ORGANIC COMPOUND -consist of carbon -carbohydrates,proteins,nucleic acids,lipids -come from living thing INORGANIC COMPOUND -doesnt contain carbon

-water -but for those compunds which contains carbon and found in nature readily are al so inorganic compounds ____________________________________________________________________ CHEMICAL COMPOUND-[carbohydrate,protein,lipid,nucleic acid,water] -as for all subtances on earth, chemical compound that are found in cells also m ade up of elements.. -elements such as carbon,oxygen,hydrogen,nitrogen,sulphur and phosphorus CARBOHYDRATES-carbon, hydrogen,oxygen[C6H12O6] LIPIDS-carbon,hydrogen,oxygen NUCLEIC ACIDS-carbon,hydrogen,oxygen PROTEINS-carbon,hydrogen,oxygen,nitrogen,sulphur,phosphorus WATER-hydrogen and oxygen[H2O] _____________________________________________________________________ FUNCTIONS OF ELEMENTS [IN CELL] *CARBON,HYDROGEN,OXYGEN,NITROGEN-sythesise organic compund *SODIUM>animal cell-for the transmission of nerve impulse[use for the contractio n and relaxation of muscles^physicalmovement] >plant cell-doesnt required[could not carry out physical movem ent] *SULPHUR-a component of protein[very small quantity] *MAGNESIUM>animal cell-involved in the synthesise of protein >plant cell-for the synthesise of chlorophyll [major component of chlorophyll consist of magnesium, so when a plant has a lack in ma gnesium it could not make chlorophyll, and the plant's colour wont b in green ra ther yellow] +CALCIUM AND PHOSPHORUS COMBINE TO FORM HARD SUBTANCES like teeth and bones] *CALCIUM>animal cell-formation of bones and teeth >plant cell-formation of cell wall [cell wall-also hard sub tance which is made up cellulose which helped by calcium to make it stronger] *PHOSPHORUS>animal cell-formation of bones and teeth and sythesis ATP >plant cell-synthesise ATP[adenosine thride phosphat e-major component of phosphate is phophorus]-ATP is a form of energy >animals n plants need phosphorus bcoz both of us nee d energy in the form of lipids ___________________________________________________________________ CARBOHDRATES -major source of energy in cells -consist of[saccharide-another term for sugar] *SACCHARIDE are three types MONOsaccharide,DIsaccharide and POLYsaccharide *carbon,hydrogen and oxygen would combine together to form a saccharide -MONOSACCHARIDES-building block of carbohydrate, it means carbohyfrates made up of monosccharides -glucose GLUCOSE -important bcuz energy tht we required for growth is obtain from glucose -the main substrate for respiration is glucose...other than glucose other saccha ride,proteins,lipids also can combine with oxygen in respiration to produce ener

gy in the form of ATP -glucose contain energy in its molecule...the energy in the molecule need to b r eleased by a process called respiration.... -respiration-glucose combines with oxygen..an oxidation process occur and as a r esult energy is released in the form of ATP -the lack of glucose in body-defiency of energy which allow a person to hv stunt ed growth[cannot grow completely] -will cuz a person to not be energe tic/be very tired -brain needs energy produced by gluco se, if not it will lead us to a stage in which the brain could nt work known as coma ____________________________________________________________________ PROTEINS -amino acids made up proteins -carbohydtare and protein have the same amount of energy -replace dead/damaged cells -produce energy -synthesise certain hormones,enzymes and antibodies -required for growth..-lack of protein in ur diet will cause stunted growth -THE MOST IMPORTANT FUNCTION OF PROTEINS IS SYNTHESISE ENZYMES...WITHOUT ENZYMES ALL LIVING THINGS CANNOT STAY ALIVE BCOZ ALL BIOCHEMICAL REACTIONS[DIGESTION,CE LL RESPIRATION] IN THE BODY CARRY OUT BY ENZYMES ___________________________________________________________________ LIPIDS/fats -source of energy -provides physical protection to major organs -solvent for fat soluble vitamins like A,D,E,K -lipids acts as heat insulator -found beneath our skin as a heat insulator tht p reventing us from losing heat and around organs to maintain its temperature 37 w hich is very importants bcuz enzymes will work efficiently at this temperature d egree celcius -major component in plasma membrane-phospholipid bilayer -2 times the energy amount compared to carbohydrates QUESTION-If lipids has 2 times the energy amount compared to carbohydrate than w hy we r using carbohydrate as the main source? ANSWER- This is because lipids has so many functions and it could nt only concen trate to the function of providing energy only...if it does there would b lack o f lipids tht acts as heat insulator,plama membrane -cholestrol important in plasma membrane to make it more stable -protect internal organs from damage _____________________________________________________________________ NUCLEIC ACIDS-carry genetic information -two types-RNA & DNA....both can be found in nucleus[DNA] and cytoplasm[RNA]-co ntains genetic information ____________________________________________________________________ WATER -medium for biochemical reaction in the body and in the cell -maintain body temperature-if ur body temp is more thn 37 u will start to sweat and the sweat will evaporate into the surrounding and ur body temp reduces -providing moisture -transport medium-for exm-ur blood contains mineral,gases and many substance and it need to be carried from one part to another part of ur body..this required w ater as a medium of transport -lubrication-it lubricates our oesophagus to carry the food...water stimulates t he oesophagues and make it secretes mucus[slippery fluid] which would make the s urface of the oesophagus slippery and moves the food through it easily -providing support for herbaceous plants which dont hv woody stem...if a herbace ous plant has enough water it would stand erect bcuz its turgid but it doesnt co ntain enough water than it would wilt

-70-90 mass of cell is water -universal solvent bcuz the polarities of the water enable it to dissolve substa nces..for exm sodium(+) chloride (-) reacts with water which contains hydroxide ions(-) and hydrogen(+) will be attracted to the opposite charges, thus sodium c hloride dissolve in water -maintains stable internal enviroment..for exm-osmotic pressure and temperature *blood pressure-amount of pressure in blood *osmotic pressure-amount of concentration of water compared to solute...exmL:if a person hv alot of water he has low osmotic pressure and when a person has low amount of water compared to solute he would hv high osmotic pressure..