Sie sind auf Seite 1von 184

8:+s|||+ ||

.010
Nova gerao
de poltica em cincia,
tecnologia e inovao
Seminrio internacional
Centro de G esto e Estudos Estratgicos ( CG EE)
Nova gerao de poltica em cincia, tecnologia e inovao. SEM INRIO INTERNACIO NAL
ISBN - 978.85.60755.23-3
Presidenta
Lucia Carvalho Pinto de Melo
Diretor Executivo
Marcio de Miranda Santos
Diretores
Antonio Carlos Filgueira Galvo
Fernando Cosme Rizzo Assuno
Edio/Tatiana de Carvalho Pires
Design Grco/Eduardo Oliveira
Diagramao/Camila Maia
Centro de G esto e Estudos Estratgicos
SCN Q d 2, Bl. A, Ed. Corporate Financial Center sala 1102
70712-900, Braslia, DF
Telefone: ( 61) 3424.9600
http://www.cgee.org.br
Esta publicao parte integrante das atividades desenvolvidas no mbito do Contrato de G esto CG EE 15
Termo Aditivo/Ao: Nova G erao de Poltica Cientfica e Tecnolgica-51.43.1/M CT/2009.
Todos os direitos reservados pelo Centro de G esto e Estudos Estratgicos ( CG EE) . O s textos contidos
nesta publicao podero ser reproduzidos, armazenados ou transmitidos, desde que citada a fonte.
Impresso em 2010
C389n
Nova gerao de poltica em cincia, tecnologia e inovao:
Seminrio Internacional - Braslia, DF : Centro de G esto e Estudos
Estratgicos, 2010.
182 p.; il, 24 cm
ISBN - 978.85.60755.23-3
1. Polticas e governo - Brasil. 2. Inovao Tecnolgica. I. CG EE. II.
Ttulo.
CDU 6:338.45 ( 81)
Nova gerao de poltica
em cincia, tecnologia e inovao
Seminrio internacional
Superviso
|uc|+ C+:v+||o ||nto oc |c|o
Consultores
|c+ |+:|+ :t:|n| Vc||o (coo:ocn+oo:+)
^no:c |u|z :|c+ oc C+m,os
C|c||+ ||:+g|bc
|||z+bct| 8+|b+c|cvs|y
:uz+n | Cozzcns
Equipe Tcnica CGEE
|c:n+no+ ^nton|+ |onscc+ :ob:+|
|ugo |+u|o | | V|c|:+

Sumrio
Apresentao
|uc|+ C+:v+||o ||nto oc |c|o
Introduo
^ |o||t|c+ c|cnt|c+ tccno|og|c+ c oc |nov+io b+sc+o+ cm cv|ocnc|+
+ vc||+ c + nov+ gc|+io
|c+ |+:|+ |cmc :t:|n| Vc||o
Modos de produo de conhecimento e inovao. Estado da arte
e implicaes para a poltica cientfica, tecnolgica e de inovao
|c+ |+:|+ |cmc :t:|n| Vc||o
Science and Innovation Policy Studies in the United States:
Past and Present
:us+n | Cozzcns
Processos decisrios em poltica cientfica, tecnolgica
e de inovao no brasil: anlise crtica
|||z+bct| 8+|b+c|cvs|y
Cincia da poltica cientfica e de inovao do reino unido:
o caso do ECONOMIC and social research council (ESRC)
^no:c |u|z :|c+ oc C+m,os
Cincia, tecnologia e inovao na Califrnia:
a perspectiva empresarial
C|c||+ ||:+g|bc
Anexos
|:og:+m+ oo cvcnto
^,:cscnt+cs cm ||c:oso|t |owc: |o|nt
7
Apresentao
|+ +tu+||o+oc c+m|n|+-sc +|+ um+ c|ccio convc|gcntc cm n|vc| |ntc|n+c|on+| oc uc +
comct|t|v|o+oc oc u+|uc| n+io occnoc oc su+ c++c|o+oc oc |oouz|| c ut|||z+| novos con-
|cc|mcntos |o| |sso + m+|o||+ oos +|scs |nvcstc |ccu|sos ub||cos c ||v+oos cm |og|+m+s c
+t|v|o+ocs uc busc+m |oouz|| novos con|cc|mcntos c gc|+| |nov+io |nt|ct+nto ouco sc
tcm con|cc|mcnto oc u+nto c ncccss+||o |nvcst|| c cm u+|s |+to|cs +|+ +umcnt+| +s c|+nccs
oc oco||cnc|+ oc |nov+io o+o+ + |+|t+ oc cv|ocnc|+ cm|||c+ sob|c t+|s |occssos O |csu|t+oo c
+ b+|x+ c++c|o+oc oc |ocnt|c+| c c|ct|v+mcntc |cvc| como os |nvcst|mcntos cm |oouio oc
con|cc|mcnto c oc gc|+io oc |nov+io oocm +|ct+| + comct|t|v|o+oc o+s n+ocs c o bcm-
cst+| oc su+ ou|+io
|os |st+oos |n|oos o| cxcm|o css+ |cocu+io ocu o||gcm +o |og|+m+ c||+oo c|+
|+t|on+| c|cncc |ouno+t|on c|+m+oo c|cncc |o| c|cncc +no |nnov+t|on |o||cy uc tcm
como ob,ct|vo |omcnt+| o ocscnvo|v|mcnto oc con|cc|mcnto tco||+s o+oos |c||+mcnt+s c
c+|t+| |um+no ncccss+||o +|+ cu|t|v+| um+ nov+ c|cnc|+ o+ o||t|c+ c|cnt|||c+ c oc |nov+io
(c|||) |+ |u|o+ + mcsm+ |cocu+io tcm s|oo cnoc|c+o+ c|+ c||+io oc |og|+m+s
c|+ Com|ssio |u|oc|+ cnt|c os u+|s sc ocst+c+m o |u|oc+n |csc+|c| ^|c+ (||^) c o
||o|nno |scc|||c+mcntc no |c|no |n|oo |n|c|+t|v+s ncstc scnt|oo tcm s|oo c+|t+nc+o+s
c|o oc|+| +no |conom|c |csc+|c| Couc|| uc cm scu |+nc,+mcnto cst|+tcg|co +|+ o
c||ooo .oo,-.o+| c||ou cx||c|t+mcntc um |og|+m+ +|+ v|ncu|+| + csu|s+ cconom|c+ c
soc|+| +os ob,ct|vos o+s o||t|c+s ub||c+s
Com b+sc no cxosto o Ccnt|o oc Ccstio c |stuoos c |st|+tcg|cos (CC||) cm cum||mcnto
su+ m|ssio |nst|tuc|on+| oc subs|o|+| o||t|c+s c cst|+tcg|+s cm C| occ|o|u o|g+n|z+| um cstu-
oo-||oto com o ob,ct|vo oc |n|c|+| um o|+|ogo com + comun|o+oc |c|cv+ntc no ||+s|| +|+ |+n+|
+s b+scs +|+ + c||+io oc um |og|+m+ oc csu|s+ no +|s uc busuc +) cntcnoc| os con-
tcxtos +s cst|utu|+s c os |occssos o+ csu|s+ c|cnt|c+ c tccno|og|c+ .) ocscnvo|vc| mooc|os
cx||c+t|vos sob|c + t|+ns|o|m+io oc con|cc|mcnto cm |csu|t+oos cconom|cos c soc|+|s ,) oc-
scnvo|vc| mc||o|+| c cx+no|| mooc|os c |c||+mcnt+s +n+||t|c+s |nc|u|noo b+scs oc o+oos uc
oss+m sc| +||c+o+s cm |occssos occ|so||os c oc +v+||+io oc o||t|c+ c|cnt|c+ c oc |nov+io
|) c||+| oo|tun|o+ocs oc |o|m+io oc cscc|+||st+s uc tcn|+m como |oco + c|cnc|+ +|+ o||t|c+
c|cnt|c+ c o+ |nov+io
8
Centro de G esto e Estudos Estratgicos
Cincia, Tecnologia e Inovao
Apresentao
|ssc ||v|o |cunc os |ooutos ocss+s ou+s +ocs oo CC|| |cct|noo +s |oc|+s +|cscnt+o+s c o|scut|-
o+s no scm|n+||o |ntc|n+c|on+| sob|c |ov+ Cc|+io oc |o||t|c+s oc C|cnc|+ ccno|og|+ c oc |nov+-
io (|C|) |c+||z+oo cm m+|o oc .o+o uc cong|cgou cscc|+||st+s oo ||+s|| c oo cxtc||o| c to-
m+oo|cs oc occ|sio n+ +|c+ v|s+noo cont||bu|| +|+ um |occsso uc oss+ cu|m|n+| num+ c|ct|v+
nov+ gc|+io oc o||t|c+s oc c|cnc|+ tccno|og|+ c oc |nov+io b+sc+o+ cm cv|ocnc|+s cm|||c+s
Lucia Carvalho Pinto de Melo
|:cs|ocnt+ oo C||
9
Introduo
1. Poltica cien tca, tecnolgica e de inovao baseada em
evidncia: a velha e a nova gerao
V+||os +|scs o+ |cg|io |+t|no-+mc||c+n+ ||nc|+|mcntc +uc|cs m+|o|cs como ||+s|| |cx|co c ^|-
gcnt|n+ busc+|+m |nst|tuc|on+||z+| +s +t|v|o+ocs c|cnt|c+s ocsoc +s ||mc||+s occ+o+s oo sccu|o
.o ^|cm oc conso||o+| os cs+os oc |c+||z+io o+ csu|s+ c|cnt|c+ |o||+mcntc +|guns ocstcs
+|scs cst+bc|ccc|+m |nst|tu|ocs oo t|o oc +c+ocm|+s oc c|cnc|+s
+
ou scmc||+ntcs com o ob,ct|-
vo oc |omcnt+| + csu|s+ c obtc| +|gum+ |nucnc|+ n+ cst|utu|+ oc ooc| (^m+oco +,;s +||.)
|o ||+s|| +os v+||+s tcnt+t|v+s cm +,,+ c||ou-sc o Consc||o |+c|on+| oc |csu|s+s (C||) |ns||+-
oo n+s |o|m+s |nst|tuc|on+|s oo C+n+o+ |st+oos |n|oos c ||+n+ (|om+n| +,s. +,s) ||uto o+s +|-
t|cu|+ocs o+ comun|o+oc c|cnt|c+ c oc um mov|mcnto |ntc|no o+s |o|+s ^|m+o+s (|o|,+z +,ss
+o-++) o C|| t|n|+ como ob,ct|vos |omovc| c cst|mu|+| o ocscnvo|v|mcnto o+ |nvcst|g+io c|cn-
t|c+ c tccno|og|c+ +t|+vcs o+ conccssio oc |ccu|sos +|+ csu|s+ |o|m+io oc csu|s+oo|cs
c tccn|cos cooc|+io com +s un|vc|s|o+ocs b|+s||c||+s c |ntc|cmb|o com |nst|tu|ocs cst|+ngc||+s
c + |csons+b|||o+oc sob|c too+s +s +t|v|o+ocs |c|c|cntcs +o m+nc,o oos m|nc||os |+o|o+t|vos c +o
+|ovc|t+mcnto o+ cnc|g|+ +tom|c+ no +|s (||unctt| ct +| +,s, +oo) |st+ ou||c|o+oc oc |unocs
nio ocmo|ou + c+us+| |ob|cm+s |ntc|nos oc |unc|on+mcnto oo consc||o uc som+oos +os con-
|tos cnt|c C|| c Covc|no cm tcm+s oc o||t|c+ cnc|gct|c+ |cvou c||+io o+ Com|ssio |+c|on+|
oc |nc|g|+ |uc|c+| cm +,,e (^|b+g|| +,ss so-s,) ^cs+| oos cs|o|os oo C|| +|+ sc |o|t+|ccc|
como o|g+n|smo n+c|on+| o+ o||t|c+ oc C oco|s oc c|oc| o tcm+ nuc|c+| o Consc||o cnt|ou
num+ |+sc c||t|c+ oc csv+z|+mcnto o||t|co o| um |+oo scus |ccu|sos |o|+m occ|csccnoo +u|+t|-
n+mcntc +tc |n|c|o o+ occ+o+ oc +,eo c o| out|o |+oo su+s +ocs nio t|vc|+m |m+cto n+ o||t|c+
n+c|on+| (||unctt| ct +| +,s, +o;-s)
O +no oc +,e| |o| c|uc|+| +|+ o C|| ,+ uc sc c|cgou + o|scut|| no govc|no + oss|b|||o+oc oc
su+ o|sso|uio |nt|ct+nto cm oczcmb|o ocstc +no um+ nov+ |c| ocu +o C|| comctcnc|+ n+
|o|mu|+io o+ o||t|c+ c|cnt|c+ c tccno|og|c+ n+c|on+| cm +|t|cu|+io com m|n|stc||os c o|gios oo
govc|no c com o Consc||o oc cgu|+n+ |+c|on+| c o |st+oo |+|o| o+s |o|+s ^|m+o+s (|o|c|
+,;, ,.-, ^|b+g|| +,ss ++;-s)
1 ^ ^c+ocm|+ 8:+s||c|:+ oc C|cnc|+s (^8C) |o| c:|+o+ cm 191 c :+,|o+mcntc |n|c|ou mov|mcnt+io ,+:+ c:|+io oc um consc||o
n+c|on+| oc ,csu|s+ |m 19!1 +,:cscntou um+ ,:o,ost+ cm mcmo:|+| o|:|g|oo +o ovc:no (^|b+g|| 19ss 1)
10
Centro de G esto e Estudos Estratgicos
Cincia, Tecnologia e Inovao
La Velho
^|no+ uc + m+nutcnio oo C|| c + +m||+io oc su+s |unocs sc ocv+m + mu|tos |+to|cs |n-
tc|nos +o +|s cx|stc g|+noc conco|onc|+ cnt|c os +n+||st+s oc uc os o|g+n|smos |ntc|n+c|on+|s
+|t|cu|+|mcntc + |||CO c + O|^ c cm mcno| |ntcns|o+oc + C||^| t|vc|+m +c| |mo|t+ntc
ncst+ occ|sio |st+s o|g+n|z+ocs cst+v+m oc|+noo sob o uc +|guns +uto|cs c|+m+|+m oc moo+
oo |+nc,+mcnto (^m+oco (+,;s +||.) uc sc +||c+v+ t+mbcm +|c+ oc C |cst+ coc+ cn-
tio sc |oouz um+ muo+n+ n+ o||cnt+io oc o||t|c+ +|+ + +|c+ oc C o+ s|m|cs |omoio
o+ csu|s+ sc +ss+ + cn|+t|z+| um+ o||t|c+ oc |+n|c+io o+ c|cnc|+ c o+ tccno|og|+ busc+noo
o|||g|-|+s +o ocscnvo|v|mcnto soc|occonom|co
^ ocn|io oc |og|+m+s n+c|on+|s oc ocscnvo|v|mcnto cconom|co |o| um+ o+s cono|ocs uc os
+|scs |+t|no-+mc||c+nos ocvc||+m s+t|s|+zc| +|+ obtc| |ccu|sos n+ncc||os oo govc|no oos |st+oos
|n|oos no mb|to o+ ^||+n+ +|+ o ||og|csso ^s |cso|uocs o+ O|^ |nst+v+m os o||c|cntcs +|scs
|+t|no-+mc||c+nos + |nc|u|| ob,ct|vos oc C ncsscs |+nos oc ocscnvo|v|mcnto (|+stos Cooc|
+,,, +e) |v|ocnc|+ o|sto c + |cc|+|+io Con,unt+ oos ||cs|ocntcs oc ^mc||c+ +ss|n+o+ cm +,e| cm
|unt+ oc| |stc ||ugu+| uc |nc|u| |c|c|cnc|+s cx||c|t+s +o +c| o+ C nos |+nos oc ocscnvo|v|-
mcnto (||+vc|m+n Conz+|cz +,so s)
|st+ moo+ oo |+nc,+mcnto uc +|ccc tc| su|g|oo o+ O|^ (cxc|+ +,s, +;o) t+mbcm |o| +o|+-
o+ c|+ |||CO n+s v+||+s |cun|ocs uc convocou ou|+ntc os +nos eo c ;o ^s noocs oc o||t|c+
c|cnt|c+ c oc |+no oc ocscnvo|v|mcnto |o|+m |nt|oouz|o+s ,+ no ||og|+m+ |cccn+| o+ O|g+n|-
z+io n+ ++ Con|c|cnc|+ Cc|+| oc +,eo uc +|m+v+ uc
nos +|scs cm ocscnvo|v|mcnto + cst|utu|+ +|+ + cxccuio o+ o||t|c+ c|cnt|c+ n+c|on+|
c ||cucntcmcntc |ctc|ogcnc+ c m+| +o+t+o+ +os |cuc||mcntos |+z-sc ncccss+||o |mu|-
s|on+| +o mcsmo tcmo + +o+t+io o+s |nst|tu|ocs cx|stcntcs ou + c||+io oc nov+s c su+
|ntcg|+io num s|stcm+ gc|+| | ncccss+||o] ocscn|+| um+ o||t|c+ c|cnt|c+ oct+||+o+ +|+
+|c+n+| +s mct+s oos |+nos oc ocscnvo|v|mcnto cconom|co c soc|+| (|||CO +,e| +,)
|m scgu|o+ + |||CO o|g+n|zou um+ sc||c oc |cun|ocs cnt|c c|+s +s Con|c|cnc|+s sob|c + ^||-
c+io o+ C|cnc|+ c o+ ccno|og|+ +o |cscnvo|v|mcnto o+ ^mc||c+ |+t|n+ con|cc|o+s o| su+ s|g|+
C^^|^ ^ ||mc||+ |o| |c+||z+o+ cm sctcmb|o oc +,e, cm +nt|+go oc C|||c c +sscntou +s b+scs
o+ +io no c+mo o+ o||t|c+ oc C Os tcm+s o+ Con|c|cnc|+ |o|+m sc|cc|on+oos com + +|t|c|-
+io oc cscc|+||st+s |+t|no-+mc||c+nos +|cm oos |unc|on+||os o+ |||CO Com|ssio |conom|c+
+|+ ^mc||c+ |+t|n+ (C||^|) c oo |nst|tuto |+t|no-^mc||c+no oc ||+nc,+mcnto |conom|co c oc|+|
(||||) num+ |cun|io |c+||z+o+ t+mbcm cm +nt|+go cm novcmb|o oc +,e| ^ C^^|^ cnvo|vcu
c|cnt|st+s oc |ccon|cc|o+ t|+,cto||+ +tc +uc|c momcnto +|guns oos u+|s sc ocst+c+|+m no cn-
N o va g e ra o d e p o ltic a e m c i n c ia , te c n o lo g ia e in o va o
SEMINRIO INTERNACIONAL
11
s+mcnto c |oouio |+t|no-+mc||c+n+ cm o||t|c+ c|cnt|c+ |+u| C+|oon C+||os C|+g+s ||||o |o-
|+noo C+|c|+ |+x|mo |+|ty ^m||c+| |c||c|+ |c|n+|oo |ouss+y |+nuc| |o||cg+ |n||uc Otc|z+
Cust+vo ||z+||o |+|cc| |oc|c ||so +cnz ctc (|||CO +,e,)
|ss+ |cun|io |c+|mou + ncccss|o+oc oc os +|scs +oot+|cm um+ o||t|c+ c|cnt|c+ cx||c|t+ com +
+|t|c|+io oc c|cnt|st+s c tccno|ogos |cc|o|u-sc t+mbcm c|+ c||+io o+ Con|c|cnc|+ |c|m+ncn-
tc oc O|g+n|smos |+c|on+|s oc |o||t|c+ C|cnt|c+ c ccno|og|c+ uc sc |cun|u cm C+|+c+s Vcnc-
zuc|+ cm +,es cm V|+ oc| |+| C|||c cm +,;+ no |cx|co cm +,;| cm u|to |u+oo| cm +,;s
c cm |+ |+z |o||v|+ cm +,s+ ^ss|m + |||CO (c os out|os o|g+n|smos |ntc|n+c|on+|s) cont||bu|u
+|+ o ocscnvo|v|mcnto oc um cns+mcnto |o||o o+ comun|o+oc c|cnt|c+ o+ |cg|io cm m+tc||+
c|cnt|co-tccno|og|c+ c comcou + o+| o||usio |ntc|n+c|on+| |oouio |ntc|cctu+| |oc+| +t|+vcs
o+ su+ sc||c |stuoos c |ocumcntos oc |o||t|c+ C|cnt|c+ (|||CO +,;|)
^ t+|c|+ oc c|+bo|+| o||t|c+s n+c|on+|s oc C +ont+v+ + ncccss|o+oc oc |oouio oc con|cc|-
mcnto sob|c o tcm+ oc co|ct+ oc |n|o|m+ocs c cst+t|st|c+s sob|c cst+s +t|v|o+ocs c oc |o|m+io oc
|ccu|sos |um+nos c++c|t+oos +|+ |sso | o ||+s|| com ocst+uc +|+ + occ+o+ oc +,;o |m|cmcn-
tou +ocs conc|ct+s ncst+s t|cs o|mcnsocs sc,+ o| |n|c|+t|v+ |o||+ sc,+ o| |ns||+io oc out|os
+|scs sc,+ o| |nccnt|vo nov+mcntc oc o|g+n|smos |ntc|n+c|on+|s
|m tc|mos oc co|ct+ oc |n|o|m+io sob|c C o ||+s|| |o| um oos ||mc||os +|scs + |o|nccc| |n|o|-
m+ocs sob|c su+s +t|v|o+ocs oc C cm |csost+ so||c|t+io o+ |||CO uc o|g+n|z+v+ o+oos
com+|+t|vos sob|c otcnc|+| c|cnt|co c tccno|og|co n+c|on+| |+|+ |sso ,+ nos +nos ;o o C||
c||ou um+ un|o+oc |csons+vc| c|+ com||+io oc o+oos |c|+t|vos +os o|scno|os cm C + Coo|-
ocn+io oc O|+mcnto c |st+t|st|c+ uc conscgu|u c++c|t+| um+ cu|c c ub||c+| +s |n|o|m+ocs
ou|+ntc +nos scgu|oos (+tc uc css+ +t||bu|io |o| t|+ns|c||o+ +o |C no n+| oos +nos so)
^ |cocu+io com + |oouio oc con|cc|mcnto uc |ossc ut|| +|+ |n|o|m+| + tom+o+ oc occ|sio
cm |C +ss|m como + |o|m+io oc |ccu|sos |um+nos u+||c+oos +|+ |sso m+n||cstou-sc ncs-
s+ coc+ oc v+||+s m+nc||+s |ntc|n+mcntc o C|| c||ou t+mbcm nos +nos ;o +|gum+s o|v|socs
uc t|n|+m como |unio ||nc|+| |oouz|| con|cc|mcnto +|+ |n|o|m+| + tom+o+ oc occ|sio cm
|C como + |onc||+ Coo|ocn+io oc ^v+||+io ccno|og|c+ (C^) |ns||+o+ n+s +t|v|o+ocs |c+||-
z+o+s c|o O cc |o| cc|no|ogy ^sscssmcnt (O^) oos ||^ C||ou t+mbcm um |uc|co cm ||+-
nc,+mcnto c Ccstio oc o||t|c+ oc C c |nvcst|u n+ |o|m+io oc csso+| |ntc|no cont|+t+oo +|+
css+s o|v|socs ^|cm o|sso com n+nc|+mcnto o+ |||CO o C|| cst+bc|cccu cm +|cc||+ com
un|vc|s|o+ocs c |nst|tutos oc csu|s+ ub||cos v+||os nuc|cos oc |+nc,+mcnto c gcstio cm |C
12
Centro de G esto e Estudos Estratgicos
Cincia, Tecnologia e Inovao
La Velho
uc ocscnvo|v|+m cstuoos c c++c|t+v+m csu|s+oo|cs n+ +|c+ o c|+m+oo ||og|+m+ oc |uc|c-
os cm |o||t|c+ c Ccstio oc C uc ||mc||+mcntc tcvc |ccu|sos oo C||;|||CO (cnt|c +,ss c
+,s|) c m+|s t+|oc ,+ no ||mc||o |^|C (+,s|-+,ss) |o| um+ o+s +|c+s contcm|+o+s |ss+ c++-
c|t+io |o| tio |mo|t+ntc uc no n+| oc +,ss o ||+s|| cont+v+ com sc|s (e) nuc|cos conso||o+oos
oc cstuoos c csu|s+s sob|c o||t|c+ c +om|n|st|+io oc C c oo|s |og|+m+s oc os-g|+ou+io
ncstc tcm+ (c|xc||+ |+c| +,,+) ^|cm o|sso c||ou-sc no mb|to oo |cccm |nst|tu|oo ||n|stc||o
oc C cm +,s, um Ccnt|o oc |stuoos cm |C uc t|n|+ |ctcnsocs oc sc to|n+| um |nst|tuto oc
csu|s+ v|ncu|+oo +o |C
O |c|+to +c|m+ +|no+ uc b|cvc cv|ocnc|+ uc + c||+io oo ++|+to |nst|tuc|on+| +|+ o||t|c+ oc
C no ||+s|| |o| +com+n|+o+ ou|+ntc +|gum+s occ+o+s o| um+ |cocu+io com + com|c-
cnsio ocstcs |cnomcnos n+s noss+s cono|ocs |uscou +ss|m c++c|t+| csso+s |oouz|| c o|vu|-
g+| con|cc|mcnto |c|cv+ntc co|ct+| |n|o|m+ocs c |oouz|| cst+t|st|c+s sob|c +s +t|v|o+ocs oc C
^|cm o|sso buscou c||+| um+ comun|o+oc oc |+t|c+ const|tu|o+ nio +cn+s o| csu|s+oo|cs
ocst+ tcm+t|c+ nos v+||os nuc|cos oc cstuoos cm |C n+s un|vc|s|o+ocs m+s t+mbcm o| sc|v|-
oo|cs c|v|s (||nc|+|mcntc tccn|cos oo C||) uc cont||bu|+m c|cs mcsmos +|+ + |oouio oc
con|cc|mcnto c t|n|+m comctcnc|+ +|+ |+zc| uso o+s |n|o|m+ocs gc|+o+s n+s |oost+s c oc-
c|socs cm |C |m |csumo |+v|+ um+ |cocu+io c +ocs conc|ct+s +|+ + gc|+io oc o||t|c+s
oc C b+sc+o+s cm cv|ocnc|+ c nio +cn+s no con|cc|mcnto t+c|to c n+ t|+o|io |o| cm g|+noc
+|tc como |m+cto ocst+s |n|c|+t|v+s uc |o,c cx|stc +|gum+ comctcnc|+ |nst+|+o+ n+s un|vc|s|-
o+ocs c no ++|+to govc|n+mcnt+| sob|c os tcm+s oc c|cnc|+ tccno|og|+ c soc|co+oc
^s co|s+s comc+|+m + muo+| no n+| oos +nos +,so o| um+ sc||c oc |+zocs uc +|no+ |cc|s+m
sc| m+|s bcm cstuo+o+s ||ov+vc|mcntc + c||+io oo ||n|stc||o oc C - uc +bso|vcu +s +t||bu|-
ocs oc |+nc,+mcnto c gcstio o+ |C m+s +cn+s um+ +|tc cucn+ o+ comctcnc|+ |nst+|+o+
no C|| - tcvc +|gum +c| n+ octc||o|+io o+ |c|+io cnt|c + |+t|c+ o+ |C c + csu|s+ +|+
+o|+-|+ ^ nov+ c+s+ o+ |C nio t|n|+ con|cc|mcnto oc ucm c|+ ucm n+ +|c+ c cst+v+ m+|s
|cocu+o+ cm sc conso||o+| o||t|c+mcntc como m|n|stc||o oo uc cm sc |c|+c|on+| com +uc|cs
uc |+z|+m csu|s+ +nto c +ss|m uc nos u|t|mos +nos o+ occ+o+ oc so o |C |o| cxt|nto como
m|n|stc||o v||ou cc|ct+||+ c vo|tou + sc| |nst|tu|oo como m|n|stc||o muo+noo scu t|tu|+| o| v+||+s
vczcs |sso tuoo |o| +g|+v+oo c|o tc|m|no oc n+nc|+mcntos o+ |||CO +|+ cstuoos n+ +|c+ c
c|o n+| oo |og|+m+ oc |o||t|c+ c Ccstio o+ |C no |^|C | +|c+ uc nio |o| contcm|+o+ n+s
co|ocs ostc||o|cs oo |^|C
O o|st+nc|+mcnto o+ comun|o+oc oc csu|s+ cm |C oo ++|+to govc|n+mcnt+| +|+ tom+o+ oc
occ|sio cm |C +umcntou +|no+ m+|s no govc|no Co||o| |n|c|+oo cm +,,o |stc oc o||cnt+io cx-
N o va g e ra o d e p o ltic a e m c i n c ia , te c n o lo g ia e in o va o
SEMINRIO INTERNACIONAL
13
||c|t+mcntc nco||bc|+| cst+v+ m+|s |ntc|css+oo cm +n+||scs oc cu|to |+zo c v|+ ouc+ ncccss|o+oc
oc |csu|t+oos oc csu|s+ +|+ tom+| occ|sio ^|cm o|sso +c|co|t+v+ uc os o|gios o+ +om|n|st|+-
io o||ct+ nio t|n|+m m|ssio oc |+zc| cstuoos c csu|s+s c com b+sc ncss+ |cm|ss+ ,+ cm +,,o
o |C cxt|ngu|u oo scu o|g+nog|+m+ o Ccnt|o oc |stuoos cm |o||t|c+ oc C |ouvc cntio um+
tot+| o|sc|sio oos |ccu|sos |um+nos c++c|t+oos +|+ cstuoos cm |C uc sc cncont|+v+m no
mb|to oo |C +|oc+oos uc |o|+m +|+ out|+s +t|v|o+ocs |csmo uc v+||os ocstcs tcn|+m con-
t|nu+oo scus cstuoos c |ccxocs sob|c + tcm+t|c+ nio |+v|+ m+|s cs+o +|+ +t|v|o+ocs co|ct|v+s
+g|ut|n+oo|+s c s|stcm+t|c+s
|io +cn+s + c++c|t+io |ntc|n+ oo |C cm cstuoos |c|cv+ntcs + |C sc ocscst|utu|ou m+s os
|ccu|sos +|+ css+ +|c+ cm un|vc|s|o+ocs c g|uos oc csu|s+ t+mbcm mu|c|+|+m como ,+ sc
+ontou +c|m+ Com |sso +cn+s oo|s |og|+m+s oc os-g|+ou+io cm cstuoos oc C sob|c-
v|vc|+m c os ocm+|s nuc|cos +c+b+|+m tcnoo uc o|vc|s|c+| su+s +|c+s tcm+t|c+s +|guns +|no+
|csc|v+|+m + +|c+ oc |C como um+ o+s +|c+s oc conccnt|+io cm |og|+m+s oc os-g|+ou+io
o|sc|||n+|cs cm cconom|+ soc|o|og|+ +om|n|st|+io ||sto||+ ou c|cnc|+ o+ |n|o|m+io
|u|+ntc too+ + occ+o+ oc +,,o c n+ ||mc||+ occ+o+ ocstc sccu|o + |c|+io cnt|c os |oouto|cs
oc con|cc|mcnto c os |csons+vc|s c|+ tom+o+ oc occ|sio cm |C tcm sc m+nt|oo m+|s ou mc-
nos |mut+vc| ||+ sc o+ cm |unio oc oo|tun|o+ocs oc||v+o+s oc ncccss|o+ocs oo scto| ub||co
+|+ c|+bo|+| +|gum |nst|umcnto ou |og|+m+ c m+|s comumcntc +|+ +v+||+| |og|+m+s |m|c-
mcnt+oos c|o |C c scus o|g+n|smos +ssoc|+oos c|+s +gcnc|+s cst+ou+|s oc n+nc|+mcnto
csu|s+ ou mcsmo |og|+m+s |ntc|m|n|stc||+|s com |o|tc comoncntc cm C cnoo c+su|st|c+
c oo|tun|st+ c cm gc|+| oc cu|to |+zo t+| |c|+io |+|+mcntc c|m|tc o ocscnvo|v|mcnto oc
comctcnc|+s mctooo|og|+s b+scs oc o+oos c mooos oc |ntc||ct+io m+|s +b|+ngcntcs c gc-
nc|+||z+ntcs ^ u+sc tot+||o+oc oc cstuoos ocst+ n+tu|cz+ sio como sn+s|ots |cct|noo um
momcnto cscc|co oc um |og|+m+ +|t|cu|+| c |+|+mcntc cont||bu|noo +|+ |ct|o+||mcnt+|
occ|socs ou +v+||+ocs |utu|+s
|os tcmos +tu+|s c+m|n|+-sc +|+ um+ c|ccio convc|gcntc t+nto oo |+oo oos tom+oo|cs
oc occ|sio cm |C c como +uc|c oos csu|s+oo|cs oc uc c ncccss+||o cst+bc|ccc| um o|+|ogo
m+|s cst|c|to const+ntc c s|stcm+t|co cnt|c csscs oo|s g|uos |sso sc ocvc |ov+vc|mcntc +o |+to
oc uc cx|stc um+ c|ccio c|+|+ c conscnsu+| no n|vc| |ntc|n+c|on+| oc uc + comct|t|v|o+oc oc
u+|uc| n+io occnoc oc su+ c++c|o+oc oc |oouz|| c ut|||z+| novos con|cc|mcntos |o| |sso +
m+|o||+ oos +|scs |nvcstc |ccu|sos ub||cos c ||v+oos cm |og|+m+s c +t|v|o+ocs uc busc+m |o-
ouz|| novos con|cc|mcntos c gc|+| |nov+io |nt|ct+nto nio sc s+bc u+nto c ncccss+||o |nvcst||
c cm u+|s |+to|cs +|+ +umcnt+| +s c|+nccs oc oco||cnc|+ oc |nov+io o+o+ + |+|t+ oc cv|ocnc|+
14
Centro de G esto e Estudos Estratgicos
Cincia, Tecnologia e Inovao
La Velho
cm|||c+ sob|c t+|s |occssos O |csu|t+oo c + b+|x+ c++c|o+oc oc |ocnt|c+| c c|ct|v+mcntc |cvc|
como os |nvcst|mcntos cm |oouio oc con|cc|mcnto c oc gc|+io oc |nov+io oocm +|ct+| +
comct|t|v|o+oc o+s n+ocs c o bcm-cst+| oc su+ ou|+io
|ss+ |+|t+ oc con|cc|mcnto +|+ |n|o|m+| + tom+o+ oc occ|sio cm |C| c scnt|o+ oc m+nc||+ gc|+|
cm tooos os +|scs uc |nvcstcm sc||+mcntc cm t+|s +t|v|o+ocs + b+sc c|cnt|c+ oo nosso con|c-
c|mcnto sob|c os |+to|cs sub,+ccntcs |nov+io c s ocscobc|t+s c|cnt|c+s |cc|s+ sc| |o|t+|cc|-
o+ cm um+ com|ccnsio oos mcc+n|smos o+ ocscobc|t+ c o+ |nov+io tcnt+t|v+s oc muo+| o
+mb|cntc uc o+ suo|tc + csscs ocscnvo|v|mcntos - o| cxcm|o c||+io oc nov+s |c||+mcnt+s c
moo|c+ocs cm |og|+m+s oc t|c|n+mcnto oc c+|t+| |um+no - sio +|||sc+o+s c |ov+vc|mcntc
sc|io ouco cc|cntcs
|os |st+oos |n|oos o| cxcm|o css+ |cocu+io ocu o||gcm +o |og|+m+ c||+oo c|+ |+t|on+|
c|cncc |ouno+t|on c|+m+oo c|cncc |o| c|cncc +no |nnov+t|on |o||cy uc tcm como ob,ct|vo
|omcnt+| o ocscnvo|v|mcnto oc con|cc|mcnto tco||+s o+oos |c||+mcnt+s c c+|t+| |um+no nc-
ccss+||o +|+ cu|t|v+| um+ nov+ c|cnc|+ o+ |o||t|c+ C|cnt|c+ c oc |nov+io (c|||)
.
|+ |u|o+ +
mcsm+ |cocu+io tcm s|oo cnoc|c+o+ c|+ c||+io oc |og|+m+s c|+ Com|ssio |u|oc|+ cnt|c
os u+|s sc ocst+c+m o |u|oc+n |csc+|c| ^|c+ (||^)
,
c o ||o|nno
|
|scc|c+mcntc no |c|no |n|-
oo |n|c|+t|v+s ncstc scnt|oo tcm s|oo c+|t+nc+o+s c|o oc|+| +no |conom|c |csc+|c| Couc|| uc
cm scu |+nc,+mcnto cst|+tcg|co +|+ o c||ooo .oo,-.o+| c||ou cx||c|t+mcntc um |og|+m+ +|+
v|ncu|+| + csu|s+ cconom|c+ c soc|+| +os ob,ct|vos o+s o||t|c+s ub||c+s (||C .oo,)
^|no+ uc sc oss+ +|cnoc| com + cxc||cnc|+ c con|cc|mcnto |oouz|oo o| |n|c|+t|v+s oc out|os
+|scs s+bc-sc uc os +||+n,os |nst|tuc|on+|s c o|g+n|z+c|on+|s +ss|m como os g|uos soc|+|s +t|vos
cm c|cnc|+ tccno|og|+ c |nov+io v+||+m cnt|c os o||c|cntcs +|scs c nos o||c|cntcs momcntos ||s-
to||cos |o|t+nto c ncccss+||o uc c+o+ +|s |ocu|c ocscnvo|vc| scus mooc|os cx||c+t|vos c su+s
|c||+mcnt+s +n+||t|c+s +|+ |n|o|m+| o scto| ub||co c o ||v+oo sob|c os |occssos +t|+vcs oos u+|s
os |nvcst|mcntos cm csu|s+ c|cnt|c+ c tccno|og|c+ tcm m+|o| c|+ncc oc sc|cm t|+ns|o|m+oos
cm |csu|t+oos cconom|cos c soc|+|s
Com b+sc no cxosto o Ccnt|o oc |stuoos c ||+nc,+mcnto |st|+tcg|cos (CC||) occ|o|u o|g+n|-
z+| um cstuoo ||oto com o ob,ct|vo oc |n|c|+| um o|+|ogo com + comun|o+oc |c|cv+ntc no ||+s||
2 wwwns|gov;,ubs;.00;ns|04;ns|04|tm
3 |tt,;;cccu:o,+cu;:csc+:c|;c:+;consu|t+t|on-c:+_cn|tm|
4 |tt,;;www,:o|nno-cu:o,ccu;
N o va g e ra o d e p o ltic a e m c i n c ia , te c n o lo g ia e in o va o
SEMINRIO INTERNACIONAL
15
+|+ |+n+| +s b+scs +|+ + c||+io oc um |og|+m+ oc csu|s+ no +|s uc busuc +) cntcnoc|
os contcxtos +s cst|utu|+s c os |occssos o+ csu|s+ c|cnt|c+ c tccno|og|c+ .) ocscnvo|vc| mo-
oc|os cx||c+t|vos sob|c + t|+ns|o|m+io oc con|cc|mcnto cm |csu|t+oos cconom|cos c soc|+|s ,)
ocscnvo|vc| mc||o|+| c cx+no|| mooc|os c |c||+mcnt+s +n+||t|c+s |nc|u|noo b+scs oc o+oos uc
oss+m sc| +||c+o+s cm |occssos occ|so||os c oc +v+||+io oc o||t|c+ c|cnt|c+ c oc |nov+io |)
c||+| oo|tun|o+ocs oc |o|m+io oc cscc|+||st+s uc tcn|+m como |oco + c|cnc|+ +|+ o||t|c+
c|cnt|c+ c o+ |nov+io |m u|t|m+ |nstnc|+ o uc o CC|| |ctcnoc c cont||bu|| +|+ um |occsso
uc oss+ cu|m|n+| num+ |ov+ Cc|+io oc |o||t|c+s oc C|cnc|+ ccno|og|+ c oc |nov+io (|C|)
b+sc+o+ cm cv|ocnc|+
|+|+ |sso o CC|| scgu|u um+ cst|+tcg|c+ oc ou|+ +io |o| um |+oo cncomcnoou + |oouio oc
not+s tccn|c+s uc t|vcsscm como ob,ct|vo |cv+nt+| +s ucstocs |c|cv+ntcs + css+ nov+ gc|+io oc
|C| |o| out|o |c+||zou um wo||s|o uc tcvc +s not+s tccn|c+s como +no oc |unoo +|+ o||cn-
t+| +s o|scussocs cm uc sc o|g+n|z+|+m scssocs sob|c tcm+s |ocnt|c+oos como |mo|t+ntcs c
uc |o|+m +|cscnt+oos c comcnt+oos o| cscc|+||st+s o+ comun|o+oc +c+ocm|c+ c;ou sc|v|oo|cs
ub||cos o+ +|c+ oc C
|ss+ ub||c+io |cunc os |ooutos ocst+s ou+s +ocs oo CC|| ^ ||mc||+ +|tc c const|tu|o+ c|+s
not+s tccn|c+s c +b|c com um tcxto concc|tu+| oc m|n|+ +uto||+ |nt|tu|+oo |ooos oc ||oouio
oc Con|cc|mcnto c |nov+io |st+oo o+ ^|tc c |m||c+ocs +|+ + |o||t|c+ C|cnt|c+ ccno|og|c+ c
oc |nov+io O tcxto +|gumcnt+ uc + com|ccnsio sob|c + |oouio oc con|cc|mcnto c|cnt|co
sc moo|cou +ss+noo oc um+ v|sio oc c|cnc|+ ||sto||c+ c soc|+|mcntc ncut|+ + um+ conccio
oc c|cnc|+ soc|+|mcntc |oc+||z+o+ c mooc|+o+ c|+s cono|ocs contcxtu+|s |ss+ nov+ conccio
co|oc+ ocs+os |mo|t+ntcs cm tc|mos o+ com|ccnsio oos |occssos oc gc|+io c ut|||z+io oc
con|cc|mcnto c|cnt|co ^|cm o|sso t+| conccio |n|o|m+ o||t|c+s o||c|cnc|+o+s oc C| c |occ-
o|mcntos o||c|cnc|+oos oc +v+||+io oos |csu|t+oos c |m+ctos oc t+|s o||t|c+s ^|cm oc +|cscnt+|
cssc novo u+o|o concc|tu+| c su+s |m||c+ocs +|+ + |C| o tcxto t+mbcm |no|c+ tcm+s c ucs-
tocs uc ncccss|t+m sc| |nvcst|g+o+s oc mooo + +umcnt+| noss+ com|ccnsio sob|c os |occssos
oc ocscobc|t+ c oc |nov+io c + subs|o|+| o||t|c+s b+sc+o+s cm cv|ocnc|+
|stc tcxto concc|tu+| c scgu|oo o| +n+||scs o+ |c|+io cnt|c csu|s+ c |occssos oc tom+o+ oc
occ|sio cm oo|s +|scs sc|cc|on+oos |cscct|v+mcntc |st+oos |n|oos c |c|no |n|oo O ob,ct|vo
+u| c cntcnoc| como cstcs +|scs cstio cn||cnt+noo +s c+|cnc|+s octcct+o+s cm tc|mos oc
cv|ocnc|+s oc csu|s+ +|+ |n|o|m+| +s o||t|c+s ub||c+s |c|+c|on+o+s com C O tcxto oc us+n
Cozzcns o||cto|+ oo cc|no|ogy |o||cy +no ^sscssmcnt Ccntc| ||g+oo c|oo| o| |ub||c |o||cy
16
Centro de G esto e Estudos Estratgicos
Cincia, Tecnologia e Inovao
La Velho
Cco|g|+ |nst|tutc o| cc|no|ogy |nt|tu|+-sc c|cncc +no |nnov+t|on |o||cy tuo|cs |n t|c |n|tco
t+tcs |+st +no ||cscnt ^|cscnt+ oc |o|m+ ocsc||t|v+ c c||t|c+ os +ntcccocntcs oo |occsso oc
c||+io oo |og|+m+ c|cncc o| c|cncc +no |nnov+t|on |o||cy o+ |+t|on+| c|cncc |ouno+t|on
+|gumcnt+noo uc cx|stc mu|t+ csu|s+ |c|cv+ntc +|+ + tom+o+ oc occ|sio cm |C n+s
un|vc|s|o+ocs +mc||c+n+s m+s uc + |c|+io ocst+s com os o|gio |csons+vc|s c|+ |C c ||+c+
|m scgu|o+ + ||+ Cozzcns |c|+t+ o contcxto os ob,ct|vos + +b|+ngcnc|+ c +s ||nc|+|s +t|v|o+ocs
ocsoc |og|+m+ O tcxto tc|m|n+ com um+ |ccxio com b+sc n+ cxc||cnc|+ c con|cc|mcnto o+
+uto|+ c nos |csu|t+oos gc|+oos +tc o momcnto sob|c +s ||ocs uc oocm sc| +||c+o+s ou utc|s
n+ c||+io oc um |og|+m+ s|m||+| no ||+s||
^ cxc||cnc|+ oo |c|no |n|oo c o ob,cto oo tcxto oc +uto||+ oc ^no|c |u|z |c+ oc C+mos oo Ccn-
t|c |o| |csc+|c| |n |nnov+t|on |+n+gcmcnt c |||g|ton |us|ncss c|oo| o+ |n|vc|s|ty o| |||g|ton
Com o t|tu|o C|cnc|+ o+ o||t|c+ c|cnt|c+ c oc |nov+io oo |c|no |n|oo o c+so oo |conom|c +no
oc|+| |csc+|c| Counc|| (||C) o tcxto +|cscnt+ os ||nc|+|s cs|o|os oo ||C +|+ gc|+| cv|ocn-
c|+s uc subst+nc|cm o cntcno|mcnto o+s |n|c|+t|v+s oc o||t|c+ c|cnt|c+ c oc |nov+io c oc scus
|csu|t+oos |+|+ |sso sio cx+m|n+oos oo|s c+mos oc +io o ||mc||o t|+t+ o+s ||n|+s |cgu|+|cs oc
n+nc|+mcnto +|+ cx+nsio oo con|cc|mcnto cm c|cnc|+s soc|+|s c cconom|c+s uc +o|+m cs-
u|s+s c|t|ncntcs +o tcm+ o scgunoo |c|c|c-sc +os cstuoos oc +v+||+io ocstcs |nvcst|mcntos O
tcxto ocst+c+ uc os ||nc|+|s cs|o|os oo ||C +|+ + +n+||sc oos |m+ctos oos con|cc|mcntos
gc|+oos + +|t|| oc scus +o|os csu|s+ ,unto +os usu+||os cm +|t|cu|+| +os |o|mu|+oo|cs oc o-
||t|c+ sio b+sc+oos sob|ctuoo cm cstuoos cscc|cos oc |og|+m+s ccnt|os c bo|s+s ^ +|t|| o+
+n+||sc oo c+so oo ||C o tcxto conc|u| +|cscnt+noo c|cmcntos uc o +uto| cons|oc|+ |c|cv+ntcs
+|+ o c+so b|+s||c||o c uc oocm cont||bu|| +|+ o ocb+tc sob|c + + c|cnc|+ o+ o||t|c+ c|cnt|c+
c oc |nov+io no +|s
^ not+ tccn|c+ |oouz|o+ o| |||z+bct| |+|b+c|cvs|y oo |c+|t+mcnto oc C|cnc|+ |o||t|c+ o+
|n|vc|s|o+oc oc io |+u|o ||occssos |cc|so||os cm |o||t|c+ C|cnt|c+ ccno|og|c+ c oc |nov+io
no ||+s|| ^n+||sc C||t|c+- t|+z + o|scussio +|+ o contcxto n+c|on+| |+t+-sc oc um+ |ccxio c||t|c+
sob|c cxc||cnc|+s |cccntcs o+ o||t|c+ c|cnt|c+ b|+s||c||+ + +|t|| oc +bo|o+gcns |ntc|n+c|on+|s uc
+oot+m + c|scct|v+ oo nco-|nst|tuc|on+||smo ^ ||mc||+ +|tc busc+ |cconst|tu|| os c|cmcntos
m+|s m+|c+ntcs o+ ||sto||+ o+ o||t|c+ oc C| no ||+s|| ocsoc os +nos c|nucnt+ +tc o |cscntc
tcnoo como o conouto| + c||+io c cvo|uio oo +|c+bouo |nst|tuc|on+| o+ o||t|c+ c|cnt|c+
oo +|s ^ scguno+ +|tc oo tcxto +|cscnt+ c o|scutc + +||c+io oc um mooc|o tco||co +|+ o
cntcno|mcnto oc +|guns oos o||cm+s v|v|oos c|+ o||t|c+ c|cnt|c+ b|+s||c||+ |ssc mooc|o busc+
cntcnoc| + |ntc|+io uc sc cst+bc|ccc cnt|c +s +gcnc|+s oc |omcnto c + comun|o+oc c|cnt|c+
como um+ |c|+io oc oc|cg+io ||n+|mcntc + conc|usio |+z um b+|+no oos |csu|t+oos obt|oos c
N o va g e ra o d e p o ltic a e m c i n c ia , te c n o lo g ia e in o va o
SEMINRIO INTERNACIONAL
17
+ont+ +|gum+s ucstocs +|+ um+ +gcno+ oc csu|s+s uc +v+ncc o cntcno|mcnto o+ o||t|c+
c|cnt|c+ b|+s||c||+
||n+|mcntc + u|t|m+ not+ tccn|c+ oc +uto||+ oc C|c||+ |||+g|bc |o| cncomcno+o+ + +|t|| oo cntcn-
o|mcnto oc uc nio c +cn+s o scto| ub||co uc ncccss|t+ oc |csu|t+oos oc csu|s+ c oc |n|o|-
m+ocs con+vc|s +|+ + tom+o+ oc occ|sio |c|+t|v+ +o |nvcst|mcnto cm C +|+ gc|+| |nov+io
t+mbcm o scto| ||v+oo c+|ccc oc cv|ocnc|+ +|+ |n|o|m+| su+s cst|+tcg|+s O tcxto C|cnc|+ cc-
no|og|+ c |nov+io n+ C+|||o|n|+ + |c|scct|v+ |m|cs+||+| |ct|+t+ + c|scct|v+ cm|cs+||+| cm
o|c|ccc| |ooutos c sc|v|os oc +|to contcuoo tccno|og|cos c comc|c|+|mcntc v|+vc|s cm mc|c+oos
o|nm|cos c g|ob+||z+oos |+|+ |sso o tcxto |+z ||mc||+mcntc um+ ocsc||io suc|nt+ oc |no|c+oo|cs
cconom|cos c o+ |n||+cst|utu|+ oc |nov+io o+ C+|||o|n|+ uc o| su+ |obustcz c o|n+m|smo ,us-
t|c+m + |c|cvnc|+ ocss+ cxc||cnc|+ +|+ + |C| no ||+s|| ^ csco||+ o+ C+|||o|n|+ ,ust|c+-sc o|
um+ sc||c oc c|cmcntos + comc+| c|o ocst+c+oo ocscmcn|o oc scus +||+n,os o|g+n|z+c|on+|s c
|nst|tuc|on+|s cm convc|tc| csu|s+ cm |ooutos c sc|v|os tccno|og|cos comc|c|+|mcntc v|+vc|s
como ocmonst|+ + +|t+ conccnt|+io oc cm|cs+s oc +|t+ tccno|og|+ n+ |cg|io c scus |csu|t+oos
cconom|cos c soc|+|s O tcxto +|cscnt+ cv|ocnc|+ cm|||c+ sob|c + u+| sc +sscnt+ + tom+o+ oc
occ|sio c|os |nvcst|oo|cs ||v+oos (sob|ctuoo os oc c+|t+| oc ||sco) c t+mbcm um con,unto oc
|no|c+oo|cs uc |cctcm + |n||+cst|utu|+ ncccss+||+ +o cm|ccnocoo||smo uc con,unt+mcntc
octc|m|+m o g|+u oc succsso o+ |C| cm |ooutos c sc|v|os comc|c|+|mcntc v|+vc|s + +|t|| o+
cxc||cnc|+ c+|||o|n|+n+ Conc|u| com um+ |ccxio sob|c como +s o||t|c+s ub||c+s c cst|+tcg|+s
cm|cs+||+|s vo|t+o+s +|+ css+ |noust||+ |oouzcm c ut|||z+m |n|o|m+io s|stcm+t|c+ c |c||+mcnt+s
+n+||t|c+s c uc ||ocs ooc||+m sc|v|| +o ||+s||
Com cstcs tcxtos cm mios |o| cntio o|g+n|z+oo o wo||s|o sob|c + |ov+ Cc|+io oc |o||t|c+s oc
C|cnc|+ ccno|og|+ c |nov+io uc tcvc como ob,ct|vo gc|+| |ocnt|c+| um+ +gcno+ oc csu|s+
uc oss+ sc| us+o+ +|+ const|u|| um |og|+m+ (oss|vc|mcntc ||oto) uc +o |ongo oo tcmo
c|m|t+ + const|uio oc um+ |+t+|o|m+ cm|||c+ so||o+ +|+ o ocscn|o c +com+n|+mcnto c
+v+||+io o+ |C| |+|+ +t|ng|| t+| ob,ct|vo c|+ ncccss+||o uc o wo||s|o cont+ssc com + |cscn+
c +|t|c|+io oos v+||os +to|cs soc|+|s o||ct+mcntc |ntc|css+oos n+ |C| como tom+oo|cs oc oc-
c|sio cm o|gios govc|n+mcnt+|s (o|||gcntcs c sc|v|oo|cs oc c+||c||+) csu|s+oo|cs o+s +|c+s oc c|-
cnc|+s b+s|c+s c o+s cngcn|+||+s o+s c|cnc|+s soc|+|s c cscc|+||st+s cm cstuoos oc C Cons|oc|ou-
sc t+mbcm |uno+mcnt+| uc o wo||s|o |o|c|+ssc um +m|o cs+o +|+ ouv|| os conv|o+oos
c o|t+nto uc +s +|cscnt+ocs t|vcsscm tcmo |couz|oo c |osscm scgu|o+s o| comcnt+oo|cs
uc t|n|+m como ob,ct|vo ||nc|+| co|oc+| ucstocs +|+ os ocb+tcs com + |cn+||+ ||n+|mcntc
|ouvc + oo|tun|o+oc oc conv|o+| + o||cto|+ oo |og|+m+ c|cncc o| c|cncc +no |nov+t|on |o||cy
(c|||) o+ |+t|on+| c|cncc |ouno+t|on oos |st+oos |n|oos ||+ |u||+ |+nc +|+ |n|c|+| os t|+b+||os
18
Centro de G esto e Estudos Estratgicos
Cincia, Tecnologia e Inovao
La Velho
oo wo||s|o com um |c|+to o+ cxc||cnc|+ +mc||c+n+ Com b+sc nos |+to|cs +u| ||st+oos o CC||
|c+||zou o \o||s|o sob|c |ov+ Cc|+io oc |o||t|c+ cm C|cnc|+ ccno|og|+ c |nov+io no o|+ ..
oc |+|o oc .o+o no |o|||c|o Co|o|+tc ||n+nc|+| Ccntc| |s+o ||O cm ||+s|||+ ||
^ scguno+ +|tc ocst+ ub||c+io |n|c|+ o|t+nto com o ||og|+m+ oo wo||s|o +|+ uc uc
|cg|st|+o+ + +|t|c|+io oos v+||os +to|cs soc|+|s n+ |unio oc coo|ocn+oo|cs +|cscnt+oo|cs co-
mcnt+oo|cs c |c|+to|cs o+s o||c|cntcs scssocs |m scgu|o+ ++|cccm +s +|cscnt+ocs |c|t+s c|os
conv|o+oos c um |csumo o+s ||nc|+|s ucstocs |cv+nt+o+s c|os comcnt+oo|cs Os ontos oc
convc|gcnc|+ c o|vc|gcnc|+ m+|s |mo|t+ntcs |cv+nt+oos c|os conv|o+oos sio +|cscnt+oos no -
n+| como conc|usocs oo wo||s|o | |mo|t+ntc |css+|t+| +u| uc o t|+b+||o oc |cg|st|+| + o|nm|-
c+ c contcuoo oo wo||s|o cou + c+|go oc cscc|+||st+s cm cstuoos oc C ||+ |+||+ C+||ot+
oc ouz+ |+u|+ ||+ |c|n+no+ ^nton|+ |onscc+ ob|+| ||+ |+||+ ||cn|t+ |cnczcs |+sc|mcnto
cu,os |c|+tos sc|v||+m oc b+sc +|+ o uc sc |cg|st|+ ncst+ +|tc o+ ub||c+io Obv|+mcntc m|n|+
|ntc||ct+io sob|c o uc c|+s +not+|+m |+z com uc cu sc,+ + un|c+ |csons+vc| o| u+|uc| c||o
oc ,u|g+mcnto uc sc,+ |ocnt|c+oo
|co|s o+ +bc|tu|+ oos t|+b+||os c|+ |cs|ocnt+ oo CC|| |uc|+ C+|v+||o ||nto oc |c|o + ||+
|u||+ |+nc +|cscntou + c|scct|v+ oc|+| oo ||og|+m+ c|cncc o| c|cncc +no |nnov+t|on |o||cy
o+ |+t|on+| c|cncc |ouno+t|on oos |st+oos |n|oos com um+ +|cst|+ |nt|tu|+o+ |o+tc on t|c
c|cncc o| c|cncc +no |nnov+t|on |o||cy O |oco o+ +|cscnt+io |o| o |c|+to oo |occsso oc ncgo-
c|+io cnt|c os v+||os +to|cs soc|+|s uc |cvou c||+io oo |og|+m+ cm .oo, c +o cst+bc|cc|mcnto
o+s ||o||o+ocs oc n+nc|+mcnto oc |oost+s |m scgu|o+ +|cscntou cxcm|os oc |oost+s -
n+nc|+o+s oos mooos oc mon|to|+mcnto c +v+||+io oo |og|+m+ c oos ocsoob|+mcntos |utu|os
|c +co|oo com o |c|+to o |og|+m+ tcm t|oo um+ cont||bu|io |mo|t+ntc +|+ |n|o|m+| + tom+-
o+ oc occ|sio cm |C| c tcm s|oo |+vo|+vc|mcntc +v+||+oo oc t+| |o|m+ uc + || |+nc,+ cx+nsio
oo mcsmo c +|cc||+s com out|os o|gios oc govc|no
|o| mu|to |ntc|css+ntc uc + cxos|io scgu|ntc + c+|go oc us+n Cozzcns o+ Cco|g|+ |nst|tutc o|
cc|no|ogy uc c|+ c|+mou oc !c !|cc |s Conncct|ng oc|+| c|cnccs +no |um+n|t|cs |csc+|c|
w|t| c|cncc +no cc|no|ogy |o||cym+||ng t+mbcm +n+||sou o |og|+m+ c||| m+s o+ c|scc-
t|v+ o+ comun|o+oc +c+ocm|c+ ||nc|+|mcntc os c|cnt|st+s soc|+|s uc sio os usu+||os ||nc|+|s
oo |og|+m+ O |oco o+ +|cscnt+io |o| nos ocs+os uc ocvcm sc| cn||cnt+oos +|+ uc sc,+
oss|vc| const|u|| um+ |c|+io oc +|cc||+ cnt|c o uc c|+ c|+mou oc |cccto|cs oos |csu|t+oos oc
csu|s+ (tom+oo|cs oc occ|sio no govc|no) c + comun|o+oc oc csu|s+ ^|guns oos ocs+os sc-
gunoo c|+ sio +ss|vc|s oc so|uio no cu|to |+zo m+s cx|gcm o+ comun|o+oc oc csu|s+ um+
muo+n+ oc +t|tuoc oc mooo + sc to|n+| m+|s +bc|t+ +|+ + |ntc|o|sc|||n+||o+oc m+|s |csc|tos+
N o va g e ra o d e p o ltic a e m c i n c ia , te c n o lo g ia e in o va o
SEMINRIO INTERNACIONAL
19
oos con|cc|mcntos oc out|os g|uos soc|+|s com m+|o| o|sos|io +|+ cscut+| c +|cnoc| c +|+
vc|o+oc||+mcntc t|+b+||+| cm g|uos const|tu|oos nio +cn+s o| csu|s+oo|cs
|m |csumo +s ou+s cxos|ocs sob|c o |og|+m+ c||| +ssoc|+o+s s ucstocs |c|t+s c|os conv|o+-
oos susc|t+|+m ontos |mo|t+ntcs +|+ |ccxio no c+so o+ c||+io oc +ocs com ob,ct|vo s|m||+|
no ||+s|| |||mc||+mcntc ocst+c+-sc + |mo|tnc|+ oos |occssos +|t|c|+t|vos oc const|u|| |cocs so-
c|+|s cnvo|vcnoo csso+s com cxc||cnc|+ csu|s+oo|cs o+s +|c+s b+s|c+s c o+s soc|+|s c tom+oo|cs
oc occ|sio - +|+ cns+| sob|c +s |o|m+s c ocs+os oc |+zc| c|cnc|+ |+|+ |sso ooc-sc |+n+| mio oc
o||c|cntcs cst|+tcg|+s como + |omoio oc wo||s|os +|+ |ntcg|+io c ocscnvo|v|mcnto oc |o,ctos
con,untos + const|uio con,unt+ oc |o+om+s com b+sc n+s o||c|cntcs cont||bu|ocs conccio oc
+|t|cu|+ocs c |nst|umcntos oc convcnc|mcnto oc mcmb|os oo |cg|s|+t|vo sob|c +s ucstocs |c|+t|v+s
c|cnc|+ c |C| ^|cm o|sso cn|+t|z+-sc + ncccss|o+oc oc oocumcnt+| +s +ocs c |nvcst|mcntos |c|tos
cm um |og|+m+ ocst+ n+tu|cz+ o|uc +cn+s +ss|m c oss|vc| convcncc| +to|cs (como os o||t|cos)
+ +o|+|cm css+ |n|c|+t|v+ |+|+ |sso c ncccss+||o ocscnvo|vc| mctooos c b+scs +|+ |cg|st|o o+s |n|o|-
m+ocs convc|tcnoo-os cm m+tc||+| ut|| +|+ cns+| c cst+bc|ccc| nov+s +bo|o+gcns
^ scssio sob|c O Contcxto o+ |ov+ Cc|+io oc |C| contou com ou+s cxos|ocs c t|ouxc +s o|s-
cussocs +|+ o mb|to b|+s||c||o ^mb+s +s cxos|ocs + m|n|+ (|c+ Vc||o) c + o+ |o|csso|+ |||z+bc-
t| |+|b+c|cvs|y o+ |n|vc|s|o+oc oc io |+u|o t|+t+|+m + +|t|| oc |c|c|cnc|+|s +n+||t|cos o||c|cntcs
ucstocs b+st+ntc scmc||+ntcs ^ont+|+m muo+n+s |mo|t+ntcs n+ com|ccnsio oos |occssos
oc |oouio c uso oo con|cc|mcnto c n+ |og|c+ o+s o||t|c+s oc C| c n+ |c|+io cnt|c + comun|-
o+oc oc cscc|+||st+s c os tom+oo|cs oc occ|sio +|s muo+n+s cx|gcm |nvcst|mcnto cm tc|mos oc
com|ccnsio oos novos cvcntos uc sc m+tc||+||z+m n+ ncccss|o+oc oc cstuoos |o|m+io oc |ccu|-
sos |um+nos c |oouio oc nov+s b+scs oc o+oos c mctooo|og|+s +|+ const|uio oc |no|c+oo|cs
Os comcnt+||os |c|tos c|+ ||+ ^n+ |uc|+ ^ss+o oo C|| |ccon|cccm os ocs+os +|+ +gcnc|+s
como o C|| o+s muo+n+s +ont+o+s c|+s +|cst|+ntcs Com|cmcntou com out|+s o|cu|o+-
ocs nio |ocnt|c+o+s c|+s +|cst|+ntcs +|+ uc o scto| ub||co ||g+oo |C| oss+ o+| cont+ oc
su+s +t||bu|ocs ncstcs tcmos oc muo+n+ t+|s como |+|t+ oc u+||c+io |ntc|n+ nio +cn+s o+s
+gcnc|+s m+s t+mbcm oc out|os o|gios oc govc|no com os u+|s sc cst+bc|ccc +|cc||+s +s muo+n-
+s subst+nt|v+s no +t+m+| oc n+nc|+mcnto +|+ g|uos oc csu|s+ scm uc +s |nst|tu|ocs oc
csu|s+ (||nc|+|mcntc +s un|vc|s|o+ocs) cstc,+m |c+|+o+s +|+ +ssum|| +s |csons+b|||o+ocs oc
cont|++|t|o+ ^cs+| oc um+ |c+io oc +|tc oo |cn+||o uc cons|oc|ou +s co|oc+ocs oc cun|o
mu|to css|m|st+ c |cv+ntou cxcm|os bcm succo|oos oc ocscnvo|v|mcnto c|cnt|co c |nov+io no
+|s |ouvc um+ conco|onc|+ cx||c|t+ oos |cscntcs + |csc|to oc t|cs ontos |) oc uc + v|sio oc
c|cnc|+ muoou ||) oc uc + |oouio oc con|cc|mcnto c |c|t+ o| um+ |coc oc +to|cs |||) oc uc +s
20
Centro de G esto e Estudos Estratgicos
Cincia, Tecnologia e Inovao
La Velho
o||t|c+s oc C| ocvcm sc| o||c|cntcs |o,c |n|o|m+o+s |no|c+oo|cs oc +v+||+io t+mbcm o||c|cntcs
obsc|v+noo + |mo|tnc|+ o+s b+scs oc o+oos c o+ |ntcg|+io cnt|c +s b+scs oc o+oos Com cssc
g|+u oc conco|onc|+ cnt|c os o|vc|sos +to|cs soc|+|s |cscntcs ,u|gou-sc oss|vc| +v+n+| n+ o|scus-
sio sob|c um+ nov+ gc|+io oc |C|
|c |+to + u|t|m+ +|cscnt+io |c|t+ c|+ ||+ ||z-|c,+nc |ssbc|nc| oo |||C sob|c +s |+scs Concc|-
tu+|s cm || c |nov+io +ss|m como os comcnt+||os oo || |+||+no |+ccoo con|m+|+m css+
conco|onc|+ ^mbos +ont+m +s |+cun+s cm tc|mos oc nosso cntcno|mcnto sob|c os |occssos
oc |nov+io n+s noss+ cono|ocs c conscucntcmcntc + +uscnc|+ oc |no|c+oo|cs con+vc|s +|+
mon|to|+| c +v+||+| cssc |occsso
||n+|mcntc + +|cst|+ oc C|c||+ |||+g|bc ccnt|ou-sc n+ cxc||cnc|+ oo V+|c oo |||c|o n+ C+|||o|n|+
como cxcm|o cmb|cm+t|co oo uc sc||+ um c||cu|o v||tuoso oc um+ c||c|t+ |c|+io cm tc|mos
oc comun|o+oc c|cnt|c+ un|vc|s|o+oc cm|cs+ |cv+noo |nov+io c +||mcnt+oo o| um c||cu|to
oc c+|t+| n+ncc||o n+ |o|m+ oc c+|t+| oc ||sco |ss+ convc|gcnc|+ oc |ntc|csscs c css+ c++c|o+oc
oc o|+|ogo cnt|c +to|cs soc|+|s o|vc|sos c +|go + sc| busc+oo c|+ nov+ gc|+io oc |C| |+|+ t+nto
os comcnt+||os oo || |+u|o |g|c +ont+|+m uc sc||+ ncccss+||o cont|nu+| os cs|o|os oc ocscn-
vo|v|mcnto oc |ccu|sos |um+nos c oc |nst|tu|ocs oc csu|s+ cst|mu|+| +s ocm+no+s |oc+|s uc
tcm otcnc|+| +|+ gc|+| nov+s tccno|og|+s uc oocm sc| comct|t|v+s cm n|vc| |ntc|n+c|on+| so-
b|ctuoo |+ ncccss|o+oc oc |oco n+ |C| c oc cntcnoc| os cono|c|on+ntcs oo succsso c oo ||+c+sso
Como conc|usocs gc|+|s ooc-sc o|zc| uc os |cscntcs cstio +bc|tos cont|nu+io oo o|+|ogo no
scnt|oo oc cns+| n+ c|+bo|+io oc um+ |ov+ Cc|+io oc |o||t|c+s C|cnt|c+s ccno|og|c+s c oc
|nov+io |ouvc sugcstio oc c||+io oc um com|tc |o|m+oo o| mcmb|os o+ comun|o+oc oc cs-
u|s+ oc cscc|+||st+s cm C oc |c|cscnt+ntcs oos o|gios oc govc|no |c|+c|on+oos com + |C|
+|+ |cv+| +o|+ntc o o|+|ogo c c||+| oo|tun|o+ocs +|+ cont|nu+| +s o|scussocs | |mo|t+ntc |cm-
b|+| uc |occssos ocst+ n+tu|cz+ |cc|s+m oc um tcmo oc m+tu|+io c oc ||oc|+n+
La Maria Leme Strini Velho
Coo:ocn+oo:+
N o va g e ra o d e p o ltic a e m c i n c ia , te c n o lo g ia e in o va o
SEMINRIO INTERNACIONAL
21
Referncias
^|8^|| : C|cnc|+ c |st+oo no 8:+s|| mooc:no um cstuoo sob:c o C|| +,ss ||ssc:t+io (|cst:+oo
cm |ngcn|+:|+ oc |:oouio) CO||| Un|vc:s|o+oc |coc:+| oo ||o oc |+nc|:o. ||o oc |+nc|:o. +,ss
^|^||O | |os consc,os n+c|on+|cs oc c|cnc|+ y tccno|og|+ cn ^mc:|c+ |+t|n+ |x|tos y |:+c+sos oc|
,:|mc: occcn|o Comc:c|o |xtc:|o:. |cx|co. v s. n +i. , +|,,-|;. +,;s
8^:1O:. | |. COO||| C ^ ,o||t|c+| +,,:o+c| to sc|cncc +no tcc|no|ogy on |+t|n ^mc:|c+ |n
8^:1O: 8 COO||| (cos) |o||t|cs o| 1cc|no|ogy |n |+t|n ^mc:|c+ |onoon |out|cogc. |cw:o:|
U|U |:css. +,,,
8|^V|||^| |. O|z^||z : | : |os o:g+n|smos oc ,o||t|c+ c|cnt|c+ y tccno|og|c+ cm ^mc:|c+
|+t|n+ v+s||ngton. |C O|^. +,so
8|U||11| | | ^. |^U|^. | C :. :^|^|O1O : C|| Um |ntc+oo o+ |o||t|c+ Oc|+| |n C|| c
U||:CO C|cnc|+. 1ccno|og|+ c |cscnvo|v|mcnto i .8:+s|||+. ,,;-+i,. +,s,
|:|C |:|C st:+tcg|c ,|+n ioo,-io+| oc||vc:|ng |m,+ct t|:oug| soc|+| sc|cncc :w|noon |:|C. ioo,
|O||^z | C : C|cnt|st+s c m|||t+:cs no ocscnvo|v|mcnto oo C|| +,,o-+,s, n|. :io |+u|o |||:|
+,ss (sc:|c ||sto:|+ o+s C|cnc|+s :oc|+|s)
|O||| | | | C|cnc|+ c |st+oo ^ |o||t|c+ C|cnt|c+ no 8:+s|| :io |+u|o 1^ Quc|:oz. +,;,
|O|^|| | | O Consc||o |+c|on+| oc |csu|s+s c + |nst|tuc|on+||z+io o+ ,csu|s+ c|cnt|c+ no 8:+s||
|n :C|v^|1z|^|. : (o:g). Un|vc:s|o+ocs c |nst|tu|cs c|cnt|c+s no ||o oc |+nc|:o 8:+s|||+
C||. +,si
1||X|||^ |. |^|||| | |^|C1 Um+ ^|tc:n+t|v+ oc cstio ||n+ncc|:+ ,+:+ C81. |cv|st+ oc
^om|n|st:+io. :io |+u|o. v io n |. ,++,-++s. +,,+
1|X||^ : C|cnc|+ c |oco|og|+ +ntcccocntcs oc |+ c:c+c|on oc| CO||C|1 vcnczo|+no |n |+ c|cnc|+
,c:||c:|c+ C+:+c+s |ontc ^v||+ |o|to:cs. C||||:. +,s, , +o;-,s Co|ccc|on |stuo|os
U||1|| |^1|O|: ||UC^1|O|^|. :C|||1|||C ^|| CU|1U|^| O|^||z^1|O| |no|c+c|oncs
,+:+ |+ +,||c+c|on oc |+ c|cnc|+ y |+ tccno|og|+ +| ocs+::o||o oc ^mc:|c+ |+t|n+ |n|o:mc n+| oc
|+ Con|c:cnc|+ sob:c |+ +,||c+c|on oc |+ c|cnc|+ y |+ tccno|og|+ +| ocs+::o||o c ^mc:|c+ |+t|n+
o:g+n|z+oo:cs U||:CO. coo,c:+c|on con |+ Com|s|on |conom|c+ ,+:+ ^mc:|c+ |+t|n+ :+nt|+go oc
C|||c. +,-ii oc sct +,o,
U||1|| |^1|O|: ||UC^1|O|^|. :C|||1|||C ^|| CU|1U|^| O|^||z^1|O| |+ +cc|on oc
|+ U||:CO cm |os c+m,os oc |+ c|cnc|+ y |+ tccno|og|+cn ^mc:|c+ |+t|n+ y :cg|on oc| C+:|bc
|ontcv|oco U||:CO;|:;|OU;,ii. +,;|
U||1|| |^1|O|: ||UC^1|O|^|. :C|||1|||C ^|| CU|1U|^| O|^||z^1|O| !c +ct|v|t|cs o|
U||:CO |n :c|cncc +no 1cc|no|ogy U||:CO |C;|:o|;X|||,;^ |+:|s. sn]. +,o| (U||:CO
|n|o:m+t|on m+nu+|s)
23
Modos de produo de conhecimento e inovao.
Estado da arte e implicaes para a poltica cientca,
tecnolgica e de inovao
La Maria Strini Velho
1
1. Introduo
|csoc o |n|c|o oo |occsso oc |nst|tuc|on+||z+io o+ |o||t|c+ C|cnt|c+ c ccno|og|c+ c oc |nov+-
io (|C|) cm mc+oos oo sccu|o .o c +tc |o,c +s b+scs concc|tu+|s + cst|utu|+ o|g+n|z+c|on+| os
|nst|umcntos oc n+nc|+mcnto c +s |o|m+s oc +v+||+io oos mcsmos sio comuns +os +|scs uc
ocscn|+|+m c |m|cmcnt+|+m o||t|c+s cx||c|t+s +|+ cst|mu|+| + |oouio c ut|||z+io oc con|c-
c|mcnto c|cnt|co c tccno|og|co |c |+to +s s|m||+||o+ocs cnt|c +s o||t|c+s ub||c+s n+c|on+|s vo|-
t+o+s C| oos m+|s v+||+oos +|scs tcm s|oo const+ntcmcntc +ont+o+s c |cg|st|+o+s o| v+||os
+n+||st+s c cstuo|osos o+ ucstio
.

