FILM CITY

INTRODUCTION: REASON FOR SELECTION OF THE TOPIC.

Film City is the ultimate leisure destination for film education, film makings ,holidays, corporate conferences, events, theme parties, adventure campus, family picnics and grand weddings. For movie makers, the largest film studio complex in the world as certified by Guinness World Records provides comprehensive and advanced film production facilities with dedicated professionalism. A filmmaker can walk in with a script and walk out with a canned film.

IN THE ERA OF THE COMPUTER, THE EXPECTATIONS OF GENERATION X GROW TO ULTIMATE LEVELS AS OUR EYES AND EARS ARE TANTALIZED WITH AN INFINITE ARRAY OF SIGHTS AND SOUNDS AND POSSIBILITIES OF MORE. HERE IN INDIA, ONE OF THE OLDEST PREVAILING INDUSTRIES IS THAT OF THE FILM- CINEMA. ITS LONG AND SUCESSFUL HISTORY SHOWS US THAT THIS FIELD OF ENTERTAINMENT IS BOLDLY HEADING INTO THE FUTURE. THE FILM INDUSTRY IS THE FASTEST GROWING AND MOST POPULAR AMONG ALL INDUSTRIES TODAY. INDIA, BEING A LEADER IN PRODUCTION OF FILMS (GROSSING THE LARGEST NUMBER OF FILMS PER ANNUM) SHOWS A GREAT INTEREST IN EXPANDING THE VISUAL ENTERTAINMENT INDUSTRY AND BRINGING IT TO INTERNATIONAL LEVELS. FILMS HAVE COME A LONG WAY FROM BEING MERELY ENTERTAINMENT, TO EDUCATING AND CREATING AWARENESS. WHAT BETTER WAY TO STRENGTHEN SO DIVERSE A FIELD THAN TO COMEMORATE IT WITH ALL ITS ESSENTIALS UNDER ONE ROOF? IN MY OPINION, A FILM CITY GIVES US ALL THE RIGHT ANSWERS. THE HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE IN INDIA IS A LONG AND PROSPEROUS ONE AND INDIAN CINEMA HAS BEEN INFLUENCED MUCH BY IT AS WELL. THOUGH ARCHITECTURE HAS BEEN

MAINLY INVOLVED AS A BACKGROUND TO FILM IT MUST NOW ACT AS THE PIVOTAL POINT. THE COMBINATION OF THE DIGITAL AGE, ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING, AND CINEMA, CAN BE A SUCESSFULY INTEGRATED INTO A FILM CITY.

A FILM CITY WOULD PROVIDE TOP OF THE LINE FACILITIES AND SERVICES FOR PRODUCERS ALL UNDER ONE ROOF. OFFER A UNIQUE FILM MAKING EXPERIENCE THAT ENSURES EASE IN ALL PRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION PROCESSES. IT WOULD ALSO BE ABLE TO SHOWCASE SOME OF THE HIGHLIGHTS OF THE FILM INDUSTY TO THE LOCAL PEOPLE. CHENNAI, BEING SOUTH INDIAS LEADER IN FILM PRODUCTION, IS THE IDEAL PLACE TO CREATE A FILM CITY

AIM OF THE ARCHITECT

To create the right setting that would enable all activities to take place harmoniously, help in self expression, communication skills creativity. METHOD OF APPROACH a. General study Climatic influences Landscapes Human response to form and space. b. Case studies regarding the following factors Location of site Site planning Zoning Exteriors Interiors Forms and Spaces Structure and Construction Scale Lighting and ventilation Colour The following are taken as Case Studies for film city a. RAMOJI FLIM CITY -HYDRAB AD

Case Studies for Indian Institutes teaching Film video and related specifications:
1. FTII SCHOOL OF DIRECTION, CINEMATOGRAPHY, EDITING & SOUND

(PUNE),
2.

SATHYAJIT RAY FILM INSTITUTE SCHOOL OF DIRECTION, CINEMATOGRAPHY, EDITING & SOUND (KOLKATA),

3. WHISTLING WOODS - SCHOOL OF DIRECTION, CINEMATOGRAPHY,

EDITING & SOUND(MUMBAI),

4. FILM INSTITUTE OF TAMIL NADU - SCHOOL OF DIRECTION,

CINEMATOGRAPHY, EDITING & SOUND(CHENNAI), Case Studies STUDIOS IN INDIA:

1. A V M STUDIOS 2. PRASAD STUDIOS

- CHENNAI - CHENNAI

Case Studies PREVIEW THEATRES AND AUDITORIUMS:

1. KINFRA PREVIEW THEATRE 2. IMAGE AUDITORIUM 3. FOUR FRAMES

- THIRUVANANTHAPURAM - CHENNAI - CHENNAI

LITERATURE STUDY

I.FILM MAKING:

1.Recording studio:
o What is Recording studio: There are two types: one with a 35 mm theatre and the other with a 75 mm theatre. The 70 mm mixing console is to have added sound tracks and graphic equalizers. The general function of the recording studios is to provide for the following functions: 1. Straight recording of songs or the background music. 2. Pre or post recording of the orchestra. 3. Re-Recording. 4. Re-viewing and projection. 5. Monitoring and control.

o Basic criteria for designing Recording Studio: 1. The recording hall: This will have to accommodate, a chorus and sometimes an audience, There should be provision for selection of certain instruments for clear recording. There should be screening facilities for projecting the film for which sound recording has to be done. 2. Control room: It should be located such that the engineers and sound directors within it have complete visual control over the instrument players and singers. The floor of the control would be raised above that of the recording hall of this purpose. The control must be rigidly sound proofed from the studio.

