Abfort Associates

2 Gbadebo Estate, off Ife Road

Alakia
Ibadan
Project Job Ref.
Section Sheet no./rev.
1
Calc. by
A
Date
2/22/2013
Chk'd by Date App'd by Date
GABION RETAINING WALL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN (BS8002:1994)
TEDDS calculation version 1.1.02
1 1 - 2500 mm 1000 mm
2
2 - 1000 mm 1000 mm
500
3
3 - 700 mm 1000 mm
75
4
4 - 500 mm 1000 mm
75
10
0
3
8
2
5
-96.1kN/m
2
270.4kN/m
2
10
0
4
3
4
3
60kN/m
2
70.8
0
Wall geometry
Width of gabion 1; w1 = 2500 mm
Height of gabion 1; h1 = 1000 mm
Width of gabion 2; w2 = 1000 mm
Height of gabion 2; h2 = 1000 mm
Step to front face between 1 and 2; s2 = 500 mm
Width of gabion 3; w3 = 700 mm
Height of gabion 3; h3 = 1000 mm
Step to front face between 2 and 3; s3 = 75 mm
Width of gabion 4; w4 = 500 mm
Height of gabion 4; h4 = 1000 mm
Step to front face between 3 and 4; s4 = 75 mm
Wall inclination; c = 10 deg
Wall fill
Gabion fill unit weight; d = 16 kN/m
3
Centre of gravity
Horizontal distance to centre of gravity gabion 1; xg1 = w1 / 2 = 1250 mm
Horizontal distance to centre of gravity gabion 2; xg2 = w2 / 2 + s2 = 1000 mm
Horizontal distance to centre of gravity gabion 3; xg3 = w3 / 2 + s2 + s3 = 925 mm
Horizontal distance to centre of gravity gabion 4; xg4 = w4 / 2 + s2 + s3 + s4 = 900 mm
Vertical distance to centre of gravity gabion 1; yg1 = h1 / 2 = 500 mm
Vertical distance to centre of gravity gabion 2; yg2 = h2 / 2 + h1 = 1500 mm
Vertical distance to centre of gravity gabion 3; yg3 = h3 / 2 + h1 + h2 = 2500 mm
Abfort Associates
2 Gbadebo Estate, off Ife Road
Alakia
Ibadan
Project Job Ref.
Section Sheet no./rev.
2
Calc. by
A
Date
2/22/2013
Chk'd by Date App'd by Date
Vertical distance to centre of gravity gabion 4; yg4 = h4 / 2 + h1 + h2 + h3 = 3500 mm
Weight of gabion 1; Wg1 = d w1 h1 = 40.0 kN/m
Weight of gabion 2; Wg2 = d w2 h2 = 16.0 kN/m
Weight of gabion 3; Wg3 = d w3 h3 = 11.2 kN/m
Weight of gabion 4; Wg4 = d w4 h4 = 8.0 kN/m
Weight of entire gabion; Wg = Wg1 + Wg2 + Wg3 + Wg4 = 75.2 kN/m
Horiz distance to centre of gravity entire gabion; xg = ((Wg1 xg1) + (Wg2 xg2) + (Wg3 xg3) + (Wg4 xg4)) / Wg = 1111
mm
Vert distance to centre of gravity entire gabion; yg = ((Wg1 yg1) + (Wg2 yg2) + (Wg3 yg3) + (Wg4 yg4)) / Wg = 1330
mm
Correcting for wall inclination horiz dist; Xg = xg cos(c) + yg sin(c) = 1325 mm
Vertical change in height due to wall inclination; Hf = yg4 + h4/2 - ((yg4 + h4/2) cos(c) - (xg4 + w4/2) sin(c)) = 260 mm
Calculate effective height of wall
Effective height of wall;
H = (yg4 + h4 / 2) + (w1 sin(c)) - Hf + [cos (90 o) sin (| + c) w4]/ sin [180 (o + |)] = 4343 mm
Height of wall from toe to front edge of top gabion; Hincl = ((yg4 + h4 / 2) cos(c) - (xg4 - (w4/ 2)) sin(c)) = 3826mm
Calculate the angle of rear plane of wall