^ o||usio ocst+s |oc|+s oco||c +t|+vcs o+s |c|+ocs |ntc|n+c|on+|s cm |C| |sto c cont+tos no n|vc|
|ntc|n+c|on+| mco|+oos o| o|g+n|z+ocs |ntc|n+c|on+|s c o|g+n|smos mu|t||+tc|+|s |v|ocntcmcntc
t+mbcm cont||bu| oc m+nc||+ s|gn|c+t|v+ + cssc |occsso oc |ntc|n+c|on+||z+io o+ |C| o cont+to
cnt|c os cstuo|osos oo tcm+ c + ||oc|+n+ |ntc|cctu+| o+uc|cs oc +|t+ |cut+io ^s cx||c+ocs +|+
css+ convc|gcnc|+ +ont+m +|+ + g|ob+||z+io c|csccntc o+ cconom|+ c oos s|stcm+s oc csu|s+
uc co|oc+m tcm+s c ocm+no+s scmc||+ntcs +|+ +s o||t|c+s n+c|on+|s oc C| +ss|m como +|+ +s
|cssocs no|m+t|v+s cxc|c|o+s o| o|g+n|z+ocs |ntc|n+c|on+|s (OC|| O|C c \||O cnt|c out|+s)
n+ ocn|io oc ob,ct|vos c mco|o+s oc t+|s o||t|c+s (|cmo|+ .oo. ||+un .oo,)
|ss+ not+ tccn|c+ ocscnvo|vc um+ cx||c+io oc n+tu|cz+ o||c|cntc +|+ css+ s|m||+||o+oc o+s
o||t|c+s oc C| cu,+ |+|z ooc sc| cncont|+o+ n+ cvo|uio oo concc|to oom|n+ntc oc c|cnc|+
1 |c+ |+:|+ :t:|n| Vc||o c oouto:+ cm |o||t|c+ C|cnt|c+ c 1ccno|og|c+ ,c|+ Un|vc:s|o+oc oc :usscx (|c|no Un|oo). +tu+|mcntc c
,:o|csso:+ t|tu|+: cm |stuoos :oc|+|s o+ C|cnc|+ c o+ 1ccno|og|+ ,unto +o |c,+:t+mcnto oc |o||t|c+ C|cnt|c+ c 1ccno|og|c+. |nst|-
tuto oc coc|cnc|+s. o+ Un|vc:s|o+oc |st+ou+| oc C+m,|n+s (Un|C+m,)
2 |o: cxcm,|o. 8:oo|s (19s.). C|ub|n (19ss). :+|omon (19). :+g+st| (19s9). |ot|wc|| 8 |oogson (199.). |u|vo (1994). 8ozcm+n (1994).
||, (1994). ||z|ng+ 8 |+m|son (199). |oogson 8 8css+nt (199). |+gn|no 8 !om+s (1999). |+:coo 8 |ust+: (.001). Vc||o (.004)
24
Centro de G esto e Estudos Estratgicos
Cincia, Tecnologia e Inovao
La Velho
|m out|+s +|+v|+s o |oco os |nst|umcntos c +s |o|m+s oc gcstio uc ocncm + |C| num
octc|m|n+oo momcnto sio cst|c|t+mcntc |c|+c|on+oos com o concc|to oom|n+ntc oc c|cnc|+ uc
|nc|u| obv|+mcntc v|socs cscc|c+s sob|c +s |o|m+s oc |c|+io o+ c|cnc|+ com + soc|co+oc |+ mco|o+
cm uc o concc|to oom|n+ntc oc c|cnc|+ tcnoc + sc| |ntc|n+c|on+| t+mbcm +s o||t|c+s oc C| uc t+|
concc|to susc|t+ sio |ntc|n+c|on+|s |o| out|o |+oo +|no+ uc + |C| |c|t+ um+ conccio cscc|c+
oc c|cnc|+ t+| |c|+io c b+st+ntc com|cx+ +ss+ o| o||c|cntcs n|vc|s oc mco|+io cst+ su,c|t+ + um+
cno|mc o|vc|s|o+oc oc v+||+vc|s c c mu|to ouco com|ccno|o+ c |n|o|m+o+ o| cv|ocnc|+ cm|||c+
|csoc o momcnto cm uc sc c||ou n+ m+|o||+ oos +|scs o ++|+to |nst|tuc|on+| oco|c+oo |C|
+ com|ccnsio oos +n+||st+s c cstuo|osos sob|c + |oouio oc con|cc|mcnto c|cnt|co sc moo|-
cou +ss+noo oc um+ v|sio oc c|cnc|+ un|vc|s+| ||sto||c+ c soc|+|mcntc ncut|+ + um+ conccio
oc c|cnc|+ soc|+|mcntc |oc+||z+o+ c mooc|+o+ c|+s cono|ocs contcxtu+|s O ob,ct|vo +u| cntio
c ocscnvo|vc| o +|gumcnto oc uc + nov+ conccio oc c|cnc|+ co|oc+ ocs+os |mo|t+ntcs cm
tc|mos o+ com|ccnsio oos |occssos oc gc|+io c ut|||z+io oc con|cc|mcnto c|cnt|co ^|cm
o|sso t+| conccio ocvc||+ |n|o|m+| o||t|c+s o||c|cnc|+o+s oc C| c |occo|mcntos o||c|cnc|+oos
oc +v+||+io oos |csu|t+oos c |m+ctos oc t+|s o||t|c+s cm |c|+io conccio +ntc||o|
|+|+ +t|ng|| o ob,ct|vo c ocscnvo|vc| o +|gumcnto o tcxto cst+ o|g+n|z+oo cm t|cs scocs ^s
ou+s ||mc||+s co||csonocm |cscct|v+mcntc + c+o+ um+ o+s v|socs oc c|cnc|+ +c|m+ mcnc|o-
n+o+s u+|s sc,+m c|cnc|+ un|vc|s+| c soc|+|mcntc ncut|+ c c|cnc|+ soc|+|mcntc contcxtu+||z+o+
|+|+ c+o+ um+ ocst+s conccocs uc sc tomou |o|m+ c sc conso||oou num c||ooo ||sto||co
cscc|co +|cscnt+-sc o concc|to oom|n+ntc oc c|cnc|+ c out|+s c+tcgo||+s oc +n+||sc uc sc
+|gumcnt+ sio |og|c+mcntc oc||v+o+s oo concc|to t+|s como ucm |oouz con|cc|mcnto c|cn-
t|co + v|sio o+ |c|+io cnt|c c|cnc|+ tccno|og|+ c soc|co+oc + |+c|on+||o+oc (ou |og|c+) c o |oco
o+ o||t|c+ oc C| os |nst|umcntos oc +n+||sc oc o||t|c+s c oc +v+||+io ^ ||n|+ gc|+| oc +|gu-
mcnt+io c uc u+noo |cv+|cc|+ + conccio oc c|cnc|+ ncut|+ c un|vc|s+| o ocscn|o |m|c-
mcnt+io c +v+||+io o+s o||t|c+s c|+m |c|+t|v+mcntc ||v|cs oc ||m|t+ocs concc|tu+|s c +ss|vc|s
oc sc|cm t|+ns|c||oos oc um +|s +|+ out|o ^ nov+ conccio oc c|cnc|+ soc|+|mcntc contcx-
tu+||z+o+ co|oc+ o|cu|o+ocs t+nto concc|tu+|s como mctooo|og|c+s +|+ + |C| n+ mco|o+ cm
uc ouco sc s+bc ||nc|+|mcntc no contcxto oc +|scs cm ocscnvo|v|mcnto (+|no+ uc |sso
t+mbcm sc,+ vc|o+oc +|+ os +|scs |noust||+||z+oos) sob|c +s cono|ocs cm uc sc |oouz c sc
ut|||z+ con|cc|mcnto gc|+noo os |m+ctos ocsc,+oos
^ tc|cc||+ scio oo tcxto cntio |ocnt|c+ + t|tu|o oc ||ust|+io +|gum+s |+cun+s no con|cc|mcnto
sob|c como sc |oouz c ut|||z+ c|cnc|+ tccno|og|+ c |nov+io |no|c+noo tcm+s c ucstocs uc nc-
ccss|t+m sc| |nvcst|g+o+s oc mooo + +umcnt+| noss+ com|ccnsio sob|c os |occssos oc ocscobc|-
t+ c oc |nov+io c + subs|o|+| o||t|c+s b+sc+o+s cm cv|ocnc|+
N o va g e ra o d e p o ltic a e m c i n c ia , te c n o lo g ia e in o va o
SEMINRIO INTERNACIONAL
25
Modos de produo de conhecimento e inovao. Estado da arte e implicaes para a poltica cientca, tecnolgica e de inovao
^c|co|t+-sc uc + |og|c+ + sc| ocscnvo|v|o+ ncst+ not+ sc,+ ut|| nio +cn+s +|+ +n+||s+| o +ss+-
oo como +|+ cns+| c |+nc,+| o |utu|o u+nto + cstc u|t|mo conccbc| + c|cnc|+ como scnoo
soc|+|mcntc const|u|o+ oocnoo sc| o||cc|on+o+ c|+s ncccss|o+ocs c |c|c|cnc|+s n+c|on+|s
|c+||z+o+ com + +|t|c|+io oc mu|t||os +to|cs cc|t+mcntc |n|o|m+||+ o||t|c+s oc C| mu|to
o||c|cntcs o+s +tu+|s |ss+ oss|b|||o+oc c +|cnt+oo|+ +|+ os +n+||st+s oc |C| c +c|m+ oc tuoo
+|+ + ou|+io cm gc|+|
2. Cincia universal e socialmente neutra do ps-guerra at nal
de dcada de 1980
|ssc +|+o|gm+ c m+|c+oo c|o concc|to oc +utonom|+ o+ c|cnc|+ ^ comun|o+oc c|cnt|c+ |o-
c|+m+ + c|cnc|+ |o|+ oos |occssos soc|+|s c conscucntcmcntc ||bc|+ + s| |o||+ oc u+|uc| |cs-
ons+b|||o+oc c|o uso o+oo +os |csu|t+oos oc csu|s+ |co|s oo ocscnvo|v|mcnto oc m+t+n+
m+|s ou mcnos |noust||+||z+o+ n+ |||mc||+ Cuc||+ oo +c| o+ c|cnc|+ c o+ tccno|og|+ n+ cons-
t|uio oo ++|+to m|||t+| |+sc|st+ oo c||ooo cnt|c guc||+s + cguno+ Cuc||+ |uno|+| c|ocou +
comun|o+oc c|cnt|c+ |u|tos c|cnt|st+s t|n|+m +s mios su,+s c cx|st|+ um+ +ns|co+oc +|t|cu|+|
sob|c +s |m||c+ocs mo|+|s oo ||o,cto |+n|+tt+n uc ocscnvo|vcu +|m+s nuc|c+|cs |+|cc|+
cntio uc + c|cnc|+ ooc||+ sc ||g+| + |oco|og|+s c |o,ctos o||t|cos |ooc||+ cx|st|| um+ c|cnc|+
n+z|st+ ou um+ c|cnc|+ soc|+||st+ c |sso ocu nov+ |o|+ + um vc||o ocb+tc sob|c + +utonom|+
o+ c|cnc|+ cm |c|+io soc|co+oc |cmb|os |nucntcs o+ comun|o+oc c|cnt|c+ comc+|+m +
sc o|st+nc|+| o+ +||c+io o+ c|cnc|+ c + |oc+| no uc comcou + sc| c|+m+oo oc c|cnc|+ b+s|c+
(+|ccc cst|+n|o +|+ nos uc v|vcmos com cssc tc|mo + v|o+ too+ m+s + |oc|+ oc c|cnc|+ b+s|c+
c |c|+t|v+mcntc nov+ n+ ||sto||+ o+ c|cnc|+)
|ov|mcntos |mo|t+ntcs n+ |oso+ o+ c|cnc|+ zc|+m um +|+|c|o com c |o|nccc|+m + ,ust|c+t|-
v+ +|+ css+ ocn|io oc c|cnc|+ como b+s|c+ c sc+|+o+ o+ soc|co+oc |+|| |oc| o| cxcm|o
no scu ||v|o |+n+oo cm +,,+ !c Ocn oc|cty +no |ts |ncm|cs tcntou cst+bc|ccc| + b+sc |o-
soc+ o+ |noccnocnc|+ c ob,ct|v|o+oc o+ c|cnc|+ co|oc+noo-+ |o|+ oo +|c+ncc oos govc|nos tot+||-
t+||os c +n+|og+mcntc oc u+|uc| out|+ |o|m+ oc |ntc||c|cnc|+ soc|+|
|ss+ conccio oc c|cnc|+ como busc+ o+ vc|o+oc +t|+vcs o+ |+zio c o+ cxc||mcnt+io com o
ob,ct|vo oc g+|+nt|| + cxtcnsio oo con|cc|mcnto vc||c+oo (con|o|mc |c|ton +,,s]+,;,) t+m-
bcm co|oc+ o contcuoo oo con|cc|mcnto |o|+ oos ||m|tcs o+ +n+||sc soc|o|og|c+ |c +co|oo com
26
Centro de G esto e Estudos Estratgicos
Cincia, Tecnologia e Inovao
La Velho
css+ conccio o con|cc|mcnto c|cnt|co so ooc sc| |oouz|oo o| c|cnt|st+s cscc|c+mcntc
t|c|n+oos +|+ |oouz|| con|cc|mcnto ob,ct|vo |+|+ ,ust|c+| uc csso+s c+||cg+o+s oc |ntc|csscs
c su,c|t+s s |c|+ocs soc|+|s c |nucnc|+s cu|tu|+|s m+|s v+||+o+s sc,+m c++zcs oc |oouz|| con|cc|-
mcnto ob,ct|vo c |uno+mcnt+| + cont||bu|io scm|n+| oc |obc|t |c|ton sob|c +s no|m+s o+ c|cnc|+
|c|ton (+,|. +,;,) |st+s uc sio c|+m+o+s oc un|vc|s+||smo comun|smo ocs|ntc|cssc c cct|c|s-
mo o|g+n|z+oo mooc|+m c no|m+t|z+m o como|t+mcnto csc|+oo oos mcmb|os o+ comun|o+oc
oc csu|s+ +|+ g+|+nt|| + |oouio oc con|cc|mcnto ||v|c oc v+|o|cs c oc |nucnc|+s soc|+|s |+|+
o t|+b+||o oc |c|ton cont||bu||+m v+||os oc scus o|sc|u|os uc cstcnoc|+m +s no|m+s c +s tcs-
t+|+m cm|||c+mcntc (|o|m+n to|c| |on+t|+n c tcvcn Co|c |+|||ct zuc|c|m+n cnt|c out|os)
,

^|cm oc ob,ct|v+ + c|cnc|+ c v|st+ como + b+sc + o||gcm o+ tccno|og|+ |st+ o| su+ vcz c um+ |o|-
m+ oc con|cc|mcnto subo|o|n+o+ occnocntc o+ c|cnc|+ O |occsso oc t|+ns|o|m+io oo con|c-
c|mcnto c|cnt|co cm tccno|og|+ c su+ +|o||+io c|+ soc|co+oc sio conccb|oos oc |o|m+ ||nc+|
|n|c|+noo-sc com + c|cnc|+ +tc |oouz|| bcm-cst+| soc|+| (c|cnc|+ b+s|c+ c|cnc|+ +||c+o+ ocscnvo|v|-
mcnto tccno|og|co |nov+io o||usio o+ |nov+io c|csc|mcnto cconom|co c bcnc||c|o soc|+|) |o|
css+ |+zio cssc +|+o|gm+ |o| ocnom|n+oo oc c|cnc|+ como moto| oo |og|csso o ocscnvo|v|-
mcnto sc |n|c|+ com + c|cnc|+ ^ o||gcm ocstc mooc|o nio c bcm con|cc|o+ m+s cstuoos |cccntcs
tcm |no|c+oo uc c|c |o| um+ const|uio tco||c+ cm t|cs ct++s |c+||z+o+ o| c|cnt|st+s o+s +|c+s
oc cx+t+s c n+tu|+|s (t|+b+||+noo n+ +c+ocm|+ c n+ |noust||+) o| csu|s+oo|cs c consu|to|cs cm
csco|+s oc +om|n|st|+io c o| cconom|st+s (Coo|n .ooe)
|m+ o+s ||nc|+|s cv|ocnc|+s ocst+ v|sio o+ |c|+io cnt|c C| c soc|co+oc |o| o oocumcnto c|+-
bo|+oo o| V+nncv+| |us| + co|oo oo ||cs|ocntc |ooscvc|t oos ||^ c cnt|cguc +o ||cs|ocntc
|um+n cm +,|, uc sc const|tu|u ostc||o|mcntc cm um s|mbo|o ocst+ conccio o cc|cb|c
c|cncc t|c |no|css ||ont|c| ^|no+ uc nio tcn|+ s|oo |us| uc c||ou t+| mooc|o como mu|t+s
vczcs sc +|m+ o oocumcnto uc c|c |oouz|u oct+||+ o |uno+mcnto oo c|+m+oo mooc|o ||nc+|
oc |nov+io cm uc sc |oc+||z+v+ + c|cnc|+ como um+ ||ontc||+ scm m |stcs concc|tos +ss+|+m
+ sc| + b+sc oc um novo cont|+to soc|+| cnt|c + comun|o+oc c|cnt|c+ c o cst+oo (|on+ync +,s|)
|ss+ v|sio cx||mc um+ |c u+sc |c||g|os+ n+ c|cnc|+ no ooc| o+ c|cnc|+ +|+ + so|uio oc |ob|c-
m+s (||c|son +,ss,) Como +|m+ |us| (+,,,+,|,])
Advances in science when put to practical use mean more jobs, higher wages, shorter hours,
more abundant crops, more leisure for recreation, for study, for learning how to live the dea-
dening drudgery which has been the burden of the common man for past ages. Advances in
3 |xcm,|os o+ cont:|bu|io ocstcs +uto:cs sio :to:c: (19). Co|c 8 Co|c (19!). zuc|c:m+n (19s)
N o va g e ra o d e p o ltic a e m c i n c ia , te c n o lo g ia e in o va o
SEMINRIO INTERNACIONAL
27
Modos de produo de conhecimento e inovao. Estado da arte e implicaes para a poltica cientca, tecnolgica e de inovao
science will also bring higher standards of living, will lead to the prevention or cure of diseases,
will promote conservation of our limited resources, and will assure means of defense against
aggression (p. ).
C|+m+o+ oc |n|nc|+ o+s |o||t|c+s oc C|cnc|+ (+|omon +,;;) oc |oc+ |ou|+o+ oos C|cnt|st+s
(|| +,,| ) c oc |c||ooo o+ |ngcnu|o+oc (||oo|s |co|t +,s.) cst+ |+sc o+ |C| sc c+|+ctc||z+
o| |ccu|sos (n+ncc||os c |um+nos) cm c|csc|mcnto cxoncnc|+| (|||cc+,e,) |cst+ |+sc o |st+oo
como ||nc|+| n+nc|+oo| o+ c|cnc|+ oc|cg+v+ cst+ t+|c|+ +os consc||os oc csu|s+ c cst+s oc|c-
g+v+m +s ||nc|+|s occ|socs +os |o||os c|cnt|st+s os un|cos ,u|zcs comctcntcs |ssc |occsso
uc tcm s|oo c|+m+oo oc oc|cg+io ccg+ +ssumc uc + comun|o+oc c|cnt|c+ c c++z oc occ|o||
o uc o c mc||o| +|+ + soc|co+oc (||+un .oo,) ^ ncccss|o+oc oc |cst+| cont+s soc|co+oc c|-
o|+ su+ |mo|tnc|+ u+noo con||ont+o+ com o +|gumcnto oc uc o s|stcm+ oc |cv|sio o| +|cs
cst+v+ sc|cc|on+noo + mc||o| csu|s+ c |sto c|+ o uc o govc|no (c + soc|co+oc) ocsc,+v+ (ou oc-
vc||+ ocsc,+|) ^ comun|o+oc c|cnt|c+ cntio t|n|+ g|+noc +utonom|+ n+ o|st||bu|io oc |ccu|sos
|cst+v+ cont+s +cn+s + s| |o||+ c nio sc su,c|t+v+ + u+|uc| cont|o|c soc|+| o||cto
O |oco o+ |C| o+o+ + conccio oc c|cnc|+ c|+ o |o|t+|cc|mcnto o+ +t|v|o+oc oc csu|s+ c |o|-
m+io oc |ccu|sos |um+nos (c|csc|mcnto o+ c|cnc|+ c o+ c++c|t+io) o uc sc convcnc|onou
c|+m+| oc o||t|c+ com cn|+sc n+ o|c|t+ ou |o||t|c+ C|cnt|c+ O|c|t|st+ (|c||c|+ +,;,) Os +to|cs
||nc|+|s u+sc cxc|us|vos o+ |C| sio os |o||os csu|s+oo|cs c o ||nc|+| |nst|umcnto oc -
n+nc|+mcnto sio |o,ctos |no|v|ou+|s c oc ||v|c csco||+ submct|oos +os Consc||os oc |csu|s+ o|
|n|c|+t|v+ oos csu|s+oo|cs
^ +v+||+io o+ o||t|c+ oc C| c scus |nst|umcntos sc o+v+ no n|vc| m|c|o |sto c oo |o,cto |no|v|-
ou+| submct|oo c|o csu|s+oo| (cx-+ntc) c oo ocscmcn|o oo csu|s+oo| ||nc|+|mcntc +t|+-
vcs oc su+s ub||c+ocs (cx-ost) ^ +v+||+io sc |+z|+ cxc|us|v+mcntc c|o |occsso oc |cv|sio oos
+|cs uc +|cm oc |unc|on+| como cont|o|c oc u+||o+oc t+mbcm ocn|+ um |c|c|cnc|+| oc govc|-
n+b|||o+oc |ntc|n+ +|+ + c|cnc|+ + |cv|sio o| +|cs cst+v+ tot+|mcntc |nst|tuc|on+||z+o+ como mc-
tooo c |occo|mcnto +|+ +|oc+| |ccu|sos +|+ c|cnc|+ +|+ |cm|+| c const|u|| |cut+ocs c +|+
o|st||bu|| ooc| c |cst|g|o ocnt|o o+ comun|o+oc c|cnt|c+ ^ |cv|sio o| +|cs nio c +cn+s um+
|ot|n+ oo s|stcm+ soc|+| o+ c|cnc|+ m+s c t+mbcm s|mbo|o c g+|+nt|+ oc su+ +utonom|+
Os mov|mcntos soc|+|s c oc cont|+cu|tu|+ oo n+| oos +nos eo c |n|c|o oos ;o const|tu||+m-sc cm
tc||cno |c|t|| +|+ o ucst|on+mcnto o+ v|sio un|c+mcntc os|t|v+ o+ c|cnc|+ c oc scus |m+ctos
|ntc|cctu+|s csc|cvcnoo + +|t|| oc o|vc|s+s c|scct|v+s - t+|s como |cw|s |um|o|o c |+cucs |||u|
- sugc||+m uc |+v|+ cxtc|n+||o+ocs ncg+t|v+s +ssoc|+o+s +os |csu|t+oos c +||c+ocs o+ c|cnc|+ c o+
28
Centro de G esto e Estudos Estratgicos
Cincia, Tecnologia e Inovao
La Velho
tccno|og|+ ^o mcsmo tcmo +uto|cs m+|s +m|+mcntc ||oos - como + b|o|og+ |+c|c| C+|son |ns-
||+oo|+ oo mov|mcnto +mb|cnt+||st+ c o |ccu|so| oo mov|mcnto oc consum|oo|cs |+|| |+oc|
- |cv+nt+|+m ucstocs sc||+s sob|c os ||scos cnvo|v|oos n+s tccno|og|+s como || c o +utomovc|
Co|v+|| |sc||to|cs ou|+|cs como !cooo|c |osz+| c ^|v|n o c| t+mbcm cont||bu||+m +|+ |c-
v+| +o munoo +c+ocm|co c +o ub||co cm gc|+| o +|gumcnto oc uc + c|cnc|+ c + tccno|og|+ sio
|nc|cntcmcntc |mbu|o+s oc v+|o|cs c ||cucntcmcntc |ob|cm+t|c+s cm tc|mos oos |m+ctos uc
+c+||ct+m n+ soc|co+oc |o| ncstc contcxto uc + c|cnc|+ c + tccno|og|+ +ss|m como su+s |c|+ocs
com + soc|co+oc sc to|n+|+m ob,cto oc cstuoo o+noo o||gcm +os |stuoos oc|+|s o+ C|cnc|+ c o+
ccno|og|+ |ssc contcxto soc|+| |o| |uno+mcnt+| +|+ + muo+n+ n+ conccio oc c|cnc|+ uc co-
mcou + sc oc||nc+| no n+| oos +nos ;o c |n|c|o oos +nos so
^ss|m + |cgcmon|+ o+ vc|sio o+ c|cnc|+ ||ontc||+ scm m +ssou + sc| ucst|on+o+ ocsoc mc+oos
oos +nos eo m+s com m+|s |c|vo| nos +nos ;o O uso o+ C n+ guc||+ oo V|ctn+m os mov|mcntos
oc t|+b+||+oo|cs uc c|o|+m su+s os|ocs ocv|oo s nov+s tccno|og|+s + ocg|+o+io oo mc|o +m-
b|cntc + conccnt|+io oc |cno+ c|+m +ont+oos como cv|ocnc|+ oc uc + c|cnc|+ nio c|+ cxt|+-soc|+|
c mu|to mcnos soc|+|mcntc ncut|+ |sso |cvou + um+ v|sio oc uc +|no+ uc o contcuoo o+ c|cnc|+
sc,+ ||v|c oc |nucnc|+s soc|+|s scu |oco su+ o||cio c scu uso oocm c ocvcm sc| cont|o|+oos
|cst+ conccio oc c|cnc|+ uc ocvc sc| o|||g|o+ +|no+ sio os c|cnt|st+s os un|cos +to|cs soc|+|s uc
|oouzcm con|cc|mcnto m+s c|cs ocvcm |+zc-|o |c|c|cnc|+|mcntc cm g|uos ,+ uc os |ob|cm+s
uc tcm uc |cso|vc| cx|gcm comb|n+io oc s+bc|cs c cont+to com o munoo |c+| |o|t+nto +ssou-
sc + +c|co|t+| uc os csu|s+oo|cs nio ocvcm tc| tot+| +utonom|+ +|+ occ|o|| su+ +gcno+ oc cs-
u|s+ (uc nio c m+|s v|st+ como o|t+o+ c|+ |og|c+ |ntc|n+ |o||+ o+ c|cnc|+) m+s ocvcm sc| |cv+oos
+ t|+b+||+| cm |ob|cm+s |c|cv+ntcs +|+ + soc|co+oc (+|t|cu|+|mcntc o mc|c+oo)
^ |c|+io cnt|c c|cnc|+ c tccno|og|+ +|no+ c|+ conccb|o+ como ||nc+| m+s +go|+ com cn|+sc n+ oc-
m+no+ Ou sc,+ nio c m+|s + c|cnc|+ uc cmu||+ + tccno|og|+ (sc|cncc us|) m+s o mc|c+oo +s
ncccss|o+ocs oos usu+||os uc ux+m o ocscnvo|v|mcnto c|cnt|co (ocm+no u||) |cst+ |c|+io
cnt|c c|cnc|+ c tccno|og|+ +s cm|cs+s c|+m t|o+s como ossu|noo c++c|t+io c |+b|||o+ocs +|+
,u|g+| +s ocm+no+s oo mc|c+oo |ocnt|c+| oo|tun|o+ocs tccno|og|c+s c +|t|cu|+| ncccss|o+ocs c
ocm+no+s |o|t+nto +s cm|cs+s s+bc||+m +tc uc t|o oc c|cnc|+ c|+s |cc|s+||+m
|m ||n|+ com css+ v|sio o |oco o+ o||t|c+ c|+ conccbc| |nccnt|vos +|+ uc os csu|s+oo|cs t|+-
b+||+sscm cm |ob|cm+s |c|cv+ntcs +|+ o scto| |oout|vo c c||+| oo|tun|o+ocs +|+ t|+ns|c|cn-
c|+ oc tccno|og|+ |+|+ +t|ng|| o ||mc||o ob,ct|vo c||+|+m-sc |nst|umcntos cscc|cos +|+ +|oc+|
|ccu|sos +|+ +|c+s ||o||t+||+s (scto||+|s ||nc|+|mcntc cnc|g|+ tc|ccomun|c+ocs c out|+s ||g+o+s
N o va g e ra o d e p o ltic a e m c i n c ia , te c n o lo g ia e in o va o
SEMINRIO INTERNACIONAL
29
Modos de produo de conhecimento e inovao. Estado da arte e implicaes para a poltica cientca, tecnolgica e de inovao
|n||+cst|utu|+) |+oo uc os |nst|umcntos oc o||t|c+ busc+v+m o|||g|| o ocscnvo|v|mcnto c|cn-
t|co v|ncu|+noo-o s ncccss|o+ocs tccno|og|c+s css+ |+sc tcm s|oo c|+m+o+ oc |o||t|c+ oc C
V|ncu|+c|on|st+ (|+gn|no ct +| +,,e) ou como o||t|c+ oc oc|cg+io o| |nccnt|vos ou sc,+ +|+
|cccbc| os |ccu|sos os csu|s+oo|cs tcm uc sc oco|c+| + tcm+s cons|oc|+oos |mo|t+ntcs +|+
+s +gcnc|+s (||+un .oo,) Como +s +|+v|+s c|+vc sio csu|s+ +|+ o ocscnvo|v|mcnto tccno|og|-
co sio |c|t+s +o|ocs n+ m|ssio o+s ||nc|+|s +gcnc|+s n+nc|+oo|+s oc csu|s+ (os |+mosos Con-
sc||os oc |csu|s+ c||+oos n+s occ+o+s +ntc||o|cs) uc +ss+|+m c sc| |csons+vc|s t+mbcm c|o
mcnos nom|n+|mcntc c|o +o|o +o ocscnvo|v|mcnto tccno|og|co ^|no+ uc os c|cnt|st+s tcn|+m
cont|nu+oo + sc| os ||nc|+|s +to|cs o+ o||t|c+ oc C| c|cs t|vc|+m uc o|v|o|| o +|co com sc|v|-
oo|cs ub||cos (o||cy-m+|c|s) c com os o||t|cos n+ ocn|io o+s ||o||o+ocs
^ |cv|sio o| +|cs cont|nuou + tc| um +c| ccnt|+| n+ +|oc+io oc |ccu|sos c n+ +v+||+io m+s
nio m+|s un|co |cscnvo|vc|+m-sc |no|c+oo|cs c|cnt|cos oc outut como +ux|||+|cs |cv|sio o|
+|cs +|s |no|c+oo|cs n+ su+ m+|o||+ oc n+tu|cz+ b|b||omct||c+ cv|ocnc|+m + |ntcnio oc uc +
+n+||sc u+nt|t+t|v+ o+ c|cnc|+ |ossc ut|| c con+vc| +|+ + tom+o+ oc occ|sio cm o||t|c+ c|cnt|c+
|

c oc cc|t+ |o|m+ uc os tom+oo|cs oc occ|sio no govc|no nio uc||+m m+|s oc|x+| + occ|sio oc
como +|oc+| |ccu|sos +|+ c|cnc|+ cxc|us|v+mcntc com os |o||os c|cnt|st+s (||v|nc |+|t|n +,s.)
Out|os +uto|cs no cnt+nto +c|co|t+m uc os bu|oc|+t+s oo govc|no os ||oc|cs cm|cs+||+|s c ou-
t|+s c||tcs |cuc|cm (ou t+|vcz tcn|+m s|oo convcnc|oos c|os cm|cs+||os c|cnt|cos oc uc c|cs
|cuc|cm) |n|o|m+ocs sob|c + c|cnc|+ +|+ ooc| o||cc|on+| c oc|cnoc| + o||t|c+ c|cnt|c+ cst|mu-
|+noo o |og|csso c|cnt|co c +umcnt+noo + |oout|v|o+oc c|cnt|c+ - ||nc|+|mcntc +|+ sc|v||
os |ntc|csscs o+ c||tc oc c|cnt|st+s c o+s c|+sscs oom|n+ntcs (Co|||ns |cst|vo +,s, +,|) u+|uc|
uc tcn|+ s|oo + |+zio o |+to c uc c||+io c conso||o+io o+s b+scs oc o+oos b|b||omct||cos |o|+m
cst|mu|+o+s +ss|m como +s mctooo|og|+s +|+ |oouio oc |no|c+oo|cs
Com + +g|cg+io o+ m|ssio +o|o +o ocscnvo|v|mcnto tccno|og|co c||+|+m-sc un|o+ocs cscc|+||-
z+o+s cm +v+||+io tccno|og|c+ (tcc|no|ogy +sscssmcnt como o O cc |o| cc|no|ogy ^sscssmcnt
(O^) nos |st+oos |n|oos) +|+ cnt|c out|+s |unocs |ocnt|c+| +s c+|cnc|+s cm tc|mos oc con|c-
c|mcnto c|cnt|co +|+ o ocscnvo|v|mcnto tccno|og|co cm v+||os scto|cs Com + |m|cmcnt+io
oc |og|+m+s com|cxos com m|ssocs conc|ct+s ocscnvo|vc|+m-sc mctooo|og|+s oc +v+||+io cx-
ost o| +|nc|s comostos oc cscc|+||st+s c usu+||os ||cocu+o+ com + c|o+ oc +utonom|+ +
4 Um+ |no|c+io b+st+ntc s|ntom+t|c+ oc uc + +n+||sc u+nt|t+t|v+ o+ c|cnc|+ muo+v+ oc gc:+io ncss+ c,oc+. c o +nunc|o ,ub-
||c+oo cm :c|cncc Um+ nov+ m+nc|:+ oc +v+||+: + ,:oout|v|o+oc c|cnt|c+ cst+ ,:cstcs + sc to:n+: :c+||o+oc ^n+||sc oc c|t+io. +tc
+go:+ um+ |c::+mcnt+ m|stc:|os+ oos ||sto:|+oo:cs c soc|o|ogos o+ c|cnc|+. |o| :cn+o+ +o ,onto oc o|c:ccc: ,oss|b|||o+ocs c+o+ vcz
m+|s |ntc:css+ntcs +o +om|n|st:+oo: o+ c|cnc|+ (v+oc. 19. ,4.9)
30
Centro de G esto e Estudos Estratgicos
Cincia, Tecnologia e Inovao
La Velho
comun|o+oc c|cnt|c+ ||oc|ou um+ sc||c oc cstuoos |o,c cons|oc|+oos c|+ss|cos uc |ocu|+|+m
cv|ocnc|+| + |mo|tnc|+ o+ csu|s+ b+s|c+ +|+ o ocscnvo|v|mcnto tccno|og|co o |||||C| c
|c|+to||o o |^C|
,
busc+noo most|+| uc os |nov+ocs tccno|og|c+s cons|oc|+o+s |mo|t+ntcs so
|o|+m oss|vc|s g|++s +os |csu|t+oos o+ csu|s+ b+s|c+ sc,+ c|+ o||cnt+o+ +|+ ob,ct|vos cscc|cos
ou u|+ |oouz|noo con|cc|mcnto c|o con|cc|mcnto |sscs oo|s cstuoos c+o+ um c+||cg+noo
+ mcns+gcm c os |ntc|csscs oc su+s |cscct|v+s comun|o+ocs (csu|s+oo|cs +c+ocm|cos no c+so
oo |^C| c csu|s+oo|cs oos |nst|tutos ||g+oos oc|cs+ no c+so oo ||nos|g|t) |o|+m |csost+s
+ um+ |ong+ sc||c oc c||t|c+s o|||g|o+s + +scctos cscc|cos oo mooc|o ||nc+| oc |nov+io c con-
ccio oc c|cnc|+ como moto| oo |og|csso uc ||c o+ sustcnt+io |og|c+
3. A cincia socialmente contextualizada a partir da dcada de 1990
Os |occssos oc g|ob+||z+io o+ cconom|+ + |oco|og|+ o+ ||bc|+||z+io (||v+t|z+io ocs|cgu|+mcn-
t+io |couio ou |cmoio oc subs|o|os c oc b+||c||+s t+|||+||+s c nio-t+|||+||+s +o comc|c|o |ntc|-
n+c|on+| +t|+io oc |nvcst|mcnto o||cto cst|+ngc||o) |ns||+o+ no Conscnso oc \+s||ngton sio o
ccn+||o cm uc sc ocscnvo|vcu um+ nov+ conccio oc c|cnc|+
O g|+noc numc|o oc csu|s+oo|cs t|+b+||+noo |o|+ oo s|stcm+ +c+ocm|co (m+|s oc ;o/ nos +|scs
|noust||+||z+oos) |cvou v+||os +uto|cs + ucst|on+|cm o com|om|sso oos c|cnt|st+s com +s no|m+s
|c|ton|+n+s (\cbstc| +,,+ |u||+y +,;,) O +|gumcnto b+sc+v+-sc cm csu|s+s cm|||c+s uc
ocmonst|+v+m uc n+ vc|o+oc +o cont|+||o oc cx|b||cm com|om|sso com +s no|m+s o+ c|cnc|+
ocsc||t+s o| |c|ton c scus scgu|oo|cs os c|cnt|st+s most|+v+m um not+vc| o|st+nc|+mcnto ocssc
t|o oc conout+ Out|os +uto|cs +ont+v+m + +uscnc|+ oc um+ soc|o|og|+ oo con|cc|mcnto c|cnt|-
co (|+|ncs +,;| ||oo| +,;e |u||+y +,;,) c uc||+m cntcnoc| os |occssos uc oco||cm ocnt|o
o+ c+|x+ |ct+ o+ |oouio oo con|cc|mcnto +|+ cu,+ n+||o+oc |o|+m c||+oos v+||os |og|+m+s
cm|||cos +|s |og|+m+s cn|+t|z+m + n+tu|cz+ cont|ngcntc c soc|+|mcntc |oc+||z+o+ oos |+tos c|cn-
t|cos +oot+m um+ c|scct|v+ |c|+t|v|st+ c conccbcm + c|cnc|+ como const|uio soc|+|
e

5 :ob:c ,:o,cto ||nos|g|t. vc: |:c|||+m, (191). c sob:c o 1:+ccs (1cc|no|ogy |n |ct:os,cct +no C:|t|c+| |vcnts |n :c|cncc) vc: ||1
|csc+:c| |nst|tutc (19s). |+ t+mbcm um+ +n+||sc :cccntc oc oo|n (.00)
6 Os ,:|nc|,+|s ,:og:+m+s oc ,csu|s+ ocscnvo|v|oos com cssc ob,ct|vo sio o ,:og:+m+ |o:tc oc |o|nbu:go. o :c|+t|v|smo oc
8+t| c os c|+m+oos cstuoos oc |+bo:+to:|o Um+ +,:cscnt+io gc:+| ocstcs ,:og:+m+s ,ooc sc: cncont:+o+ cm |no::-Cct|n+ 8
|u||+y (19s!) |stuoos cm,|:|cos uc us+m o :c|c:cnc|+| ocstcs ,:og:+m+s con|o:m+m um+ v+:|+o+ c cxtcns+ ||tc:+tu:+ ,ub||c+o+.
sob:ctuoo. nos ,c:|oo|cos :oc|+| :tuo|cs o| :c|cncc c :c|cncc. 1cc|no|ogy +no |um+n V+|ucs ^o |ongo ocstcs +nos. v+:|os out:os
+uto:cs moo|c+:+m +s,cctos oos ,:og:+m+s o:|g|n+|s c const|tu|:+m out:os ,:og:+m+s oc ,csu|s+ ^ ,:|nc|,+| c+:+ctc:|st|c+ co-
mum + tooos csscs ,:og:+m+s c + v|sio o+ c|cnc|+ como soc|+|mcntc const:u|o+. cu,o contcuoo cst+ su,c|to + +n+||sc soc|o|og|c+.
+ss|m como scu |oco. su+ o|:cio c uso
N o va g e ra o d e p o ltic a e m c i n c ia , te c n o lo g ia e in o va o
SEMINRIO INTERNACIONAL
31
Modos de produo de conhecimento e inovao. Estado da arte e implicaes para a poltica cientca, tecnolgica e de inovao
|ss+ nov+ conccio oc c|cnc|+ tcm s|oo |o|tcmcntc |c,c|t+o+ c|os csu|s+oo|cs o+s +|c+s oc
c|cnc|+s n+tu|+|s uc +|no+ vccm + s| |o||os como |oouto|cs oc con|cc|mcnto ob,ct|vo
c ||v|c oc |nucnc|+s soc|+|s - c cst+bc|cccu-sc o uc sc c|+mou oc c|cncc \+|s (C|oss |c-
v|tt +,,s)
;
|x|stcm +scctos conscnsu+|s c cont|ovc|t|oos ocst+ nov+ conccio oc c|cnc|+ c
os ocb+tcs +|no+ cstio cm +no+mcnto |io c o c+so oc +|cscnt+| csscs ocb+tcs +u| m+s v+|c
cn|+t|z+| uc + noio oc c|cnc|+ como soc|+|mcntc const|u|o+ cst+ c+o+ vcz m+|s +cc|t+ sc nio
c|os |o||os c|cnt|st+s c|os cstuo|osos o+ |oouio oc con|cc|mcnto c|cnt|co c tccno|og|-
co c|os +n+||st+s oc C| c c|os tom+oo|cs oc occ|sio (+tc o|uc css+ v|sio +tcnoc mc||o| +os
|ntc|csscs ocstcs u|t|mos)
cnoo + c|cnc|+ co|oc+o+ n+ cst|utu|+ soc|+| css+ nov+ conccio |ccon|ccc uc + |oouio oc
con|cc|mcnto sc o+ cm |oc+|s mu|t|v+||+oos como cm|cs+s |os|t+|s O|Cs c nio +cn+s no s|s-
tcm+ +c+ocm|co o|t+nto nio c +cn+s o c|cnt|st+ t|+o|c|on+| uc |oouz con|cc|mcnto |stc c
|oouz|oo n+ |ntc||+cc oc |c|+ocs cnt|c +gcntcs mu|t||os ^|cm o|sso cstuoos |no|c+m uc out|os
mooos oc |oouio oc con|cc|mcnto oc c+|+ctc||st|c+s |ntc| c t|+nso|sc|||n+|cs uc sc oio no
contcxto oc +||c+io cstio sc to|n+noo c+o+ vcz m+|s |mo|t+ntcs c |cv+|cccntcs (C|bbons ct +|
+,,|) ^ss|m + un|o+oc b+s|c+ oc |oouio oc con|cc|mcnto nio c m+|s + comun|o+oc c|cnt|c+
m+s +s c|+m+o+s comun|o+ocs t|+nsc|stcm|c+s (|no||-Cct|n+ +,s,)
s

^ cmc|gcnc|+ o+ conccio oc c|cnc|+ soc|+|mcntc contcxtu+||z+o+ co|nc|o|u com ucst|on+mcn-
tos |mo|t+ntcs oc cconom|st+s c ||sto||+oo|cs o+ tccno|og|+ sob|c o mooc|o ||nc+| oc |nov+io
|sscs cstuoos +|gumcnt+v+m |o|tcmcntc c com cv|ocnc|+s cm|||c+s uc + tccno|og|+ c scus +|-
tc|+tos nio sio c||+oos c|+ c|cnc|+ |csmo nos c+sos mooc|nos oc |nov+io tccno|og|c+ |+o|c+|
como o t|+ns|sto| cstuoos most|+m uc os c+m|n|os +|+ + tccno|og|+ nio |o|+m o+oos c|+s
ocscobc|t+s c|cnt|c+s (C|bbons +no |o|nston +,s.)
|||cc (+,e,) |o| um oos ||mc||os +uto|cs + ucst|on+| + |c|+io ||nc+| cnt|c c|cnc|+ c tccno|og|+ +|-
m+noo uc c+o+ um+ ocst+s cnt|o+ocs co||csonoc + um+ |o|m+ o||c|cntc oc |oouio oc con|c-
c|mcnto +|s |o|m+s sc |c|+c|on+m oc+s|on+|mcntc c oc |o|m+ b|un|voc+ |c |+to + ||sto||+ tcm
7 ^ +n+||sc o+ c|cnc|+ ,o: nio c|cnt|st+s nio c um |cnomcno novo ^ |oso+ o+ c|cnc|+ c + soc|o|og|+ o+ c|cnc|+ +ssoc|+o+ com o
nomc oc |obc:t |c:ton tcm um+ |ong+ ||sto:|+ O uc +t:+|u + |:+ oos c|cnt|st+s (+|guns ,oucos uc sc +uto-ocs|gn+:+m ,o:t+-voz-
cs o+ c|cnc|+. |o| o mov|mcnto cm o|:cio + +n+||sc soc|+| oo contcuoo o+ c|cnc|+. c|+m o+ +n+||sc o+ o:g+n|z+io soc|+| o+ c|cnc|+
8 |m cstuoo. |o,c cons|oc:+oo c|+ss|co. cm uc :c|+t+ :csu|t+oos oc um +no oc obsc:v+io cm um |+bo:+to:|o o+ Un|vc:s|o+oc oc
8c:|c|cy nos |U^. |no::-Cct|n+ (19s!) c:|t|c+ + noio convcnc|on+| oc comun|o+oc c|cnt|c+ ,:cv+|cntc n+ concc,io oc c|cnc|+
soc|+|mcntc ncut:+ ||+ +:gumcnt+ uc t+| noio c um+ const:uio |oco|og|z+o+ c o|st+ntc oo o|+ + o|+ o+ ,:oouio oc con|cc|-
mcnto ^:gumcnt+ +|no+ uc +s +:cn+s oc +io cm uc o t:+b+||o c|cnt|co sc ocscnvo|vc sio t:+nsc,|stcm|c+s. |sto c. c|+s |nc|ucm
c|cnt|st+s c nio c|cnt|st+s c |nc|ucm +:gumcntos c ,:cocu,+cs oc n+tu:cz+ tccn|c+ c nio-tccn|c+
32
Centro de G esto e Estudos Estratgicos
Cincia, Tecnologia e Inovao
La Velho
|numc|os c+sos bcm oocumcnt+oos oc como + c|cnc|+ sc ocscnvo|vcu + +|t|| oc |nst|umcntos c
+|tc|+tos const|u|oos o| +|tcsios c cngcn|c||os (|oscnbc|g +,,. to|cs +,,; |owc|y +no |o-
scnbc|g +,,s |+|o|nc +,,, |oc|gcs +no ||nn .oo+)
|m+ gu|+ ccnt|+| ncssc ocb+tc |o| |+t|+n |oscnbc|g uc +|mou uc |) + ocscobc|t+ b+sc+o+
cm csu|s+ nio c um+ |+sc |c||m|n+| o+ |nov+io ||) + |nov+io nio c um |occsso scucnc|+| m+s
um uc cnvo|vc mu|t||+s |ntc|+ocs c |ct|o-+||mcnt+ocs +|+ c||+io oc con|cc|mcnto |||) |nov+-
io c um |occsso oc +|cno|z+gcm uc cnvo|vc mu|tos |nsumos c + csu|s+ nio c ncccss+||+mcntc
um oc|cs |v) + |nov+io nio occnoc oc |occssos oc |nvcnio c t+|s |occssos (uc cnvo|vcm ||
|o|m+|) tcnocm + sc| |c+||z+oos +|+ so|uc|on+| |ob|cm+s cm +t|v|o+ocs co||cntcs oc |nov+io c nio
+|+ |n|c|+| + um+ +t|v|o+oc oc |nov+io (|oscnbc|g +,;e +,s. |||nc |oscnbc|g +,se)
^ |uz ocstc novo cntcno|mcnto oo |occsso oc |nov+io nos u|t|mos +, +nos |o|+m ocscnvo|v|oos
v+||os mooc|os cx||c+t|vos o+ |c|+io cnt|c c|cnc|+ tccno|og|+ c soc|co+oc cm gc|+| c sob|c |o-
ouio c uso oo con|cc|mcnto cm +|t|cu|+| |m gc|+| tooos csscs mooc|os +cs+| oc t|+b+||+-
|cm com c+tcgo||+s +n+||t|c+s o||c|cntcs cn|+t|z+m + |c|+io nio ||nc+| cnt|c csu|s+ c |oouio
conccbcm os |occssos oc gc|+io c uso oc con|cc|mcnto como scnoo oc n+tu|cz+ mu|to m+|s
com|cx+ cnvo|vcnoo v+||os +to|cs |oc+||z+oos c |ntc|+g|noo cm contcxtos soc|+|s +|t|cu|+|cs (Vc-
||o .oo|) Os ||nc|+|s mooc|os c |oost+s sio |ooo + c |ooo . (C|bbons ct +| +,,|) s|stcm+s
n+c|on+|s oc |nov+io (||ccm+n +,,, |c|son +,,, |unov+|| +,,.) |c||cc t|||+ (|tz|ow|tz |cy-
ocsoo| .ooo) const|uio soc|+| o+ tccno|og|+ (||,|c| +,,,) tco||+ oo +to|-|coc (|+tou| \oo|g+|
+,;, |+tou| +,ss C+||on +,s;) | comum + tooos os mooc|os + |oc|+ oc uc |oouio oc con|cc|-
mcnto c cst|utu|+ soc|+| sio |nt|m+mcntc |c|+c|on+oos +o onto oc uc nio sc s+bc onoc comc+
+ C c tc|m|n+ + soc|co+oc c v|cc-vc|s+ |io |+ o|t+nto sc+|+io oss|vc|
^ +bo|o+gcm +ssoc|+o+ +os mooc|os s|stcm|cos |ntc|+t|vos cst+ scnoo +bso|v|o+ o| +n+||st+s c
|o|mu|+oo|cs ou cxccuto|cs oc o||t|c+ Os |nst|umcntos oc n+nc|+mcnto busc+m +o|+| |o,c-
tos |ntc|o|sc|||n+|cs c |ntc||nst|tuc|on+|s (+to|cs t|+b+||+noo cm contcxtos |nst|tuc|on+|s o|vc|sos)
com ocst+uc +|+ |og|+m+s oc co|+bo|+io cnt|c o scto| ub||co oc csu|s+ c o scto| ||v+oo
^to|cs ||nc|+|s +go|+ cnvo|vcm +|cm oc csu|s+oo|cs t+mbcm os o||t|cos c sc|v|oo|cs ub||-
cos cconom|st+s cscc|+||st+s cm m+||ct|ng |noust||+|s +tc + comos|io oos com|tcs c +|nc|s
+|+ +|oc+io oc |ccu|sos c +v+||+io o+ |C| |cctc css+ mu|t|||c|o+oc oc +to|cs soc|+|s |ovos
|nst|umcntos uc +uto||z+m o| cxcm|o + conccssio oc subvcnocs cconom|c+s + cm|cs+s +|+
+ |c+||z+io oc +t|v|o+ocs oc || c |nov+io tccno|og|c+ |omcm com os +|+o|gm+s +ntc||o|cs
v|ncu|+oos +o mooc|o ||nc+|
N o va g e ra o d e p o ltic a e m c i n c ia , te c n o lo g ia e in o va o
SEMINRIO INTERNACIONAL
33
Modos de produo de conhecimento e inovao. Estado da arte e implicaes para a poltica cientca, tecnolgica e de inovao
O succsso oc um |nst|umcnto oc o||t|c+ nio sc mcoc m+|s +cn+s c|os |csu|t+oos oos |o,ctos
n+nc|+oos cm tc|mos oc |oouio +c+ocm|c+ (numc|o oc ub||c+ocs c c|t+ocs) +|no+ uc csscs
|no|c+oo|cs cont|nucm + sc| c|+vc c us+oos oc m+nc||+s c cm s|tu+ocs cm uc tcm ouc+ |cg|t|-
m|o+oc |cscnvo|vcm-sc mctooo|og|+s +|+ cst|m+| os |m+ctos cconom|cos c soc|+|s +ss|m como
novos |nst|umcntos +|+ octcct+| oo|tun|o+ocs como |o|cs|g|t c +tc oc +|t|c|+io ub||c+ n+
|ocnt|c+io o+s ||o||o+ocs +|+ n+nc|+mcnto o+ csu|s+ ub||c+ |+ busc+ o| |no|c+oo|cs oc
|nov+io com + c||+io oc cst|utu|+s s|stcm+t|c+s +|+ co|ct+ oc |n|o|m+io b+scs oc o+oos c mc-
tooos oc +n+||sc c |ntc||ct+io
|+tou-sc +tc +u| oc ou+s v|socs oc c|cnc|+ u+|s sc,+m c|cnc|+ un|vc|s+| c soc|+|mcntc ncut|+ c c|-
cnc|+ soc|+|mcntc contcxtu+||z+o+ |+|+ c+o+ um+ ocst+s conccocs uc sc tomou |o|m+ c sc con-
so||oou num c||ooo ||sto||co cscc|co +|cscntou-sc o concc|to oom|n+ntc oc c|cnc|+ c out|+s
c+tcgo||+s oc +n+||sc uc con|o|mc sc +|gumcntou sio |og|c+mcntc oc||v+o+s oo concc|to t+|s como
ucm |oouz con|cc|mcnto c|cnt|co + v|sio o+ |c|+io cnt|c c|cnc|+ tccno|og|+ c soc|co+oc + |+c|o-
n+||o+oc (ou |og|c+) c o |oco o+ o||t|c+ oc C| os |nst|umcntos oc +n+||sc oc o||t|c+s c oc +v+||+io
|m |csumo ocst+s c+tcgo||+s +|+ c+o+ um+ o+s conccocs oc c|cnc|+ cncont|+-sc no u+o|o +
|ss+ moo|c+io n+ noss+ com|ccnsio sob|c + conccio oc c|cnc|+ c conscucntcmcntc sob|c
os |occssos oc |oouio c uso oc con|cc|mcnto co|oc+m v+||+s ucstocs +|+ + conccio oc
o||t|c+s oc C| |st+s sc|io t|+t+o+s n+ |ox|m+ scio
Quadro 1- Concepes de Cincia e Poltica Cientca, Tecnolgica e de Inovao
|c||ooo |+|+o|gm+
|os-Cuc||+s 1c0s C|cnc|+ como |oto| oo
||og|csso
^ +|t|| o+ occ+o+ oc 10 C|cnc|+ como |ontc
oc Oo|tun|o+oc |st|+tcg|c+
Conccio oc C|cnc|+
||sto||c+ c soc|+|mcntc ncut|+ |n|vc|s+| |og|c+
|ntc|n+ |o||+
oc|+|mcntc const|u|o+ |c|+t|v|smo |st||os
|+c|on+|s Con|cc|mcnto |oc+| c t+c|to
ucm ||oouz
Con|cc|mcnto
Os c|cnt|st+s (|cub||c+ o+ C|cnc|+)
|o|m+s c V+|o|cs |stcm+ oc |ccomcns+
|ccon|cc|mcnto c|os +|cs
C|cnt|st+s |ngcn|c||os out|os |oss|on+|s
o||ct+mcntc |nucnc|+oos o| um+ com|cx+
|coc oc +to|cs c |ntc|csscs ||vc|s|o+oc oc
congu|+ocs o+s |cocs
|c|+io C| ||nc+| sc|cncc us| |cm+no u||
|ooc|os |ntc|+t|vos |ntcg|+ o|c|t+ c ocm+no+
|cvc|s|b|||o+oc o+s |cocs
|+c|on+||o+oc c |oco
|o||t|c+ C|
|o|t+|cc|mcnto o+ C++c|o+oc oc |csu|s+
O|c|t|smo |oco n+ |o||t|c+ C|cnt|c+
|ocnt|c+io oc ||o||o+ocs V|ncu|+c|on|smo
|oco n+ |o||t|c+ ccno|og|c+
||og|+m+s cst|+tcg|cos |csu|s+ co|+bo|+t|v+
(|+|cc||smo ) Coo|ocn+io c gcstio
|n||+cst|utu|+ |oco n+ |o||t|c+ oc |nov+io
^n+||sc c ^v+||+io
|no|c+oo|cs oc |nut |no|c+oo|cs
b|b||omct||cos oc ouut |cv|sio o| +|cs (+
c|cnc|+ oc u+||o+oc m+|s ccoo ou m+|s t+|oc
cncont|+ +||c+io
|cv|sio o| +|cs +m||+oo ^n+||sc oc |m+ctos
||og|+m+s |o|cs|g|t c const|uio ccn+||os
|no|c+oo|cs c|cnt|cos
|no|c+oo|cs oc |nov+io
|+|t|c|+io ub||c+
34
Centro de G esto e Estudos Estratgicos
Cincia, Tecnologia e Inovao
La Velho
4. Questes relevantes para nova gerao de polticas de cincia,
tecnologia e inovao
|o c||ooo oom|n+oo c|+ conccio oc c|cnc|+ un|vc|s+| c soc|+|mcntc ncut|+ |ouvc um+ cno|-
mc +t|v|o+oc oc |oouio oc con|cc|mcnto uc ocu sustcnt+io s o||t|c+s C| |o| mcnc|on+oo
no tcxto +c|m+ + |mo|tnc|+ c o +|c+ncc oos cstuoos oc |c|ton c scus scgu|oo|cs +|+ + com|c-
cnsio oo |unc|on+mcnto oo s|stcm+ soc|+| o+ c|cnc|+ oo s|gn|c+oo o+ ub||c+io +|+ o s|stcm+
oc |ccomcns+ c como css+s ocscobc|t+s sc|v||+m oc b+sc + um+ o||t|c+ c|cnt|c+ vo|t+o+ +|+
+ csu|s+ b+s|c+ c oc|cg+o+ |o||+ comun|o+oc oc csu|s+oo|cs |ss+ o||t|c+ buscou com||+|
|n|o|m+ocs |o|m+| b+scs oc o+oos ocscnvo|vc| mctooo|og|+s oc +n+||sc c oc gc|+io oc |no|c+oo-
|cs uc uocsscm +ux|||+| o |occsso oc gcstio o+ |oouio c uso oc con|cc|mcnto
Com + muo+n+ o+ conccio oc c|cnc|+ c o+ noss+ com|ccnsio oos |occssos oc |nov+io o
con|cc|mcnto gc|+oo no +|+o|gm+ +ntc||o| tcm uc sc |c|ntc||ct+oo c sio mu|t+s +s ucstocs
uc +|no+ ocvcm sc| |csono|o+s +|+ uc sc oss+ conccbc| ocscn|+| cxccut+| c +v+||+| o||t|c+
C| uc cont||bu+m +|+ o ocscnvo|v|mcnto ocsc,+oo |st+s ucstocs sio oc n+tu|cz+ concc|tu+| c
mctooo|og|c+ c t+mbcm o||t|c+
|o onto oc v|st+ concc|tu+| c ncccss+||o cntcnoc| mc||o| o| cxcm|o css+ nov+ conccio oc
c|cnc|+ soc|+|mcntc contcxtu+||z+o+ |gn|c+ como +|gumcnt+m +|guns +uto|cs uc o contcxto
cst+ sc to|n+noo c+o+ vcz m+|s +|tc o+ csu|s+ (|owotny ct +| .oo+) C+so os|t|vo como sc
ooc |ntc||c||| oc t+| |o|m+ uc + +gcno+ oc csu|s+ |nco|o|c os c|cmcntos oo contcxto uc sc
ocsc,+ ^ |csost+ + css+s ucstocs c |uno+mcnt+| +|+ +|scs como o ||+s|| uc tcm +mb|cntcs
n+tu|+|s c soc|+|s tio o|vc|sos c uc ncccss|t+m ||n|+s oc csu|s+ |o||+s como mctooo|og|+s c
b+scs oc o+oos |o||+s
| ncccss+||o cntcnoc| t+mbcm +s |m||c+ocs ocstcs novos mooos oc |oouio oc con|cc|mcn-
to c|cnt|co (|ntc|+t|vos |ntc||nst|tuc|on+|s) +|+ os |occssos oc |o|m+io oc novos csu|s+oo-
|cs |stuoos |c+||z+oos n+ |u|o+ c nos ||^ tcm s|stcm+t|c+mcntc +ont+oo uc os cg|cssos oc
oouto|+oo scntcm-sc m+| |c+|+oos +|+ c+||c||+s nio +c+ocm|c+s +|t|cu|+|mcntc +|+ t|+b+-
||+| cm cm|cs+s ||v+o+s ocst|no oc um+ +|cc|+ cons|oc|+vc| oc|cs O uc c|cs +ont+m c uc o
t|c|n+mcnto no oouto|+oo |oc+ ocm+s|+o+mcntc n+ csu|s+ ncg||gcnc|+noo o ocscnvo|v|mcnto
oc out|+s |+b|||o+ocs |mo|t+ntcs t+|s como c++c|o+oc +|+ t|+b+||+| cm cu|c c++c|o+oc oc
gcstio n+ncc||+ o+ csu|s+ |+b|||o+oc oc comun|c+io c +|cscnt+io c++c|o+oc oc |ntc|+io
com co|cg+s oc out|+s o|sc|||n+s ou com +to|cs oc out|os scto|cs c++c|o+oc oc ||oc|+n+ c |cso-
|uio oc con|tos cntcno|mcnto c gc|cnc|+mcnto oc ucstocs |c|+t|v+s |o||co+oc |ntc|cctu+|
N o va g e ra o d e p o ltic a e m c i n c ia , te c n o lo g ia e in o va o
SEMINRIO INTERNACIONAL
35
Modos de produo de conhecimento e inovao. Estado da arte e implicaes para a poltica cientca, tecnolgica e de inovao
c |+b|||o+ocs +|+ ncgoc|+io ^ conc|usio oc t+|s cstuoos c uc o t|c|n+mcnto cm um+ cscc|+||-
o+oc c|cnt|c+ ou +c+ocm|c+ (c u+t|o +nos |+zcnoo |sso cm um+ |c|+io oo t|o mcst|c-+|cno|z)
con|o|mc c t|+o|c|on+|mcntc ocn|oo ooc sc| mu|to mcnos |c|cv+ntc |o,c cm o|+ oo uc ,+ |o|
no +ss+oo
,