Often called as the speakers studios with space only for two or three speakers. An equipment room adjoining the visual room is required. Here the magnetic taping is done. 3. Size and shape of studio: The dimension and shape have a district effects on the acoustic properties of an enclosure. The recording hall has booths for various instruments and these sections are set off on either side as small clambers attached to the main recording hall. The work space should be 2 sq m per performer. Generally the length and breadth ratios adopted are 3:2, 1:0, and 1:3. By setting the walls out of parallel, better acoustics result. The angle of the walls for such enclosures is up to 10 deg. The ceiling and floor of the musical studios are set at 5 deg, proper selection of absorptive materials is essential. Sound absorptions in recording studios. By non-symmetrical distribution of absorptive material, by patches of acoustic material scattered over the wall surface. By irregularities in the wall surface, convex bumps or other protrude. Convex surface of their plywood or plaster board are favoured by acoustical engineer. The absorptive characteristics of panels depend on their resonance. Frequencies and hence their effective size, which means that panels of various size should be used to get uniform absorption 4. Sound absorption in recording studio: By non-symmetrical distribution of absorptive material, by patches of acoustic material scattered over the wall surfaces. By irregularities in the wall surfaces, such as splays, convex bumps or other proturbances. Convex surfaces of thin plywood or plaster board or favoured by acoustical engineers. The absorptive characteristics of panels depend on their resonant. The requirement: s. no Components Areas(sqm)

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13.

Lobby + waiting + reception V.I.P lounge with washroom facilities Managers cabin + toilet Staff room Recording hall Brass section Wind section Voice room Rhythm room Sound mixer control room Machine room Equipment store Projection room Total area occupied =

50 sqm 25 sqm 25 sqm 25 sqm 200 sqm 25 sqm 25 sqm 25 sqm 25 sqm 25 sqm 25 sqm 25 sqm 25 sqm 525 sqm

The requirements have been standardised for normal 35 mm or cinemascope theatres and the areas have been given accordingly. All recording theatres are to be conceived with sound consoles of 24 tracks (at present only at PRASAD STUDIO, CHENNAI in the whole of Asia) The 70mm theatre to have a slightly larger area for the main recording hall.

2.Dubbing theatre:
o What is dubbing: Dubbing is the re-recording of the voice track and putting in of Music and special effects. It is also the transfer of dialogue in the motion picture froe one track into the other, that is, from one language into another language. In the conventional sense the term dubbing was used only for the transfer of dialogue in the motion picture from one track o Process of dubbing: Once the entire printing process is done, the director, chief cinematographer and sound director meet in the Editing department. The entire movie is seen on the editors moviola. All the not good shots are then edited and the entire film footage reduced to the 16,000 footage film and a copy of this is carried to the dubbing theatre. The entire movie is played scene by scene and the artists repeat the

dialogue a number of times into the microphone and with the final approval of the sound engineer and the sound director the final recording is made. As all movies need dubbing the theatres is to be booked in advance due great demand and usage.

o Basic criteria for designing dubbing theatre: Acoustics: Acoustics is the basic consideration for all the recording theatres. There should be no boom and reverberation within the recording hall for efficient sound recording. The acoustic materials and details are same as recording theatres. The mixing console: Mixing console should be placed in the sound mixer room. The artists voice tracks are recorded on the mixer. There are different frequencies for the male and female voice tracks. After the dubbing has been completed the two sound tracks along with other tracks are mixed and the special effects, background music etc...Are put in. The artists usually recorded the voice tracks scene by scene and the original voice track recorded at the time of shooting is recorded over. The mixing console holds a number of tracks and the tracks are taken in various notes and are later mixed by the sound engineer. Console with 24 tracks is seen at the Prasad Studio at Vadapalani, Chennai. Planning consideration: The console for the artists to be placed in the recording hall and the sound mixer directly behind it. There should be a glass screen separated the two. The sound engineer holds with him an intercom on the console by means of which they can communicate. Projector is placed in control room. The power room is also placed next to control room for easy excess.

The requirement:
S. no 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Components Recording hall Sound mixer control room Sound transfer machine room Sound library room Managers cabin Staff room Lobby + Reception + Lounge Toilets ( male + female ) Total area occupied = Area (m2) 45 m2 20m2 20m2 20m2 20m2 20m2 20m2 20m2 185 m2

For a film city bare minimum of four theatres for re-recording the voice track, that is dubbing is needed. The theatres are to be grouped along with the recording studios and a minimum of 10m away from the shooting floors to avoid noise disturbance.

