f;cfs ;bkjfB T{mfs p?mfs ;?B eozEk..
gktB g E ykb;k gqrfN:' uko poB nk ow ;[G g Ek..
fJB e' do; ;fsr[o{ e' do B[ p'bB r[o{ pd r[o{ rqzEk..
d`kd o{g ;fsr[o{ J/ ejh:s d`kdf; GkB gqrfN jfo izsk..
gqs:y ebk gkopqjw XDhS? rqzE g E ykb; toszsk..
dk; r'fpzd cfsj ;fsr[o e' yk; rqzE r[o{ o{g pzdsk.. (;opb'j rqzE)
sK r[o{ e/ f;ZyK B/, ykb;/ B/, fJ; j[ew B{z fszB ekb ;fs ikfDnk

ns/ i' ndp ebrhXo wjkoki dk eod/ ;h T[jh ;fseko G? GktBh Bkb
;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp wjkoki dk ehsk . r[opkDh B{z gqs:y r[o{ dk j[ew
ikDd/ sB wB XB B[Skto ehsk ns/ r[opkDh dh o" Bh ftu ihtB Ykb
e/ T[j fJfsjk; f;ofink fi; B{z ;[D e/ ns/ gVQ e/ ;kok ;z;ko n;uoi
j[zdk j? .
g[oksB f;ZyK B/ oXk ft tk; ns/ r[o{ j[ew B{z w[Zy oZfynk . nkgD/
nkg B{z f;Zy ikDe/, BK sK r[o{ dh dZ;h ofjs T[go e'Jh fezs{ gq s{ ehsk s/
Bk jh r[o{ ;o{g s/ e'Jh B[eskuhBh ehsh . fco id f;Zy wkfJnk dh bg/N
ftu nk rJ/, r[opkDh Bkb'A N[ZN rJ/, iE/pzdh dh xkN ekoB pqkjwDtkdh
pj[ ;zwsh d/ n;o B{z ep{bD bZr rJ/ ns/ T[dk;h, fBowb/ nkfd ;zsK dk
;dek r[o{ xoK n do r[opkDh s'A T[bN ezw j'D bZr gJ/ sK ;fsr[o{ ih dh
ngko feqgk ;dek f;zx ;Gk bfjo d[nkok g E B{z uVQdhebk gqkgs j'Jh .
f;zx ;Gk bfjo d/ f;zxK B/ Gh B f;Zyh ofjs s/ e'Jh fezs{ B ehsk B jh
nkgD/ r[o{ s/, f;Zyh f;de d/ i' ekoBkw/ fJBQK B/ ehs/, g E B{z fJBQK s/
wkD j?.
nZi d/ f;Zy irs s/ v{zxh B o wko e/ d/yhJ/ sK ;gZ N o{g ftu d' q/
DhnK ftu tzfvnk j'fJnk B o nkT[Adk j? .
1a g/Av{ spek L- i' fe seohpB g{ok jh ;zs ;wki dh ieV ftu j? .
fJBQK nZr/ fpp/e p[ZXh BK dh e'Jh uh BjhA j? . pkpk ih dk j[ew ;otT[Zu
j? .
2a
fjoh spek L- fJj vkeNoK, fcbk;coK, p[XhihthnK s/ fw BohnK
dh geV ftu j? . fJBQK ftu oXk ft kt; Bk dh e'Jh uh BjhA . jo
rZb bJh feT[A, eh, s/ fedK gqXkB j? . fJfsjk; ns/ r[opkDh dh jo rZb
B{z wkfJnkth ;kfJz; nB[;ko nkgDh ;hws p[ZXh Bkb goy e/ g[oksB jo
fJe gq gok s/ XkoBk dk w ke T[vkT[Dk fJBQK dk [rb j?. ;w[Zu/ ;qh r[o{
rqzE ;kfjp ftu e/tb fJe tko fbfynk j'fJnk L
nebh ;kfjpQ ;/thn? nebh gkJhn? wkB[ (n r 1245
1245)
fJBQK B/ x[ZN e/ cfVnk j'fJnk j? ns/ j koK tko dk fdZsk T[gd/ L
wB eh wfs fsnkrj[ jfo iB j[ew[ p{fM ;[y[ gkJhn? o/
(n r 209
209)
fJBQK B{z gqtkB BjhA. f;Zyh ftu ;[Xko eoB bJh ;G s'A gfjbK fJBQK
B/ nkgD/ r[o{ ftu rbshnK eZYe/ T[; B{z ;[XkoB dk phVk u[Zfenk j? .