|+ mcsm+ |o|m+ o ucst|on+mcnto oos mooc|os oc |nov+io b+sc+o+ n+ c|cnc|+ (mooc|o ||nc-
+|) |cv+m + um con,unto oc |ob|cm+s cm|||cos |stcs |nc|ucm o| cxcm|o como +s |nov+ocs
oco||cm n+ |+t|c+ c cm contcxtos cscc|cos u+| o +c| oo con|cc|mcnto c|cnt|co no |o-
ccsso oc |nov+io u+| o +c| o+ cngcn|+||+ o+s |+b|||o+ocs +|tcs+n+|s oo con|cc|mcnto t+c|to
oo ocs|gn c oc out|+s |o|m+s oc con|cc|mcnto u+| o +c| o+s |c+ocs oo mc|c+oo Como css+s
|+t|c+s o||c|cm cnt|c tccno|og|+s |noust||+s scto|cs |cg|ocs +|scs u+noo sc +b+noon+ o mooc-
|o ||nc+| +b|cm-sc nov+s m+nc||+s +|+ sc cns+| sob|c |nov+io
+|s ucstocs concc|tu+|s uc sio +cn+s cxcm|os |cc|s+m oc nov+s mctooo|og|+s c b+scs oc o+-
oos +|+ sc|cm +n+||s+o+s |m g|+noc |ob|cm+ ncst+ o|mcnsio oos o+oos c uc +s b+scs oc o+oos
+s cst+t|st|c+s c |no|c+oo|cs um+ vcz uc comc+m + sc| us+oos c||+m |nst|tu|ocs t+nto n+ |o|m+
oc o|g+n|z+ocs uc |oouzcm os o+oos como cm tc|mos oc |+b|tos oc cns+| c |ntc||ct+| |n-
tc|csscs oos |oouto|cs o+ |n|o|m+io c cstcs sio mu|to o|||cc|s oc sc|cm muo+oos Coo|n (.ooe
e|+) o| cxcm|o +|m+ uc
^ |ong+ sob|cv|vcnc|+ oo mooc|o ||nc+| oc |nov+io +cs+| o+s c||t|c+s uc so||cu ocvc-sc
s cst+t|st|c+s cnoo sc cn|+|z+oo com +,uo+ o+s c+tcgo||+s cst+t|st|c+s +|+ cont+| |ccu|-
sos c +|oc+| |unoos c|cnc|+ c tccno|og|+ c sc to|n+oo o +o|io nos m+nu+|s mctooo|og|-
cos o+ O|C| o mooc|o ||nc+| |unc|on+v+ como um |+to soc|+| |ooc|os ||v+|s o| su+ |+|t+
oc |uno+mcntos cst+t|st|cos nio oo|+m subst|tu|| o mooc|o ||nc+| |+c||mcntc
^n+|og+mcntc somos tooos tcstcmun|+s o+ |o|+ o+s cm|cs+s oc |n|o|m+io c|cnt|c+ uc
|oouzcm b+scs como + \cb o| c|cncc (|cutc|s-!omson c + cous (||scv|c|) ^ ocsc|to o+s
|ccon|cc|o+s ||m|t+ocs concc|tu+|s c mctooo|og|c+s ocst+s b+scs +|+ + tom+o+ oc occ|sio cm
|C| +s cst+t|st|c+s uc |oouzcm v||+|+m o +o|io +|+ +v+||+io o+ csu|s+ no ||+s|| c tcm
|m||c+ocs |mo|t+nt|ss|m+s +|+ + +|oc+io oc |ccu|sos |o|t+nto um+ cono|io csscnc|+| +|+
o su|g|mcnto oc um+ nov+ gc|+io oc o||t|c+s C| c + gc|+io oc |n|o|m+io c oc mctooos +|+
9 |ssc +:gumcnto tcm s|oo ut|||z+oo cm v+:|os oocumcntos :csu|t+ntcs oc o|scussio cnt:c ,csu|s+oo:cs c |nst|tu|cs oc ,o||t|-
c+s oc ,csu|s+ nos |st+oos Un|oos c |u:o,+ |+:+ sc tc: um+ |oc|+ ocsscs +:gumcntos sob:c + ncccss|o+oc oc muo+n+s no mooc|o
oc |o:m+io oc oouto:cs vc: wwwcs|o:g. c C|||: (.00.) ,+:+ + |u:o,+. |c-cnv|s|on|ng t|c ||| (.000) c o|oc +no |o:c (.001)
,+:+ os |U^
36
Centro de G esto e Estudos Estratgicos
Cincia, Tecnologia e Inovao
La Velho
+|u|v+| c +n+||s+| t+| |n|o|m+io + |oouio oc cst+t|st|c+s concc|tu+|mcntc v+||o+s c mctooo|o-
g|c+mcntc con+vc|s |sso scm ouv|o+ |cuc| + |o|m+io oc |ccu|sos |um+nos cscc|+||z+oos um+
o+s g|+nocs c+|cnc|+s uc sc cn||cnt+ ,+ |o,c ncst+ +|c+
||n+|mcntc cx|stcm ucstocs oc n+tu|cz+ o||t|c+ uc |cc|s+m sc| cn||cnt+o+s ^ m+|s
|mo|t+ntc t+|vcz sc,+ o |+to oc uc t+nto + conccio oc c|cnc|+ un|vc|s+| c soc|+|mcntc ncu-
t|+ como + oo mooc|o ||nc+| oc |nov+io cstio |o|uno+mcntc +||+|g+o+s cnt|c os csu|s+oo|cs
b|+s||c||os c no ++|+to oo govc|no (c |ov+vc|mcntc t+mbcm no |m+g|n+||o ou|+|) ^mb+s +s
conccocs tcm s|oo mu|to |nucntcs ^s o|g+n|z+ocs +c+ocm|c+s c os csu|s+oo|cs +tc |o,c ,us-
t|c+m + ncccss|o+oc c + obtcnio oc m+|s |ccu|sos oc csu|s+ us+noo cssc mooc|o |u|to ou-
c+s csso+s uc cstuo+m os |occssos oc |oouio c uso oc con|cc|mcnto oc|cnocm +|no+ cssc
cntcno|mcnto o+ |nov+io Como +|mou |+t|+n |oscnbc|g (+,,| +,,) ooo munoo s+bc uc o
mooc|o ||nc+| oc |nov+io cst+ mo|to |+s sc|+ uc cssc c |c+|mcntc o c+so
Referncias
8^|||: 8 :c|cnt|c |now|cogc +no :oc|o|og|c+| !co:y |onoon |out|cogc 8 |cg+n |+u|. +,;|
8||||| v O| 8|cyc|cs. 8+|c||tcs. +no 8u|bs 1ow+:os + !co:y o| :oc|otcc|n|c+| C|+ngc C+mb:|ogc ||1
|:css. +,,,
8|OO| | |now|cogc +no :oc|+| |m+gc:y |onoon |out|cogc 8 |cg+n |+u|. +,;o
8Oz||^| 8 |v+|u+t|ng ovc:nmcnt 1cc|no|ogy 1:+ns|c: |+:|y |m,+cts o| t|c Coo,c:+t|vc
1cc|no|ogy |+:+o|gm |o||cy :tuo|cs |ou:n+| ii. :|]. n,. , ,ii-,i; +,,|
8|^U| | |+st tcns|ons |n :csc+:c| ,o||cy-m+||ng + oc|cg+t|on ,:ob|cm n ,. , ,o,-,i+ ioo,
8|OO|: | :c|cncc |no|c+to:s +no :c|cncc |:|o:|t|cs |n Qu+||ty |n :c|cncc. by | |+ |o||cttc C+mb:|ogc
!c ||1 |:css. +,si
8U:| V :c|cncc !c cno|css |:ont|c: +,|, |c,:|nt. |o:t| :t:+t|o:o. || ^yc: Co +,,,
C^||O| | :oc|cty |n t|c |+||ng t|c stuoy o| 1cc|no|ogy +s + too| |o: t|c soc|o|og|c+| +n+|ys|s |n
!c :oc|+| Const:uct|on o| 1cc|no|og|c+| :ystcms |cw ||:cct|ons |n t|c :oc|o|ogy +no ||sto:y o|
1cc|no|ogy. by v|cbc 8|,|c: +no !om+s c ||nc|. 1:cvo: |ug|cs. s,-+oo C+mb:|ogc ||1 |:css. +,s;
C||1|| |O| ||||| ||UC^1|O| |O||C: :1U|||: C|+ng|ng |oocs o| |now|cogc |:oouct|on +no
N o va g e ra o d e p o ltic a e m c i n c ia , te c n o lo g ia e in o va o
SEMINRIO INTERNACIONAL
37
Modos de produo de conhecimento e inovao. Estado da arte e implicaes para a poltica cientca, tecnolgica e de inovao
|+bo: |+:|cts|n ||OC||||| O| 1|| ||1|||^1|O|^| vO||:|O|. Un|vc:s|ty o| 1wcntc.
|nsc|coc. !c |ct|c:|+nos. i+-ii Oct iooi
C|U8|| | | |csc+:c| |v+|u+t|on +no t|c cnc:+t|on o| 8|g :c|ccc |o||cy |now|cogc C:c+t|on.
||uc|on. Ut|||z+t|on ,. n i. , i,|-i;; +,ss
CO|| :. CO|| | :oc|+| :t:+t|c+t|on |n :c|cncc C||c+go Un|vc:s|ty o| C||c+go |:css. +,;,
CO||||: |. ||:1|VO : |cvc|o,mcnt. ||vc:s|ty. +no Con|ct |n t|c :oc|o|ogy o| :c|cncc :oc|o|og|c+|
Qu+:tc:|y. vi|. ,+s,-ioo +,s,
|^|||O |. ||||^| 1 |+ |o||t|c+ C|cnt|c+ y 1ccno|og|c+ cn ^mc:|c+ |+t|n+ ||||: +i. n o. , |,-;|
+,,,
|^|||O |. ||||^| 1. ^|||C^| | || ,cns+m|cnto cn c|cnc|+. tccno|og|+ y soc|co+o cn
|+t|no+mc:|c+ un+ |ntc:,:ct+c|on oc su t:+yccto:|+ ||||: , , +,-,+ +,,o
||C|:O| | !c |cw |o||t|cs o| :c|cncc C||c+go !c Un|vc:s|ty o| C||c+go |:css. +,ss
|O|:O| |. 8|::^|1 | |cct|vc |nnov+t|on |o||cy |onoon |out|cogc;|ntc:n+t|on+| !omson
8us|ncss |:css. +,,o
||z||^ ^. |^||:O| ^ C|+ng|ng |o||cy ^gcno+s |n sc|cncc +no 1cc|no|ogy |n |+noboo| o| :c|cncc
+no 1cc|no|ogy :tuo|cs. |^:^|O|| | |. |||C| | C. ||1||:|| 1 | , ,;i-,,; |onoon :+gc.
+,,,
|1z|Ov|1z |. ||:||:|O||| | !c |yn+m|cs o| |nnov+t|on |:om |+t|on+| :ystcms +no |ooc i to
1:|,|c |c||x o| un|vc:s|ty-|noust:y-govc:nmcnt |csc+:c| |o||cy i, , +o,-+i, iooo
|||||^| C !c |+t|on+| :ystcm o| |nnov+t|on |n ||sto:|c+| |c:s,cct|vc C+mb:|ogc |ou:n+| o|
|conom|cs +,. n +. , ,-i| iooo
|88O|: |. ct +| !c |cw |:oouct|on o| |now|cogc |onoon :+gc |ub||c+t|ons. +,,|
|88O|: |. |O||:1O| | | !c :o|cs o| sc|cncc |n tcc|no|og|c+| |nnov+t|on. |csc+:c| |o||cy. v ,. ,
iio-i|i +,;i
O||| 8 !c ||nc+: mooc| o| |nnov+t|on !c ||sto:|c+| :cconst:uct|on o| +n +n+|yt|c+| |:+mcwo:|.
:c|cncc. 1cc|no|ogy +no |um+n V+|ucs. v ,+. n o. , o,,-oo; iooo
O||| C. |O|| 1 ^t c:oss ,u:,oscs w|+t t|c cx,c:|cnccs o| too+ys oocto:+| stuocnts :cvc+| o|
oocto:+| couc+t|on. |cw C|+:|t+b|c 1:ust. ioo+ ||s,on|vc| cm|tt,;;www,|o-su:vcyo:g;
:c,o:t/ion+|,o|. ^ccsso cm o, nov iooo
38
Centro de G esto e Estudos Estratgicos
Cincia, Tecnologia e Inovao
La Velho
|O:: | |. ||V|11 | ||g|c: :u,c:st|t|on t|c +c+ocm|c |c|t +no |ts u+::c|s w|t| :c|cncc 8+|t|mo:c
!c |o|ns |o,||ns Un|vc:s|ty |:css. +,,s
|c::c:+. ^m||c+: :oc|+| |ctc:m|n+nts o| :c|cncc |o||cy |n |+t|n ^mc:|c+ |n :c|cncc. 1cc|no|ogy +no
|cvc|o,mcnt , +,-,; |onoon |:+n| C+ss. +,;,
||1 ||:|^|C| ||:1|1U1| 1cc|no|ogy |n :ct:os,cct +no c:|t|c+| cvcnts |n sc|cncc (1|^C|:)
v+s||ngton |+t|on+| :c|cncc |ouno+t|on. +,os
||V||| |. |^|1|| 8 |s |oss|b|c V+|o:+: |+ |nvcst|g+c|on |u:+ |unoo C|cnt|co. v+i. n++. ,+oi-+,,.
+,si
|^||||| | |ngcn|ous |u:su|t 8u|o|ng t|c :c|cnt|c |cvo|ut|on |onoon ||tt|c. 8:own +no Com,+ny.
+,,,
8|||v^|| |. :|||| 1 |nst:umcnt+t|on 8ctwccn :c|cncc. :t+tc +no |noust:y |o:o:cc|t ||uwc:
^c+ocm|c |ub||s|c:s. ioo+
||||| :. |O:||8|| | ^n Ovc:v|cw o| |nnov+t|on |n | |+no+u (co). !c |os|t|vc :um :t:+tcgy
|+:ncss|ng 1cc|no|ogy |o: |conom|c :owt| v+s||ngton |+t|on+| ^c+ocmy |:css. +,so ,
i;,,oo
||O||-C|1||^ |. |U||^: | :c|cncc Obsc:vco |c:s,cct|vcs on t|c :oc|+| :tuoy o| :c|cncc
|onoon :+gc. +,s,
||O||-C|1||^ | !c |t|nog:+c :tuoy o| :c|cnt|c vo:| 1ow+:os + Const:uct|v|st |ntc:,:ct+t|on o|
:c|cncc |n :c|cncc Obsc:vco |c:s,cct|vcs on t|c :oc|+| :tuoy o| :c|cncc. , ++,-+|o |onoon :+gc.
+,s,
||||||^|| | ||nos|g|t +no t|c :c+| wo:|o o| sc|cncc ,o||cy :c|cncc :tuo|cs. v+. , |,-oo. +,;+
|^|||O |. |U:1^| | |csc+:c| +no |nnov+t|on |o||c|cs |n t|c |cw |ob+| |conomy ^n |ntc:n+t|on+|
Com,+:+t|vc ^n+|ys|s C|c|tc|+m |ow+:o ||g+:. ioo+
|^1OU| 8. vOO|^| : |+bo:+to:y |||c !c :oc|+| Const:uct|on o| :c|cnt|c |+cts |onoon +no
8cvc:|y ||||s :+gc. +,;,
|^1OU| 8 ^ :c|+t|v|st|c +ccount o| ||nstc|n's :c|+t|v|ty :oc|+| :tuo|cs o| :c|cncc +s. , ,-|| +,ss
|||O|^ 1 Convc:gcncc o| n+t|on+| sc|cncc +no tcc|no|ogy ,o||c|cs |csc+:c| |o||cy ,,. n ,. , +|s+-
+|,o iooi
|U||V^|| 8-^ |+t|on+| :ystcms o| |nnov+t|on 1ow+:os + !co:y o| |nnov+t|on +no |ntc:+ct|vc
|c+:n|ng |onoon |:+nccs ||ntc:. +,,i
N o va g e ra o d e p o ltic a e m c i n c ia , te c n o lo g ia e in o va o
SEMINRIO INTERNACIONAL
39
Modos de produo de conhecimento e inovao. Estado da arte e implicaes para a poltica cientca, tecnolgica e de inovao
|||1O| | | |+:+o|gm |o: + :oc|o|ogy o| |now|cogc |n !c :oc|o|ogy o| :c|cncc !co:ct|c+| +no
|m,|:|c+| |nvcst|g+t|ons C||c+go C||c+go Un|vc:s|ty |:css. +,;,
|||1O| | | !c |o:m+t|vc :t:uctu:c o| :c|cncc |n !c :oc|o|ogy o| :c|cncc !co:ct|c+| +no
|m,|:|c+| |nvcst|g+t|ons C||c+go Un|vc:s|ty o| C||c+go |:css. +,;,
|Ov||: | C. |O:||8|| | |+t|s o| |nnov+t|on 1cc|no|og|c+| C|+ngc |n iot| Ccntu:y ^mc:|c+
C+mb:|ogc C+mb:|ogc Un|vc:s|ty |:css.+,,s
|U||^: | :c|cncc +no t|c :oc|o|ogy o| |now|cogc |onoon co:gc ^||cn 8 Unw|n. +,;,
|||:O| | |+t|on+| |nnov+t|on :ystcms + Com,+:+t|vc ^n+|ys|s |cw :o:| Ox|o:o Un|vc:s|ty |:css.
+,,,
|OvO1|: |. :CO11 |. |88O|: | |c-!|n||ng :c|cncc |now|cogc +no t|c |ub||c |n t|c ^gc o|
Uncc:t+|nty. C+mb:|ogc |o||ty. ioo+
|O|||| | O,cn :oc|cty +no |ts |ncm|cs |onoon |out|cogc. vi +,,+]. iooi
|||C| | | : ||tt|c :c|cncc. 8|g :c|cncc |cw :o:| Co|umb|+ Un|vc:s|ty |:css. +,o,
|||C| | | : |s 1cc|no|ogy ||sto:|c+||y |noc,cnocnt o| :c|cncc ^ :tuoy |n :t+t|st|c+| ||sto:|og:+,|y.
1cc|no|ogy +no Cu|tu:c. v |. +,o,
||-||V|:|O||| 1|| ||| Con|c:cncc ,:occco|ngs +no :c|+tco m+tc:|+|s Ccntc: |o: |nst:uct|on+|
|cvc|o,mcnt. Un|vc:s|ty o| v+s||ngton. iooo ||s,on|vc| cm wwwg:+ow+s||ngtoncou;
cnv|s|on. ^ccsso cm ,o nov iooo
||| ^ !c |c,ub||c o| :c|cncc |n t|c +,,os ||g|c: |ouc+t|on is. n+. , ,-i, +,,|
|O|^:|| | :c|cncc |n ovc:nmcnt |onoon |ow+:o ^:no|o. +,s|
|O:||8|| | |c:s,cct|vcs on 1cc|no|ogy C+mb:|ogc C+mb:|ogc Un|vc:s|ty |:css. +,;o
|O:||8|| | |ns|oc t|c 8|+c| 8ox 1cc|no|ogy +no |conom|cs C+mb:|ogc C+mb:|ogc Un|vc:s|ty
|:css. +,si
|O:||8|| | :c|cncc +no 1cc|no|ogy |n t|c 1wcnt|ct| Ccntu:y |n |O:|. | |^||11|. |
1O||||||| (|os). 1cc|no|ogy +no |ntc:,:|sc |n ^ ||sto:|c+| |c:s,cct|vc Ox|o:o C|+:cnoon |:css.
+,,i
|O:||8|| | |x,|o:|ng t|c 8|+c| 8ox 1cc|no|ogy. |conom|cs +no ||sto:y |cw :o:| C+mb:|ogc
Un|vc:s|ty |:css. +,,|
40
Centro de G esto e Estudos Estratgicos
Cincia, Tecnologia e Inovao
La Velho
|O1|v||| |. |O|:O| | |u:o,c+n 1cc|no|ogy |o||cy |vo|ut|on 1cc|nov+t|on +i. n |. , ii,-i,s
+,,i
|u|vo. 8c+t:|z ||+scs o: |+:+o|gm+s o| :c|cncc |o||cy :c|cncc +no |ub||c |o||cy i+. n,. , +,;-+o| +,,|
:^^:1| | :c|cncc +no 1cc|no|ogy |o||cy |csc+:c| |o: |cvc|o,mcnt +n ovc:v|cw +no somc ,:|o:|t|cs
|:om + |+t|n ^mc:|c+n |c:s,cct|vc 8u||ct|n o| :c|cncc. 1cc|no|ogy +no :oc|cty ,. n+. , ,o-oo +,s,
:^|O|O| |-| :c|cncc |o||cy :tuo|cs +no t|c |cvc|o,mcnt o| :c|cncc |o||cy |n :c|cncc. 1cc|no|ogy
+no :oc|cty + c:oss-o|sc|,||n+:y ,c:s,cct|vc. by | 8 |:|cc. |c:c| |o|n oc :o||+ :,|cgc|-|os|ng
|onoon :+gc |ub||c+t|ons. +,;;
:to|cs. |on+|o | |+stcu:s Qu+o:+nt 8+s|c :c|cncc +no 1cc|no|og|c+| |nnov+t|on v+s||ngton |C
8:oo||ngs |nst|tut|on |:css. +,,;
:1O||| | v !c :oc|+| :ystcm o| :c|cncc |cw :o:| |o|t. ||nc|+:t 8 v|nston. +,oo
V|||O | |csc+:c| C+,+c|ty 8u||o|ng |o: |cvc|o,mcnt |:om O|o to |cw ^ssum,t|ons :c|cncc.
1cc|no|ogy +no :oc|cty ,. n i. , +;i-io; ioo|
v^|| | C|t+t|on ^n+|ys|s + |cw 1oo| |o: :c|cncc ^om|n|st:+to:s :c|cncc. v+ss. ,|i,-|,i. +,;,
v|8:1|| ^ :c|cncc. 1cc|no|ogy +no :oc|cty |onoon |+cm|||+n |ouc+t|on |to. +,,+
zUC||||^| | ^ |+ttc:ns o| |+mc O:oc:|ng ^mong ^ut|o:s o| :c|cnt|c |+,c:s ^ :tuoy o| :oc|+|
:ymbo||sm +no |ts ^mb|gu|ty. ^mc:|c+n |ou:n+| o| :oc|o|ogy. v;|. ,i;o-i,+. +,os
41
Science and Innovation policy studies in the united
states: past and present
Susan E. Cozzens
1
1. Introduction
Ovc| t|c |+st |ou| yc+|s + ncw gcnc|+t|on o| |csc+|c| on sc|cncc +no |nnov+t|on o||cy |+s bcgun
|n t|c |n|tco t+tcs !c ocvc|omcnt |s vc|y wc|comc +|tc| + ||+tus |n |uno|ng |o| t|c c|o o| +
occ+oc o| mo|c ^|t|oug| |csc+|c| |n t|c ncw gcnc|+t|on bu||os on + so||o b+sc o| c+|||c| sc|o|+|-
s|| t|c ncw w+vc |s u|tc o|c|cnt ||om |ts |cocccsso|s |n + v+||cty o| w+ys !|s +c| |cv|cws
t|c +st ocvc|omcnt o| t|c c|o +no ocsc||bcs t|c cmc|gcncc o| t|c |cscnt gcnc|+t|on o|nt|ng
to |ts o|st|nct|vc st|uctu|+| |c+tu|cs
|n b||c| t|c |st gcnc|+t|on o| sc|cncc +no |nnov+t|on o||cy stuo|cs (||) w+s comm|ss|onco
t||oug| o||cy +n+|ys|s o ccs w|osc ||m+|y m|ss|on w+s s|o|t-tc|m +n+|ys|s o| cu||cnt |ssucs o|-
|cct|y |o| occ|s|on m+|c|s |csc+|c| oonc |n t||s mooc |+o + ||g| |ob+b|||ty o| bc|ng usc|u| |n t|c
o||cy |occss bot| bcc+usc |ts sub,ccts wc|c |c-sc|ccnco +no bcc+usc t|c|c w+s +n |ntc|mco|+tc
o|g+n|z+t|on t|+t +bso|bco t|c |csu|ts +no +||co t|cm |n s|o|t-tc|m o||cy +n+|ys|s |cucstco by
occ|s|on m+|c|s |n t||s +c| | c+|| t||s t|c mediated model |o| o||cy-|c|cv+nt |csc+|c|
!c sccono gcnc|+t|on o| || |n cont|+st |s stcc|co mo|c gcnc|+||y by + |o+om+ ocvc|oco co||cc-
t|vc|y +c|oss govc|nmcnt +gcnc|cs +no t|c |csc+|c| |og|+m t|+t suo|ts |t |s wo|||ng on bu||o|ng
+ b|o+oc| commun|ty o| |+ct|cc t|+t |nc|uocs +gcncy +no Cong|css|on+| st+ s|o|t-tc|m +n+|ysts
+no |csc+|c|c|s |n t||s +c| | c+|| t||s t|c distributed model |o| o||cy-|c|cv+nt |csc+|c|
|t |s |moss|b|c to com+|c t|c |csu|ts o| t|c two mooc|s - too |+tc to co||cct o+t+ |o| t|c |st gcn-
c|+t|on +no too c+||y to scc t|c |csu|ts o| t|c sccono !cy +|c by no mc+ns mutu+||y cxc|us|vc |ot|
bc|ong on +ny mcnu o| ot|ons |o| ncw |og|+m st|uctu|cs |n ot|c| count||cs
1 :us+n | Cozzcns c oouto:+ cm soc|o|og|+ ,c|+ Un|vc:s|o+oc oc Co|umb|+. |ov+ :o:|. (|U^) +tu+|mcntc c ,:o|csso:+ t|tu|+: cm
|o||t|c+s |ub||c+s. ||:cto:+ oo Ccnt:o oc |o||t|c+ c ^v+||+io 1ccno|og|c+ oo |nst|tuto oc 1ccno|og|+ o+ co:g|+ (co:g|+ 1cc|;|U^)
42
Centro de G esto e Estudos Estratgicos
Cincia, Tecnologia e Inovao
Susan Cozzens
2. Te foundations of science policy research in the United States
\|cn t|c ||cs|ocnts c|cncc ^ov|so| |o|n |+|bu|gc| ||c|co o t|c sccono-gcnc|+t|on || co|t
|n .oo, by c+|||ng |o| t|c ocvc|omcnt o| + ncw |ntc|o|sc|||n+|y c|o o| u+nt|t+t|vc sc|cncc o||cy
stuo|cs (|+|bu|gc| .oo,b) |c s+|o t|+t t|c c|o o| soc|+| sc|cncc o| sc|cncc o||cy w+s n+sccnt
|c w+s w|ong |o| occ+ocs | soc|+| sc|cnt|sts wo|||ng w|t| sc|cnt|sts +no cng|ncc|s |+o bccn |o-
ouc|ng o||cy-|c|cv+nt mct|oos mooc|s +no |csu|ts to |c| c|+|+ctc||zc t|c sc|cncc +no cng|ncc||ng
cntc|||sc !c|| wo|| |+o bccn suo|tco |o| o||cy u|oscs by m+,o| | |uno|ng +gcnc|cs +no
usco |n o||cy o|scuss|ons |ct mc b||cy mcnt|on somc o| t|csc boo|cs o| |now|cogc by o|sc|||nc
|conom|st |obc|t o|ow ub||s|co ||s |obc|-w|nn|ng wo|| on t|c |o|c o| tcc|no|ogy |n g|owt|
t|co|y |n +,,; |oos|ng t|+t t|c |cs|ou+| |c|t +|tc| t+||ng |+bo| +no c+|t+| |nto +ccount |n cco-
nom|c g|owt| w+s t|c |nucncc o| tcc|no|ogy (o|ow +,,;) !|s c|+|m m+y bc t|c most common|y
usco obsc|v+t|on |n sc|cncc +no |nnov+t|on o||cy oocumcnts +|t|oug| |t |+s bccomc so com-
mon|+cc t|+t o|ow |s sc|oom c|tco |||cw|sc |+u| |omc| (+,,o) w|o m+oc tcc|no|og|c+| c|+ngc
cnoogcnous to g|owt| mooc|s t|us |nt|oouc|ng +n c|+ o| |cw C|owt| !co||cs +no conccts o|
t|c |now|cogc |conomy |s not c|tco nc+||y +s o|tcn +s ||s |oc+s +|c usco
||c|occonom|c stuo|cs bcg+n muc| c+|||c| to t|c+t tcc|no|ogy cnoogcnous|y |n t|c s+mc yc+| +s
o|ows c|+ss|c +|t|c|c zv| C||||c|cs w+s com|ct|ng ||s o|ssc|t+t|on +t t|c |n|vc|s|ty o| C||c+go on
t|c o|us|on o| |yb||o co|n w||c| |ounoco t|c subc|o o| t|c cconom|cs o| tcc|no|og|c+| c|+ngc
(C||||c|cs +,,;) C||||c|cs w+s soon ,o|nco |n t||s ||no o| +n+|ys|s by |ow|n |+nsc|o (+,e+) w|t| +n
+|t|c|c on tcc|n|c+| c|+ngc +no t|c |+tc o| |m|t+t|on ||c|+|o | |c|son +no |oncy \|ntc| (+,;e)
|st ub||s|co t|c|| cvo|ut|on+|y t|co|y o| tcc|n|c+| c|+ngc + occ+oc |+tc ^|| t|csc | |um|n+||cs
|+vc b|oug|t stuocnts +no |o||owc|s |nto t||s subc|o |+nsc|os |+tc| wo|| on +c+ocm|c |now|-
cogc +no |noust||+| |nnov+t|on (|+nsc|o +,,+) |ooucco +n cst|m+tc o| |ctu|ns on t|c |nvcstmcnt
|n +c+ocm|c |now|cogc t|+t |s vc|y w|oc|y c|tco |n o||cy c||c|cs ^|| t|csc cconom|sts |+vc |+o
o||cy +uo|cnccs |n t|c |n|tco t+tcs +no c|scw|c|c ovc| t|c +st vc occ+ocs
^ o||cy-|c|cv+nt b|+nc| o| soc|o|ogy w+s bc|ng st+|tco +t + s|m||+| t|mc |n +,,; |obc|t |c|ton
g+vc ||s |cs|ocnt|+| +oo|css to t|c ^mc||c+n oc|o|og|c+| ^ssoc|+t|on on |cw+|o systcms |n sc|cncc
|||o||t|cs |n c|cnt|c ||scovc|y (|c|ton +,,;) |nt|oouc|ng + concctu+| mooc| t|+t |+s c|v+oco
t|c unoc|st+no|ng o| |nccnt|vcs |n t|c |csc+|c| commun|ty cvc| s|ncc |n soc|o|ogy cconom|cs +no
o||cy wo o| |c|tons stuocnts |on+t|on +no tc|cn Co|c c+|||co out + c|+ss|c stuoy o| t|c cc|
|cv|cw systcm t|+t st||| st+nos +s onc o| t|c |cw cm|||c+| stuo|cs o| t|c systcms ccct|vcncss (Co|c
|ub|n +no Co|c +,;s) |t |s st||| +n ob||g+to|y c|t+t|on |n +ny +n+|ys|s o| cc| |cv|cw ^not|c| |c|ton
N o va g e ra o d e p o ltic a e m c i n c ia , te c n o lo g ia e in o va o
SEMINRIO INTERNACIONAL
43
Science and Innovation policy studies in the united states: past and present
stuocnt |+|||ct zuc|c|m+n |ov|oco c+||y |ns||+t|on |o| stuo|cs o| sc|cnt|c c+|cc|s w|t| |c| wo||
on |obc| |||zc w|nnc|s (zuc|c|m+n +,;;) |c|z +no ^no|cws (+,;e) |ov|oco c+||y |ns|g|ts |nto t|c
o|g+n|z+t|on+| contcxts o| |csc+|c| w|t| t|c|| c|+ss|c com+|+t|vc stuoy
||sto||+ns o| sc|cncc wc|c +|so m+||ng t|c|| cont||but|ons |c||+s t|c most |nucnt|+| t||n|c| |n
t||s c+tcgo|y w+s |c|c| oco||+ |||cc w|osc u+nt|t+t|vc |nc||n+t|ons comb|nco w|t| t|c cmc|g|ng
c|t+t|on o+t+b+scs to |ooucc scm|n+| wo|| on nctwo||s |n sc|cncc |n +,e, |c |nvcntco t|c |oc+ o|
t|c scc|+|ty g|ou + sm+|| nctwo|| o| co|c w|o |o||ow c+c| ot|c|s wo|| |ntcns|vc|y (|||cc +,e,)
!c |oc+ |+o mo|c |m+ct |n soc|o|ogy t|+n |n ||sto|y ||+n+ C|+nc (+,;.) too| |t u |n |c| boo|
Invisible Colleges +no |t movco |nto t|c oom+|n o| ot|c| nctwo|| +n+|ysts |n t|c wo|| o| \oooy
|owc|| +no ||s stuocnts (|o| cx+m|c |owc|| +,,e) !c nctwo|| concct w+s +|t|cu|+||y |nucn-
t|+| +mong |n|o|m+t|on sc|cnt|sts w|o usco co-c|t+t|on c|ustc||ng +no |+tc| tcc|n|ucs to bcg|n to
|ooucc t|c m+s o| sc|cncc t|+t +|c cu||cnt|y mov|ng to ccntc| st+gc +g+|n w|t| t|c sccono gcn-
c|+t|on o| || |ctwo||s t|cmsc|vcs +|c st||| + ccnt|+| concct |n o||cy-|c|cv+nt stuo|cs o| sc|cncc
!c tu|bu|cnt ub||c +no o||t|c+| cnv||onmcnt o| sc|cncc |+s +|so bccn +n ob,cct o| +ttcnt|on ||om
| sc|o|+|s |o| occ+ocs !c Co|nc|| t|+o|t|on o| sc|cncc o||cy stuo|cs |o|mco +|ouno t|c |ns||+-
t|on o| |o|ot|y |c|||n s|ows t|c owc||u| comb|n+t|on o| (stuo|cs o| sc|cncc tcc|no|ogy +no
soc|cty + |+|gc|y |um+n|st|c c||t|c+| cnoc+vo|) w|t| + |ocus on o||cy to|cs ^|ong w|t| |c| ot|c|
., boo|s |c|||ns co|tco vo|umc Controversy (+,;,) wcnt t||oug| mu|t||c co|t|ons +no cxosco
count|css | unoc|g|+ou+tc stuocnts to t|c com|cx |c|+t|ons|| bctwccn sc|cncc +no soc|cty
|c|||ns ,un|o| co||c+guc |c||+ |+s+no t|+|nco +s +n +tto|ncy but wo|||ng |n t|c |ntc|o|sc|||n+|y
m|||cu |ooucco + sc||cs o| boo|s t|+t so|c o||cct|y to o||cy +uo|cnccs (|o| cx+m|c |+s+no
+,,o) m+||ng |c| c||+s t|c bcst-|nown sc|o|+| |n o||cy c||c|cs too+y
cvc|+| o|st|ngu|s|co un|vc|s|ty |og|+ms |ousco t|csc sc|o|+|s |n t|c c+||y o+ys o| t|c c|o |nc|uo-
|ng |+|v+|o || Co|umb|+ Co|nc|| +|c +no t|c |n|vc|s|ty o| |cnnsy|v+n|+ oo+y t|c|c +|c t|||v-
|ng |og|+ms t|+t m|x c|cmcnts o| t|csc +|o+c|cs on + v+||cty o| c+muscs |nc|uo|ng ^||zon+
t+tc C+|ncg|c |c||on Cco|gc |+son Cco|gc \+s||ngton Cco|g|+ cc| +no t|c |n|vc|s|ty o|
Co|o|+oo |n tc|ms o| |o|css|on+| mcct|ngs t||s |csc+|c| commun|ty |+s |ouno + |omc +t bot| t|c
+nnu+| mcct|ng +no t|c s||ng o||cy |o|um o| t|c ^mc||c+n ^ssoc|+t|on |o| t|c ^ov+nccmcnt o|
c|cncc +no mo|c |cccnt|y +t t|c ^t|+nt+ Con|c|cncc on c|cncc +no |nnov+t|on |o||cy t|c Co|oon
|csc+|c| Con|c|cncc on c|cncc +no cc|no|ogy |o||cy +no t|c mcct|ngs o| t|c cc|no|ogy |+ns-
|c| oc|cty !c commun|ty now sccs |tsc|| +s vc|y muc| +|t o| +n |ntc|n+t|on+| c|o
44
Centro de G esto e Estudos Estratgicos
Cincia, Tecnologia e Inovao
Susan Cozzens
3. Policy research and analysis at the national science foundation
^s t|csc c|cmcnts o| t|c | || |csc+|c| commun|ty wc|c |o|m|ng +no |oouc|ng |ns|g|ts |nto
o||cy |ssucs t|c |now|cogc b+sc |o| sc|cncc o||cym+||ng w+s +|so bc|ng bu||t w|t||n |coc|+|
+gcnc|cs \|t||n t|c |+t|on+| c|cncc |ouno+t|on two +|t|cu|+||y |mo|t+nt ocvc|omcnts too|
s|+c |n t|c c+||y +,;os t|c Science Indicators vo|umc +no t|c O cc o| |csc+|c| +no |cvc|o-
mcnt ^sscssmcnt
SRS and Science Indicators. || |+o bccn co||cct|ng o+t+ on t|c | sc|cncc cntc|||sc s|ncc t|c
c+||y ost-w+| c||oo w|cn too+ys o+t+scts on sc|cncc +no cng|ncc||ng c|sonnc| |+o t|c|| o||g|ns
|n |cg|st||cs o| cxc|ts w|o cou|o bc c+||co on |n c+sc o| |u|t|c| cmc|gcnc|cs (Cozzcns +,,;) u|vcys
+s||ng un|vc|s|t|cs +no govc|nmcnt |+bo|+to||cs +bout t|c|| cxcno|tu|cs +|so bcg+n |n t|c +,,os
+no +,eos !|s wo|| w+s |ousco |n |ts ||v|s|on o| c|cncc |csou|ccs tuo|cs (|) |+tc| |cn+mco
c|cncc |csou|ccs t+t|st|cs |y t|c c+||y +,;os t|c |+t|on+| c|cncc |o+|o (||s govc|n|ng booy
w||c| |+o gcnc|+| |csons|b|||ty |o| |n|o|m+t|on on t|c cntc|||sc) occ|oco to com||c t|c
v+||ous ||nos o| o+t+ | w+s co||cct|ng |n onc vo|umc c+||co +t t|+t t|mc Science Indicators (|+tc|
|cn+mco Science and Engineering Indicators) !c go+| o| t|c vo|umc w+s to octcct +no mon|to|
ocvc|omcnt +no t|cnos cv+|u+tc t|c|| |m||c+t|ons |ov|oc cont|nu|ng +|+|s+| o| | sc|cncc
cst+b||s| + ncw mcc|+n|sm |o| gu|o|ng t|c n+t|ons sc|cncc o||cy cncou|+gc u+nt|c+t|on o| com-
mon o|mcns|ons o| sc|cncc o||cy st|mu|+tc |ntc|cst +mong soc|+| sc|cnt|sts |n t||s |mo|t+nt +|c+
o| ub||c o||cy +no |ov|oc + |cgu|+| |ocus |o| t|c |o+|os +nnu+| |co|ts (Cozzcns +,,o b+sco on
Cong|css|on+| |c+||ngs |c|o |n +,;|) wo |ocs wc|c cv|ocnt |m|ov|ng t|c +b|||ty to mc+su|c +no
cv+|u+tc |csu|ts +no cvcntu+||y to |ov|oc + b+s|s |o| com+||ng t|c +yo o| |+nnco |og|+ms
!c |n+ugu|+| (+,;.) vo|umc w+s |ooucco cnt||c|y ||om cx|st|ng o+t+ but by t|c t|mc o| t|c +,;|
co|t|on t|c |no|c+to|s st+ |+o bcgun to comm|ss|on ncw o+t+ to || t|c +n+|yt|c |o|cs |n | o+t+
!c |st b|b||omct||c |no|c+to|s |o| cx+m|c wc|c comm|ss|onco |n t|+t w+y |n t|c c+||y +,;os !c
Science Indicators vo|umc |owcvc| ncvc| |u|||co on t|c |ocs o| |ts |ounoc|s to bc +n +n+|yt|c
cv+|u+t|vc |co|t |o| gooo o||t|c+| |c+sons !c |co|t |+s to go t||oug| cxtcns|vc |cv|cw c+c|
t|mc |t |s |ooucco by cvc|y |coc|+| +gcncy |c|cscntco |n |ts +gcs |n o|oc| to su|v|vc t||s |cv|cw |t
|+s bccomc + vc|y +-o||t|c+| oocumcnt mo|c +n cncyc|oco|+ t|+n +n +sscssmcnt (Cozzcns +,,o)
RDA ^ sccono |mo|t+nt ocvc|omcnt ou||ng t||s c||oo w+s t|c cst+b||s|mcnt o| t|c O cc o|
|csc+|c| +no |cvc|omcnt ^sscssmcnt (||^)
.
|n +,;, ^ |o|mc| st+ mcmbc| | |+v|o |ocssnc|
2 !c +ccount +no +n+|ys|s o| ||^ |s b+sco on +n |ntc:v|cw w|t| | |+v|o |ocssnc:. |cccmbc: . .009
N o va g e ra o d e p o ltic a e m c i n c ia , te c n o lo g ia e in o va o
SEMINRIO INTERNACIONAL
45
Science and Innovation policy studies in the united states: past and present
o|nts to t|c cconom|c cnv||onmcnt o| t|c t|mc +s t|c st|mu|us |o| ||^ ^n cconom|c oowntu|n
|co to t|c ocs||c to +n+|yzc w|+t sc|cncc tcc|no|ogy +no |csc+|c| cou|o oo |o| t|c cconomy !c
st+ |co by |cn |coc|m+n cvcntu+||y |nc|uoco +bout t|||ty co|c w|t| m|xco b+c|g|ounos |n
o||cy stuo|cs cconom|cs |+w +no tcc|no|ogy
||^s ||m+|y c||cnts wc|c |n t|c \||tc |ousc O cc o| |+n+gcmcnt +no |uogct (O||) +|t|oug|
t|c un|t +|so o|o wo|| |o| to |cvc| +om|n|st|+t|on +t + numbc| o| +gcnc|cs |nc|uo|ng |+nso|t+t|on
Occ+ns +no ^tmos|c|c +cc +no |c|cnsc ^t t|+t t|mc t|c |c+o o| t|c O|| b|+nc| w|t| |c-
sons|b|||ty |o| sc|cncc w+s |ug| |owct| + s|+| t||n|c| w|o o|o not |cs|t+tc to +s| o| cu|t ucs-
t|ons +bout w|+t sc|cncc cou|o |ooucc |o| t|c count|y |coc|m+n +no ot|c| st+ mcmbc|s mct
|cgu|+||y w|t| |owct| ||msc|| +no w|t| v+||ous g|ous t|+t wo||co unoc| ||m +bso|b|ng t|c |cy
ucst|ons +||s|ng |n t|c o||t|c+| contcxt o| sc|cncc |st |+no !cy too| +ss|gnmcnts |o| s|o|t tc|m
+n+|ys|s ||om t|csc g|ous +no |co|tco t|c|| |csu|ts to t|cm o||cct|y
!c most |mo|t+nt c|cmcnt o| ||^ |o| t|c u|oscs o| t||s +c| |s t|+t |t |+o + buogct ||om ||
to suo|t |csc+|c| |o| cx+m|c |t suo|tco somc o| |+nsc|os wo|| on |ctu|n on |nvcstmcnts
|n || |n t|c +,;os +no |n + |+tc| |nc+|n+t|on |ov|oco st+|t-u moncy |o| +n+|yt|c +tcnt c|t+t|on
o+t+ +no c+||y ||tc|+tu|c-b+sco v|su+||z+t|on tcc|n|ucs !|s |uno|ng w+s oonc ||g||y st|+tcg|c+||y
!c st+ scnt + |ot o| t|mc t||n||ng t||oug| t|c ccnt|+| |ssucs |n sc|cncc o||cy |+ct|cc t|y|ng to
|cc t|c|| own |now|cogc +|c+o o| t|c cu|vc so t|+t t|cy cou|o |csono ccct|vc|y to s|o|t-tc|m
|cucsts ||om c||cnts !|s st|+tcg|c t||n||ng gcnc|+tco ocm+no |o| cc|t+|n ||nos o| |csc+|c| |now|-
cogc w||c| t|cy |ccctco |n c+|c|u||y wo|oco so||c|t+t|ons |ocusco on +|t|cu|+| |ssucs !cy ocvc|-
oco + |c|+t|ons|| w|t| |c|cv+nt |csc+|c| commun|t|cs +no cncou|+gco |csc+|c|c|s to +|y |o|
cx+m|c |ocssnc| wo||co on o|us|on o| |nnov+t|ons t|c o|st|ngu|s|co o|us|on t|co||st |vc|ctt
|ogc|s w+s onc o| ||s g|+ntccs !c |csc+|c| |o,ccts t|cmsc|vcs wc|c +||co but t|c ucst|ons
t|cy +oo|cssco wc|c |uno+mcnt+| +no g|+ntccs wc|c +|w+ys cncou|+gco to ub||s| t|c|| |csu|ts
|cc+usc o| t||s scc|+| st|+tcg|c |c|+t|ons|| w|t| occ|s|on m+|c|s on t|c onc |+no +no t|c o||cy
|csc+|c| commun|ty on t|c ot|c| t|c|c w+s ncvc| + ucst|on +bout w|ct|c| t|c |csu|ts o| ||^-
suo|tco |csc+|c| wou|o bc usco !c |csc+|c| |ocus oc||vco ||om c||cnt nccos +no t|c|c wc|c
|o|css|on+|s +v+||+b|c to |c+o t|c |csu|ts +no +c|+gc t|cm |n w+ys t|+t |co o||cct|y |nto o||cy
|+ct|cc |n t|c v|cw o| +t |c+st onc |o|mc| ||^ +n+|yst t|c |cscncc o| st+ |ns|oc t|c +gcncy w+s
t|c |cy to m+||ng t||s |c|+t|ons|| wo|| ^gcnc|cs ncco to |+vc t|c|| own |ntc|n+| c++b|||ty to
+bso|b |csc+|c| |csu|ts unoc|st+no t|c|| |m||c+t|ons +no synt|cs|zc t|cm |o| o||cy +uo|cnccs ||
|csc+|c| no|ngs +|c go|ng to bc ut|||zco |n ||s v|cw
46
Centro de G esto e Estudos Estratgicos
Cincia, Tecnologia e Inovao
Susan Cozzens
|n +oo|t|on +cco|o|ng to |ocssnc| to no sm+|| ocg|cc w|+tcvc| succcss ||^ +c||cvco w+s ouc to +
s|gn|c+nt ocg|cc by t|c cn||g|tcnco |c+oc|s|| +no m+n+gcmcnt o| |cn |coc|m+n |c |ncw |ow
to |ntc|+ct ccct|vc|y w|t| o||cy c||cnts |c |ncw t|+t |t w+s |mo|t+nt to |cc ||^ st+ ||om gct-
t|ng cmb|o||co |n +om|n|st|+t|vc |ssucs +no |c |ncw |ow to |n|o|m o||cy c||cnts const|uct|vc|y t|+t
t|cy wc|c +s||ng t|c w|ong ucst|on
PRA and the Peter House scandal. |n +,;, ||^ bcc+mc t|c ||v|s|on o| |o||cy |csc+|c| +no ^n+|y-
s|s (||^) +t || |oc+tco |n t|c |||ccto|+tc |o| c|cnt|c cc|no|og|c+| +no |ntc|n+t|on+| ^+||s
||^ |ousco t||cc g|ous o| +n+|ysts + tcc|no|ogy +sscssmcnt g|ou + soc|occonom|c +n+|ys|s
g|ou +no +n cng|ncc||ng +n+|ys|s g|ou !cy cont|nuco to wo|| |o| O|| but +|so |o| t|c O cc
o| c|cncc +no cc|no|ogy |o||cy +t t|c \||tc |ousc (O|) t|c Cong|css|on+| O cc o| cc|no|-
ogy ^sscssmcnt (O^) +no ot|c| c||cnts !c |st |||ccto| o| ||^ w+s ^| |c+n +n ||^ vctc|+n
^|tc| +n |ntc||m c||oo |ctc| |ousc bcc+mc t|c sccono o||ccto|
|ousc us|co t|c st+ tow+|os mo|c s|o|t-tc|m +n+|ys|s +no s+w ||tt|c ncco |o| t|c cxt|+mu|+| |c-
sc+|c| ||^s st+ numbc|s o|oco ou||ng t|c c+||y +,sos +no |ts cxt|+mu|+| |unos s||+n| +s wc||
!c |+ttc| w+s t|uc +c|oss || w||c| |n +,s+ w+s scno|ng +bout ,+o m||||on on o||cy-|c|cv+nt |c-
sc+|c| out o| scvc|+| o ccs |nc|uo|ng | +no t|c |+nn|ng o cc o| t|c || |||ccto| |y t|c c+||y
+,,os v||tu+||y not||ng o| t|c ,+o m||||on |cm+|nco |csc+|c| suo|t |o| sc|cncc o||cy stuo|cs w+s
conccnt|+tco |n + sm+|| |og|+m (scvc|+| |uno|co t|ous+no oo||+|s c| yc+|) |n t|c soc|+| sc|cncc
o||ccto|+tc unoc| t|c |c+oc|s|| o| ||^s o||g|n+| o||ccto| |cn |coc|m+n !|s |+st |og|+m w+s
m+|nt+|nco |o| + |cw yc+|s +|tc| |coc|m+ns oc+t| +s + sc+|+tc |ocus |n t|c |og|+m but w+s
cvcntu+||y |u||y +bso|bco t|c|c
|ctc| |ousc w+s o|sm|ssco |n t|c c+||y +,,os +|tc| + sc+no+| |nvo|v|ng + |o,cct|on o| |oom|ng s|o|t-
|+||s |n sc|cncc +no cng|ncc||ng c|sonnc| w||c| |ovco to bc b+sco on |+u|ty +ssumt|ons (scc
|c|v|s +,,.) |+ny o| t|osc w|o +|c |+m|||+| w|t| t|c succcss o| ||^ +no t|c c+||y ||^ |n m+|n-
t+|n|ng t|c |ntc||+cc bctwccn o||cy-|c|cv+nt |csc+|c| +no sc|cncc o||cy b|+mc t|c |ousc sc+no+|
|o| ||s subscucnt tu|n +w+y ||om suo|t|ng o||cy |csc+|c| |n t|c +,,os !c sc+no+| ++|-
cnt|y |co to + ocs||c by m+n+gcmcnt to +vo|o o||cy +n+|ys|s +no cvcntu+||y to t|c sc+ttc||ng o| t|c
o||cy +n+|ys|s st+ +no c||m|n+t|on o| t|c o cc ||om t|c c|scct|vc o| t|c ||^ mooc| t|csc
movcs |obbco || o| t|c c|uc|+| |ntc|n+| c++b|||ty to st|mu|+tc o||cy-|c|cv+nt |csc+|c| +no o|+w
|n|o|mco o||cy |m||c+t|ons ||om |csc+|c| no|ngs
Other agencies. || |+ys + scc|+| |o|c |n suo|t |o| sc|cncc o||cy +s +|t o| |ts Cong|css|on+|
m+no+tc |t |s +|t o| ||s m|ss|on to bu||o|ng t|c |n|o|m+t|on b+sc |o| o||cy occ|s|on m+|-
N o va g e ra o d e p o ltic a e m c i n c ia , te c n o lo g ia e in o va o
SEMINRIO INTERNACIONAL
47
Science and Innovation policy studies in the united states: past and present
|ng +no |t |s +|t o| t|c |o|c o| t|c |+t|on+| c|cncc |o+|o to m+|c b|o+o st+tcmcnts +bout
o||cy |n t|c |n|tco t+tcs (+|t|oug| |o| |c+sons o| o||t|cs +c|oss +gcnc|cs |t |+s not t+|cn u t|+t
|o|c vc|y +ct|vc|y) |t |s t|c|c|o|c not su|||s|ng t|+t t|c ot|c| m+,o| |coc|+| |uno|ng +gcnc|cs o|o not
ocvc|o t|c ||no o| systcm-|cvc| |csc+|c| +no +n+|ys|s c++b|||t|cs t|+t || +t onc o|nt |c|o !c
|+t|on+| |nst|tutcs o| |c+|t| |owcvc| m+oc + m+,o| cont||but|on to t|c ocvc|omcnt o| b|b||omct-
||c o+t+ t||oug| |ts suo|t |n t|c +,;os +no +,sos o| t|c ||tc|+tu|c-b+sco o+t+ +|so usco |n Science
Indicators t|c two cont|+cts togct|c| +||owco t|c sc||cs to gct on |ts |cct !c ||| cont|+ct c+mc
||om t|c cv+|u+t|on un|t w||c| +|so +|o t|c cont|+cto| to co||cct c+||y |uno|ng +c|now|cogmcnts
o+t+ (by |+no +t ||b|+||cs) |noc| ||| |uno|ng t|c cont|+cto| usco t|c o+t+sct to ocvc|o ,ou|n+|
|nucncc mc+su|cs +|ong w|t| t|c so|t|ng o| ,ou|n+|s |nto |ou| c+tcgo||cs ||om b+s|c to c||n|c+| |||
cnoco t|c cont|+ct |n t|c |+tc +,sos t||n||ng t|cy wc|c not gctt|ng cnoug| |ns|g|t ||om |t !c
s+mc cont|+cto| w+s bu||o|ng t|c c+||y +tcnt c|t+t|on o+t+b+scs (w|t| suo|t ||om ||s ||^)
+no soon bcg+n to ut t|c two togct|c| |nto owc||u| ocmonst|+t|ons o| t|c c|osc ||n|s bctwccn
|csc+|c| +no |nnov+t|on us|ng c|t+t|ons ||om +tcnts to t|c ||tc|+tu|c (scc |o| cx+m|c |+||n ct +|
+,,;) !c|c w+s t|us + |csc+|c| cont||but|on ||om t|c wo|| +|t|oug| t|c cont|+cto|s m+|n ,ob
w+s not bu||o|ng soc|+| sc|cncc t|co|y
4. Te Marburger Call
C|vcn t|csc c||cumst+nccs |t |s +|so not su|||s|ng t|+t |+c| |+|bu|gc| w+s not cxosco to no|ngs
||om t|c c|o o| sc|cncc o||cy |csc+|c| |n ||s |o|c +s |||ccto| o| t|c O cc o| c|cncc +no cc|no|-
ogy |o||cy !c o|y|ng u o| || |csc+|c| |uno|ng |+o s|owco t|c g|owt| o| t|c c|o |t |s |+|o to
suo|t g|+ou+tc stuocnts w|t|out |csc+|c| g|+nts !c |ntc||+cc st+ +t || |+o bccn o|sm|ssco
o| sc+ttc|co o |+|bu|gc|s m+|n cxosu|c to +ny |csc+|c| |now|cogc b+sc to |n|o|m t|c occ|s|ons
|c |+o to m+|c +no ,ust||y c+mc ||om Science Indicators w||c| +s wc |+vc sccn |+o cvo|vco +w+y
||om |ts o||g|n+| +n+|yt|c +no cv+|u+t|vc m|ss|on
|nocco ||s c+|| |o| + ncw |ntc|o|sc|||n+|y c|o o| u+nt|t+t|vc sc|cncc o||cy stuo|cs +t t|c ^^^
c|cncc +no cc|no|ogy |o||cy |o|um |n ^||| .oo, w+s |nucncco by + |cccnt |co|t ||om t|c |+-
t|on+| |csc+|c| Counc|| on t|c |no|c+to|s o+t+b+sc +cco|o|ng to |yno+ C+||son |||ccto| o| |
,

| |+o comm|ss|onco +n ||C comm|ttcc to |oo| +t |ts || su|vcys +no m+|c |ccommcno+t|ons
3 |ntc:v|cw w|t| |yno+ C+:|son. |cccmbc: 1. .009
48
Centro de G esto e Estudos Estratgicos
Cincia, Tecnologia e Inovao
Susan Cozzens
|o| uo+tcs (||own ct +| .oo|) O| st+ wc|c |ntc|cstco |n t|c |csu|ts +no ||C st+ b||c|co |+|-
bu|gc| on t|cm + |cw wcc|s bc|o|c |+|bu|gc|s ^^^ sccc| |n ^||| .oo, |c c|tco t|c |co|t |n
t|c sccc| |tsc|| !c O| st+ g+vc | +ov+ncc not|cc t|+t t|c sccc| w+s com|ng +no wou|o
|c|c|cncc | +no sc|cncc mct||cs cxtcns|vc|y
!c sccc| (|+|bu|gc| .oo,b) w+s wc|| |+cco to gct t|c +ttcnt|on o| t|c sc|cncc o||cy |csc+|c|
commun|ty |ost o| t|c sccc| w+s ocvotco to t|c usu+| buogct o|scuss|ons t|+t t+|c |+cc +t t||s
mcct|ng but |t tu|ns |n t|c |+st scct|on to + v|s|on o| +n cconomct||c mooc| o| t|c || cntc|||sc
^|tc| |+|s|ng t|c Science and Engineering Indicators vo|umc |+|bu|gc| notco t|+t t|c |no|c+to|s
+|c not ||n|co to +n ovc|+|| |ntc||ct|vc ||+mcwo|| t|+t |+s bccn ocs|gnco to |n|o|m o||cy ^o-
o|css|ng t|c nccos o| o||cy |cu||co muc| mo|c |c notco t|+n |m|ov|ng t|c o+t+ |n t|c w+ys
t|c ||C |co|t |ccommcnos |c c+||co |n +|t|cu|+| |o| mooc|s |||c t|c oncs +v+||+b|c to cconom|c
o||cy m+|c|s to g|vc |ns|g|t |nto |ssucs suc| +s |||c|y |utu|cs o| t|c tcc|n|c+| wo|||o|cc t|c |m+ct
o| g|ob+||z+t|on on tcc|n|c+| wo|| t|c |m+ct o| |coc|+| |uno|ng on t|c |o|||c|+t|on o| |csc+|c|
ccntc|s +no t|c cccts o| |ugc uctu+t|ons |n st+tc suo|t |o| ub||c un|vc|s|t|cs !csc wc|c t|c
t+s|s |c |ccommcnoco to t|c ncw c|o
!c sc|cncc o||cy |csc+|c|c|s |n t|c +uo|cncc wc|c +m+zco t|+t |+|bu|gc| w+s not +w+|c o| t|c
occ+ocs o| wo|| t|+t |+o bccn oonc
|
^not|c| w|ocs|c+o |c+ct|on w+s t|+t no cconomct||c moo-
c| cou|o |ov|oc w|+t |c w+s scc||ng ^ t|||o |c+ct|on w+s oc||g|t t|+t c||+s t||s ||g|-|cvc| c+||
wou|o |ooucc somc ncw |csou|ccs |o| t|c |uno|ng-st+|vco +|c+ !c |+st tu|nco out to bc t|c c+sc
+s o|scuss|ons bcg+n |n t|c |+|| o| .oo, +|ouno st+|t|ng + |og|+m o| |csc+|c| |uno|ng |o| t||s c|o
+t t|c |+t|on+| c|cncc |ouno+t|on
|c|o|c ocsc||b|ng t|c c|+|t|ng o| t|+t |n|t|+t|vc |owcvc| |ct mc |co|t on ot|c| st+tcmcnts ||om
|+|bu|gc| t|+t suo|tco ||s |n|t|+| onc |n |+y o| .oo, |c |o||owco u ||s sccc| w|t| +n co|to-
||+| |n Science m+g+z|nc c+|||ng |o| bcttc| bcnc|m+||s (|+|bu|gc| .oo,c) |n t|c co|to||+| |c |+-
mcntco t|+t bcnc|m+||s on tcc|n|c+| c|sonnc| g+vc ||tt|c o||cy gu|o+ncc +no +g+|n c+||co |o|
cconomct||c mooc|s on + c|oss-n+t|on+| b+s|s to +||ow cst|m+t|on o| t|c cccts o| o|c|cnt o||cy
+ct|ons |n Octobc| o| .oo, +oo|css|ng t|c Conso|t|um o| oc|+| c|cncc ^ssoc|+t|ons (|+|bu|gc|
.oo,+) |c c+||co +ttcnt|on to +n O|| oocumcnt (|o|tcn +no |+|bu|gc| .oo,) t|+t c+||co |o| + ncw
|ntc|+gcncy co|t to ocvc|o +n +n+|yt|c ||+mcwo|| |o| sc|cncc o||cy occ|s|ons +no + |mco t|+t
t|c soc|+| sc|cnccs wou|o bc t|c m+,o| cont||buto|s to t|c co|t |n |+y .ooe |c +oo|cssco t|c
^t|+nt+ Con|c|cncc on c|cncc +no cc|no|ogy |o||cy on ||s ocs||c to scc t|c c|o un|o|o +no |n
4 | c+n :c,o:t t||s |:om my own cx,c:|cncc. +no scvc:+| o| t|osc | |ntc:v|cwco :c,o:tco t|c s+mc
N o va g e ra o d e p o ltic a e m c i n c ia , te c n o lo g ia e in o va o
SEMINRIO INTERNACIONAL
49
Science and Innovation policy studies in the united states: past and present
Octobc| .ooe t|c ||uc |y || Con|c|cncc sonso|co by t|c O|C| con|c|cncc |n Ott+w+ on ncw
|no|c+to|s |n t|+t sccc| (|+|bu|gc| .oo,o) |c +g+|n cm|+s|zco t|c |o|c o| mooc|s |n m+||ng
scnsc o| o+t+ +no o|ntco out t|+t ncw comut+t|on+| c++b|||t|cs m+oc t|+t go+| mo|c +cccss|b|c
to soc|+| sc|cnt|sts t|+n +t +ny t|mc |n t|c +st
Ovc| t|c |ntc|vcn|ng summc| +n O|C| C|ob+| c|cncc |o|um |+o bccn |c|o w|t| || |+|bu|gc|
+s |cynotc sc+|c| on ocvc|o|ng ou| unoc|st+no|ng o| ub||c |nvcstmcnts |n sc|cncc ^ m+|n
conc|us|on o| t|+t o|scuss|on w+s t|+t t|c|c s|ou|o bc st|ongc| cont+cts +no |ntc|+ct|ons
bctwccn t|c commun|ty o| cxc|ts |n +n+|yt|c+| mooc||ng +no |no|c+to| ocvc|omcnt w|t| t|c
govc|nmcnt o c|+|s w|o ncco too|s |o| ot|m|z|ng n+t|on+| +no |cg|on+| |csc+|c| o||c|cs !c |+t-
tc| wou|o +|cc|+tc |+v|ng + conc|sc ocsc||t|on o| t|c |no|c+to|s +no mooc|s t|+t +|c +v+||+b|c
+no t|c|| otcnt|+| ut|||ty |n t|c o||cy oom+|n !c o||cym+|c| commun|ty cou|o |ov|oc gu|o-
+ncc to tcc|n|c+| cxc|ts +bout |ts m+,o| |coccu+t|ons +no t|c ||g|-|cvc| st|+tcg|c c+tcgo||cs |o|
w||c| |t wou|o bc most ocs||+b|c to mc+su|c o| |o,cct t|c |m+ct o| sc|cncc (O|C| .ooe |)
|n s|o|t |csc+|c|c|-o||cy o|+|oguc wou|o bc |c||u| to bot| +|t|cs |+|bu|gc| |+o +||c+oy +n-
nouncco |n |unc .ooe +n |n|t|+t|vc w|t||n t|c | |coc|+| +gcnc|cs t|+t wou|o c|c+tc suc| + o|+-
|oguc (|+|bu|gc| +no |o|tm+n .ooe ,) | w||| |ctu|n to t|+t |n|t|+t|vc |n t|c scct|on bc|ow on t|c
c|cncc o| c|cncc |o||cy |ntc|+gcncy +s| C|ou +|tc| |c||ng u t|c t|+|| +g+|n o| t|c |o|m+t|on
o| t|c || |uno|ng |og|+m
5. Te NSF Response
|n ctcmbc| .oo, t|c |+t|on+| c|cncc |ouno+t|on |+o bccn |nst|uctco by t|c O cc o| |+n-
+gcmcnt +no |uogct to |nc|uoc + ncw |n|t|+t|vc |n t|c sc|cncc o| sc|cncc o||cy |n |ts buogct
|cucst |o| |.oo; !c |||ccto|+tc |o| oc|+| |c|+v|o|+| +no |conom|c c|cnccs (||) w+s g|vcn
t|c |c+o on t|c |n|t|+t|vc conson+nt w|t| |+|bu|gc|s |cgu|+| |c|c|cnccs to soc|+| sc|cnt|sts |n ||s
v|s|on |o| t|c c|o ||om t|c bcg|nn|ng |t w+s c|c+| t|+t somc o| t|c ncw |unos wou|o bc scnt
|n | on su|vcy uo+t|ng +no |cocs|gn t||s w+s u|tc cons|stcnt w|t| t|c o||g|ns o| t|c co|t |n
+oo|t|on || |c+oc|s|| w+s c|c+| ||om t|c st+|t t|+t t|c |csc+|c| o|t|on wou|o bc o|st||butco
t||oug| +n ocn c+|| |o| |nvcst|g+to|-|n|t|+tco |oos+|s ,uogco t||oug| cc| |cv|cw |u||o|ng +
ncw |ntc|o|sc|||n+|y |csc+|c| +|c+ |c|| w|t||n ||s co|c s|||| scts o oo t|+t |og|+m st+ wou|o
50
Centro de G esto e Estudos Estratgicos
Cincia, Tecnologia e Inovao
Susan Cozzens
||stcn w|oc|y to t|c |csc+|c| commun|ty +no c|+|t + |og|+m to |o||ow t|c|| +ov|cc +s t|cy |+o
oonc |n ot|c| +|c+s
!c|c +|c t||cc o|v|s|ons w|t||n t||s o||ccto|+tc |c|+v|o|+| +no Cogn|t|vc c|cnccs (|C) oc|+| +no
|conom|c c|cnccs (|) +no c|cncc |csou|ccs t+t|st|cs (|) |+c| onc |c|o + wo||s|o to con-
su|t w|t| t|c |csc+|c| commun|ty on |ow to s|+c t|c ncw |og|+m (t|c |o||ow|ng summ+|y |s
t+|cn o||cct|y ||om |c+||ng .ooe)
!c |C wo||s|o |+y .ooe w+s on t|c c|cnt|c |+s|s o| |no|v|ou+| +no c+m |nnov+t|on
+no ||scovc|y |t b|oug|t togct|c| cogn|t|vc sc|cnt|sts soc|+| syc|o|og|sts +no cng|ncc|s to
o|scuss t|c syc|o|og|c+| stuoy o| sc|cncc +no cng|ncc||ng |t |ocnt|co ||ont|c|s |o| co||+bo|+-
t|vc |csc+|c| |n
|cmo|y +no +n+|ogy mcc|+n|sms |n c|c+t|vc ocs|gn |occsscs
Comut+t|on+| mooc|s o| c|c+t|v|ty
|ooc|s o| sync|gy bctwccn |no|v|ou+|s +no tc+ms to |m|ovc c||o|m+ncc
\+ys to bu||o mo|c |nnov+t|vc tc+ms
|+n+gcmcnt +no |c+oc|s|| |ssucs |n |nnov+t|on +no c|c+t|v|ty
|m+ct o| o|sc|||n+|y cu|tu|cs on t|+ns|o|m+t|vc wo||
!c | wo||s|o |n |unc .ooe on ^ov+nc|ng |c+su|cs o| |nnov+t|on w+s +ttcnoco |+|gc|y
by sc|o|+|s |n t|c cconom|cs o| tcc|no|og|c+| c|+ngc +no |ocusco on two +|c+s
|cttc| |csc+|c| |ng|co|cnts +no |nvcstmcnts +no |ctu|ns to t|csc |nvcstmcnts |nc|uo|ng
|m|ov|ng t|c +n+|yt|c+| ||+mcwo|| to |ocnt||y g+s
|n||c||ng t|c t+xonomy o| c|os o| sc|cncc +no cng|ncc||ng to unoc|st+no cmc|g|ng
+no |ntc|o|sc|||n+|y c|os
|+|ng |now|cogc +no |nvcstmcnt ows |n t|c n+t|on+| |nnov+t|on systcm
|nc|uo|ng |oc+| +no |mo|tco |um+n c+|t+| |nuts |c un|vc|s|ty |o|csso|s +no
g|+ou+tc stuocnts |o|c|gn ostoocto|+| |csc+|c|c|s +no |o|c|gn co||+bo|+to|s
|m|ovc com+|+b|||ty scoc |c|cv+ncc +no +v+||+b|||ty o| |ntc|n+t|on+| o+t+
|cocs|gn su|vcys
|m|ovc o+t+ s+m|c ||+mcs ||n|s +no +gg|cg+b|||ty
|+ t|c g|ob+||z+t|on +no c+|t+||z+t|on o| ||
N o va g e ra o d e p o ltic a e m c i n c ia , te c n o lo g ia e in o va o
SEMINRIO INTERNACIONAL
51
Science and Innovation policy studies in the united states: past and present
Co||+bo|+tc w|t| ot|c| |coc|+| +gcnc|cs on || +no |nnov+t|on mct||cs
Co||+bo|+tc w|t| O|C| |||CO t+t|st|cs C+n+o+ +no ot|c|s to |m|ovc t|c |ntc|-
n+t|on+| com+|+b|||ty o| wo|||o|cc +no mob|||ty o+t+
|t|||zc ncw cybc||n||+st|uctu|c-b+sco o+t+ cxt|+ct|on m+tc||ng +no m+n|u|+t|on
tcc|n|ucs
!c | wo||s|o |n |u|y .ooe |nc|uoco soc|o|og|sts cconom|sts ||sto||+ns o||t|c+| sc|cn-
t|sts +no |||oso|c|s o| sc|cncc w|o |ocnt|co + |csc+|c| +gcno+ s+nn|ng t|csc c|os |+-
,o| +gcno+ |tcms wc|c
|noc|st+no|ng |ntc||c|+t|ons||s |n t|c n+t|on+| |nnov+t|on systcm |nc|uo|ng
|ow |ntc||cctu+| soc|+| +no |ys|c+| o|g+n|z+t|on |nucncc c|c+t|v|ty +no |nnov+t|on
|ow sc|cnt|c |now|cogc +no cxc|t|sc |nucncc o||cy +no occ|s|ons
|ow g|ob+| c|+ngcs |n cconom|c o||t|c+| +no soc|+| |c|+t|ons||s |nucncc t|c |o-
ouct|on +no uscs o| sc|cncc +no tcc|no|ogy
|ow c|+ngcs |n sc|cncc +no tcc|no|ogy |nucncc +ttc|ns o| g|ob+||z+t|on +no wc|| bc|ng
|noc|st+no|ng |now|cogc c|c+t|on +no |nnov+t|on +t + v+||cty o| sc+|cs ||om sm+||
g|ous t||oug| o|g+n|z+t|ons to g|ob+| nctwo||s ||om ||sto||c+| to contcmo|+|y
|noc|st+no|ng |ow ct||cs +no soc|+| v+|ucs s|+c sc|cncc +no tcc|no|ogy
|cvc|o|ng +no cm|oy|ng ncw comut+t|on+| too|s +no st|+tcg|cs |o| m|n|ng |+|gc-sc+|c
tcxtu+| o+t+ scts +no |o| v|su+||z|ng t|c +ttc|ns +no oyn+m|cs |n t|cm
|cvc|o|ng ncw st|+tcg|cs +no vc||c|cs |o| t|c couc+t|on t|+|n|ng mob|||ty +no o|vc|s|ty
o| t|c || wo|||o|cc
^n cxc|+ngc +t t||s |+st wo||s|o w+s +|t|cu|+||y |cvc+||ng o| ||s +|o+c| to t|c |og|+m +no
t|c cont|+st w|t| ||^
,
!c o|g+n|zc|s oc||bc|+tc|y |nc|uoco ,un|o| |csc+|c|c|s m+ny o| w|om |+o
not t|oug|t o| t|cmsc|vcs bc|o|c +s oo|ng o||cy-|c|cv+nt wo|| !c|c w+s cons|oc|+b|c ocb+tc +t
t|c wo||s|o ovc| w|+t ucst|ons || |+|bu|gc| w+ntco +nswc|co +no w|ct|c| t|c oncs |c |+o
cx|cssco wc|c t|c ||g|t oncs Onc young |csc+|c|c| commcntco || |c |+|bu|gc|] wou|o tc|| mc
||s to t||cc ucst|ons | cou|o ocs|gn |csc+|c| to s|co ||g|t on t|cm |c w+s co||cctco by +n ||
|og|+m o cc| |cscnt |t oocsnt m+ttc| w|+t |+|bu|gc| w+nts \c w+nt to |c+| ||om you w|+t
s|ou|o bc |n t||s |og|+m
\|||c t|csc wo||s|os wc|c bc|ng |+nnco + os|t|on w+s c|c+tco |o| + c|cncc o| c|cncc |o||cy
^ov|so| to t|c || |||ccto|+tc to bc t|c |og|+m o cc| |o| t|c |n|t|+t|vc |+y |usb+nos |c+||ng
5 | w+s t|c o:g+n|zc: o| t|c wo:|s|o, +no w|tncssco t|c cxc|+ngc ,c:son+||y
52
Centro de G esto e Estudos Estratgicos
Cincia, Tecnologia e Inovao
Susan Cozzens
+ |og|+m o cc| |n t|c |conom|cs |og|+m w+s +o|ntco to t|c os|t|on |n c+||y summc| .ooe
+no c|+|tco t|c |og|+m |oscctus us|ng t|c wo||s|o |co|ts +no |c| ot|c| |ntc|+ct|ons w|t|
t|c |csc+|c| commun|ty !c |oscctus |o| t|c |st t|mc c+||co t|c |og|+m c|cncc o| c|cncc
+no |nnov+t|on |o||cy (c|||) +oo|ng innovation to t|c ||+sc |+|bu|gc| |+o usco |cc+tco|y
!|s +oo|t|on not on|y |ccctco || ||o||t|cs +t t|c t|mc but su|c|y |csonoco to |ccob+c| ||om
t|c |csc+|c| commun|ty t|+t t|c |og|+m nccoco to t||n| +bout t|c w|o|c |nnov+t|on systcm not
,ust |ts sc|cncc comoncnt
!c |oscctus (|| .ooe) m+oc t|c |+ct|c+| contcxt o| t|c |og|+m c|c+| w|t| |c|c|cncc t||oug|-
out to bu||o|ng t|c |ouno+t|on |o| |ov|o|ng |co|ct|vc |n|o|m+t|on to o||cym+|c|s +bout |m+cts
+no outcomcs |t |ocnt|co t||cc tycs o| +ct|v|t|cs t|c |og|+m wou|o unoc|t+|c bu||o|ng unoc|-
st+no|ng |m|ov|ng mct||cs +no ocvc|o|ng + |csc+|c| commun|ty |ccct|ng t|c |+ngc o| c|os
cncom+ssco by t|c |||ccto|+tc t|c |ob|cms ocsc||bco |+ngco ||om cogn|t|vc to o|g+n|z+t|on+|
to g|ob+| +no t|c +|o+c| w+s cx||c|t|y |ntc|o|sc|||n+|y
|vcn t|oug| t|c |oscctus w+s |n |+no || |+o to w+|t to |ssuc + c+|| |o| |oos+|s unt|| Con-
g|css +|ovco t|c buogct |o| t|c ncw |og|+m +s +|t o| t|c ovc|+|| || buogct |cucst !+t
stc w+s t+|cn |n c+||y .oo; +no t|c |st |oos+|s wc|c subm|ttco |+tc| t|+t s||ng |usb+nos
ut togct|c| + u|c| cc| |cv|cw +no |unoco t|c |st |ouno o| |oos+|s |n t|c |og|+m by ^u-
gust !c |og|+m |+s now m+oc t||cc |ounos o| +w+|os tot+||ng +bout scvcnty-vc g|+nts
e
+no
|+s movco ||om +n +o |oc |cv|cw +nc| to + st+no|ng onc |t |s scno|ng +bout ,s m||||on + yc+|
(|+nc .oo, |+nc .o+o)
6. Te Science of Science Policy Interagency Task Group (SOSP ITG)
\|||c || w+s utt|ng |ts |og|+m |n |+cc |+|bu|gc|s O cc o| c|cncc +no cc|no|ogy |o||cy
w+s oc||vc||ng on |ts comm|tmcnt to c|c+tc +n |ntc|+gcncy t+s| g|ou (|C) |o| t|c c|cncc o| c|-
cncc |o||cy (O|) !+t g|ou w+s |o|mco |n m|o-.ooe unoc| t|c +cg|s o| t|c oc|+| c|cncc ub-
comm|ttcc o| t|c |+t|on+| c|cncc +no cc|no|ogy Counc|| (w||c| cons|sts o| to sc|cncc o c|+|s
||om + numbc| o| +gcnc|cs) |y t|c summc| o| .oo; t|c co-c|+||s o| t|c t+s| g|ou wc|c |usb+nos
o| || +no |||| V+|ocz o| t|c |c+|tmcnt o| |nc|gy (|O|) \|cn |usb+nos |c|t || |n .oos |c|
succcsso| |u||+ |+nc too| ovc| +s co-c|+||
6 !c ||st o| +w+:os |s +v+||+b|c +t http://www.scienceofsciencepolicy.net/w/scisipawards/default.aspx +s wc|| +s on t|c |:| wcb s|tc
N o va g e ra o d e p o ltic a e m c i n c ia , te c n o lo g ia e in o va o
SEMINRIO INTERNACIONAL
53
Science and Innovation policy studies in the united states: past and present
V+|ocz |+o bccn |unn|ng + sm+|| |og|+m o| o||cy-|c|cv+nt |csc+|c| |n ||s os|t|on +s |||ccto| o|
||+nn|ng +no ^n+|ys|s +t |O|
;
|c |+o st+|tco by comm|ss|on|ng + ||tc|+tu|c |cv|cw o| +bout twcnty
|c|cv+nt to|cs w||c| s|owco ||m t|+t t|c +c+ocm|c wo|| |n t|c +|c+ w+s sc+nt +no t|+t ot|c|
+gcnc|cs wc|c not oo|ng muc|
s
|c |ouno mo|c on tcc|no|ogy |og|+ms t|+n sc|cncc |og|+ms
but cvcn t|+t ||tc|+tu|c w+s not o||cntco to |cy o||cy +no m+n+gcmcnt ucst|ons o |c bcg+n to
comm|ss|on wo|| + |+ ||^ to || t|c g+s |c c|cc|vco \|cn O| w+s |st cx|o||ng |+|-
bu|gc|s |ntc|cst V+|oczs |og|+m w+s v||tu+||y t|c on|y |c|cv+nt |csc+|c| bc|ng |unoco +nyw|c|c |n
\+s||ngton V+|ocz |+o +|so |ntc|+ctco w|t| |+|bu|gc| cvcn bc|o|c |c c+mc to t|c \||tc |ousc
on |+nn|ng +no cv+|u+t|on |ssucs |+|bu|gc| |+o bccn t|c |c+o o| onc o| t|c m+|n |O| |+bo|+-
to||cs bc|o|c bc|ng +o|ntco ||cs|ocnt|+| c|cncc ^ov|so|
!c |ntc|+gcncy g|ou |+s scvcntccn mcmbc|s ||om + w|oc |+ngc o| +gcnc|cs (scc www.scienceof-
sciencepolicy.net |o| t|c cu||cnt ||st) !c|| wo|| bcg+n w|t| + comm|ss|onco ||tc|+tu|c |cv|cw |c-
+|co by t|c O| suo|t st+ w|o +|c |oc+tco +t t|c c|cncc +no cc|no|ogy |o||cy |nst|tutc
(||) !cy +|so unoc|too| +n cx+m|n+t|on o| t|c o+t+ t|+t +|c +v+||+b|c |o| +n+|ys|s +no + su|vcy
+mong |coc|+| +gcnc|cs on t|c|| co|ts |c|+tco to t|c sc|cncc o| sc|cncc o||cy !c |csonscs |o-
v|oco usc|u| |nut to t|c n+| |oouct ||om t|c |Cs |st |ouno o| wo|| + |o+om+ |o| t|c sc|cncc
o| sc|cncc o||cy
!c |o+om+ (O| .oos) w+s unvc||co +t t|c |Cs |st wo||s|o |n c+||y |cccmbc| .oos !c
t|m|ng o| t||s wo||s|o w+s c|uc|+| +|tc| t|c |ovcmbc| |cs|ocnt|+| c|cct|ons but bc|o|c t|c ncw
+om|n|st|+t|on bcg+n |ts wo|| ^ m+,o| c|+||cngc |o| sc|cncc o||cy stuo|cs |og|+ms ovc| t|c yc+|s
|n v+||ous count||cs |+s bccn |nst+b|||ty +t t|c t|mc o| o||t|c+| +|ty c|+ngc |n owc| !c |n|t|+t|vcs
+|c o|tcn t|c |+vo||tc |o,cct o| onc cn||g|tcnco +no owc||u| |no|v|ou+| +no +|c o|tcn t||c+tcnco
|| t|+t |no|v|ou+| |c+vcs o cc |n t|c c+sc o| O| t|c |o+om+ wo||s|o w+s + st|ong +no con-
c|ctc ocmonst|+t|on o| t|c const|tucncy |o| t|c |n|t|+t|vc |noccnocnt o| |+|bu|gc|s os|t|on |c
w+s c|c+||y |n ||s |+st o+ys |n o cc +t t|c t|mc but t|c O| |n|t|+t|vc w+s ,ust g+|n|ng momcntum
Ovc| .oo co|c +ttcnoco t|c cvcnt ||om bot| +gcncy +no |csc+|c| commun|t|cs !c o|g+n|zc|s
usco t|c oo|tun|ty to gct st|uctu|co |ccob+c| ||om t|c +|t|c|+nts on t|c |+n |tsc|| +ttcmt-
|ng to c|c+tc b|o+oc| ownc|s|| |o| t|c |o+om+ !c |o+om+ |s o|g+n|zco |n t||cc t|cmcs w|t|
|cy ucst|ons unoc| c+c| onc
7 !|s scct|on b+sco on +n |ntc:v|cw w|t| 8||| V+|ocz. |cccmbc: .!. .009
8 !|s w+s ,ust t|c t|mc w|cn |:|s co:ts wc:c +t t|c|: |ow ,o|nt
54
Centro de G esto e Estudos Estratgicos
Cincia, Tecnologia e Inovao
Susan Cozzens
Teme 1: Understanding Science and Innovation
ucst|on + \|+t +|c t|c bc|+v|o|+| |ouno+t|ons o| |nnov+t|on
ucst|on . \|+t cx|+|ns tcc|no|ogy ocvc|omcnt +oot|on +no o|us|on
ucst|on , |ow +no w|y oo commun|t|cs o| sc|cncc +no |nnov+t|on |o|m +no cvo|vc
|noc| t||s t|cmc t|c |C |ccommcnoco t|+t |coc|+| +gcnc|cs wo|| |n concc|t to cst+b||s| + t|co-
|ct|c+| +no cm|||c+| ||+mcwo|| to unoc|st+no t|c sc|cncc +no cng|ncc||ng cntc|||sc w|t||n t|c
contcxt o| t|c c|cncc o| c|cncc |o||cy t||oug| cx|st|ng |og|+ms o| |nvcst|g+to|-|n|t|+tco |csc+|c|
+no +n+|ys|s o| t|c o|t|o||o o| |coc|+| |nvcstmcnts
Teme 2: Investing in Science and Innovation
ucst|on | \|+t |s t|c V+|uc o| t|c |+t|ons |ub||c |nvcstmcnt |n c|cncc
ucst|on , |s |t oss|b|c to |co|ct o|scovc|y
ucst|on e |s |t oss|b|c to ocsc||bc t|c |m+ct o| o|scovc|y on |nnov+t|on
ucst|on ; \|+t +|c t|c octc|m|n+nts o| |nvcstmcnt ccct|vcncss
|ccommcno+t|ons |o| t||s t|cmc |ocusco on c|c+t|ng + commun|ty o| |csc+|c|c|s +no |+ct|t|o-
nc|s to +ss|st sc|cncc o||cy +n+|ys|s +no |omotc bcst |+ct|ccs by ocvc|o|ng + s|+|co o+t+ |n||+-
st|uctu|c ||ot mc+su|cmcnt st+no+|os +no st+no+|o mct|oos |o| us|ng b|b||omct||c o+t+
Teme 3: Using the Science of Science Policy to Address National Priorities
ucst|on s \|+t |m+ct oocs sc|cncc |+vc on |nnov+t|on +no comct|t|vcncss
ucst|on , |ow comct|t|vc |s t|c | sc|cnt|c wo|||o|cc
ucst|on +o \|+t |s t|c |c|+t|vc |mo|t+ncc o| o|c|cnt o||cy |nst|umcnts |n sc|cncc o||cy
|noc| t||s t|cmc t|c |C |ccommcnoco |nvcst|ng |n o+t+ co||cct|on +n+|yt|c+| too|s +no w+ys to
|cscnt com|cx |n|o|m+t|on +no scc|co cc|t+|n co|c o+t+scts on bus|ncsscs wo|||o|cc +no t|c
||n|s bctwccn wo||c|s +no |ms
!c |o+om+ oocumcnt |nc|uocs + usc|u| ||st|ng +no cv+|u+t|on o| t|c cu||cnt +no otcnt|+| too|||t
|o| sc|cncc +no |nnov+t|on o||cy |cv|cw|ng u+nt|t+t|vc +no u+||t+t|vc +n+|ys|s v|su+||z+t|on too|s
o+t+ co||cct|on too|s +no v+||ous mct||cs |o| t|c|| |c|cv+ncc +no ||go|
N o va g e ra o d e p o ltic a e m c i n c ia , te c n o lo g ia e in o va o
SEMINRIO INTERNACIONAL
55
Science and Innovation policy studies in the united states: past and present
!c |C |c|o + sccono wo||s|o |n Octobc| .oo, t||s onc |ocusco on +gcncy +|t|c|+nts +no
s|+||ng o| bcst |+ct|ccs
,
^g+|n ovc| .oo co|c +|t|c|+tco ||om ovc| s|xty +gcnc|cs !c succcss
o| O| |n |nst|tut|on+||z|ng |tsc|| w|t||n t|c ncw +om|n|st|+t|on w+s cv|ocnt c+|c|s |nc|uoco t|c
|cuty |||ccto| |o| |o||cy o| t|c \||tc |ousc O cc o| c|cncc +no cc|no|ogy |o||cy +no scvc|+|
ot|c| ncw +om|n|st|+t|on o c|+|s ||cscnt+t|ons ||om +gcnc|cs covc|co |ow +gcnc|cs sct ||o||t|cs
usc mct||cs |n m+n+gcmcnt +no cv+|u+tc t|c|| |og|+ms
|n .oo, t|c O| |Cs o||g|n+| c|+|tc| cx||co ^not|c| s|gn o| |ts succcss |s t|+t |n t|c |cncw+| |o-
ccss |t w+s m+oc + st+no|ng comm|ttcc unoc| t|c |+t|on+| c|cncc +no cc|no|ogy Counc|| !c
|og|+m w+s t|c on|y onc mcnt|onco by n+mc |n t|c ,o|nt O||;O| mcmo|+noum to |c+os o|
+gcnc|cs on sc|cncc +no tcc|no|ogy ||o||t|cs |o| t|c ucom|ng buogct
+o
7. Te community of practice model
\|+t cmc|gcs ||om t|csc +ccounts o| c||| +no O| |s +n unoc||y|ng mooc| o| t|c |c|+t|ons||
bctwccn sc|cncc o||cy |ob|cms +no o||cy-|c|cv+nt |csc+|c| t|+t |s u|tc o|c|cnt ||om t|c c+|-
||c| ||^ mooc| !c |cy c|cmcnt o| o|c|cncc |s t|+t w|||c t|c ||^ mooc| w+s mco|+tco t||oug|
+ o||cy +n+|ys|s st+ t|c ncw mooc| |s o|st||butco t||oug| w|+t t|c o|g+n|zc|s c+|| + commun|ty
o| |+ct|cc !c tc|m commun|ty o| |+ct|cc w+s |st co|nco by |c+n |+vc +no |t|cnnc \cngc| |n
+,,+ |n t|c|| wo|| on s|tu+tco |c+|n|ng ^cco|o|ng to \cngc| Commun|t|cs o| |+ct|cc +|c g|ous
o| co|c w|o s|+|c + concc|n o| + +ss|on |o| somct||ng t|cy oo +no |c+|n |ow to oo |t bcttc| +s
t|cy |ntc|+ct |cgu|+||y
++
!|cc c|+|+ctc||st|cs +|c c|uc|+| t|c oom+|n t|c commun|ty +no t|c |+c-
t|cc Commun|t|cs o| |+ct|cc |c+|n by so|v|ng |ob|cms togct|c| |cucsts |o| |n|o|m+t|on m+|ng
|now|cogc +no |ocnt||y|ng g+s +no ot|c| +ct|v|t|cs
!c O| |C |+s now |+unc|co + wcb s|tc w|t| t|c |ntcnt o| st|mu|+t|ng |ntc|+ct|on +c|oss t|c
commun|ty o| |+ct|cc (http://www.scienceofsciencepolicy.net/) !c s|tc |+s bccn const|uctco |o|
t|cm by || (t|c c|cncc +no cc|no|ogy |o||cy |nst|tutc mcnt|onco c+|||c| |n t||s +c| +s t|c
cont|+ctu+| suo|t st+ |o| O|) |o| t||s +c| | t+||co to || st+ +bout |ow t|cy scc t|c||
own |o|c |n t|c commun|ty o| |+ct|cc wonoc||ng w|ct|c| t|cy c||o|m +ny o| t|c s+mc |cv|cw
9 http://www.scienceofsciencepolicy.net/blogs/allevents/archive/2010/01/22/sosp-workshop-2009.aspx
10 |ntc:v|cw w|t| |u||+ |+nc. |+nu+:y . .010
11 http://www.ewenger.com/theory/
56
Centro de G esto e Estudos Estratgicos
Cincia, Tecnologia e Inovao
Susan Cozzens
+no synt|cs|s |o|cs t|+t ||^ st+ too| u
+.
|| oocs +bout ,+o m||||on |n cont|+ct wo|| |o| v+||ous
+gcnc|cs |nc|uo|ng t|c O| cont|+ct o| +bout ,, m||||on !cy o|+w on |csu|ts ||om t|c |csc+|c|
commun|ty w|cn |t |s |c|cv+nt to t|+t wo|| !c || st+ |+vc no +|t|cu|+||y st|ong |c|+t|ons||
w|t| t|c |csc+|c| commun|ty s|ncc t|cy +|c not comm|ss|on|ng |csc+|c| +|t|oug| t|cy oo cont||b-
utc to suc| |+ct|cc-o||cntco |o|css|on+| mcct|ngs +s t|c ^mc||c+n |v+|u+t|on ^ssoc|+t|on +no t|c
^t|+nt+ Con|c|cncc on c|cncc +no |nnov+t|on |o||cy !c|| |o|c |s t|us u|tc o|c|cnt ovc|+|| ||om
t|c |o|c ||^ st+ |+yco w|t| + c|uc|+| o|c|cncc bc|ng t|c |+c| o| + |uno|ng |o|c
!c || c||| |og|+m |s s|+|ng |ts o|t|o||o o| g|+nts us|ng t|c O| |o+om+ ||og|+m |||cc-
to| |u||+ |+nc |co|ts t|+t t|c st+no|ng |cv|cw +nc| |+s stuo|co t|c |o+om+ c+|c|u||y +no uscs |ts
t|cmcs +no ucst|ons +s c||tc||+ |o| |+t|ng |o,ccts t|cy +|c cv+|u+t|ng
+,
||o,ccts t|+t +|c sc|cnt|-
c+||y cxcc||cnt but c|||c|+| to t|c |o+om+ +|c un|||c|y to bc |+tco ||g| +no somc +|c c|oscn
scc|c+||y bcc+usc o| t|c|| ccnt|+||ty to |o+om+ |ssucs |n +oo|t|on |+nc |s wo|||ng w|t| co|-
|c+gucs |n t|c c|cncc |o||cy ||v|s|on o| t|c ^mc||c+n ^ssoc|+t|on |o| t|c ^ov+nccmcnt o| c|cncc
(^^^) to c|c+tc o||cct commun|c+t|on ||n|s bctwccn |csc+|c|c|s suo|tco by t|c |og|+m +no
o||cy +uo|cnccs
+|
^^^ o|g+n|zco + |st wo||s|o o| g|+ntccs |n |+|c| .oo, |n w||c| t|cy |c-
scntco t|c|| wo|| to c+c| ot|c| !cy +|c now utt|ng togct|c| + sct o| sm+||c| g+t|c||ngs bctwccn
sc|cctco g|+ntccs +no st+ mcmbc|s ||om Cong|css +no +gcnc|cs |o| o|+|oguc on scc|c |ssucs !c
c||| +nc| |+s +|so suggcstco |o|o|ng wcb|n+|s w|t| v|oco ||n|s |ov|oco to + o|st||butco +uo|cncc
+no |ou| to vc g|+ntccs |cscnt|ng |csu|ts on + t|cmc c||| |s +|t|c|+t|ng |n t|c ^| |ct||cs
||o,cct w||c| |s |c||ng to bu||o t|c o+t+ |n||+st|uctu|c t||oug| +gcncy-un|vc|s|ty co||+bo|+t|on
+,
Onc g|+ntcc |+s |+o t|c oo|tun|ty to b||c| |cn |c|n+n|c t|c |coc|+| |csc|vc C|+||m+n on ||s
no|ngs on usc o| |n|o|m+t|on tcc|no|ogy by | |ms +t |omc +no +b|o+o +no no|ngs |+vc bccn
covc|co |n suc| w|oc|y |c+o ncws sou|ccs +s Chemical and Engineering News (|+nc .o+o)
c||| |+s +|so |ostco + ||stsc|v to w||c| o||cy st+ c+n ost ucst|ons +no gct |csonscs ||om +ny-
onc |n t|c commun|ty o| |+ct|cc o t|osc stccco |n t|c mco|+tco mooc| t||s ||no o| cxc|+ngc
c+n +c+| countc|-|oouct|vc s|ncc |t |+c|s scvc|+| c||t|c+| c|cmcnts t|+t o||cy +n+|ysts |+vc |ouno
|mo|t+nt |n commun|c+t|ng w|t| t|c|| o||cy c||cnts |n t|c +st |o|css|on+| cv+|u+t|on o| |n|o|m+-
t|on conocns+t|on |nto t|c m+|n |c|cv+nt o|nts +no b||c| commun|c+t|on |n |+|n |+ngu+gc !c
m+,o| cont||buto|s to t|c ||stsc|v |+vc bccn o||cy |csc+|c|c|s not o||cy st+ o| +n+|ysts
12 |ntc:v|cw w|t| ^|||son |+s|cy +no ^s||cy 8:cnnc:. :1|| |csc+:c| ^ss|st+nts. |cccmbc: 1s. .009
13 |ntc:v|cw w|t| |u||+ |+nc. |+nu+:y . .010
14 |ntc:v|cw w|t| ^|bc:t | 1c|c|. ^^^:. |cccmbc: 10. .009
15 http://nrc59.nas.edu/star_info2.cfm
N o va g e ra o d e p o ltic a e m c i n c ia , te c n o lo g ia e in o va o
SEMINRIO INTERNACIONAL
57
Science and Innovation policy studies in the united states: past and present
8. Discussion and conclusions
!|s |cv|cw o| t|c ocvc|omcnt o| t|c |now|cogc b+sc |o| sc|cncc o||cy m+||ng |n t|c |n|tco
t+tcs |+s |co|tco on t|c cxc||cncc +t t|c |+t|on+| c|cncc |ouno+t|on t|c +gcncy t|+t |+s
t+|cn t|c |c+o |n bot| gcnc|+t|ons ocsc||bco |c|c |n bu||o|ng + |csc+|c| commun|ty |ntc|cstco |n
o||cy |ssucs +no ||n||ng t|+t commun|ty to o||cy |+ct|cc wo o|st|nct mooc|s |+vc bccn usco
+t || +n c+|||c| st+-mco|+tco mooc| w|t| st|+tcg|c o||cct|on to |csc+|c| t|+t w+s |nown to ||
o||cy-|c|cv+nt g+s +no + |+tc| o|st||butco mooc| t|+t |s t|y|ng to bu||o + |+|gc| commun|ty o| |+c-
t|cc t||oug| v||tu+| +no |+cc to |+cc |ntc|+ct|on |n t|c +ut|o|s cxc||cncc t|osc w|o +|c |+m|||+|
w|t| t|c o|oc| mooc| +|c s|ct|c+| +bout w|ct|c| o|st||butco commun|c+t|on w||| |ov|oc su -
c|cnt |ocus |ut t|c ncw mooc| o|+ws on ncw c++b|||t|cs mo|c |+m|||+| to t|c ncwc| gcnc|+t|on o|
|csc+|c|c|s t|c |n|t|+t|vc |s t|y|ng to o|+w |n !cy +|c not mutu+||y cxc|us|vc +no bot| commcno
t|cmsc|vcs to ot|c| count||cs |o| sc||ous cons|oc|+t|on
Interviews conducted in connection with this paper:
C+||son |yno+ |||ccto| ||v|s|on o| c|cncc |csou|ccs t+t|st|cs |+t|on+| c|cncc
|ouno+t|on |cccmbc| +; .oo,
|c||c| ||w|n ^mc||c+n ^ssoc|+t|on |o| t|c ^ov+nccmcnt o| c|cncc |cccmbc| +,
.oo,
|usb+nos |c+||ng |+yc |n|vc|s|ty o| ||nncsot+ |+nu+|y +, .o+o
|+nc |u||+ c||| ||og|+m |||ccto| |+t|on+| c|cncc |ouno+t|on |+nu+|y , .o+o
|+s|cy ^|||son +no ^s||cy ||cnnc| c|cncc +no cc|no|ogy |o||cy |nst|tutc |cccm-
bc| +s .oo,
|cg+n |||sc|||+ Cco|gc |+son |n|vc|s|ty |+nu+|y , .o+o
|ocssnc| | |+v|o || |ntc|n+t|on+| |cccmbc| ; .oo,
c|c| ^|bc|t | ^mc||c+n ^ssoc|+t|on |o| t|c ^ov+nccmcnt o| c|cncc |cccmbc|
+o .oo,
V+|ocz \||||+m |c+|tmcnt o| |nc|gy |cccmbc| ., .oo,