3.The Shooting floor (or) Studio:

o What is Shooting floor: The actual area where the filming of the motion picture takes place is called studio or the shooting floor. The artists, the director, story writer, cinematographer, sound man and all other technicians like the light and electrical boys assemble every day at the studio where the filming occurs. This requires a number of ancillary services with facilities for make-up wardrobe and the services like air conditioning and lighting. o Function: The set design and preparation: Involves the art director, the set dressing and property store. The artists facilities: The make-up rooms, the wardrobe department, the rest rooms, the lounge and dining facilities.

 The actual shooting: The filming requires the light and sound control rooms. The sets and props to be set-up. The actual storage: Stores for equipment/sets/costumes are needed. o Circulation : The sets are prepared in the workshops, painted and then assembled inside the shooting floor. So, the distance from the workshop to the shooting floor must be as small as possible for easy transportation of sets. The access from the shooting floor to the workshop should be in form of a ramp with a minimum width of 5m. There should be a property store for the storage of smaller items. The items may include all kinds of curios, lights, cranes and other things. Dark rooms for the loading and unloading of cameras is required. The ancillary facilities like the make-up and dressing rooms are located close to the studio for quick and convenient circulation of the artists. Quick circulation to and from the dining rooms is also a major requirement for effective design. o Basic criteria for studio design: Planning: Size of the floors should be large enough to accommodate lifesize settings of multi-storey buildings. The space should be essentially column free. The size of the shooting floors usually varies from 1500 m2 to 2000 m2. Minimum clear space for shooting inside a set is about 4m x 4m and camera requires 6m shooting distance. A high ceiling is required for to suspend the lights and varies from 8m to 20m. There are no room proportions that are universally or unanimously recommended as optimum. For rectangular studios the ratios for room proportion shown in the following table are generally advocated.

Studio Type Small. Medium. With relatively low ceiling. With unusual length relative to width. Acoustics:

Height 1 1 1 1

Width 1.25 1.50 2.50 1.25

Length 1.60 2.50 3.20 3.20

 Shooting floor must be sound proofed against all air-borne and structural borne noises. The double wall construction is the most practical and walls be completely separated from each other. The suspension of an absorptive blanket aids the sound insulation. Windows are to be completely avoided and doors are to be panelled with an effective sound absorbing blanket, double doors are usually selected with an efficient seal around the edge. Most efficient insulation for structural borne noises is always obtained by the use of shooting floors which floats, that is, floating floor construction, where the floating floor rests on the structural floor but is separated from it by the resilient support or quilt. The studios should be free from echoes or any other focussing effects due to the curvature of the roof. The roof is also acoustically treated and insulated. The reverberation time should be ideal for the dialogues as it is only the speech that is recorded while dubbing which may be further re-recorded. Lighting : There are two basic methods in lighting the studio, namely, cat walk and gantries. Catwalks are provided at various heights with clamps for lights and the lights are shifted manually. Another system of lighting is with gantries which slide along rails. From the gantries are suspended timber cradles from which the lighting is hung. The gantries are manually moved with plug point at every 5m intervals. The motorised lighting( Latest techniques ): Lighting should be able to be placed at any point in a semi-hemispherical which implies that vertical, horizontal and transverse movement of lights is possible. All lights are mounted on tubular steel trusses and have to be connected by movable wheels. The light director decides on a method of lighting and the computers are fed with the information. Thus, using the computer, the light

may be moved into any position, made dimmer or brighter as per the requirement. The floor: The shooting floor must have large entrance to allow for the transportation of heavy equipment like cranes as well as trolleys which bring in the set construction materials. The floor may be provided with the hard durable cement flooring. Studio floors should be designed to bear in addition to its own weight at least 125 to 150 lbs/s ft. Painted floors have the advantage of allowing free trolley movement but they are liable to become dirty all too easily. The flooring must be perfectly level so that cameras can be dollied across without wobbling and wavering. Photography involves heavy equipment and requires tiled flooring. The cylindrical or square wood packing with 4m centre to centre spacing is recommended. This allows for the easy construction of sets, it should be possible to fix the sets firmly to the floor. For rain effects the water should be able to be pumped up and sprayed from nozzle present in a grid format ceiling level and below the lighting equipment. Therefore, drains should be worked out at the side of the floor to drain this water. Utility block: This basically houses the ancillary functions of make-up rooms, wardrobe dept, the rest rooms, common rooms and toilets. The overall studio complex is to contain a wardrobe department where the costumes may be tailored for the individuals. Toilets are to be provided where ever necessary. The administrative unit in front is to contain an entrance foyer with a reception and facilities for telephone and fax services. The units for directors office and VIP lounges also to be provided. The studio may be rented out to the individual promoters with all the allied facilities and services.