r[owfs ;/XK - 253

r[owfs ;/XK - 254

;G s'A gfjbK r[o{ dk ;[Xko fJBQK B/ ehsk fe bVhtko fbys B{z

gdS/d eo fdZsk . fJ; w st bJh fJj nkg ;kjwD/ BjhA nkJ/ s/ GkJh
itkjo f;zx feqgkb f;zx s'A eotkfJnk ns/ nkg fJ; d/ gqukoe pD/ .
f;ZyK dh ;ot T[Zu ;z;Ek q'wDh r[od[nkok gqpzXe ew/Nh B/ gfjbK gfjb
fJ; dk vN e/ fto'X ehsk ns/ d' tko ws/ gke/ fJ; dk y vB ehsk . go
;[Zy ofjDh f;ZyK dh w r ns/ fJBQK ftdtkB fw BohnK dh Mkb Bk MZb
;e/ ns/ n s nkg Gh fJ;/ tfjD ftu o[VQ rJ/ . ws/ dk w{b o{g fJ; soQK
j? L2) r[owsk BzL7 , sqhe 1-1-1950 Xkofwe ew/Nh q'wDh r[Lgq L ew/Nh;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih dh gd-S/d SkgD iK gqek eoB ;zpzXh
q'wDh ew/Nh dh n fsqw ew/Nh dk r[owsk Bzpo 1637 fwsh 28-5-50
28-5-50, fi;
ftu Xkowe ;bkjeko ew/Nh dh okJ/ g[ZSh rJh ;h, g/ j' e/ gqtkB j'fJnk
fe fisBk fuo g Ee s"o s/ fJ; pko/ e'Jh c?;bk Bk j' ikt/, fe;/ fJe
g[o B{z iK ;Gk ;[;kfJNh B{z gd S/d phV BjhA SkgDh ukjhdh s/ Bk jh
gd-S/d phV dk gqek j'Dk ukjhdk j? .
fJ;/ soQK f;ZyK dh T[; ;w/A dh fJe j'o ;op T[Zu ;z;Ek uh ykb;k
dhtkB dk wsk Bzpo 2682 fwsh 21-1-1945 fJ; soQK j? L
;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih dh gd-S/d phV s'A nky v gkm j'D ;zpzXh
w[nkwbk ;bkjekoK dhnK oktK ;w/s g/ j'fJnk, nkfrnk j'Jh fe Bk jh
n?;h phV s'A ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih dk gqek j'Dk ikfJ j? s/ Bk jh fJ;
s'A ny v gkm eoBk ikfJ j? s/ gd-S/d eoe/ ;koh phV fJe fibd ftu
SkgDh Bk w[Bk;p j?, s/ g E bJh jkBhekoe j? . q'wDh r[od[nkok gqpzXe
ew/Nh B{z fJ; c?;b/ dh Beb G/ih ikt/ s/ nkw n pkoK ftu th gqek s
ehsk ikt/ .
fJE/ jh p; Bjh, id r[opkDh d/ noE p'X bJh gfjbK gfjb ;koh
r[opkDh dk gd S/d tkbk pdkoE uko ;?AuhnK ftu Sfgnk sK ;qh
dopko ;kfjp n fwqs;o ih d/ ;opokj dh fusktBh Goh nghb u"Eh ;?Auh
d/ gfjb/ g B/ s/ Bkb jh Skgh rJh ;h . fi; dh fbys fJ; gqeko j? L
dso ;qh dopko ;kfjp ;qh n fwqs;o ih u/s tdh 5 ;zws 1945
BkBe kjh 420
;q h tkfjr[ o { ih eh cs/ .
fJ; fJ fsjko d`kok jo yk; t nkw nZr/ gqrN ehsk iKdk j? fe