58
Centro de G esto e Estudos Estratgicos
Cincia, Tecnologia e Inovao
Susan Cozzens
References
8O|1|| | 8 O|8 8 O:1| |xccut|vc |cmo |: ioo; ^om|n|st:+t|on |csc+:c| +no |cvc|o,mcnt
|:|o:|t|cs ||s,on|vc| cm |tt,;;wwwsc|cncco|sc|cncc,o||cynct;mco|+;,;o++s,x. ^ccsso cm
ioo,
8|Ov| | |. ct +| |c+su:|ng |csc+:c| +no |cvc|o,mcnt |x,cno|tu:cs |n t|c U: |conomy v+s||ngton.
|C |+t|on+| ^c+ocmy o| :c|cnccs |:css. ioo|
CO|| :. |U8|| |. CO|| | | |cc: |cv|cw |n t|c |+t|on+| :c|cncc |ouno+t|on v+s||ngton |+t|on+|
^c+ocmy o| :c|cnccs. +,;s
COzz||: : | :c|cncc |no|c+to:s |csc:|,t|on o: |:csc:|,t|on v+s||ngton O cc o| 1cc|no|ogy
^sscssmcnt. +,,o
1|| ||scovc:y o| :owt| :t+t|st|c+| ||m,scs o| 1wcnt|ct| Ccntu:y :c|cncc |n :c|cncc |n t|c
1wcnt|ct| Ccntu:y. co|tco by | ||||. | ||:1||. |+:wooo ^c+ocm|c |ub||s|c:s. +,,;
C|^|| | |nv|s|b|c co||cgcs o|us|on o| |now|cogc |n sc|cnt|c commun|t|cs C||c+go Un|vc:s|ty o|
C||c+go |:css. +,;i
||^||| | | :c|cncc o| :c|cncc +no |nnov+t|on |o||cy vo:|s|o, :umm+:|cs ||s,on|vc| cm |tt,;;
wwwsc|cncco|sc|cncc,o||cynct;mco|+;,;+s,+s,x. ^ccsso cm iooo
||||C||: z |yb:|o Co:n ^n |x,|o:+t|on |n t|c |conom|cs o| 1cc|no|og|c+| C|+ngc |conomct:|c+.
vi,. n|. , ,o+-,ii +,,;
|^:^|O|| : !c |t| b:+nc| sc|cncc +ov|sc:s +s ,o||cym+|c:s C+mb:|ogc |+:v+:o Un|vc:s|ty |:css.
+,,o
|^|| | ^sscss|ng t|c |m,+ct o| :c|cncc |uno|ng :c|cncc. v,i|. n,,,i. ,+i;,-+i;, ioo,
|^|| | U,o+tc on t|c :c|cncc o| :c|cncc +no |nnov+t|on |o||cy |:og:+m v+s||ngton. |C |+t|on+|
:c|cncc |ouno+t|on. io+o
|^|:||||| | 1cc|n|c+| C|+ngc +no t|c |+tc o| |m|t+t|on |conomct:|c+. vi,. n |. , ;|+-;oo +,o+
|^|:||||| | ^c+ocm|c :csc+:c| +no |noust:|+| |nnov+t|on |csc+:c| |o||cy. v io. ,+-+i. +,,+
|^|8U||| | :,ccc| +t t|c ^nnu+| |cct|ng o| t|c Conso:t|um o| :oc|+| :c|cncc ^ssoc|+t|ons
v+s||ngton. |C ^ccsso cm|tt,;;wwwsc|cncco|sc|cncc,o||cynct;mco|+;,;oi+s,x. ^ccsso cm
ioo,
N o va g e ra o d e p o ltic a e m c i n c ia , te c n o lo g ia e in o va o
SEMINRIO INTERNACIONAL
59
Science and Innovation policy studies in the united states: past and present
- :,ccc| to ^^^: |o:um on :c|cncc +no 1cc|no|ogy |o||cy v+s||ngton. |C ||s,on|vc| cm
|tt,;;wwwsc|cncco|sc|cncc,o||cynct;mco|+;,;,,+s,x. ^ccsso cm ioo,
v^|1|| 8cttc: 8cnc|m+:|s :c|cncc v ,os. ,+os;. ioo,
______ v|+t |no|c+to:s |o: :c|cncc. 1cc|no|ogy +no |nnov+t|on |o||c|cs |n t|c i+st Ccntu:y |n O|C|
8|U| :|: || CO||||||C| Ott+w+. C+n+o+ iooo ||s,on|vc| cm |tt,;;wwwsc|cncco|sc|cncc,o||cy
nct;mco|+;,;o|+s,x. ^ccsso cm iooo
|^|8U||| | |. |O8 | |cmo:+noum |o: t|c |c+os o| |xccut|vc |c,+:tmcnts +no ^gcnc|cs
||s,on|vc| cm |tt,;;wwwsc|cncco|sc|cncc,o||cynct;mco|+;,;o,+s,x. ^ccsso cm iooo
|||1O| | | |:|o:|t|cs |n :c|cnt|c ||scovc:y ^ C|+,tc: |n t|c :oc|o|ogy o| :c|cncc ^mc:|c+n
:oc|o|og|c+| |cv|cw. vii. , o,,-o,, +,,;
|||V|: | |:| |+||s :|o:t on :|o:t+gc |+tu:c. v ,,o. ,,,, +,,i
|^||| |. |^|||1O| | :. O||V^:1|O | !c |nc:c+s|ng ||n|+gc bctwccn U: tcc|no|ogy +no ,ub||c
sc|cncc |csc+:c| |o||cy io. n,. , ,+;-,,o. +,,;
|||||| | Cont:ovc:sy. ,o||t|cs o| tcc|n|c+| occ|s|ons :+gc |ocus co|t|ons. s 8cvc:|y ||||s :+gc |ub||c+t|ons.
+,;,
|||:O| | |. :||||: v. |||8||1 | : 1cc|n|c+| C|+ngc |n +n |vo|ut|on+:y |ooc| !c Qu+:tc:|y
|ou:n+| o| |conom|cs. v,o. n +. ,,o-++s +,;o
|:| :c|cncc o| :c|cncc +no |nnov+t|on |o||cy ^ |:os,cctus ||s,on|vc| cm |tt,;;wwwns|gov;sbc;
sc|s|,;sc|s|,_,:os,cc,o|. ^ccsso cm iooo
O|C| :umm+:y o| t|c vo:|s|o, on :c|cncc o| :c|cncc |o||cy |cvc|o,|ng Ou: Unoc:st+no|ng o| |ub||c
|nvcstmcnts |n :c|cncc ||:ccto:+tc |o: :c|cncc. +no |noust:y. Comm|ttcc |o: :c|cnt|c +no 1cc|no|og|c+|
|o||cy |ob+| :c|cncc |o:um ^ccsso cm |tt,;;wwwoccoo:g;o+t+occo;|i;o,;,;|;oioo,o|.
^ccsso cm iooo
|||z |. ||^|| | ^ :c|cnt|sts |n o:g+n|z+t|ons ,:oouct|vc c||m+tcs |o: :csc+:c| +no ocvc|o,mcnt ^nn
^:bo: |nst|tutc |o: :oc|+| |csc+:c|. Un|vc:s|ty o| ||c||g+n. +,;o
|Ov||| v v |ntc:-O:g+n|z+t|on+| Co||+bo:+t|on |n t|c 8|otcc|no|ogy |noust:y |ou:n+| o| |nst|tut|on+|
+no !co:ct|c+| |conom|cs v+io. n+. ,+,;-i+, +,,o
|||C| | | : |ctwo:|s o| :c|cnt|c |+,c:s :c|cncc. v+|,. n ,os,. ,,+o-,+, +,o,
|O|||. | | |noogcnous 1cc|no|og|c+| C|+ngc |ou:n+| o| |o||t|c+| |conomy. v,s. n,. ,t i. ,:;+-+oi
+,,o
60
Centro de G esto e Estudos Estratgicos
Cincia, Tecnologia e Inovao
Susan Cozzens
:O|Ov | | 1cc|n|c+| C|+ngc +no t|c ^gg:cg+tc |:oouct|on |unct|on !c |cv|cw o| |conom|cs +no
:t+t|st|cs. v,,. ,,+i-,io +,,;
:C|||C| O| :C|||C| |O||C: :c|cncc o| :c|cncc |o||cy ^ |coc:+| |csc+:c| |o+om+, ||s,on|vc| cm
|tt,;;wwwsc|cncco|sc|cncc,o||cynct;mco|+;,;,o|+s,x. ^ccsso cm ioos
zUC||||^| | :c|cnt|c c||tc |obc| |+u:c+tcs |n t|c Un|tco :t+tcs |cw :o:| |:cc |:css. +,;;
61
Processos decisrios em poltica cientca,
tecnolgica e de inovao no Brasil: anlise crtica
Elizabeth Balbachevsky
1
1. Introduo
|stc t|+b+||o c um+ |ccxio c||t|c+ sob|c cxc||cnc|+s |cccntcs o+ o||t|c+ c|cnt|c+ b|+s||c||+ + +|-
t|| oc +bo|o+gcns |ntc|n+c|on+|s uc +oot+m + c|cct|v+ oo nco-|nst|tuc|on+||smo ^ ||mc||+ +|-
tc busc+ |cconst|tu|| os c|cmcntos m+|s m+|c+ntcs o+ ||sto||+ o+ o||t|c+ oc C| no ||+s|| ocsoc
os +nos c|nucnt+ +tc o |cscntc O o conouto| ocss+ |cconst|uio ||sto||c+ c + c||+io oo +|c+-
bouo |nst|tuc|on+| o+ o||t|c+ c|cnt|c+ oo +|s |o| cssc mot|vo o||t|c+s m+|s o||ct+mcntc ||g+o+s
+o ocscnvo|v|mcnto tccno|og|co nio sc|io ob,cto oc um+ +n+||sc cscc|c+ |io o|uc c|+s nio
sc,+m |c|cv+ntcs m+s o|uc um |nvcnt+||o com|cto ocsscs ocscnvo|v|mcntos cst+ mu|to +|cm oo
cscoo ocssc t|+b+||o ^ scguno+ +|tc oo t|+b+||o +|cscnt+ c o|scutc + +||c+io oc um mooc-
|o tco||co +|+ o cntcno|mcnto oc +|guns oos o||cm+s v|v|oos c|+ o||t|c+ c|cnt|c+ b|+s||c||+ |ssc
mooc|o busc+ cntcnoc| + |ntc|+io uc sc cst+bc|ccc cnt|c +s +gcnc|+s oc |omcnto c + comun|o+oc
c|cnt|c+ como um+ |c|+io oc oc|cg+io ||n+|mcntc + conc|usio |+z um b+|+no oos |csu|t+oos
obt|oos c +ont+ +|gum+s ucstocs +|+ um+ +gcno+ oc csu|s+s uc +v+ncc o cntcno|mcnto o+
o||t|c+ c|cnt|c+ b|+s||c||+
2. Um breve histrico das polticas de cincia, tecnologia e inovao
(CT&I) no Brasil
^ |nst|tuc|on+||z+io o+ o||t|c+ c|cnt|c+ no ||+s|| tcm |n|c|o nos +nos c|nucnt+ |m +,,+ o govc|-
no |coc|+| |unoou o Consc||o |+c|on+| oc |csu|s+ (C||) com o ob,ct|vo oc n+nc|+| + csu|s+
c|cnt|c+ c tccno|og|c+ no +|s |o mcsmo +no o ||n|stc||o o+ |ouc+io ||C c||ou + C^|| |n|-
1 |||z+bct| 8+|b+c|cvs|y c ,:o|csso:+ +ssoc|+o+ n+ +:c+ oc +n+||sc com,+:+o+ oc ,o||t|c+s oc C.18| c cns|no su,c:|o: no oc,+:-
t+mcnto oc C|cnc|+ |o||t|c+. (U:|) c ,csu|s+oo:+ :cn|o: oo |uc|co oc |csu|s+s cm |o||t|c+s |ub||c+s o+ mcsm+ un|vc:s|o+oc
62
Centro de G esto e Estudos Estratgicos
Cincia, Tecnologia e Inovao
Elizabeth Balbachevsky
c|+|mcntc ocnom|n+o+ C+m+n|+ |+c|on+| oc ^c||c|o+mcnto oo |csso+| oc |ns|no uc||o|
com o ob,ct|vo oc cst|mu|+| + u+||c+io oo co|o ooccntc o+s |n|vc|s|o+ocs |ub||c+s oo +|s
|o onto oc v|st+ oc scus ob,ct|vos css+s ou+s |n|c|+t|v+s |nsc|cm-sc ocnt|o oc um+ o||t|c+ m+|s
gc|+| oc |noo|c n+c|on+||st+ c |o|+m m+|c+o+s c|os ||mc||os cvcntos uc +com+n|+|+m o |n|c|o
o+ Cuc||+-|||+ no ccn+||o muno|+| |cnt|o ocssc contcxto um oos ob,ct|vos ccnt|+|s ocss+s |n|c|+t|-
v+s c|+ o oc oot+| o +|s oc um+ c++c|t+io m|n|m+ uc c|m|t|ssc o +ccsso tccno|og|+ nuc|c+|
^cs+| ocsscs ob,ct|vos +mb|c|osos o |m+cto |c+| ocss+s |n|c|+t|v+s n+ coc+ |o| |c|+t|v+mcntc
moocsto +nto o C|| como + C^|| oc|+v+m com vo|umcs oc |ccu|sos b+st+ntc moocstos
.

|m scgunoo momcnto oc +|t|cu|+io o+ o||t|c+ c|cnt|c+ no ||+s|| +contcccu nos ||mc||os +nos
o+ occ+o+ oc scsscnt+ com + c||+io |uno+io oc ^m+|o |csu|s+ oo |st+oo oc io |+u|o ^
|^||| |csoc su+ c||+io + |^||| tcvc um +c| cx|css|vo no |omcnto + csu|s+ n+uc|c |s-
t+oo Com um+ oot+io oc |ccu|sos uc co||csono|+ + o,/ oc too+ + +||cc+o+io o|o|n+||+ oo
|st+oo c oc|+noo cm ||n|+s s|m||+|cs s oo C|| css+ |uno+io |c|cscntou um+ b+sc oc +o|o
|mo|t+ntc +|+ sustcnt+| o ocscnvo|v|mcnto o||c|cnc|+oo oo s|stcm+ oc csu|s+ no mb|to oo
|st+oo oc io |+u|o
^ |m|+nt+io oo govc|no m|||t+| cm +,e| |nt|oouz|u nov+s o|nm|c+s ncss+s o||t|c+s |um ||-
mc||o momcnto com o ob,ct|vo oc||bc|+oo oc ocso||t|z+| + soc|co+oc o govc|no cxccutou um+
sc||c oc |ntc|vcnocs t+nto nos o|gios oc |omcnto csu|s+ como cm un|vc|s|o+ocs c ccnt|os
oc csu|s+ +|+st+noo ||oc|+n+s uc nio +|cc|+m con+vc|s |ss+s |ntc|vcnocs |oouz||+m |m-
o|t+ntcs ocscont|nu|o+ocs n+ +t|v|o+oc c|cnt|c+ |+t|c+o+ no ||+s|| |um scgunoo momcnto no
bo,o o+s o||t|c+s ocscnvo|v|mcnt|st+s +oot+o+s no n+| oos +nos scsscnt+ o govc|no +ssou + sus-
tcnt+| + +|t|cu|+io oc um+ o||t|c+ oc suo|tc cx+nsio +cc|c|+o+ oo +|uc c|cnt|co c tccno-
|og|co oo +|s ccnt|+o+ n+ |o|m+io oc |ccu|sos |um+nos c no +o|o + g|+nocs |o,ctos oc ocscn-
vo|v|mcnto tccno|og|co + +|t|| oos u+|s sc suun|+ o |mu|so |nov+oo| +os oucos sc |||+o|+||+
o| too+ + soc|co+oc (c|w+|tzm+n +,,,)
Os ||mc||os +nos oo c||ooo os-e| t+mbcm c+|+ctc||z+|+m o| um+ |ntcns+ +t|v|o+oc no mb|to
o+s o||t|c+s |cgu|+to||+s no scto| oc C cscc|+|mcntc no uc sc |c|c|c |o|m+io oc |ccu|sos
|um+nos |m +,e, |o| ub||c+oo o +|ccc| n ,;; oo Consc||o |+c|on+| oc |ouc+io |+|ccc|
ucu||+ uc |ccon|cc|+ c |cgu|+mcnt+v+ os |og|+m+s oc os-g|+ou+io n+s un|vc|s|o+ocs b|+-
s||c||+s |m +,es tcm |n|c|o um+ |c|o|m+ com|ccns|v+ oc tooo o cns|no suc||o| uc |m||cou +
2 ^|no+ +ss|m + mob|||z+io ocsscs :ccu:sos |o| c:uc|+| ,+:+ +,o|+: o ocscnvo|v|mcnto c + mooc:n|z+io oc +|gum+s |nst|tu|cs
oc cns|no c ,csu|s+ o |nst|tuto 1ccno|og|co o+ ^c:on+ut|c+. |1^. ,o: cxcm,|o. +,:ovc|tou + o,o:tun|o+oc ,+:+ cnv|+: um+ g:+noc
,:o,o:io oc scus u+o:os ,+:+ t:c|n+mcnto no cxtc:|o: +|no+ nos +nos c|nucnt+ (8otc||o. 1999)
N o va G e ra o d e P o ltic a e m C i n c ia , Te c n o lo g ia e I n o va o
SEMINRIO INTERNACIONAL
63
Processos decisrios em poltica cientca, tecnolgica e de inovao no Brasil: anlise crtica
|m|+nt+io oc um+ o||t|c+ oc cont|+t+io oc |o|csso|cs cm |cg|mc oc oco|c+io |ntcg|+| n+s
un|vc|s|o+ocs ub||c+s + subst|tu|io oo +nt|go s|stcm+ oc c+tco|+s c|+ o|g+n|z+io oc+|t+mcn-
t+| + c||+io oc |nst|tutos cscc|+||z+oos n+s +|c+s b+s|c+s c |nccnt|vos +|+ + |m|+nt+io oc |o-
g|+m+s oc mcst|+oo c oouto|+oo ^ +| ocss+ |c|o|m+ o ||n|stc||o o+ |ouc+io (||C) o|m|nu|u
+s cx|gcnc|+s +|+ + c||+io oc nov+s |nst|tu|ocs ||v+o+s oc cns|no suc||o| |ss+ occ|sio c|m|t|u
uc +s g|+nocs un|vc|s|o+ocs ub||c+s sc |csc|v+sscm o+s |cssocs |oouz|o+s c|+ ||mc||+ |cv+
oc m+ss|c+io oo +ccsso +o cns|no suc||o| |c|o|+noo um +mb|cntc |+vo|+vc| |nst|tuc|on+||z+-
io o+ csu|s+ c o+ os-g|+ou+io no mb|to oo scto| ub||co
O |n|c|o oos +nos sctcnt+ m+|c+ um momcnto oc +cc|c|+io oo |occsso oc const|uio |nst|tu-
c|on+| com o cnvo|v|mcnto +t|vo oo m+|o| b+nco oc |nvcst|mcnto b|+s||c||o o |+nco |+c|on+| oc
|cscnvo|v|mcnto |conom|co (||||) c oo ||n|stc||o oo ||+nc,+mcnto n+s oc|+ocs oc n+nc|+-
mcnto o+s +t|v|o+ocs oc C O |nst|umcnto uc v|+b|||zou o cnvo|v|mcnto ocsscs +to|cs |o| |unoo
|+c|on+| oc |cscnvo|v|mcnto C|cnt|co c ccno|og|co (|||C) c||+oo cm +,e, c cm oc|+io +
+|t|| oc +,;+ +t|+vcs o+ ||n+nc|+oo|+ oc |stuoos c ||o,ctos ||||| cm|cs+ cst+t+| c||+o+ +|+
+ gcstio oo novo |unoo ^ c||+io ocstc |unoo c o +ccsso + |ccu|sos n+ncc||os cm vo|umcs +ntcs
ocscon|cc|oos +|+v+ncou + |m|cmcnt+io oo +|uc oc csu|s+s c|cnt|c+s no +|s cm csc+|+ +tc
cntio |mcns+vc|
|m+ |nov+io |nt|oouz|o+ c|+ oc|+io oo |||C |o| + |nt|oouio oc |nst|umcntos +|t+mcntc c-
x|vc|s oc +o|o |nst|tuc|on+| |sscs |nst|umcntos +ssum|+m + |o|m+ oc cont|+tos cnvo|vcnoo vu|tos+s
som+s com g|+noc cx|b|||o+oc +|+ su+ ut|||z+io Os |ccu|sos cont|+t+oos oo|+m sc| cm|cg+oos
no +g+mcnto oc ob|+s +u|s|io oc cu|+mcntos +g+mcnto c;ou su|cmcnt+io oc s+|+||os oc
csu|s+oo|cs c tccn|cos bo|s+s oc cstuoo c tuoo o m+|s uc |ossc ncccss+||o +|+ conso||o+| um |+-
bo|+to||o ccnt|o oc csu|s+ ou |og|+m+ oc os-g|+ou+io |m+ c+|+ctc||st|c+ not+vc| ocsscs |o-
g|+m+s c o |+to oc uc c|cs c|+m cont|+t+oos o||ct+mcntc ,unto +os ||oc|cs oos g|uos oc csu|s+
+ss+noo o| c|m+ o+s |nstnc|+s occ|so||+s |o|m+|s o+s un|vc|s|o+ocs |+ coc+ cssc ocscn|o |mc-
o|u uc csscs |ccu|sos sc o||u|sscm no custc|o gc|+| o+s un|vc|s|o+ocs v|+b|||z+noo + conso||o+io oc
um +|uc oc csu|s+ c + conccnt|+io o+ os-g|+ou+io cm cscc|+| oos |og|+m+s oc oouto-
|+oo no |ntc||o| o+s un|vc|s|o+ocs ub||c+s (c +|gum+s |n|vc|s|o+ocs C+to||c+s) com m+|o| t|+o|io
oc csu|s+ |ssc u|t|mo |csu|t+oo cont||bu|u +|+ so||o|c+| os cst|c|tos v|ncu|os cnt|c cssc n|vc| oc
cns|no c + o|g+n|z+io o+ csu|s+ no |ntc||o| o+ un|vc|s|o+oc ub||c+ b|+s||c||+
|m out|o c|cmcnto |mo|t+ntc oo |occsso oc const|uio ocssc cs+o oc |nst|tuc|on+||z+io o+
csu|s+ nos +nos sctcnt+ |o| o ocscnvo|v|mcnto oo s|stcm+ oc +v+||+io o+ os-g|+ou+io c|+
64
Centro de G esto e Estudos Estratgicos
Cincia, Tecnologia e Inovao
Elizabeth Balbachevsky
C^|| + +|t|| oc +,;e (C+st|o c o+|cs +,se) ^ |n|c|+t|v+ oc o|g+n|z+| um+ +v+||+io oos |og|+-
m+s c nio oc |o,ctos cscc|cos |oostos o| cstuo+ntcs c |o|csso|cs |csono|+ + ocm+n-
o+s o|vc|s+s oo onto oc v|st+ o+s +gcnc|+s + +v+||+io c||+v+ um so||oo onto oc +|t|o+ +|+ o ,u|-
g+mcnto o+ u+||o+oc o+s |oost+s c |o,ctos o||unoos oc csu|s+oo|cs |+|+ os csu|s+oo|cs
+ +v+||+io |mun|+ um+ |o|tc b+||c||+ c++z oc |csc|v+| o |cst|g|o c + u+||o+oc o+ os-g|+ou+-
io +|cm oc +umcnt+| o ooc| oc b+|g+n|+ oos g|uos bcm +v+||+oos o|+ntc o+s o|sut+s |ntc|n+s
oc c+o+ +gcnc|+ |o ||mc||o cxc|c|c|o oc +v+||+io + C^|| contou com o +o|o o+s +ssoc|+ocs
c|cnt|c+s +|t|cu|+|mcntc + ^c+ocm|+ ||+s||c||+ oc C|cnc|+s (^|C) c + oc|co+oc ||+s||c||+ +|+ o
|cscnvo|v|mcnto o+ C|cnc|+ (||C) +|+ + o|g+n|z+io oc com|tcs oc +v+||+io cm too+s +s +|c+s
oo con|cc|mcnto O |occsso oc +v+||+io sc ccnt|ou n+ +n+||sc oo c|| oos g|uos oc csu|s+
||g+oos + c+o+ |og|+m+ o+noo g|+noc cn|+sc s ub||c+ocs oos csu|s+oo|cs ||g+oos + csscs g|u-
os Com b+sc ncsscs |csu|t+oos os |og|+m+s |o|+m cntio c|+ss|c+oos cm , +t+m+|cs (oc | + ^)
O succsso o+ ||mc||+ +v+||+io |cv+o+ + c+bo c|+ C^|| cst|mu|ou + |c+||z+io oc out|+ |oo+o+
oc +v+||+io cm +,;s Com css+s ou+s cxc||cnc|+s os |occo|mcntos oc +v+||+io sc conso||o+|+m
congu|+noo num+ o||t|c+ |c|cv+ntc uc concct+v+ ocscmcn|o c +o|o +|cm oc const|tu|| um
|mo|t+ntc s|n+| oc u+||o+oc |ccon|cc|oo como t+| o| tooos os +to|cs |c|cv+ntcs
|o onto oc v|st+ o+s o||t|c+s oc +o|o c|cnc|+ uc sc +|t|cu|+m ncssc c||ooo oo|s ontos oc-
vcm sc| |css+|t+oos |m ||mc||o |ug+| o |+to oc uc ocsoc o scu |n|c|o +s +t|v|o+ocs o+s +gcnc|+s
oc +o|o csu|s+ sc +|t|cu|+m cm to|no oos oo|s |nst|umcntos m+|s b+s|cos c m+|s ou|+oou|os
o+ o||t|c+ c|cnt|c+ b|+s||c||+ + conccssio oc +ux|||os uc +o|+m o ocscnvo|v|mcnto oc |o,ctos
oc csu|s+ com ou|+io ocn|o+ c ob,ct|vos c|+|+mcntc |ocnt|c+vc|s c + conccssio oc bo|s+s oc
cstuoo +|+ custc|o c m+nutcnio oc csu|s+oo|cs c cstuo+ntcs oc os-g|+ou+io ^ cnt|+o+ cm
oc|+io oo |||C t|ouxc +|+ + ccn+ um tc|cc||o |nst|umcnto o +o|o |nst|tuc|on+| o||cto +os
g|uos oc csu|s+ v|+b|||z+noo + su+ conso||o+io no |ntc||o| oc un|vc|s|o+ocs ub||c+s c |nst|-
tutos oc csu|s+
A dcada de 1980
^ occ+o+ oc so nio |cg|st|ou ncn|um+ |utu|+ m+|s |o|uno+ oo s|stcm+ oc +o|o c|cnc|+ c
tccno|og|+ uc sc congu|ou nos +nos sctcnt+ |nt|ct+nto o |ongo c||ooo oc c||sc uc sc +b+tcu
sob|c o +|s tc|m|nou o| +||oux+| + |o|tc concxio cnt|c +s o||t|c+s oc n+nc|+mcnto oc C c
o |o,cto m+c|o-cconom|co oc ocscnvo|v|mcnto oo +|s |so|+o+s ocnt|o oo govc|no +s g|+nocs
+gcnc|+s oc |omcnto csu|s+ +ss+|+m + o|sut+| u+sc scm|c com ouco succsso os +|-
cos |ccu|sos oo tcsou|o com out|+s +|c+s oo govc|no Com o +g|+v+mcnto oo u+o|o cconom|co
N o va G e ra o d e P o ltic a e m C i n c ia , Te c n o lo g ia e I n o va o
SEMINRIO INTERNACIONAL
65
Processos decisrios em poltica cientca, tecnolgica e de inovao no Brasil: anlise crtica
css+s +gcnc|+s v||+m m|ngu+| scus |ccu|sos c cn||+uccc| + c++c|o+oc oc coo|ocn+io cst|+tcg|c+
o+s occ|socs tom+o+s t+nto |ntc|n+mcntc como cnt|c c|+s
|css+ coc+ c oss|vc| t+mbcm obsc|v+| +ocs o| +|tc o+ +|t+ bu|oc|+c|+ c o+s +uto||o+ocs ccn-
t|+|s o+s un|vc|s|o+ocs ub||c+s +|+ +sscgu|+| o +ccsso |nst|tuc|on+| + +|tc oos |ccu|sos +o|t+oos
+|+ + csu|s+ |ssc mov|mcnto cont||bu|u cn||+uccc| os c+n+|s oc cont+to o||cto cst+bc|cc|oos
cnt|c +s +gcnc|+s oc n+nc|+mcnto c os g|uos oc csu|s+ n+ occ+o+ +ntc||o| c t|ouxc +|+ + +|cn+
occ|so||+ o+s o||t|c+s oc C um novo c ooc|oso +to| +tc cntio ouco +t|vo + bu|oc|+c|+ ccnt|+|
o+s un|vc|s|o+ocs ub||c+s
|usc+noo |csc|v+| scus +o|tcs oc |ccu|sos t+nto o C|| u+nto + C^|| convc|tc|+m um+
+|tc s|gn|c+t|v+ oos |cscct|vos o|+mcntos cm bo|s+s oc cstuoo
,
|o n+| oos +nos o|tcnt+ +s
cst|m+t|v+s oc|+|s c|+m oc uc o mont+ntc oc |ccu|sos o|st||bu|oos sob + |o|m+ oc bo|s+s oc cs-
tuoo c|+ +|ox|m+o+mcntc novc vczcs m+|o| oo uc o tot+| oc |ccu|sos +|oc+oos +|+ o custc|o oc
csu|s+s (|^|C +,,e) |+|+ comcns+| +s o|sto|socs |oouz|o+s o| cssc mov|mcnto +s +gcnc|+s
|nst|tu||+m t+x+s oc b+nc+o+ v|ncu|+o+s s bo|s+s |nt|ct+nto + ocst|n+io ocsscs |ccu|sos scm|c
|o| |ob|cm+t|c+ o+o+ + |ntc||c|cnc|+ o+s |nstnc|+s oc|+|s o+s un|vc|s|o+ocs uc |+vo|cc|+m um+
|og|c+ co|cg|+o+ - o| oos|io + um+ |og|c+ mc||toc|+t|c+ - no scu uso Os oucos |ccu|sos ocs-
t|n+oos o||ct+mcntc +o custc|o oc csu|s+s sc u|vc||z+|+m cm um numc|o g|+noc numc|o oc
|og|+m+s c |nst|umcntos mu|to cscc|cos |couno+noo cm su+ u+sc com|ct+ cstc||||z+io |m
+,,e m+|s oc +oo |og|+m+s nom|n+|s o|sut+m +cn+s cc|c+ oc +o/ oos |ccu|sos |coc|+|s o|so-
n|vc|s +|+ o scto|
|

|ssc u+o|o +ovc|so c o +no oc |unoo uc to|nou +t|+cntc +|+ + comun|o+oc oc csu|s+ c +|+
+s +gcnc|+s oc |omcnto o +ccsso + |ccu|sos c+t+oos ,unto + +gcnc|+s |ntc|n+c|on+|s |m +,s, o go-
vc|no b|+s||c||o conscgu|u |m+| um cm|cst|mo scto||+| ,unto +o |+nco |uno|+| o+noo o||gcm
+o ||og|+m+ oc ^o|o +o |cscnvo|v|mcnto C|cnc|+ c ccno|og|+ |^|C Os |ccu|sos ocssc
|og|+m+ c|m|t||+m + m+nutcnio oc g|uos oc csu|s+ conso||o+oos cm +|c+s cons|oc|+o+s cs-
t|+tcg|c+s +|+ o +|s t+|s como u|m|c+ b|otccno|og|+ novos m+tc||+|s ctc
O |^|C t+mbcm |c|cscntou um c|cmcnto oc cxc||mcnt+io |mo|t+ntc +|+ +s o||t|c+s oo
scto| (tcmmc| +,,e) |ssc |og|+m+ sc c+|+ctc||z+v+ c|o uso cxtcns|vo oc mcc+n|smos |nout|vos
3 |o: scu cst+tuto |cg+| no o:+mcnto |coc:+| - cu|v+|cntc + :ub:|c+ s+|+:|o os :ccu:sos +,o:t+oos ,+:+ css+ n+||o+oc nio
,oocm sc: co:t+oos oc um +no ,+:+ out:o
4 Um+ bo+ +n+||sc ocsscs ,:ob|cm+s ,ooc sc: cncont:+o+ nos oocumcntos oc +n+||sc oo |o:t|o||o oos |:og:+m+s |coc:+|s oc C81
oo 8:+s||. ,:oouz|oo ,c|+ |C1 ,o: oc+s|io o+s ncgoc|+cs oo |^|C1 (|^|C1;|C1 199)
66
Centro de G esto e Estudos Estratgicos
Cincia, Tecnologia e Inovao
Elizabeth Balbachevsky
t|+b+||+noo com c|+m+o+s +|+ too+s +s su+s +|c+s tcm+t|c+s O contcuoo c ob,ct|vos cst|+tcg|-
cos ocss+s c|+m+o+s c|+m ocn|oos cm com|tcs oc cscc|+||st+s uc |cun|+m |cnom+o+s ||oc|+n-
+s ocss+s +|c+s Out|o +sccto cm uc o |og|+m+ |novou |o| + +ooio oc um C|uo |scc|+| oc
^com+n|+mcnto (C|^) |ss+ |nstnc|+ comost+ oc um co|o |noccnocntc oc csu|s+oo|cs
b|+s||c||os c cst|+ngc||os oc |cnomc |ntc|n+c|on+| t|n|+ + |csons+b|||o+oc oc +com+n|+| + |m|c-
mcnt+io oo |og|+m+ c o|c|ccc| um+ +v+||+io cxtc|n+ oo scu |unc|on+mcnto |m scu +c| oc
|cv|so| o+s occ|socs tom+o+s no mb|to oc |^|C o C|^ cxc|ccu um+ |nucnc|+ cons|oc|+vc| nos
|umos oo ||og|+m+ ^ cx|stcnc|+ oo C|^ |c|cscntou um+ cxc||cnc|+ +|t|cu|+|mcntc ||c+ +|+
+s o||t|c+s oc C cscc|+|mcntc o| c||+| um c+n+| oc |ct|o-+||mcnt+io uc c|m|t|u cm o|vc|-
s+s oo|tun|o+ocs co|||g|| os |umos oc su+ +tu+io c +cumu|+| + cxc||cnc|+ +ou|||o+ (tcmmc|
+,,e |+|b+c|cvs|y .oo.)
O |+to m+c|o-o||t|co m+|s |c|cv+ntc oo n+| oos +nos o|tcnt+ c |n|c|o oos +nos novcnt+ |o| o |o-
ccsso oc |cocmoc|+t|z+io oo +|s |o bo,o oo |occsso const|tuc|on+| uc m+|cou os u|t|mos
+nos o+ occ+o+ oc o|tcnt+ +s +|c+s ||g+o+s + c|cnc|+ c tccno|og|+ |o|+m bcm succo|o+s cm +t|v+|
su+s concxocs com +s ||oc|+n+s o+ oos|io ocmoc|+t|c+ uc cntio sub|+m +o ooc|
,
Como |c-
su|t+oo ocssc |occsso + +|c+ +sccnocu +o st+tus m|n|stc||+| com + c||+io oo ||n|stc||o oc C|cnc|+
c ccno|og|+ (|C) tcnoo ||cntc o cx-ocut+oo |cn+to ^|c|c| um o||t|co con|cc|oo c com
|+|zcs +nt|g+s n+ comun|o+oc oc C |nt|ct+nto o |cst|g|o oo tcm+ c o+ +|c+ n+ |ov+ |cub||c+
ou|ou ouco |o onto oc v|st+ |nst|tuc|on+| o scto| oc C no mb|to oo govc|no |coc|+| tcvc
su+ cst|utu|+ b+s|c+ moo|c+o+ o|vc|s+s vczcs +o |ongo oo n+| oos +nos o|tcnt+ c |n|c|o oos +nos
novcnt+ |css+ |nst+b|||o+oc |nst|tuc|on+| |csu|tou um+ |c|+t|v+ sob|cos|io oc |unocs c +uto||-
o+oc cnt|c o |o||o ||n|stc||o c su+s ou+s ||nc|+|s +gcnc|+s + ||||| c o C|| +mb+s com um+
||sto||+ |nst|tuc|on+| bcm m+|s +nt|g+ c conso||o+o+ oo uc + oo ||n|stc||o |o onto oc v|st+ m+-
c|o-cconom|co soc|+| c o||t|co + c|s|stcnc|+ oc um u+o|o oc c||sc c oc +|t+ |n+io |+vo|cccu +
+ooio oc cst|+tcg|+s oc|cns|v+s o| +|tc o+s o||c|cntcs +gcnc|+s c||+noo um ccn+||o oc |c|+t|v+
|nocn|io oc +c|s ob,ct|vos c |unocs no scto| oc C
|m |csumo ooc sc o|zc| uc + c||sc cconom|c+ c sc+| uc sc +||+stou o| u+sc too+ + occ+o+ oc
o|tcnt+ c o |n|c|o o+ occ+o+ oc novcnt+ ocu o||gcm + um cst+nc+mcnto oos |nvcst|mcntos ub||cos
c um |ct|occsso cm mu|t+s o+s conu|st+s o+ occ+o+ +ntc||o| O |csu|t+oo n+| ocsscs |occssos |o|
o suc+tc+mcnto o+ |n||+cst|utu|+ oc csu|s+ oo +|s (Cu|m+|ics +,,e)
5 ^ c||tc c|cnt|c+ c +c+ocm|c+ oo ,+|s ocscm,cn|ou um ,+,c| oc :c|cvo n+ :cs|stcnc|+ +o :cg|mc +uto:|t+:|o +o |ongo oo n+|
oos +nos sctcnt+ c nos +nos o|tcnt+
N o va G e ra o d e P o ltic a e m C i n c ia , Te c n o lo g ia e I n o va o
SEMINRIO INTERNACIONAL
67
Processos decisrios em poltica cientca, tecnolgica e de inovao no Brasil: anlise crtica
O novo cenrio dos anos 1990
^ occ+o+ oc novcnt+ |o| m+|c+o+ o| |o|uno+s +|tc|+ocs no ccn+||o cconom|co c o||t|co oo +|s
Com + +bc|tu|+ oos mc|c+oos c + cst+b|||z+io o+ moco+ +b|c-sc um novo c|c|o oc |c|o|m+s n+s
o||t|c+s ub||c+s ^ ||bc|+||z+io oos mc|c+oos +||ou-sc +o |occsso m+c|o-||sto||co o+ g|ob+||z+io
+|+ |ovoc+| |c+||n|+mcntos |mo|t+ntcs n+ cst|utu|+ o||cnt+io c |+t|c+s o+s o||t|c+s oc C ^
muo+n+ no u+o|o cconom|co m+|s gc|+| oo +|s ocu o||gcm + um novo con,unto oc ucstocs uc
+||mcnt+|+m +s o|scussocs |c|+t|v+s |c-|nsc|io o+s o||t|c+s oc C no mb|to o+s o||t|c+s cst|+-
tcg|c+s +|+ o ocscnvo|v|mcnto c +|+ + |c-|nsc|io oo +|s n+ cconom|+ muno|+|
e
|nt|c +s ||nc|+|s
ucstocs uc mob|||z+|+m o ocb+tc n+c|on+| n+ coc+ cstio os |ob|cm+s +ssoc|+oos +o +umcnto o+
|oout|v|o+oc o+ |noust||+ b|+s||c||+ |o +ss+oo o |ob|cm+ o+ comct|t|v|o+oc oo +|s nos mc|-
c+oos |ntc|n+c|on+|s |+v|+ s|oo cu+c|on+oo b+s|c+mcntc +t|+vcs oc um+ v+|o||z+io oc v+nt+gcns
com+|+t|v+s o+ |noust||+ b|+s||c||+ cm +|t|cu|+| + cx|stcnc|+ oc um+ mio oc ob|+ scm|-u+||c+o+
oc b+|xo custo c um+ t+x+ oc cmb|o ||sto||c+mcntc m+nt|o+ cm n|vc|s |+vo|+vc|s
^s ucstocs |c|+c|on+o+s cst|utu|+ oc nosso +|uc |noust||+| scm|c |o|+m |c|cv+ntcs n+ +gcno+
n+c|on+| |nt|ct+nto os contcuoos ocss+s ucstocs muo+|+m c|+|+mcntc oc o||cio cnt|c os +nos
sctcnt+ c novcnt+ |os +nos sctcnt+ o ocb+tc cm to|no o+ cst|utu|+ oc noss+ |noust||+ t|n|+ o|
|c|c|cnc|+ oo|s |ob|cm+s + +utonom|+ n+c|on+| cm scto|cs cons|oc|+oos cst|+tcg|cos + |cocu+-
io com + o|vc|s|c+io oc nosso +|uc |noust||+| c com + su+ c++c|o+oc oc |ovc| o mc|c+oo
|ntc|no |os +nos novcnt+ o ocb+tc sc o||cc|onou +|+ + ucstio oo m|x oc |noust||+s |cscntcs
n+ cconom|+ su+ c++c|o+oc +|+ |nco|o|+| oc nov+s tccno|og|+s c + ||+g|||o+oc oc +|guns scto|cs
oc +|t+ tccno|og|+ ||cntc + comct|io |ntc|n+c|on+| ^o mcsmo tcmo +s |cocu+ocs ||g+o+s
comos|io o+ +ut+ oc cxo|t+ocs oo +|s c|cscc|+m |o| cntio uc + ucstio o+ b+|x+ +|t|c|-
+io oc noss+ cconom|+ nos mc|c+oos muno|+|s oc +|t+ tccno|og|+ +ssou + +t|+|| + +tcnio oc
um+ +|cc|+ |mo|t+ntc o+ c||tc
O vo|umc oc |nvcst|mcntos cm C cm |c|+io +o ||| oo +|s scm|c |o| um |+to| oc ||m|t+io
c|ccb|oo como |mo|t+ntc o| tooos os +to|cs |nt|ct+nto |o| + +|t|| oos +nos novcnt+ uc css+
o|scussio sc conccnt|ou n+ comos|io oos |nvcst|mcntos cscc|+|mcntc + b+|x+ +|t|c|+io oos
|ccu|sos o||unoos oo scto| cm|cs+||+| c +|t|cu|+|mcntc o+s cm|cs+s ||v+o+s |ssc o|+gnost|co
|o| cntio c|ccb|oo como um |+to| +ssoc|+oo b+|x+ c++c|o+oc |nov+t|v+ oo nosso scto| |noust||+|
6 |+:+ um+ :cv|sio s|stcm+t|c+ o+s muo+n+s obsc:v+o+s n+ ,c:cc,io o+s c||tcs sob:c +s ucstcs :c|+c|on+o+s +o ocscnvo|v|m-
cnto oo ,+|s. vc: 8+|b+c|cvs|y. .00.
68
Centro de G esto e Estudos Estratgicos
Cincia, Tecnologia e Inovao
Elizabeth Balbachevsky
| ocnt|o ocstc novo ccn+||o uc oocmos cncont|+| os c|cmcntos |c|cv+ntcs uc o||cc|on+m +s |c-
|o|m+s oo scto| oc C no |ntc||o| oo govc|no |coc|+| no n+| oos +nos novcnt+ |ssc |occsso oc
|c|o|m+s |o| +||mcnt+oo + +|t|| oc t|cs g|+nocs |n|c|+t|v+s + ncgoc|+io o+ tc|cc||+ |+sc oo |^|C
+s |c|o|m+s oo C|| c o+ |||||
|m uc cscm scus |csu|t+oos os|t|vos o |^|C cnt|c +,s, c +,,, c|m+ncccu scm|c como
um |og|+m+ ocnt|c out|os ^ss|m cm +,,, u+noo o govc|no b|+s||c||o m+n||cstou |ntc|cssc cm
cstcnoc| o |og|+m+ c cont|+t+| um novo cm|cst|mo + |c+io oo |+nco |uno|+| |o| ncg+t|v+
|m+ |cnov+io oo |og|+m+ nos scus mo|ocs o||g|n+|s cst+v+ |o|+ oc ucstio ^ ocsc|to ocss+
|c+io |n|c|+| +|guns scto|cs oo |+nco sc most|+v+m |nc||n+oos + cnc+m|n|+| um+ |oost+ oc |c-
ncgoc|+io n+ mco|o+ cm uc c|+ |nco|o|+ssc um cscoo m+|s +m|o oc |ntc|vcnio v|s+noo
um+ |c|o|m+ com|ccns|v+ oo scto| oc C |+|+ sc| |cncgoc|+oo o |o,cto |cc|s+||+ sc| |coc-
n|oo como um |og|+m+ oc |c|o|m+s c++z oc +tu+| no |+oo o+ ocm+no+ o| C |cv|s+noo +
+ocu+io o+ cst|utu|+ oc |nccnt|vos +|+ o |nvcst|mcnto oo scto| ||v+oo n+ +|c+ c mc||o|+noo
+ c|ct|v|o+oc oos |nvcst|mcntos ub||cos ^ ncgoc|+io o+ tc|cc||+ |+sc oo |^|C |o| |ong+ cs-
tcnocnoo-sc o| u+sc t|cs +nos c tc|m|nou com um ocscn|o |nst|tuc|on+| uc c|m|t|u + |nco|-
o|+io oc bo+ +|tc oos novos |nst|umcntos no mb|to o+s +gcnc|+s cxccuto|+s oo |og|+m+
||||| C|| c C^||
O |occsso oc ncgoc|+io o+s |c|o|m+s no C|| sc cstcnocu oc +,,, + +,,e (C|| +,,,) Os ||n-
c|+|s |csu|t+oos sc conccnt|+|+m cm to|no o+ +ooio oc um mooc|o oc |omcnto |nouz|oo + +|t||
oc c|+m+o+s uc o||cnt+sscm + +t|v|o+oc oc csu|s+ cm to|no oc tcm+s cst|+tcg|cos + ||o||z+io
oo +o|o |cocs oc csu|s+ como cst|+tcg|+ +|+ o +tcno|mcnto o+ ocm+no+ |cg|on+| c + v+|o||-
z+io o+s +t|v|o+ocs oc +com+n|+mcnto c +v+||+io como +t|v|o+ocs cst|+tcg|c+s o+ |nst|tu|io
^ ||||| |o| + +gcnc|+ m+|s +|ct+o+ c|os ocsc+m|n|os o+s o||t|c+s oc C oos +nos o|tcnt+ O cs-
v+z|+mcnto oos |ccu|sos oo |||C c o cn||+ucc|mcnto o+ os|io o+ +gcnc|+ no s|stcm+ n+c|o-
n+| oc |omcnto t|vc|+m como |csost+ um |occsso oc bu|oc|+t|z+io u|vc||z+io oc |og|+m+s
c |n|c|+t|v+s c cn||,cc|mcnto oo |occsso occ|so||o |ntc|no O |n|c|o oos +nos ,o |o| m+|c+oo o|
um+ g|+vc c||sc |nst|tuc|on+| u+noo sc cons|oc|ou |nc|us|vc + oss|b|||o+oc oc cxt|nio o+ +gcn-
c|+ ^ |csost+ + css+ s|tu+io oc co|+so |o| um+ |c|o|m+ cxtcns|v+ o+ +gcnc|+ uc tc|m|nou o|
|co||cnt+| o |oco oc su+ +io +|+ o un|vc|so o+s cm|cs+s co|oc+noo como mct+ + |omoio
oo |nvcst|mcnto cm tccno|og|+ no mb|to cm|cs+||+| (||||| +,,,) |+|+ +|c+n+| cssc ob,ct|vo +
+gcnc|+ |co|g+n|zou scus |og|+m+s cm to|no oc ||n|+s oc +io uc busc+v+m o|c|ccc| |csost+s
|ntcg|+o+s mob|||z+noo o||c|cntcs |nst|umcntos oc o||t|c+
N o va G e ra o d e P o ltic a e m C i n c ia , Te c n o lo g ia e I n o va o
SEMINRIO INTERNACIONAL
69
Processos decisrios em poltica cientca, tecnolgica e de inovao no Brasil: anlise crtica
O n+| oos +nos novcnt+ t+mbcm |o| m+|c+oo c|o |+n+mcnto oc oo|s novos |nst|umcntos o
||O||X c os |unoos cto||+|s O ||O||X ||og|+m+ oc ^o|o +os |uc|cos oc |xcc|cnc|+ |cson-
o|+ + um+ ocm+no+ co|oc+o+ c|+s ||nc|+|s ||oc|+n+s c|cnt|c+s +o govc|no |c|n+noo |cn||uc
C+|ooso no scnt|oo oc c||+| |nst|umcntos c++zcs oc sustcnt+| nuc|cos oc cxcc|cnc|+ c|cnt|c+ no
+|s O o|+gnost|co n+ coc+ c o n+nc|+mcnto t|unc+oo c oc cu|to |+zo |+t|c+mcntc |nv|+b|||-
z+v+m + |csc|v+io ocsscs g|uos |m scu |+n+mcnto cm +,,, o ||O||X +ssum|u + |o|m+ oc
um |og|+m+ mu|t|-+nu+| oc +o|o |nst|tuc|on+| + g|uos oc cxcc|cnc|+ oc too+s +s +|c+s oo con|c-
c|mcnto O |o|m+to o+s ||mc||+s c|+m+o+s cnt|ct+nto osc||ou cnt|c + |c|c|cnc|+ o| um +o|o
tcm+t|co - + g|uos c++zcs oc +|t|cu|+| con,untos oc |o,ctos ocnt|o oc um+ mcsm+ +|c+ c + sus-
tcnt+io oc |o,ctos un|t+||os m+s oc m+|o| cnvc|g+ou|+ |ss+ |nocn|io som+o+ +os c|c|tos o+s
succss|v+s c||scs cconom|c+s |ntc|n+c|on+|s uc sc +b+tc|+m sob|c o +|s no n+| oos +nos novcnt+
||m|t+|+m scvc|+mcntc os c|c|tos oo |og|+m+ ^ ocsc|to ocstc |+to cssc |og|+m+ c c|cusso|
oc um+ ||n|+ oc |og|+m+s os |nst|tutos oo |||cn|o c m+|s |cccntcmcntc os |nst|tutos |+c|o-
n+|s oc C|cnc|+ c ccno|og|+ uc c|m+ncccm +tc o |cscntc |sscs |og|+m+s mob|||z+m |ccu|sos
vu|tosos oo |C C|| |+nco |uno|+| c +|gum+s |uno+ocs cst+ou+|s oc ^m+|o |csu|s+ c
cvo|u||+m +|+ o +o|o + |cocs oc csu|s+ oc mb|to n+c|on+| uc uncm cs|o|os oc g|uos cm
o||c|cntcs cst+g|os oc conso||o+io cs+||+oos o| tooo o tc|||to||o n+c|on+| c +|t|cu|+oos cm to|-
no oc tcm+t|c+s cons|oc|+o+s cst|+tcg|c+s +|+ o ocscnvo|v|mcnto oo +|s
Os |unoos scto||+|s |o|+m c||+oos cm +,,, com + n+||o+oc oc |o|t+|ccc| + csu|s+ cm scto|cs
tccno|og|cos cst|+tcg|cos t+|s como cnc|g|+ c|ct||c+ s|oc|u|g|+ +c|on+ut|c+ c ct|o|co ^o tooo |+
|o,c +e |unoos scto||+|s scnoo +| |c|+t|vos + scto|cs cscc|cos c oo|s t|+nsvc|s+|s cus ob,ct|vos
sio v+||+oos cst|mu|+| os v|ncu|os cnt|c o scto| cm|cs+||+| c os ccnt|os oc csu|s+ oo +|s |nouz||
o +umcnto oos |nvcst|mcntos ||v+oos cm C c cont||bu|| +|+ + |couio o+ ocs|gu+|o+oc |cg|o-
n+| (no m|n|mo ,o/ oos |ccu|sos ocvcm sc| ocst|n+oos + |o,ctos + sc|cm |m|cmcnt+oos n+s |c-
g|ocs no|tc no|ocstc c ccnt|o-ocstc) Os |ccu|sos oos |unoos uc +tu+|mcntc |c|cscnt+m + m+|o|
+|tc oo |||C oc|+oo c|+ ||||| |ovcm ||nc|+|mcntc oc cont||bu|ocs |nc|ocntcs sob|c +
cx|o|+io oc |ccu|sos n+tu|+|s c|tcnccntcs |n|io |unoos oc |nvcst|mcntos scto||+|s c||+oos +o
|ongo oo |occsso oc ||v+t|z+io oos +nos novcnt+ c ocsoc oc .oo+ oc um+ Cont||bu|io oc |n-
tc|vcnio no |om|n|o |conom|co oc cm|cs+s oc scto|cs cscc|cos |+|+ +|c+n+| scus ob,ct|vos
os |unoos sio gc||oos o| com|tcs gcsto|cs const|tu|oos o| |c|cscnt+ntcs oos ||n|stc||os +|c|tos +
c+o+ +|c+ o+s +gcnc|+s |cgu|+oo|+s o+ comun|o+oc c|cnt|c+ c oo scto| cm|cs+||+|
^cs+| ocssc ocscn|o |nov+oo| n+ |+t|c+ os |unoos scto||+|s t|vc|+m um |m+cto bcm mcno| oo
uc o csc|+oo ^s |+zocs sio oc v+||+s o|ocns cm ||mc||o |ug+| o cont|ngcnc|+mcnto s|stcm+t|co
o+s vc|b+s o|son|vc|s tcm ||m|t+oo o |c+| mont+ntc oc |ccu|sos o|son|b|||z+oos c|os os |unoos
70
Centro de G esto e Estudos Estratgicos
Cincia, Tecnologia e Inovao
Elizabeth Balbachevsky
|m scgunoo |ug+| +s ncccss|o+ocs c||+o+s c|+s |cst||ocs o|+mcnt+||+s |most+s +o |C +c+b+m
cst|mu|+noo o uso oc +|tc s|gn|c+t|v+ ocsscs |ccu|sos +|+ n+nc|+| +t|v|o+ocs oc csu|s+ m+|s
convcnc|on+|s (|otc||o |ucno .oos) |m cstuoo |cccntc (.oo;) oo |og|+m+ conc|u|u uc scu
|m+cto +|+ + mob|||z+io oc |nvcst|mcntos ||v+oos c cucno ^ ||nc|+| cx||c+io +|+ |sso
cst+ nos +|tos custos oc t|+ns+io oo mooc|o oc gcstio oos |unoos +|t|cu|+|mcntc o cu|to cs+o
oc tcmo +|+ +|cscnt+io oc |o,ctos c + cx|gcnc|+ o+ |cscn+ oc um+ un|vc|s|o+oc c;ou |nst|-
tu|io oc csu|s+ como tom+oo|+ oos |ccu|sos (|||+ncz .oo;)
|o |+oo |cgu|+to||o um |mo|t+ntc m+|co oos +nos novcnt+ |o| + |c|o|m+ oo |occsso oc +v+||+io
o+ C^|| ^ ocsc|to oos c|c|tos os|t|vos +ntcs +ss|n+|+oos o |o|m+to o+ +v+||+io +oot+o+ c|+
C^|| +|cscnt+v+ v+||+s occ|cnc|+s uc sc +g|+v+|+m com o +ss+| oo tcmo ^ ||nc|+| oc|+s
occo|||+ oc su+ cxccss|v+ occnocnc|+ o+s occ|socs tom+o+s no mb|to oos com|tcs oc cscc|+-
||st+s O t+m+n|o o|m|nuto o+ comun|o+oc c|cnt|c+ b|+s||c||+ c + g|+noc cxos|io c v|s|b|||o+oc
ocsscs com|tcs to|n+v+-os cscc|+|mcntc vu|nc|+vc|s + |cssocs oc o|ocm +|ou|+| |m+ conscu-
cnc|+ ocss+s s|tu+io |o| + +u|+t|n+ |n+io oc concc|tos os|t|vos (C+st|o c o+|cs +,se C^||
+,,s) no |occsso oc +v+||+io |m +,,e u+t|o cm c+o+ c|nco |og|+m+s +v+||+oos |cccb|+m not+s
cnt|c ^ c | (C+cs +,,s)
|c+g|noo + css+ s|tu+io + C^|| |oos |o|uno+ |c|o|m+ cm scu mooc|o oc +v+||+io cm +,,s
O novo |o|m+to |csc|v+ + +uto||o+oc oos com|tcs oc cscc|+||st+s o|cm |moc |cg|+s m+|s ||g|-
o+s com + +ooio oc |no|c+oo|cs c +|mct|os ocn|oos uc b+||z+m + +tu+io oc c+o+ com|tc
|os novos |occo|mcntos mcst|+oo c oouto|+oo sio +v+||+oos cm con,unto c +s not+s v+||+m oc
+ + ; |cs c + not+ m|n|m+ +|+ uc um |og|+m+ +|c+ncc |ccon|cc|mcnto c|+ C^|| c +s not+s e
c ; sio |csc|v+o+s +|+ |og|+m+s uc +|t|cu|cm mcst|+oo c oouto|+oo c s|mu|t+nc+mcntc +|c+n-
ccm |csu|t+oos uc c|m|t+m u+||c+-|os como bons ou cxcc|cntcs tcnoo cm v|st+ os +|mct|os
|ntc|n+c|on+|s oc c+o+ +|c+ ^ |oo+o+ oc +v+||+io oc +,,s |o| |c+||z+o+ ,+ ocnt|o oos novos +|-
mct|os +|c+n+noo |csu|t+oos b+st+ntc s+t|s|+to||os oo onto oc v|st+ o+ ^gcnc|+ |+uc|+ |oo+o+
+cn+s ,o/ oos |og|+m+s +|c+n+|+m not+s v+||+noo cnt|c , c ; (C^|| +,,,)
||n+|mcntc um+ +|c+ uc +ssou o| um+ |mo|t+ntc |c-cst|utu|+io nos +nos novcnt+ |o| o como-
ncntc o||t|co-no|m+t|vo oo s|stcm+ oc C|cnc|+ c ccno|og|+ |ssc comoncntc scm|c |o| |mo|t+ntc
+|+ + o||t|c+ c|cnt|c+ b|+s||c||+ |csoc o |n|c|o oos +nos sctcnt+ + |o|mu|+io oos |og|+m+s c |ns-
t|umcntos oc C cstcvc cnu+o|+o+ cm ||+nos |+s|cos oc |cscnvo|v|mcnto C|cnt|co c ccno|og|-
co (| ||||C +,;,-+,;| || ||||C +,;e c ||| ||||C +,so-+,s,) ^ |oouio ocsscs oocumcntos
|o|tcmcntc +||n|+oos +os ob,ct|vos c mct+s oos ||+nos |+c|on+|s oc |cscnvo|v|mcnto |o|mu|+oos no
mb|to oo Covc|no |coc|+| |c|cscnt+v+ um momcnto oc +|t|cu|+io o||t|c+ o+ +|c+ C ,unto +s
N o va G e ra o d e P o ltic a e m C i n c ia , Te c n o lo g ia e I n o va o
SEMINRIO INTERNACIONAL
71
Processos decisrios em poltica cientca, tecnolgica e de inovao no Brasil: anlise crtica
ocm+|s +|t+ bu|oc|+c|+s oo |st+oo c c||+v+ um cs+o oc ncgoc|+io |mo|t+ntc c++z oc +sscgu|+|
|ccu|sos monct+||os c |cst|g|o +|+ + +|c+ (+||cs ||||o .oo. .oo,+ c .oo,b) |nt|ct+nto como |o| o|s-
cut|oo +ntc||o|mcntc css+s concxocs |+v|+m c|o|oo |c|cvnc|+ +o |ongo oos +nos o|tcnt+
|os +nos novcnt+ o ++|+to |cgu|+to||o o+ +|c+ cxc||mcntou um momcnto oc c|csc|mcnto c +|t|-
cu|+io com + |nst+|+io oc|+| oo Consc||o |+c|on+| oc C|cnc|+ c ccno|og|+ (CC) como o|gio
oc +sscsso|+mcnto o||cto o+ ||cs|ocnc|+ o+ |cub||c+ +|+ + |o|mu|+io oc o||t|c+s +|+ + +|c+
(+,,e) O Consc||o cont+ com + +|t|c|+io oc +o tooo +, m|n|stc||os |c|cscnt+ntcs o+ Comun|-
o+oc oc C c |c|cscnt+ntcs oos usu+||os oo s|stcm+ t+|s como cm|cs+||os o|g+n|z+ocs soc|+|s
c out|+s cnt|o+ocs |o onto oc v|st+ |nst|tuc|on+| o CC c||ou um+ b+sc so||o+ oc +nco|+gcm o+s
ucstocs |c|+c|on+o+s + c|cnc|+ c tccno|og|+ no cxccut|vo +|cscnt+noo-+s como ucstocs +|t|cu-
|+oo|+s oc o||t|c+s t|+nsvc|s+|s + n|vc| |coc|+| |css+ m+nc||+ o CC c|m|t|u +|c+ |cst+bc|ccc| +s
concxocs no |ntc||o| o+ +|t+ bu|oc|+c|+ oo |st+oo
||n+|mcntc o n+| oos +nos novcnt+ |o| t+mbcm m+|c+oo c|+ mob|||z+io oc +to|cs sub-n+c|on+|s
+|+ + +tu+io n+ +|c+ ^tc os +nos novcnt+ oucos cst+oos o+ |n|io t|n|+m su+s |o||+s |uno+-
ocs oc ^m+|o |csu|s+ (|^|s) ^tc cntio + cxc||cnc|+ o+ |^||| no cst+oo oc io |+u|o c|-
m+ncc|+ |so|+o+ no ccn+||o n+c|on+|
;
|os +nos novcnt+ o |occsso oc c||+io c;ou conso||o+io oc
|^|s cm out|os cst+oos g+n|ou |mu|so |o n+| oos +nos novcnt+ o |C cscc|+|mcntc +t|+vcs
oo C|| ocscnvo|vcu os ||mc||os |nst|umcntos +|+ o +o|o c + |nouio oc |n|c|+t|v+s |cg|on+|s
|oonoo |og|+m+s oc cooc|+io cnt|c + +gcnc|+ |coc|+| c +gcnc|+s cst+ou+|s no |omcnto oc
+|c+s cst|+tcg|c+s +|+ os cst+oos
s
^ oss|b|||o+oc oc c+t+| |ccu|sos no mb|to |coc|+| c||ou um
cst|mu|o os|t|vo +|+ + cx+nsio oc |^|s cm mu|tos |st+oos +,uoou + conso||o+| cxc||cnc|+s cm
+no+mcnto c |o| um |mo|t+ntc +||+oo +|+ + +sscgu|+| o+ +utonom|+ oc +|gum+s ocss+s +gcnc|+s
||cntc s |cssocs o+ o||t|c+ |oc+|
Cincia, tecnologia e inovao nos anos 2000
^ ucstio o+ |nov+io m+|cou |o|uno+mcntc + o||t|c+ oc C no ||+s|| n+ ||mc||+ occ+o+ oo
sccu|o XX| + onto oc |cocn|-|+ oc|+|mcntc como o||t|c+ oc C|cnc|+ ccno|og|+ c |nov+io
7 |o |n|c|o oos +nos novcnt+. ,o: oc+s|io o+ ,:omu|g+io o+ nov+ Const|tu|io oo |st+oo. ^ |^||:| conscgu|u +m,||+: scus
:ccu:sos ,+:+ 1` oo tot+| oos |m,ostos +::cc+o+oos no |st+oo. com,:omctcnoo +,cn+s ` oos scus :ccu:sos com o custc|o +o-
m|n|st:+t|vo o+ |nst|tu|io
8 ^ ucstio :cg|on+| scm,:c |o|. c cont|nu+ scnoo. um ,:ob|cm+ ccnt:+| o+ ,o||t|c+ oc C81 no 8:+s|| |+s occ+o+s oc sctcnt+ c
o|tcnt+. + ocs|gu+|o+oc o+s :cg|cs no +ccsso +os :ccu:sos |coc:+|s oc C81 |o| cn|:cnt+o+ com + :csc:v+ oc :ccu:sos ,+:+ +s :cg|cs
mcnos |+vo:cc|o+s ^ ,+:t|: oos +nos novcnt+. css+ +|tc:n+t|v+ |o| su,|cmcnt+o+ ,o: ,:og:+m+s cs,cc|cos. ocscnvo|v|oos ,unto +s
|^|s c ,c|+ +:t|cu|+io oc :cocs oc ,csu|s+ oc mb|to n+c|on+|
72
Centro de G esto e Estudos Estratgicos
Cincia, Tecnologia e Inovao
Elizabeth Balbachevsky
(C|) ^ tcm+t|c+ o+ |nov+io |o| t|+z|o+ +|+ o ccnt|o oos ocb+tcs n+ +|c+ ou|+ntc + || Con|c-
|cnc|+ |+c|on+| oc C|cnc|+ ccno|og|+ c |nov+io cm .oo+
,
m+s c|+ ,+ cst+v+ |cscntc cm too+s +s
cxc||cnc|+s oc |c|o|m+ o+ occ+o+ +ntc||o|
O cstuoo s|stcm+t|co oos |occssos +ssoc|+oos |nov+io tccno|og|c+ c |c|+t|v+mcntc |cccntc n+
||tc|+tu|+ +c+ocm|c+ |mbo|+ + gcnc+|og|+ ocsscs cstuoos |cmontc mu|t+s vczcs + t|+b+||os |onc|-
|os +|no+ oo sccu|o X|X (vc| o| cxcm|o |ou|st +,,;) c +cn+s no n+| oos +nos o|tcnt+ uc css+
+|c+ oc cstuoos sc congu|+ n+ ||tc|+tu|+ |ntc|n+c|on+| |o |n|c|o oos +nos novcnt+ + ub||c+io oc
oo|s vo|umcs um n+ |ng|+tc||+ (|unov+|| +,,.) c out|o nos |st+oos |n|oos (|c|son +,,.) b+||z+m
bo+ +|tc oo ocscnvo|v|mcnto ostc||o| oc concc|tos c|+vcs +|t|cu|+oos cm to|no oo mooc|o tc-
o||co oos s|stcm+s n+c|on+|s oc |nov+io (||) |o mb|to ocssc cstuoo nio sc t|+t+ oc o|scut|| o
s|gn|c+oo ocssc concc|to m+s s|m +ss|n+|+| + |mo|tnc|+ oc su+ +ooio +|+ o ocscn|o o+s o||-
t|c+s o+ +|c+ +go|+ |o|m+|mcntc |cocn|o+ como + +|c+ o+ c|cnc|+ tccno|og|+ c |nov+io (C|)
^ ccnt|+||o+oc oo novo concc|to cst+ +ssoc|+o+ +o scu otcnc|+| +|+ +|t|cu|+| um novo o|scu|so
uc c|m|t|u |c-+ccss+| + |c|+io cnt|c c|cnc|+ tccno|og|+ c ocscnvo|v|mcnto +tu+||z+noo +s on-
tcs uc c|m|t||+m no +ss+oo co|oc+| o +o|o +o ocscnvo|v|mcnto c|cnt|co (o|uc gc|+oo|
oc +v+nos tccno|og|cos) no ccnt|o oos |o,ctos oc ocscnvo|v|mcnto oo +|s |os +nos novcnt+
+ c|+vc oc cnt|+o+ oo concc|to cst+v+ +|t|cu|+o+ +os |cu|s|tos oc comct|t|v|o+oc o+ cconom|+
n+c|on+| nos mc|c+oos muno|+|s c o|t+nto no +c| cst|+tcg|co uc +s o||t|c+s oc c|cnc|+ c tcc-
no|og|+ c oc |nov+io] ,og+v+m +|+ + |nsc|io comct|t|v+ oo +|s nos novos cs+os c||+oos c|+
g|ob+||z+io |m .oo, + ||| Con|c|cnc|+ |+c|on+| oc C|cnc|+ ccno|og|+ c |nov+io |occocu |c-
|c|tu|+ oo concc|to co|oc+noo cn|+sc no otcnc|+| o+ |nov+io +|+ o ocscnvo|v|mcnto o+ |nous-
t||+ n+c|on+| + o|n+m|z+io o+s cconom|+s |cg|on+|s c + suc|+io oc s|tu+ocs oc ocs|gu+|o+ocs
|ss+s o||c|cntcs |c|tu|+s oo concc|to oc s|stcm+s n+c|on+|s oc |nov+io |c|cscnt+m cntcno|mcn-
tos o|st|ntos m+s nio ncccss+||+mcntc cxc|uocntcs c ||nc|+|mcntc nio |m||c+m n+ suc|+io
oc um+ |ntc||ct+io o| out|+ ^o cont|+||o o+ mcsm+ |o|m+ uc out|os ob,ctos oc oc||m|t+io
(bouno+|y ob,ccts no t|+b+||o oc t+| c C||cscmc| +,s,) cstuo+oos c|+ ||tc|+tu|+
+o
os concc|tos
oc |nov+io c oc s|stcm+s oc |nov+io sio suc|cntcmcntc +bc|tos +|+ como|t+| o||c|cntcs +bo|-
o+gcns uc uncm um+ g|+noc v+||co+oc oc +to|cs c |ntc|csscs +|no+ uc c+o+ um |ccon|c+ ncs-
scs concc|tos s|gn|c+oos (c conscucnc|+s o||t|c+s) b+st+ntc o|vc|sos
9 ^ ,:|mc|:+ Con|c:cnc|+ |+c|on+| oc C|cnc|+ c 1ccno|og|+ oco::cu cm 19s c. n+uc|c ,c:|ooo. tcvc um |m,+cto b+st+ntc
||m|t+oo. ,+ uc |o| |nc+,+z oc cont:+::cst+: +s tcnocnc|+s + |:+gmcnt+io c ocs+:t|cu|+io o+s ,o||t|c+s o+ +:c+. obsc:v+o+s +c|m+
10 |+:+ um+ cxcc|cntc :cv|sio oo uso ocssc concc|to n+ ||tc:+tu:+ uc +n+||s+ ,o||t|c+s c|cnt|c+s. vc: |+cob. .00
N o va G e ra o d e P o ltic a e m C i n c ia , Te c n o lo g ia e I n o va o
SEMINRIO INTERNACIONAL
73
Processos decisrios em poltica cientca, tecnolgica e de inovao no Brasil: anlise crtica
^ ocsc|to ocss+ o|vc|s|o+oc oc cntcno|mcntos + ccnt|+||o+oc oo concc|to oc |nov+io +|+ +
com|ccnsio oo |ug+| o+ o||t|c+ c|cnt|c+ c tccno|og|c+ n+s cst|+tcg|+s oc ocscnvo|v|mcnto oo
+|s cst+bc|cccu ||m|tcs |mo|t+ntcs +|+ + |cv|sio ocss+s o||t|c+s cm|ccno|o+ c|+s nov+s c||tcs
uc +sccnoc|+m +o ooc| com o govc|no |u|+ ^ +ooio oo concc|to oc |nov+io |mos + ncccss|-
o+oc oc ,ust|c+| + |oouio oo con|cc|mcnto cm |unio oc su+ |c|cvnc|+ (soc|+| ou cconom|c+)
c o |ccon|cc|mcnto o+ |c|cvnc|+ oc o||t|c+s c++zcs oc |o|m+| |n|o|m+| c sustcnt+| os c+n+|s oc
comun|c+io (c |ct|o-comun|c+io) cnt|c |oouto|cs c usu+||os oo con|cc|mcnto ^ m+nu-
tcnio oo concc|to oc |nov+io como c|cmcnto ocn|oo| oc n+||o+oc o+ o||t|c+ c|cnt|c+ c tcc-
no|og|c+ c||+ ||m|tcs c|+|os +|+ o ocscn|o gc|+| ocss+s o||t|c+s scus |nst|umcntos c su+ |o|m+ oc
conouio |css+ m+nc||+ c oss|vc| cntcnoc| +s cont|nu|o+ocs b+st+ntc s|gn|c+t|v+s n+s o||t|c+s
c nos |nst|umcntos cnt|c os +nos novcnt+ c os +nos .ooo
O C|| o| cxcm|o |csc|vou su+ voc+io |n|c|+| oc +gcnc|+ oc |omcnto o+ csu|s+ +c+ocm|c+
|os +nos novcnt+ css+ +gcnc|+ cxc||mcntou um |mu|so oc |c|o|m+ uc v+|o||z+v+ + |nouio (no
|ug+| oo +o|o ocm+no+ csontnc+) c + +ooio oc co|t+|s (c|+m+o+s) como |nst|umcnto |oc+|
o||cc|on+| + +t|v|o+oc oc csu|s+ +|+ tcm+s c ucstocs c|ccb|oos como cst|+tcg|cos |os +nos
.ooo cssc mov|mcnto |o| tcmc|+oo c|+ +ooio oc co|t+|s un|vc|s+|s ocscn|+oos +|+ +o|+|
|o,ctos oc csu|s+ ocnt|o oc tcm+t|c+s csontnc+s oc too+s +s +|c+s oc con|cc|mcnto |sscs
co|t+|s +o mcsmo tcmo cm uc sustcnt+m um cs+o oc +o|o |o,ctos gcst+oos no |ntc||o| o+
comun|o+oc c|cnt|c+ |nt|oouzcm c|cmcntos oc comct|io c + ncccss|o+oc oc ||c|+|u|z+io oc
tcm+s uc sio cst|+n|o +o |o|m+to v|gcntc nos +nos o|tcnt+ oc +o|o + |o,ctos oc csu|s+ cm
uxo cont|nuo |o| out|o |+oo os c|+m+oos co|t+|s un|vc|s+|s oc|+m cm con,unto com co|t+|s
tcm+t|cos |og|+m+s |o||zont+|s c out|os |nst|umcntos m+|s cscc|cos vo|t+oos +|+ |nouio oc
+t|v|o+ocs c|ccb|o+s como |c|cv+ntcs c|+ + +gcnc|+ cm consonnc|+ com os conscnsos uc sc
|o|m+m cm |o|uns n+c|on+|s c |ntc|n+c|on+|s
|+ mcsm+ |o|m+ cmbo|+ os |unoos scto||+|s tcn|+m um |m+cto ||m|t+oo u+noo sc cons|oc|+
su+ c++c|o+oc +|+ mob|||z+| |ccu|sos ||v+oos +|+ o |nvcst|mcnto cm c|cnc|+ c |nov+io + su+
|+c|on+||o+oc o||g|n+| c|m+nccc ^ oc|+io ocsscs |unoos cont||bu|u +|+ m+ntc| + |c|c|cnc|+
|og|c+ o+ |nov+io |o||+mcntc tccno|og|c+ c o|t+nto oc |ntc|+io com o mc|c+oo como
um oos os conouto|cs o+ +io o+ ||||| |nt|ct+nto cm consonnc|+ com o |c-cnu+o|+mcnto
oo concc|to oc |nov+io |omov|oo +o |ongo oos +nos .ooo ucstocs como |nc|usio soc|+| cu|-
o+oc ocscnvo|v|mcnto |cg|on+| c +o|o |noust||+ n+c|on+| tcnoc|+m + c|cscc| cm v|s|b|||o+oc oc-
s+|o,+noo tcm+t|c+s m+|s ou|+s |c|+c|on+o+s com + comct|t|v|o+oc |ntc|n+c|on+| o+ cconom|+
b|+s||c||+ oom|n+ntc nos +nos novcnt+
74
Centro de G esto e Estudos Estratgicos
Cincia, Tecnologia e Inovao
Elizabeth Balbachevsky
|m oos c|cmcntos m+|s s|gn|c+t|vos o+ cont|nu|o+oc o+s o||t|c+s cnt|c +s ou+s u|t|m+s occ+o+s
|o| + +|ov+io (.oo|) c |cgu|+mcnt+io (.oo,) o+ |c| oc |nov+io (|c| n +o,;,;.oo|) ^ |oos-
t+ ocss+ |c| o+t+ oo n+| oos +nos novcnt+ cu |oos|to o||g|n+| c|+ o oc c||+| mcc+n|smos uc
|+c|||t+sscm + c||cu|+io oc csu|s+oo|cs cnt|c +s |nst|tu|ocs oc csu|s+ c +s cm|cs+s c + |o-
moio o+ cooc|+io un|vc|s|o+oc-cm|cs+ n+ +|c+ oc csu|s+ c ocscnvo|v|mcnto tccno|og|co
O |csu|t+oo busc+oo o| css+ |c| cm su+ |oost+ o||g|n+| c|+ o|t+nto +|t|cu|+| c+n+|s uc c|-
mc+b|||zcm os ||m|tcs o+s |nst|tu|ocs oc csu|s+ +umcnt+noo + |ntc|+io cnt|c css+s |nst|tu|ocs
c o mc|c+oo u+noo +|ov+o+ cm .oo, + |c| |oos o +o|o + +||+n+s c |o,ctos cooc|+t|vos o
com+|t|||+mcnto oc |+bo|+to||os cnt|c o scto| |oout|vo c +s un|vc|s|o+ocs c ccnt|os oc csu|s+
+ c|m|ssio +|+ uc un|vc|s|o+ocs (ub||c+s) +|t|c|cm m|no||t+||+mcntc oo c+|t+| oc cm|cs+s
tccno|og|c+s o +o|o + mcc+n|smos oc |cmunc|+io o||c|cnc|+oos + csu|s+oo|cs cnvo|v|oos cm
|o,ctos oc |nov+io c su+ +|t|c|+io nos g+n|os oc||v+oos o+ cx|o|+io oc c||+io |otcg|o+
o| o||c|tos oc |o||co+oc |ntc|cctu+| c + oss|b|||o+oc oc uc o csu|s+oo| obtcn|+ um+ ||ccn+
cm su+ |nst|tu|io oc csu|s+ +|+ |o|m+| cm|cs+ uc cx|o|c |nov+ocs tccno|og|c+s ocscnvo|-
v|o+s + +|t|| oc su+s csu|s+s Como sc vc o |cnto c ocmo|+oo |occsso oc ncgoc|+io ocss+ |c|
uc sc cstcnocu o| u+sc +o +nos nio |o| suc|cntc +|+ muo+| |uno+mcnt+|mcntc su+s c+|+ctc-
||st|c+s ^ |c| +|no+ |csc|v+ os t|+os csscnc|+|s oc um |nst|umcnto vo|t+oo +|+ +umcnt+| + |ntc||+-
cc cnt|c o scto| ub||co c o ||v+oo c +ss|m cont||bu|| +|+ o ocscnvo|v|mcnto o+ comct|t|v|o+oc
o+ cconom|+ b|+s||c||+ cm csc+|+ g|ob+|
^ ocsc|to o+s cxcct+t|v+s gc|+o+s c|+ +|ov+io o+ |c| os |csu|t+oos +|c+n+oos c|+ su+ |m|c-
mcnt+io sio ocs+ont+oo|cs cm g|+noc +|tc o|uc c|+ nio |cso|vcu o no o+s ucstocs ,u||o|-
c+s uc cc|c+m +s +|cc||+s ub||co-||v+o+s c nio +tcntou +|+ +s ucstocs |c|+t|v+s cx|b|||o+oc
c +utonom|+ o+s |nst|tu|ocs ub||c+s (|otc||o c |ucno .oos) uc sc||+m ncccss+||+s +|+ uc + |n-
tc|+io cnt|c +s |nst|tu|ocs ub||c+s oc csu|s+ c o scto| ||v+oo oco||cssc oc |o|m+ m+|s |ntcns+
|o| out|o |+oo +s o||t|c+s vo|t+o+s +|+ + sustcnt+io oc ccnt|os oc cxcc|cnc|+ c|cnt|c+ + c+|go
||nc|+|mcntc oo C|| +ss+|+m o| |mo|t+ntcs +|tc|+ocs no scu ocscn|o cnt|c os +nos no-
vcnt+ c + ||mc||+ occ+o+ ocstc sccu|o O ocscnvo|v|mcnto m+|s csct+cu|+| ncssc scnt|oo |o| +
+ooio oc mooc|os oc +o|o + |coc oc csu|s+ +|t|cu|+o+s cm to|no oc tcm+t|c+s |ntc|o|sc|||n+-
|cs c uc |nc|ucm g|uos oc v+||+s |cg|ocs cm o||c|cntcs cst+g|os oc conso||o+io c com o|vc|sos
g|+us oc cxc||cnc|+ c cxos|io +o +mb|cntc |ntc|n+c|on+| O ocscnvo|v|mcnto ocsscs |og|+m+s
|nco|o|ou um+ |+c|on+||o+oc t||c+mcntc os-mooc|n+ uc sc +sscnt+ n+ cooc|+io |o||zont+|
c n+ |ccx|b|||o+oc (||+un .oo, || c V+n oc| |cu|cn +,,e)
^ ocsc|to oo |o|m+to |+o|c+|mcntc |nov+t|vo ocsscs |og|+m+s su+ |m|cmcnt+io +|no+ cn||cn-
t+ |ob|cm+s |c|cv+ntcs uc ||m|t+m o cscoo oc scu succsso |nt|c css+s o|cu|o+ocs ooc-sc
N o va G e ra o d e P o ltic a e m C i n c ia , Te c n o lo g ia e I n o va o
SEMINRIO INTERNACIONAL
75
Processos decisrios em poltica cientca, tecnolgica e de inovao no Brasil: anlise crtica
c|t+| + |c|+t|v+ |omogcnc|o+oc o+ comos|io ocss+s |cocs (sob|c + |mo|tnc|+ o+ |ctc|ogcnc|-
o+oc +|+ o o|n+m|smo c |nov+io |ntc|n+ o+s |cocs vc| cnt|c out|os || c V+n oc| |cu|cn +,,e
||+un +,,s c |on+|cos| .oo;) ^ g|+noc m+|o||+ ocss+s |cocs c const|tu|o+ cxc|us|v+mcntc o| cs-
u|s+oo|cs o||unoos o+ +c+ocm|+ ^ |ntc|+io ocss+s |cocs com +to|cs cxtc|nos (usu+||os) +|no+
|csc|v+ |mo|t+ntcs t|+os oo mooc|o sc|cncc us| (to|cs +,,;) onoc o csu|s+oo| sc ||m|t+ +
o|son|b|||z+| con|cc|mcnto +|+ cvcntu+|s |ntc|css+oos |css+ m+nc||+ |+ ouc+s oo|tun|o+ocs
+|+ o ocscnvo|v|mcnto c+n+|s |ccx|vos c++zcs oc sustcnt+| um+ +gcno+ oc csu|s+ com|cx+
c |ntc|+t|v+ (|+|b+c|cvs|y .oos) Out|+ o|cu|o+oc cst+ n+ +uscnc|+ oc |nstnc|+s |noccnocntcs oc
+com+n|+mcnto c++zcs oc |ct|o-+||mcnt+| o |occsso occ|so||o ocsscs |og|+m+s
^s o||t|c+s oc ocscnvo|v|mcnto |cg|on+| +ss+|+m o| muo+n+s |mo|t+ntcs uc |c|o|+|+m tcn-
ocnc|+s ,+ |cscntcs nos +nos novcnt+ ^ m+|s |mo|t+ntc oc|+s |o| o ocscnvo|v|mcnto oc um con-
,unto oc |og|+m+s +||cc|+oos n+ cooc|+io cnt|c +s +gcnc|+s |coc|+|s cscc|+|mcntc o C|| c
+s +gcnc|+s oc mb|to cst+ou+| (|^|s) |sscs |og|+m+s t|vc|+m mu|t||os |m+ctos os|t|vos t+nto
+|+ +s |nst|tu|ocs +|cc||+s como +|+ +s +gcnc|+s |coc|+|s |+|+ +s |nst|tu|ocs |oc+|s + +|cc||+
gc|ou g+n|os c|ct|vos cm |nst|tuc|on+||z+io v|s|b|||o+oc c |c|cvnc|+ no mb|to o+ o||t|c+ cst+ou+|
^ocm+|s cm mu|tos c+sos + |ntc|+io oo co|o bu|oc|+t|co |ncxc||cntc ocss+s |nst|tu|ocs com
+ cxc||cntc bu|oc|+c|+ |coc|+| gc|ou g+n|os |mo|t+ntcs oc u+||o+oc +|+ +s ||mc||+s |+|+ +s
+gcnc|+s |coc|+|s o| out|o |+oo csscs +co|oos c||+|+m c+n+|s oc +ccsso + g|uos oc csu|s+ |c-
g|on+|s +|no+ ouco |nst|tuc|on+||z+oos c uc o|c||mcntc sc||+m mob|||z+oos +|+ + +|t|c|+io
cm c|+m+o+s n+c|on+|s ^ocm+|s + cxc||cnc|+ oo ocscnvo|v|mcnto oc |og|+m+s c |nst|umcntos
cm co|+bo|+io com +s +gcnc|+s oc cscoo |cg|on+| c|m|t|u cx|o|+| um con,unto oc tcm+t|c+s
|c|cv+ntcs |cg|on+|mcntc uc |+|+mcntc sc +|t|cu|+m como ocm+no+s n+c|on+|s ||n+|mcntc css+s
+ocs |cg|on+|s |c|cscnt+m um cs+o |mo|t+ntc oc cxc||mcnt+io +|+ novos ocscn|os oc
|og|+m+s c |nst|umcntos
|m |csumo ooc-sc o|zc| uc oo onto oc v|st+ o+s o||t|c+s o |csu|t+oo oos |occssos ocsc||tos
+c|m+ c |ox|mo oo mooc|o +|cscnt+oo o| |ovu|st (.oo,) +|+ o+| cont+ oo c|| o+ o||t|c+
c|cnt|c+ succ+ oos +nos .ooo um s|stcm+ com|cxo c cumu|+t|vo comosto o| o||c|cntcs c+m+-
o+s sob|cost+s oc o||t|c+ c|cnt|c+ c tccno|og|c+ (c m+|s |cccntcmcntc oc |nov+io) c+o+ u+|
|csc|v+noo +|tcs |mo|t+ntcs oc su+ |og|c+ o|st|nt+ c scus ob,ct|vos cscc|cos (vc| t+mbcm |u|-
vo +,,|) |+ cxc||cnc|+ b|+s||c||+ + +comoo+io ocss+s c+m+o+s ||sto||c+s sc |oouz|u mco|+ntc
o cnt|c|++mcnto oc novos c vc||os |o|m+tos oc o||t|c+s |og|+m+s c |nst|umcntos ^ ocsc|to
ocss+ v+||co+oc |+ um c|cmcnto oc cocsio |mo|t+ntc |oouz|oo c|+ ccnt|+||o+oc oo concc|to
oc |nov+io +|+ tooos os +to|cs |cssc ccn+||o o|t+nto o concc|to oc |nov+io m+|s oo uc um
s|m|cs ob,cto oc oc||m|t+io (bouno+|y ob,cct) sc como|t+ como um |nst|umcnto oc +nco|+-
76
Centro de G esto e Estudos Estratgicos
Cincia, Tecnologia e Inovao
Elizabeth Balbachevsky
gcm (+nc|o||ng ocv|cc) t+| como |oosto o| |u|s ct +| (+,,s) ||c c||+ um+ |ntc||+cc +g|cg+o+ c
mu|t|v+|cntc cnt|c c|cnc|+ c o||t|c+ uc |moc ooc|osos |+st|os +|+ +|+ o cs+o oc ocn|io
oc o||t|c+s c |nst|umcntos cscc|cos
3. Polticas recentes de cincia, tecnologia e inovao no Brasil:
uma avaliao crtica.
|m+ +n+||sc c||t|c+ oo |o|m+to o+s o||t|c+s |cccntcs n+ +|c+ oc C| no ||+s|| c um cm|ccno|-
mcnto tcmc|+||o ,+ uc suoc +ssum|| o ||sco oc um+ cxccss|v+ gcnc|+||z+io cnoo css+ o|cu|o+-
oc cm mcntc o|cm um bom onto oc |c|c|cnc|+ tco||c+ +|+ cssc cxc|c|c|o sio os o|vc|sos t|+-
b+||os uc tom+m como |c|c|cnc|+ o mooc|o ||nc|+|-+gcnt (ocm+no+ntc-|c|cscnt+ntc) +|+
cntcnoc| os +|+ooxos c tcnsocs uc cc|c+m + |oouio oc o||t|c+s +|+ o ocscnvo|v|mcnto o+
c|cnc|+ tccno|og|+ c |nov+io (Custon +,,e ||+un +,,s c .oo, V+n oc| |cu|cn +,,s || c v+n
oc| |cu|cn +,,e |o|||s .oo, c ||c||x c |ccuw|s .oo,)
|m+ bo+ +|cscnt+io c cxcc|cntcs cxcm|os oo uso ocssc mooc|o +|+ + +n+||sc oc o||t|c+s +|+
c|cnc|+ ooc sc| cncont|+oo no vo|umc cscc|+|mcntc oco|c+oo +o ocb+tc ocssc tcm+ ub||c+oo
c|+ |cv|st+ c|cncc +no |ub||c |o||cy cm .oo, (numc|o , vo|umc , outub|o oc .oo,) |ssc mooc|o
su|g|u |o| ocscnvo|v|oo +|+ +n+||s+| s|tu+ocs cm uc um +to| o ocm+no+ntc (||nc|+|) oc-
|cg+ + |csons+b|||o+oc o| um+ +io + out|o +to| cm t|oc+ oc |ccu|sos | o|t+nto um mooc|o
uc busc+ cntcnoc| os o||cm+s c tcnsocs uc +com+n|+ um t|o cscc|co oc |c|+io soc|+| +
oc|cg+io onoc o ocm+no+ntc o|soc oc |ccu|sos m+s nio +uc|cs ncccss+||os +|+ + |c+||z+-
io oc scus ob,ct|vos (o| cxcm|o tcm o|n|c||o m+s nio +s |+b|||o+ocs ncccss+||+s +|+ |c+||z+|
um cm|ccno|mcnto) |+|+ +|c+n+| scus ob,ct|vos c|c |cc|s+ mob|||z+| out|o +to| o +gcntc (ou
|c|cscnt+ntc) uc +cc|t+ +g|| cm |+vo| oo ||nc|+| cm t|oc+ oos |ccu|sos o|son|b|||z+oos c|o
||nc|+| (||+un c Custon .oo,)
|x|stcm oo|s o||cm+s oc +io co|ct|v+ +ssoc|+oos +o |occsso oc oc|cg+io o ||sco mo|+| (moral
hazard) c c||os oc sc|cio (adverse selection) O ||mc||o occo||c o+s o|cu|o+ocs uc o ocm+no+n-
tc tcm +|+ g+|+nt|| uc scus ob,ct|vos sc,+m oc |+to +|c+n+oos +t|+vcs o+ +io oo |c|cscnt+ntc
|+oo uc o |c|cscnt+ntc c um +to| com ob,ct|vos c |ntc|csscs |o||os ncm scm|c co|nc|ocntcs
com os ob,ct|vos oo ocm+no+ntc |+ scm|c + oss|b|||o+oc oc uc o ||mc||o otc o| ||o||z+|
scus ob,ct|vos c nio +uc|cs uc |o|+m ob,cto oo cont|+to oc oc|cg+io |ssc o||cm+ c cx+cc|b+oo
c|+ +ss|mct||+ oc |n|o|m+ocs c comctcnc|+s uc usu+|mcntc +com+n|+ cssc t|o oc |c|+io
N o va G e ra o d e P o ltic a e m C i n c ia , Te c n o lo g ia e I n o va o
SEMINRIO INTERNACIONAL
77
Processos decisrios em poltica cientca, tecnolgica e de inovao no Brasil: anlise crtica
Os c||os oc sc|cio como o nomc |no|c+ t+mbcm occo||cm ocss+ +ss|mct||+ oc |n|o|m+ocs O
ocm+no+ntc nio tcm |n|o|m+io (c comctcnc|+s) suc|cntcs +|+ sc +sscgu|+| uc o +gcntc cs-
co|||oo c + su+ mc||o| oio o|uc |c+|mcntc tcm o mc||o| c|| oc comctcnc|+s c |+b|||o+-
ocs +|+ +|c+n+| scus ob,ct|vos cgunoo + ||tc|+tu|+ uc c|+bo|+ cssc mooc|o (vc| o| cxcm|o
\||||+mson +,;, Co|cm+n +,,o ||cw|ct c |cCubb|ns +,,+) csscs oo|s o||cm+s ++|cccm o|uc
cmbo|+ +mbos os |+oos o+ |c|+io tcn|+m |ntc|cssc cm uc c|+ +contc+ +s mot|v+ocs +|+ + |c-
|+io nio sio ncccss+||+mcntc co|nc|ocntcs |ssc ccn+||o +b|c + oss|b|||o+oc +|+ uc + so|uio
+|c+n+o+ sc,+ sub-ot|m+ +|+ +mbos o|s c o+ n+tu|cz+ ocss+ |c|+io c||+| oo|tun|o+ocs +|+ uc
os +to|cs cm +|t|cu|+| +uc|c uc cst+ n+ os|io oc +gcntc sc csu|vcm oc +|tc oc su+s ob||-
g+ocs ou m+n|u|cm o cntcno|mcnto oos ob,ct|vos +co|o+oos n+ |c|+io oc oc|cg+io
^ +||c+io ocssc mooc|o +|+ + +n+||sc oc +|guns +|+ooxos o+ o||t|c+ c|cnt|c+ c u+sc +uto-
cv|ocntc +|+ ||+un (+,,,) n+ b+sc oc tooos os cont|+tos uc s+nc|on+m o cm|cgo oc |ccu|sos
ub||cos +|+ n+nc|+| + c|cnc|+ cst+ scm|c + cxcct+t|v+ oc uc cssc |nvcst|mcnto t|+g+ bcnc||c|os
oc o|ocm ut|||t+||+ +|+ + soc|co+oc |ss+ cxcct+t|v+ c |ccon|cc|o+ o| too+ + ||tc|+tu|+ uc o|scu-
tc css+ ucstio (vc| cnt|c out|os |us| +,,s z|m+n +,,| Custon c |cn|ston +,,| Custon +,,e
to|cs +,,; Cu|b|+noscn .oo,) ||+un (+,,s) +n+||s+noo + n+tu|cz+ o+s |c|+ocs cnt|c +s +gcnc|+s
oc n+nc|+mcnto oc csu|s+ c + comun|o+oc oc csu|s+ |ooc uc css+s sc,+m cntcno|o+s +
+|t|| oc um mooc|o uc |cssuoc oo|s momcntos oc oc|cg+io um uc sc cst+bc|ccc cnt|c os
|c|cscnt+ntcs o||t|cos o+ soc|co+oc c css+s +gcnc|+s oc n+nc|+mcnto c out|o uc sc cst+bc|ccc
cnt|c +s +gcnc|+s c + comun|o+oc c|cnt|c+ |css+ m+nc||+ +s tcnsocs uc cc|c+m cssc t|o oc o||-
t|c+ oocm oco||c| cm t|cs +|cn+s o|st|nt+s + +|cn+ o||t|c+ + +|cn+ oc sc|cio c + +|cn+ oc cont|o|c
|ctom+noo scu mooc|o cm .oo, ||+un |ooc um+ t|o|og|+ +|+ o cntcno|mcnto oos o||c|cntcs
ocscn|os uc + o||t|c+ oc |omcnto csu|s+ ||sto||c+mcntc +ssum|u cgunoo cssc +uto| + cxc-
||cnc|+ |ntc|n+c|on+| ocsoc os +nos u+|cnt+ +tc o |cscntc c|m|tc |ocnt|c+| u+t|o g|+nocs |o|-
m+tos oc oc|cg+io |cscntcs ncss+ o||t|c+ O ||mc||o c + delegao cega (blind delegation) onoc
+ +gcnc|+ oc |omcnto no +c| oc ocm+no+ntc +ssumc como scus os |ntc|csscs o+ comun|o+oc
c|cnt|c+ o|s csscs +sscgu|+m o bcm m+|o| o+ soc|co+oc como um tooo ^ +gcnc|+ con+ no ,u|-
g+mcnto o+ comun|o+oc c|cnt|c+ +|+ o ocscnvo|v|mcnto oc s|stcm+s oc cc|-|cv|cw c++zcs oc
cst+bc|ccc| +|mct|os con+vc|s uc b+||zcm o uso oos |ccu|sos ub||cos
C||tc||os cxtc|nos nio tcm |c|cvnc|+ +|+ + sc|cio oo uc c ou nio n+nc|+oo ^ |cut+io oos
c|cnt|st+s ,unto su+ comun|o+oc cx|css+ c|o |m+cto o+ +t|v|o+oc co|to||+| oc c+o+ um c +
c+ ccnt|+| +|+ ocn|| o +ccsso +os |ccu|sos ub||cos |ssc mooc|o tcm o| b+sc o c|+ss|co cn-
tcno|mcnto oo |occsso oc |nov+io como um+ conscucnc|+ o||ct+ (c n+tu|+|) o+ bo+ c|cnc|+ ||
78
Centro de G esto e Estudos Estratgicos
Cincia, Tecnologia e Inovao
Elizabeth Balbachevsky
(+,,|) +ont+ com c|+|cz+ + su+ ||nc|+| ||+g|||o+oc +os o||os o+ soc|co+oc + |obustcz oo s|stcm+
oc cc|-|cv|cw ||cntc |og|c+s oc o|ocm +|ou|+|s c co|cg|+o+s (cm cont|+os|io |og|c+ mc||to-
c|+t|c+) +|+ +sscgu|+| uc +cn+s os mc||o|cs |o,ctos tc|io +ccsso +os |ccu|sos ub||cos
O scgunoo |o|m+to c + oc|cg+io +t|+vcs oc |nccnt|vos (oc|cg+t|on by |nccnt|vcs) ^u| + +gcn-
c|+ oc |omcnto ,ust+oc +os |ccu|sos +|oc+oos o| oc|cg+io ccg+ out|os |ccu|sos uc s|n+||z+m
+|c+s c tcm+s cons|oc|+oos ||o||t+||os busc+noo |nouz|| o |ntc|cssc o+ comun|o+oc oc cscc|+-
||st+s +|+ css+s +|c+s
^ ||nc|+| o|cu|o+oc ocssc |o|m+to occo||c o+ |+|t+ oc convc|gcnc|+
++
cnt|c + +gcno+ tcm+t|c+
|oost+ c|+ |nstnc|+ o||t|c+ c +uc|+ v+|o||z+o+ c|+ comun|o+oc c|cnt|c+ |css+s c||cunstn-
c|+s o ocscn|o o+ o||t|c+ sc +|ox|m+ oo mooc|o c|+ss|co o+ |c|+io ocm+no+ntc-|c|cscnt+ntc
t+| como |o|mu|+o+ c|+ ||tc|+tu|+ + +gcnc|+ tcnt+ |o|mu|+| ||o||o+ocs uc |unc|on+m como |ns-
t|uocs +|+ o c|cnt|st+ uc o| su+ vcz |csc|v+ um+ |+|g+ m+|gcm oc +utonom|+ +|+ |c+||z+| +
csu|s+ |nt|ct+nto o c|cnt|st+ mcsmo u+noo +t|+|oo c|+ |oost+ |c|t+ c|+ +gcnc|+ |csc|v+
um |cg|t|mo |ntc|cssc cm su+ c+||c||+ uc nio c contcm|+oo c|os |csu|t+oos occo||cntcs o+ su+
+t|v|o+oc oc csu|s+ ocnt|o ocstc |o|m+to |sso s|gn|c+ uc os custos +|+ os c|cnt|st+s cnvo|v|oos
ncsscs |og|+m+s nio sio nu|os c o|t+nto o +mb|cntc c||+ c|+|os |nccnt|vos +|+ uc c|cs m+n|u-
|cm o cntcno|mcnto oos ob,ct|vos +co|o+oos n+ |c|+io oc oc|cg+io busc+noo +m||+| o cs+o
oc cong|ucnc|+ cnt|c os |csu|t+oos |oostos c|+ o||t|c+ c +uc|cs v+|o||z+oos c|+ comun|o+oc
c|cnt|c+ uc cont|nu+ cont|o|+noo os s|n+|s oc |cst|g|o sob + |o|m+ oc ub||c+ocs c c|t+ocs
|m s|tu+ocs oc +bunonc|+ oc |ccu|sos cssc ocscn|o oc o||t|c+ tcnoc + ||+c+ss+| no scu |ntcnto
oc +t|+|| um numc|o s|gn|c+t|vo oc csu|s+oo|cs comctcntcs +|+ +s +|c+s uc + +gcnc|+ oc |o-
mcnto cons|oc|+ cst|+tcg|c+s |tu+ocs oc csc+sscz t+|s como +s v|v|o+s c|+ comun|o+oc c|cnt|c+
cm tooo o munoo nos +nos o|tcnt+ (z|m+n +,,|) +umcnt+m o v+|o| |c|+t|vo oos |nccnt|vos o|so-
n|b|||z+oos c|o +to| o||t|co |nt|ct+nto scgunoo ||+un cnu+nto c|m+nccc|cm |nt+ct+s +s ||c-
|+|u|+s +c+ocm|c+s t|+o|c|on+|s c +s cst|utu|+s oc |ccomcns+ |oouz|o+s cxc|us|v+mcntc + +|t||
oo ,ogo oc |cst|g|o uc occo||c o+s ub||c+ocs c c|t+ocs (|o|+ny| +,e.) cssc mooc|o oc o||t|c+
c|cnt|c+ +occc |o|tcmcntc oos |ob|cm+s oc||v+oos oc s|tu+ocs oc mo|+| |+z+|o ,+ uc o cs-
u|s+oo| tcm um |ntc|cssc gcnu|no cm us+| os |ccu|sos o|son|b|||z+oos +|+ csu|s+s cst|+tcg|c+s
+|+ |c+||z+| su+ |o||+ +gcno+ oc csu|s+s |+zc| csu|s+ b+s|c+ com um b|c||n|o +||c+oo
n+ |to|csc+ ||ngu+gcm oc scto|cs o+ +c+ocm|+ b|+s||c||+
11 |v|ocntcmcntc. sc |ouvcssc convc:gcnc|+. + s|n+||z+io co|oc+o+ ,c|+ +gcnc|+ sc:|+ ocsncccss+:|+. c cst+ ,ooc:|+ o,c:+: no
mooc|o oc oc|cg+io ccg+ scm |nco::c: cm custos cxt:+s +ssoc|+oos + sc|cio o+ +gcno+ c + +v+||+io oos scus :csu|t+oos
N o va G e ra o d e P o ltic a e m C i n c ia , Te c n o lo g ia e I n o va o
SEMINRIO INTERNACIONAL
79
Processos decisrios em poltica cientca, tecnolgica e de inovao no Brasil: anlise crtica
|ssc |m+ssc sc |cso|vc n+ mco|o+ cm uc + o||t|c+ c|cnt|c+ cncont|c mc|os oc muo+| o |o||o
+mb|cntc |nst|tuc|on+| ocnt|o oo u+| + c|cnc|+ c |oouz|o+ +umcnt+noo o v+|o| |nt||nscco o+ |cs-
ons|v|o+oc soc|+| +os o||os o+ |o||+ comun|o+oc |ss+ muo+n+ nio c |+c|| c nio sc |oouz scm
con|tos ||+ occnoc oc um+ +|tc|+io n+ cst|utu|+ oc |ccomcns+s o+s |nst|tu|ocs (c o|t+nto
oc um+ cxtcns+ |c|o|m+ |nst|tuc|on+|) c n+ ||c|+|u|+ o+ |o||+ comun|o+oc c|cnt|c+ o uc nio
ooc sc| |oouz|oo cxc|us|v+mcntc + +|t|| oc |cssocs o||uno+s oc |o|+ (+|+ um+ |cv|sio ocsscs
o||cm+s vc| |+|b+c|cvs|y .oos)
^ suc|+io ocssc |m+ssc +|+ ||+un c |oouto oo ocscnvo|v|mcnto oc out|+ moo+||o+oc oc
oc|cg+io o| c|c ocnom|n+o+ oc o||t|c+s oc delegao por contrato (delegation by contract) |+
oc|cg+io o| cont|+to os ob,ct|vos c |csu|t+oos csc|+oos o+ +t|v|o+oc o+s |nst|tu|ocs oc csu|-
s+ (c o+s |nst|tu|ocs +c+ocm|c+s cm gc|+|) sio cst+bc|cc|oos +t|+vcs oc um+ ncgoc|+io cnt|c css+s
|nst|tu|ocs c +s |nstnc|+s ub||c+s |csons+vc|s o| scu custc|o
|o|t+nto ncss+ moo+||o+oc + +gcno+ tcm+t|c+ sc |oouz n+ |ntc|+io cnt|c ocm+no+ntc c |c|c-
scnt+ntc o uc |m||c+ cm muo+n+s cst|utu|+|s |c|cv+ntcs n+ congu|+io oc +mbos +to|cs |cs-
s+ congu|+io oc o||t|c+s um+ +|tc |c|cv+ntc oo cont|+to nio c ncgoc|+o+ com o csu|s+oo|
(ou + cu|c oc csu|s+) m+s o||ct+mcntc com + |nst|tu|io oc csu|s+ |css+ m+nc||+ um novo
+to| c |nco|o|+oo +o |occsso |+ mco|o+ cm uc |oo+o+s oc ncgoc|+io sc succocm c+n+|s oc
comun|c+io sc cst+b|||z+m c||+noo mcc+n|smos uc +cc|c|+m o |occsso oc +|cno|z+gcm oc to-
oos os +|t|c|+ntcs (||+un |cnn|ng|o .oo,) |o| csscs mot|vos o |occsso oc ncgoc|+io o+
+gcno+ tcm+t|c+ |oouz |mo|t+ntcs muo+n+s no mb|to o+s |nst|tu|ocs oc csu|s+ c t+mbcm
no |ntc||o| o+ |o||+ comun|o+oc c|cnt|c+ |sscs |occssos moo|c+m o s|stcm+ oc |ccomcns+s
ocss+s |nst|tu|ocs |cocncm +c|s c t|+ns|o|m+m + ||c|+|u|+ no mb|to o+ comun|o+oc c|cnt|-
c+ (||+un .oo, ,+|)
+.
|+s nov+s c||cunstnc|+s comctcnc|+s +|+ + cooc|+io c +|+ o oc-
scnvo|v|mcnto oc +gcno+s oc csu|s+ ncgoc|+o+s cm |cocs |ctc|ogcnc+s sio c|ccb|o+s como c||-
t|c+s c o|t+nto v+|o||z+o+s t+nto c|+ comun|o+oc c|cnt|c+ como c|+s |nst|tu|ocs oc csu|s+
+,