Services : Since natural light is impossible either air-conditioning or exhaust fans must be used. The ventilation problem is very acute in shooting floors due to the high heat load produced by exhaust

fans and multitude of lights. All electrical lights generate heat in addition to the primary purpose of producing light. From the thumb rule we get that one ton of cooling capacity is required to remove heat from approximately 3500 w of lighting load. The most efficient system has to have the inlet air coming at floor level with the exhaust fans and ducts mounted above the lighting network. To remove 1200BTA of Ht.ING load, have to exhaust 40 CFM in air. The innovative method at Warner Bros, is as follows, A/C only when the lights are on. There is a trench dub all around the shooting floor just below GLV1; with 2 pipes connecting the floor to the central AC plant. During shooting the chill water flows into one pipe which is drawn through tubes onto a PU unit on wheels, so outlet at 4m intervals allows for number of package units to be connected. There is a return hot water pipe leading back to the central AC plant. After shooting the chilled water may be turned off. The central AC plant to be designed considering the whole unit and the A.H.U to be provided with each studio floor.

The requirement: S. n o Components Area (m2) Total area (m2)

Types of studio: Class A = 150m x 100 m x 15 m = Class B= 50 m x 34 m x 11 m= I. 1. Class A Studio:

15000 m2 1700 m2 15000 m2 1500 m2 350 m2 210 m2 17060 m2

1. Shooting Floor. = 150m x 100 m x 15 m = 2.workshop=(10% of shooting floor) = 3.make-up,change room, rehearsal hall and toilets=(2% of shooting floor) 4.Art work + animation dept=(1.5% of shooting floor)= Total

2.

Storage for each individual studio =(10% of shooting floor)= Which includes Equipment store. Furniture store. Costumes store. Total

1500 m2

1500 m2 36 m2 9 m2 25 m2 25 m2 16 m2 16 m2 16 m2

3.

Administrative department Lobby + Reception. Dock in counter. VIP lounge Control room. Staff room + toilets. Directors office. Producers office. Total

143~150 m2 36 m2 36 m2 18746 m2~ 18750 m2 1700 m2 170 m2 35 m2 30 m2 1935m2 170 m2

4.

Services facilities: AHU / Electrical room Total Total built up area of Class A = 2. Class B Studio:

1.

1. Shooting Floor. = 50m x 43 m x 11 m = 2.workshop=(10% of shooting floor) = 3.make-up,change room, rehearsal hall and toilets=(2% of shooting floor) 4.Art work + animation dept=(1.5% of shooting floor)= Total

2.

Storage for each individual studio =(10% of shooting floor)= Which includes Equipment store. Furniture store. Costumes store. Total Administrative department

170 m2

3.

 Lobby + Reception. Dock in counter. VIP lounge Control room. Staff room + toilets. Directors office. Producers office. Total 4. Services facilities: AHU / Electrical room Total Total built up area of Class A = Kitchen services: (2.5% of Built up area) The processing laboratory:

20 m2 9 m2 16 m2 25 m2 12m2 8 m2 8 m2 100 m2 36 m2 36 m2 2241 m2~ 2250 m2

o What is processing laboratory: After days shooting the film is brought to the laboratory for developing and printing. After the exposed negative passes through the required process the positive rush print is viewed by the director, chief cinematographer and the cameraman to satisfy themselves that no more takes are necessary for that particular scene. All the rush prints are joined together to give the release print and this first copy of the completed picture is called the answer print which is again viewed by the director for correct results. After the sound has been recorded in the recording studios, the sound and answer print are then synchronised to give the final married print of which a number of copies are made depending on the distributors demand. The flow chart: The exposed negative registered in at the receiving point. The name of film, director and footage put into the computer. The exposed negative sent into the processing hall. The processed negative analysed by the graders. The analyser results and colour correction put in the printer. The processed negative printed to give the positive print.

 The print sent in to the inspection chamber for testing. The density of the emulsion tested. Testing done side by side in the analytical laboratory. The positive print sent in to the processing hall. The developed positive sent for checking into inspection. The footage and colour correction put on dev. positive. The director views the rush print in the laboratory theatre. The finished print dispatched to the delivery counter. The finished print with copies collected by the owner. The processing laboratory should be located within the studio complex close to the shooting floors. This is because every day the shots and scenes completed are taken to the laboratory for the rush print. Once the rush print has been taken the director views it at the laboratory theatre to satisfy himself that further takes are necessary. The editing and recording studios should be also close by. One major criterion is the location of the mixing room directly over the processing hall. Next to the mixing hall is located the chemical store and the chemicals reach the store by the service lift directly from the locking dock. A chemist is required on the upper floor who examines and tests the chemicals before allowing them to be put into the mixing tank. The chemical mixture is fed directly down into the processing hall for easy transport of chemicals. 4.The editing department: o What is editing department: The editing department requires a viewing room, an assembly room, cutting, joining and a film vault for storage. The finished release print is usually brought into the editing department. The good taken are retained and the rest of them are stored in the film store room. The manager is placed in-charge. The persons involved: The chief editor and the assistants. The cameraman or the chief cinematographer. The director or assistant director. o Process: Each day, the producer, the director and the principal members of the production team see the rushes in the lab theatre and satisfy