fJBQK g'EhnK B{z fJeZsq eoe/ fJe fibd e'Jh Bk eokt/, i' e'Jh fJ;
fJ fsjko d/ fto[ZX eo/rk T[j ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih dh p/ndph eoB
tkb ;wfMnk ikt/rk ns/ b'e gob'e ftu ;fsr[o{ dk d/Ddko j't/rk
ns/ T[; B{z ekB{zB "idkoh dhnK eJh J/e dck w{ip ;oeko d/ ;kjwD/ g E
B{z itkp d/Dk gt/rk .
d;sys
;odko wkB f;zx ;kfjp ;hL nkJhaJha ;odko pjkdo
wj/io o;kbdko
n"Bo/oh w?fi;No/N
;opokj r[od[nkfonkB ;qh n fwqs;o
gq? v?AN f;zx ;Gk ;qh n fwqs;o .
fJ; Bkb g E B{z eh ckfJdk j'fJnk eh xkNk j'fJnk iK nZr/ B{z j'
;edk j? fJ; s/ ftuko eoBk fJ; b/y dk w st j? .
gd S/d eoB bJh i' tZv/ ekoB dZ;/ iKd/ jB T[j fJ; soQK jB L
1a
r[o{ ;kfjp t/b/ ;ko/ rqzE fJ;/ ?bh ftu fby/ iKd/ ;h . fJ;
bJh r[o{ ;kfjp B/ fJj ftXh ngDkJh j? fJ; dh e'Jh ft / sk
BjhA .
2a
bVhtko fbyh r[opkDh dk gkm eoBk jo fJe d/ tZ; dh
rZb BjhA e/tb v/o/dko ;zs ns/ T[BQK d/ ;/te jh eo ;ed/
jB .
3a
gd S/d j'D ekoB r[opkDh dk pj[s gquko j'fJnk j? ns/
xo-xo r[o{ wjkoki dk gqek j'D ekoB f;Zyh pj[s tXh j? .
4a
id gVQBk gd S/d eoe/ j? sK fbyD ftu eh jo j? <
nkU mzY/ fuZs Bkb fJBQK rZbK s/ ftuko eohJ/ fJj feE'A sZe mhe
jB .
;G s'A gfjbK sK i/ fe;/ nkw wB[Zy dh feqs ftu jh T[; dh wo h
pr?o tkXk xkNk eoB dk fe;/ dk jZe BjhA sK f;Zy j'D d/ Bks/ ;kvh eh
fjzws g? ;edh j? fe r[o{ ;kfjp dh feqs ftu (fi; B{z r[o{ ;kfjp B/ nkg
nkgDh d/j nky e/ f;ZyK B{z fJ; dk ;fseko eoB bJh fejk j't/) tkXk
xkNk eohJ/ . i/ fJj ;jh w B fbnk ikt/ sK BkwXkohnK d/ gZsok gkm iK
j'o wB wZsK B{z fe; nkXko s/ u?fbzi eoKr/.
id fJj f;Zyh d/ gquko s/ ;[Xkoe rb ftu gZbk gk e/ d't/A jZE