12 ^ ucstio o+ muo+n+ oo +mb|cntc |nst|tuc|on+| c +,ont+o+ como c:uc|+| t+mbcm ,o: 8on+cco:s| c co|+bo:+oo:cs (.00 c
.009). + ,+:t|: oc out:+ +bo:o+gcm tco:|c+ |+:+ csscs +uto:cs. + com,|cx|o+oc o+s o|nm|c+s c :c|+cs uc cc:c+m +s nov+s +:c+s
oc con|cc|mcnto (b|otccno|og|+. n+notccno|og|+. c|cnc|+s o+ |n|o:m+io. cnt:c out:+s) co|oc+ ||m|tcs ,+:+ o succsso oc ,o||t|c+s
oc +,o|o uc +oot+m um ocscn|o m+|s t:+o|c|on+| ^ ,:omoio ocss+s +:c+s cx|gc um+ |nst|tuc|on+||o+oc m+|s cx|vc| c o|nm|c+
c+,+z oc sustcnt+: os ,:occssos |nc:cntcs oc c:csc|mcnto :+,|oo c o|vc:gcntc. + :cocn|io oos +mb|cntcs oc ,:oouio oc con-
|cc|mcnto como s|mu|t+nc+mcntc +mb|cntcs oc +,||c+io c + |o:tc |ntc:+io cnt:c os o||c:cntcs t|,os oc |nst|tu|cs. c+,+z oc
sustcnt+: + com,|cmcnt+:|o+oc cogn|t|v+ uc cst+ n+ b+sc oo con|cc|mcnto ,:oouz|oo ncss+s +:c+s
13 ||s|c:. ^t||nson-:os,c+n c |ousc (.001). +n+||s+noo + cx,c:|cnc|+ o+ const|tu|io oc :cocs tcm+t|c+s +ssoc|+o+s +o ,:og:+m+
|ctwo:| o| Ccnt:cs o| |xcc||cncc. no C+n+o+. ocsc:cvcm ,o:mcno:|z+o+mcntc +s muo+n+s uc css+s o|nm|c+s oc ncgoc|+io
|nt:oouz|:+m no ,c:| o+ c||tc c|cnt|c+ o+uc|c ,+|s
80
Centro de G esto e Estudos Estratgicos
Cincia, Tecnologia e Inovao
Elizabeth Balbachevsky
| cssc +mb|cntc |nst|tuc|on+| m+|s com|cxo uc to|n+ oss|vc| o u|t|mo mooc|o oc oc|cg+io
|oosto o| ||+un + oc|cg+io +|+ |cocs (delegation to networks) uc +|t|cu|+m os |ntc|csscs c +
+|t|c|+io oc csu|s+oo|cs o||unoos oc o||c|cntcs +mb|cntcs |nst|tuc|on+|s oc usu+||os c oc ou-
t|os |ntc|csscs soc|ct+|s |ss+s |cocs cst|utu|+m |occssos oc +|cno|z+gcm co|ct|v+ cooc|+io c
|ccx|b|||o+oc |css+ nov+ moo+||o+oc o ||nc||o oc concct|v|o+oc o ocscnvo|v|mcnto oc on-
tcs uc concct+m +ocs |ntc|csscs c |nst|tu|ocs cnvo|v|o+s no |occsso oc |nov+io - to|n+-sc um
oos c|cmcntos ccnt|+|s o+ o||t|c+ c|cnt|c+ (||+un .oo, ,+e) |ss+ cst|+tcg|+ oc|cg+ + occ|sio c
+ +io +|+ +s |cocs c||+noo oo|tun|o+ocs +|+ + cx|o|+io oc novos c+m|n|os oc |ntc|+io c oc
|nov+io |cnt|o ocss+ |og|c+ + +v+||+io oos |og|+m+s c o||t|c+s sc ccnt|+ n+ +v+||+io o+s u+||-
o+ocs o+s |cocs uc c|cs |oouzcm o uc c||+ novos ocs+os cogn|t|vos +|+ +s +gcnc|+s oc |omcn-
to m+s o|m|nucm o|+st|c+mcntc os custos oc suc|v|sio |m||c|tos nos oo|s mooc|os +ntc||o|cs
| oss|vc| ut|||z+| o u+o|o oc |c|c|cnc|+s +c|m+ +|+ com|ccnoc| +|gum+s o|nm|c+s |m||c|t+s
n+s muo+n+s o+ o||t|c+ oc C| b|+s||c||+ ocsc||t+s n+ ||mc||+ +|tc ocssc t|+b+||o |os +nos
sctcnt+ + ocsc|to o+ |o|tc concxio uc cntio sc cst+bc|cccu cnt|c c|cnc|+ c ocscnvo|v|mcnto o
+|c+bouo |nst|tuc|on+| uc |o| const|u|oo |nco|o|ou tooos os c|cmcntos |cscntcs no mooc|o o+
oc|cg+io ccg+ ^ const|tu|io oc comctcnc|+s m|n|m+s cm too+s +s +|c+s oo con|cc|mcnto c|+
um oos ob,ct|vos ccnt|+|s o+ o||t|c+ c|cnt|c+ |css+ |o|m+ + o||cio |ntc|cctu+| o+s o||t|c+s oc
+o|o c|cnc|+ |o| cnt|cguc s ||oc|+n+s c|cnt|c+s n+c|on+|s o+ coc+ Oc|+noo + +|t|| oc com|-
tcs oc cscc|+||st+s ou cm ncgoc|+io o||ct+ com + +|t+ bu|oc|+c|+ o+s +gcnc|+s cntio c||+o+s css+s
c||tcs cxc|cc|+m um +c| |c|cv+ntc n+ ocn|io oos contcuoos o+ csu|s+ cm o||c|cntcs +|c+s
|+|+ o csu|s+oo| |no|v|ou+|mcntc c +|+ c+o+ g|uo oc csu|s+ cm +|t|cu|+| o +ccsso +os |c-
cu|sos oc custc|o +ss+v+ o| scu |ccon|cc|mcnto ,unto + css+ c||tc |cssc |occsso +|guns |o|uns
t|vc|+m (c tcm) um +c| c||t|co cnt|c c|cs os com|tcs oc +v+||+io o+ os-g|+ou+io const|tu|oos
c|+ C^|| |m su+ +tu+io csscs com|tcs |o|+m (c +|no+ sio) |mo|t+ntcs |o|uns +|+ + x+io
oos +o|ocs oc u+||o+oc o+ csu|s+ c +s ||c|+|u|+s +c+ocm|c+s |cg|t|m+noo ob,ctos oc cstuoo
tco||+s c mctooo|og|+s c v+|o||z+noo octc|m|n+oos +o|ocs oc ub||c+io c oc |ntc|+io com + co-
mun|o+oc |ntc|n+c|on+| (Cout|n|o +,,e c |+|b+c|cvs|y c|w+|tzm+n .o+o+)
^ c||sc oos +nos o|tcnt+ |c+|ou c+m|n|o +|+ +|tc|+ocs |mo|t+ntcs ocssc u+o|o ^ csc+sscz
oc |ccu|sos o|st||bu|oos scgunoo + |og|c+ o+ oc|cg+io ccg+ |mos + busc+ c|+ o|vc|s|c+io o+s
|ontcs oc n+nc|+mcnto o+ csu|s+ |nt|ct+nto o +mb|cntc |otcc|on|st+ som+oo + um+ con,un-
tu|+ |n+c|on+||+ |nv|+b|||zou u+|uc| +|t|c|+io oo scto| cm|cs+||+| ^ b+|x+ comct|io c||+o+
c|+ |otcio oos mc|c+oos cm um u+o|o oc +|t+ |n+io |nocx+io gcnc|+||z+o+ o+ cconom|+
som+o+s s oo|tun|o+ocs oc +|tos g+n|os oo mc|c+oo n+ncc||o oc cu|to |+zo |+t|c+mcntc
c||m|n+v+ u+|uc| +t|+t|vo cm |nvcst|mcntos oc |ongo |+zo cscc|+|mcntc cm ocscnvo|v|mcnto
tccno|og|co ^ss|m o un|co +|cc||o v|+vc| +|+ + comun|o+oc oc csu|s+ n+c|on+| cont|nu+v+ scn-
N o va G e ra o d e P o ltic a e m C i n c ia , Te c n o lo g ia e I n o va o
SEMINRIO INTERNACIONAL
81
Processos decisrios em poltica cientca, tecnolgica e de inovao no Brasil: anlise crtica
oo o |st+oo ||+ntc o+ csc+sscz oos |ccu|sos o|st||bu|oos c|+s +gcnc|+s oc +o|o csu|s+ +s ||n-
c|+|s ||oc|+n+s c|cnt|c+s busc+|+m +t|v+mcntc cst+bc|ccc| c+n+|s oc +ccsso + out|+s bu|oc|+c|+s c
s cm|cs+s cst+t+|s ncgoc|+noo o||ct+mcntc com os novos +t|onos |ccu|sos +|+ + m+nutcnio
oc scus g|uos oc csu|s+
+|

|m uc csc v+||os |csu|t+oos os|t|vos obt|oos + +|t|| ocssc mov|mcnto css+s muo+n+s nio |coun-
o+|+m cm +|tc|+ocs oc |unoo no mooo oc oc|cg+io uc |n|o|m+v+ + o||t|c+ oc C oo c||ooo
|m+ +|tc |mo|t+ntc oos |ccu|sos mob|||z+oos ,unto + out|+s bu|oc|+c|+s oo |st+oo c|+ c+n+||z+o+
+|+ + csu|s+ como |csu|t+oo oc ncgoc|+ocs +o-|oc |cc|+o+s uc sc cst+bc|cc|+m cnt|c +|guns g|u-
os +c+ocm|cos c scto|cs cscc|cos o+ bu|oc|+c|+ cst+t+| |o |+oo oc bo+ +|tc o+s c||tcs c|cnt|c+s
su+ |ntc|+io com out|+s bu|oc|+c|+s |csono|+ + um con,unto oc mot|v+ocs t+t|c+s O +o|o obt|oo
ncss+s ncgoc|+ocs +cn+s |ccnc||+ um+ |+cun+ |og|st|c+ + |+|t+ oc |ccu|sos m+|s nob|cs +|+ o+| su-
o|tc +t|v|o+oc oc csu|s+ uc cont|nu+v+ scnoo v+|o||z+o+ c|o scu contcuoo ocsc|ntc|css+oo
O |csu|t+oo ocsscs mov|mcntos gc|ou um +o|io oc +|t|cu|+io cnt|c + bu|oc|+c|+ cst+t+| c scto|cs
o+ +c+ocm|+ uc sc +|ox|m+ oo mooc|o oos +nc|s bu|oc|+t|cos t+| como occ||to o| C+|ooso (+,;,)
+|+ cntcnoc| + com|cx+ +ssoc|+io cnt|c scto|cs |noust||+|s c |st+oo no c||ooo m|||t+|
O |o|m+to oc +|t|cu|+io ocsc||to +c|m+ |ccon|cc|o+mcntc |moc |o|tcs obst+cu|os um+ |og|c+
occ|so||+ un|vc|s+||st+ ncccss+||+ +|+ + |nst|tuc|on+||z+io oc o||t|c+s ub||c+s |o| su+ vcz o ccn+-
||o oc csc+sscz c |ncc|tcz+ uc cc|c+v+ + +t|v|o+oc o+s +gcnc|+s oc |omcnto |nv|+b|||z+v+ u+|uc|
|ntc|vcnio oc |ongo |+zo ^ un|c+ cxccssio + cssc u+o|o |o| + cxc||cnc|+ oo |^|C |nt|ct+nto
+tc mc+oos oos +nos novcnt+ o |m+cto ocssc |og|+m+ oo onto oc v|st+ oo ocscn|o o+ o||t|c+
c|cnt|c+ b|+s||c||+ |o| mu|to |cst||to
|os +nos novcnt+ +s |c|o|m+s cm|ccno|o+s n+s +gcnc|+s oo |C c||+m um +mb|cntc |nst|tuc|o-
n+| m+|s |+vo|+vc| +|+ + |m|+nt+io o+s s|stcm+t|c+s oc oc|cg+io o| |nccnt|vo |ntc|n+mcntc
css+s |c|o|m+s |c|o|+|+m +s +gcnc|+s oc |omcnto sustcnt+noo + c||+io oc comctcnc|+s |nst|tu-
c|on+|s ncccss+||+s +|+ css+ moo+||o+oc oc o||t|c+ not+o+mcntc comctcnc|+s oc coo|ocn+io
c oc mon|to|+mcnto ^ nov+ con,untu|+ oos +nos .ooo +m||ou o cs+o oc +io oc |og|+m+s
uc +tu+m sob cssc |o|m+to +o mcsmo tcmo uc +b||u cs+o +|+ +s ||mc||+s cxc||cnc|+s com
|og|+m+s uc sustcnt+m o ocscnvo|v|mcnto oc |cocs oc csu|s+
Como ooc-sc vc| um c|cmcnto uc cst+ +uscntc n+ cxc||cnc|+ b|+s||c||+ c + +ooio oc |o|m+tos
o||t|c+s uc sc +|ox|m+m oc um mooc|o oc oc|cg+io o| cont|+to Os |og|+m+s uc m+|s sc
14 |ssc mov|mcnto |o| m|t|g+oo +,cn+s no |st+oo oc :io |+u|o. onoc + cont|nu|o+oc o+s oot+cs o+ |^||:| o|m|nu|u (m+s nio
c||m|nou) + ncccss|o+oc o+ busc+ ,o: |ontcs +|tc:n+t|v+s oc n+nc|+mcnto ,+:+ + ,csu|s+
82
Centro de G esto e Estudos Estratgicos
Cincia, Tecnologia e Inovao
Elizabeth Balbachevsky
+|ox|m+m ocssc |o|m+to busc+m |nouz|| nov+s ||o||o+ocs no mb|to o+s |nst|tu|ocs +c+ocm|-
c+s |coc|+|s |m ||n|+s b+s|c+s csscs |og|+m+s s|n+||z+m + o|son|b|||z+io oc |ccu|sos +|+ +s |nst|-
tu|ocs uc cstc,+m o|sost+s + conccnt|+| cs|o|os n+ consccuio oc ob,ct|vos un||o|mcs +|+ to-
o+s +s |nst|tu|ocs ^|guns ocsscs |og|+m+s sio m+|s bcm succo|oos out|os mcnos m+s ncn|um
oc|cs +b|c cs+o +|+ um+ ncgoc|+io com|ccns|v+ c |no|v|ou+||z+o+ ,unto + c+o+ |nst|tu|io
tcnoo o| b+sc um cntcno|mcnto +cc|c+ o+ su+ m|ssio cscc|c+ c oos scus ob,ct|vos
|x+t+mcntc o| cssc mot|vo +s un|vc|s|o+ocs b|+s||c||+s nio cxc||mcnt+|+m |occssos oc |c|o|-
m+s o+ govc|n+n+ |ntc|n+ uc + ||tc|+tu|+ |ntc|n+c|on+| tom+ como o+oo +o +n+||s+| +s muo+n+s
|cccntcs no cns|no suc||o| (vc| cnt|c out|os |++nscn .oo, +|m|ncn .oo, |||| .oo; tcns+|c|
.oo;) O |csu|t+oo c um+ |c|+t|v+ o+c|o+oc o+ |nst|tu|io +c+ocm|c+ +|+ +s s|n+||z+ocs m+|s o|-
nm|c+s uc vcm oc |o|+ (c t+mbcm oc ocnt|o) |m su|vcy |cccntcmcntc |c+||z+oo ,unto + um+
+most|+ oos |o|csso|cs un|vc|s|t+||os b|+s||c||os |no|cou uc +cn+s .,/ oos +c+ocm|cos uc t|+-
b+||+m n+s un|vc|s|o+ocs ub||c+s +c|co|t+m uc + u+||o+oc o+s csu|s+s c um |+to| |c|cv+ntc
+|+ +s occ|socs |ntc|n+s oc su+ |nst|tu|io |c|+t|v+s + cont|+t+io c |omoio oc |o|csso|cs (|+|-
b+c|cvs|y c c|w+|tzm+n .o+ob) |ss+ |c|+t|v+ +nom|+ |nst|tuc|on+| c||+ ||m|tcs |mo|t+ntcs +|+ o
+m+ou|cc|mcnto oc cxc||cnc|+s m+|s o|nm|c+s como c o c+so o+s o||t|c+s uc busc+m +o|+| +
|o|m+io oc |cocs oc con|cc|mcnto c out|+s cst|utu|+s uc suocm um+ |ntc|+io m+|s cx|vc| c
+bc|t+ cnt|c o||c|cntcs +to|cs uc +|t|c|+m o+ gc|+io oc novos con|cc|mcntos c comctcnc|+s
no mb|to oc |occssos oc |nov+io soc|ct+|s | b+st+ntc |ov+vc| uc css+ s|tu+io sc,+ um |+to|
|c|cv+ntc + o|cu|t+| + |nst|tuc|on+||z+io oc cxc||cnc|+s |nov+oo|+s no mb|to oo scto| ub||co
oo cns|no suc||o| b|+s||c||o
Concluses
|stc t|+b+||o |cz um+ |cv|sio o+s ||nc|+|s ||n|+s oc cvo|uio o+ o||t|c+ c|cnt|c+ b|+s||c||+ c +|c-
scntou um+ |ccxio c||t|c+ +cc|c+ oos ||m|tcs o+s muo+n+s cxc||mcnt+o+s cm +nos |cccntcs |c-
const|tu|noo + t|+,cto||+ oo |occsso oc |nst|tuc|on+||z+io ocss+s o||t|c+s o t|+b+||o c|+m+ + +tcn-
io +|+ oo|s momcntos ||sto||cos |mo|t+ntcs O ||mc||o ocsscs momcntos oco||cu nos +nos
sctcnt+ u+noo css+ o||t|c+ |o| conccb|o+ como um |nst|umcnto cst|+tcg|co +|+ + suc|+io oo
cc|co tccno|og|co cntio c|ccb|oo como um oos m+|o|cs obst+cu|os +o ocscnvo|v|mcnto oo +|s
O scgunoo momcnto oco||cu cnt|c o n+| oos +nos novcnt+ c o |n|c|o oos .ooo ^ |c|o|m+ o+ o||-
t|c+ c|cnt|c+ cm|ccno|o+ ncssc scgunoo c||ooo |nco|o|ou + tcm+t|c+ o+ |nov+io tccno|og|c+
N o va G e ra o d e P o ltic a e m C i n c ia , Te c n o lo g ia e I n o va o
SEMINRIO INTERNACIONAL
83
Processos decisrios em poltica cientca, tecnolgica e de inovao no Brasil: anlise crtica
como o g|+noc c|xo cst|utu|+ntc ocss+s o||t|c+s |stc t|+b+||o |ooc uc + ccnt|+||o+oc oo con-
cc|to oc |nov+io +|+ +s |c|o|m+s cst+ +ssoc|+o+ +o scu otcnc|+| +|+ +|t|cu|+| o novo o|scu|so
uc c|m|t|u |c-+ccss+| + |c|+io cnt|c c|cnc|+ tccno|og|+ c ocscnvo|v|mcnto |cssc scnt|oo o con-
cc|to oc |nov+io |o| |nco|o|+oo no ocb+tc +cc|c+ ocss+ o||t|c+ +tu+ como um ob,cto oc oc||m|-
t+io (t+| c C||cscmc| +,s,) como|t+noo o||c|cntcs +bo|o+gcns c +ux|||+noo + un|| um+ g|+noc
v+||co+oc oc +to|cs c |ntc|csscs
^ ocsc|to o+ o|vc|s|o+oc oc cntcno|mcntos + ccnt|+||o+oc oo concc|to oc |nov+io +|+ + com-
|ccnsio oo |ug+| o+ o||t|c+ c|cnt|c+ c tccno|og|c+ n+s cst|+tcg|+s oc ocscnvo|v|mcnto oo +|s
cst+bc|cccu ||m|tcs |mo|t+ntcs +|+ + |cv|sio ocss+s o||t|c+s |cssc ccn+||o o|t+nto o concc|to
oc |nov+io m+|s oo uc um s|m|cs ob,cto oc oc||m|t+io (bouno+|y ob,cct) sc como|t+ como
um |nst|umcnto oc +nco|+gcm (+nc|o||ng ocv|cc) c||+noo um+ |ntc||+cc +g|cg+o+ c mu|t|v+|cntc
cnt|c c|cnc|+ c o||t|c+ m+s uc +|no+ +ss|m |moc ooc|osos |+st|os +|+ o cs+o oc ocn|io
oc scus contcuoos
O concc|to oc |nov+io como um |nst|umcnto oc +nco|+gcm o+s o||t|c+s oc C| c um+ tcm+-
t|c+ uc |cc|s+ sc| mc||o| cx|o|+o+ |o mooc|o ocscnvo|v|oo o| |u|s ct +| (+,,s) + mooc|+gcm
oc +|tc|+tos cogn|t|vos c||+ |cst||ocs |c|cv+ntcs t+nto +|+ o +mb|cntc o+ |o|mu|+io o||t|c+ como
+|+ o +mb|cntc c|cnt|co |ssc cono|c|on+mcnto mutuo |cc|s+ sc| +|ccno|oo + +|t|| oc um cs-
tuoo oct+||+oo ocsscs |occssos n+ cxc||cnc|+ b|+s||c||+
|o| out|o |+oo como +contccc cm mu|t+s out|+s +|c+s +s |c|o|m+s n+ +|c+ oc c|cnc|+ c tccno|og|+
nio oocm sc| +bo|o+o+s cxc|us|v+mcntc + +|t|| o+ ot|c+ o+ o||t|c+ oomcst|c+ |ss+s |c|o|m+s
cm +|tc t+mbcm |csonocm + s|n+|s o||uno|oos cm +|cn+s |ntc|n+c|on+|s |nt|ct+nto + o||usio
oc concc|tos c tcm+t|c+s oo +mb|cntc |ntc|n+c|on+| +|+ o +mb|cntc oomcst|co nio ooc sc| v|st+
como um+ s|m|cs t|+ns|+nt+io oc novos v+|o|cs uc su|+nt+m +utom+t|c+mcntc out|os m+|s
+nt|gos (|o| .oo,) |mbo|+ os |o|uns |ntc|n+c|on+|s ,ogucm um +c| |c|cv+ntc n+ ncgoc|+io o+s
muo+n+s o |csu|t+oo n+| |cc|s+ sc| cntcno|oo como um |occsso oc |cconst|uio |oc+| onoc
contcuoos c s|gn|c+oos sio |c-|ntc||ct+oos oc +co|oo com +s cxcct+t|v+s c os v+|o|cs |c-cx|s-
tcntcs |ssc |occsso oc |oc+||z+io oc no|m+s |oouz|o+s c|os |o|uns |ntc|n+c|on+|s (^|c|+y+
.oo|) n+ cxc||cnc|+ b|+s||c||+ |cc|s+ sc| cstuo+oo o|s ooc |cvc|+| |mo|t+ntcs cono|c|on+ntcs
+|+ o |occsso occ|so||o o+ o||t|c+ c|cnt|c+ tccno|og|c+ c oc |nov+io nio +cn+s no +|s como
cm out|+s soc|co+ocs cmc|gcntcs
^ scguno+ +|tc oo t|+b+||o cons|stc num cxc|c|c|o oc +||c+io oo mooc|o ||nc|+|-+gcnt +|+
+ +n+||sc o+s o||c|cntcs cxc||cnc|+s oc |ntc|+io cnt|c + comun|o+oc c|cnt|c+ c +s |nstnc|+s oc
84
Centro de G esto e Estudos Estratgicos
Cincia, Tecnologia e Inovao
Elizabeth Balbachevsky
occ|sio o+ o||t|c+ c|cnt|c+ +o |ongo oos u|t|mos u+|cnt+ +nos ^|no+ uc suc|nto o cxc|c|c|o c|-
m|t|u |ocnt|c+| +|gum+s tcm+t|c+s |mo|t+ntcs +|+ um+ +gcno+ oc cstuoos o+ o||t|c+ oc C|
no ||+s|| ^ ucstio ccnt|+| uc cmc|gc ocssc cxc|c|c|o c o |c|+t|vo ocscom+sso cnt|c +s muo+n+s
oco|||o+s no ocscn|o o+s o||t|c+s oc C| c nos m|c|o-+mb|cntcs oc csu|s+ c o m+c|o-+mb|cn-
tc |nst|tuc|on+| o+s |nst|tu|ocs +c+ocm|c+s b|+s||c||+s
|ssc ocb+tc |cco|oc+ + ucstio o+ |nst|tuc|on+||z+io o+ csu|s+ no |ntc||o| o+ un|vc|s|o+oc b|+s|-
|c||+ c + conscucntc ncgoc|+io oc cs+os |nst|tuc|on+|s c |ccu|sos soc|+|s ncccss+||os +|+ ||c o+|
sustcnt+io ^ |nst|tuc|on+||z+io o+ csu|s+ c mu|t+s vczcs +ssoc|+o+ +o ocscnvo|v|mcnto oc s|s-
tcm+s oc os-g|+ou+io (Cc|gc| +,,, C|+|| +,,, c +,,, |c+vc .oo. cnt|c out|os) ^ +n+||sc |c|t+
o| |u||+n c Cusso (+,,+) o+ cxc||cnc|+ b|+s||c||+ most|+ como + os-g|+ou+io |o| |gu+|mcntc
|c|cv+ntc +|+ o |occsso oc |nst|tuc|on+||z+io o+ csu|s+ no ||+s||
|nt|ct+nto + ocsc|to o+ |mo|tnc|+ uc + os-g|+ou+io tcvc c cont|nu+ tcnoo +|+ + |nst|tuc|o-
n+||z+io o+ csu|s+ n+s un|vc|s|o+ocs b|+s||c||+s c |ncg+vc| uc o u+o|o |nst|tuc|on+| uc cc|c+
css+ +t|v|o+oc sc to|nou mu|to m+|s com|cxo |o ||+s|| como cm out|os +|scs + csu|s+ nio
ooc m+|s sc| busc+o+ +cn+s no |ntc||o| oos oc+|t+mcntos c |og|+m+s oc os-g|+ou+io |m+
v+||co+oc +|no+ ouco con|cc|o+ oc novos |o|m+tos |ntc|vcm ncssc |occsso ucstocs |c|+t|v+s
+|oc+io oc |ccu|sos m+tc||+|s |um+nos c |cst|g|o to|n+m-sc m+|s com|cx+s ncssc novo +m-
b|cntc |nst|tuc|on+| |+o|ocs oc co|+bo|+io +||c+mcnto c con|to sio m+|s o||usos c +s ||n|+s oc
|c+|o+oc c comct|io m+|s o|||cc|s oc sc|cm com|ccno|o+s |+ cxc||cnc|+ b|+s||c||+ css+ o|vc|-
s|c+io c||+ |ob|cm+s c ocs+os cscc|cos +|+ + govc|n+n+ o+s |nst|tu|ocs un|vc|s|t+||+s Os
+nos |cccntcs |o|+m tcstcmun|+s oc um c|csc|mcnto o+s |nstnc|+s oc coo|ocn+io o||cnt+io
|cgu|+io c +v+||+io o+ +t|v|o+oc oc csu|s+ no |ntc||o| o+s |nst|tu|ocs +c+ocm|c+s b|+s||c||+s
scm uc scus c|c|tos tcn|+m s|oo com|ct+mcntc cntcno|oos
|cssc novo +mb|cntc + +t|v|o+oc oc csu|s+ cst+ su,c|t+ + um con,unto oc |cssocs b+st+ntc m+|s
com|cxo oo uc +uc|c ocsc||to c|+ ||tc|+tu|+ n+c|on+| u+noo nos +nos o|tcnt+ c |n|c|o oos +nos
novcnt+ +n+||s+v+ + |nst|tuc|on+||z+io o+ csu|s+ no |ntc||o| o+ un|vc|s|o+oc b|+s||c||+ |+uc|+
coc+ o o|+gnost|co convc|gcntc c|+ uc + csu|s+ v|cc,+v+ nos |ntc|st|c|os o+ |nst|tu|io un|vc|-
s|t+||+ |otcg|o+ o| um +mb|cntc |c|+t|v+mcntc +n+|u|co c||+noo +u||o uc + ||tc|+tu|+ n+c|on+|
c|+mou oc |||+s oc cxcc|cnc|+ (O||vc||+ +,s|) |os o|+s oc |o,c o |omcnto c +s s|stcm+t|c+s oc
+v+||+io o+ +t|v|o+oc oc csu|s+ +ss+|+m o| um |occsso oc |o|m+||z+io oc c||tc||os c +|-
mct|os gc|+noo |cssocs |omogcnc|z+oo|+s nio ocs|cz|vc|s uc sc cont|+ocm +os |occssos
oc o|vc|s|c+io uc oocm sc| obsc|v+oos n+ o|g+n|z+io o+ csu|s+ no |ntc||o| o+ |nst|tu|io
un|vc|s|t+||+ Com|ccnoc| mc||o| o novo m++ o+ |nst|tuc|on+||z+io o+ csu|s+ no |ntc||o| o+s
N o va G e ra o d e P o ltic a e m C i n c ia , Te c n o lo g ia e I n o va o
SEMINRIO INTERNACIONAL
85
Processos decisrios em poltica cientca, tecnolgica e de inovao no Brasil: anlise crtica
un|vc|s|o+ocs const|tu| um tcm+ |c|cv+ntc +|+ + +n+||sc o+s nov+s o||t|c+s oc C| |stc cs|o|o
c|m|t||+ +v+||+| + n+tu|cz+ c o |m+cto oos novos |occssos oc govc|n+n+ sob|c ocscnvo|v|mcnto
o+ csu|s+ no ||+s||
||n+|mcntc um tcm+ uc |cc|s+ sc| m+|s cx|o|+oo o|z |csc|to +os +o|ocs oc |ntc|n+c|on+||z+io
oos g|uos oc csu|s+ b|+s||c||os ^ |nsc|io oos g|uos oc csu|s+ n+c|on+|s cm |cocs |ntc|n+-
c|on+|s oc |oouio oc con|cc|mcnto |moc o|nm|c+s nov+s c||+ cono|c|on+mcntos |c|cv+ntcs
+|+ + +gcno+ oc csu|s+ oos g|uos n+c|on+|s c |cv+nt+ ucstocs |mo|t+ntcs +cc|c+ o+ |c|cvnc|+
c |ntc||+cc ocss+ +gcno+ com +s ncccss|o+ocs |oc+|s oc con|cc|mcnto (||c||||c |y||,cot .oo.)
^ ||tc|+tu|+ uc +n+||s+ css+ ucstio most|+ uc sc cm +|guns c+sos css+ tcnsio cncont|+ so|uocs
os|t|v+s uc |oouzcm s|nc|g|+ cnt|c +s ocm+no+s |oc+|s c os cono|c|on+ntcs c||+oos c|+ comu-
n|o+oc |ntc|n+c|on+| m+s cm out|os c+sos css+ tcnsio c|m+nccc (|cncg||n| ct +|| .ooe |+|b+c|c-
vs|y c |otc||o +,,, |c|nc +,,,)
Os tcm+s +||o|+oos +c|m+ cstio mu|to |ongc oc csgot+| too+ + ||ucz+ c com|cx|o+oc o+ +|c+ oc
cstuoos o+s nov+s o||t|c+s oc c|cnc|+ tccno|og|+ c |nov+io |o|cm c|cs sio suc|cntcs +|+ |no|c+|
+ |c|cvnc|+ ocss+ +|c+ +|+ o +v+no o+ c|cnc|+ c o o|n+m|smo o+ |nov+io no ||+s||
Referncias
^|C|^:^ ^ |ow |oc+s s,:c+o w|osc no:ms m+ttc: |o:m |oc+||z+t|on +no |nst|tut|on+| c|+ngc |n
^s|+n :cg|on+||sm |ntc:n+t|on+| O:g+n|z+t|on. v,s. ni. , i,,-i;, ioo|
8^|8^C||V:|: | O |C1 no c,|ccnt:o oos ,:o,ctos oc :c|o:m+ o+s ,o||t|c+s oc C81 no 8:+s|| |n
|+no:+m+ oos cstuoos sob:c c|cnc|+. tccno|og|+ c soc|co+oc n+ ^mc:|c+ |+t|n+ 1+ub+tc C+b:+|
|o|to:+ c ||v:+:|+. iooi
_____ |nccnt|vos c cnt:+vcs +o cm,:ccnocoo:|smo +c+ocm|co n+ ^mc:|c+ |+t|n+ |n :C|v^|1z|^|.
: (o:g) Un|vc:s|o+ocs c ocscnvo|v|mcnto n+ ^mc:|c+ |+t|n+ cx,c:|cnc|+s cx|tos+s oc ccnt:os oc
,csu|s+s ||o oc |+nc|:o Ccnt:o |oc|stc|n oc |csu|s+s :oc|+|s. , ,+-,| ioos
8^|8^C||V:|: |. 8O1|||O ^ | | |+:cos c ocs+os o+ ,o||t|c+ c|cnt|c+ c tccno|og|c+ oo 8:+s|| |n
C|cnc|+. 1ccno|og|+ c |nnov+c|on cn ^mc:|c+ |+t|n+ 8+:cc|on+ Un|vc:s|t+t oc 8+:cc|on+. , ++;-+|;.
+,,,
86
Centro de G esto e Estudos Estratgicos
Cincia, Tecnologia e Inovao
Elizabeth Balbachevsky
8^|8^C||V:|: |. : :C|v^|1z|^| !c g:+ou+tc |ouno+t|ons o| :csc+:c| |n 8:+z|| ||g|c: |ouc+t|on
|o:um ||:os||m+ Un|vc:s|ty |csc+:c| |nst|tutc |o: ||g|c: |ouc+t|on. v;. n+. io+o
______ !c ovc:n+ncc +no |+n+gcmcnt o| ||g|c: |ouc+t|on t|c 8:+z|||+n cx,c:|cncc |:om t|c
,c:s,cct|vc o| t|c +c+ocm|cs |n |oc|c |. v Cumm|ngs (cos) ovc:n+ncc +no t|c c|+ng|ng
+c+ocm|c ,:o|css|on :,:|ngc: sn]. io+o
8||||||| |. 8:||||||O1 | C|+ng|ng |now|cogc :cg|mcs un|vc:s|t|cs |n + ncw :csc+:c| cnv|:onmcnt
||g|c: |ouc+t|on. v||. n,. , ,+,-,,i. iooi
8O|^CCO|:| ^ |x,|+|n|ng ,oo: ,c:|o:m+ncc o| |u:o,c+n sc|cncc |nst|tut|ons vc:sus ,o||c|cs :c|cncc
+no |ub||c |o||cy. v,|. n,. , ,o,-,+o. ioo;
8O|^CCO|:| ^. |^||O C Un|vc:s|t|cs +no st:+tcg|c |now|cogc c:c+t|on s,cc|+||z+t|on +no ,c:|o:m+ncc
|n |u:o,c |o:t|+m,ton |og+: ||g+: |o. ioo;
8O1|||O ^ | | |+ uto,|+ tccno|og|c+ +os ocs+os o+ ,o||t|c+ c|cnt|c+ c tccno|og|c+ o |nst|tuto
1ccno|og|co o+ ^c:on+ut|c+ (+,|;-+,o;) |cv|st+ 8:+s||c|:+ oc C|cnc|+s :oc|+|s. v+|. n,,. , +,,-+,|.
+,,,
8otc||o ^ | |. 8U||O | ^ | ||n+nc|+noo +s |c|+cs cnt:c + Un|vc:s|o+oc c + |noust:|+ n+ ^mc:|c+
|+t|n+ um +,o|o +s un|vc:s|o+oc ou cst|mu|o + |nov+io |n :C|v^|1z|^| : (o:g) Un|vc:s|o+ocs
c ocscnvo|v|mcnto n+ ^mc:|c+ |+t|n+ cx,c:|cnc|+s cx|tos+s oc ccnt:os oc ,csu|s+s ||o oc |+nc|:o
Ccnt:o |oc|stc|n oc |csu|s+s :oc|+|s. , ,,-+,i. ioos
8|^U| | !c :o|c o| |uno|ng +gcnc|cs |n t|c cogn|t|vc ocvc|o,mcnt o| sc|cncc |csc+:c| |o||cy. v i;.
n|. ,so;-si+. +,,s
______|+st|ng tcns|ons |n :csc+:c| ,o||cy-m+||ng + oc|cg+t|on ,:ob|cm :c|cncc +no |ub||c |o||cy. v
,o. n,. , ,o,-,i+. ioo,
8|^U| |. U:1O| | | |:|nc|,+|-+gcnt t|co:y +no :csc+:c| ,o||cy +n |nt:oouct|on :c|cncc +no |ub||c
|o||cy. v,o. n,. , ,oi-,os. ioo,
8|^U| |. 8||||||O|| | |o||cy |c+:n|ng |n :w|ss :csc+:c| ,o||cy t|c c+sc o| t|c |+t|on+| Ccntc:s o|
Com,ctcncc |n |csc+:c| |csc+:c| |o||cy. v,i. n+o. , +s|,-+so,. ioo,
8U:| V :c|cncc- t|c cno|css |:ont|c: + :c,o:t to t|c |:cs|ocnt on + ,:og:+m |o: ,ostw+: sc|cnt|c
:csc+:c| v+s||ngton |+t|on+| :c|cncc |ouno+t|on. +,,s |c-|m,:csso cm +,,o
COO||||^^O || ^||||||O^|||1O || ||::O^| || ||V|| :U||||O| Um+ occ+o+ oc ,os-
g:+ou+io +,s;-+,,; 8:+s|||+ ||n|stc:|o o+ |ouc+io. C^||:;|^V. +,,s
N o va G e ra o d e P o ltic a e m C i n c ia , Te c n o lo g ia e I n o va o
SEMINRIO INTERNACIONAL
87
Processos decisrios em poltica cientca, tecnolgica e de inovao no Brasil: anlise crtica
^v+||+io o+ ,os-g:+ou+io s|ntcsc oos :csu|t+oos 8:+s|||+ ||n|stc:|o o+ |ouc+io. C^||:;|^V.
+,,,
C^||O:O | | |st+oo c soc|co+oc no 8:+s|| |n ___ ^uto:|t+:|smo c |cmoc:+t|z+io ||o oc |+nc|:o |+z
c 1c::+.+,;, , +o,-+so
C^:1|O C |. :O^||: ^ | ^s +v+||+cs o+ C+,cs |n : :c|w+:tzm+n c C | C+st:o (|o) |csu|s+
un|vc:s|t+:|+ cm ucstio C+m,|n+s U||C^||. +,so , +,o-ii|
C|^|| 8 | !c :csc+:c| |ouno+t|ons o| g:+ou+tc couc+t|on 8c:|c|cy Un|vc:s|ty o| C+|||o:n|+ |:css +,,,
C|^||. 8 | ||+ccs o| |nu|:y :csc+:c| +no +ov+ncco couc+t|on |n mooc:n un|vc:s|t|cs 8c:|c|cy
Un|vc:s|ty o| C+|||o:n|+ |:css. +,,,
CO|:|||O |^C|O|^| || ||:||VO|V||||1O C|||1|||CO | 1|C|O|O|CO ||+no cst:+tcg|co oo
C|| 8:+s|||+ |m,:cns+ Oc|+|. +,,,
CO|||^| | : |ouno+t|ons o| soc|+| t|co:y C+mb:|ogc |^ |+:v+:o Un|vc:s|ty |:css. +,,o
COU1|||O | |co|ogy +no cnv|:onmcnt+| sc|cncc |n 8:+z|||+n ||g|c: couc+t|on. g:+ou+tc ,:og:+ms.
:csc+:c| +no |ntc||cctu+| |ocnt|ty |n |ocumcntos oc 1:+b+||o. :| sn]. +,,o
|||| | | v||| m+:|ct com,ct|t|on +ssu:c +c+ocm|c u+||ty |n v|:1||||||||. | |. |O:^. | |.
:1||:^|||. 8 (o:g) Qu+||ty ^ssu:+ncc |n ||g|c: |ouc+t|on |o:o:cc|t :,:|ngc:. ioo; , |;-;i
|U||^| | |. U::O | ^ |os-:+ou+io no 8:+s|| |:ob|cm+s c |c:s,cct|v+s |n :||||^||O
||1|||^C|O|^| :O8|| 1|||||C|^: |^ |O:-|^|U^^O ||n|stc:|o o+ Cu|tu:+ c oo
|cs,o:to;|uno+io Coo:ocn+io oc ^,c:|c|o+mcnto oc |csso+| oc ||vc| :u,c:|o:. 8:+s|||+. +o-++
,u|+,,+
||QU|:1 C :ystcms o| |nnov+t|on +,,:o+c|cs t|c|: cmc:gcncc +no c|+:+ctc:|st|cs |n ___ (co ) :ystcms
o| |nnov+t|on tcc|no|og|cs. |nst|tut|ons +no o:g+n|z+t|ons |onoon. v+s||ngton ||ntc: |o|to:s. +,,;
,+-,,
||QV|:1 O |+yc:co sc|cncc +no sc|cncc ,o||c|cs ||nc:v+. v|+. n,. , io;-ii+. ioo,
|||||. :c|cncc 8 tcc|no|ogy |n t|c ncw wo:|o o:oc: |n :C|v^|1z|^| : (coo:o) :c|cncc +no
tcc|no|ogy |n 8:+z|| + ncw ,o||cy |o: + g|ob+| wo:|o ||o oc |+nc|:o |uno+io ctu||o V+:g+s |o|to:+
, ;i-+o . +,,,
||:||| |. ^1|||:O|-|O:||^| |. |OU:| | C|+ngcs |n +c+ocm|c-|noust:y- st+tc :c|+t|ons |n C+n+o+
t|c c:c+t|on +no ocvc|o,mcnt o| t|c |ctwo:|s o| Ccnt:cs o| |xcc||cncc ||nc:v+. v,,. ni. , i,,-
,i,. ioo+
88
Centro de G esto e Estudos Estratgicos
Cincia, Tecnologia e Inovao
Elizabeth Balbachevsky
|||^|C|^|O|^ || |:1U|O: | ||O||1O: |ocumcnto oc ^,:cscnt+io o+ ||||| 8:+s|||+ |m,:cns+
Oc|+|. +,,,
|||| | | |csc+:c| +no :c|cv+nt |now|cogc ^mc:|c+n :csc+:c| un|vc:s|t|cs s|ncc vo:|o v+: || Ox|o:o
Ox|o:o Un|vc:s|ty |:css. +,,,
U||^|^|: | |||C1 um+ nov+ m|ssio |n :c|w+:tzm+n. : (co) C|cnc|+ c 1ccno|og|+ no 8:+s|| ,o||t|c+
|noust:|+|. mc:c+oo oc t:+b+||o c |nst|tu|ccs oc +,o|o ||o oc |+nc|:o |V. +,,o , i,;-is;
U|8|^||:|| | 1cns|ons |n t|c :csc+:c| counc|| :csc+:c| commun|ty :c|+t|ons||, :c|cncc +no |ub||c
|o||cy. v,i. n,. ,+,,-io,. ioo,
U:1O| | | |:|nc|,+|-+gcnt t|co:y +no t|c st:uctu:c o| sc|cncc ,o||cy :c|cncc +no |ub||c |o||cy. v i,.
n|. , ii,-i|o. +,,o
U:1O| || c ||||:1O| | !c |:+g||c cont:+ct un|vc:s|ty sc|cncc +no t|c |coc:+| govc:nmcnt
C+mb:|ogc !c ||1 |:css. +,,|
|^CO8 | 8ouno+:y wo:| |n contcm,o:+:y sc|cncc ,o||cy ^ :cv|cw. |:omct|cus. vi,. n i. ,+,,-io;
ioo,
|||v||1 | |. |CCU88||: | | !c |og|c o| |c|cg+t|on cong:css|on+| ,+:t|cs +no t|c +,,:o,:|+t|on
,:occss C||c+go Un|vc:s|ty o| C||c+go |:css. +,,+
|||||X |. |||Uv|: C |c|cg+t|on o| :csc+:c| govc:n+ncc to nctwo:|s :csc+:c| counc||s +s mu|t|,|c
go+| bouno+:y o:g+n|z+t|ons |n ||1|||^1|O|^| CO||||||C| 1Ov^||: ^ ||Ov||||
|||OC|^C: |c|ocn ^ug ioo,
|U||V^||. 8- |+t|on+| :ystcms o| |nnov+t|on tow+:os + t|co:y o| |nnov+t|on +no |ntc:+ct|vc |c+:n|ng
|onoon +no |cw :o:| ||ntc: co|to:s. +,,i
|^^|:|| | :|||ts |n govc:n+ncc +::+ngcmcnt |nt:oouct|on o| |cw |+n+gcmcnt st:uctu:cs |n ||g|c:
couc+t|on |n ^|^|^| ^. V^| |||| |. |^|:|| | | (o:g) !c ||g|c: couc+t|on m+n+gc:|+|
:cvo|ut|on |o:o:cc|t ||uwc: ^c+ocm|c |ub||s|c:s. ioo, , ,+-,,
|||||||| |. |U|^||| |. |^C||| ^ | |ntc:n+t|on+| vc:sus n+t|on+| o:|cntco 8:+z|||+n sc|cnt|c
,ou:n+|s ^ sc|cntomct:|c +n+|ys|s b+sco on :c|||O +no |C|-|:| o+t+b+scs :c|cntomct:|cs. v o,. n,. ,
,i,-,,s. iooo
|||^||z ^ : |os |onoos sccto:|+|cs son |nst|tuc|oncs +occu+o+s ,+:+ ,:omovc: c| ocs+::o||o |noust:|+|
oc| 8:+s|| |cv|st+ oo 8|||:. v +|. ,+i,-+|o ioo;
|O| |-| :|m||+: 1:cnos. ||vc:sc ^gcno+s ||g|c: couc+t|on :c|o:ms |n |+st ^s|+ |ob+||s+t|on. :oc|ct|cs
+no |ouc+t|on. v+. ni. , io+-ii+ ioo,
N o va G e ra o d e P o ltic a e m C i n c ia , Te c n o lo g ia e I n o va o
SEMINRIO INTERNACIONAL
89
Processos decisrios em poltica cientca, tecnolgica e de inovao no Brasil: anlise crtica
|O|||: | ^c+ocm|c :csc+:c|c:s +s +gcnts o| sc|cncc ,o||cy :c|cncc +no |ub||c |o||cy. v,o. n,. , ,,,-
,;o ioo,
||^V| |csc+:c| +no :csc+:c| t:+|n|ng systcms tow+:os + ty,o|ogy |+:|s U||:CO. iooi U||:CO
|o:um on ||g|c: |ouc+t|on. Occ+s|on+| |+,c: :c:|cs. n+
|||:O| | | |+t|on+| |nnov+t|on systcms + com,+:+t|vc +n+|ys|s Ox|o:o Ox|o:o Un|vc:s|ty |:css. +,,,
O||V|||^ | 8 ^ |||+s oc com,ctcnc|+ c+::c|:+s c|cnt|c+s no 8:+s|| :io |+u|o |o 8:+s|||cnsc. +,s|
||O|^|^ || ^|O|O ^O ||:||VO|V||||1O C|||1|||CO | 1|C|O|O|CO. ||||:1|||O ||
C|||C|^ | 1|C|O|O|^ |o:t|o||o oos |:og:+m+s |coc:+|s oc C81 oo 8:+s|| |ocumcnto c|+bo:+oo
,+:+ + ncgoc|+cio o+ tc:cc|:+ |+sc oo |:og:+m+ ,unto +o 8+nco |uno|+| :|]+,,o
|O|^|:| | !c :c,ub||c o| sc|cncc |ts ,o||t|c+| +no cconom|c+| cconomy ||nc:v+. v+. n+. , ,|-;,. +,oi
(:c-co|t+oo ,o: ||nc:v+. iooo)
||| ^ !c :c,ub||c o| sc|cncc |n t|c +,,os ||g|c: |ouc+t|on. vis. n+. , ,-,i +,,|
||| ^. V^| ||| ||U||| 8 | | !c ,ost mooc:n :csc+:c| systcm :c|cncc +no |ub||c |o||cy. vi,. no.
, ,|,-,,i +,,o
|U|VO 8 ||+scs o: ,+:+o|gms o| sc|cncc ,o||cy :c|cncc +no |ub||c |o||cy. vi+. n,. , +,;-+o| +,,|
:^|||: ||||O : |o||t|c+ oc C|cnc|+ c 1ccno|og|+ no | ||| (+,;i;;|) c no | |8|C1 (+,;,;;|) |cv|st+
8:+s||c|:+ oc |nov+io. v+. ni. , ,,;-|+, iooi
_____ |o||t|c+s oc C|cnc|+ c 1ccno|og|+ no || |8|C1 (+,;o) |cv|st+ 8:+s||c|:+ oc |nov+io. vi. n+. , +;,-
i++ ioo,
_____ |o||t|c+s oc C|cnc|+ c 1ccno|og|+ no || |8|C1 (+,so-+,s,) |cv|st+ 8:+s||c|:+ oc |nov+io. vi. ni.
, |o;-|,i ioo,
:^|||||| ^ !c ncw ,ub||c m+n+gcmcnt +no t|c ||nn|s| ,ub||c sccto: o:g+n|z+t|on t|c c+sc o|
un|vc:s|t|cs |n ^|^|^|. ^. V^| ||||. |. |^|:||. | | (o:g) !c ||g|c: couc+t|on m+n+gc:|+|
:cvo|ut|on |o:o:cc|t ||uwc: ^c+ocm|c |ub||s|c:s. ioo, , ,,-o,
:C|v^|1z|^| : |o:cwo:o |n :C|v^|1z|^| : (|o) :c|cncc +no tcc|no|ogy |n 8:+z|| + ncw ,o||cy
|o: + g|ob+| wo:|o ||o oc |+nc|:o |uno+io ctu||o V+:g+s. +,,, , V||-|X
:C|v^|1z|^| : |. ct +| :c|cncc +no 1cc|no|ogy |n 8:+z|| ^ |cw |o||cy |o: + |ob+| vo:|o |n
:C|v^|1z|^| (o:g) :c|cncc +no 1cc|no|ogy |n 8:+z|| ^ |cw |o||cy |o: + |ob+| vo:|o ||o oc
|+nc|:o |uno+io ctu||o V+:g+s. +,,, , +-i,
90
Centro de G esto e Estudos Estratgicos
Cincia, Tecnologia e Inovao
Elizabeth Balbachevsky
:|U||:. |. ct +| ^nc|o:|ng ocv|ccs |n sc|cncc |o: ,o||cy t|c c+sc o| conscnsus +:ouno c||m+tc scns|t|v|ty
:oc|+| :tuo|cs o| :c|cncc. vis. ni. , i,+-,i, +,,s
:1^| : |. |||:|||| | | |nst|tut|on+| cco|ogy. t:+ns|+t|ons +no bouno+:y ob,ccts +m+tcu:s +no
,:o|css|on+|s|n 8c:||cys |uscum o| Vc:tcb:+tc zoo|ogy. +,o;-,, :oc|+| :tuo|cs o| :c|cncc. v+,. n,.
, ,s;-|io +,s,
:1||:^||| 8 Qu+||ty +s |+s||on |x,|o:|ng t|c 1:+ns|+t|on o| ^ |+n+gcmcnt |oc+ |nto ||g|c: |ouc+t|on
|n v|:1||||||||. | |. |O:^. | |. :1||:^|||. 8 (o:g) Qu+||ty ^ssu:+ncc |n ||g|c: |ouc+t|on
|o:o:cc|t :,:|ngc:. ioo; , ,,-++s
:1||||| C | |:og:+m+ oc ^,o|o +o |cscnvo|v|mcnto C|cnt|co c 1ccno|og|co (|^|C1) |n
:C|v^|1z|^| : (o:g) C|cnc|+ c 1ccno|og|+ no 8:+s|| ,o||t|c+ |noust:|+|. mc:c+oo oc t:+b+||o c
|nst|tu|cs oc +,o|o ||o oc |+nc|:o |V. +,,o , iss-,,i
:1O||: | | |+stcu:s u+o:+nt b+s|c sc|cncc +no tcc|no|og|c+| |nnov+t|on v+s||ngton |C 8:oo||ngs
|nst|tut|on |:css. +,,;
V^| ||| ||U||| 8 :c|cncc ,o||cy +s ,:|nc|,+|-+gcnt g+mcs |nst|tut|on+||z+t|on +no ,+t| oc,cnocncy
|n :c|+t|ons bctwccn govc:nmcnt +no sc|cncc |csc+:c| |o||cy. v i;. ni. , ,,;-|+| +,,s
v||||^|:O| O | |+:|cts +no ||c:+:c||cs |cw :o:| |:cc |:css. +,;,
z|||^| | |:omct|cus bouno sc|cncc |n + oyn+m|c stc+oy st+tc C+mb:|ogc C+mb:|ogc Un|vc:s|ty |:css.
+,,|
91
Cincia da poltica cientca e de inovao do reino
unido: o caso do ECONOMIC and social research
council (ESRC)
Andr Luiz Sica de Campos
1
1. Introduo
|st+ not+ tccn|c+ +|cscnt+|+ + +gcno+ cx||c|t+ oo ||C +|+ o ocscnvo|v|mcnto oc con|cc|mcnto
uc subst+nc|c + o||t|c+ c|cnt|c+ c oc |nov+io no |c|no |n|oo
.
^s n+ocs +v+n+o+s tcm |o-
cu|+oo |o|t+|ccc| t+| b+sc oc con|cc|mcnto +ss|m o govc|no |o|tc-^mc||c+no o| cxcm|o tcm
cnv|o+oo cs|o|os +|+ |m|cmcnt+| um+ +gcno+ oc csu|s+s uc |csu|tc num+ nov+ c|cnc|+ o+
o||t|c+ c|cnt|c+ c oc |nov+io (O| .oos) O ||C n+nc|+ + csu|s+ n+s +|c+s oc cconom|+ c
c|cnc|+s soc|+|s O consc||o busc+ mc||o|+| cont|nu+mcntc o cntcno|mcnto +cc|c+ oos octc|m|-
n+ntcs o+ +||c+io |+t|c+ oo con|cc|mcnto gc|+oo + +|t|| ocstcs cs|o|os |cnt|c +s +|c+s oc
otcnc|+| +||c+io |+t|c+ oc |ntc|cssc oo consc||o |nc|u|-sc + |o|mu|+io c + cxccuio oc o||t|c+s
ub||c+s c +ss|m o+ o||t|c+ c|cnt|c+ c oc |nov+io (||C .oo,)
O ob,ct|vo ocstc cstuoo c +|cscnt+| os ||nc|+|s cs|o|os oo ||C +|+ gc|+| cv|ocnc|+s uc subs-
t+nc|cm o cntcno|mcnto o+s |n|c|+t|v+s oc o||t|c+ c|cnt|c+ c oc |nov+io c oc scus |csu|t+oos c-
|io cx+m|n+oos oo|s c+mos oc +io o ||mc||o t|+t+|+ o+s ||n|+s |cgu|+|cs oc n+nc|+mcnto +|+
cx+nsio oo con|cc|mcnto cm c|cnc|+s soc|+|s c cconom|c+s uc +o|+m csu|s+s c|t|ncntcs
+o tcm+ o scgunoo t|+t+|+ oos cstuoos oc +v+||+io ocstcs |nvcst|mcntos |+|+ +t|ng|| cstc ob,ct|vo
cstc oocumcnto tom+ como b+sc + o|mcnsio cx||c|t+ o+ o||t|c+ oo ||C c obsc|v+ cxc|us|v+mcn-
tc o+oos sccuno+||os c oc oom|n|o ub||co
,
1 ^no:c |u|z :|c+ oc C+m,os c oouto: cm |o||t|c+ C|cnt|c+ c 1ccno|og|c+ ,c|+ Un|vc:s|o+oc oc :usscx (|c|no Un|oo). +tu+|mcntc
c ,:o|csso: no Ccnt:o oc |csu|s+ cm cstio o+ |nov+io c |sco|+ oc ^om|n|st:+io o+ Un|vc:s|o+oc oc 8:|g|ton. (|c|no Un|oo)
2 |st+ not+ sc :c|c:c +o |c|no Un|oo como + n+io uc com,:ccnoc + :i-8:ct+n|+ (com,ost+ ,c|+ |ng|+tc::+. |+|s oc +|cs c +
|scoc|+) c + |:|+no+ oo |o:tc O tc:mo b:|tn|co sc:+ us+oo ,+:+ :c|c:cnc|+: o |c|no Un|oo como um tooo (|nc|u|noo-sc + |:|+no+
oo |o:tc)
3 |ntcnoc-sc ,o: ,o||t|c+ cx,||c|t+ +o con,unto oc ,o||t|c+s |o:m+|s c occ|+:+o+s cm oocumcntos oc|+|s c oc oom|n|o ,ub||co
uc cx,:css+m + |cg|s|+io c os cst+tutos o+s +gcnc|+s c o:gio ,ub||cos oc |omcnto + c|cnc|+ c + |nov+io 1+|s :cso|ucs c |c|s
|o:m+m + ,o||t|c+ oc|+| oc +,o|o + c|cnc|+ c |nov+io (|c::c:+. 19.)
92
Centro de G esto e Estudos Estratgicos
Cincia, Tecnologia e Inovao
Andr Campos
|m |unio o+ oio c|+ +n+||sc o+ o||t|c+ cx||c|t+ +|+ + c|cnc|+ c |nov+io cons|oc|ou-sc uc
ocvc||+m sc| obsc|v+o+s +s scgu|ntcs o|mcnsocs c |ontcs oc |n|o|m+io
+s o||ct||zcs oc o||t|c+ oo consc||o |o|+m |cv|s+o+s + +|t|| oo |+no cst|+tcg|co oo ||C o
u+| |o| com|cmcnt+oo c|+ obsc|v+io o+s o||t|c+s oc |omcnto c|cnc|+ c + |nov+io oo
|c+|tmcnt |o| |us|ncss +no |nnov+t|on ||||s
^ +|t|| ocst+s o||ct||zcs os ||nc|+|s |csu|t+oos o+ o||t|c+ |o|+m |cv|s+oos com cscc|+| |oco
no con|cc|mcnto c|t|ncntc c|cnc|+ o+ o||t|c+ c|cnt|c+ c oc |nov+io c cm +|guns uc c+-
sos uc ocmonst|cm su+ +||c+io +| |cv|sio sc ocu + +|t|| oc |c|+to||os +nu+|s c cstuoos oc
+v+||+io oo |csc+|c| Counc||s || c o+uc|+s |nst|tu|ocs
^s o|mcnsocs mcnc|on+o+s |o|+m com|cmcnt+o+s c|+ +n+||sc oc m+nu+|s c |+t|c+s oc +v+|-
|+io c oc |c|+to||os oc +n+||sc oc c||o|m+ncc oo s|stcm+ oc c|cnc|+ c |nov+io cm +|t|cu|+|
oo |c+|tmcnt |o| |us|ncss |nnov+t|on +no ||||s c oo |c| |+,cstys |c+su|y
|