Effective angle of rear plane of wall; o =Atan [(yg4 + (h4 / 2)) / (w1 (xg4 + (w4/ 2)))] + c = 81.4 deg
Calculate the effective face angle
Effective face angle; u = Atan [(yg4 + (h4 / 2)) / ((xg4 - (w4/ 2)))] - c = 70.8 deg
Soil parameters
Slope of retained soil; | = 10.0 deg
Mobilization factor; M = 1.2
Internal angle of friction for retained soil; | = 25.7 deg
Saturated density of retained soil; s = 19 kN/m
3
Coefficient for wall friction; K = 0.9
Wall friction; o = | K = 23.1 deg
Design angle of base friction; ob = 36.8 deg
Bearing capacity of founding soil; q = 280 kN/m
2
Active Pressure using Coulomb Theory;
Ka = (sin(o + |)
2
)/[(sin(o))
2
sin(o - o) (1+\[(sin(| + o) sin(| - |)) / (sin(o - o) sin(o + |))])
2
] = 0.496
Loading
Surcharge; po = 60 kN/m
2
Surcharge loading as equiv height of soil; hs = po / s = 3243 mm
Active thrust due to soil; Pa,soil = 0.5 Ka s H
2
= 86.5 kN/m
Active thrust due to surcharge; Pa,surch = po Ka H = 129.2 kN/m
Total active thrust; Pa = Pa,soil + Pa,surch = 215.7 kN/m
Total thrust resolved horizontally; Ph = Pa cos(90 - o + o) = 183.3 kN/m
Total thrust resolved vertically; Pv = Pa sin(90 - o + o) = 113.6 kN/m
Height above toe thrust acts if o is 0; dh,soil = H (H + 3 hs) / (3 (H + 2 hs)) = 1881 mm
Height above toe thrust acts; dh = dh,soil w1 sin(c) = 1447 mm
Horiz distance to where thrust acts; bv = w1 cos(c) (dh,soil / tan (o)) = 2176mm
Overturning stability take moments about the toe
Overturning moment; Mo = Ph dh = 265.3 kNm/m
Abfort Associates
2 Gbadebo Estate, off Ife Road
Alakia
Ibadan
Project Job Ref.
Section Sheet no./rev.
3
Calc. by
A
Date
2/22/2013
Chk'd by Date App'd by Date
Restoring moment; MR = (Pv bv) + (Wg Xg) = 346.8 kNm/m
Factor of safety for overturning; Fo,M = MR / Mo = 1.31
Min allowable factor of safety for overturning; Fo,M,min = 1.00
PASS - Design FOS for overturning exceeds min allowable FOS for overturning
Sliding stability ignore any passive pressure infront of structure
Total vertical force; N = Wg + Pv = 188.8 kN/m
Total horizontal force; T = Ph = 183.3 kN/m
Sliding force; Ff = T cos (c) N sin (c) = 147.8 kN/m
Resistance to sliding; FR = (N cos (c) + T sin (c)) tan (ob) = 162.9 kN/m
Factor of safety for sliding; Fo,S = FR / Ff = 1.10
Min allowable factor of safety for sliding; Fo,S,min = 1.00
PASS - Design FOS for sliding exceeds min allowable FOS for sliding
Pressure at base
Force normal to base; Ns = (N cos (c) + T sin (c)) = 217.8 kN/m
Eccentricity; e = (w1 / 2) (MR Mo) / Ns = 876 mm
WARNING outside scope of calculation - reaction acts outside middle third of base
Pressure at toe; otoe = (Ns / w1) (1 + (6 e / w1)) = 270.2 kN/m
2
Pressure at heel; oheel = (Ns / w1) (1 - (6 e / w1 )) = -96.0 kN/m
2
PASS - Allowable bearing pressure exceeds max design pressure to base