r[owfs ;/XK - 255

i'V, nZyK whN e/ nodk; eod/ jB sK r[o{ ;kfjp B{z tfvnkT[D bJh
nkyd/ jB, kjok j{ o , jk ok, j { o , pdk ntsko, d;K r[ o K dh
nkswe i'fs i[r' i[r nNZb fJfs nkfd . fco id Bkb jh fdb ftu fJj
nkyd/ j'Dr/ fe wjkoki s[jkv/ n;bh ;o{g Bkb n;hA rZbK BjhA eo
;ed/ fJ; bJh b' V nB[ ; ko nkgDh wo h Bkb s[ j kv/ ;o{ g ftu
pdbh eo fdZsh ik eo oj/ jK, e?;h wkBf;e d k fJBQK dh j[zdh j't/rh!
gkme nkg jh n dk k bk b?D . i/ fJBQK B{z ozue wkso Gh r[o{ dk G? j't/
sK eh fJj fJ; soQK eo ;ed/ jB iK e'Jh f;Zy eo ;edk j? < iK fe;/ B{z
eoB dk jZe j? <
id r[o{ ;kfjp B/ T[; ;w/A dhnK ;kohnK XkoBktK, gq goktK B{z g[D
SkD e/ fpp/e okjhA jo rZb B{z th BthA o{g o/yk fdZsh, eh r[o{ ;kfjp
fbyD ?bh B{z BjhA pdb ;ed/ ;h< i/ BjhA pdbh fJ; fgS/ eh G/d j?,
;wMD dk n;hA ed/ :sB BjhA ehsk .
id fJe tko fJ; soQK wBwo h Bkb xkNk tkXk eoB dh y[bQ fwb
rJh, fJj feE'A sZe tX/rh fJ; dk n dk k brkT[Dk w[ feb j? .
1a gfjbh ;N/i L- bVhtko ;o{g s'A pkDh gVQBh n"yh j? go S/d j'
frnk .
2a nT[y/ gdK d/ noE ;wMD bJh j/mK noE fby d/D/ ukjhd/ jB.
3a T[ukoB ;jh eoB bJh fpzd/, nZXe ns/ noX ft okw brk d/D/
ukjhd/ jB. uzvhrVQ dh fJe ;z;Ek B/ fJj ezw nkozG Gh ehsk ;h. go gsk
BjhA feT[A o[e rJ/ .
4a r[o{ pkDh bVhtko fJe EK ns/ Grs pkDh ;koh fJe EK s/ eo
d/Dh ukjhdh . gfjbK fJj :sB pkp{ s/ik f;zx ih G;"V tZb'A j' u[Zek j? .
5a r[opkDh B{z Bt/A f;o s'A t?okr, frnkB, T[gd/ , Grsh ns/
ojZ; dh soshp Bkb fbfynk ikDk ukjhdk j?.
6a nfbzekos pd d/ Gkt noE ;wMD bJh Gkt noE c[N B'N
ftu d/ d/D/ ukjhd/ jB sK fe gkm eod/, T[m e/ j'o g[;se d/yD dh
y/ub B eoBh gt/ (gd S/d Gh y/ub xNkT[D bJh ehsh j? .) ns/ fJ;
soQK j'o eJh rZbK dh b'V g? ;edh j? sK fco fJ; B{z r[o{ dk doik d/t'r/
fe feskp dk gkme nkg jh n dk k bkT[D .
g[oksB phVK B/ ;w/A nB[;ko fpqX j'Dk jh j? ns/ BthnK SgDhnK
pzd j' rJhnK . fJe fdB nfijk nkJ/rk fe bVhtko ;o{g nb'g j ikDr/