O tcxto cst+ o|g+n|z+oo cm u+t|o scocs |nc|u|noo cst+ |nt|oouio (scio +) ^ scio . o|c|ccc
um+ b|cvc contcxtu+||z+io o||t|co-|nst|tuc|on+| oo s|stcm+ oc +o|o c|cnc|+ c tccno|og|+ oo |c|-
no |n|oo +|cscnt+noo +s cscc|c|o+ocs cconom|c+s o+uc|c +|s uc tcm |nucnc|+ o||ct+ sob|c
o tcm+ cm +n+||sc ^ scio |csumc c s|ntct|z+ t+mbcm t+nto +s ||nc|+|s o||ct||zcs oc o||t|c+ c|cn-
t|c+ c oc |nov+io o+uc|c +|s como os |csu|t+oos ocst+s o||t|c+s cm tc|mos oos |no|c+oo|cs oc
ocscmcn|o ^ +|t|| ocstc +no oc |unoo + scio , +|cscnt+ c ocsc|cvc como o ||C +|t|c|+
ocstc s|stcm+ c ocnc t+mbcm o o||cc|on+mcnto cst|+tcg|co |cccntc oo consc||o ^ scio +|c-
scnt+ +|no+ +s ||nc|+|s mco|o+s tom+o+s c|o mcsmo +|+ o |o|t+|cc|mcnto oo con|cc|mcnto
c|t|ncntc +o c+mo o+ c|cnc|+ o+ o||t|c+ c|cnt|c+ c oc |nov+io +|cscnt+noo um sum+||o o+
+v+||+io o+ +||c+io |+t|c+ oo mcsmo ^ scio | +|cscnt+ +s conc|usocs oo t|+b+||o
4 C|+m+:cmos +o |c: |+,cstys 1:c+su:y ,c|o tc:mo gcnc:|co 1:c+su:y +o |ongo oo tcxto
N o va g e ra o d e p o ltic a e m c i n c ia , te c n o lo g ia e in o va o
SEMINRIO INTERNACIONAL
93
Cincia da poltica cientca e de inovao do reino unido: o caso do economic and social research council (ESRC)
2. O contexto poltico-institucional da poltica cientca
e de inovao do Reino Unido
2.1. O contexto econmico britnico e os desaos de poltica cientca
e de inovao
|m .oos o |oouto |ntc|no b|uto oo |c|no |n|oo c|+ cst|m+oo cm |, .e, t||||ocs +|ox|m+o+-
mcntc o uc o co|oc+v+ como + scxt+ m+|o| cconom|+ muno|+| Com um+ ou|+io oc cc|c+
oc e+ m|||ocs oc |+b|t+ntcs o +|s cont+ com um+ mio-oc-ob|+ |c|+t|v+mcntc bcm t|c|n+o+ |m
.oos |,/ o+ ou|+io cconom|c+mcntc +t|v+ oo +|s t|n|+ |o|m+io suc||o| n+s c|cnc|+s ou|+s
tccno|og|c+s c b|omco|c+s
,
^ocm+|s ../ o+ ou|+io cconom|c+mcntc +t|v+ t|n|+ |o|m+io
cm n|vc| oc os-g|+ou+io (occo||cntc o+ |o|m+io oc cc|c+ oc ++ m|| |||s +nu+|mcntc) n+uc|+s
o|sc|||n+s (||| .oo,)
^ o||t|c+ c|cnt|c+ c oc |nov+io oo |c|no |n|oo |m|cmcnt+o+ c|o ||C c scus +|cs +|cscnt+
c|o mcnos ou+s o|ocns oc cscc|c|o+ocs uc contcxtu+||z+m su+s o||ct||zcs ob,ct|vos c |csu|t+-
oos |||mc||o + cconom|+ b||tn|c+ sc c+|+ctc||z+ o| um+ c|csccntc cscc|+||z+io no scto| oc sc|-
v|os cu scto| |noust||+| c m+ou|o c |csonoc o| cc|c+ oc .|/ oc scu |||
e
Contuoo o scto| oc
sc|v|os tcm g|+noc cso (com +|t|cu|+| |mo|tnc|+ oc um sost|c+oo scto| n+ncc||o) co||cs-
onocnoo + cc|c+ oc ;|/ oc scu ||| ^ocm+|s o scto| m+nu|+tu|c||o tcm +|cscnt+oo um+ |cou-
io cm su+ +|t|c|+io no |oouto |ntc|no b|uto com +|t|cu|+| occ|csc|mo n+s +t|v|o+ocs |nous-
t||+|s mcnos nob|cs c oc uso oc mio-oc-ob|+ mcnos u+||c+o+ (|||| .oos Ox|o|o |nnov+t|on
.oo,) +| cscc|c|o+oc octc|m|n+ uc +|tc |mo|t+ntc o+ mio-oc-ob|+ c oo con|cc|mcnto gc-
|+oo + +|t|| o+ csu|s+ c|cnt|c+ sc,+ +bso|v|o+ t+nto c|o scto| |noust||+| como c|o oc sc|v|os
cgunoo +s +t|v|o+ocs oc csu|s+ c ocscnvo|v|mcnto (||) no +|s tcm s|oo c|csccntcmcntc cxc-
cut+o+s o| cm|cs+s cst|+ngc||+s (cc|c+ oc +,/ o+s ocscs+s cm ||) |st+ +|t|c|+io tcm g|+n-
oc v+||+b|||o+oc com scto|cs como o +utomot|vo c oc +utoc+s csscnc|+|mcntc oom|n+oo o|
cm|cs+s cst|+ngc||+s c scto|cs |ntcns|vos cm con|cc|mcnto como o +c|ocs+c|+| o |+|m+ccut|co
c o oc b|otccno|og|+ csscnc|+|mcntc cont|o|+oos o| cm|cs+s b||tn|c+s (|||| .oosb)
5 |:oouto |ntc:no b:uto com,||+oo ,c|o 8+nco |uno|+| c ,o,u|+io ,c|+ Ccnt:+| |ntc|||gcncc ^gcncy oos |U^
6 |ontc |tt,s;;wwwc|+gov;||b:+:y;,ub||c+t|ons;t|c-wo:|o-|+ctboo|;gcos;u||tm| (+ccsso 1! oc ,+nc|:o oc .010)
94
Centro de G esto e Estudos Estratgicos
Cincia, Tecnologia e Inovao
Andr Campos
|m |unio ocst+s +|t|cu|+||o+ocs +|tc |mo|t+ntc o+ o|nm|c+ oo s|stcm+ oc |nov+io b||tn|co
c octc|m|n+o+ c|+ |nsc|io cm |cocs oc || |ntc|n+c|on+|s c c|+ |oouio oc bcns |ntcns|vos cm
con|cc|mcnto |cccntc c o| um |+oo os con|cc|mcntos gc|+oos + +|t|| o+ csu|s+ +c+ocm|c+
sio +ss|vc|s oc +ss|m||+io c|o scto| |noust||+| + +|t|| oc su+s +t|v|o+ocs oc csu|s+ ocscnvo|v|-
mcnto tccno|og|co c |nov+io o| out|o +|tc o+ |oouio n+| o+uc|cs bcns nio sc o+ |ntcg|+|-
mcntc no |c|no |n|oo |st+ o|cotom|+ cnt|c + gc|+io |oc+| oc con|cc|mcnto c|cnt|co tccno|o-
g|co c oc |nov+ocs c + m+nu|+tu|+ |ntc|n+c|on+| oc |ooutos (t+nto |ntcns|vos cm con|cc|mcnto
|cccntc como m+ou|os) b+sc+oos n+uc|c con|cc|mcnto co|oc+ g|+noc cn|+sc n+ |ntc|||g+io o+
b+sc m+nu|+tu|c||+ b||tn|c+ com |cocs oc m+nu|+tu|+ |ntc|n+c|on+|s (|||| .oos)
|st+ o|nm|c+ octc|m|n+ +o mcnos t|cs oos ||nc|+|s ocs+os +|+ + o||t|c+ c|cnt|c+ c oc |nov+io oo
|c|no |n|oo no uc t+ngc +o bcm-cst+| cconom|co |||mc||o c|+ c|m|tc uc o +|s gu|c como |o|-
ncccoo| oc |nsumos cscc|+||z+oos c |oouto| oc bcns |ntc|mco|+||os oc +|to v+|o| +g|cg+oo contuoo
+ |couio n+ |cscn+ oc |+nt+s |noust||+|s |o|ncccoo|+s oc bcns n+|s ooc otcnc|+|mcntc t|unc+|
+ c||cu|+io oc |n|o|m+ocs |c|cv+ntcs + +|t|| o+s +t|v|o+ocs oc cngcn|+||+ c m+nu|+tu|+ cm o||cio s
|nst|tu|ocs c |no|v|ouos |csons+vc|s c|+ |oouio oo con|cc|mcnto |st+ cscc|c|o+oc |c|o|+ + |m-
o|tnc|+ o+s o||t|c+s oc |omcnto |noust||+ cgunoo o +|s |ocu|+ sc m+ntc| n+ ||ontc||+ o+ c|cn-
c|+ muno|+| |o|m+noo +nu+|mcntc um cont|ngcntc cons|oc|+vc| oc csso+s +|t+mcntc cscc|+||z+o+s c
m+ntcnoo um+ |n||+cst|utu|+ c|cnt|c+ so||o+ c +tu+||z+o+ + m oc +t|+|| |csc|v+| c +m||+| + b+sc ||-
v+o+ oc |+bo|+to||os |noust||+|s b||tn|cos c cst|+ngc||os cng+,+oos cm || (|||| .oos |obc|ts .oo.)
c|cc||o busc+-sc +|no+ +m||+| + csu|s+ mu|t|o|sc|||n+| c +o|+| t+nto +s c|cnc|+s b+s|c+s como +s
+||c+o+s c + t|+ns|c|cnc|+ o||ct+ oc con|cc|mcnto +|+ + cx|o|+io cconom|c+ + m oc |c|o|+| +s
cono|ocs oc +t|+t|v|o+oc +|+ |nvcst|mcntos cm || |noust||+| n+s |noust||+s |ntcns|v+s cm con|cc|-
mcnto |cccntc c t+mbcm n+s |noust||+s t|+o|c|on+|s (|C|| .oo,) ^ cst|utu|+ ou|+ oc +o|o ub||co
csu|s+ c |nov+io uc |ocu|+ cn||cnt+| cstcs ocs+os sc|+ cobc|t+ n+ |ox|m+ scio
2.2. A estrutura dupla de apoio pesquisa
Cons|oc|+noo-sc o contcxto cconom|co c os ocs+os oc o||t|c+ c|cnt|c+ mcnc|on+oos o s|stcm+
oc n+nc|+mcnto couc+io suc||o| c csu|s+ oo |c|no |n|oo scguc um+ cst|utu|+ ou|+ |c
um |+oo os ||g|c| |ouc+t|on |uno|ng Counc||s o+ |scoc|+ |ng|+tc||+ |||+no+ oo |o|tc c |+|s oc C+-
|cs n+nc|+m + |n||+cst|utu|+ ||s|c+ oc csu|s+ os ostos c|m+ncntcs oc |o|csso|cs c cm mcno|
csc+|+ + csu|s+ c|cnt|c+ n+s |nst|tu|ocs oc cns|no suc||o| ^ +|oc+io oc |ccu|sos + +|t|| ocs-
tcs scguc c||tc||os oc u+||o+oc |cv|s+oos +|ox|m+o+mcntc + c+o+ c|nco +nos |os +nos oc .oo+ c
.oos o c||tc||o ||nc|+| +|+ + +|oc+io oc |ccu|sos cm un|vc|s|o+ocs c|+ o numc|o oc ub||c+ocs
cm |cv|st+s |ntc|n+c|on+|s |cv|s+o+s o| +|cs
N o va g e ra o d e p o ltic a e m c i n c ia , te c n o lo g ia e in o va o
SEMINRIO INTERNACIONAL
95
Cincia da poltica cientca e de inovao do reino unido: o caso do economic and social research council (ESRC)
|c out|o |+oo + |n||+cst|utu|+ oc o||t|c+ c|cnt|c+ c oc |nov+io b||tn|c+ cont+ com sctc consc-
||os scm|-cscc|+||z+oos o|sc|||n+|mcntc + s+bc| ^|ts +no |um+n|t|cs |csc+|c| Counc|| ||otcc|-
no|ogy +no ||o|og|c+| c|cnccs |csc+|c| Counc|| |conom|c +no oc|+| |csc+|c| Counc|| |ng|nnc-
||ng +no ||ys|c+| c|cnccs |csc+|c| Counc|| |co|c+| |csc+|c| Counc|| |+tu|+| |nv||onmcnt |c-
sc+|c| Counc|| c c|cncc +no cc|no|ogy |+c|||t|cs |csc+|c| Counc|| Os |csc+|c| Counc||s n+n-
c|+m ||o||t+||+mcntc |o,ctos c |og|+m+s oc csu|s+ c|cnt|c+ ostos oc csu|s+ tcmo|+||os c
(cm mcno| csc+|+) t+mbcm + |nov+io cm tooo o |c|no |n|oo (||||s .oo,) +| n+nc|+mcnto sc o+
o| mc|o oo ,u|g+mcnto oo mc||to c|cnt|co oos |o,ctos ^ t+bc|+ + +|cscnt+ os sctcs consc||os
oc csu|s+ oo |c|no |n|oo scgunoo su+s +|c+s oc +tu+io c o|+mcntos
Tabela 1 - Conselhos de pesquisa do Reino Unido: reas e oramento (2007-8)
Conselho reas de atuao Oramento**
^||C ^|tcs c|cnc|+s |um+n+s ocs|gn o
|||C C|cnc|+s b|o|og|c+s !coc
||C C|cnc|+s soc|+|s c cconom|+ 14c
|||C C|cnc|+s ||s|c+s c cngcn|+||+ 111
||C C|cnc|+s mco|c+s 4!!
|||C |c|o-+mb|cntc !.!
|C |n||+cst|utu|+ |+bo|+to||+| oc g|+noc csc+|+ !4
Fonte: ||U: (.00s)
'|m m|||cs oc ||b:+s cstc:||n+s
''Um+ ||b:+ cstc:||n+ v+||+ +,:ox|m+o+mcntc u+t:o :c+|s (+ t+x+ oc cmb|o mco|+ oc .00)
Fonte: O+no+ Co:,o:+t|on (http://www.oanda.com/currency/averagc +ccsso 10 oc ,+nc|:o oc .010)
Os sctc consc||os oc csu|s+ oo |c|no |n|oo |cst+m cont+s +o |c+|tmcnt |o| |uss|ncs |nnov+-
t|on +no ||||s (no +ss+oo |c+|tmcnt |o| |+oc +no |noust|y) |stc oc+|t+mcnto ncgoc|+ com
o ||C su+ oot+io o|+mcnt+||+ o u+| ocnc cm con,unto com consu|t+s +os st+|c|o|oc|s su+s
||nc|+|s o||ct||zcs oc o||t|c+
;
^ +bo|o+gcm oo oc+|t+mcnto c b+s|c+mcntc +o|+o+ no cntcn-
o|mcnto s|stcm|co o+ |nov+io (||| .oo, c |ctc+||c .oo, c .oo;) |m u|t|m+ |nstnc|+ t+nto o
|c+|tmcnt |o| |uss|ncs |nnov+t|on +no ||||s u+nto o ||C c scus +|cs |cst+m cont+ +o |c-
7 O ,:occsso oc consu|t+ cxtc:n+ |+z ,+:tc o+ |o:mu|+io oo ,|+no cst:+tcg|co oo |:|C |m ,+:t|cu|+:. +s +:c+s ,:|o:|t+:|+s oc
n+nc|+mcnto sio ocn|o+s cm ,+:tc com b+sc ncst+s consu|t+s |o: cxcm,|o. no ,|+no cst:+tcg|co oo ,c:|ooo .00-.010 |nst|-
tu|cs c ,csu|s+oo:cs |no|v|ou+|mcntc cont:|bu|:+m n+ ocn|io oos tcm+s ,:|o:|t+:|os ,o: mc|o oc 1! ucst|on+:|os (com
contcuoo m+x|mo oc u+t:o ,+g|n+s) (|:|C. .00)
96
Centro de G esto e Estudos Estratgicos
Cincia, Tecnologia e Inovao
Andr Campos
+su|y o|gio uc +|oc+ os |ccu|sos ub||cos +|+ csu|s+ |+tu|+|mcntc o co|o tccn|co oo |c+-
su|y c |o|m+oo o| cconom|st+s c +ss|m tcnoc + tc| um+ v|sio m+|s |c|+c|on+o+ + cst+ o|sc|||n+ n+
+|oc+io oc |ccu|sos +|+ csu|s+ (|c|son +,,,)
^ +tu+| o||t|c+ c|cnt|c+ c oc |nov+io oo |c|no |n|oo c cx||c|t+mcntc |cocu+o+ com cv|ocn-
cc b+sco occ|s|on m+||ng |oc+o+ no |o|t+|cc|mcnto o+ b+sc c|cnt|c+ o+uc|c +|s c |cocu+o+
com os |m+ctos soc|occonom|cos o+ csu|s+ |cnt|c os ||nc|+|s |csu|t+oos ocst+ o||t|c+ no
c||ooo +,,s-.oo; not+m-sc
+ m+nutcnio o+ +|t|c|+io o+ c|cnc|+ b||tn|c+ cm to|no oc ,/ o+ u+nt|o+oc g|ob+| oc
ub||c+ocs c|cnt|c+s |nocx+o+s (c o|t+nto +b+|xo +cn+s oos ||^)
o |nc|cmcnto o+ +|t|c|+io oc +c+ocm|cos oc o||gcm b||tn|c+ no numc|o oc c|t+ocs cm |c-
v|st+s |cv|s+o+s o| +|cs oc mcnos oc +o/ +|+ +./ (c t+mbcm somcntc suc|+oo c|os ||^) c
o +umcnto no numc|o tot+| oc |||s |o|m+oos (c|cg+noo + m+|s oc +; m|| oouto|cs |o|m+oos
cm .oo; cm tooos os c+mos oo con|cc|mcnto)
s
o |o|t+|cc|mcnto o+s +t|v|o+ocs oc comc|c|+||z+io o+ c|cnc|+ o+ |c|+io cnt|c un|vc|s|o+ocs c
+ |noust||+ c o+ |nov+io n+s |m+s (||| .oos)
+ocm+|s + cst|+tcg|+ ocsc||t+ +c|m+ nio so |o|t+|cccu + b+sc c|cnt|c+ c oc |nov+io |oc+|
como t+mbcm cst|mu|ou o +umcnto n+ u+nt|o+oc oc cstuo+ntcs |o|m+oos cm cu|sos un|-
vc|s|t+||os (+ u+| c|cgou + u+sc .;o m|| cg|cssos cm .oo;) (O| .ooe ||| .oo;)
,
|io obst+ntc cstcs |csu|t+oos os|t|vos oo|s +scctos o+ con,untu|+ |cccntc oo |c|no |n|oo tcm
o||cnt+oo + |c|+io cnt|c o ||C o |c+|tmcnt |o| |us|ncss |nnov+t|on +no ||||s c o |c+su|y
|||mc||o o |c|no |n|oo |nc|cmcntou cont|nu+mcntc n+ u|t|m+ occ+o+ o |nvcst|mcnto cm c|cnc|+
c |nov+io ^ss|m o +|c+bouo o||t|co-|nst|tuc|on+| oc||nc+oo +c|m+ |o| +|vo oc c|csccntc |nvcst|-
mcnto ub||co |m +,,s os |csc+|c| Counc||s c os ||g|c| |ouc+t|on |uno|ng Counc||s |nvcst||+m
.; b|||ocs oc ||b|+s cstc|||n+s no s|stcm+ b||tn|co c cstc v+|o| oob|ou +|+ ,| b|||ocs oc ||b|+s
cstc|||n+s cm .oo; (cm v+|o|cs |c+|s)
+o
cgunoo + +|t|| oc .oo; + cconom|+ b||tn|c+ cnt|ou cm
|cccssio c cstc |+to| octc|m|nou um+ cxcct+t|v+ oc uc os c|csccntcs |nvcst|mcntos cm c|cnc|+
+|cscntcm |m+ctos t+ng|vc|s c |c+|s n+ cconom|+
8 Com +c:csc|mo oc 1s` ocsoc .00. (||U:. .009)
9 Com +c:csc|mo oc 11` ocsoc .00. (||U:. .009)
10 |ontc O cc |o: |+t|on+| :t+t|st|cs (|c|no Un|oo)
N o va g e ra o d e p o ltic a e m c i n c ia , te c n o lo g ia e in o va o
SEMINRIO INTERNACIONAL
97
Cincia da poltica cientca e de inovao do reino unido: o caso do economic and social research council (ESRC)
^s cscc|c|o+ocs o+ cconom|+ oo |c|no |n|oo +ssoc|+o+s su+ con,untu|+ |cccss|v+ |cccntc oc-
tc|m|n+m uc + ucstio oos |m+ctos oc scus |nvcst|mcntos tcn|+ cso c|csccntc ocnt|c +s ||o-
||o+ocs oo ||C |st+ ucstio sc|+ +bo|o+o+ n+ |ox|m+ scio
3. A poltica cientca e de inovao do Reino Unido e o ESRC
3.1. O ESRC: diretrizes de poltica cientca e de inovao
|st+ scio +|cscnt+ c o|scutc b|cvcmcntc o contcxto oc +tu+io oo ||C |m +|t|cu|+| o|scutc-
sc + |nsc|io oo ||C no s|stcm+ oc o||t|c+ c|cnt|c+ c oc |nov+io mcnc|on+oo ^ scio +ont+ +s
o||ct||zcs o+ o||t|c+ cx||c|t+ oo ||C com |csc|to s c|cnc|+s soc|+|s c cconom|c+s c |csumc t+nto
os |csu|t+oos csc|+oos como os |csu|t+oos +|c+n+oos + +|t|| o+uc|+s ^|cscnt+m-sc +|no+ +s
||n|+s |cgu|+|cs oc n+nc|+mcnto +|+ cx+nsio oo con|cc|mcnto cm c|cnc|+s soc|+|s oo consc||o
uc sio c|t|ncntcs o||t|c+ c|cnt|c+ c oc |nov+io c + +gcno+ c ||nc|+|s |csu|t+oos oos cstuoos
oc +v+||+io oos |m+ctos ocstcs |nvcst|mcntos |cst+ |o|m+ cstc cstuoo most|+|+ como oc um
|+oo o ||C cst|mu|+ + |oouio oc novos con|cc|mcntos |c|cv+ntcs +|+ + o||t|c+ c|cnt|c+ c oc
|nov+io c oc out|o como o consc||o busc+ cntcnoc| os mcsmos +t|+vcs oc +v+||+ocs
|nsc||oo no s|stcm+ ou|o oc n+nc|+mcnto c|cnc|+ c |nov+io b||tn|co ocsc||to +c|m+ o ||C c o con-
sc||o oc csu|s+s ocvot+oo s +|c+s oc cconom|+ c c|cnc|+s soc|+|s |c +co|oo com + o||t|c+ cx||c|t+
+||n|+v+o+ no |+no cst|+tcg|co oo c||ooo .oo,-.o+| o consc||o busc+ gc|+| con|cc|mcnto cm|||co
uc |uno+mcntc + com|ccnsio o+s |m||c+ocs soc|occonom|c+s o||t|c+s c cu|tu|+|s gc|+o+s + +|t||
oo +v+no o+ ||ontc||+ o+s oss|b|||o+ocs tccn|co-c|cnt|c+s o+s c|cnc|+s ||s|c+s c n+tu|+|s
++
O ||C |ocn-
t|c+ como +|c+s cmc|gcntcs c ||o||t+||+s +|+ o cstuoo o+s c|cnc|+s soc|+|s os scgu|ntcs tcm+s |) gc|cn-
c|+mcnto o||t|c+ c ocscmcn|o cconom|co g|ob+| ||) s+uoc c bcm-cst+| |||) com|ccnsio oo como|-
t+mcnto |no|v|ou+| |v) nov+s tccno|og|+s |nov+io c |+b|||o+ocs v) mc|o +mb|cntc cnc|g|+ c |cs|stcnc|+
v|) scgu|+n+ con|to c ,ust|+ c v||) o|vc|s|o+oc soc|+| c o|nm|c+ ou|+c|on+| (||C .oo,,)
O consc||o csc|+ uc cm c+o+ um ocstcs tcm+s u+t|o ob,ct|vos sc,+m +t|ng|oos gc|+io oc
csu|s+ oc c|+ssc muno|+| n+s c|cnc|+s soc|+|s +|mc,+noo + ||oc|+n+ ocst+ +|c+ oo con|cc|mcnto
11 Como ,+ mcnc|on+oo. cst+ not+ o|scut|:+ +,cn+s + ,o||t|c+ cx,||c|t+ oo |:|C. c nio cob:|:+ su+ o|mcnsio |m,||c|t+ |+:+ +
o|scussio +cc:c+ oo scnt|oo |m,||c|to c cx,||c|to o+ ,o||t|c+ c|cnt|c+ vc,+ |c::c:+ (19.)
98
Centro de G esto e Estudos Estratgicos
Cincia, Tecnologia e Inovao
Andr Campos
|o|m+io oc csu|s+oo|cs c||+io oc |n||+cst|utu|+ oc c|+ssc muno|+| +|+ + cxccuio oc csu|-
s+s cm c|cnc|+s soc|+|s c c||+io oc +|cc||+s O consc||o csc|+ uc + consccuio oc t+|s ob,ct|vos
+m||c +|no+ o +|c+ncc oo t|+b+||o o+s |c||+mcnt+s |cu||st|c+s c o+s mctooo|og|+s +||c+o+s c|os
c|cnt|st+s soc|+|s cm su+s co|+bo|+ocs com + comun|o+oc c|cnt|c+ com + comun|o+oc oc ncgo-
c|os c com o govc|no (||C .oo,,)
O con|cc|mcnto cm|||co uc o ||C csc|+ gc|+| nio c soc|+|mcntc ncut|o no scnt|oo mc|to-
n|+no oo tc|mo cnoo +ss|m su+ cx+nsio nio scguc somcntc os |ntc|csscs cogn|t|vos o+ comu-
n|o+oc c|cnt|c+ o+s c|cnc|+s soc|+|s c cconom|c+s (|c|ton +,;,) O ||C +|mc,+ uc o con|cc|-
mcnto gc|+oo sc,+ +ss|vc| oc +||c+io s cst|+tcg|+s c |occssos oc occ|sio oc tooo o cscct|o oc
+to|cs soc|+|s |nc|u|noo-sc o scto| ub||co +s |m+s ||v+o+s +s |nst|tu|ocs scm ns |uc|+t|vos +s
comun|o+ocs soc|+|s +s |+m|||+s c mcsmo os |no|v|ouos (||C .oo,+)
^ +|t|| oo contcxto ocsc||to n+ scio . o ||C tcm |ocu|+oo g+|+nt|| uc c|o mcnos +|tc oo
con|cc|mcnto gc|+oo + +|t|| ocstcs |nvcst|mcntos tcn|+ |m+ctos cconom|cos c soc|+|s c |csu|tc
cm mc||o||+s n+s o||t|c+s ub||c+s c n+s +t|tuocs |+t|c+s oos usu+||os oo con|cc|mcnto (||C
.oo,b) ^cs+| ocst+s cxcct+t|v+s o consc||o cons|oc|+ uc + |ocnt|c+io oos |m+ctos oos |n-
vcst|mcntos cm csu|s+ c oc o|||c|| mcnsu|+io o+o+ + |m|cv|s|b|||o+oc tcmo|+| +|+ uc |m+c-
tos otcnc|+|s sc,+m c|cct|vc|s c + o|cu|o+oc cm sc ocn|| +ocu+o+mcntc + +|cc|+ oo |m+cto
uc ooc sc| +t||bu|o+ + octc|m|n+o+ +gcnc|+ oc |omcnto (||C .oo,b.) |c |+to Cco|g||ou ct
+| (.oo.+o,-++o) c |+|t|n c +ng (.oo;) o|scutcm como + cx|stcnc|+ oc +o|c|on+||o+oc oos |nvcs-
t|mcntos cm csu|s+ cm tc|mos oc scus |csu|t+oos oc oss|vc|s |nvcst|mcntos +|tc|n+t|vos c oc
muo+n+s no como|t+mcnto c n+ c++c|o+oc cogn|t|v+ oos +gcntcs soc|occonom|cos c |ob|c-
m+t|z+oo t+nto c|o tcmo uc |cv+ +|+ sc m+n||cst+| como c|+ o|cu|o+oc cm sc |ocnt|c+| +
+|cc|+ oc||v+o+ o||ct+mcntc oo |nvcst|mcnto cm csu|s+ O consc||o cntcnoc uc cm |unio
ocst+s o|cu|o+ocs c |mo|t+ntc um+ +bo|o+gcm |o||st|c+ no uc t+ngc +os |m+ctos o+ csu|s+
c uc scus |nvcst|mcntos oocm gc|+| c|c|tos nio so cm |+t|c+s c o||t|c+s m+s t+mbcm no mc|o
+mb|cntc n+ s+uoc ub||c+ c n+ u+||o+oc oc v|o+ Conc|u|-sc uc + |cocu+io oo ||C com
um+ nov+ c|cnc|+ o+ o||t|c+ c|cnt|c+ c oc |nov+io sc |nsc|c ncstc contcxto m+|s +m|o oc cntcn-
o|mcnto oos |m+ctos oc su+s +t|v|o+ocs
^ t+bc|+ . most|+ +s ||nc|+|s +|c+s oc |nvcst|mcnto oo ||C +|+ .oos;.oo, +|+ o|vc|s+s +t|v|o+-
ocs ^ t+bc|+ |no|c+ uc cc|c+ oc ,,/ oo o|+mcnto oo consc||o |o| +|oc+oo n+ |o|m+io oc novos
csu|s+oo|cs ou sc,+ cm os-g|+ou+io ^o|c|on+|mcntc o consc||o +||c+ cc|c+ oc ee/ oc scu
o|+mcnto no n+nc|+mcnto o||cto oc |o,ctos oc csu|s+
N o va g e ra o d e p o ltic a e m c i n c ia , te c n o lo g ia e in o va o
SEMINRIO INTERNACIONAL
99
Cincia da poltica cientca e de inovao do reino unido: o caso do economic and social research council (ESRC)
Tabela 2 - ESRC: reas de investimento (2008-9)
reas de investimento Oramento*
(+) |csu|s+ 11c
|csu|s+ - |og|+m+s 1.
|csu|s+ - ccnt|os 1c
|csu|s+ - |n||+cst|utu|+ 1
|csu|s+ - +ux|||os 4!0
|csu|s+ - out|os 1
(b) |o|m+io cm os-g|+ou+io o
(c)|+ns|c|cnc|+ oc con|cc|mcnto !c
Total (a+b+c) 181.9
Fonte: |:|C ^nnu+| |c,o:t (.00s;9)
'|m m|||cs oc ||b:+s cstc:||n+s |xc|u| os g+stos com s+|+:|os c out:os |tcns oc ocs,cs+s
^ocm+|s +nu+|mcntc o ||C +o|+ m+|s oc sc|sccntos novos oouto|+noos c m+|s oc ouzcntos
csu|s+oo|cs |no|v|ou+|mcntc (t+bc|+ ,) O ||C n+nc|+ um+ g+m+ oc |og|+m+s oc csu|s+
ccnt|os oc csu|s+ |cocs ||o||t+||+s |o,ctos oc csu|s+ cm co|+bo|+io com usu+||os c +|oc+
+|no+ +ux|||os oc |+|g+ csc+|+
+.
O consc||o ocvc |cccbc| no c||ooo .oo;;.o++ um |nc|cmcnto
oc cc|c+ oc +s,/ cm su+ oot+io o|+mcnt+||+ co|oc+noo o mcsmo como o u+|to consc||o
com m+|o| +umcnto nos |unoos govc|n+mcnt+|s +|+ csu|s+s u+noo cotc,+oo com scus +-
|cs (||| .oos)
Tabela 3 - ESRC: inputs e outputs selecionados (bolsas, auxlios e publicaes)
Ano/ Tipo
Inputs Outputs
|o|s+s oc oouto|+oo ^ux|||os |no|v|ou+|s ^|t|gos' ||v|os c c+|tu|os
.00-o o41 .c. 40 4oo
.00o- o. . .4 !1
.00-c 4! .o !! 4c
Fonte: |:|C ^nnu+| |c,o:t
'|ub||c+cs ou:+ntc + v|gcnc|+ oc +ux|||os c bo|s+s c ,+:c|+|mcntc :c,o:t+oos +,os os mcsmos cm :cv|st+s c|cnt|c+s |ntc:n+c|on+|s
cm c|cnc|+s soc|+|s :cv|s+o+s ,o: ,+:cs
12 |ontc |tt,;;wwwcs:csoc|ctytoo+y+cu|;|:|C|n|oCcnt:c;:csc+:c|; (+ccsso 10 oc ,+nc|:o oc .010)
100
Centro de G esto e Estudos Estratgicos
Cincia, Tecnologia e Inovao
Andr Campos
Os |nvcst|mcntos oc csu|s+ ocvcm +t|ng|| os ob,ct|vos mcnc|on+oos o| mc|o oos |ooutos (ou-
tuts) |csu|t+ntcs oos |o,ctos c |og|+m+s n+nc|+oos |css+|tc-sc uc +s csu|s+s n+nc|+o+s
c|o consc||o vcm gc|+noo um vo|umc c|csccntc oc +|t|gos cm |cv|st+s |ntc|n+c|on+|s |cv|s+o+s o|
+|cs ocsoc .oo,-e |+ o vo|umc oc ||v|os c c+|tu|o oc ||v|os gc|+oos ou|+ntc os |o,ctos oc csu|-
s+ +|cscnt+|+m ||gc||+ |couio (t+bc|+ ,)
3.2. Polticas para fortalecer a cincia da poltica cientca e de inovao
|ooc-sc cnumc|+| b|cvcmcntc os ||nc|+|s cs|o|os +|+ cnoc|c+| +s ncccss|o+ocs oc ocscn|o c
|m|cmcnt+io oc o||t|c+s c|cnt|c+s c oc |nov+io n+ c|scct|v+ oo ||C O consc||o tcm ou+s
||n|+s oc +io +|+ o |o|t+|cc|mcnto ocst+ +|c+ |||mc||o subscio ,.+ os +ux|||os c n+nc|+mcn-
tos csu|s+ |ocu|+m gc|+| con|cc|mcnto uc oss+m sc| us+oos t+nto c|os |o|mu|+oo|cs oc
o||t|c+ como c|os +to|cs ||v+oos c +c+ocm|cos u+noo o+ |m|cmcnt+io oc su+s cst|+tcg|+s
|nst|tuc|on+|s cgunoo subscio ,.. o consc||o tcm |m|cmcnt+oo um+ +gcno+ oc +v+||+io
|nst|tuc|on+| c oc |m+cto uc |ocu|+ cntcnoc| os |csu|t+oos oc su+s o||t|c+s c uc ocst+ |o|m+
t+|s |csu|t+oos oss+m sc| ut|||z+oos m+|s o||ct+mcntc c|o |o||o consc||o
Cc|+io oc con|cc|mcnto c|t|ncntc c|cnc|+ o+ o||t|c+ c|cnt|c+ c oc |nov+io
|c|o |+oo oos +ux|||os c n+nc|+mcntos o ||C n+nc|+ ccnt|os oc csu|s+ capacity building clusters
csu|s+s cm co|+bo|+io c |og|+m+s oc csu|s+ uc gc|+m con|cc|mcnto c|t|ncntc +o tcm+ ocstc
cstuoo ^ocm+|s octc|m|n+oos tcm+s c |og|+m+s oc csu|s+ t+mbcm sio m+|s |c|+c|on+oos c|cn-
c|+ o+ o||t|c+ c|cnt|c+ c oc |nov+io +s c+|+ctc||st|c+s gc|+|s ocstcs cs|o|os sio |c|+c|on+o+s + scgu||
Ccnt|os oc csu|s+
Os ccnt|os oc csu|s+ |nvcst|g+m tcm+s cons|oc|+oos ocs++oo|cs c|o consc||o O consc||o
+o|+ os ccnt|os o| um c||ooo oc c|nco +nos uc sio no|m+|mcntc cstcno|oos o| c|nco +nos
+o|c|on+|s ^ t+bc|+ | most|+ os ccnt|os cm +t|v|o+oc |ot+-sc g|+noc cn|+sc nos tcm+s |nov+io
c gcnom|c+ |stcs ccnt|os tcm +bo|o+gcm mu|t|o|sc|||n+| c |ocu|+m |ntc|+g|| com usu+||os nos
scto|cs ||v+oo c ub||co (cg gc|cntcs oc cm|cs+s |noust||+|s c |o|mu|+oo|cs oc o||t|c+) ^ t+bc|+
most|+ +|no+ os ccnt|os cu,os |og|+m+s oc csu|s+ ,+ |o|+m conc|u|oos O |nvcst|mcnto tot+| oo
consc||o ncstcs ccnt|os |o| oc +s; m|||ocs oc ||b|+s cstc|||n+s cm .oos-, (||C ^nnu+| |co|t)
N o va g e ra o d e p o ltic a e m c i n c ia , te c n o lo g ia e in o va o
SEMINRIO INTERNACIONAL
101
Cincia da poltica cientca e de inovao do reino unido: o caso do economic and social research council (ESRC)
Tabela 4 - Centros de pesquisa nanciados pelo ESRC
Centro Localizao Foco Apoio at
Ct| |o| |conom|c |c||o|m+ncc |onoon c|oo| o| |conom|cs
|||m+s |oout|v|o+oc c |og|csso
tccn|co
.01
|nnov+t|on |csc+|c| Ccnt|c C+mb||ogc c |mc||+| Co||cgc |nov+io c +om|n|st|+io .01!
Ccnt|c on ||||s |now|cogc +no
O|g+n|s+t|on+| |c||o|m+ncc
Ox|o|o c C+|o| |n|vc|s|ty
|+b|||o+ocs (o|c|t+ c ocm+no+)
c ||
.01!
Ccnt|c |o| |conom|c +no oc|+|
^sccts o| Ccnom|cs
C+|o| |n|vc|s|ty ^scctos soc|+|s o+ gcnom|c+ .01.
Ccnt|c |o| Ccnom|cs |n oc|cty |n|vc|s|ty o| |xctc|
|ntcno|mcnto |osoco-soc|+| o+
gcnom|c+
.01.
Ccnt|c |o| oc|+| +no |conom|c
|csc+|c| on |nnov+t|on |n
Ccnom|cs
|n|vc|s|ty o| |o|nbu|g|
|ntc|+io cnt|c st+|c|o|oc|s n+
|nov+io cm gcnom|c+
.01.
Ccnom|cs |o||cy +no |csc+|c|
|o|um
|n|vc|s|ty o| |o|nbu|g|
^|t|cu|+io o+ csu|s+ cm
gcnom|c+ com |o|mu|+oo|cs oc
o||t|c+
.00
Ccntc| |o| |us|ncss |csc+|c| C+mb||ogc |c||o|m+ncc o+s |m+s Conc|u|oo
Ccnt|c |o| c|cncc cc|no|ogy
|nc|gy +no |nv||onmcnt+| |o||cy
usscx |n|vc|s|ty |nov+io c mc|o +mb|cntc Conc|u|oo
Ccntc| |o| |csc+|c| on |nnov+t|on
+no Comct|t|ons
|+nc|cstc| |n|vc|s|ty |nov+io c || Conc|u|oo
Com|cx ||oouct ystcm
|||g|ton |n|vc|s|ty ;usscx
|n|vc|s|ty
|nov+io c |ooutos com|cxos Conc|u|oo
Ccnt|c |o| O|g+n|s+t|on +no
|nnov+t|on
|n|vc|s|ty o| |c c|o |nov+io c t|+b+||o Conc|u|oo
Fonte: http://www.esrcsocietytoday.ac.uk/ESRCInfoCentre/research/centres/index.aspx (+ccsso 1! oc ,+nc|:o oc .010)
|otc-sc +|no+ uc os c|nco ccnt|os uc ,+ conc|u||+m scus |o,ctos c oc|x+|+m oc |cccbc| n+nc|+-
mcnto |o|+m +|vo oc +v+||+io oc |m+cto c|o consc||o con|o|mc sc|+ o|scut|oo +b+|xo
C++c|ty bu||o|ng c|ustc|s
|stc |og|+m+ |+c|||t+ + c||cu|+io oc con|cc|mcnto (ut|||z+noo ||o||t+||+mcntc |ccu|sos |um+nos)
cnt|c + +c+ocm|+ c usu+||os no govc|no n+ |noust||+ c cm cnt|o+ocs scm ns |uc|+t|vos ^tu+|mcntc
o consc||o +o|+ c|nco c|ustc|s oos u+|s t|cs sio |c|cv+ntcs +|+ o tcm+ ocstc cstuoo |noust||+
102
Centro de G esto e Estudos Estratgicos
Cincia, Tecnologia e Inovao
Andr Campos
com b+sc cm c||+t|v|o+oc (|scoc|+) cucn+s c mco|+s cm|cs+s (|ng|+tc||+ ccnt|+|) c comc|c|o v+-
|c,|st+ (|c|no |n|oo) O |og|+m+ ut|||z+ os scgu|ntcs mcc+n|smos bo|s+s oc oouto|+oo |ntc|cm-
b|os oc t|+ns|c|cnc|+ oc con|cc|mcnto cst+g|os c cuons +|+ consu|t+ com cxc|ts
^s bo|s+s oc oouto|+oo sio +|tc oo |og|+m+ C^| |cstc |og|+m+ um+ cm|cs+ ou o|gio go-
vc|n+mcnt+| sugc|c um |ob|cm+ oc csu|s+ +||c+oo o u+| c cstuo+oo no cscoo oc um+ tcsc
oc oouto|+oo O cstuo+ntc tcm +ccsso |+c|||t+oo + o+oos cnu+nto o con|cc|mcnto |oouz|oo c
+||c+oo n+ +|tc cstuo+o+ + u+| cont||bu| com |ccu|sos n+ncc||os bo|s+ oc oouto|+oo
Os |ntc|cmb|os oc t|+ns|c|cnc|+ oc con|cc|mcnto (|now|cogc |+ns|c| |+|tnc|s||s) contcm-
|+m + so|uio oc um |ob|cm+ +||c+oo |c-octc|m|n+oo c|+ cm|cs+ ou o|gio govc|n+mcnt+|
+|t|c|+ntc |cstc c+so t+nto um cstuo+ntc como um |oss|on+| |cccm g|+ou+oo oocm sc|
o||cnt+oos o| um +c+ocm|co O con|cc|mcnto gc|+oo ncstc c+so c oc n+tu|cz+ m+|s +||c+o+ oo
uc no c+so oo |og|+m+ C^|
Os cst+g|os sio t||c+mcntc c||ooos oc . + , mcscs nos u+|s cstuo+ntcs oc oouto|+oo t|+b+||+m
cm um o|gio govc|n+mcnt+| |m t|oc+ oc |oouz|| um cucno oocumcnto oc +n+||sc o cstuo+n-
tc |cccbc um+ cxtcnsio cm su+ bo|s+ oc oouto|+oo num c||ooo oc tcmo cu|v+|cntc +o cm|c-
g|+oo no cst+g|o
||n+|mcntc os cuons +|+ consu|t+s com cxc|ts sio o||c|tos |cccb|oos o| cm|cs+s |ntc|css+o+s
cm o|scut|| |ob|cm+s +||c+oos |m|cmcnt+| |o,ctos oc |nov+io com o +o|o oc +c+ocm|cos
|csu|s+s cm co|+bo|+io
|m v|gcnc|+ ocsoc .oo| o |og|+m+ oc csu|s+s cm co|+bo|+io |+c|||t+ + |oouio oc con|cc|-
mcnto cm +|cc||+ com usu+||os |m +|t|cu|+| o ||C cxccut+ oo|s |o,ctos n+ +|c+ c|t|ncntc +
cstc cstuoo + |c|+io cnt|c un|vc|s|o+ocs c + cconom|+ |cg|on+| (cm +|cc||+ com os |uno|ng Coun-
c||s) c os |ob|cm+s cscc|cos n+ +|c+ oc |nov+io c |oout|v|o+oc (cm +|cc||+ com o |||C)
+,
13 O |nnov+t|on |csc+:c| Ccnt:c t+mbcm c c|+ss|c+oo ,c|o consc||o como ,c:tcnccntc + cst+ c+tcgo:|+
N o va g e ra o d e p o ltic a e m c i n c ia , te c n o lo g ia e in o va o
SEMINRIO INTERNACIONAL
103
Cincia da poltica cientca e de inovao do reino unido: o caso do economic and social research council (ESRC)
cm+s oc |csu|s+
Con|o|mc mcnc|on+oo o ||C n+nc|+ csu|s+s o|g+n|z+o+s oc +co|oo com os scgu|ntcs tcm+s |)
gc|cnc|+mcnto o||t|c+ c ocscmcn|o cconom|co g|ob+| ||) s+uoc c bcm-cst+| |||) com|ccnsio oo
como|t+mcnto |no|v|ou+| |v) nov+s tccno|og|+s |nov+io c |+b|||o+ocs v) mc|o-+mb|cntc cnc|g|+ c
|cs|stcnc|+ v|) scgu|+n+ con|to c ,ust|+ c v||) o|vc|s|o+oc soc|+| c o|nm|c+ ou|+c|on+| ^ ucstio
o+ c|cnc|+ o+ o||t|c+ c|cnt|c+ c o+ |nov+io sio t|+nsvc|s+|s + cstcs sctc tcm+s c c oss|vc| cncon-
t|+| csu|s+s +o|+o+s c|o consc||o |c|cv+ntcs + cst+ tcm+t|c+ cm u+|uc| um oos tcm+s
Contuoo t|cs tcm+s sc ocst+c+m como m+|s c|t|ncntcs s o||t|c+s c|cnt|c+s c oc |nov+io |||-
mc||o no tcm+ gc|cnc|+mcnto o||t|c+ c ocscmcn|o cconom|co g|ob+| o consc||o +ont+ uc
+t|+vcs oo ocb+tc sob|c |oout|v|o+oc busc+ |nucnc|+| +s o||t|c+s ub||c+s c|t|ncntcs |nc|u|noo-
sc +| +uc|+s |c|+t|v+s c|cnc|+ c |nov+io (||C .oo,e) cgunoo no tcm+ mc|o +mb|cntc cnc|g|+
c |cs|stcnc|+ o consc||o busc+ ocscnvo|vc| csu|s+s uc sustcntcm + t|+ns|io +|+ um+ cconom|+
mcnos |ntcns|v+ cm c+|bono o uc t+mbcm co|oc+ cm cv|ocnc|+ o tcm+ o+ |nov+io
c|cc||o o tcm+ nov+s tccno|og|+s |nov+io c |+b|||o+ocs c o m+|s o||ct+mcntc c|t|ncntc c|cnc|+
o+ o||t|c+ c|cnt|c+ c o+ |nov+io |stc tcm+ busc+ cntcnoc| + |ntc|+io cnt|c usu+||os c + tccno|o-
g|+ o+ |n|o|m+io u+|s os octc|m|n+ntcs soc|+|s o+ cmc|gcnc|+ oc nov+s tccno|og|+s b+sc+o+s cm
con|cc|mcnto c|cnt|co |cccntc como + tccno|og|+ ooc sc| |cgu|+o+ c u+|s +s |+b|||o+ocs (s||||s)
ncccss+||+s +|+ o ocscnvo|v|mcnto tccno|og|co |cstc tcm+ cm +|t|cu|+| o consc||o +|mc,+ uc +
csu|s+ sc,+ o||cnt+o+ +|+ + o||t|c+ c + |+t|c+ no c+mo o+ |nov+io (||C .oo,)
||og|+m+s oc csu|s+
Os |og|+m+s oc csu|s+ comb|n+m um ou m+|s tcm+s ||o||t+||os cm to|no oc um con,unto oc
|o,ctos |no|v|ou+|s |m .oos-, o ||C |nvcst|u +; m|||ocs oc ||b|+s ncst+s |n|c|+t|v+s Os |og|+-
m+s tcm ou|+io oc c|nco +nos ^ t+bc|+ , most|+ uc +tu+|mcntc oo|s |og|+m+s tcm g|+noc |c-
|cvnc|+ +|+ + ucstio o+ o||t|c+ c|cnt|c+ c oc |nov+io O |nc|gy ||og|+mmc |ocu|+ nio so
ocscnvo|vc| nov+s tccno|og|+s + +|t|| oc +o|os oo |||C como t+mbcm cstuo+ o |occsso oc
ocscnvo|v|mcnto tccno|og|co sob + c|scct|v+ o+s c|cnc|+s soc|+|s O ^ov+ncco |nst|tutc o| |+-
n+gcmcnt |csc+|c| cob|c um+ g+m+ oc tcm+s |c|+c|on+oos +om|n|st|+io c |nov+io uc tcm
|c|cvnc|+ o||ct+ +|+ + o||t|c+ oc |nov+io | oss|vc| vc||c+| +|no+ uc sc|s oos |og|+m+s n+||-
z+oos ocsoc .ooe tcm |c|cvnc|+ +|+ o tcm+ o+ o||t|c+ c|cnt|c+ c oc |nov+io |stcs |og|+m+s
104
Centro de G esto e Estudos Estratgicos
Cincia, Tecnologia e Inovao
Andr Campos
cstuo+m o |occsso oc ocscnvo|v|mcnto c +ooio oc tccno|og|+s bcm como o |occsso oc +oo-
io soc|occonom|c+ oc con|cc|mcntos c|cnt|cos
Tabela 5 - Programas de pesquisa nanciados pelo ESRC
Programa Foco Apoio at
|nc|gy ||og|+mmc |ov+s tccno|og|+s c su+s consucnc|+s Cont|nuo
^ov+ncco |nst|tutc o| |+n+gcmcnt |csc+|c| ^om|n|st|+io c |nov+io .011
c|cncc |n soc|cty ^||c+io soc|+| o+ c|cnc|+ .00
|-soc|cty ccno|og|+s o|g|t+|s .00
|vo|ut|on o| |us|ncss |now|cogc Con|cc|mcnto c +|cno|z+gcm .00o
ust+|n+b|c cc| ||og|+mmc
|cscnvo|v|mcnto c +ooio oc tccno|og|+s
sustcnt+vc|s
.00o
|co|c +t t|c Ccnt|c o| Commun|c+t|on +no
|n|o|m+t|on cc|no|og|cs
ccno|og|+ o+ |n|o|m+io c s|co|og|+ .00o
|nnov+t|vc |c+|t| tcc|no|og|cs ccno|og|+ no scto| oc s+uoc .00o
Fonte: http://www.esrcsocietytoday.ac.uk/ESRCInfoCentre/research/research_programmes +ccsso 1! oc ,+nc|:o oc .010
||og|+m+s oc t|+ns|c|cnc|+ oc con|cc|mcnto
Os |og|+m+s oc t|+ns|c|cnc|+ oc con|cc|mcnto busc+m bcncc|+| os usu+||os ub||cos c ||v+oos
o+s csu|s+s oo ||C |+|+ t+nto o ||C ut|||z+ um+ v+||co+oc oc mcc+n|smos ^ss|m cm .oos;,
+. bo|s+s ||+ccmcntc |c||ow |o|+m |m|cmcnt+o+s |st+s c|m|tcm uc +c+ocm|cos com c|nco
+ ocz +nos oc c+||c||+ |++m um cst+g|o oc csu|s+ +||c+o+ ,unto +os scto|cs ub||co c ||v+oo
^ocm+|s cstuo+ntcs oc oouto|+oo t+mbcm oocm sc c+no|o+t+| + bo|s+s oc cst+g|o t+nto ,unto
+o scto| ub||co u+nto +o ||v+oo (com |. bo|s+s ocstc t|o |m|cmcnt+o+s cm .oos;,) |cstcs
mo|ocs os +ux|||os oc oouto|+oo oocm t+mbcm sc| |m|cmcnt+oos ,unto + cnt|o+ocs ub||c+s
ou ||v+o+s +s u+|s ocncm o |ob|cm+ oc csu|s+ +t|+vcs o+s bo|s+s oo t|o C^| ||n+|mcntc
o consc||o |m|cmcntou ++| |now|cogc |+ns|c| |+|tnc|s||s uc +|mc,+m + |m|cmcnt+io oc
|o,ctos oc c+|+tc| +||c+oo ou tccno|og|co ,unto + usu+||os o+ csu|s+
N o va g e ra o d e p o ltic a e m c i n c ia , te c n o lo g ia e in o va o
SEMINRIO INTERNACIONAL
105
Cincia da poltica cientca e de inovao do reino unido: o caso do economic and social research council (ESRC)
|stuoos oc |m+cto c +v+||+io oo con|cc|mcnto gc|+oo +|+ + c|cnc|+ o+
o||t|c+ c|cnt|c+ c oc |nov+io
|m+ vcz +||n|+v+oos os n+nc|+mcntos csu|s+ c oc t|+ns|c|cnc|+ oc con|cc|mcnto m+|s o|-
|ct+mcntc |c|+c|on+oos +o tcm+ ocstc cstuoo t|+t+|cmos +go|+ oc o|scut|| + +gcno+ oc +v+||+io
|nst|tuc|on+| c oc |m+cto uc |ocu|+ cntcnoc| os |csu|t+oos o+s o||t|c+s oo ||C |st+ sc scio
sc b+sc+|+ sob|ctuoo num oocumcnto |cccntc uc |+z um+ |cv|sio ocstcs cs|o|os c |cctc sob|c
os mcsmo (||C .oo,b)
O ||C cont+ com um |csc+|c| |v+|u+t|on Comm|ttcc uc busc+ +v+||+| +s +t|v|o+ocs oo consc-
||o c +consc||+| o mcsmo u+nto |m|cmcnt+io oc su+ cst|+tcg|+ |m+ t+|c|+ ccnt|+| oo com|-
tc c o ocscnvo|v|mcnto oc mctooo|og|+s +|+ + +v+||+io oos |csu|t+oos nio-+c+ocm|cos oc su+s
+t|v|o+ocs |st+ t+|c|+ |nc|u| +|no+ + +n+||sc oc cv|ocnc|+s sob|c o ocsoob|+mcntos oos +ux|||os oo
consc||o + com|ccnsio oc como c o|uc cstcs ocsoob|+mcntos oco||cm c cont||bu|| +|+ +
c||+io oc um+ cu|tu|+ c|cnt|c+ uc sc,+ ut|| soc|co+oc (||C .oo,b.)
^ +gcno+ oc +n+||sc oos ocsoob|+mcntos oos +ux|||os oo consc||o oo ||C vcm scnoo |m|cmcn-
t+o+ ocsoc +,,e u+noo os ||mc||os cstuoos ||oto n+ +|c+ |o|+m com|ss|on+oos |m .oo, o con-
sc||o occ|o|u |ntcns|c+| os cs|o|os ncst+ +|c+ com||+noo um oocumcnto uc |csum|+ +s +bo|o+-
gcns +|+ + +n+||sc oos |m+ctos oos con|cc|mcntos gc|+oos n+s c|cnc|+s soc|+|s (|+v|cs ct +| .oo,)
Conc|u|u-sc uc o concc|to oc |m+cto o+ csu|s+ ocvc |nc|u|| nio so os |csu|t+oos +c+ocm|cos o+s
csu|s+s +o|+o+s como t+mbcm + mc||o||+ no ocscmcn|o cconom|co n+s o||t|c+s ub||c+s
c nos |occssos soc|+|s oc occ|sio cm gc|+| ^ocm+|s |+v|cs ct +| (.oo,) cons|oc|+|+m t+mbcm +
|c|cvnc|+ oc sc cx+m|n+| o contcxto no u+| os ocsoob|+mcntos o+s csu|s+s oco||cm c oc|+m
|st+s conc|usocs |o|+m |nco|o|+o+s c|o |csc+|c| |v+|u+t|on Comm|ttcc uc occ|o|u c|+bo|+|
um+ +gcno+ oc cstuoos +cc|c+ oos ocsoob|+mcntos c oos |m+ctos o+s o||t|c+s oo ||C sob|c +s
o||t|c+s ub||c+s c +s |+t|c+s |oss|on+|s |cst+ |o|m+ c con|o|mc mcnc|on+oo n+ |nt|oouio o
||C nio vcm ocscnvo|vcnoo um |og|+m+ uc busuc n+nc|+| csu|s+s o||ct+mcntc +ssoc|+-
oos +o tcm+ o+c|cnc|+ o+ o||t|c+ c|cnt|c+ c oc |nov+io Contuoo o consc||o tcm busc+oo s|s-
tcm+t|c+mcntc cntcnoc| oc |o|m+ +m|+ como scu t|+b+||o |nucnc|+ + cconom|+ c + soc|co+oc
c +|tc ocst+s +ocs |c|c|||+m-sc +o tcm+ ocst+ not+
O onto oc +|t|o+ ocstc cs|o|o |o| um wo||s|o uc |ocu|ou os|c|on+| o ||C no contcxto
oos tcm+s uc sc||+m +n+||s+oos c +|+ sc ocn|| um+ +bo|o+gcm |obust+ +o cntcno|mcnto oos
ocsoob|+mcntos oos +o|os oo ||C (|o|+s-C+||+|t c +ng .oo;) O |csc+|c| |v+|u+t|on Comm|t-
106
Centro de G esto e Estudos Estratgicos
Cincia, Tecnologia e Inovao
Andr Campos
tcc +ootou o onto oc v|st+ oc uc +s c|cnc|+s soc|+|s ocvcm gc|+| novos |nst|umcntos (|nucn-
c|+noo +ss|m +s o||t|c+s no scnt|oo oc o||c|cs +s |+t|c+s |oss|on+|s +s |cg|s|+ocs cm v|go| c
+ o|c|t+ oc sc|v|os) novos concc|tos (os u+|s sc,+m +||c+vc|s +o cntcno|mcnto oos |nst|umcntos
mcnc|on+oos) c const|u|| nov+s c++c|t+ocs (ou sc,+ gc|+| nov+s |+b|||o+ocs |oss|on+|s) (||C
.oo,b, c |ut|cy ct +| .oo;)
O consc||o +|tc oc um+ +bo|o+gcm oc uc o uso oc cv|ocnc|+s cm|||c+s c novos concc|tos cm o-
||t|c+s sio +|tc oc um |occsso no u+| v+||os c|cmcntos sio ut|||z+oos c|os |o|mu|+oo|cs oc o||t|-
c+ cnoo +ss|m os |csu|t+oos o+ csu|s+ sc |nco|o|+m + um+ g+m+ oc out|os |+to|cs uc +c+b+m
o| mo|o+| o |csu|t+oo n+| o+ o||t|c+ |m +o|io c con|o|mc mcnc|on+oo +c|m+ o tcmo ncccs-
s+||o +|+ os ocsoob|+mcntos sc c|ct|v+|cm c + o|cu|o+oc cm +t||bu|| octc|m|n+o+ o||t|c+ + octc|-
m|n+oo con|cc|mcnto gc|+oo + +|t|| oc n+nc|+mcntos oo ||C |ob|cm+t|z+m +|no+ m+|s os usos
oc con|cc|mcnto ncst+s cono|ocs O |occsso c|o u+| o con|cc|mcnto c o|sscm|n+oo c o |csu|t+-
oo n+| o+ t|+ns|io cnt|c + gc|+io oo con|cc|mcnto c su+ +||c+io sio |nucnc|+oos c|os +gcn-
tcs soc|+|s cnvo|v|oos c c|o contcxto oc su+ ut|||z+io |cst+ |o|m+ tooo o |occsso cnt|c + c||+io
oo con|cc|mcnto c su+ +||c+io s o||t|c+s (|nc|u|noo-sc +| +uc|+s |c|+t|v+s c|cnc|+ c |nov+io)
c cons|oc|+oo csscnc|+|mcntc nio ||nc+| ^ +|t|| ocst+s ||otcscs o com|tc occ|o|u cont|+t+| um+
sc||c oc cstuoos + +|t|| oc .ooe +|+ |ocnt|c+| os |m+ctos o+s csu|s+s n+nc|+o+s c|o ||C
sob|c os |o|mu|+oo|cs oc o||t|c+ c +n+||s+| os octc|m|n+ntcs ocstcs |m+ctos (||C .oo,b| c ,)
^ +|t|| ocst+ +gcno+ os scgu|ntcs |og|+m+s c ccnt|os |o|+m +n+||s+oos |) |utu|c o| \o|| ||og|+m-
mc ||) |syc|o|ogy |csc+|c| C|+nts |||) |o||t|c+| c|cncc;|ntc|n+t|on+| tuo|cs |csc+|c| C|+nts |v) Ccn-
tc| |o| |us|ncss |csc+|c| c v) |nnov+t|on Ccnt|cs (com|ccnocnoo o Ccnt|c |o| |csc+|c| on |nno-
v+t|on +no Comct|t|on o Com|cx ||ooucts Ccnt|c c o Ccnt|c |o| O|g+n|s+t|on +no |nnov+t|on)
|m tc|mos oos mctooos ut|||z+oos c oos |csu|t+oos ocstcs cstuoos c+bcm +s scgu|ntcs obsc|v+-
ocs O |utu|c o| \o|| ||og|+mmc |o| +n+||s+oo com b+sc cm um |og|c mooc| + |csc|to o+ o|-
|usio oo con|cc|mcnto + +|t|| oo u+| |o|+m |c+||z+oos cstuoos oc c+so c cnt|cv|st+s c su|vcys
com +c+ocm|cos c usu+||os cnvo|v|oos Os |syc|o|ogy |csc+|c| C|+nts |o|+m cstuo+oos + +|t||
oc cnt|cv|st+s su|vcys c g|uos |oc+|s uc busc+|+m m+c+| + |c|+io cnt|c os |oouto|cs oo co-
n|cc|mcnto scus |ntc|mco|+oo|cs usu+||os c bcncc|+||os |m+ +bo|o+gcm scmc||+ntc |o| ut|||-
z+o+ +|+ +n+||s+| +s |o||t|c+| c|cncc;|ntc|n+t|on+| tuo|cs |csc+|c| C|+nts |c |o|m+ gc|+| os t|cs
cstuoos |ocnt|c+|+m |m+ctos v+||+noo ocsoc +|tc|+ocs oc n|vc| m+|s gc|+| nos ocb+tcs +c+ocm|-
cos +tc o ocscnvo|v|mcnto oc concc|tos c |nst|umcntos uc t|vc|+m +||c+io |+t|c+ c bcnc||c|os
o||ctos +os usu+||os n+|s (||C .oo,b)
N o va g e ra o d e p o ltic a e m c i n c ia , te c n o lo g ia e in o va o
SEMINRIO INTERNACIONAL
107
Cincia da poltica cientca e de inovao do reino unido: o caso do economic and social research council (ESRC)
Os c+sos m+|s |mo|t+ntcs oc +v+||+ocs com |csc|to +o tcm+ ocst+ not+ |o|+m o Ccnt|c |o| |u-
s|ncss |csc+|c| c os |nnov+t|on Ccnt|c
O Ccntc| |o| |us|ncss |csc+|c| |o| cstuo+oo + +|t|| oc um+ +bo|o+gcm uc ||v||cg|+v+ o m+c+-
mcnto oc |m+ctos + +|t|| oos oututs o+ csu|s+ (|o|+s-C+||+|t c +ng .oo;b) Const|u||+m-sc
cstuoos oc c+so + +|t|| oos usu+||os o+ csu|s+ |ocnt|cou-sc uc os |csu|t+oos o+s csu|s+s oo
ccnt|o t|vc|+m +||c+io |nst|umcnt+|
n+ o||t|c+ b||tn|c+ oc |c|+ocs t|+b+|||st+s no +o|o |c|o|mu|+io o+ |cg|s|+io oo s+|+||o
m|n|mo c oos o||c|tos s|no|c+|s ^s csu|s+s oo ccnt|o con|m+|+m os |csu|t+oos ocst+s
o||t|c+s c +o|+|+m +s occ|socs govc|n+mcnt+|s t+nto o| mc|o oc mcc+n|smos o||ctos como
o uso oos |csu|t+oos oos t|+b+||os cm o||t|c+s cscc|c+s como o| mc|o oc mcc+n|smos
m+|s |no||ctos o| mc|o oc |c|+ocs |ntc|csso+|s com |o|mu|+oo|cs oc o||t|c+ uc v+||+v+m
cm |ntcns|o+oc (ocsoc oc+s|on+|s +tc o n|vc| oc co|+bo|+io m+|s o||ct+ n+s csu|s+s)
n+s o||t|c+s oc +o|o cucn+s c mco|+s cm|cs+s +| sc ocu c|o |+to oo ccnt|o |n|o|m+|
o |c+|tmcnt |o| |+oc +no |noust|y c com+n||+s ||v+o+s (cg b+ncos) o| mc|o o+ +n+||sc
oc o+oos ||m+||os sob|c como cucn+s c mco|+s cm|cs+s oc|+m cm tc|mos oc su+s
ncccss|o+ocs oc suo|tc n+ncc||o c +om|n|st|+t|vo |st+ csu|s+ sc b+scou cm um cxtcnso
b+nco oc o+oos |ong|tuo|n+|s oc c+|+tc| u+nt|t+t|vo
|o|t+nto + +||c+io oo con|cc|mcnto n+ |cg|s|+io t|+b+|||st+ b||tn|c+ c n+s o||t|c+s oc +o|o s
cucn+s c mco|+s cm|cs+s occo||cu oc um+ comb|n+io cnt|c mcc+n|smos oc t|+nsm|ssio o||c-
tos c |no||ctos +o |ongo oc um c||ooo oc tcmo |c|+t|v+mcntc cxtcnso (||C .oo,b++-+.) |stcs
mcc+n|smos |nc|u||+m +t|v|o+ocs |n|o|m+|s c |o|m+|s (como + cxccuio oc csu|s+ co|+bo|+t|v+)
c |csu|t+|+m cm +|tc oc um+ +t|tuoc |o-+t|v+ oo ccnt|o cm tc|mos oc cng+,+mcnto com mcm-
b|os oo ooc| ub||co
|+ no c+so oos |nnov+t|on Ccnt|cs buscou-sc +n+||s+| +s t|+,cto||+s oo con|cc|mcnto gc|+oo c|os
ccnt|os cm o||cio +os usu+||os (|\C .oos) Os consu|to|cs ot+|+m o| us+| |og|c mooc|s +|+
||ust|+| tco||c+mcntc cst+s t|+,cto||+s Os o+oos |o|+m co|ct+oos + +|t|| oc cnt|cv|st+s com usu+-
||os c csu|s+oo|cs c +t|+vcs oc um su|vcy
108
Centro de G esto e Estudos Estratgicos
Cincia, Tecnologia e Inovao
Andr Campos
Os oo|s ||nc|+|s mcc+n|smos uc |+c|||t+|+m + oco||cnc|+ oc |m+ctos |o|+m o t|c|n+mcnto oc
mio-oc-ob|+ u+||c+o+ (com + |o|m+io oc +,o mcst|cs c |o |||s cm +|c+s |c|+c|on+o+s tc-
m+t|c+ o+ |nov+io u+noo comb|n+oos o Ccnt|c |o| |csc+|c| on |nnov+t|on +no Comct|t|on o
Com|cx ||ooucts Ccnt|c c o Ccnt|c |o| O|g+n|s+t|on +no |nnov+t|on) c + |oouio oc con|cc|-
mcnto soc|+|mcntc ut|| c otcnc|+|mcntc +||c+vc|
Com |csc|to |oouio oc con|cc|mcnto o cstuoo |ocnt|cou uc os con|cc|mcntos gc|+oos c|+m
||cucntcmcntc +n+||s+oos o| |o|mu|+oo|cs oc o||t|c+ ^ss|m os usu+||os t|vc|+m +ccsso t+nto + |on-
tcs oocumcnt+|s o+s csu|s+s (cg |c|+to||os c +c|s) como cont+to o||cto com os |nvcst|g+oo|cs
|ocnt|cou-sc uc os ccnt|os co|+bo|+|+m |no||ct+mcntc com cv|ocnc|+s +|+ o||t|c+s ub||c+s
O con|cc|mcnto gc|+oo |o| |nco|o|+oo o| |o|mu|+oo|cs oc o||t|c+ |o| cxcm|o o cntio |c-
+|tmcnt |o| |+oc +no |noust|y |nco|o|ou cm su+s o|scussocs |ntc|n+s +t|+vcs oc mcmo|+noos
concc|tos oc comct|t|v|o+oc ocscnvo|v|oos c|o Ccnt|c |o| |csc+|c| on |nnov+t|on +no Comct|-
t|on ^ocm+|s o Ccnt|c |o| O|g+n|s+t|on +no |nnov+t|on |nucnc|ou + cst|+tcg|+ oo |c+|tmcnt
|o| |+oc +no |noust|y com |csc|to + |nov+io c |oout|v|o+oc +t|+vcs oc con|cc|mcntos t|+ns-
m|t|oos o| mc|o oc um+ sc||c oc wo||s|os O |c+|tmcnt |o| |+oc +no |noust|y usou +|no+
os con|cc|mcntos gc|+oos cm tc|mos oc mc||o| com|ccnsio o+ |nov+io no scto| oc sc|v|os
c oc su+ +gcno+ oc |oouio oc con|cc|mcnto +|+ + |uno+mcnt+io oc o||t|c+s (||C .oo,b)
Os octc|m|n+ntcs gc|+|s oo +|ovc|t+mcnto oos |csu|t+oos o+ csu|s+ nos u+t|o ccnt|os c nos
t|cs |og|+m+s cstuo+oos |cmctcm s scgu|ntcs o|mcnsocs
|occsso o |+to| octc|m|n+ntc +|+ + |nucnc|+ oos |csu|t+oos o+s csu|s+s sob|c os o|-
|cy-m+|c|s |o| + cx|stcnc|+ oc um+ |coc oc |c|+c|on+mcntos cnt|c cstcs c os +c+ocm|cos
|stc |c|+c|on+mcnto bcncc|ou t+nto os o||cy-m+|c|s (uc t|vc|+m +ccsso + cv|ocnc|+s
+|+ su+s o||t|c+s) como os +c+ocm|cos (cu,+s csu|s+s |o|+m cn||ucc|o+s c|+ |c|+io
com os usu+||os) O |occsso ooc sc| |o|t+|cc|oo c|+ cx|stcnc|+ oc um+ cst|+tcg|+ oc o|s-
scm|n+io o| +|tc oos +c+ocm|cos c c|+ co|+bo|+io com |ntc|mco|+||os |c|cv+ntcs
|cstcs c+sos + |c|+io cnt|c +c+ocm|cos c usu+||os |cvou + um+ |ntcns|c+io oo |ntc|cm-
b|o oo con|cc|mcnto
contcxto c contcuoo nio so o |occsso ocsc||to cm ||n|+s gc|+|s +c|m+ ocvc oco||c| m+s t+m-
bcm o contcxto oc +||c+io oo con|cc|mcnto ocvc sc| |+vo|+vc| Ou sc,+ os |o|mu|+oo|cs
oc o||t|c+ ocvcm cst+| +bc|tos +bso|io oo con|cc|mcnto |o| cstc mot|vo cs+ + cx|stcn-
c|+ oc |cocs oc |c|+c|on+mcnto oc |ongo-|+zo cnt|c +c+ocm|cos c o||cy-m+|c|s ^ocm+|s
N o va g e ra o d e p o ltic a e m c i n c ia , te c n o lo g ia e in o va o
SEMINRIO INTERNACIONAL
109
Cincia da poltica cientca e de inovao do reino unido: o caso do economic and social research council (ESRC)
os cstuoos c csu|s+s |m|cmcnt+o+s ocvcm tc| |c|+io com +s ucstocs oc o||t|c+ c o+s
+gcno+s oos |o|mu|+oo|cs oc o||t|c+ +|+ uc o con|cc|mcnto gc|+oo sc bcncc|c oc um
contcxto |+vo|+vc| su+ +||c+io (||C .oo,b)
O consc||o cons|oc|ou uc os |csu|t+oos oos cstuoos mcnc|on+oos gc|+|+m ||ocs uc ocvcm sc|
+|ccno|o+s +|+ uc + gc|+io oc con|cc|mcnto cm c|cnc|+s soc|+|s c cconom|+ +tcno+ +os |cu|s|-
tos oc +||c+b|||o+oc c ut|||o+oc +|s |csu|t+oos sc|io ut|||z+oos +|+ o||cc|on+| o cntcno|mcnto |utu-
|o +cc|c+ oc como +s csu|s+s oo ccnt|o |nucnc|+m +s o||t|c+s ub||c+s c +s |+t|c+s |oss|on+|s
4. Concluso
4.1. Consideraes nais
|stc cstuoo |ocu|ou |cv|s+| os cs|o|os oo ||C +|+ gc|+| con|cc|mcnto uc sc,+ o||ct+ ou |no|-
|ct+mcntc ut|| +|+ + |o|mu|+io c |m|cmcnt+io oc o||t|c+ c|cnt|c+ c oc |nov+io ^|gumcn-
tou-sc uc + cst|+tcg|+ oo ||C +|tc oo |cssuosto uc o con|cc|mcnto gc|+oo cm c|cnc|+s
soc|+|s c cconom|+ ocvc tc| +||c+b|||o+oc |+t|c+ ou sc,+ sc| |nco|o|+oo c|os usu+||os |o| cxcm-
|o t+| con|cc|mcnto ocvc cm tcsc sc| ut|| +|+ +s o||t|c+s ub||c+s c +s |+t|c+s |oss|on+|s ^
gc|+io oo con|cc|mcnto |c|cv+ntc c|cnc|+ o+ o||t|c+ c|cnt|c+ c oc |nov+io sc o+ t+nto o|
mc|o o+ |oouio oc con|cc|mcnto + +|t|| oos +o|os oo consc||o como c|+ +v+||+io c +n+||sc
oos ocsoob|+mcntos ocstcs +o|os
Com |c|+io |oouio oo con|cc|mcnto o cstuoo |cv|sou os ||nc|+|s mcc+n|smos |m|cmcn-
t+oos c|o ||C c|t|ncntcs +o tcm+ o+ c|cnc|+ o+ o||t|c+ c|cnt|c+ c tccno|og|c+ Obsc|vou-sc
uc os v+||os t|os oc +o|o oo consc||o oocm otcnc|+|mcntc gc|+| oututs uc +m||cm o cs-
touc oc con|cc|mcnto ncst+ +|c+ |o| cxcm|o not+mos como octc|m|n+oos tcm+s oc csu|s+
|og|+m+s c ccnt|os gc|+m cv|ocnc|+s uc sio |c|cv+ntcs +|+ + o||t|c+ c|cnt|c+ c oc |nov+io
Com |c|+io +os ocsoob|+mcntos ocstcs +o|os obsc|v+|+m-sc os ||nc|+|s cs|o|os oo ||C +|+
+ +n+||sc oos |m+ctos oos con|cc|mcntos gc|+oos + +|t|| oc scus +o|os csu|s+ ,unto +os
usu+||os cm +|t|cu|+| +os |o|mu|+oo|cs oc o||t|c+ |stcs cs|o|os sio b+sc+oos sob|ctuoo cm cs-
tuoos cscc|cos oc |og|+m+s ccnt|os c bo|s+s O |oco oo consc||o tcm s|oo cm cntcnoc| u+|s
|+to|cs |mo|t+m n+ +ooio oos |csu|t+oos o+ csu|s+ c|os usu+||os |+|t|cu|+|mcntc o consc||o
|ocnt|cou + |mo|tnc|+ oo |occsso oc o||usio oo con|cc|mcnto bcm como + |c|cvnc|+ oc scu
contcuoo c oo contcxto no u+| sc o+ + +||c+io oo con|cc|mcnto
110
Centro de G esto e Estudos Estratgicos
Cincia, Tecnologia e Inovao
Andr Campos
^ m oc conc|u|| cst+ not+ +|cscnt+mos + scgu|| +|gum+s ||ocs uc oocm cont||bu|| +|+ o oc-
b+tc sob|c + + c|cnc|+ o+ o||t|c+ c|cnt|c+ c oc |nov+io
4.2. Elementos para um debate sobre a poltica da cincia e de inovao
no caso brasileiro
^ +|t|| o+ +n+||sc oo c+so oo ||C os scgu|ntcs c|cmcntos sio |c|cv+ntcs +|+ o c+so b|+s||c||o
^ octc|m|n+io +t|+vcs oc consu|t+s com + comun|o+oc oc csu|s+oo|cs oos tcm+s |c|-
cv+ntcs +|+ csu|s+ c su+ |nc|usio oc |o|m+ t|+nso|sc|||n+| n+s +t|v|o+ocs oc |omcnto
O ||C +ut+ su+s o||ct||zcs oc o||t|c+ c|+ cvo|uio no|m+| o+s c|cnc|+s soc|+|s c cconom|-
c+s |cstc scnt|oo tcm+s |cccntcs oc csu|s+ tcnocm + sc| +o|+oos no cu|to |+zo ^ocm+|s
o |c+|tmcnt |o| |us|ncss |nnov+t|on +no ||||s co-ocnc cst+ +gcno+ Contuoo + |o||+
comun|o+oc oc csu|s+ ooc sc m+n||cst+| cm tc|mos oc ||o||o+ocs oc csu|s+ |m+ vcz
uc octc|m|n+o+ +|c+ c|t|ncntc c|cnc|+ o+ o||t|c+ c|cnt|c+ c oc |nov+io sc,+ c|c|t+ c|+
sc|+ +ss|vc| oc cstuoo o| too+s +s o|sc|||n+s +o|+o+s c|o consc||o ^ss|m + ocn|io oc
um tcm+ oc csu|s+ +|+ +n+||sc t|+nso|sc|||n+| ooc sc| um+ |+t|c+ otcnc|+|mcntc ut|| +o
c+so b|+s||c||o |otc-sc uc o co|tc t|+nso|sc|||n+| nio cxc|u| + mu|t|o|sc|||n+||o+oc |c |+to
o ||C ||v||cg|+ + comb|n+io oc o|sc|||n+s cm scus |o,ctos +bc-sc uc no ||+s|| comun|-
o+ocs mu|to |ox|m+s como +s oc +om|n|st|+io c cconom|+ ouco ou n+o+ o|+|og+m o uc
||m|t+ o |ntc|cmb|o concc|tu+| c cm|||co
O const+ntc ocscnvo|v|mcnto oc mcc+n|smos oc |ntc|cmb|o oc |ccu|sos |um+nos
|ot+mos uc o ||C ||v||cg|+ + o|sscm|n+io oc con|cc|mcnto |c|cv+ntc +|+ + o||t|c+ o+
c|cnc|+ c oc |nov+io o| mc|o oos mcc+n|smos uc cnvo|vcm + c||cu|+io c t|+ns|c|cnc|+ oc
|ccu|sos |um+nos +||o|+oos no cscoo oos c++c|ty bu||o|ng c|ustc|s |cstc +|t|cu|+| nio oc-
|cnocmos + mc|+ t|+nsos|io oc |og|+m+s oo t|o C^| ou |now|cogc |+ns|c| |+|tnc|s||
+|+ +||c+io no ||+s|| ,+ uc os mcsmos o|c||mcntc sc||+m oc|+c|on+|s no nosso contcxto
| m|stc| uc t+|s |og|+m+s oss+m sc| +,ust+oos |c+||o+oc b|+s||c||+ ^ |m|cmcnt+io oc cs-
ucm+s ||oto oc t|+ns|c|cnc|+ oc |ccu|sos |um+nos ocvc sc o+| oc |o|m+ mcnos |o|m+||z+o+
oo uc c|os concu|sos ub||cos c sc||+m oc g|+noc v+||+ +|+ + m+tc||+ +n+||s+o+ ncst+ not+
|+|+ t+nto ocvcm c|m|t|| + |nco|o|+io oo con|cc|mcnto gc|+oo + +|t|| oc |og|+m+s
t|+nso|sc|||n+|cs o| +|tc oc |o|mu|+oo|cs oc o||t|c+ |cg|s|+oo|cs c c|cmcntos oo scto|
||v+oo | +|no+ c +o mcsmo tcmo ocvcm |csc|v+| + |noccnocnc|+ c +s oocs oc c+||c||+
oc novos c|cnt|st+s soc|+|s c cconom|st+s
N o va g e ra o d e p o ltic a e m c i n c ia , te c n o lo g ia e in o va o
SEMINRIO INTERNACIONAL
111
Cincia da poltica cientca e de inovao do reino unido: o caso do economic and social research council (ESRC)
^ |m|cmcnt+io oc um+ o||t|c+ oc +v+||+io oc |m+ctos oc |ongo-|+zo
O ||C oc|+ ,unto + +c+ocm|cos uc cstuo+m + t|+nsm|ssio oc con|cc|mcnto cm c|cnc|+s
soc|+|s c cconom|+ +|+ +||c+ocs |+t|c+s c cm o||cio + |o|mu|+oo|cs oc o||t|c+ c|o mc-
nos ocsoc +,,e Com |sto o consc||o tcm +cumu|+oo |c|cv+ntc cntcno|mcnto sob|c o tcm+
|cstc scnt|oo + +v+||+io oos |m+ctos oo con|cc|mcnto gc|+oo + +|t|| oc scus |og|+m+s
nio sc o+ como |csu|t+oo oc occ|socs tcmo|+||+s |cvc|s|vc|s c oc cu|to |+zo |+t+-sc oc
um+ o||t|c+ |nst|tuc|on+|
C+so um |og|+m+ oc csu|s+s busuc gc|+| con|cc|mcnto +||c+vc| c|cnc|+ o+ o||t|c+
c|cnt|c+ c oc |nov+io sc||+ |c|cv+ntc uc mcc+n|smos cont|nuos oc +v+||+io oc |m+ctos
(cg n+s |+t|c+s |oss|on+|s oc +om|n|st|+oo|cs ub||cos c gcsto|cs oc cm|cs+s c n+ |o|mu-
|+io oc o||t|c+s) |osscm |m|cmcnt+oos
Referncias
8U:|||::. ||1|||||:| ^|| ||U|^1O|: |||O|| |+nu|+ctu:|ng ncw c|+||cngcs. ncw o,,o:tun|t|cs
|ono:cs |c,+:tmcnt |o: 8us|ncss. |ntc:,:|sc +no |cgu|+to:y |c|o:m. ioos
8U:|||::. ||1|||||:| ^|| ||U|^1O|: |||O|| !c ioos |8| sco:cc+:o |ono:cs |c,+:tmcnt
|o: 8us|ncss. |ntc:,:|sc +no |cgu|+to:y |c|o:m. ioos
|^V||: |. |U1||: :. v^|1|| | ^,,:o+c|cs to +sscss|ng t|c non-+c+ocm|c |m,+ct o| soc|+| sc|cncc
:csc+:c| :w|noon |:|C. ioo,
|||^|1|||1 |O| |||OV^1|O|. U||V||:|1||: ^|| :||||: :c|cncc +no |nnov+t|on |nvcstmcnt
|:+mcwo:| ioo|-io+| |ono:cs |c,+:tmcnt |o: |nnov+t|on. Un|vc:s|t|cs +no :||||s. ioo;
|||^|1|||1 |O| |||OV^1|O|. U||V||:|1||: ^|| :||||: :c|cncc +no |nnov+t|on |nvcstmcnt
|:+mcwo:| ioo|-io+| |conom|c |m,+cts o| |nvcstmcnt |n :csc+:c| 8 |nnov+t|on |ono:cs
|c,+:tmcnt |o: |nnov+t|on. Un|vc:s|t|cs +no :||||s. ioos
|||^|1|||1 |O| |||OV^1|O|. U||V||:|1||: ^|| :||||: !c |cm+no |o: :c|cncc. 1cc|no|ogy.
|ng|ncc:|ng +no |+t|cm+t|cs (:1||) :||||s |ono:cs |c,+:tmcnt |o: |nnov+t|on. Un|vc:s|t|cs +no
:||||s. ioo,
|CO|O||C ^|| :OC|^| ||:|^|C| COU|C|| ^nnu+| :c,o:t V+:|os +nos
|CO|O||C ^|| :OC|^| ||:|^|C| COU|C|| |:|C st:+tcg|c ,|+n ioo,-io+o :w|noon |:|C. ioo,
112
Centro de G esto e Estudos Estratgicos
Cincia, Tecnologia e Inovao
Andr Campos
|CO|O||C ^|| :OC|^| ||:|^|C| COU|C|| |:|C st:+tcg|c ,|+n ioo,-io+| oc||vc:|ng |m,+ct
t|:oug| soc|+| sc|cncc :w|noon |:|C. ioo,
|CO|O||C ^|| :OC|^| ||:|^|C| COU|C|| 1+||ng stoc| + summ+:y o| |:|Cs wo:| to cv+|u+tc t|c
|m,+ct o| :csc+:c| on ,o||cy +no ,:+ct|cc :w|noon |:|C. ioo,
|O|||OU |. ||8: |. C^|||O| | (cos) ^sscss|ng t|c soc|o-cconom|c |m,+cts o| t|c |:+mcwo:|
,:og:+mmc (^:||) |+nc|cstc: |||:1. iooi
||||||^ ^ :oc|+| octc:m|n+nts o| sc|cncc ,o||cy |n |+t|n ^mc:|c+ |x,||c|t sc|cncc ,o||cy +no |m,||c|t
sc|cncc ,o||cy |ou:n+| o| |cvc|o,mcnt :tuo|cs. v ,. , +,-,;. +,;i
|^|1|| 8. 1^| | !c bcncts |:om ,ub||c|y |unoco :csc+:c| :c|cncc +no 1cc|no|og|c |o||cy |csc+:c|
||ct:on|c vo:||ng |+,c: :c:|cs. n+o+ ioo;
|c:ton | Os |m,c:+t|vos |nst|tuc|on+|s o+ C|cnc|+ |n ||U: | | (o:g) ^ c:|t|c+ o+ c|cnc|+ ||o oc |+nc|:o
z+|+: |o|to:cs. +,;,
||1C^||| : |u|||b:|um +no cvo|ut|on+:y |ouno+t|ons o| com,ct|t|on +no tcc|no|ogy ,o||cy ncw
,c:s,cct|vcs on t|c o|v|s|on o| |+bo: +no |nnov+t|on ,:occss |cv|st+ 8:+s||c|:+ oc |nov+io. v i. ,
+++-+|o ioo,
||1C^||| : |nnov+t|on systcms. |nnov+t|on ,o||cy +no :cst|css c+,|t+||sm |n |^|||8^ |. 8|U:O|| :
(cos). |c:s,cct|vcs on |nnov+t|on C+mb:|ogc Un|vc:s|ty |:css. ioo;
||||: | ^n |nt:oouct|on to t|c U| ||g|c: |ouc+t|on :csc+:c| |uno|ng mooc| :w|noon |:|C. ioo,
|O|^:-^||^|1 |. 1^| | |c,o:t o| t|c |:|C |m,+ct |v+|u+t|on |ct|oos vo:|s|o, :w|noon |:|C.
ioo;
|O|^:-^||^|1 |. 1^| | |o||cy +no ,:+ct|cc |m,+cts o| |:|C |unoco :csc+:c| c+sc stuoy o| t|c
|:|C Ccnt:c |o: 8us|ncss |csc+:c| 8:|g|ton-V+|cnc|+ :||U-|ngcn|o. ioo;
|||:O|. | !c s|m,|c cconom|cs o| b+s|c sc|cnt|c :csc+:c| |n |O:||8|| | (co) !c cconom|cs o|
tcc|n|c+| c|+ngc |ono:cs |cngu|n 8oo|s. +,;+
|U1||: :. v^|1|| |. |^V|:. | Us|ng |v|ocncc |ow |csc+:c| c+n |n|o:m |ub||c :c:v|ccs 8:|sto| |o||cy
|:css. ioo;
O|||C| O| :C|||C| ^|| |||OV^1|O| ^nnu+| :c,o:t on out,ut |:+mcwo:|s |ono:cs ||U:. iooo
O|||C| O| :C|||C| ^|| 1|C||O|O: |O||C: !c sc|cncc o| sc|cncc ,o||cy + |coc:+| :csc+:c|
:o+om+, |c,o:t on t|c sc|cncc o| sc|cncc ,o||cy to t|c subcomm|ttcc on soc|+|. bc|+v|o:+| +no
cconom|c sc|cnccs v+s||ngton. |C O cc o| :c|cncc +no 1cc|no|ogy |o||cy. ioos
N o va g e ra o d e p o ltic a e m c i n c ia , te c n o lo g ia e in o va o
SEMINRIO INTERNACIONAL
113
Cincia da poltica cientca e de inovao do reino unido: o caso do economic and social research council (ESRC)
OX|O|| |||OV^1|O| !c sust+|n+b|||ty o| t|c U| cconomy |n +n c:+ o| occ||n|ng ,:oouct|vc c+,+b|||ty
|c+t|c:|c+o !c ||^ |ouno+t|on. ioo,
|vC |nnov+t|on Ccntc:s |m,+ct c+sc stuoy n+| :c,o:t |ono:cs |vC. ioos
|CU| ^nnu+| oc||vc:y ,|+n :c,o:t ioos-o, :w|noon |CU| . ioo,
|O8||1: :|1 |o: succcss t|c su,,|y o| ,co,|c w|t| sc|cncc. tcc|no|ogy. cng|ncc:|ng +no m+t|cm+t|c+|
s||||s |ono:cs || 1:c+su:y. iooi
115
Cincia, tecnologia e inovao na Califrnia:
a perspectiva empresarial
Cllia Piragibe
1
1. Introduo
^ |nov+io sob + |o|m+ oc ocscnvo|v|mcnto c +ooio oc novos |ooutos c sc|v|os |occssos
|oout|vos m+|s cc|cntcs novos mooc|os cm|cs+||+|s cnt|c out|os c cons|oc|+o+ o m+|s |mo|-
t+ntc |+to| +|+ g+|+nt|| o c|csc|mcnto cconom|co c + mc||o||+ oo +o|io oc v|o+ o+ ou|+io
oos +|scs Os |oc+|s onoc sc conccnt|+m |noust||+s b+sc+o+s no con|cc|mcnto ocst+c+m-sc o|
c||+| cm|cgos bcm-+gos |ctc| |no|v|ouos t+|cntosos c +t|+|| nov+s |m+s |c|o|+noo +s cono|ocs
oc c|csc|mcnto o+ |cg|io
^ |cg|io oo V+|c oo |||c|o n+ C+|||o|n|+ tcm-sc ocst+c+oo muno|+|mcntc como g|+noc cc|c||o oc
|nov+ocs tccno|og|c+s cm scm|conouto|cs n+s |noust||+s oc |n|o|m+t|c+ c comun|c+ocs (|Cs) c
cm |ooutos c sc|v|os |c|+c|on+oos |ntc|nct ^cs+| o+ cx|stcnc|+ oc out|os |mo|t+ntcs ccnt|os
cconom|cos oc +|t+ tccno|og|+ nos |st+oos |n|oos o V+|c c c|ccb|oo como mcton|m|+ oc o|o
oc +|to contcuoo tccno|og|co cm n|vc| muno|+| ^os + c||sc o+s cm|cs+s onto-com cnt|c .oo.
c .oo| tcm oco|||oo mov|mcnto c|csccntc oc o|vc|s|c+io o+s |m+s |oc+|s sob|ctuoo cm mc|c+-
oos |c|+c|on+oos s tccno|og|+s ||m+s (cleantech) +||c+o+s +o scto| cnc|gct|co
^ o|nm|c+ c|cnt|c+ c tccno|og|c+ c + +ucnc|+ cconom|c+ ocss+ |cg|io cstio |c|+c|on+o+s +
oo|s con,untos oc |+to|cs |c um |+oo + cc+c|+ oos +||+n,os o|g+n|z+c|on+|s c |nst|tuc|on+|s cn-
t|c cm|cs+s c ocst+s com + |coc oc un|vc|s|o+ocs c |nst|tutos oc csu|s+ cm convc|tc| ||
cm |ooutos c sc|v|os tccno|og|cos comc|c|+|mcntc v|+vc|s |c out|o +s c+|+ctc||st|c+s oo cm-
|ccnocoo||smo |oc+| c + o|son|b|||o+oc oc |ccu|sos sob + |o|m+ c+|t+| oc ||sco uc con|c|cm
cscc|+| o|n+m|smo s cm|cs+s oc +|t+ tccno|og|+ n+ |cg|io c |cctcm-sc cm scus |csu|t+oos
cconom|cos c soc|+|s
1 C|c||+ ||:+g|bc c oouto:+ cm |conom|+ ,c|+ Un|vc:s|o+oc |coc:+| oo ||o oc |+nc|:o (U|||). +tu+|mcntc cxc:cc +t|v|o+ocs oc
,csu|s+ c consu|to:|+ cm :io |:+nc|sco (|U^)
116
Centro de G esto e Estudos Estratgicos
Cincia, Tecnologia e Inovao
Cllia Piragibe
|st+ not+ tccn|c+ ocscnvo|vc v|sio com|cmcnt+| + out|os +uto|cs ocstc ||o,cto +o |ct|+t+| + c|s-
cct|v+ cm|cs+||+| cm o|c|ccc| |ooutos c sc|v|os oc +|to contcuoo tccno|og|co c comc|c|+|mcn-
tc v|+vc|s cm mc|c+oos o|nm|cos c g|ob+||z+oos ^|cm o|sso cssc cn|ouc busc+ |n|o|m+| o||t|c+s
o||c|cnc|+o+s oc C| c |occo|mcntos o||c|cnc|+oos oc +v+||+io oos |csu|t+oos c |m+ctos oc t+|s
o||t|c+s nos scto|cs oc tccno|og|+ oc ont+ |o| conscucnc|+ t+| +bo|o+gcm t+ngcnc|+ |gu+|mcn-
tc o oom|n|o o+s o||t|c+s |noust||+|s
|+|+ +t|ng|| o ob,ct|vo |ctcno|oo o tcxto cst+ o|g+n|z+oo cm sc|s scocs ^s ou+s ||mc||+s co|-
|csonocm |cscct|v+mcntc ocsc||io suc|nt+ oc |no|c+oo|cs cconom|cos c o+ |n||+cst|utu|+ oc
|nov+io o+ C+|||o|n|+ uc o| su+ |obustcz c o|n+m|smo ,ust|c+m + |c|cvnc|+ ocss+ cxc||cnc|+
+|+ + |C| no ||+s||
|+ tc|cc||+ scio oo tcxto +|cscnt+mos + t|tu|o oc ||ust|+io um con,unto oc mco|o+s c |no|c+-
oo|cs |ntc|-|c|+c|on+oos ocscnvo|v|oos c|o |nst|tuto ||||cn |nst|tu|io think thank c+|||o|n|+n+ oc
c+|+tc| ub||co uc +v+||+ o ocscmcn|o |cccntc cm C| o+ C+|||o|n|+ cm |c|+io +os ocm+|s cst+-
oos no|tc-+mc||c+nos |ssc |cv+nt+mcnto |cunc |nvcnt+||o +b|+ngcntc oc +t|vos oc C cm |unio
o+ |mo|tnc|+ uc ||cs c +t||bu|o+ n+ nov+ |c+||o+oc o+ cconom|+ |nt+ng|vc|
^ scgu|| oco|c+mos um+ scio o|scussio o+ cscc|o+oc oo uso oc |unoos oc c+|t+| cm|ccn-
ocoo| (venture capital) n+ +|+v+nc+gcm o+s |m+s |nov+oo|+s c+|||o|n|+n+s |m|cs+s ||oc|cs oc +|t+
tccno|og|+ como ^|c Comutc| Ccncntcc| |ntc| |otus c ||c|oso|t cnt|c |numc|+s out|+s
|o|+m n+nc|+o+s o| |unoos oc vcntu|c c+|t+| ub||cos c ||v+oos cm scus cst+g|os |n|c|+|s
|+ u|nt+ scio cx+m|n+mos + |oc+||z+io c os +o|ocs oc c|csc|mcnto oc oczcnovc |noust||+s oc +|t+
tccno|og|+ nos |st+oos |n|oos |ssc bcnc|m+|||ng tcm o| b+sc vo|umc oc cm|cgos c m+ss+ s+|+||+|
nos ,o m+|o|cs tccnoo|os no|tc-+mc||c+nos (|nc|u|noo o C+n+o+) O V+|c oo |||c|o m+ntcm |oc-
m|ncnc|+ como m+|s |mo|t+ntc c|ustc| oc +|t+ tccno|og|+ nos |st+oos |n|oos c t+mbcm no munoo
||n+|mcntc n+ scxt+ scio o|scut|mos os c|c|tos |ctcno|oos c|o ^to oc |c|nvcst|mcnto c |ccu-
c|+io o+ ^mc||c+ (^||^) oc .oo, - um +cotc +nt|c|c||co |omu|g+oo c|o govc|no Ob+m+
oc cst|mu|o cconom|+ com |ov|sio oc |,;s; b|||ocs cm g+stos ub||cos c |scnocs sc+|s
nos +scctos +t|ncntcs s nov+s tccno|og|+s com ocst+uc +|+ os ocscnvo|v|mcntos cm cnc|-
g|+s ||m+s |cnov+vc|s
N o va g e ra o d e p o ltic a e m c i n c ia , te c n o lo g ia e in o va o
SEMINRIO INTERNACIONAL
117
Cincia, tecnologia e inovao na Califrnia: a perspectiva empresarial
2. Dimenso regional: o contexto californiano
^ C+|||o|n|+ ocst+c+-sc cnt|c os cst+oos no|tc-+mc||c+nos nio so c|+ o|mcnsio cconom|c+ c oc-
mog|+c+ m+s t+mbcm o| scu o|n+m|smo |nov+oo| c su+ ostu|+ oc v+ngu+|o+ cm |c|+io +
novos tcm+s O Co|ocn t+tc c o cst+oo m+|s ou|oso oos |st+oos |n|oos (,es m|||ocs oc |+b|-
t+ntcs ou +./ o+ ou|+io no|tc-+mc||c+n+) c c+|+ctc||z+oo o| m+|c+ntc o|vc|s|o+oc ctn|c+ ^
|cno+ csso+| c| c+|t+ c+|||o|n|+n+ (|, |,e|+) c ,/ suc||o| mco|+ no|tc-+mc||c+n+
O ^to ^|,. +|ov+oo cm .ooe c|os |cg|s|+oo|cs c+|||o|n|+nos |o| |onc||o nos |st+oos |n|oos
como |nst|umcnto ,u||o|co oc cont|o|c oo +ucc|mcnto g|ob+| |oonoo + |couio oos g+scs oc
c|c|to cstu|+ no cst+oo + n|vc|s oc +,,o +tc .o.o |+ mcsm+ m+nc||+ tcm s|oo cst+bc|cc|oos +-
o|ocs +|+ nov+s const|uocs vc|ocs c oc cc|cnc|+ cnc|gct|c+ +|+ +utomovc|s (^| +|,,) c c|c-
t|ooomcst|cos mct+s +|+ +ucccoo|cs oc +gu+ so|+|cs (^| +|;o) uc s|n+||z+m +s nov+s oo|tu-
n|o+ocs +|+ o cm|ccnocnoo||smo no cst+oo ^s cm|ssocs oc c+|bono c| c+|t+ sio mcnos o+
mct+oc o+ mco|+ +mc||c+n+ c vcm occ||n+noo ocsoc .oo,
^cs+| oo ccn+||o |cccss|vo v|v|oo c|+ C+|||o|n|+ c scu ocs++ntc occ|t o|+mcnt+||o o |oouto
|ntc|no b|uto (|||) oo cst+oo |,+s|e t||||io g+|+ntc-||c os|io oc cst+oo m+|s ||co no|tc-
+mc||c+no (+,/ oo ||| oos ||^ cm .oos) ^ cconom|+ c+|||o|n|+n+ cx|bc o o|t+vo m+|o| ||| mun-
o|+| cm scgu|o+ |t+||+ (|,.,+, t||||ocs) c suc||o| +o ||| b|+s||c||o (|, +e+. t||||ocs) c |usso
(|, + eos t||||ocs) |c|+ ot|c+ o+ +||o+oc oc ooc| oc com|+ (|||) scgunoo c+|cu|os oo ||| +
C+|||o|n|+ c + occ|m+ m+|o| cconom|+ scgu|noo |uss|+ |no|+ c ||+s||
|cns oc +|to contcuoo tccno|og|co como scm|conouto|cs |ooutos c|ct|on|cos c comut+oo-
|cs (onoc |nc|ucm-sc m+u|n+||+s +|tcs c comoncntcs ocst|n+oos + +t|v|o+ocs oc mont+gcm no
cxtc||o|) c +|tcs c moto|cs +|+ +c|on+vcs c|v|s ||oc|+m +s cxo|t+ocs oc mc|c+oo||+s c|o cst+-
oo |csmo com + |couio obsc|v+o+ cm .oo, (|,+.o b|||ocs ou .o/ |n|c||o| +o v+|o| |c+||z+oo
cm .oos) +s cxo|t+ocs c+|||o|n|+n+s cont||bu||+m cm ++,/ o+s vcno+s cxtc|n+s oc |ooutos c-
|os |st+oos |n|oos (|,+o|,e b|||ocs)
O |cx|co +|no+ |c|cscnt+ o ||nc|+| ocst|no o+s vcno+s cxtc|n+s oo cst+oo (|,+;, b|||ocs)
como |csu|t+oo oo |occsso oc |ntcg|+io |cg|on+| no mb|to oo |+|t+ Contuoo o comc|c|o oc
|ooutos c|ct|on|cos c comut+oo|cs occ||nou |o/ nos u|t|mos c|nco +nos |cct|noo + t|+ns-
|c|cnc|+ c|csccntc o+s +t|v|o+ocs oc mont+gcm ocsscs |ooutos +|+ + C||n+ c|+s subs|o|+||+s oc
cm|cs+s oo ocstc +mc||c+no C+n+o+ (|, +|, b|||ocs) |+io (|,+o, b|||ocs) c C||n+ (|, ,;
118
Centro de G esto e Estudos Estratgicos
Cincia, Tecnologia e Inovao
Cllia Piragibe
b|||ocs) ocst+c+|+m-sc como mc|c+oos +|+ +s cxo|t+ocs c+|||o|n|+n+s ^s vcno+s +|+ o mc|c+-
oo c||ncs +|cscnt+|+m m+|o| o|n+m|smo (++;/ oc cx+nsio cnt|c .oo. c .oos) cmbo|+ occ||n+s-
scm no u|t|mo +no
^s cxo|t+ocs +|+ |no|+ c ||+s|| +|cscnt+|+m cx|css|v+s t+x+s oc c|csc|mcnto ;,/ c ee/ |cs-
cct|v+mcntc cnt|c .oo, c .oos C+stos cst|m+oos cm |, ., b|||ocs cu|v+|cntcs + +e/ oo tot+|
cxo|t+oo con|c|||+m-||cs + +e+ c + +;+ os|io cnt|c os .o ||nc|+|s ocst|nos oos bcns cxo|t+-
oos c|+ C+|||o|n|+ cm .oos ^s |mo|t+ocs o+ C+|||o|n|+ |ovcn|cntcs oo ||+s|| (|, . b|||ocs cm
.oo;) conccnt|+|+m-sc |ooutos m+|s t|+o|c|on+|s cnu+nto +s cxo|t+ocs cn|+t|z+|+m bcns oc
+|t+ tccno|og|+
|mbo|+ o c|| oo |ntc|cmb|o comc|c|+| cnt|c ||+s|| c C+|||o|n|+ |c|t+ um+ o|v|sio oo t|+b+||o
t|+o|c|on+| cnt|c +|scs cm ocscnvo|v|mcnto c cconom|+s +v+n+o+s + c|ccio oo ||+s|| como
|mo|t+ntc g|ob+| t|+oc| no mc|c+oo oc commoo|t|cs (bcns +g||co|+s m|nc|+|s c o|cst+|s) o||un-
oc-sc cnt|c os cm|cs+||os c+|||o|n|+nos ||cocu+ocs +mb|cnt+|s uc cnvo|vcm t+nto + ocu+io
o+ ^m+zon|+ como + |mo|tnc|+ oc |ontcs |cnov+vc|s oc cnc|g|+ com cn|+sc cm b|ocombust|vc|s
sio |mo|t+ntcs c|cmcntos oc +|ox|m+io com + ccocu|tu|+ oo |st+oo
3. Infraestrutura de inovao
O s|stcm+ oc |nov+io oos |st+oos |n|oos n+s u|t|m+s ou+s occ+o+s c+|+ctc||z+-sc c|csccntcmcn-
tc c|os +||+n,os |ntc|o|g+n|z+c|on+|s s|tu+io uc |cctc + n+tu|cz+ m+|s cooc|+t|v+ c |ntc|o|sc|-
||n+| oo |occsso oc |nov+io c c|o +c| |c|cv+ntc o+s +gcnc|+s govc|n+mcnt+|s |+bo|+to||os
|coc|+|s c g|uos oc csu|s+ un|vc|s|t+||os ncssc |occsso |c +co|oo com ||oc| c |c||c| (.oos
e) o|vc|sos |+to|cs cx||c+m css+ muo+n+
(1) c|csccntc comct|io |ntc|n+c|on+| uc cncu|t+ os c|c|os oc v|o+ o+ tccno|og|+
(.) com|cx|o+oc o+s tccno|og|+s cmc|gcntcs uc cst+ +|cm o+s c++c|o+ocs oc || |ntc|n+s
o+s |m+s mcsmo o+s m+|o|cs cm|cs+s
(!) cx+nsio o+s c++c|o+ocs oc || cm m+|o| numc|o oc |noust||+s |cv+noo + uc o |n-
vcst|mcnto ncss+ t+|c|+s o|st||bu+-sc vc|t|c+|mcntc c|+s c+oc|+s oc o|c|t+ oc +|t+-tccno|og|+
+umcnt+noo + oss|b|||o+oc oc c|o+s oc v+|o| +g|cg+oo o| um+ cconom|+ |so|+o+mcntc c
N o va g e ra o d e p o ltic a e m c i n c ia , te c n o lo g ia e in o va o
SEMINRIO INTERNACIONAL
119
Cincia, tecnologia e inovao na Califrnia: a perspectiva empresarial
(4) c|csccntc numc|o oc +|scs uc |csonocm + css+s tcnocnc|+s c|+ |m|cmcnt+io oc no-
vos mcc+n|smos uc +umcnt+m + cc|cnc|+ o+ ||
|m+ |o|tc v+nt+gcm comct|t|v+ o+ |cg|io o+ b+|+ oc io ||+nc|sco (|+y ^|c+) c + o|son|b|||o+oc oc
+v+n+o+ |n||+cst|utu|+ oc || uc sc ocst+c+ cm n|vc| |ntc|n+c|on+| u+t|o |cnom+o+s un|vc|s|o+-
ocs sio o |u|c|o ocss+ cst|utu|+ t+n|o|o |n|vc|s|o+oc o+ C+|||o|n|+ (|C) |c||c|cy |C +n ||+nc|sco c
|C |+v|s ^|o|+ + cxcc|cnc|+ +c+ocm|c+ csscs ccnt|os ocscnvo|vcm csu|s+s oc ||ontc||+ c +s t|+ns|c-
|cm ,unto com scus mc||o|cs +|unos +|+ o scto| ||v+oo |mu|s|on+noo + s|nc|g|+ |oc+|
Como +tcst+ + ||tc|+tu|+ sob|c o V+|c oo |||c|o (cx t+|| .oo,) + m+|o||+ o+s cm|cs+s ||oc|cs
o+ |cg|io - |cw|ctt-|+c|+|o |ntc| Ccncntcc| c mu|t+s out|+s |o|+m c||+o+s + +|t|| oc s|n-os
ocss+s |nst|tu|ocs ^|gum+s un|vc|s|o+ocs ou |nst|tutos +tu+m oc m+nc||+ u+sc +n+|og+ +os c+|-
t+||st+s oc ||sco +,uo+noo o |no|v|ouo + cncont|+| |nvcst|oo|cs c +om|n|st|+oo|cs cxc||cntcs uc
oss+m gc||| + |m+
|cst+uc-sc |gu+|mcntc + |cscn+ oc |mo|t+ntcs |+bo|+to||os |coc|+|s ||g+oos +os |c+|t+mcn-
tos oc |nc|g|+ (|O|) c |c|cs+ (|O|) n+ cxccuio c n+nc|+mcnto o+ csu|s+ b+s|c+ c +||c+o+
|u|t+s ocss+s |nst|tu|ocs |o|+m c||+o+s no c||ooo o+ guc||+ |||+ +co|+o+s +o com|cxo m|||t+|-
ocs+c|+| |ss+ cst|utu|+ c+|+ctc||z+-sc como s|stcm+ |+o|c+|mcntc ocsccnt|+||z+oo com |+t|c+-
mcntc ncn|um+ coo|ocn+io ccnt|+| cu,o ocst+uc |cc+| cm scus noou|os ||nc|+|s os g|+nocs
|+bo|+to||os |coc|+|s
|c +co|oo +|no+ com ||oc| c |c||c| (.oos) csscs |+bo|+to||os convc|tc|+m-sc cm ccnt|os oc |nov+-
io cm occ+o+s |cccntcs + ,u|g+| c|o |no|c+oo| oc numc|o oc |cm|os |cccb|oos o+ || |+g+-
z|nc (cm mco|+ ,, o| +no cnt|c +,s, c .ooe) uc + c+o+ +no sc|cc|on+ +s +oo mc||o|cs |nvcnocs
|nco|o|+o+s cm |ooutos comc|c|+|s
^ m+|o| +|tc o+s |nov+ocs +|t|u oos |+bo|+to||os oo |c+|t+mcnto oc |nc|g|+ Os t|+b+||os
|cm|+oos |o|+m ocscnvo|v|oos c|os |+bo|+to||os |coc|+|s sc,+ com cm|cs+s sc,+ com un|vc|s|-
o+ocs ou com +mb+s |m .ooe o| cxcm|o o |+bo|+to||o |+c|on+| |+w|cncc ||vc|mo|c (||||)
|cccbcu sctc |cm|os oos u+|s oo|s ocscnvo|v|oos |ntc||+mcntc c|o |||| um cm con,unto com +
|n|vc|s|o+oc oc |c||c|cy c os ocm+|s cm co|+bo|+io com cucn+s c mco|+s cm|cs+s
Os |nvcst|mcntos |coc|+| c cst+ou+| cm |nst|tu|ocs oc csu|s+ +v+n+o+ n+ |cg|io gc|+m cxtc|n+-
||o+ocs sob + |o|m+ oc c||+io oc |+bo|+to||os oc csu|s+ |noccnocntcs ^ || |ntc|n+t|on+| o|
cxcm|o c s|no oc t+n|o|o (+ntcs c|+m+o+ t+n|o|o |csc+|c| |nst|tutc) ||vc|sos |+bo|+to||os oc
g|+nocs cm|cs+s como Xc|ox |+|o ^|to |csc+|c| Ccntc| |cw|ctt-|+c|+|o ||| (^|m+ocn |csc+|c|
Ccntc| c out|os cm io |osc) |oc||cco-|+|t|n un ||c|osystcms c out|os cstio |cscntcs n+ |cg|io
120
Centro de G esto e Estudos Estratgicos
Cincia, Tecnologia e Inovao
Cllia Piragibe
^s o||t|c+s govc|n+mcnt+|s cst+ou+|s c |coc|+|s +|+ os scto|cs oc cnc|g|+ c oc |otcio +mb|cnt+|
+|t|cu|+|mcntc no toc+ntc ucstio o+ muo+n+ c||m+t|c+ to|n+m-sc |gu+|mcntc |mo|t+n-
tcs comoncntcs oc cst|mu|o +o ocscnvo|v|mcnto oc csu|s+s cont||bu|noo +ss|m t+mbcm +|+
o |o|t+|cc|mcnto o+ cu|tu|+ cm|ccnocoo|+ |oc+| |xcm|o |cccntc c + c||+io oo |o|nt ||o|nc|gy
|nst|tutc (||||) |oc+||z+oo n+ +|c+ o+ |+|+ oc io ||+nc|sco um oos t|cs ccnt|os oc csu|s+ cm b|o-
combust|vc|s c||+oos c|o |o| com b+sc cm |c+||+n,os oc su+ cst|utu|+ oc csu|s+s ,+ cx|stcntcs
c |nvcst|mcntos oc |, .,o m|||ocs
O |||| c ||oc|+oo c|o |+w|cncc |c||c|cy (||||) cm +|cc||+ com out|os oo|s |+bo|+to||os n+c|o-
n+|s +no|+ (||) |+w|cncc ||vc|mo|c (||||) os c+mus o+ |n|vc|s|o+oc o+ C+|||o|n|+ cm |c||c|cy
c |+v|s c o |nst|tuto C+|ncg|c +|+ C|cnc|+ cm |+|o ^|to um+ o|g+n|z+io ||v+o+ scm ns |uc|+-
t|vos ^ m|ssio u|nucn+| oo |||| c +v+n+| o ocscnvo|v|mcnto o+ |ox|m+ gc|+io oc b|ocom-
bust|vc|s us+noo b|om+ss+ cc|u|os|c+ c m|c|ob|os |+|+ |+c|||t+| + t|+ns|c|cnc|+ o+s ocscobc|t+s c
|nov+ocs |n|c|+t|v+ ||v+o+ |o| c||+oo um |og|+m+ oc +|cc||+s com + |noust||+ uc c|m|tc s
cm|cs+s oc cnc|g|+ +g|obus|ncss c b|otccno|og|+ cont||bu|| com o |nst|tuto c to|n+|-sc mcmb|o
oc su+ comun|o+oc oc csu|s+
^ cxc||cnc|+ |cccntc oos |st+oos |n|oos n+ busc+ o+ ||oc|+n+ o+s tccno|og|+s ||m+s ||ust|+ +
com|cx+ +|t|cu|+io cm |c||cc t|||+ (|tz|ow|tz c |cyocsoo| .oo+) o+s |ntc|+ocs un|vc|s|o+-
oc-|noust||+-govc|no ^s un|vc|s|o+ocs cm|ccnocoo|+s (sob|ctuoo + +|t|| oc scus |+bo|+to||os)
tcm ostu|+ |o-+t|v+ +o +||c+| con|cc|mcntos c +m||+| o s+bc| +c+ocm|co |+ mco|o+ uc +s
cm|cs+s +umcnt+m scu n|vc| tccno|og|co c|+s sc +|ox|m+m oo mooc|o +c+ocm|co cng+,+noo-sc
cm +t+m+|cs suc||o|cs oc t|c|n+mcnto c com+|t|||+noo con|cc|mcntos O govc|no (o| mc|o
oo |c+|t+mcnto oc |nc|g|+) +gc como cm|cs+||o ub||co c c+|t+||st+ oc ||sco +|cm oc scu +c|
|cgu|+to||o t|+o|c|on+|
4. Situao da Califrnia em PCTI: uma anlise comparativa
|m oos |oos|tos ocstc t|+b+||o c sugc||| |no|c+oo|cs uc oss+m sc| +||c+oos cm |occssos
occ|so||os c oc +v+||+io o+ |C| |uz o+ cxc||cnc|+ o+ C+|||o|n|+ Com cssc ob,ct|vo tom+mos
o| b+sc o|vc|sos |c|+to||os |oouz|oos c|o |nst|tuto ||||cn |nst|tu|io t||n| t|+n| c+|||o|n|+n+
oc c+|+tc| ub||co scm ns |uc|+t|vos uc +v+||+ o ocscmcn|o |cccntc cm C| o+ C+|||o|n|+ cm
|c|+io +os ocm+|s cst+oos no|tc-+mc||c+nos
N o va g e ra o d e p o ltic a e m c i n c ia , te c n o lo g ia e in o va o
SEMINRIO INTERNACIONAL
121
Cincia, tecnologia e inovao na Califrnia: a perspectiva empresarial
|mbo|+ |ccon|cccnoo uc + cst|utu|+ ocsccnt|+||z+o+ o+s o||t|c+s oc C| oos |st+oos |n|oos
bcm como os g|uos +t|vos ncss+s +|c+s nio cncont|+ co||csonocnc|+ cm noss+ cxc||cnc|+ ||s-
to||c+ cssc cxc|c|c|o |n|c|+| ooc cnsc,+| ocb+tc sob|c noss+s cscc|o+ocs c +ux|||+| n+ ocn|io
oos |no|c+oo|cs c b+scs oc o+oos +ocu+o+s +|+ o o||cnt+| o c+so b|+s||c||o
Os t|+b+||os oo |nst|tuto ||||cn tcm o| b+sc um con,unto oc mco|o+s c |no|c+oo|cs |ntc||c|+-
c|on+oos uc |cunc um |nvcnt+||o +b|+ngcntc oc +t|vos oc C cm |unio o+ |mo|tnc|+ uc
||cs c +t||bu|o+ n+ nov+ |c+||o+oc o+ cconom|+ oo con|cc|mcnto (|o|+y c |unov+|| +,,e OC||
+,,e+) Os mcc+n|smos o+ |osc||o+oc cconom|c+ ncss+ v|sio tcm o| b+sc + c++c|o+oc oos
+|scs ou |cg|ocs +t|+||cm ou cx+no||cm o con|cc|mcnto cmbut|oo cm +t|vos c convc|tc-|os cm
v+|o| cconom|co
|+ cconom|+ b+sc+o+ cm +t|vos |nt+ng|vc|s (|on+|+ c +|cuc|| +,,, ^no|csscn .oo|) concc|tos
como +tcntcs o||c|tos +uto|+|s |c|+ocs com c||cntcs v+|o| o+ m+|c+ |o,ctos |nst|tuc|on+|s un|-
cos v+|o| oc |utu|os |ooutos c sc|v|os c c+|t+| cst|utu|+| (cu|tu|+ co|o|+t|v+ s|stcm+s c |occs-
sos) to|n+m-sc c+o+ vcz m+|s |mo|t+ntcs +|+ +s |m+s
Contuoo c |uno+mcnt+| uc o |oc+| o|son|+ oc |n||+cst|utu|+ uc ||c c|m|t+ c+|t+||z+| comc|-
c|+||z+| c +tu+||z+| scus +t|vos |nt+ng|vc|s oc m+nc||+ + comct|| num +mb|cntc |ntc|n+c|on+| c+|+c-
tc||z+oo c|+ cc|c||o+oc o+ muo+n+ |ss+s cono|ocs cx||c+m cm +|tc o succsso o+ C+|||o|n|+ n+
comct|io com out|os cst+oos c cm csc+|+ muno|+|
^ m+|o| +|tc oo v+|o| n+ cconom|+ |nt+ng|vc| cst+ ||g+o+ +o cstouc oc |ccu|sos |um+nos o+s |-
m+s c +os |oc+|s onoc c|cs |cs|ocm Conscucntcmcntc + c++c|o+oc oos +|scs oos cst+oos c oos
|ug+|cs cm +t|+|| csscs |ccu|sos c v|t+| n+ cu+io comct|t|v+ |+|+ |sso oocm v+|c|-sc oc scus
+t|+t|vos sc,+ cm tc|mos oc oocs oc |+zc| (cx + |ox|m|o+oc o+ |+|+) sc,+ c|+ |cv+|cnc|+ oc
um+ cu|tu|+ |nov+oo|+ +|+ +t|+|| ou |ctc| csscs |no|v|ouos ^ c||+io oc +mb|cntc c|cnc oc c||+-
t|v|o+oc |now-|ow m+nu|+tu|c||o c |n||+cst|utu|+ oc +o|o too+v|+ c occ|s|v+ um+ vcz uc os
custos oc t|+ns+io sio |c|+t|v+mcntc b+|xos no +mb|cntc o+s +|t+s tccno|og|+s to|n+noo + com-
ct|io muno|+||z+o+
|+ mcsm+ m+nc||+ os |ug+|cs uc o|socm oc |m+s c |noust||+s c++c|t+o+s + ocscnvo|vc| +||c+-
ocs sost|c+o+s c cm o|sscm|n+| +s tccno|og|+s o+ |n|o|m+io +|cm oc |oouz|-|+s tcm v+nt+gcm
comct|t|v+ ^ m+|o||+ o+s cm|cs+s |ccon|ccc uc o |nvcst|mcnto m+c|o cm |Cs ooc +cc|c|+|
o c|c|o oc ocscnvo|v|mcnto oos |ooutos ocsoc uc +uc|cs |ccu|sos sc,+m |o||+mcntc |o,ct+-
122
Centro de G esto e Estudos Estratgicos
Cincia, Tecnologia e Inovao
Cllia Piragibe
oos c |nst+|+oos |ss+s tccno|og|+s cstio muo+noo o cont|o|c ||c|+|u|co vc|t|c+||z+oo +|+ out|o
|o||zont+| uc tcm o| b+sc |cocs cm|cs+||+|s o|g+n|z+o+s c o|nm|c+s onoc + co|+bo|+io c o
c|cmcnto ccnt|+|
^s nov+s tccno|og|+s oc out|+ +|tc |c|o|+m +|no+ m+|s + o|t+t|b|||o+oc oos cm|cgos ^ss|m
n+ v|sio oo |nst|tuto + ||nc|+| +mc++ +|+ os |st+oos |n|oos no toc+ntc cconom|+ |nt+ng|vc|
vcm o+ ^s|+ - C||n+ |no|+ C|ng+u|+ cnt|c out|os Os +|scs csc+no|n+vos sio t+mbcm +ont+oos
como ||v+|s nos scto|cs oc +|t+ tccno|og|+ O |cto|no oc cx+t||+oos |cs|ocntcs nos ||^ +umcnt+
+t|+|oos c|+s oo|tun|o+ocs oc ncgoc|os cm cx+nsio cm scus +|scs oc o||gcm
^ +n+||sc subscucntc |cco||c com+|+io c cont|+stc (bcnc|m+|||ng) o+ s|tu+io o+ C+|||o|n|+ c
cm +|t|cu|+| o+ |cg|io o+ b+|+ oc io ||+nc|sco (onoc sc |oc+||z+ o V+|c oo |||c|o) com + oc out|os
cst+oos +mc||c+nos ||oc|cs cm tc|mos oc |ccu|sos c|cnt|cos c tccno|og|cos c +t|vos cconom|cos
|c|+c|on+oos ^ mco|o+ uc cx+m|n+|mos c+o+ |no|cc comosto ocscnvo|v|oo c|o |nst|tuto ||-
||cn |o|nccc|cmos um+ b|cvc ocsc||io oos |no|c+oo|cs c um sum+||o oos |csu|t+oos o+s csu|s+s
m+|s |cccntcs |m +ncxo + cst+ not+ tccn|c+ +|cscnt+mos + cnumc|+io ocsscs |no|c+oo|cs c su+s
|ontcs cst+t|st|c+s
4.1. ndice composto dos insumos em pesquisa e desenvolvimento
|stc c o ||mc||o con,unto oc |no|c+oo|cs (+s mco|o+s) ut|||z+oo +|+ +v+||+io com+|+t|v+ oo
ocscmcn|o oos cst+oos no|tc-+mc||c+nos ^u| sc cx+m|n+ + |+b|||o+oc cm +t|+|| o||c|cntcs t|-
os oc |ccu|sos n+ncc||os +|+ +s +t|v|o+ocs oc || (|ccu|sos |coc|+|s o+ |noust||+ ||v+o+ c o+
+c+ocm|+) c su+ +||c+io C+o+ um ocsscs comoncntcs c com+|+oo + |no|c+oo|cs sc|cc|on+oos
(ou|+io |oouto cst+ou+| b|uto numc|o oc cst+bc|cc|mcntos)
^ C+|||o|n|+ s|tu+-sc cnt|c os c|nco ||nc|+|s cst+oos oos ||^ cm m+tc||+ oc g+stos cm || c|+
|noust||+ uc o| scu mont+ntc suc|+ os g+stos |coc|+|s ou os oo scto| +c+ocm|co com || cm-
bo|+ n+ |+t|c+ c|cs cstc,+m |ntc||c|+c|on+oos |cssc u|t|mo |tcm obsc|vou-sc occ|csc|mo cm tc|-
mos oc g+stos c| c+|t+ most|+noo uc os |og|+m+s +c+ocm|cos oc C tcm |cccb|oo mcno|cs
oot+ocs |c|+t|v+mcntc + out|os cst+oos como |csu|t+oo oos succss|vos co|tcs o|+mcnt+||os |c+-
||z+oos c|o Co|ocn t+tc n+ tcnt+t|v+ oc |couz|| scu cno|v|o+mcnto
|o comuto gc|+| + C+|||o|n|+ c|+ss|cou-sc cm tc|cc||o |ug+| c m+ntcvc cn|+sc oc g+stos cm ||
n+s c|cnc|+s o+ v|o+ c o+ comut+io O |o|t+|cc|mcnto ocsscs c+mos oo con|cc|mcnto ,ust|c+-
N o va g e ra o d e p o ltic a e m c i n c ia , te c n o lo g ia e in o va o
SEMINRIO INTERNACIONAL
123
Cincia, tecnologia e inovao na Califrnia: a perspectiva empresarial
||+ + |o|tc +t|+io c|o cst+oo o| +|tc oc cm|cs+s o+s +|c+s oc b|omco|c+ c oc n+notccno|og|+
O +umcnto |cccntc oos g+stos cm || n+s c|cnc|+s +g||co|+s o| su+ vcz |cctc o |ntc|cssc c+||-
|o|n|+no c|os ocscnvo|v|mcntos oc b|oo|csc| c oc tccno|og|+ cc|u|os|c+ ^ busc+ oc nov+s tccn|c+s
+g||co|+s c ocscnvo|v|mcnto oc tccno|og|+s ||m+s |c|cscnt+ um n|c|o +|+ cm|cs+s n+sccntcs
otcnc|+|s bcncc|+||+s oos |og|+m+s |coc|+|s oc +o|o |nov+io oo t|o |||;|
4.2. ndice composto de investimento em recursos humanos
|stc con,unto oc |no|c+oo|cs mcoc + u+nt|o+oc (cstouc) oc |oss|on+|s c os |nvcst|mcntos (u-
xos) cm ocscnvo|v|mcnto oc |ccu|sos |um+nos c|os o||c|cntcs cst+oos cm o|vc|sos |+mos o+ c|-
cnc|+ c o+s cngcn|+||+s |os scto|cs oc +|t+ tccno|og|+ + couc+io cm c|cnc|+ c cngcn|+||+ cst+ sob
|o|tc ocm+no+ c + || |cuc| n|vc| c|cv+oo oc con|cc|mcnto c t|c|n+mcnto cscc|+||z+oo |nt|c
os |no|c+oo|cs c+|cu|+-sc + c|ccnt+gcm o+ ou|+io uc |cccbcu couc+io suc||o| + |oo|io
o+uc|cs |o|m+oos cm c|cnc|+s c cngcn|+||+ o +o|o cst+t+| couc+io suc||o| bcm como + o||u-
sio o+s tccno|og|+s o+ |n|o|m+io no con,unto o+ ou|+io cnt|c out|os |sscs |no|c+oo|cs sio um
+|mct|o oc u+nto os cst+oos cstio |c+|+oos +|+ sustcnt+| + o|c|t+ oc cscc|+||st+s cm C
Como o|scut|mos +ntc||o|mcntc o con|cc|mcnto c + c++c|o+oc |nov+oo|+ oos |ccu|sos |um+nos
(c+|t+| |ntc|cctu+|) sio ccnt|+|s cconom|+ oo con|cc|mcnto con|c||noo v+nt+gcm comct|t|v+ s
|cg|ocs onoc c|cs sc |oc+||z+m |m|cs+s |ntcns|v+s cm tccno|og|+ +|cscnt+m c+|t+||z+io oc mc|c+-
oo mu|t+s vczcs +o + .o vczcs suc||o| +o v+|o| oc scus +t|vos ||s|cos |oc+|s ou |cg|ocs com conccn-
t|+io oc t+|cntos +t|+cm |m+s oc tccno|og|+ cm cont|+stc +o mooc|o |o|o|st+ onoc +s occ|socs oc
|oc+||z+io o+s cm|cs+s no|tc+v+m-sc c|+ |ox|m|o+oc +os |o|ncccoo|cs c +os consum|oo|cs
Cc|c+ oc ,o/ oos c+|||o|n|+nos +c|m+ oc ., +nos ossucm +o mcnos cu|so suc||o| (cm |+ss+-
c|usctts cssc c|ccntu+| c suc||o| + |o/) O |csu|t+oo c mc||o| +|+ os-g|+ou+oos (+o/) m+s
com+|+t|v+mcntc o cst+oo c|+ss|c+-sc cm +,o |ug+| no |+n||ng n+c|on+| Os mc||o|cs |csu|t+oos
+|+ + C+|||o|n|+ |nc|ucm (|) o +|to c|ccntu+| o+ ou|+io com m+|s oc ., +nos com |||s (||) o
numc|o oc cngcn|c||os oouto|cs +|+ c+o+ +ooooo |+b|t+ntcs (|||) + c|ccnt+gcm oc b+c|+|c|s cm
c|cnc|+s c cngcn|+||+
|+us |csu|t+oos cm tcstcs vc|b+|s (^) oc cstuo+ntcs uc sio +|tc oos c||tc||os oc csco||+ +|+
+ccsso un|vc|s|o+oc contuoo com|ov+m uc o cst+oo tcm |+||+oo cm couc+| + |o|+ oc t|+-
b+||o |utu|+ cscc|+|mcntc + c|csccntc ou|+io |+t|n+ ||cu|o+ocs o|+mcnt+||+s - c t+mbcm
+s occo||cntcs o+ cx+nsio ou|+c|on+| - +,uo+m + csc|+|ccc| +|c|+|mcntc o o|uc o+ s|tu+io
124
Centro de G esto e Estudos Estratgicos
Cincia, Tecnologia e Inovao
Cllia Piragibe
|ct+|o+t+||+ oo s|stcm+ couc+c|on+| o+ C+|||o|n|+ no +tcno|mcnto |utu|o s ocm+no+s oc su+s |n-
oust||+s oc +|t+ tccno|og|+
|m tc|mos oc couc+io sccuno+||+ co|tcs o|+mcnt+||os tcm +c+||ct+oo ocm|ssocs oc |o|csso|cs
c |couio oc v+g+s |o ccn+||o |cccss|vo v|gcntc cx|stc ouc+ c|+ncc +|+ mc||o|+s n+ couc+io
ub||c+ no cu|to |+zo u+nto +o s|stcm+ un|vc|s|t+||o + |n|vc|s|o+oc o+ C+|||o|n|+ c o s|stcm+
C+| t+tc t+mbcm cstio submct|oos + |cst||ocs n+ncc||+s c o +umcnto n+s +nu|o+ocs co|oc+m +
couc+io suc||o| |o|+ oo +|c+ncc oc mu|tos ,ovcns
|cct|noo css+s o|cu|o+ocs o numc|o oc +|unos cst|+ngc||os cm cu|sos oc os-g|+ou+io tcm sc
|couz|oo sob|ctuoo n+s +|c+s oc c|cnc|+ cngcn|+||+ c m+tcm+t|c+ com m+|o| uco+ n+s +||c+-
ocs c|os cstuo+ntcs oc +|scs +s|+t|cos Conscucnc|+ |nocsc,+o+ o+s |cst||ocs oc v|stos +oot+-
o+s +|+ cstuo+ntcs oco|s oc .oo+ un|vc|s|o+ocs cst|+ngc||+s +ss+|+m + +t|+|| os c+no|o+tos m+|s
t+|cntosos |csu|t+oo cssc +g|+v+oo c|o +umcnto n+s +nu|o+ocs +|+ nio-|cs|ocntcs no s|stcm+
un|vc|s|t+||o c+|||o|n|+no
4.3. ndice composto da fora de trabalho em cincia e tecnologia (C&T)
|stc |no|cc comoc-sc oc +s |no|c+oo|cs uc |cvc|+m + |ntcns|o+oc o+ |o|+ oc t|+b+||o cm C
- ocn|o+ c|+ +|t|c|+io c|ccntu+| oo cm|cgo cm um+ |noust||+ ou ocu+io cscc|c+ cm
|c|+io +o cm|cgo tot+| oo cst+oo - cm t|cs +|c+s ocu+c|on+|s (|) cscc|+||st+s cm c|cnc|+ o+ |n|o|-
m+io c o+ comut+io (||) c|cnt|st+s cm ||s|c+ c cm c|cnc|+s o+ v|o+ c (|||) cngcn|c||os C+o+ um
ocsscs +g|u+mcntos c subo|v|o|oo cm sc|s comoncntcs uc mcocm + |ntcns|o+oc oo cm|cgo
cm v+||os c+mos o+ C
^s |cg|ocs uc o|socm oc |o|tc conccnt|+io oc t|+b+||o tccn|co c c|cnt|co u+||c+oo tcm v+n-
t+gcm no |occsso comct|t|vo sob|ctuoo u+noo scus s|stcm+s oc |nov+io cstio o|g+n|z+oos
cm cst|utu|+s co|+bo|+t|v+s com csu|s+ |o,cto c |oouio |ntcg|+oos num |occsso oc +|cn-
o|z+oo o|nm|co c |ntc|+t|vo ^ cscc|+||z+io bcncc|+ +s cm|cs+s |oc+||z+o+s ncsscs c|ustc|s
c|+ |+c|||o+oc cm cont|+t+| |oss|on+|s com c|| +ocu+oo bcm como c|+ |ot+t|v|o+oc oos
|oss|on+|s cnt|c +s o||c|cntcs cm|cs+s
|ssc +mb|cntc +t|+| |oss|on+|s oc out|+s |cg|ocs c cst|mu|+ os |cccm g|+ou+oos + c|m+nccc|
nc|+ |+vo|cccnoo o |ntc|cmb|o oc con|cc|mcnto t+c|to o uc cont||bu| +|+ cst|mu|+| o c|csc|-
mcnto |cg|on+| |mbo|+ oo onto oc v|st+ o+
N o va g e ra o d e p o ltic a e m c i n c ia , te c n o lo g ia e in o va o
SEMINRIO INTERNACIONAL
125
Cincia, tecnologia e inovao na Califrnia: a perspectiva empresarial
|m+ |no|v|ou+| + t|+nsm|ssio oc +v+nos nio-coo|c+oos cnt|c |oss|on+|s oss+ sc| c|ccb|oo
como cxtc|n+||o+oc ncg+t|v+ +|+ + |cg|io o com+|t|||+mcnto oc novos con|cc|mcntos ooc |c-
|cscnt+| v+nt+gcm comct|t|v+ O V+|c oo |||c|o c+|||o|n|+no c cxcm|o ocss+ s|tu+io +|cscn-
t+noo um mc|c+oo oc t|+b+||o c+|+ctc||z+oo o| |ntcns+ mob|||o+oc onoc + u|ocz |mu|s|on+ +
+t|v|o+oc cm|ccnocoo|+ n+ |cg|io
^ C+|||o|n|+ +|cscnt+ |o|tc |ntcns|o+oc oc cngcn|c||os b|omco|cos oc cngcn|c||os c|ct|on|cos c oc
cngcn|c||os oc |+|ow+|c comut+c|on+| (cm |c|+io s |cscct|v+s mco|+s n+c|on+|s) |c out|+ +|-
tc |ouvc |couio oo cm|cgo oos |oss|on+|s oc c|cnc|+s o+ |n|o|m+io c oc comut+io (+e++
+|+ c+o+ +oo m|| t|+b+||+oo|cs cm .oos cont|+ |cscct|v+mcntc .,,+ cm .oo.) |+to +t||bu|oo
||nc|+|mcntc +o ocs|oc+mcnto +|+ o cxtc||o| (outsou|c|ng) oc oc|+ocs oc +o|o oc|+c|on+|
(b+c|-o cc) cm occo||cnc|+ oos co||csonocntcs mcno|cs custos oc mio-oc-ob|+
|o| out|o |+oo + |o|+ ||nc|+| o+ C+|||o|n|+ |cs|o|||+ n+ |ntcns|o+oc obsc|v+o+ n+s c+tcgo||+s oc
c|cnt|st+s oc c|cnc|+s o+ v|o+ (b|ou|m|cos b|o||s|cos c mco|cos) c oc c|cnt|st+s ||s|cos (+,, +|+
c+o+ g|uo oc +oo m|| t|+b+||+oo|cs) ^ |ntcns|o+oc oc cngcn|c||os (e|; +|+ c+o+ +oo m|| cm|c-
g+oos n+ C+|||o|n|+) t|+ouz|||+ |gu+|mcntc out|o |no|c+oo| oc |o|tc ocscmcn|o cst+ou+| cm |c|+-
io +os ocm+|s conco||cntcs n+c|on+|s |o comuto gc|+| + C+|||o|n|+ c|+ss|cou-sc cm scxto |ug+|
cnt|c os cst+oos cm .oos cm os|io occ||n+ntc ocsoc .oo. (u+noo o|sut+v+ com |+ss+c|u-
sctts + ||oc|+n+ n+c|on+|)
5. Capital de risco e infraestrutura empresarial
|+s u|t|m+s t|cs occ+o+s os |unoos oc c+|t+| cm|ccnocoo| (vcntu|c c+|t+|) nos |st+oos |n|oos
cxc||mcnt+|+m c|csc|mcnto |ntcnso O +o|tc +nu+| oc |ccu|sos ncsscs |unoos oc ||sco cx+no|u-
sc v||tu+|mcntc oc zc|o cm mc+oos o+ occ+o+ oc sctcnt+ +|+ um +|cc oc |,+o, b|||ocs cm
.ooo Os |nvcst|mcntos o| csscs |unoos scgucm +s scgu|ntcs c+|+ctc||st|c+s
(1) +ost+s cm cm|ccno|mcntos c+|+ctc||z+oos o| nov+ tccno|og|+ novos concc|tos oc m+-
||ct|ng c nov+s oss|b|||o+ocs oc +||c+io oo |oouto
(.) s|gn|||c+t|v+ nio ncccss+||+mcntc cont|o|+oo|+ +|t|c|+io oc |nvcst|oo|cs n+ gcstio
o+ cm|cs+
126
Centro de G esto e Estudos Estratgicos
Cincia, Tecnologia e Inovao
Cllia Piragibe
(!) |ooutos c |occssos uc tcn|+m +ss+oo oo cst+g|o cmb||on+||o c uc sc,+m +ocu+o+-
mcntc |otcg|oos o| +tcntcs o||c|tos +uto|+|s c +co|oos oc comc|c|o s|g||osos (m+|s |cccntc-
ccmcntc cssc |tcm tcm sc |c|c||oo + |nvcst|mcntos cm s|tu+ocs onoc + |n|o|m+io c |c|c||o+
como |o||co+oc |ntc|cctu+|)
(4) c|scct|v+ oc uc cm +|guns +nos + |m+ +o|+o+ +b|||+ scu c+|t+| (o|c|t+ ub||c+ |n|c|+|
oc +ocs - ||O) ou sc|+ vcno|o+ cm|cs+ cst+bc|cc|o+
Os c+|t+||st+s oc ||sco (vcntu|c c+|t+||sts) cont|o|+m +s +t|v|o+ocs oo |unoo c||+oo com |ccu|sos
oc |nvcst|oo|cs |sscs +tu+m como +|cc||os ||m|t+oos ou sc,+ suc|v|s|on+m m+s nio sc cnvo|-
vcm n+ +om|n|st|+io oo |unoo |||m+s oc vcntu|c c+|t+|(VC) +mc||c+n+s |+|+mcntc |nvcstcm cm
cm|cs+s |n|c|+ntcs |ovos cm|ccnocoo|cs +|+ |cv+nt+| |ccu|sos n+ncc||os oco|s oc csgot+|
|ccu|sos |o||os ou o+ |+m|||+ c +m|gos |cco||cm comun|o+oc oc ^n,os(^ngc| |nvcsto|s) |coc
m+|s |n|o|m+| oc |no|v|ouos ||cos uc |nvcstcm cm cm|cs+s scgunoo scus |o||os |ntc|csscs
|sscs |unoos busc+m +|t+s t+x+s oc |cto|no cm c||ooo ocn|oo c +|+ |sso +ost+m cm cm|cs+s
uc +|cscnt+m g|+noc otcnc|+| oc c|csc|mcnto c c++c|o+oc |nov+oo|+ |sscs |occssos contuoo
c+|+ctc||z+m-sc o| c|cv+oo g|+u oc |ncc|tcz+ c +ss|mct||+s oc |n|o|m+io cnt|c cm|cs+||os c |nvcs-
t|oo|cs sio ||cucntcs |u|t+s ocss+s cm|cs+s ossucm +t|vos |nt+ng|vc|s o|||cc|s oc sc|cm +v+||+oos
c cm +|guns c+sos |moss|vc|s oc sc|cm comc|c|+||z+oos c+so o cm|ccno|mcnto ||+c+ssc
^s cscc|o+ocs oo |oouto ou sc|v|o sio occ|s|v+s n+ occ|sio oo VC cm +o|t+| |ccu|sos + um+
|m+ oc +|t+ tccno|og|+ m+s + +|xio oo cm|ccnocoo| c o t+|cnto oo co|o +om|n|st|+t|vo scn|o|
t+mbcm sio octc|m|n+ntcs c||t|cos ncssc |occsso occ|so||o ^s ocst|n+ocs oc VC sio |mo|t+n-
tc mco|o+ oo cst+g|o +v+n+oo oc comc|c|+||z+io oc nov+s tccno|og|+s c oc |nov+ocs com b+sc
cm concc|tos cm|cs+||+|s
Os |nvcst|mcntos ||v+oos oc VC + +|t|| o+ occ+o+ oc o|tcnt+ conccnt|+|+m-sc n+s cm|cs+s oc
tccno|og|+ o+ |n|o|m+io c o+ +|c+ oc s+uoc sob|ctuoo n+s |m+s |oc+||z+o+s n+ C+|||o|n|+ c cm
|+ss+c|usctts |m|cs+s ||oc|cs oc +|t+ tccno|og|+ como ^|c Comutc| Ccncntcc| |ntc| |o-
tus c ||c|oso|t cnt|c |numc|+s out|+s |o|+m n+nc|+o+s o| |unoos oc vcntu|c c+|t+| ub||cos
c ||v+oos cm scus cst+g|os |n|c|+|s
|+ occ+o+ oc novcnt+ + conccnt|+io oo numc|o oc vcntu|c c+|t+||sts comb|n+o+ +o |nc|cmcn-
to oo mc|c+oo oc o|c|t+s ub||c+s oc +ocs (||Os) |cvou +o|tc c|csccntc oc |ccu|sos +|+ cm-
|ccno|mcntos |c|+c|on+oos |ntc|nct c mc|c+oos co||c|+tos Como |csu|t+oo o+s c|o+s occo|-
|cntcs oo |om|mcnto o+ bo||+ tccno|og|c+ + |noust||+ ||v+o+ oc c+|t+| oc ||sco no|tc-+mc||c+n+
t|+ns|o|mou-sc subst+nc|+|mcntc n+ u|t|m+ occ+o+ |m+ o+s muo+n+s obsc|v+o+s |o| + busc+ oc
N o va g e ra o d e p o ltic a e m c i n c ia , te c n o lo g ia e in o va o
SEMINRIO INTERNACIONAL
127
Cincia, tecnologia e inovao na Califrnia: a perspectiva empresarial
oo|tun|o+ocs oc |nvcst|mcnto cxtc|no Out|+ |o| o ocscnvo|v|mcnto o+s cconom|+s oc +g|omc-
|+io n+s |cg|ocs com m+|o| +t|v|o+oc oc c+|t+| oc ||sco + cxcm|o oo V+|c oo |||c|o |+ mcsm+
m+nc||+ o mc|c+oo oc c+|t+| oc ||sco o||cntou-sc +|+ nov+s ||cntcs tccno|og|c+s
|c out|+ +|tc os govc|nos cxcm||c+oo c|+s +gcnc|+s |coc|+|s c cst+ou+|s nos |st+oos |n|oos
m+s t+mbcm n+ |u|o+ ^s|+ c ^mc||c+ |+t|n+ ocscnvo|vc|+m |n|c|+t|v+s +|+ cnco|+,+| + |o|m+-
io oc cm|ccno|mcntos oc c+|t+| oc ||sco ^ +|t|| o+ occ+o+ oc scsscnt+ |numc|os |og|+m+s
ub||cos oc +o|tc oc |ccu|sos +|+ |n|c|+t|v+s oc c+|t+| oc ||sco |o|+m |m|cmcnt+oos ^cs+| oo
o|scno|o oc b|||ocs oc oo|+|cs ncsscs |og|+m+s cx|stcm oucos cstuoos o|son|vc|s uc |ocnt|-
ucm +s v+||+vc|s cx||c+t|v+s oo succsso (ou nio) ocss+s |n|c|+t|v+s
5.1. ndice composto de infraestrutura empreendedora e de capital
de risco (IECR)
|stc |no|cc mcoc + c++c|o+oc cm|cs+||+| oc c+o+ cst+oo o| mc|o oc onzc |no|c+oo|cs uc c+-
t+m t+nto uxos oc VC ||v+oo c |+n+mcnto oc o|c|t+s ub||c+s (||O) como +o|tc ub||co oc
|ccu|sos c|o |og|+m+ o+ Com+n||+ oc |nvcst|mcnto cm |cucnos |cgoc|os (||C) O |no|cc
|nc|u| t+mbcm |no|c+oo|cs nio-n+ncc||os uc |cctcm os c|c|tos oos |c|c||oos |ccu|sos como
numc|o oc novos ncgoc|os c n|vc|s oc +tcntc+mcnto
|ssc |no|cc |cctc + c++c|o+oc oc c+o+ cst+oo cm +m+|+| su+ +t|v|o+oc cm|ccnocoo|+ c o su-
ccsso com+|+t|vo cm n+nc|+| c+|t+|s oc ||sco ^ C+|||o|n|+ c|+ss|c+-sc como cst+oo-||oc| no|tc-
+mc||c+no ncsscs |no|c+oo|cs suc|+noo |+ss+c|usctts oc +co|oo com + u|t|m+ csu|s+ oo |ns-
t|tuto ||||cn (.oosb) O cst+oo u|t|++ss+ os ocm+|s t+nto cm |nvcst|mcnto oc c+|t+| oc ||sco cm
gc|+| como cm ou+s +|c+s oc ont+ n+notccno|og|+ c tccno|og|+s ||m+s |+ mcsm+ m+nc||+ o
cst+oo c|+ss|c+-sc |cscct|v+mcntc cm .o c , o |ug+|cs cm c||+io oc ncgoc|os c| c+|t+ c nu-
mc|o oc +tcntcs |cg|st|+o+s o| +ooooo |+b|t+ntcs
|o onto oc v|st+ oc +o|tc oc |ccu|sos ub||cos - como o |og|+m+ m+|| |us|ncss |nvcstmcnt
Com+ny (||C) o v+|o| ocscmbo|s+oo n+s cm|cs+s c+|||o|n|+n+s |ovcn|cntcs oos |unoos oo
||C vcm-sc |couz|noo (oc ,o ccnt+vos - +|+ c+o+ |, +ooo oc ||| cst+ou+| - +|+ ,, ccnt+vos
cnt|c os t||cn|os +,,,-.oo+ c .oo|-.ooe) |+ mcsm+ m+nc||+ o ocscnvo|v|mcnto oc |ncub+oo|+s
oc ncgoc|os +|cscnt+ +|t|c|+io |couz|o+ nos mooc|os cm|cs+||+|s
128
Centro de G esto e Estudos Estratgicos
Cincia, Tecnologia e Inovao
Cllia Piragibe
|mbo|+ + c||sc n+ncc||+ tcn|+ +|ct+oo subst+nc|+|mcntc o mc|c+oo oc vcntu|c c+|t+| o V+|c oo
|||c|o |so|+o+mcntc |cccbcu |o/ oo tot+| oc oo|+|cs no|tc-+mc||c+nos cm VC (|,; b|||ocs oc
um tot+| oc |, +;; b|||ocs) cm .oo, ^ C+|||o|n|+ |csonocu c|+ mct+oc oo tot+| oos ncgoc|os
oc vcntu|c c+|t+| |c+||z+oos nos |st+oos |n|oos c|o scgunoo +no consccut|vo
O |+to o+ comun|o+oc oc VC |nvcst|| cm mut||os scto|cs (tccno|og|+ o+ |n|o|m+io c|cnc|+s
b|o|og|c+s c tccno|og|+ ||m+ o| cxcm|o) nio so +umcnt+ o |m+cto oos oo|+|cs |nvcst|oos n+
cconom|+ oo cst+oo como + |otcgc oc utu+ocs ncg+t|v+s cm scto|cs cscc|cos ctc oos ocz
m+|o|cs +o|tcs oc VC |o|+m o|||g|oos + cm|cs+s c+|||o|n|+n+s
6. Concentrao tecnolgica e dinamismo
|m cstuoo sob|c |oc+||z+io c +o|ocs oc c|csc|mcnto cm oczcnovc c+tcgo||+s o+s |noust||+s oc
+|t+ tccno|og|+ n+ ^mc||c+ oo |o|tc c|nco oos c|nucnt+ m+|s |mo|t+ntcs o|os tccno|og|cos
|oc+||z+m-sc n+ C+|||o|n|+ O V+|c oo |||c|o (co||csonocntc +|c+ mct|oo||t+n+ oo c|xo So Jos
Sunnyvale-Santa Clara) c|+ss|cou-sc cm ||mc||o |ug+| +o |ongo o+ ||mc||+ occ+o+ oo novo m||c-
n|o con|m+noo + su+ |ocm|ncnc|+ oomcst|c+ c muno|+|
Tabela 6 - Classicao da Califrnia entre os 50 Maiores Polos Tecnolgicos da Amrica do Norte 2003 e 2007
Posio
rea Metropolitana
(AM)
Emprego
(103) e QL*
Salrios
(% da America do Norte)
2007 2003 Eixo 2007 2003 2007** 2003
1 1
io |osc-unnyv+|c-+nt+
C|+|+
.440
4o`
.! ` !`
4
|os ^ngc|cs-|ong
|c+c|-C|cno+|c
!o4
1o`
!oo 4.` 44`