themselves that no further takes need to be shot of that particular scene. The first editing service is to prepare the rushes for projection in a theatre. The recorded has to match the picture print exactly be in synchronisation and this work is usually carried out by the film assembler. Each shot is carefully numbered according to its position in the story on both picture and sound track when the scene is shot on stage. This enables the assembler to join them in sequence. The reels of film so assembled can then be viewed by the director and editor who decide which, if any, to discard. When an unwanted scene has been removed the editor takes over and begins to edit. When the editing has been done, the edited film is made up in to appropriate reels, with the cuts joined. Picture and sound are still separate. The track consists only dialogue recorded on stage, and the varying conditions under which this had been done produces unevenness in the recordings which have to be rectified. The cutting and splicing stages requires only tables called the cutting table and which are mounted next to the viewing department. A strong overhead light is required for the technician working on the cutting and splicing tables. The film vault is provided for the store of the NG (not good) takes and for the store of the film brought in temporary basis. The entire system is computerised to avoid mixing of the cassettes and any further clashing of dates.

The requirement: S. no 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Components 2 Lounge (0.6 m /person). Reception (delivery N receive) Stock room Administration Editors office Discussion room (2) Staff room Editing room (number of units differs)10 Cutting room (number of units differs)10 Areas -m2 25 m2 12 m2 10 m2 25 m2 40 m2 50 m2 100 m2 100 m2 20 m2 382 m2

9 Store (Film + Equipment) Total built-up area for editing =

5. The DTS Preview theatre: o What is DTS Preview theatre: The purpose of DTS preview theatre is of two types, It is the theatre where mono sound tracks are been converted in to DTS sound track that is in the form of surround sound format. The second purpose of a DTS preview theatre is for the screening of the finished product called the first release print. The story is convinced, pre-production work done, shooting takes place and printing, processing, editing and DTS mixing work done; after the final product is obtained, a preview show is held for all the artists, technicians, and distributors.

o Basic criteria for DTS Pre-view theatre: Capacity: The pre-view show is usually held for the administrative staff, the producers, distributors, the promoters and various financial backers. A motion picture now days are never produced by a single backing authority; but with joint finance of a number of men who prepared to sink money in to the venture. All these promoters who may be from within or from outside the film industry have an unsaid authority to attend the pre-view shows. Their number may vary from 20 to 50. The artists who actually act in the movies attend the pre-view shows. The chief artist is allowed any number of passes as either friends or family while junior artists are allowed a set number. The number may reach 50. The technical staffs like the sound engineers, various lighting consultant and camera men may reach a number of 50. The distributors into whose territories the movies go and the exhibitors who allow the stills to be shown along with other estimated guests would be 80. Thus, the estimated capacity of the pre-view theatre is for 200 persons. Planning of seating facilities: The planning of the seating area to satisfy this requirement is based on satisfactory site lines. The determination of the optimum shape of the seating area will be the result of the following conditions.

 The horizontal movement of polychromatic vision (no eye movement) is about 400. The seating should be within an angle of 900 to the centre of the screen. The vertical angle beyond which the ability to see standard shapes diminishes rapidly is 350(That is the sight line). The length of the last row of seating should be greater than 1.7 times the width of the screen. The minimum distance of the last row of seats from the screen should be within two times the width of the screen. Sight lines: Providing the correct sight lines is the key factor in the design of auditoriums. A correct (00 to 150) slope of the seating called the rake is to be established. The average height of a person while seating is taken as 38 from floor. The minimum height of the eye level of the person seated behind to the top of the head of the person seated immediately in front should be 5. In case of 35 mm the distance of the screen to first row should not be less than 150. But in case of 70 mm projection the distance from the screen to the first row of seats should not be less than 250. From the balcony to the angle of vision to the centre of the screen should not be greater than 100. Also the height difference between each row of seats in the balcony is 8. Staggered seating must be followed in seat arrangement. Straight row seating arrangement and bank type seating arrangement are uncomfortable for the spectators at the sides. The radial curved seating arrangement in form of a fan is ideal. Aisles are not being provided at the centre of the auditorium as the best seats are located there. Railing of the height (minimum) 36 is needed at balcony. No gangway should be less than 40 in width. Standard door widths are 42, 60, 96 and 114. Screen details for theatre: The width of the picture projected on the screen should be about half, at any rate not less than 4/10th of the maximum viewing distance.