r[owfs ;/XK - 256

s/ e/tb gd S/d ;o{g jh ofj ikDr/ . fJ; Bkb n;hA i' j[D sZe pV/ wkD
Bkb efjzd/ jK fe f;ZyK e'b r[o{ ;kfjp dk ofunk rqzE fiT[A dk fsT[A j?,
fco fe; w{ j Bkb ejKr/ <
id d[fBnkth jo fJe ftfdnk gVQB bJh [o{ s'A pkb T[gd/ , fco
gfjbh g'Eh ns/ fJ;/ soQK T[u/oh ebk;K dhnK feskpK gVQB fgZS'A jh pzdk
fvroh dh feskp B{z jZE gkT[Adk j? sK fco fJj n;{b r[opkDh dh gVQkJh
bJh i' p [orK B/ pDkfJnk ;h, fe g i rqzEh, dk; rqzEh, Grs pkDh s/
GkJh r[odk; ih dhnK tkoK s/ efps ;tZnJh:/ gVQB fgZS' jh eVkj
gq kfd dh d/r ;ik e/ r[o{ wjkoki d/ skfpnk p?fmnk ikJ/ feT[A s'V fdZsk
frnk < fco fJ; soshp B{z pdbe/ p [orK B/ r[o{ ;kfjp dk ;fseko oZyD
bJh ;?AuhnK s'A gkm f;yD dk ftXkB pDkfJnk ;h . sK i' ;?AuhnK s'A gkm
;ob eoe/ jh r[o{ wjkoki dh skfpnk p?fmnk ikt/ go j[D p[XhihthnK dh
eokwks s/ fw BohnK dh feogk ;G MzMN sw eoe/, fi; B/ g ikph
dhnK nZm ebk;K gVQ bJhnK, f;ZXk jh r[o{ wjkoki s/ skp/ gkm eoB
bJh fpmk fdZsk iKdk j? .
pVk ;"yk ezw j? nkg fwjBs eoB dh pikJ/ r[o{ dh pDkJh
soshp B{z pdb d/t' . fJj ;kvk r[o{ B{z sB wB XB nogB eoB dk
w"vhckJhv Yzr j? .
gd S/d phV s'A Gh e/tb T[BQK gkmhnK dk T[ukoB ;jh d/fynk
frnk j? fiBQK B/ fes'A ;zE:k fbZsh j? . yk; eoe/ T[BQK pdK dk i' g ikph
s'A pkjobhnK Gk ktK d/ jB, dk mhe T[ukoD n;zGt j? . i/ ;zE:k b? e/
jh gkm ;jh j' ;edk j? (i' fw Boh nkg w Bd/ jB) sK fco bVhtko ;o{g
s'A ;zE:k b?D s/ ;zE:k d/D ftu eh sebhc j? . gd S/d ;o{g j'D d/
pkti{d Gh ;jh T[ukoB bJh f;zx ;Gk skpdh ew/Nh B/ rqzEhnK bJh
gkm p'X ;wkrwK dk bkxk:'r T[dw ehsk ;h ns/ j[D e'Jh e'Jh ;z;Ek
eo ojh j? .
bVhtko ;o{g dhnK tfvnkJhnK LL1a
bVhtko ;o[g s'A gkm eoB bJh gkmh B{z ;jh T[ukoB, noE
ft okw fpzd/ ns/ nZXe dh tos'A eoB bJh fJekro fuZs j'Dk o{oh j? .
fJ;/ soQK ;ktXkB fJekro fuZs j' e/ ehsk gkm jh w B B{z N[zp/rk ns/
r[opkDh dh gko; ebk tos e/ ihtB ftu gbNk nkJ/rk . pd ;[ o s
dk w/b jh f;Zyh dk X[ok j? .

r[owfs ;/XK - 257

r[owfs ;/XK - 258

2a
gkmh d/ fjod/ ftu fJj G? ofjzdk j? fe gkm n [ZX Bk j't/ .
fJ; Bkb fiE/ fJekrosk tZXdh j? T[E/ wB ftu rohph nkT[Adh j? . fi;
bJh r[of;Zy gkm eoB s'A gfjbK gkm dh [ZXsk bJh nodk; eodk j?
ns/ gkm dh ;wkgsh s/ Gh G[ZbK bJh fywk w rdk j? . fJ; soQK wB ftu G?
GktBh pDh ofjzdh j? ns/ jzeko s'A pudk j? .
go gd S/d phV s'A gkm n [ZX j'D dk e'Jh s"ybk jh BjhA, fJ; bJh
nZiebQ nB/eK gkmh d/y/ rJ/ jB fe j {oh ftu nkJ/ wZEk N/fenk s/ gkm
s/ p?m rJ/ s/ gkm dh ;wkgsh s/ wZEk N/fenk s/ ub/ rJ/ .
3a
id sZe fe;/ f;nkD/, ;{MtkB ns/ r[ow[y fgnko/ e'b p?m e/
gkm Bk f;Zfynk frnk j't/, nkgD/ nkg r[o{ wjkoki d/ ndp ;fseko
eoB dh iKu BjhA nk ;edh . fJ; bJh nkg{ pD/ gkmhnK B{z r[o{ wjkoki
dh j {oh n do p?mD dk gsk jh BjhA j? . fe;/ ftob/ gkmh d/ rb ftu
ji{ohnK B o nkT[Adk j? . i/ fe;/ B/ ofynk Gh j? T[j e/tb c? B bJh s/
f;oc gkmh dh gfjukD bJh . fJ; dh nfjwhns dk gsk Bk j'D eoe/
gkm eofdnK E[ZeK g?D ekoB r[o{ wjkoki dh p/ndph j[zdh j? fi; dk
fJBQK B{z nfj;k; jh BjhA j? . nB/eK tkoh BZe ftu T[ArbK gk e/, T[pk;h
o'eD bJh w{ j nZr/ jZE oZy e/ ns/ g?oK B{z y[oe e/ T[BQK jZEK Bkb jh
gso/ gosd/ d/yhd/ jB . nB/eK gkmh w ih ;kfjp dh pkjh s/ pKj iK
e{jDh oZy e/, fJE'A skJhA r[o{ wjkoki d/ ;o{g T[go jZE dk nk;ok b? e/
gkm eod/ d/yhd/ jB .
4a
bVhtko ;o{g ftu pd i'V d/ nZyoK dk nZr/ fgS/ j'D dk
e'Jh vo BjhA j? . gd S/d dhnK phVK ftu nB/eK EkJh ezg'f zr ftu
bsh j'D ekoB nZyo nZr/ fgZS/ j'D ekoB pd i'V ftu bshnK
jB. fi; dk nfj;k; nkg{z pD/ gkmh B{z BjhA j' ;edk, fJ; bJh nkw
gkmh i?;k fbfynk j? t?;k jh gkm eod/ jB s/ i/ do[;sh bJh ejhJ/ sK
efj fdzd/ jB fe fby/ w[skpe [ZX gkm ehsk j? .
id'A g E d/ gqw[Zy eEk-tkueK ns/ frnkBhnK Bkb fJ; pko/ rZb
ehsh sK fJBQK ftu'A pj[fsnK B/ fJj efj e/ fgZSk S[vk fbsk ih e'Jh j'o
rZb eo' . pkehnK e'b jo rZb dk fJe' xfVnk xVkfJnk T[Zso j? eh
coe g?Adk j?.
u"dk ;' ;kb fJ;bkw B{z j'Ad ftu nkfJnk j' rJ/, nZi sZe fe;/
w[;fbw p[ZXhiht B/ e[okB ohc, fJ;bkwh okj iK j'o otkfJsK s/ fezs{