io ||cgo-C+||sb+o- io
|+|cos
1!o4
1c`
1. .0` .0`
c 11 +nt+ ^n+-^n+|c|m-||v|nc
140
1`
1401 1o` 1`
10 c
io ||+nc|sco- io
|+tco-|\C
10o4
1c`
c 1c` 1`
1o 1o O+||+no-||cmont-|+yw+|o
c0
1o`
oc 1!` 1`
Fonte: o+oos oo |nst|tuto ||||cn (.009)
* Q|=Quoc|cntc oc |oc+||z+io. |no|c+ + mco|+ oc conccnt:+io o+ ^| cm :c|+io + mco|+ no:tc-+mc:|c+n+
''cxc|u| |cx|co
N o va g e ra o d e p o ltic a e m c i n c ia , te c n o lo g ia e in o va o
SEMINRIO INTERNACIONAL
129
Cincia, tecnologia e inovao na Califrnia: a perspectiva empresarial
O V+|c m+ntcm os|io ||oc| n+ |coc |ntc|n+c|on+| oc +|t+ tccno|og|+ |ccst|utu|+noo-sc + c+o+
c||sc num c|m+ncntc |occsso oc ocst|u|io c||+oo|+ ^ conccnt|+io oc cm|cgos cm +t|v|o+-
ocs oc +|t+ tccno|og|+ no V+|c oo |||c|o cm .oo; c|+ |, vczcs suc||o| mco|+ oos ocm+|s o|os
no|tc-+mc||c+nos tot+||z+noo m+|s oc .||ooo ostos oc t|+b+||o n+s oczcnovc |noust||+s +n+||s+-
o+s (vc| + |c|+io cm +ncxo) |+ mcsm+ m+nc||+ + |cg|io ocst+c+-sc o| tc| + |o|+ oc t|+b+||o
m+|s bcm-+g+ (+ m+ss+ oc s+|+||os ncssc c|ustc| cu|v+|c + ,;/ oo tot+| +go n+s |noust||+s oc
ont+ no|tc-+mc||c+n+s (|st+oos |n|oos c C+n+o+ cxc|u|noo |cx|co)
Custos cm|cs+||+|s +sccnocntcs |nouz||+m |m+s + cont|+t+| m+|s ct++s |oout|v+s |o|+ o+ |cg|io
(outsourcing) ^t|v|o+ocs m+nu|+tu|c||+s oc bcns sc||+oos |o|+m t|+ns|c||o+s ( +|+ cst+oos |cx|co
c c|csccntcmcntc +|+ + ^s|+) ^ m+nutcnio o+s ct++s m+|s c||+t|v+s c oc m+|o| v+|o| +g|cg+oo
n+ |cg|io contuoo nio |mco|u + c|o+ oc m|||+|cs oc cm|cgos +o |ongo oo c||ooo
O V+|c oo |||c|o c|+ss|c+-sc cm ||mc||o ou scgunoo |ug+| n+ ^mc||c+ oo |o|tc cm ; (oc um tot+|
oc +,) |noust||+s oc +|t+ tccno|og|+
(|) computadores e equipamentos perifricos (+;/ oo cm|cgo c .s/ o+ m+ss+ oc s+|+||os) sob
||oc|+n+ o+ ^|c || c un ||c|osystcms
(||) semicondutores e outros componentes eletrnicos (+o/ oo cm|cgo c .+/ oo tot+| oos
s+|+||os) |ntc| ^ov+ncco ||c|osystcms || Co| c mu|t+s out|+s
(|||) projeto de sistemas de computador e servios relacionados
(|v) portais de Internet e processamento de dados (+cn+s +e/ oo cm|cgo m+s ++/ oo tot+|
oc s+|+||os c|o +|to v+|o| +g|cg+oo ocss+s +t|v|o+ocs)
(v) instrumentos de controle, medio, navegacionais e eletromdicos
(v|) equipamentos de comunicao (|nc|u| cc|u|+|cs |ntc||gcntcs c s|stcm+s oc comun|c+io scm o) c
(v||) outros servios em tecnologia da informao, incluindo mecanismos de busca onoc
ocst+c+m-sc Coog|c c +|oo
^c|csccntc-sc out|+s |mo|t+ntcs +t|v|o+ocs |c|+c|on+o+s s +ntc||o|cs como |oouio oc so|tw+-
|c (m+|s oc +oooo cm|cgos) c sc|v|os oc || cm c|cnc|+s (ocst+uc +|+ C|sco |ntc| c|+y |n|-
130
Centro de G esto e Estudos Estratgicos
Cincia, Tecnologia e Inovao
Cllia Piragibe
vc|s|o+oc oc t+n|o|o cnt|c out|os uc cm|cg+m m+|s oc +,ooo |oss|on+|s o+noo +o|o + um+
v+st+ g+m+ oc cm|ccno|mcntos cm +|t+ tccno|og|+)
^|no+ n+ |cg|io o+ b+|+ oc io ||+nc|sco tcmos os c|xos io ||+nc|sco- So Mateo Redwood e
Oakland-Fremont-Hayward |sscs cssc o|os oc +|t+ tccno|og|+ |csono|+m o| m+|s oc .ooooo
cm|cgos cm .oo; com |coom|n|o oc (|) projetos de sistemas de computador e servios relaciona-
do c (||) software onoc ocst+c+-sc + O|+c|c ^ |cg|io c cons|oc|+o+ o bc|o o+ b|otccno|og|+ com
ocst+uc +|+ + Ccncntcc| |os sc|v|os oc || ocst+c+m-sc +s c|cnc|+s o+ v|o+ onoc |ccu|sos
|um+nos oc csu|s+ c cm|cs+||+|s ocst+c+m-sc cnt|c os mc||o|cs oo munoo ^t|v|o+ocs |c|+c|o-
n+o+s + o|t+|s oc |ntc|nct c + |occss+mcnto oc o+oos c v|oco c +n|m+io t+mbcm |cson-
ocm o| um vo|umc cx|css|vo oc cm|cgos n+ |cg|io
6.1. ndice Composto de Concentrao e Dinamismo Tecnolgico
|ssc con,unto oc ++ |no|c+oo|cs mcoc o g|+u cm uc a economia afetada pelo setor de tecno-
logia |m|cgo |o|m+io oc ncgoc|os c|csc|mcnto c conccnt|+io |noust||+| n+s |noust||+s oc +|t+
tccno|og|+ sio mcnsu|+oos
Como o|scut|mos + |o|t+|cz+ o+ C+|||o|n|+ |cs|oc n+ o|vc|s|o+oc oc t+|cntos uc sc m+n||cst+m n+
c||+io oc clusters tccno|og|cos oc +m|+ v+||co+oc (oc comut+oo|cs c c|||c||cos sc|v|os oc
csu|s+ cm b|otccno|og|+) os u+|s tcm c|m|t|oo +o cst+oo cn||cnt+| muo+n+s b|usc+s o+ oc-
m+no+ g|ob+| mco|+ntc o| cxcm|o + vc|s+t|||o+oc ocmonst|+o+ cm m+|o| cscc|+||z+io +|+
o +tcno|mcnto o+ |ocu|+ o| |nst|umcntos mco|cos c o| comun|c+ocs ou m+|s |cccntcmcntc
c|os |nvcst|mcntos cm tccno|og|+s ||m+s
^cs+| o+s utu+ocs cconom|c+s cxc||mcnt+o+s c|o cst+oo n+ u|t|m+ occ+o+ cc|c+ oc ++s/
o+ c||+io oc novos cst+bc|cc|mcntos cm|cs+||+|s oco||c|+m nos scto|cs oc +|t+s tccno|og|+s +tcs-
t+noo + v|t+||o+oc o+ cconom|+ |oc+| (,o |ug+| no ranking n+c|on+|) |m u+|to o+s u|n|cnt+s
cm|cs+s +mc||c+n+s oc +|t+ tccno|og|+ oc m+|o| c|csc|mcnto tcm scoc n+ C+|||o|n|+ m+s +o con-
t|+||o oos ocm+|s cst+oos ||oc|cs + |c|cscnt+ c+|||o|n|+n+ c m+|s o|vc|s|c+o+
|m cont|++|t|o+ |ouvc |couio cm ,. o| ccnto oo numc|o oc cm|cgos no scto| oc +|t+
tccno|og|+ |ssc |csu|t+oo |cct|||+ +|no+ + c||sc o+s cm|cs+s ontocom c os |c+|oc+mcntos +|+
out|os cst+oos ou +|scs (outsourcing) cm busc+ oc custos m+|s b+|xos
N o va g e ra o d e p o ltic a e m c i n c ia , te c n o lo g ia e in o va o
SEMINRIO INTERNACIONAL
131
Cincia, tecnologia e inovao na Califrnia: a perspectiva empresarial
|mbo|+ +s g|+nocs cm|cs+s o+ |cg|io ocscmcn|cm +c| ccnt|+| oc ||oc|+n+ cm su+s |cscct|-
v+s |noust||+s + o|vc|s|o+oc oos +||+n,os o|g+n|z+c|on+|s c|m|tc uc os spin-os oco||+m cont|nu-
+mcntc O v|go| c o cm|ccnocoo||smo o+s cucn+s c mco|+s cm|cs+s c+|||o|n|+n+s cm com-
b|n+io o+s un|vc|s|o+ocs cst+ou+|s com b+sc n+ c++c|o+oc oc |oouz|| +||c+t|vos comc|c|+|s +
+|t|| o+ csu|s+ oc |+bo|+to||o
7. A crise econmica como acelerador dos novos setores
Conu+nto os |st+oos |n|oos +|no+ m+ntcn|+m ||oc|+n+ n+ |oouio m+nu|+tu|c||+ muno|+|
(.o/ oo mc|c+oo g|ob+| + C||n+ |csonoc o| +./) c css+s |noust||+s ocscmbo|scm |, +s; b|-
||ocs oos g+stos cm || ou ;o/ oo tot+| no|tc-+mc||c+no su+ os|io vcm-sc c|oo|noo |+|o+-
mcntc ^ cconom|+ no|tc-+mc||c+n+ c|ocu ; m|||ocs oc cm|cgos (. m|||ocs oos u+|s n+ +t|v|-
o+oc m+nu|+tu|c||+) ocsoc o |n|c|o o+ c||sc cconom|c+ c + t+x+ oc ocscm|cgo m+ntcm-sc +c|m+
oc +o/ +cs+| o+ moocst+ |ccuc|+io cx|b|o+ no u|t|mo t||mcst|c oc .oo,
|+|+ cn||cnt+| css+s o|cu|o+ocs o govc|no Ob+m+ |omu|gou o ^to oc |c|nvcst|mcnto c |ccuc-
|+io o+ ^mc||c+ (^||^) oc .oo, um +cotc +nt|c|c||co oc cst|mu|o cconom|+ com |ov|sio oc
|,;s; b|||ocs cm g+stos ub||cos c |scnocs sc+|s Cont|+tos govc|n+mcnt+|s |ccu|sos + |unoo
c|o|oo c cm|cst|mos (Awards) sio o|c|cc|oos o| .s +gcnc|+s |coc|+|s tcnoo o| ob,ct|vo |c-
c|uo c||+| novos cm|cgos c s+|v+| os cx|stcntcs bcm como cst|mu|+| + +t|v|o+oc cconom|c+ c o
|nvcst|mcnto g+|+nt|noo o c|csc|mcnto cconom|co oc |ongo |+zo
|cnt|c +s |numc|+s +ocs contcm|+o+s c|o ^to um con,unto oc |nvcst|mcntos cm |n||+cst|u-
tu|+ nio-convcnc|on+| (cm scto|cs cons|oc|+oos |o-c|c||cos) |nc|u|noo b+no+ |+|g+ tccno|og|+s
oc |cocs |ntc||gcntcs (smart-grid) c |o|ncc|mcnto oc cnc|g|+s +|tc|n+t|v+s |cccbc|+m |ov|sio oc
|ccu|sos oc m+|s oc |, +oo b|||ocs oo govc|no no|tc-+mc||c+no
|m cont|+stc couc+io c sc|v|os oc s+uoc cmbo|+ nio tcn|+m +|cscnt+oo cx+nsio cm tcmos
oc c||+io oc cm|cgos no cu|to-|+zo (o| sc|cm +t|v|o+ocs cont|+-c|c||c+s) sio +|ct+oos os|t|-
v+mcntc c|+ o||usio o+s tccno|og|+s o+ |n|o|m+io cm tc|mos oc mc||o||+ oc u+||o+oc |couio
oc custos ocscnvo|v|mcnto oc softwares couc+c|on+|s cnt|c out|os
132
Centro de G esto e Estudos Estratgicos
Cincia, Tecnologia e Inovao
Cllia Piragibe
|m oos ob,ct|vos m+|s +mb|c|osos oo govc|no Ob+m+ contcm|+oos no ^||^ c t|+ns|o|m+| os
|st+oos |n|oos cm ||oc| g|ob+| n+s cnc|g|+s ||m+s Com css+ n+||o+oc |ccu|sos ub||cos suc||o-
|cs + |, ,o b|||ocs cstio scnoo co|oc+oos cm C| cm o|to g|+nocs c+tcgo||+s o+s cleantechs Os
|st+oos |n|oos nio sio o| cnu+nto front-runners ncss+ +|c+ c |ccon|cccm + ||oc|+n+ |n|c|+| o+
^|cm+n|+ c t+mbcm oc +|scs cm ocscnvo|v|mcnto como ||+s|| c C||n+ cm +|guns mc|c+oos oc
tccno|og|+s vc|ocs
^ C+|||o|n|+ c +|t|cu|+|mcntc + |cg|io o+ b+|+ oc io ||+nc|sco como v|mos +|cscnt+ os|io oc
v+ngu+|o+ nos ocscnvo|v|mcntos oc cnc|g|+s |cnov+vc|s ^ ^my||s ||otcc|no|og|cs um+ o+s m+|s |o-
m|sso|+s |m+s oc b|ocombust|vc|s o+ |cg|io |o| spin-o oo |+bo|+to||o oc m|c|ob|o|og|+ o+ |n|vc|-
s|o+oc oc |c||c|cy Os |nvcst|mcntos ||v+oos oc c+|t+| oc ||sco +ntcccoc|+m o +o|tc oc |ccu|sos
govc|n+mcnt+|s +|+ +s |m+s |nov+oo|+s ncss+s +|c+s Os t|+o|c|on+|s cm|cs+||os |nov+oo|cs oo V+|c
oo |||c|o c cc|c+n|+s |o,c t|+ns|o|m+|+m-sc cm +||c+oo|cs n+ncc||os oc vu|to (gc|+|mcntc + +|t||
o+ vcno+ bcm-succo|o+ o+s cm|cs+s uc |n|c|+|+m) const|tu|noo |unoos |o||os oc c+|t+| oc ||sco
|m oos c+sos m+|s noto||os c o oc V|noo ||os|+ csco|||oo c|+ |o|tunc como o m+|s bcm-succo|-
oo |nvcst|oo| oc ||sco |m .oo| c|c |unoou + ||os|+ Vcntu|cs c tcm +ost+oo nos b|ocombust|vc|s
como ||nc|+| subst|tuto oo ct|o|co nos ||^ nos |ox|mos v|ntc +nos |uz oos +|tos |cos o+s
|ontcs cnc|gct|c+s conco||cntcs oo ct+no| no mc|c+oo oc +utomovc|s como o ||o|ogcn|o c +s b+-
tc||+s c|ct||c+s |o,c scu |unoo tcm |nvcst|mcntos |c|cv+ntcs cm ,, cm|cs+s oo scto|
O |c+|t+mcnto oc |nc|g|+ (|o|) soz|n|o +om|n|st|+ |ccu|sos o+ o|ocm oc |, ,e; b|||ocs oo-
t+oos c|o ^to oos u+|s |, +es b|||ocs ocst|n+m-sc (n+ |oo|io .;, c +;,) + cc|cnc|+ cnc|-
gct|c+ (+|+ |couz|| g+stos cm consumo oc cnc|g|+ n+s |cs|ocnc|+s c o|m|nu|| cm|ssocs oc com-
bust|vc|s |ossc|s) c gc|+io oc cnc|g|+s |cnov+vc|s (||) (tu|b|n+s oc cnc|g|+ co||c+s +|nc|s so|+|cs
c out|+s |ontcs oc || como b|ocombust|vc|s +v+n+oos)
|+ mco|o+ uc os |st+oos |n|oos cstio cm t|+ns|io +|+ m+|o| uso oc |ontcs cnc|gct|c+s |ntc|m|-
tcntcs to|n+-sc c|uc|+| o ocscnvo|v|mcnto oc |o,ctos oc sm+|t g||o O ^||^ |ovc |ccu|sos oc
|, +o b|||ocs +|+ +o|+| |o,ctos ncss+s +|c+s
oc m+nc||+ + |+nc,+| nov+s ||n|+s oc t|+nsm|ssio uc suo|tcm + c|ct||c|o+oc gc|+o+ o| |ontcs oc
cnc|g|+s |cnov+vc|s bcm como +umcnt+| + cc|cnc|+ cx|b|||o+oc c con+b|||o+oc o+ |coc c|ct||c+
como um tooo com b+sc no uso m+ss|vo oc |Cs
|+ mcsm+ m+nc||+ m+|s oc |, e b|||ocs |o|+m ocst|n+oos + csu|s+s c ocscnvo|v|mcnto oc tcc-
no|og|+s +|+ vc|cu|os c combust|vc|s +v+n+oos onoc |nc|ucm-sc c+||os ||b||oos c c|ct||cos c scus
N o va g e ra o d e p o ltic a e m c i n c ia , te c n o lo g ia e in o va o
SEMINRIO INTERNACIONAL
133
Cincia, tecnologia e inovao na Califrnia: a perspectiva empresarial
comoncntcs sob|ctuoo b+tc||+s ^ cs|+ |oto|s |oc+||z+o+ n+ b+|+ oc io ||+nc|sco |cccbcu
n+nc|+mcnto |coc|+| oc |,|e, m|||ocs +|+ + |oouio oc c+||os c|ct||cos u+noo o|son|vc|s
csscs vc|cu|os |cccbc|io subs|o|os oc +tc |, ;,oo oo govc|no +mc||c+no oc m+nc||+ + |couz|| scus
+|tos |cos |n|c|+|s c cst|mu|+| su+ ocm+no+
^|no+ n+ c+tcgo||+ oc cnc|g|+s ||m+s |nvcst|mcntos cm t|cns oc +|t+-vc|oc|o+oc c no t|+nso|tc
ub||co || cm tccno|og|+s oc c+tu|+ c scucst|o oc c+|bono t|c|n+mcnto oc |ccu|sos |um+-
nos +|+ +s nov+s |noust||+s vc|ocs c csu|s+s +v+n+o+s oc m+|o| ||sco c com|cx|o+oc +|cm oo
ocscnvo|v|mcnto c m+nu|+tu|+ oc comoncntcs c cu|+mcntos vc|ocs |cccbc|io |nccnt|vos su-
c||o|cs + |, .e b|||ocs c|os |og|+m+s oo ^||^ cgunoo cst|m+t|v+s o+ C|^ ;.oooo novos
ostos oc t|+b+||o o||ctos c |nouz|oos sc|io c||+oos +tc .o+. n+s |noust||+s c|c+ntcc| oos |st+oos
|n|oos
^o|c|on+|mcntc o ||+no |+c|on+| oc |+no+ |+|g+ |o| contcm|+oo com |, ;. b|||ocs c|o ^||^
|ss+ |n|c|+t|v+ +tu+|mcntc cm c|+bo|+io c|+ |coc|+| Commun|c+t|ons Comm|ss|on (|CC) ocvc-
|+ bcncc|+| cnt|c +o + +e m|||ocs oc usu+||os + +|t|| o+ cx+nsio o+ |coc oc b|+s ot|c+s com
concom|t+ntc +umcnto oc su+ c++c|o+oc ^ m+|o| o||usio oo +ccsso b+no+ |+|g+ bcncc|+|+
||mo|o|+|mcntc +s +|c+s |u|+|s |c|o|+noo + comct|t|v|o+oc o+s cm|cs+s |oc+|s c|o +ccsso cx-
+no|oo |coc (|nc|us|vc c|+ c||+io oc c+|| ccntc|s uc sc v|+b|||z+m c|+s mcno|cs |cmunc|+ocs
v|gcntcs ncss+s +|c+s)
|+|+ |+zc| |+cc +os ocs+os co|oc+oos c|+ c||sc no cs+o cconom|co g|ob+||z+oo onoc cm|cs+s
+mc||c+n+s oc +|t+ tccno|og|+ subcont|+t+m ct++s |oout|v+s c mcsmo oc || oc subs|o|+||+s
ou oc +|cc||os cxtc|nos - os |st+oos |n|oos +||n|+v+m o||t|c+s ub||c+s +nt|-c|c||c+s uc |omo-
v+m os |ntc|csscs oo scu scto| m+nu|+tu|c||o ^o |omcnt+| |nvcst|mcntos cm || c n+ |oouio
oc bcns c sc|v|os |ntcns|vos cm con|cc|mcnto concom|t+ntc mooc|n|z+io oo cont|o|c o+s cx-
o|t+ocs cm scto|cs oc +|to v+|o| +g|cg+oo css+s o||t|c+s ooc +,uo+| + cx+no|| +s vcno+s cxtc|-
n+s no|tc-+mc||c+n+s bcncc|+noo + gc|+io oc cm|cgo oomcst|co
^ +|t|| o+ c||sc co|o|+ocs oo o|tc o+ Ccnc|+| ||cct||c occ|o||+m |c+t||+| ostos oc t|+b+||o
os|o|c +|+ os ||^ Como ocsoob|+mcnto oos |og|+m+s |coc|+| c cst+ou+| oc c||+io oc cm-
|cgos + |ntc| - o| mc|o oc scu b|+o n+ncc||o |ntc| C+|t+| con,unt+mcntc com .| |m+s oc
c+|t+| oc ||sco - com|omctcu-sc + |nvcst|| |,,, b|||ocs nos |ox|mos oo|s +nos cm |m+s |n|-
c|+ntcs |ntcns|v+s cm tccno|og|+ sco|+o+s nos |st+oos |n|oos ^ ^||+n+ c||+o+ |nvcst+ n+ ^mc||c+
- onoc |nc|ucm-sc out|os +; ||oc|cs cm|cs+||+|s (||c|oso|t +|oo ||+y Coog|c C| cnt|c out|os)
- +ssum|u o com|om|sso oc ou||c+| +s cont|+t+ocs oc un|vc|s|t+||os |cccm-g|+ou+oos +|+ c||+|
os |ooutos c |ovc| os sc|v|os oo +m+n|i
134
Centro de G esto e Estudos Estratgicos
Cincia, Tecnologia e Inovao
Cllia Piragibe
Out|o ocs+o comct|t|v|o+oc no|tc-+mc||c+n+ cm scto|cs |ntcns|vos cm con|cc|mcnto o|z |cs-
c|to c|csccntc o|cn+gcm oc cc|cb|os |ovcn|cntc oo cxtc||o| V+||os cngcn|c||os |o,ct|st+s oc
so|tw+|c c |nov+oo|cs oc o||gcm cst|+ngc||+ tcm oc|x+oo o V+|c oo |||c|o c |cto|n+oo + scus +|scs
cm busc+ oc nov+s oo|tun|o+ocs ||oc|+noo ono+s oc cm|ccnocnoo||smo tccno|og|co |ssc |o-
ccsso c ocnom|n+oo c||cu|+io oc cc|cb|os cm cont|+stc com + tcnocnc|+ un|o||cc|on+| +ntc||o|
oc o|cn+gcm oc cc|cb|os(brain drain)
|ovos ccoss|stcm+s cm|cs+||+|s |o|+m c||+oos ||mc||o cm |s|+c| c +|c| c oco|s n+ C||n+ c
|no|+ + +|t|| oo |cto|no oc |oss|on+|s c cm|cs+||os n+t|vos ocsscs +|scs +ntcs |cs|ocntcs nos
|st+oos |n|oos |sscs |nov+oo|cs tcnocm + cst+bc|ccc| +|cc||+s com scus +nt|gos co|cg+s no V+|c
oo |||c|o bcm como s+bcm t||+| |ovc|to o+ |+c|||o+oc oc +ccsso s |nst|tu|ocs +mc||c+n+s - como
cst+bc|ccc| |+bo|+to||os oc csu|s+ n+ |cg|io |cv+nt+| c+|t+| oc ||sco |cc|ut+| sc|v|os |oss|o-
n+|s ou mcsmo |cv+nt+| o|n|c||o n+s bo|s+s oc v+|o|cs
Como cont|++|t|o+ os c+|t+||st+s oc ||sco o+ +no |||| |o+o no V+|c oo |||c|o v|+,+m m+|s ||c-
ucntcmcntc + csscs |ug+|cs +|+ n+nc|+| nov+s cm|cs+s oc tccno|og|+ c |ocu|+| +|cc||+s |o|
cxcm|o + |o|tc cx+nsio oo mc|c+oo oc comun|c+ocs scm o (wireless) n+ ^s|+ c||ou oo|tun|-
o+ocs +|+ |m+s n+ C||n+ ou |no|+ cont||bu||cm n+ o||cio ocss+s tccno|og|+s c su+s +||c+ocs
C||+| v+nt+gcm |cg|on+| |cuc| comb|n+io oc con|cc|mcnto c know-how |oc+| c o|stnc|+ +|+
gc|+| nov+s so|uocs c ocscnvo|vc| novos |ooutos c |noust||+s
8. Concluses e implicaes para o caso brasileiro
Clusters oc |noust||+s oc +|t+ tccno|og|+ cu,o cxcm|o m+|s |ocm|ncntc c o V+|c oo |||c|o c+||-
|o|n|+no tcm |cccb|oo +tcnio cscc|+| oos +c+ocm|cos c |o|mu|+oo|cs oc o||t|c+s n+ mco|o+
uc +s s|nc|g|+s c o o|n+m|smo tccno|og|co ocsscs |ug+|cs gc|+m c|c|tos o|nm|cos sob|c +m|os
scto|cs o+ cconom|+ com c|c|tos os|t|vos sob|c o c|csc|mcnto c + |cno+ n+c|on+|
|nov+io c cm|ccnocoo||smo oocm sc| +o|+oos o| v+||os mcc+n|smos cnoogcnos + csscs clus-
ters como |o| v|sto |+c|| +ccsso +o c+|t+| |um+no c n+ncc||o con|cc|mcnto sob|c + tccno|og|+
c os mc|c+oos c |cocs oc co|+bo|+io +b|+ngcntcs |co|o+s oc +o|o cst+t+| - o||ct+s c |no||ct+s
|coc|+|s c cst+ou+|s oc cst|mu|o ocm+no+ (cont|+tos govc|n+mcnt+|s) c;ou o|c|t+ (subs|o|os ou
|nccnt|vos sc+|s ||) t|vc|+m +c| |conoc|+ntc no ocscnvo|v|mcnto oo s|stcm+ oc |nov+io
no|tc-+mc||c+no
N o va g e ra o d e p o ltic a e m c i n c ia , te c n o lo g ia e in o va o
SEMINRIO INTERNACIONAL
135
Cincia, tecnologia e inovao na Califrnia: a perspectiva empresarial
Contuoo oo onto oc v|st+ oc +|scs cm ocscnvo|v|mcnto como o ||+s|| |mo|t+ cx|o|+| u+|s
mcc+n|smos c+us+|s |cv+m um+ |cg|io occo|+gcm (take-o) ocssc c|c|o v||tuoso c |+ t|cs occ+-
o+s +t|+s c|+ m|stc| + mont+gcm oc um con,unto oc |nst|umcntos oc o||t|c+ cx||c|t+ oc c|cnc|+
tccno|og|+ c |nov+io (C|) +|+ o |+|s |o,c g|+noc +|tc oo +|c+bouo |nst|tuc|on+| c |cgu|+to-
||o ncccss+||o c os |ccu|sos n+ncc||os co||csonocntcs cstio o|son|vc|s (|+c|cco .oo,)
|o ccn+||o +tu+| um oos ||nc|+|s ocs+os s o||t|c+s oc |nov+io c |cv+| o scto| ||v+oo + |cco|-
|c| s +t|v|o+ocs oc || como c|cmcnto oc comct|io bcm como co+oun+| +|tc o+ |oouio
oc con|cc|mcnto gc|+oo c|+s |nst|tu|ocs oc C|cnc|+ c ccno|og|+ (|Cs) com +s cst|+tcg|+s scto-
||+|s oc |c|o|o o+ comct|t|v|o+oc (^mc| .oo,)
^ |ccxio sob|c nov+s o||t|c+s oc C| + nosso vc| ocvc ncccss+||+mcntc contcm|+| +s cono|-
ocs +tu+|s oc |nsc|io |ntc|n+c|on+| oo |+|s um+ vcz uc + g|ob+||z+io c|csccntc o+ cconom|+ c
oos s|stcm+s oc csu|s+ co|oc+m tcm+s c ocm+no+s scmc||+ntcs +|+ +s o||t|c+s n+c|on+|s (Vc-
||o .o+o,) O |+|oo c|csc|mcnto o+ |ntc|n+c|on+||z+io o+s +t|v|o+ocs oc |csu|s+ |cscnvo|v|-
mcnto ocsoc + occ+o+ oc ,o sugc|c o |n|c|o o+ g|ob+||z+io o+ |nov+io (|||com+n .ooe,) |+s
+|+v|+s oc um csu|s+oo| o+ |||||s the question on what is foreign R&D is undened for a MNC
with truly global R&D
c||+ |ngcnuo +oot+| css+ v|sio como |cm|ss+ oc t|+b+||o um+ vcz uc ocscons|oc|+ +s ucs-
tocs |c|+t|v+s +o cont|o|c o||t|co ou soc|+| o+ C Contuoo +s muo+n+s |cccntcs no ccn+||o
comct|t|vo muno|+| oocm |m||c+| obso|csccnc|+ n+ o|cotom|+ c|+ss|c+ cnt|c +s |+c|on+|cs uc
,ust|c+m +s occ|socs oc |nvcst|mcnto cxtc|no cm || c|+s |m+s +|cno|z+oo(learning) c
+|+v+nc+gcm(leveraging)
^ ||mc||+ |c|c|c-sc moo+||o+oc oc +ou|||| novos con|cc|mcntos c c++c|o+ocs nio o|son|vc|s
|oc+|mcntc (learning) ^s |m+s tcnoc||+m + co|oc+| +t|v|o+ocs m+|s +v+n+o+s oc || cm +|scs
ocscnvo|v|oos uc ossucm |n||+cst|utu|+ ncccss+||+ +|+ |c+||z+| csu|s+s no cst+oo o+ +|tc cs-
u|s+oo|cs c cngcn|c||os cscc|+||z+oos c |cocs oc |c|+c|on+mcnto cst+bc|cc|o+s (|unov+|| +,,.
|c|son +,,,) ^ scguno+ (leveraging) sc||+ occo||cnc|+ oc |nvcst|mcntos cxtc|nos c|+s cm|cs+s
com |ccu|so + +t|v|o+ocs oc || mcnos com|cx+s oc m+nc||+ + +o+t+| scus |ooutos s ncccs-
s|o+ocs oos mc|c+oos |oscoc||os
|ss+ o|cotom|+ contuoo +|ccc cst+| scnoo suc|+o+ n+s cxc||cnc|+s |cccntcs o+ C||n+ c o+ |no|+
uc cstio +t|+|noo c|csccntcmcntc |nvcst|mcntos cm +|c+s +v+n+o+s oc || |+ mco|o+ + ccono-
m|+ c||ncs+ sc cx+noc os g+stos cm || tcm +com+n|+oo cssc o|n+m|smo oc |o|m+ m+|s uc
136
Centro de G esto e Estudos Estratgicos
Cincia, Tecnologia e Inovao
Cllia Piragibe
|oo|c|on+| |sscs o|scno|os co|oc+m + C||n+ como g|ob+| |+yc| cm || c|+ss|c+noo-sc +t|+s
oos |st+oos |n|oos c |+io cm tc|mos oc ||| (com g+stos +c|m+ oc |, +oo b|||ocs cm .oos)
^ m+|o| +|tc ocss+s +t|v|o+ocs |c|c|c-sc + ocscnvo|v|mcnto cxc||mcnt+| ( scmc||+n+ oo c||
b|+s||c||o) |cct|noo |gu+|mcntc o c|csccntc cnvo|v|mcnto oo scto| cm|cs+||+| ncssc |occsso |-
mct||c+mcntc + +|t|c|+io o+ csu|s+ b+s|c+ c +||c+o+ +|no+ c bcm mcno| oo uc + mco|+ oos
+|scs o+ OC||
^ C||n+ vcm-sc ocst+c+noo c|csccntcmcntc u+nto +os |no|c+oo|cs c|+ss|cos oc C| |+ cm
.oo+ |c|+to||os o+ OC|| co|oc+v+m o +|s cm ocst+uc o| ossu|| o scgunoo m+|o| cont|ngcntc
muno|+| oc csu|s+oo|cs (||| .oo|+o) |+ mcsm+ m+nc||+ como ,+ ocst+c+mos o govc|no c||-
ncs tcm |ocu|+oo |nccnt|v+| n+ncc||+mcntc o |cto|no oc scus |oss|on+|s +|t+mcntc u+||c+-
oos oos ||^ como |o|m+ oc |c|o|+| scus +o|ocs tccno|og|cos
Conscucntcmcntc +s |m+s cst|+ngc||+s cstio |nvcst|noo n+ C||n+ nio +cn+s o| su+ mio-oc-
ob|+ b+|+t+ m+s t+mbcm o| su+ o|c|t+ +buno+ntc oc c+|t+| |um+no cscc|+||z+oo |m +|gum+s
+|c+s como +s tccno|og|+s oc tc|c|on|+ movc| +s |m+s c||ncs+s +|cscnt+m v+nt+gcm comct|t|v+
cm || sob|ctuoo no uc sc |c|c|c +os mc|c+oos +s|+t|cos
Os |nvcst|mcntos cm || c|+s co|o|+ocs cst|+ngc||+s n+ |no|+ conccnt|+m-sc cm tccno|og|+
o+ |n|o|m+io tc|ccomun|c+ocs b|otccno|og|+ |noust||+s +utomot|v+ c |+|m+ccut|c+ ^ |ntc| o|
cxcm|o tcm |o|tc |cscn+ cm || cm | n+ subs|o|+||+ cm |+ng+|o|c onoc cc|c+ oc .ooo |o-
ss|on+|s |no|+nos bcm t|c|n+oos c com oom|n|o oc |ng|cs cstio cng+,+oos cm +t|v|o+ocs com|c-
x+s |+zcnoo uso oc suc|comut+oo|cs ocnt|o oc um o|+mcnto oc |, + b|||io no u|nucn|o
.ooe;+o ^ cm|cs+ t+mbcm ocscnvo|vcu um+ ^gcnc|+ oc |c|n+mcnto |cg|on+| (|^) um+ |n|c|+-
t|v+ oc +o|o +o |c|o|o o+ couc+io cm C no +|s
^ c||sc cconom|c+ muno|+| +|ccc cst+| +cc|c|+noo + |cssio comct|t|v+ oos +|scs cmc|gcntcs no
ccn+||o |ntc|n+c|on+| com conscucnc|+s o||ct+s sob|c o ocscmcn|o |utu|o o+s cconom|+s oc-
scnvo|v|o+s |m .oo, + C||n+ m+ntcvc scu +cc|c|+oo c|csc|mcnto o uc ||c c|m|t|u u|t|++ss+| +
^|cm+n|+ como m+|o| cxo|t+oo| muno|+| |+nt|o+s css+s |o,cocs c|+ ocvc u|t|++ss+| o |+io
+|no+ cm .o+o como scguno+ m+|o| cconom|+ g|ob+|
|cssc contcxto + C||n+ |o| o ||nc|+| +|cc||o comc|c|+| oo ||+s|| cm .oo, ocs|oc+noo + t|+o|c|o-
n+| os|io oos |st+oos |n|oos cm nosso comc|c|o cxtc||o| |+ mcsm+ m+nc||+ |ntcns|cou-sc +
oom|nnc|+ o+s commoo|t|cs n+ +ut+ cxo|t+oo|+ b|+s||c||+ |+s ocz cm|cs+s uc m+|s vcnoc-
N o va g e ra o d e p o ltic a e m c i n c ia , te c n o lo g ia e in o va o
SEMINRIO INTERNACIONAL
137
Cincia, tecnologia e inovao na Califrnia: a perspectiva empresarial
|+m +o cxtc||o| cm tc|mos oc v+|o| +cn+s + |mb|+c| ++|ccc |c|cscnt+noo o scto| m+nu|+tu|c||o
ncssc u|t|mo +no (cm .oo, |+v|+ u+t|o ocss+s cm|cs+s) |mbo|+ csscs |csu|t+oos nio congu|cm
+|no+ um+ muo+n+ cst|utu|+| c|m+ncntc c|+m+ +tcnio o |+to uc + +|t|c|+io oc |ooutos
c||ncscs oc m+|o| v+|o| +g|cg+oo tcm +umcnt+oo no tot+| oo comc|c|o b||+tc|+|
Como ocmonst|+|+m +s cxc||cnc|+s |cg|css+s oc |noust||+||z+io |ct+|o+t+||+ (Cc|s|cnc|on+,e.)
+s n+ocs uc oom|n+|+m +s tccno|og|+s cm c+o+ c|c|o |noust||+| no +ss+oo conscgu||+m co|oc+|
su+s cconom|+s cm os|io oc ||oc|+n+ no ccn+||o |ntc|n+c|on+| |cssc scnt|oo um cstuoo oct+-
||+oo o+ os|io b|+s||c||+ no contcxto oos |||Cs (ou oos |||C|s com + |nc|usio o+ Co|c|+ oo u|)
ooc sc| oc v+||+ no scnt|oo oc |c|o|+| o cntcno|mcnto oc noss+s v+nt+gcns;ocsv+nt+gcns comc-
t|t|v+s bcm como |ocnt|c+| +s +|c+s +ss|vc|s oc m+|o| cooc|+io; ncgoc|+io com csscs +|scs
^tcnio cscc|+| ocvc sc| oco|c+o+ s tccno|og|+s vc|ocs cons|oc|+noo uc os ocs+os
co|oc+oos c|+s muo+n+s c||m+t|c+s cstio c||+noo oo|tun|o+ocs oc |nvcst|mcnto uc co|oc+m
+s c|c+ntcc|s como + m+|o| oo|tun|o+oc oc ncgoc|os no sccu|o XX| C||n+ c |no|+ tcm |c|to +v+n-
os s|gn|c+t|vos nos mc|c+oos oc cnc|g|+ so|+| m+s + cxc||cnc|+ +cumu|+o+ b|+s||c||+ cm b|ocom-
bust|vc|s +|cm oo ocscnvo|v|mcnto oo mc|c+oo |ntc|no +|+ csscs |ooutos c c|cmcnto o|st|nt|vo
cnt|c +s cconom|+s cm ocscnvo|v|mcnto
|ss+ v+nt+gcm cst+ +t|+|noo c|csccntcmcntc o |ntc|cssc oc cm|cs+s oc c+|t+| oc ||sco no|tc-
+mc||c+n+s +|+ o mc|c+oo b|+s||c||o cm busc+ oc cx+nsio |ntc|n+c|on+| |+ mcsm+ m+nc||+ c
oss|vc| |omcnt+| o cst+bc|cc|mcnto oc +|cc||+s +c+ocm|c+s b|n+c|on+|s +|+ csu|s+s con,unt+s
oc +|tc|n+t|v+s cnc|gct|c+s sc,+ com +|scs +v+n+oos ou cm ocscnvo|v|mcnto
|c out|+ +|tc cons|oc|+noo + |ncv|t+b|||o+oc oc muo+n+s oc mco|o c |ongo |+zo no c|| o+
|noust||+ +utomob|||st|c+ muno|+| + +|t|| oos |nccnt|vos concco|oos o| o|vc|sos +|scs como os
|st+oos |n|oos ||+n+ c |+io +o ocscnvo|v|mcnto oc c+||os c|ct||cos ou ||b||oos sugc|c-sc um
cstuoo +m|o oc |m+ctos ocss+s muo+n+s sob|c + +tu+| congu|+io oo com|cxo +utomot|vo
b|+s||c||o |nc|u|noo too+ su+ g+m+ oc |o|ncccoo|cs
u+nto c|csccntc c||cu|+io oc cc|cb|os obsc|v+o+ nos c|ustc|s oc +|t+ tccno|og|+ c+|||o|n|+nos
+|tc o+ o|+so|+ b|+s||c||+ ooc sc| |cc|ut+o+ tcnoo o| +no oc |unoo +s mc||o|cs c|scct|-
v+s cconom|c+s o|c|cc|o+s c|o ||+s|| +|+ +|t|c|+| n+s ocn|ocs oc ||n|+s oc csu|s+ |utu|+s
no |+|s ^s concxocs cst+bc|cc|o+s o| csscs |oss|on+|s cm |cg|ocs como o V+|c oo |||c|o oocm
|+c|||t+| |gu+|mcntc o cst+bc|cc|mcnto oc +|cc||+s tccno|og|c+s c cm|cs+||+|s cnt|c os oo|s +|scs
138
Centro de G esto e Estudos Estratgicos
Cincia, Tecnologia e Inovao
Cllia Piragibe
Referncias
^:^|^v^ |. :O| ^ |ntc:n+t|on+||z+t|on o| |8| |n C||n+ +no |no|+ Convcnt|on+| w|soom vc:sus
:c+||ty ^s|+ |+c|c | |+n+gc .vi,. ,,;,-,,| ioos
^||||. C|| Os novos |nst:umcntos oc +,o|o + |nov+io 8:+s|||+ C||. ioo,
8|OC| |. |||||| | | v|c:c |o |nnov+t|ons Comc |:om 1:+ns|o:m+t|ons |n t|c U: |+t|on+|
|nnov+t|on :ystcm. +,;o-iooo !c |n|o:m+t|on 1cc|no|ogy 8 |nnov+t|on |ouno+t|on ioos
C^|||O|||^ |||O|^| |CO|O|||: ||O||C1 C+|||o:n|+s |o|c |n t|c |ob+| |conomy C+|||o:n|+
Co||+bo:+t|vc |conom|cs. |nc. ioos
COO|||:;|^1|O|^| V||1U|| C^||1^| ^::OC|^1|O| |oncy1:cc |c,o:t :| sn]. io+o
|||O|11| 8 1OUC|| ||st o| |o:t| ^mc:|c+s |+stcst-g:ow|ng ,oo ||g|-tcc|no|ogy :ms :|sn]. ioo;
||VO| |. |O||| C+|||o:n|+s |os|t|on |n 1cc|no|ogy +no :c|cncc ^ com,+:+t|vc 8cnc|m+:||ng
^sscssmcnt C+|||o:n|+ ||||cn |nst|tutc. ioo|
||VO| |. C|^|UvO|| ^ C+|||o:n|+s |os|t|on |n 1cc|no|ogy +no :c|cncc ^ com,+:+t|vc 8cnc|m+:||ng
^sscssmcnt C+|||o:n|+ ||||cn |nst|tutc. ioos
|CO|O||C ||:|^|C| |||O|1 8:o+ob+no |ntc:ncts V+|uc |o: |u:+| ^mc:|c+ n(|||-;s). ioo,
||s,on|vc| cm wwwc:suso+gov;|ub||c+t|ons;|||;s;. ^ccsso cm is |cv io+o
|| busc+ o+ oog|c vc:oc |x+mc. i; ,+n io+o
|CO|O||:1 ||1||||||C| U||1 (||U) :c+ttc:|ng t|c sccos o| |nnov+t|on t|c g|ob+||z+t|on o| :csc+:c|
+no ocvc|o,mcnt : | s n]. ioo|
|X|CU1|V| O|||C| O| 1|| |||:||||1 O| 1|| U||1|| :^1|: !c |conom|c |m,+ct o| t|c ^mc:|c+n
|ccovc:y +no |c|nvcstmcnt ^ct o| ioo, |U^ :ccono Qu+:tc:|y |c,o:t. |+n io+o
|||||| | C818| |+ C+|||o:n|+ O,o:tun|o+ocs c |cs+os + |+:cc:|+ com o 8:+s|| || Cu:so sob:c Coo,c:+io
|ntc:n+c|on+| cm C1| 8:+s|||+ |C1;|||. ioos
||||||^| 1 !c vo:|o |s ||+t |cw :o:| |+::+: :t:+us 8 |:oux. iooo
||:C|||||O| ^ |conom|c 8+c|w+:oncss |n ||sto:|c+| |c:s,cct|vc C+mb:|ogc 8c||n+, |:css o|
|+:v+:o Un|vc:s|ty |:css. +,oi
O||||: |. |||||| | !c Vcntu:c C+,|t+| Cyc|c C+mb:|ogc !c ||1 |:css. iooo
N o va g e ra o d e p o ltic a e m c i n c ia , te c n o lo g ia e in o va o
SEMINRIO INTERNACIONAL
139
Cincia, tecnologia e inovao na Califrnia: a perspectiva empresarial
||:||:|O||| |. |1z|Ov|1z !c 1:+ns|o:m+t|on o| Un|vc:s|ty-|noust:y-govc:nmcnt |c|+t|ons
||cct:on|c |ou:n+| o| :oc|o|ogy. ioo+
|U||V^|| 8 |+t|on+| :ystcms o| |nnov+t|on tow+:os + t|co:y o| |nnov+t|on +no |ntc:+ct|vc |c+:n|ng
|onoon ||ntc:. +,,i
|||||| ||:1|1U1| :t+tc 1cc|no|ogy +no :c|cncc |nocx |nou:|ng |cssons |o: t|c |nt+ng|b|c |conomy
:+nt+ |on|c+ ||||cn |nst|tutc. ioos
|||||| ||:1|1U1| |o:t| ^mc:|c+s ||g|-1cc| |conomy !c cog:+,|y o| |now|cogc- 8+sco
|noust:|cs :+nt+ |on|c+ ||||cn |nst|tutc. ioo,
||||:1|||O |^: |||^O|: |X1|||O||: :cto: oc |:omoio Comc:c|+| :|CO| :io |:+nc|sco |||.
io+o
|||:O| | |+t|on+| systcms o| |nnov+t|ons + com,+:+t|vc +n+|ys|s Ox|o:o Ox|o:o Un|vc:s|ty |:css. +,,,
|O|^|^ |. 1^||UC|| | !c |now|cogc-c:c+t|ng com,+ny |cw :o:| Ox|o:o Un|vc:s|ty |:css. +,,,
O|^||:^1|O| |O| |CO|O||C CO-O|||^1|O| ^|| ||V||O||||1. vO||| 8^|| |nnov+t|on
+no :owt| C|+s|ng + |ov|ng |:ont|c: : | s n]. ioo,
O|^||:^1|O| |O| |CO|O||C CO-O|||^1|O| ^|| ||V||O||||1 |+|n :c|cncc +no 1cc|no|ogy
|no|c+to:s vo|umc ioo,;i :| sn]. io+o
|^C||CO C ^s |c|o:m+s o+ |o||t|c+ |+c|on+| oc C|cnc|+. 1ccno|og|+ c |nov+io no 8:+s|| (+,,,-iooi)
C+m,|n+s C||^|. ioo,
|O|1|| | C|ustc:s +no t|c |cw |conom|cs o| Com,ct|t|on |n vo:|o V|cw |ob+| :t:+tcg|cs |o: t|c
|cw |conomy co ||||||: | 8oston |+:v+:o 8us|ncss :c|oo| |ub||s||ng. iooo , io+-ii,
:^X|||^| ^ !c |cw ^:gon+uts |cg|on+| ^ov+nt+gc |n + |ob+| |conomy |+:v+:o |+:v+:o Un|vc:s|ty
|:css. iooo
1|| |^|U|^C1U||| ||:1|1U1| !c |+cts ^bout |ooc:n |+nu|+ctu:|ng s co :| sn]. ioo,
:1^|| | C+|||o:n|+ + ||sto:y |cw :o:| |ooc:n ||b:+:y. ioo,
||:||1| |ts vocs. C+|||o:n|+s |:c+m :t||| ||vcs 1|||. i, out ioo, co|io on-||nc
U||1|| |^1|O|: CO||||||C| O| 1|^|| ^|| ||V||O||||1 U|C1^| su:vcy on t|c
|ntc:n+t|on+||z+t|on o| |8| cncv+ sn] ioo,
U: |||^|1|||1 O| ||||:: 8|ocnc:gy |csc+:c| Ccntc:s :| sn] ioos
N o va g e ra o d e p o ltic a e m c i n c ia , te c n o lo g ia e in o va o
SEMINRIO INTERNACIONAL
141
Programa do evento
|ov+ gc|+io oc o||t|c+ cm c|cnc|+ ccno|og|+ c |nov+io
Data .. oc m+:o oc .010
Local: :C| Qu+o:+ .. 8|oco ^. |o|||c|o Co:,o:+tc ||n+nc|+| Ccntc:. |s,+o ||O. 1 +no+: :+|io |+:+no+ . - 8:+s|||+;||
10:00 Caf de Boas Vindas
10:45 Abertura
^|cscnt+io oos ob,ct|vos c cxcct+t|v+s oo \o||s|o
Dra. Lucia Carvalho Pinto de Melo Presidenta do CGEE
11:00 ^ |xc||cnc|+ |ntc|n+c|on+| ^ c|scct|v+ oc|+| oo ||og|+m+ c|cncc o| c|cncc +no
|nnov+t|on |o||cy (c|||) o+ |+t|on+| c|cncc |ouno+t|on ||^
Palestrante:
Dra. Julia Lane (NSF)
11:45 Debates:
Relatora: Dra. Maria Carlota de Souza Paula (CGEE)
Coordenador: Dr. Jacob Palis (ABC)
12:30 Lanche
13:00 O c||| n+ v|sio o+ comun|o+oc oc csu|s+
Palestrante:
Dra. Susan Cozzens (Georgia Institute of Technology)
13:45 Comentadores (15 minutos cada um):
Dr. Glaucius Oliva (CNPQ)
Dr. Hernan Chaimovich (ABC)
Relator:
Dr. Carlos Augusto Moraes (CGEE)
Coordenador:
Dr. Celso Pinto de Melo (SBF)
14:15 Discusso Plenria
142
Centro de G esto e Estudos Estratgicos
Cincia, Tecnologia e Inovao
14:45
O contcxto o+ |ov+ Cc|+io o+ |C|
Palestrantes:
Dra. Lea Velho (UNICAMP)
Dra. Elizabeth Balbachevsky (USP)
15:30 Comentadores (15 minutos cada um):
||+ ^n+ |uc|+ ^ss+o (C||)
Dr. Jos Cassiolato (UFRJ)
Relatora:
Dra. Fernanda Sobral
Coordenador:
Dr. Evando Mirra de Paula e Silva
16:00 Discusso Plenria
1o!0 ^ |ov+ Cc|+io oc |C| scto||+| +s |Cs
Palestrante:
Dra. Clelia Piragibe
100 Comentador:
|| |+u|o |g|c (||||)
Relatora:
Dra. Maria Elenita Menezes Nascimento (CGEE)
Coordenador:
Dr. Marcio Wohlers de Almeida (IPEA)
11 Cons|oc|+ocs sob|c |+scs Concc|tu+|s cm | | c |nov+io
Palestrante:
Dra. Liz-Rejane Issberner (IBICT)
1c00 Comentador:
|| |+||+no |+ccoo
Relatora:
Dra. Regina Gusmo (MCT)
Coordenador:
Dr Maria ngela Campelo de Melo
1c1 Discusso Plenria
100 Encerramento do Workshop
Dra. Lucia Carvalho Pinto de Melo
N o va g e ra o d e p o ltic a e m c i n c ia , te c n o lo g ia e in o va o
SEMINRIO INTERNACIONAL
143
Apresentaes em Microsoft Power Point
Apresentaes em Microsoft Power Point
National Science Foundation
Update on the
Science of
Science & Innovation Policy
J ulia Lane
National Science Foundation
2
Overview
Program Status
Current Context
Scientific Challenges and Approach
Research and Findings
Visibility
Next Steps
144
Centro de G esto e Estudos Estratgicos
Cincia, Tecnologia e Inovao
National Science Foundation
Program Status
Background
program established in 2005, $8-10 million/year
Explicitly interdisciplinary economists, sociologists,
psychologists, political scientists, anthropologists, computer
scientists, domain scientists
Goals: Understanding (theories); measurement (models, metrics,
datasets); community of practice (academics, practitioners)
Current status
75 awards made in three solicitations since 2007
Active engagement with Science of Science Policy Interagency
group
3
National Science Foundation
4
Current Context
Investment in Science
American Recovery and Reinvestment Act
The National Academy of Sciences Speech, April 2009
Openness and transparency
data.gov; open.gov; etc.
Evidence based policy
Joint memo on Science and Technology Priorities for the FY2011 Budget :
Science of Science Policy (is the only program listed by name)
Accountability
ARRA Reporting Guidelines
Putting Performance First: Replacing PART with a new performance improvement
and analysis framework
N o va g e ra o d e p o ltic a e m c i n c ia , te c n o lo g ia e in o va o
SEMINRIO INTERNACIONAL
145
Apresentaes em Microsoft Power Point
National Science Foundation
Scientific Challenges: Conceptual
Production function framework great for aggregate impacts
source of result that more than 3/4 of post-1995 increase in productivity
growth can be traced to science investments
At micro level not so clear
Discovery innovation highly nonlinear
Unit of analysis
Input measures
Dependent on organizational systems
Outcome measures
Scientific; Economic; Social
Fundamental challenge: Establishing counterfactuals
Selection bias
Random assignment not an option
5
National Science Foundation
Scientific Challenges: Empirical
Science Policy
Data Infrastructure
Science agencies have proposal and award administration systems => no systematic
frame of individuals touched by science funding
Heterogeneous sources of outcomes
Scientific Attribution
Name disambiguation
Global enterprise
Innovation Policy
Data Infrastructure
Innovation within organizations
Scientific Frame
Confidentiality
Getting inside firms
Sharing data (necessary for generalizability and replicability)
Multinationals
6
146
Centro de G esto e Estudos Estratgicos
Cincia, Tecnologia e Inovao
National Science Foundation
SciSIP research approach
Qualitative/ Case Studies
Describe complex processes
Formulate hypotheses
Quantitative and Statistical Methods
Build new linked datasets on researchers, grants, patents, publications, citations
and firms and workers
Develop new tools for describing complex outcomes
Develop new models to tease out marginal impact of funding
Computational approaches
Cyberinfrastructure => vast amounts of heterogeneous data on individuals
Visual analytics
7
National Science Foundation
Examples of Research
Economics
Azoulay/Graff-Zivin Superstar Scientists
Hobijn/Comin Technology Adoption and Diffusion
Sociology
Woody Powell and others Networks
Zucker/Darby Large scale data infrastructure
Psychology
Schunn Analysis of team interactions
Gero Situated cognition views of innovation
Visualization
Visual Analytics
Mapping
8
N o va g e ra o d e p o ltic a e m c i n c ia , te c n o lo g ia e in o va o
SEMINRIO INTERNACIONAL
147
Apresentaes em Microsoft Power Point
National Science Foundation
Research Findings
9
National Science Foundation
Research Findings: Qualitative Research
Walshok: Studying boundary spanning networks in Philadelphia, St. Louis,
and San Diego.
Input provided to National Academy of Sciences, the Brookings Institution, and
the Office of Domestic Policy in the White House because of special focus given
to the cultural and social dynamics issues, which the NSF grant enables us to
pursue in a much more systematic manner.
Zak Taylor: Study of how federalism affects health care finance, health care
reform, and health policy innovation.
The case studies show that overall decentralization, rather than federalism alone,
aids technological progress by allowing its supporters to venue shop around
political resistance.
Decentralization also makes the state less vulnerable to capture by status-quo
interest groups. Moreover, political decentralization may have a positive effect on
technological diffusion, but a far weaker effect on innovation. Thus, prior
research that conflates these two effects should be revisited.
Federalism and Technological Change in Blood Products
Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law, Vol. 34, No. 6, December 2009
10
148
Centro de G esto e Estudos Estratgicos
Cincia, Tecnologia e Inovao
National Science Foundation
Research Findings (Quantitative Research)
11
Presentation by Nick Bloom to Bernanke in October, 2009
National Science Foundation
Research Findings: Quantitative Research
"In sum, attending to both the scientific and the social pressures on
materials selection by focusing attention on the diversity of lines in the
banks and at the bench is necessary to create an efficacious policy.
The first step is that federal funding be extended to all lines under reasonable
ethical standards of derivation.
The second step is to determine which lines are best suited to help researchers
reach their goals, thereby creating the greatest public benefit.
We suggest that new NIH policies focus equally on rationalizing rules and
standards for derivation and use of new lines and creating incentives to develop
and disperse diverse materials that are necessary to realize this fields promise.
Source:
Survey of 1271 requests for cell lines from Wisconsin's National Stem Cell Bank
Survey of 534 published hESC research articles
And then there were two: use of hESC linesNature Biotechnology, August 2009
(Scott, McCormick and Owen-Smith)
12
N o va g e ra o d e p o ltic a e m c i n c ia , te c n o lo g ia e in o va o
SEMINRIO INTERNACIONAL
149
Apresentaes em Microsoft Power Point
National Science Foundation
Research Findings: Quantitative Research
Azoulay and Graff-Zivin: Using a large comprehensive, longitudinal, matched employee-
employer database pertaining to 230,000 faculty members in all U.S. medical schools
between 1975 and 2006 as well as a variety of sophisticated techniques,
- Superstar extinction =>5 to 8% decrease in the quality-adjusted publication output of
coauthors.
-Due to loss of an irreplaceable source of ideas. The authors find that coauthors
proximate to the star in intellectual space experience a sharper decline in output, relative
to coauthors who work on less related topics
- Implications for the optimal allocation of public R&D funds, the apportionment of credit
amongst scientists, the formation of scientific reputations, and ultimately the design of
research incentives that foster innovation and continued economic growth.
Source: Superstar Extinctionby Pierre Azoulay, J oshua Graff Zivin and J ialan Wang ,
Quarterly J ournal of Economics (forthcoming)
To be featured in Slate and the Economist
13
National Science Foundation
Research Findings: Visualizations of
Science Portfolios
14
150
Centro de G esto e Estudos Estratgicos
Cincia, Tecnologia e Inovao
National Science Foundation
Visibility
15
National Science Foundation
16
N o va g e ra o d e p o ltic a e m c i n c ia , te c n o lo g ia e in o va o
SEMINRIO INTERNACIONAL
151
Apresentaes em Microsoft Power Point
National Science Foundation
17
National Science Foundation
Next Steps: NSF Linkages
Co-funding with multiple Directorates and programs
SBE (Economics, IOS, Sociology, STS, DRMS, Science of Learning Centers)
OISE
MPS (Chem)
CISE
EH&R
ENGR
Discovery in a Research Portfolio
CISE/SBE Advisory Committee
50 program officers/science assistants
10 teams of Pis
Recommendations by November
Partnership with Chemistry Dear Colleague Letter
Return on Investments in Chemistry
18
152
Centro de G esto e Estudos Estratgicos
Cincia, Tecnologia e Inovao
National Science Foundation
Next Steps: SOSP Linkages
19
Feedback fromthe 2008SoSP Workshop: shaped interagency research priorities for
SOSP:
Developing a Data Infrastructure for Science and Innovation Policy; Modeling;
Creating an Innovation Framework ; Informing and Assessing R&D Investments;
Conducting Outreach to Underrepresented Populations
Feedback from2009SoSP Workshop: Best Practices in Research and Development
Prioritization, Management, and Evaluation
Building community of practice; Focus on link to research coming out of NSF
SciSIP program
2010SoSP Workshop: Metrics
Economic Benefits (led by NSF); Social Benefits (led by NIH); Workforce
Development (led by DOE); Technology Deployment (led by NIST). The
topic of Diversity will be integrated into each of these modules (led by
NOAA).
National Science Foundation
Next Steps: International
International Emulation
Brazil?
Japan
UK
Changing the Conduct of Science in the Information Age
EuroHORCS
Center of Excellence in Middle East
20
N o va g e ra o d e p o ltic a e m c i n c ia , te c n o lo g ia e in o va o
SEMINRIO INTERNACIONAL
153
Apresentaes em Microsoft Power Point
National Science Foundation
Next Steps: STAR METRICS
STAR METRICS (Science and Technology for Americas
Reinvestment: Measuring the Effect of Research on Innovation,
Competitiveness and Science), is the first national federal and
university partnership to document the outcomes of science
investments to the public.
Initially, we will develop a transparent way of calculating the initial
impact of federal science spending on job creation.
Subsequently we will measure the impact of federal science
investment on economic growth (through patents, firm start ups
and other measures), on scientific knowledge (such as
publications and citations) and, later, on social outcomes (such as
health and environment)
National Science Foundation
STAR METRICS: Principles
Narrow and biased metrics will yield narrow and biased science
Metrics should be grounded in theoretical framework
Include scientific, social, economic outcomes
Should be generalizable and replicable
Bottom up
Empirical infrastructure
Derived from theory at most granular level
Minimize burden
Common to all stakeholders
Include full description of input measures
Include full description of outcomes (economic, scientific and social)
Combine inputs and outcomes
22
154
Centro de G esto e Estudos Estratgicos
Cincia, Tecnologia e Inovao
National Science Foundation
23
National Science Foundation
STAR METRICS Approach
Keeping it Simple
Academic Grantee Institutions
Federal S&T Funding Agencies
N o va g e ra o d e p o ltic a e m c i n c ia , te c n o lo g ia e in o va o
SEMINRIO INTERNACIONAL
155
Apresentaes em Microsoft Power Point
National Science Foundation
ECONOMIC IMPACT
BRIEF EXAMPLE:
25
National Science Foundation
26
156
Centro de G esto e Estudos Estratgicos
Cincia, Tecnologia e Inovao
National Science Foundation
1
st
Node: inventor; link: co-authorship; color: organization
LCC in S. Cal
National Science Foundation
Zeroing in on PIs
Node: inventor; link: co-authorship; color: organization
1. Knowledge
Diffusion
Three links out
(Singh 2005)
2. Sources of
Links
Student
graduation
Inventor
mobility
Direct
N o va g e ra o d e p o ltic a e m c i n c ia , te c n o lo g ia e in o va o
SEMINRIO INTERNACIONAL
157
Apresentaes em Microsoft Power Point
National Science Foundation
Zeroing in on
PIs
Morteza Gharib (Hans
W. Liepmann Prof of
Aeronautics and
Bioengineering)
Axel Scherer (Neches
Prof of Electrical Engineering,
Applied Physics and Physics)
probably generating
significant spillovers in
local economy, probably
through student mobility or
direct collaboration
Node: inventor; link: co-authorship; color: organization
National Science Foundation
30
158
Centro de G esto e Estudos Estratgicos
Cincia, Tecnologia e Inovao
National Science Foundation
31
Next Steps:
Science Agency and University Partnership
Current
OSTP and major science agency led initiative
Actual, administratively based, externally verifiable, measures of job creation for
pilot universities
Common empirical infrastructure available to all universities and science
agencies to quickly respond to State, Congressional and OMB requests
University faculty are invited to participate in matching exercise with citations,
patents, patent applications and other economic/scientific/social outcome metrics
National Science Foundation
32
Next Steps
ProgramExpansion
NSF/NIHpartnership, under leadership of OSTP
Full FDP and VicePresidents for Research
Development of Metrics
Job Creation (Direct, Overhead, Subcontracts/Subawards)
OSTP will workwithOMB
Scientific, Social and Economic
Development of Automated Reporting Tools
Automated support for PI reports (RPPR)
N o va g e ra o d e p o ltic a e m c i n c ia , te c n o lo g ia e in o va o
SEMINRIO INTERNACIONAL
159
Apresentaes em Microsoft Power Point
National Science Foundation
Contact Information
Stefano Bertuzzi (stefano.bertuzzi@nih.gov)
Diane DiEuliis (ddieuliis@ostp.eop.gov)
J ulia Lane (jlane@nsf.gov)
33
160
Centro de G esto e Estudos Estratgicos
Cincia, Tecnologia e Inovao
The Three Rs:
Connecting Social Sciences and Humanities Research
with Science and Technology Policymaking
Susan E. Cozzens
Georgia Institute of Technology
scozzens@gatech.edu
Reprise of my background paper
z U.S. has a long history of S&T policy-relevant social
science.
z First dedicated policy analysis staff established in
1970s using a mediated model.
Strength is translation.
Targeted contract and grant research have contributed to
the knowledge base.
z New effort is using network model.
Strength is breadth of staff involvement.
Broader research agenda can be supported.
z Best option may be a combination of the two.
N o va g e ra o d e p o ltic a e m c i n c ia , te c n o lo g ia e in o va o
SEMINRIO INTERNACIONAL
161
Apresentaes em Microsoft Power Point
What are the challenges?
z On the policy side:
The questions are very hard, maybe impossible.
Very few policy practitioners are actually
interested in research-based answers.
Staff come and go.
z On the research side:
Always using broader frameworks and theories.
Usually working on a different time scale.
Not often trained to communicate simply.
The Three Rs
z Receptor
Who wants the information in government or industry? Who
is ready to receive and use it?
z Resources
What resources are available to develop the information,
internally and externally?
z Research community
Who is willing to develop over the long term the knowledge
base and methods needed to respond to short-term
questions?
162
Centro de G esto e Estudos Estratgicos
Cincia, Tecnologia e Inovao
Receptor
z High level interest
z Policy support staff
z Continuous process of building staff
capability
Resources
z Internal resources for short and medium-term
studies
z Open procurement
z Support at a variety of levels
Small and large, junior and senior
z Core research program
To build theory, methods, and databases
N o va g e ra o d e p o ltic a e m c i n c ia , te c n o lo g ia e in o va o
SEMINRIO INTERNACIONAL
163
Apresentaes em Microsoft Power Point
Research Community
z Egalitarian inter-disciplinarity
Not dominated by .
Attitudes of mutual respect
z Humility
Willingness to listen and learn
Willingness to contribute to a team
z Courage
In conclusion
z We are in this
for the long term
on a cross-national basis
z Lets institutionalize as much as we can
Inside governments
Across governments
Outside governments
164
Centro de G esto e Estudos Estratgicos
Cincia, Tecnologia e Inovao
Contexto
Internacionalismo da PCTI
Bases conceituais
Estrutura organizacional
Instrumentos de financiamento
Formas de avaliao
Por que?
Relaes internacionais PCTI
Organizaes internacionais (padronizao)
Liderana intelectual
Globalizao economia e sistemas de pesquisa
Modos de Produo de
Conhecimento e Inovao.
Estado da Arte e Implicaes
para a PCTI
La Velho
Workshop Nova Gerao de Poltica
de Cincia, Tecnologia e Inovao
CGEE, Braslia 22 de Maro de 2010
N o va g e ra o d e p o ltic a e m c i n c ia , te c n o lo g ia e in o va o
SEMINRIO INTERNACIONAL
165
Apresentaes em Microsoft Power Point
Argumento
O foco, os instrumentos e as formas de
avaliao que definem a PCTI so
estreitamente relacionados com o conceito
de cincia
Mudana na concepo de cincia coloca
desafios importantes para a compreenso
dos processos de gerao e utilizao do
conhecimento cientfico
Nova concepo de cincia deveria informar
polticas diferenciadas de PCTI em relao
concepo anterior
Perodo
Paradigma
Ps-Guerras 1980s
Cincia como Motor do
Progresso
A partir da dcada de 1990
Cincia como Fonte de
Oportunidade Estratgica
Concepo
de Cincia
Histrica e socialmente neutra
Universal
Lgica interna prpria
Socialmente construda
Relativismo
Estilos Nacionais
Conhecimento local e tcito
Quem Produz
Conhecimento
Os cientistas
(Repblica da Cincia)
Normas e Valores
Sistema de Recompensa
reconhecimento pelos pares
Cientistas, Engenheiros, outros
profissionais ( complexa rede de
atores e interesses), usurios
Diversidade de configuraes das
redes
Relao
C&T&I&S
Linear
science push
Demand pull
Modelos Interativos
Integra oferta e demanda
Reversibilidade das redes
Racionalidade e
Foco
Poltica CT&I
Fortalecimento da Capacidade de
Pesquisa
Ofertismo
Foco na Poltica Cientfica
Identificao de prioridades
Vinculacionismo
Foco na Poltica Tecnolgica
Programas estratgicos
Pesquisa colaborativa
("Parceirismo")
Coordenao e gesto
infraestrutura
Foco na Poltica de Inovao
Anlise e
Avaliao
Indicadores de input
Indicadores bibliomtricos
Reviso por pares (a cincia de
qualidade, mais cedo ou mais
tarde, encontra aplicao
Reviso por pares ampliado
Anlise de Impactos Programas
Foresight e construo cenrios
Indicadores cientficos ??
Indicadores de inovao ??
Participao pblica ??
166
Centro de G esto e Estudos Estratgicos
Cincia, Tecnologia e Inovao
Conhecimento para a PCTI
Cincia universal e socialmente neutra
houve uma enorme atividade de produo
de conhecimento que deu sustentao
PCTI
Sistema social da cincia
Repblica da cincia
Bases de publicaes
Metodologias e modos de interpretao:
peridicos, sociedades cientficas etc
Padronizao para comparao
Nova Gerao PCTI
Reinterpretar o conhecimento gerado no
paradigma anterior
Vrias questes a serem respondidas
Conceituais
Metodolgicas e de produo de informao
Polticas
N o va g e ra o d e p o ltic a e m c i n c ia , te c n o lo g ia e in o va o
SEMINRIO INTERNACIONAL
167
Apresentaes em Microsoft Power Point
Conceituais
O que significa cincia socialmente
contextualizada?
Contexto parte da pesquisa?
Como a pesquisa pode incorporar elementos
do contexto?
estilos nacionais?
Incorporao de conhecimento local, tcito?
Participao pblica: construo agenda,
avaliao, credibilidade
Conceituais
Processos de formao de novos
pesquisadores
Pouco preparados para a carreira fora da
pesquisa acadmica
Como desenvolver: habilidades de
negociao, resoluo de conflitos, interao
com outros atores,
Multidisciplinaridade (avaliao????)
168
Centro de G esto e Estudos Estratgicos
Cincia, Tecnologia e Inovao
Conceituais
Abandono do modelo linear de inovao
gera um conjunto de questes:
Como as inovaes ocorrem em contextos
especficos?
Qual o papel do conhecimento cientfico no
processo de inovao? (agenda de
pesquisa?)
Como essas prticas diferem entre
tecnologias, indstrias, setores, regies,
pases?
Metodolgicas
A longa sobrevivncia do modelo linear de
inovao, apesar das crticas que sofreu,
deve-se s estatsticas. Tendo se enraizado
com ajuda das categorias estatsticas para
contar recursos e alocar fundos cincia e
tecnologia e se tornado o padro nos
manuais metodolgicos da OECD, o modelo
linear funcionava como um fato social.
Modelos rivais, por sua falta de
fundamentos estatsticos, no podiam
substituir o modelo linear facilmente
(Godin, 2006: 641)
N o va g e ra o d e p o ltic a e m c i n c ia , te c n o lo g ia e in o va o
SEMINRIO INTERNACIONAL
169
Apresentaes em Microsoft Power Point
Polticas
cincia universal e socialmente neutra e
modelo linear de inovao: concepes
profundamente arraigadas entre os
pesquisadores brasileiros e no aparato do
governo (e, provavelmente, tambm no
imaginrio popular).
As organizaes acadmicas e os
pesquisadores at hoje justificam a
necessidade de mais recursos para
pesquisa usando esse modelo
O Fantasma do Modelo Linear
Todo mundo sabe que o modelo linear de
inovao est morto (Rosenberg, 1994:
139)
Ghostbusters!
que venham os caadores de fantasmas, na
forma de produo de conhecimento que
possa informar uma nova gerao de
PCTI tipping point (Gladwell 2002)
170
Centro de G esto e Estudos Estratgicos
Cincia, Tecnologia e Inovao
Poltica Cientfica,
Tecnolgica e de
Inovao no Brasil:
heranas e desafios
Profa. Dra. Elizabeth Balbachevsky
DCP/USP e NUPPs/USP
A poltica cientfica como uma
relao de delegao
| Um modelo para o entendimento dos
desafios e dilemas da poltica cientfica e de
inovao:
z A natureza (terica) da relao de delegao
z A poltica cientfica como uma dupla relao
de delegao:
Sociedade > agncias
Agncias > comunidade de pesquisa (e demais
atores envolvidos no processo de inovao)
N o va g e ra o d e p o ltic a e m c i n c ia , te c n o lo g ia e in o va o
SEMINRIO INTERNACIONAL
171
Apresentaes em Microsoft Power Point
Dilemas da relao de
delegao
| Duas ordens de dilemas implcitos na
relao de delegao
z Erro de seleo
z Risco moral
| (Braun) Tipologia de desenhos de poltica
cientfica:
z Delegao cega (pressuposies e limites)
z Delegao por incentivos
limites, exacerbao do risco moral
A superao dos limites da poltica
cientfica como delegao
| Origem das limitaes:
z Desarticulao entre valores e objetivos perseguidos
por diferentes atores
Falta de sintonia nas sinalizaes presentes em
diferentes ambientes institucionais
Custos
| Soluo: alinhamento de valores:
z Delegao por contrato
z Delegao para redes
Reforma na hierarquia/sistema de valores das
instituies
Delegao para redes: preservao da autonomia.
172
Centro de G esto e Estudos Estratgicos
Cincia, Tecnologia e Inovao
A poltica cientfica brasileira:
modelo interpretativo
| Anos setenta: delegao cega
z a direo intelectual das polticas foi
entregue s lideranas cientficas
nacionais
z Para o pesquisador individualmente o
acesso aos recursos passava por seu
reconhecimento junto a essa elite
z Limitaes do modelo decorrentes do
tamanho diminuto da comunidade
cientfica
Anos 80
| Crise: escassez e imprevisibilidade do
acesso aos recursos distribudos por canais
tradicionais abre espao para a
diversificao das fontes de recursos
z Estado continua sendo a fonte mais segura
Novas fontes no alteram desenho de fundo das
polticas de C&T mas criam alternativas tticas
que no tm impacto sobre as hierarquias
acadmicas
N o va g e ra o d e p o ltic a e m c i n c ia , te c n o lo g ia e in o va o
SEMINRIO INTERNACIONAL
173
Apresentaes em Microsoft Power Point
Anos 90 e 2000
| reformas criam um ambiente institucional favorvel para a
implantao das sistemticas de delegao por incentivo
z reformas reforaram as agncias amplaindo competncias
institucionais
competncias de coordenao e de monitoramento
| Anos 2000: primeiras experincias de delegao para rede
| Ausncia de polticas de delegao por contrato cria um
descompasso entre o processo decisrio institucional e o
ambiente externo
z Ausncia de uma reforma mais profunda das estruturas de
governana das instituies de pesquisa e universidades
z Fragilidade da capacidade de resposta das inst. de
pesquisa
Descompasso institucional
| Novos processos de institucionalizao da pesquisa
no interior da universidade brasileira Complexidade
dos novos espaos institucionais
z Descompasso entre a governana da universidade
e as necessidades colocadas por esses novos
ambientes
z crescimento das instncias de coordenao,
orientao, regulao e avaliao da atividade de
pesquisa sem uma clara re-orientao de valores e
do sistema de recompensas
Presses homogenizadoras X processos de
diferenciao
174
Centro de G esto e Estudos Estratgicos
Cincia, Tecnologia e Inovao
A interface internacional
| As reformas na rea de cincia e tecnologia no so produto de
processos exclusivamente domsticos mas tambm respondem
a sinais difundidos em arenas internacionais.
| A difuso de conceitos e temticas do ambiente internacional
para o ambiente domstico no pode ser entendida como uma
simples transplantao de novos valores que suplantam
automaticamente outros mais antigos
| o resultado final um processo de reconstruo local, onde
contedos e significados so re-interpretados de acordo com as
expectativas e os valores pr-existentes. Esse processo de
localizao de normas produzidas pelos fruns internacionais
(Acharya, 2004) na experincia brasileira precisa ser estudado,
pois pode revelar importantes condicionantes para o processo
decisrio da poltica cientfica, tecnolgica e de inovao
Desafios do presente
| Trajetria da poltica cientfica
brasileira:
z Anos setenta: articulao com um
projeto de desenvolvimento do pas.
z Final dos anos noventa: re-articulao
centrada no conceito de inovao
Conceito de inovao como um
instrumento de ancoragem que cria uma
interface agregada e multivalente entre
cincia e poltica, mas que ainda assim
impe poderosos lastros para o espao
de definio de polticas e instrumentos
especficos
N o va g e ra o d e p o ltic a e m c i n c ia , te c n o lo g ia e in o va o
SEMINRIO INTERNACIONAL
175
Apresentaes em Microsoft Power Point
Workshop
A Nova Gerao de Poltica Cientfica e de
Inovao
Braslia, 22 de maro de 2010
Bases Conceituais em P&D e Inovao
Bases Conceituais em P&D e Inovao
Objetivo
identificar e analisar condicionantes da inovao no mundo contemporneo
e propor novas abordagens para a formulao de indicadores e polticas
Por que buscar novos caminhos para elaborar
indicadores de P&D e Inovao?
Porque a noo de valor se transformou
Porque os indicadores que hoje existem foram moldados em outra
poca
Porque o setor servios hoje considerado o motor da economia
Porque ainda sabemos pouco sobre o papel do aprendizado na
inovao
Porque a interao e colaborao vm ganhando importncia ante o
esquema tradicional linear de se conceber o processo inovativo
176
Centro de G esto e Estudos Estratgicos
Cincia, Tecnologia e Inovao
Sumrio
Apresentao
I- Em direo a uma nova abordagem da inovao
(Issberner)
II- Indicadores de Inovao e Capitalismo Cognitivo (Cocco)
III- Os Servios de TI e a Inovao do Sculo XXI:
necessidade de uma nova agenda para a produo de
indicadores (Pinheiro e Tigre)
IV- Indicadores de Inovao: dimenses relacionadas
aprendizagem (Cassiolato e Stallivieri)
V- A importncia das interaes para a inovao e a busca
por indicadores (Maculan)
Anexo: Inovao, atividade inovativa e P&D na
legislao uma anlise comparativa dos conceitos
legais e suas implicaes (Mello)
N o va g e ra o d e p o ltic a e m c i n c ia , te c n o lo g ia e in o va o
SEMINRIO INTERNACIONAL
177
Apresentaes em Microsoft Power Point
Inovao
Adi o de val or : conheci ment o espec f i co +
cr i at i vi dade +capaci t ao comuni cat i va e
r el aci onal
APRENDI ZADO
Conheci ment o
ant i go
Conheci ment o
novo
mei o
f i nal i dade
Redes de interao
Locus de gerao, de propagao e de valorizao de
conhecimentos/significados
comuni cao
A t Mi ft P P
Implicaes de polticas
o capitalismo cognitivo e a velha economia
Como formular estratgias de inovao para a produo de bens tpicos da fase
anterior do capitalismo, onde predominava a produo de mercadorias por meio de
conhecimento (por exemplo, bens de capital, mquinas para produo de mquinas
ou insumos bsicos? Certamente o imaterial est incorporado nesses produtos
(P&D, design, marca, etc.), mas at que ponto o valor dessa produo depende ou
condicionada pela criao de mundos ou de significados?
o papel das interaes nas inovaes
Em que medida os processos de comunicao podem ser induzidos por polticas
pblicas? H riscos de distores quando as iniciativas no resultam do setor
produtivo? possvel diferenciar que tipo de interaes aumenta o potencial de
inovao das empresas? Se as interaes estiverem de fato ocorrendo, como no caso
de empresas e universidades, elas esto levando a um aumento das inovaes?
inovaes abertas
Ser a inovao aberta uma estratgia adequada ao contexto brasileiro? At que
ponto vale a pena orientar as polticas de inovao para essa direo? Quais seriam
os efeitos possveis desse modelo junto s empresas brasileiras?
178
Centro de G esto e Estudos Estratgicos
Cincia, Tecnologia e Inovao
novos parmetros de pesquisa (Pintec, novas pesquisas: inovao no
imaterial inclusive comparaes internacionais)
A abertura do conceito de inovao de processo produtivo para diferenciar
a logstica e outras atividades de apoio satisfatria ou se confunde com os
conceitos entre inovao de processo e organizacional? Como diferenciar
melhor os conceitos de inovao de produto e marketing? possvel e / ou
factvel avanar na construo de surveys especficos para captar as
dimenses analticas desejadas (servios, agronegcios, etc.)?
aprendizado, educao, capacitao (para o imaterial)
Que tipo de conhecimento se deve buscar e gerar alm dos cientficos e
tecnolgicos? Como se obtm conhecimentos? Com quem se aprende?
Dentro da prpria organizao? Com clientes? Com fornecedores? E ainda,
de que forma as surveys apreendem o processo de aprendizado? Como se
qualificam os novos produtores de conhecimento? Como criar mundos
possveis nos quais vincular os bens materiais? Em um ambiente de criao
coletiva como identificar lacunas na capacitao de recursos humanos para
a inovao? Seria a criatividade um elemento valorizado pelo sistema
educacional brasileiro? E mais, em que medida a cultura inovativa pode
ser fomentada pelo sistema educacional?
Implicaes de polticas
em busca de tipologias de inovao
Relatrio Lvy e Jouyet: embrio de desenvolvimento de
novos indicadores de inovao para o imaterial:
(a) Os investimentos (tecnolgicos) em Pesquisa &
Desenvolvimento e no desenvolvimento de softwares se
traduzem assim em ativos de patentes, know how, design e
modelos e, obviamente, software
(b) Os investimentos (ligados ao imaginrio) de propaganda
e comunicao se consolidam em propriedade intelectual e
artstica e marcas
(c) Os investimentos (gerenciais) em educao e formao
contnua e em softwares e outras tecnologias da informao
e da comunicao bem como as despesas de marketing se
consolidam, diz o relatrio em capital humano, data-bases
de clientes, fornecedores, assinantes, suportes de venda,
cultura gerencial e especficos processos de organizar a
produo
N o va g e ra o d e p o ltic a e m c i n c ia , te c n o lo g ia e in o va o
SEMINRIO INTERNACIONAL
179
Apresentaes em Microsoft Power Point
CINCIA, TECNOLOGIA
CINCIA, TECNOLOGIA
E INOVA
E INOVA