 For 70mm or cinemascope film projection the maximum width of the screen should not be more than 20 metres. For 35mm or wide screen projection the screen width should not exceed 12 m. If the films are projected to more than these specified widths, the grains of the film will be visible. The height of the screen is calculated from the Aspect ratio (Height: Width). For 70 mm films = 1 : 2.2 For cinemascope films = 1 : 2.35 For Wide screen films = 1 : 1.75 For cinemascope films = 1 : 1.375 The height of the screen above floor level for films without sub title is 5(maximum) and for films with sub titles it is 6. The height of the line of projection above the floor level of the auditorium should not be less than 2.5 m. Behind the screen a minimum of 6 space is necessary for the speakers. Due to the great width of the picture, the distance from the optical centre for the lens to the edge of the screen is appreciably greater than the distance from the lens to the screen centre. This causes either the outer parts of the projected picture being out of focus when the middle part is in focus or vice versa. To keep the whole picture in focus it becomes necessary to curve the large screen to keep its surface reasonably equidistant from the centre of the lens. The screen curve is a part of the circle drawn by having distance from the centre of the lens to the middle of the screen as radius. The size of the screen is determined by the largest type of picture that will be screened. To this size 80 230 mm is generally added all around to allow for fitting eyelets and rucking of fabric when stretched. Modern screens are of three varieties Matte screen Beaded screen Metallised screen (most preferable)

II.FILM SCHOOL:
General: The norms for space and buildings have been arrived at, based on the functions, a technical institution offering degree or equivalent

program, has to perform. In all the cases, unit norms have been evolved taking the absolute minimum needs, which are indicated as norms. As such the institutions, while envisaging their space and building requirements, must keep their perspectives for development in mind and formulate their plans accordantly. Around the administrative building, classrooms and drawing halls there is considerable movement of students and, therefore, there must be adequate veranda space in this part of the college building so that the classes do not get disturbed. For this reason, the ratio of plinth to carpet area for the normal building may be taken as 1.4, while that for Workshop type of space this ratio will be 1.25. Classification of Building Area: The building area required for a film institution can be classified as instructional area, administrative area, amenities area and residential area. Instructional area will include classrooms, tutorial rooms, drawing halls, laboratories, workshops, computer center, library, instructional resource center, seminar hall etc. Administrative area comprises Principle's room, visitors lounge, staff rooms, college office, departmental offices, stores, conference room, confidential room, etc. Area for amenities consists of common rooms, recreation center, hobby center, and offices for Gymkhana, N.C.C., N.S.S. and Alumni Association, Co-operative Stores, Dispensary, etc. Residential area includes student and staff hostels, staff quarters and guesthouse. S.no 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Courses available as per Tamil nadu film and television institute Diploma in cinematography. Diploma in Film processing. Diploma in Sound recording and Sound engineering. Diploma in Direction and screen play writing. Diploma in Film editing. Diploma in Film acting. Diploma in Art direction Diploma in Graphics & Animation Total Building space for Administrative office: No. Of years 3years 3 years 3 years 3 years 3 years 1 year 2years 2years Intake per year 15students 15students 15students 15students 15students 15students 15 students 15 students 300 students..... Total strength 45 45 45 45 45 15 30 30

The space to be provided for administrative office in technical institution/ college will be as per norms given below: Carpet area Principals office. Store room. Conference hall. Reception office. Administrative office. 1.2 m2 x 120 (intake per year) Maintenance office. Area m2. 25 m2. 20 m2. 30 m2. 25 m2. 108 m2. 30 m2.

Building space for respective department: Room size for theory classes, tutorial work and drawing halls: The carpet area requirement of the class rooms and tutorial rooms depends upon the number and type of seating arrangement for the students and provisions for a platform, a table and a chair for the teacher. In an engineering & technology class, very frequently students make use of a data book, a personal laptop and note book. As such he will require slightly more spacious desk as compared to the requirements of classes for students of general education. Considering the above requirements and the sizes of class room furniture normally used in the institution, the following carpet area norms per student are prcised for class rooms of different sizes and drawing halls. Class rooms for 15 -20 students. Class rooms for 30 -40 students. Class rooms for 60 students. Examination hall for 60 students. Teacher aids: Every class room should be provided by an over head projector (OHP). In addition, VCR, TV and Video cassettes of various educational programmes should also be available. Other spaces in the department: Carpet area Head of the department. Area m2. 20 m2. 1.3 : 1.5 1.2 : 1.4 1.1 : 1.3 2.5 : 2.3

Department office. Faculty norms 10 per student Library (department). Seminar hall. Store. Building space for amenities:

25 m2. 30 m2. 30 m2. 10 m2.

The minimum unavoidable requirements for amenities for normal functioning of the institute are given below along with the norms for the building space. Students activity centre: This will consist of provisions for the indoor games, gymnasium, dramatics and alumni centre etc. the norms for building are 0.25 m2 per student. Open air theatre: The norms are 4000 m2 with 50 m2 rooms and aids. Toilet blocks: The college building and the hostels will be provided with adequate number of toilet blocks with urinals, lavatories and washbasins. It will also be necessary to provide separately one toilet block for women in the college building. For education building hostel 10 m2 for each 100 student population 75 m2 for each unit of 120 students. Cycle and scooter stand: This will be provided as open or covered area at the rate of 15% of the plinth area of the college building. Play field: The facilities anticipated are athletics-tracks, cricket field, a foot ball field, a hockey field, a volley ball court, a basket ball court, four badminton courts and a tennis court. The norms for above space will be a total of 25,000 m2.

