Littering is a massive problem in this world nowadays. It was also a major problem faced by the Malaysian Government.

By adopting from the Wikipedia, encyclopedia, it says that: Litter consist of waste product that have been disposed improperly, without consent, in an appropriate location. To litter on the other side means throwing objects onto the ground and leave them as opposed to disposing of them properly People sometimes misconceptions about what constitutes litter. They think that if an item is organic (and will "turn into dirt") it's alright to throw it anywhere. Banana peels, apple cores, and the like, are just some things that come to mind on this one. However in reality, throwing garbage around, organic or otherwise is littering. And as the result of it, environment is adversely affected by it. What is the cause of this problem? The study show about half of litter in US is cause by accidental or unintentional litter. Besides, the increasing of population and proximity to waste disposal sites is also known one of the factor that causing the issue. A study done by the Dutch organization VROM, almost 80 percent people claimed that they had left papers, cans or other things on the street behind. The action taken by the authorities was also a cause that contributing this problem. Negligent or lenient law enforcement shows the littering behaviour. Inconvenience and economic conditions were also the factor that causes littering. In other words, the presence of litter could increase the littering problem. Littering can cause major impacts not only to the environment also to animal and human.

Litter become a harmful effect on the world's oceans and marine ecosystems. Thousands of tonnes of litter and manmade debris are deposited into the ocean every year. The litter can form huge conglomerated masses. Litter will be sinks at the bottom of reefs and the ocean floor, disrupting the natural ecosystem processes. Marine life will mistakenly eat the litter that can cause severe health effects or death. Sea creatures sometimes, can get trapped or entangled in plastics, nets, line or other objects. Much litter is either deposited directly into waterways or is blown by the wind and ends up there. Waterways are delicate ecosystems and the presence of large amounts of litter can have devastating effects. Sometimes, small streams can be clogged up by the detritus and once healthy flowing streams become choked off, stagnant pools. It also contains the toxins which can be found in a lot of litter, which seeps into the water that can poison marine life. As a result of it also, the ocean creatures get trapped and entangled in all manner of items. Litter containing dangerous chemical such as toxins which is harmful to animal and plant life. Cigarette butts for example contain hundreds of toxic chemicals and each year millions are discarded onto the ground. They take years to disappear and all the while their toxic chemicals seeps into the earth and contaminate the soils. Garbage also releases toxins and the cumulative effect of all this leakage into the soil means much reduced health and fertility of the land. Litter has many other side-effects that impact on ecosystems .Illegally dumped rubbish such as scrap tires can become a breeding ground for insects vectors which can transmit disease to humans. Insects especially mosquitoes that commonly bread in stagnant water can cause Malaria. Meanwhile, Hantavirus, is also being transmitted by rodent nests which affected by littering. Similarly large areas of waste and litter can rot and become festering areas that attract rats and other scavenging creatures.

One of the obvious effects of littering is the negative impact it has on the appearance of an area. In some cases, littering make the places looks dirty and unsightly, making it a less pleasant environment for those that live in or use it. Litter that accumulates also smelly further reduces the attractiveness of a location. When littering becomes common place in an area, it sends the message that the practice is acceptable, resulting in people continuing to discard litter carelessly. Littering can have a direct impact on human health. Food, packaging, and other materials left to rot provide a fertile breeding ground in which bacteria thrives, resulting in a health hazard for those that come into contact with it. Litter can also create safety problems, with items such as broken glass bottles and metal cans having the potential to cause injury to anyone that steps or falls on it. Litter can have a negative impact on both land- and water-dwelling wildlife. Problems include animals ingesting inedible materials such as plastic packaging and cigarette butts. Other than that, eaten in sufficient quantities, these materials may prove fatal by poisoning the animal or causing it to starve by blocking its intestinal tract. Another wildlife hazard involves entanglement, where an animal gets trapped in debris such as six-pack rings and plastic packaging. This affects movement, feeding and breathing with fatal consequences if the animal cannot free itself. Litter poses a fire hazard, and this is especially so with regard to cigarette and cigar butts. Discarding a butt without fully extinguishing it has the potential to start a fire, and this can have a severe effect in outdoor locations such as forests and woodlands as well as enclosed locations like sports stadiums. In enclosed locations, litter accumulating below seats and standing areas may irritate the problem by enabling a fire to catch and spread more rapidly.

Another big impact of litter is the cost to society. Millions of dollars are spent every year by state and local governments, parks, schools, and businesses to pick up litter. A 2009 litter cost survey organized by Keep America Beautiful (kab.org) indicated that the annual cost of cleaning up litter in the United States was around $11.5 billion. This affects organizations such as businesses, city councils, local communities, and educational facilities, making the money used for litter clean up not available for more positive use. To improve the situation, existing laws should be strictly enforced. Besides, the authorities should recruited more officers as to make sure their will carry out the duties strictly. Hefty fines and lengthy jail sentences must be done just to show the public that the government really serious about keeping the country clean. In addition, Malaysian Government has to educate the public on the effects of littering and how they can play their in solving this major issue. Prevention campaign is a way to begin. The mass media should publish the ugly news together with photographs showing the massive of rubbish that spoiled the reputation of Malaysia. Other than that, the media also should highlight the efforts of the government to keep our environmental clean. By doing this, people will be aware how seriously the government do care about littering. The love of cleanliness should be taught at the earliest possible stage, in short words as soon as the child is able to understand why it is important to be clean. In this case the home and the school will have an important role to play. Cleanliness also can be a compulsory subject in school or as a part of syllabus in Moral education. Besides studying the theory of cleanliness, pupils should also test on the practical part of it. In other hands, we should throwing the rubbish routine and not to pile up the rubbish. By practising this kind of method, we can easily preventing the rubbish become the major factor of littering. Conventional wisdom says that if everyone were to just pick up x amount of litter a day, then, before long, it would all be gone. So how come that solution has never been tried?