O NA
O NA
CALIF
CALIF

RNIA:
RNIA:
A PERSPECTIVA EMPRESARIAL A PERSPECTIVA EMPRESARIAL
Cl Cl lia Piragibe lia Piragibe
CGEE, 22/03/2010 CGEE, 22/03/2010
180
Centro de G esto e Estudos Estratgicos
Cincia, Tecnologia e Inovao
Caracter Caracter sticas recentes do sticas recentes do Silicon Valley Silicon Valley
Mantem lideran Mantem lideran a mundial como a mundial como cluster cluster de alta tecnologia: de alta tecnologia:
predom predom nio de empresas l nio de empresas l deres em TICs (Apple, HP, Intel, AMD, Goggle, deres em TICs (Apple, HP, Intel, AMD, Goggle,
Cisco, etc) com concomitante permanente cria Cisco, etc) com concomitante permanente cria o de novas rmas inovadoras o de novas rmas inovadoras
em novos setores (nfase em biotecnologia, e tecnologias limpas em novos setores (nfase em biotecnologia, e tecnologias limpas- - cleantechs cleantechs) )
Regio l Regio l der dos investimentos de capital de risco privado der dos investimentos de capital de risco privado: 40% do : 40% do
total norte total norte- -americano em 2009 americano em 2009: : concentrados em energia, biotecnologia, concentrados em energia, biotecnologia,
software ( software ( economias de aglomera economias de aglomera o e busca crescente de mercados externos) o e busca crescente de mercados externos)
Crescimento dos arranjos interorganizacionais Crescimento dos arranjos interorganizacionais
Importncia crescente dos ativos intang Importncia crescente dos ativos intang veis veis
Maior Maior portabilidade portabilidade dos empregos: dos empregos: brain drain brain drain brain circulation brain circulation
Crescente competi Crescente competi o da China com os EUA o da China com os EUA
em atividades de alta tecnologia em atividades de alta tecnologia
Obama promulga ARRA (US$787B.), onde Obama promulga ARRA (US$787B.), onde
a busca da lideranca dos EUA em energias a busca da lideranca dos EUA em energias
limpas e enfatizada, com potencial criacao limpas e enfatizada, com potencial criacao
de 720.000 postos de trabalho ate 2012, de 720.000 postos de trabalho ate 2012,
MAS MAS
Applied Materials Applied Materials implanta seu maior implanta seu maior
lab lab ratorio de pesquisa emplacas solares em ratorio de pesquisa emplacas solares em
Xian: estima Xian: estima- -se que 2/3da produ se que 2/3da produ o mundial o mundial
dessas placas, em2010, ocorra na China. dessas placas, em2010, ocorra na China.
Da mesma maneira, a GM e a Intel esto Da mesma maneira, a GM e a Intel esto
colocando importantes laborat colocando importantes laborat rios em rios em
Shanghai e Beijing:China e o maior mercado Shanghai e Beijing:China e o maior mercado
mundial para automoveis, computadores mundial para automoveis, computadores
pessoais e Internet pessoais e Internet
N o va g e ra o d e p o ltic a e m c i n c ia , te c n o lo g ia e in o va o
SEMINRIO INTERNACIONAL
181
Apresentaes em Microsoft Power Point
BRIKS BRIKS: : desempenho recente em CTI desempenho recente em CTI
INDICADOR Brasil China Coria
Sul
ndia Russia
% das Xs em bens alta tecnologia 2007 12 30 33 5 7
Pesquisadores em P&D 2006 84.971 926.252 179.812 117.528 464.577
Gastos em P&D (US$B.) 2007 14,6 101,5 38,9 21,3 22,0
Artigos cientcos publicados 2005 9.889 41.596 16.396 14.608 14.4123
Patentes registradas pelo USPTOmdia
2002/2006
448 4.233 316 194
Pagamentos por royaltiese
licenciamentos (US$ milhes) 2007
2.259 8.192 5.075 949 2.806
Fontes: Banco Mundial (2007), OCDE (2008)
Novas Tendncias em Pol Novas Tendncias em Pol ticas e Processos de Inova ticas e Processos de Inova o o
Crescente conte Crescente conte do cient do cient co interdisciplinar co interdisciplinar
das inova das inova es tecnol es tecnol gicas gicas
Importncia das inova Importncia das inova es no es no- -
tecnol tecnol gicas, sobretudo em servi gicas, sobretudo em servi os os
Mudan Mudan as nas estrat as nas estrat gias gias levam a levam a
empresariais : empresariais : open innovation open innovation
Presses da demanda: por produtos e Presses da demanda: por produtos e
servi servi os os verdes; verdes; envelhecimento envelhecimento mudan mudan as as
populacional nos pa populacional nos pa ses mais ricos ses mais ricos
Inova Inova es sociais e redes es sociais e redes
Globaliza Globaliza o dos mercados de insumos e o dos mercados de insumos e
dos resultados das inova dos resultados das inova es es
Pap Pap is dos is dos atores atores no no
processo de inova processo de inova o: o:
- - rmas rmas
- - governo governo (central e region (central e regional) al)
- - pesquisa p pesquisa p blica (univ, IP) blica (univ, IP)
- - ONGs e sociedade civil ONGs e sociedade civil
Abordagem das pol Abordagem das pol ticas: ticas:
- - objetivos estrat objetivos estrat gicos gicos
- - rationales rationales
- - instrumentos e instrumentos e mix mix
- - governan governan a politica do a politica do
sistema de sistema de inova inova o o
182
Centro de G esto e Estudos Estratgicos
Cincia, Tecnologia e Inovao
Escopo da Pol Escopo da Pol tica de Cincia e Inova tica de Cincia e Inova o o
Condies Estruturais para a Inovao:
Funcionamento dos mercados, estrutura regulatria, condies macroeconmicas,
governana corporativa, educao, infraestrutura de comunicaes, etc.
Poltica de Cincia, Tecnologia e Inovao
Medidas de Estmulo Demanda
Politica de compras
Promoo de
Inovaes em PME
Parcerias Pblico-
Privadas
Politicas de
Apoio a I em
C& P&D
Politicas de reforo
a competitividade
Politicas para
fortalecer elos com
sistemas de inovao
Incentivos scais a P&D: subsdios
Medidas de Apoio a Oferta
TRIAD
China
India
Fonte: OCDE (2008)

Das könnte Ihnen auch gefallen