 Building space for residential area: The hostel requirements depends on the variety of factors like the location of the institution, the region from which students are admitted, local availability of accommodation and that of transport. Though, the requirement for residences for the teachers and other employees of the institution also depend upon these factors but at the same time it is necessary to provide an attraction to the new teachers from far of places by providing suitable accommodation at the campus. Hostels for students: Location of college hostel strength within 20 km of a large city. 25% of boys and 50% of girls enrolment. Other locations 50% of boys and 100% of girls enrolment. The first year students will be accommodated in triple seated rooms while others will be given single seated rooms. The norms for the room areas will be as below: Carpet area Area in m2 Single room 9 Triple seated room 20 The other building space needed in hostel unit will be as per norms given below: Carpet area Kitchen and dining hall (0.8 m2/student) Indoor games cum Common hall Medical room Area in M2 145 150 50 (for all hostels) 15 18* 18*

Canteen Warden Office Guest Room (2 nos.) (* Four addition rooms of 9 m2. each within the hostel blocks) Staff Residences:

The minimum residential accommodation that should exist in the campus should be for the Principal, all Heads of Departments, all Wardens and the essential staff including a Caretaker, an electrician, a driver, a water supply operator and chowkidars. The building space for residences will be as per norms given below: Staff Area in M2

Principal Professor Asst. Professor/Lecturer Class III staff Class IV staff Teachers Hostel:

140 100 80 30 20

It will be desirable to have a hostel type accommodation for 25% strength of the teachers with the norms of 30 m2. Carpet area per teacher inclusive of an attached toiled room. Guest Houses: To meet the needs of the guests visiting the institution for official work and the parents visiting the students it will be necessary to have a guest house.

SITE-SRIPERUMBUDHUR A Jeppiar site proposal for film city, Amusement park and knowledge city. A huge area divided into 3 parts. The film city area is about 215 acres LOCATION Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. Chennai, the capital of the state of Tamil nadu is situated in the south eastern part of the Indian peninsula. It covers a sprawling area of 174 kms.Geographically it lies between 12*19 and 13*9of the northern latitude and 80*19of the southern longitude and is on the shores of Bay of Bengal Chennai-the Gate way of southern India, is the ideal starting point of our voyage of discovery in Tamil nadu, and other parts of the south. Sriperumbudur is a panchayat town in Kancheepuram district in the Indian state of Tamil nadu. Sriperumbudur is strategically placed on ChennaiBangalore highway, just about 40kms from the city, the offers all that the

international giants want their business running in the country. Sriperumbudur offers all facilities that this company wants. CLIMATE Chennai is basically a tropical city. Proximity to the sea brings in the cool breeze much to relief of the scorched Chennai. Normally Chennai records in a day 36.5C maximum and 20.8C.Average rainfall is 1215m. VISITING CHENNAI The best time to visit Chennai is during April-May and December-February TOPOGRAPHY Chennai is a low- lying area and the land surface is almost flat like a pancake. It raises slightly as the distance from the sea-shore increases but the average elevation of the city is not more than 22 above mean sea-level, while most of the localities are just at sea-level and drainage in such areas remains a serious problem. From very early times, Chennai was known for its pleasant scenery and was said to be a town open to sky and full of gardens of mangoes, coconuts, guavas, oranges, etc. HOW TO REACH Since Chennai has an excellent network of rail, road, air and water. To reach is easy. The best way to reach Sriperumbudur is by road. It is located on the Tambarm -Kancheepuram highway. SOIL TYPE The major soil types found in zone can be grouped as Vertic Haplustalf having soil colour ranging from dark greying, Udic haplustalf having colour ranging from light yellowish brown to brownish, Vertic ustocherpts with the colour ranging from light grey to dark, red soil late rite soil, river alluvium and alluvial soil. VEGETATION The vegetation is mostly wild grass, palm trees, planted coconut trees etc. WIND Wind velocity is lowest during the months of Oct, Nov. from Oct-Mar.

Wind blows generally from north easterly and easterly directions. South westerly and westerly winds predominate from May to September. The skies are generally clear or lightly clouded from January to middle of April. The cloudiness increases thereafter and the skies remain generally clouded from June to December.