gq s{ BjhA ehsk . fe;/ d/ d/ w[;bwkB B/ fJj BjhA fejk fe w?A noph ftu
fBwk ndk BjhA eo ;edk . fJj w/oh p'bh ftu j'Dh ukjhdh j? . fJj
;G tfvnkJhnK ni'e/ Bt/A f;Zy p[ZXhihthnK ns/ f;Zy fw BohnK d/ fjZ;/
nkJhnK jB, fe jo fJe fJfsjk;e xNBk, fijk fe pkpk dhg f;zx dh
jhdh, GkJh sko{ f;zx dh y'goh b[jkT[Dk ns/ fJ;/ soQK r[o{ ;kfjp d/
ihtB ;zpzfXs xNBktK B{z ;kfJz; dh e;tZNh s/ bk e/ rbs f;ZX eoB
ftu wkD ;wMd/ jB .
;G s'A tZvh n;uoisk fJj j? fe i' ;zs ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp B{z gqsZy
r[o{ dh d/j w Bd/ jB, w";w nB[;ko pDkJ/ ewfonK ftu gqek eod/ jB,
mzY/ s/ row p;so G/Nk eod/, Ekb go'; e/ bzro dk G'r b[nkT[Ad/ jB,
T[BQK B/ Gh fJ; rb'A ikD p[ZM e/ nZyK whN bJhnK jB .
p[Y/ i"jV d/ fJeZm ftu wZ;/ ozxV B{z ;'XD tKr, fJj ;ko/ g E B{z
tzrko j? . e'Jh r[o{ dk bkb fBZso/, e'Jh ;z;Ek fBso/ i', r[o{ dh fJ; x'o
p/ndph B{z mZbQ gkJ/ . j? e'Jh <
jZb fJe' j?, fe dodw d tho, ;z;EktK ns/ r[od[nkok ew/NhnK ws/
gk e/ nekb s s ;kfjp d/ iE/dko ;kfjp B{z G/iD . fi; Bkb fJfsjk;e
fJeZm eoe/ nekb s s ;kfjp s'A j[ewBkwk ikoh eotk e/ nZr/ bJh gd
S/d phVK SgDhnK pzd eotkJhnK ikD ns/ jw/ K bJh nfijhnK nkg
j[dohnK rZbK dk G'r gkfJnk ikt/ .
BjhA fco fsnko oj', r[o{ dk ;o{g pdbD fgS'A, fJj p[ZXhihth ns/
fw Boh jfow do ;kfjp d/ ;o{g pdbD bJh fsnko p?m/ jB . ekoB fJj
dZf;nk ikt/rk fe id'A r[o{ ;kfjp B/ fJj pDkfJnk ;h T[d'A f;Zy ;zrs
xZN ;h, fJe g[b Bkb ezw uZb iKdk ;h . go j[D ;zrs pj[s f nkdk
j[zdh j?. fJe g[b Bkb r[ kok BjhA j[zdk fJ; bJh tB t/ Nq?fce eoB bJh
uko/ gk;/ g[b j'D/ ukjhd/ jB .
r[o f;yk e? wfB Gktdh r[o ;fsr[o dh tfvnkJh
1a pkDh r[o{ r[o{ j? pkDh ftfu pkDh n fwqs[ ;ko/ .
r[o pkDh ej? ;/te iB[ wkB? gosfy r[o{ fB;sko/ .. n r 982
2a puB ;qh r[o{ jfo r'fpzd ;kfjp ih e/
ubB ;w/ tv ;[s e/ ;kE, tke pykfB:' ir r[o BkE..
fxqs dhge e' fB;k ioktj[. fBs gqDkw efo ;h; fBtktj[..
;qh BkBe e/ ikw ;wkBk. g{ij[ r[o{ rqzE pj[ BkBk..