REQUIREMENTS Aim: The main aim of Film City is to provide ultimate destination for film education, film makings, holidays recreation, corporate conferences, events, theme parties, adventure camps, family picnics and grand weddings. BASIC ZONING OF AREAS: Open To Public: Archives , Out Door Sets, Administration/Museum/Photo gallery etc.......... Non-Open To Public (or partially open): The Film School, The Film Making, Housing & Other amenities. 1) FILM SCHOOL: o Administrative block Entrance lobby, Gallery space, Chair person Room, Directors Room, Accounts section, Office, Conference halls. o Common facilities Lobby Banking Extension Office Cubicles Medical Centre(containing pharmacy, Consultation)

o o

Post Office Gift Shop Internet Hub Super Market Students activity centre Indoor Swimming Pool Gymnasium, Lockers, Trainers Room Alumni Office Meeting Hall Other Interactive & Informal Spaces Informal Seating & Plazas Indoor Games Main theatre & Auditorium Academic block Class Rooms Computer Labs Seminar Halls Workshops Store Room Library Direction department Teaching & Discussion Halls HOD Room Staff Room Informal Discussion Halls Cinematography department Teaching & Discussion Halls HOD Room Staff Room Shooting Halls Film Storages Studios Make-up Room Set Design Room Film & Processing department Teaching & Discussion Halls HOD Room Staff Room Video Processing Unit

 Processing Lab o Acting Department Teaching & Discussion Halls HOD Room Staff Room Acting Classes Costume & Make-up Room o Audiography ( Sound Department) Teaching & Discussion Halls HOD Room Staff Room Sound Engineer Room Sound Transference Control Room Electronic Lab Electrical Room Equipments Storage Tape Storage Re-Recording Theatre o Editing Department Teaching & Discussion Halls HOD Room Staff Room Video Editing Film Editing Video Tape Storage o Accommodation for Staffs and Students 2) FILM MAKING DEPARTMRNT: I. Editing Department a. Lounge (0.6 m2/person). b. Reception (delivery N receive) c. Stock room d. Administration Editors office e. Discussion room f. Staff room g. Editing room (number of units differs) h. Cutting room (number of units differs) i. Store (Film + Equipment) II. Processing Department

I.Processing Lab The processing lab must have the follow: a. Dark room for loading b. Printing Rooms c. Row stock Store d. Negative Store e. Chemical Store f. Mixing Tanks g. Analytical lab h. Replenishing Tank i. Air Conditioning j. Water Chilling Tanks Dubbing theatre a. Recording hall b. Sound mixer control room c. Sound transfer machine room d. Sound library room e. Managers cabin f. Staff room g. Lobby + Reception + Lounge Recording studio a. Lobby + waiting + reception b. V.I.P lounge with washroom facilities c. Managers cabin + toilet d. Staff room e. Recording hall f. Brass section g. Wind section h. Voice room i. Rhythm room j. Sound mixer control room k. Machine room l. Equipment store m. Projection room n. Rewind room Shooting floor or studio: a. Shooting halls b. workshop c. make-up, change room, rehearsal hall and toilets d. Art work + animation dept

III.

IV.

V.

e. f. g. h. VI.

Storage Administrative department Services facilities Kitchen services

DTS Preview theatre:

3). Recreation facilities: 1. Holidays facilities: Hotels: Budget rooms Mid prize rooms Luxury suites Honeymoon suites Corporate suite 2. Wedding facilities: Banquet -of both open and closed type (Theme banquet) 3. Corporate facilities: (trade shows, meetings and conferences, to product launches, dealer meets, training programs, workshops and corporate parties.) Conference halls different capacities(Theme halls) Convention halls different capacities(Theme halls) 4.Merchandising facilities: Resin Products General Products Decorative & fancy Products Apparels Impulsive Products

5.Other amenities: Film City - The land of movies, entertainment and magic, it has everything that dreams are made of. Offering unlimited fun, thrill and excitement, its a great visual extravaganza. Experience and get enthralled by its exquisite and lavish gardens, spell binding movie sets, spectacular attractions, enchanting entertainment shows, food, shopping, unmatched hospitality,

Unmatched hospitality, and of course the glitz and glamour of the silver screen - The ultimate holiday destination for the entire family. Gardens & Fountains Fun & Play Areas Sets Areas Entertainment Shows Food Courts #Gardens & Fountains: Film City is exquisitely landscaped with numerous breathtakingly beautiful gardens, shimming with exotic flora. Every garden is sure to leave you spellbound. The majestic lush green tracts and the colourful magnificence of these gardens will usher you to a special realm, far away from all distractions. Every minute spent here is rejuvenating and soothing. Beautiful gardens are complemented with exotic fountains that are simply a treat to watch and experience. #Fun & Play Areas: Fun and play is provided with exciting rides especially for children, incredible variety of fun attractions that'll bring a smile to every face in your family, big and little folks alike. # Sets Areas: A blend of landscapes and cityscapes ranging from the pastoral to the metropolitan, wild shrubbery to beautiful manicured lawns, rivulets, fountains, palaces, shopping plazas, an airport terminal, railway station, police outpost, churches, mosques, temples, chateaus, rural complexes, urban dwellings, gateways and much more.

#Entertainment Shows: Non-stop entertainment at every run! To keep the fun going we have for you some of the most exciting entertainment shows. #Food Courts: Take a break from the action and enjoy tasty foods and beverages designed to appeal kids and families alike. Specialized theme-based restaurants and food courts offer outstanding cuisine and a dining experience to remember, there's something for everyone.