r[owfs ;/XK - 259

gq ukfwqs fBs eo eoktj[ . gm' p?m eo w[d T[giktj[..

r[L gqL ;{L 1572
3a puB ;qh r[o{ jfo okfJ ;kfjp ih e/
p'b/ ;fsr[o feqgk fBXkB . ;[B' f;y ww gow ;[ikB ..
:j nBG? tke pkBh wwo{g . ik eh wfjwk nfs nB{g ..
i' ww f;y pkBh G? eo/ . fpB fgqnk; Gt ;kro so/ ..
4a puB ;q h r[ o { jfo feq ;kfjp ih e/
r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ;G e/ok . i' jwo' ukj? do;B j/ok ..
jw ;' pks eoB eT[ ukjfj . gkm ;[Bfj r[o rqzE T[wkfj ..
puB r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;kfjp ih e/
5a
;qh r[o{ e/o ;oho i'T{, ;G EkB ;w/ ;G B do;? j?A ..
rqzE, fodk r[o e' fJj ikBT[, T[sw j? ;G ekb oj?A j?A ..
w/o/ ;o{g s/ :K s/ j? dhox, ;kfjp ikB ndkfJp eo?A j?A ..
g{i' uzdB e/;o e' x;, X{g X[ykfJ e? c{b uY?A j? ..
6a
pd ;[B? r[o fjs fus bkfJ r:kB pd r[o ;[B? ;[BkfJ..
i' ww ;kE ukfj efo pks rqzE ih gVQ? ftuko? ;kfE..
i' r[o puB ;[BB eh ukfj, rqE
z ftuko, ;[B/ fus bkfJ..
w/ok o{g rqzE ih ikB, fJ; w?A G/d Bkfj e[M wkB ..
ojsBkwk GkJh Bzd bkb (f;zx ih)
nkyho dk fBp/Vk ss ;ko r[o{ j[ew
;fsr[o e/ ihn eh ;ko B ikg? fe g{o/ ;fsr[o Gkt? ..
r[of;yK n dfo ;fsr[o{ tos? i' f;yk B' b'u? ;' r[o y[;h nkt?..
;fsr[o[ nky? ;[ eko ewktfB ;[ ig[ ewktfj r[of;yK
eh xkb ;uk EkfJ gkt? ..
ftD[ ;fsr[o e/ j[ew? fi r[of;yK gk;j[ ezw[ eokfJnk
b'V/ fs;[ r[of;y[ fcfo B/fV B nkt? ..
r[o ;fsr[o nr? e'Jh ihT[ bkfJ xkb? fs; nkr?
r[of;y[ eko ewkt? .
fi mrh nkt? mrh T[fm ikfJ fs; B/V? r[of;y w{fb Bk nkt?..
pqjw[ phuko[ BkBe[ nkfy ;[Dkt? ..
fi ftD ;fsr[o e/ wB[ w B/ ezw[ eokJ/ ;' izs[ wjk d[y gkt?.. n r 317
!!!