UNIVERSIDAD DEL ZULIA NCLEO COSTA ORIENTAL DEL LAGO, SEDE CABIMAS DEPARTAMENTO CS. FORMALES SECCIN DEPART.

COMUNICACIN Y EPISTEMOLOGA PROGRAMA DE INGENIERA DE PETRLEO

FACILITADORA: PROFA. CLENTICIA BALLESTERO VALBUENA (LCDA. Y MSc.) TELF. CEL. 0414-6595826

CABIMAS, MAYO 22 DE 2013

PETICION DE SABIDURIA A DIOS TODOPODEROSO

Pensando estoy conmigo mismo y considerando en mi corazn que se encuentra la inmortalidad en emparentar con la Sabidura, en su amistad un placer bueno, en los trabajos de sus manos inagotables de riquezas, prudencia en cultivar su trato y prestigio en conversar con ella, por todos los medios buscaba la manera de hacerla ma. Era yo un muchacho de buen natural, me cupo en suerte un alma buena, o ms bien, siendo bueno, vine a un cuerpo incontaminado; pero comprendiendo que no podra poseer la Sabidura si Dios no me la daba, -y ya era un fruto de la prudencia saber de quien proceda esta graciaRecurr al Seor y le ped, y dije con todo mi corazn: Dios de los Padre, Seor de la misericordia, que hiciste el universo con tu palabra, y con tu Sabidura formaste al hombre para que dominase sobre los seres por ti creados, administrase el mundo con santidad y justicia y juzgase con rectitud de espritu, DAME LA SABIDURA, que se sienta junto a tu trono, y no me excluyas del nmero de tus hijos. Que soy un siervo tuyo, hijo de tu sierva, un hombre dbil y de vida efmera, poco apto para entender la justicia y las leyes. Pues, aunque uno sea perfecto entre los hijos de los hombres, si le falta la sabidura que de ti procede, en nada ser tenido.
Sb9, 1-6 Tomado de: Biblia de Jerusaln ISBN:330-0022-5 IMPRIMATUR, Bilbao, 15 de noviembre de 1975

After completing this unit student should be able to: Recognize the division of English Language Teaching. Analyze and recognize the difference between General English and English for Specific Purposes. Recognize the importance of English as a tool language for being updated with the latest information about their professional area.

Unit I: The three of ELF Task 1: Look at the lower part of the tree and indicate the branches in which ELT is divided. Do this in Spanish, please.

Task 2.What is the meaning of: INITIALS MEANING IN ENGLISH EMT EFL ESL

MEANING IN SPANISH

Task 3. In which ways can ESL be divided. Do it in Spanish, please.

Task 4. In which branches is EFL divided? Do it in Spanish, please.

Task 5. What is the meaning of GE? Do it in Spanish, please.

Task 6. How is GE divided? Do it in Spanish, please. Task 7. How is ESP divided? Do it in Spanish, please. Task 8. What is the meaning of the following initials? Do it in Spanish, please. INITIALS EST EBE ESS MEANING IN ENGLISH MEANING IN SPANISH

Task 9. How are these subareas subdivided? Do it in Spanish, please.

Task 10. Look at the upper part of the tree and give two examples of each subarea, please.

INITIALS EST

SUBDIVISION A: EAP: B: EOP:

EBE

A: EAP: B: EOP:

ESS

A: EAP: B: EOP:

EXAMPLE IN SPANISH 1. 2. 1. 2. 1. 2. 1. 2. 1. 2. 1. 2.

UNIT II: MACROFUNCTION OF THE TEXTS

After completing this unit student should be able to:

Recognize the texts macrofunctions using discourse markers and other reading strategies studied.

UNIDAD II: MACROFUNCIN DE LOS TEXTOS

MATRIZ DE COMPETENCIAS: COMPETENCIAS Habilidad para reconocer las macrofunciones de los textos. INDICADORES DE LOGRO Distingue las macrofunciones de: Normas Instrucciones Descripcin de funcin Descripcin de proceso Descripcin fsica Narracin Definicin. Clasificacin Forma imperativa Presente simple Voz pasiva/presente simple * Pasado simple/voz pasiva Indicadores de secuencia Adverbios: always/never Adjetivos Expresiones introductorias de descripcin fsica. Expresiones de funcionamiento. Fechas. Indicadores de secuencia cronolgica Expresiones de definicin Expresiones de clasificacin Secuencial (acciones) No secuencial Secuencial (pasos) Secuencial (eventos)

Habilidad para reconocer la forma verbal de acuerdo a la macrofuncin del texto. Habilidad para reconocer marcadores del discurso de acuerdo a la macrofuncin del texto.

Habilidad para distinguir la organizacin de los textos.

MACROFUNCTIONS OF TEXTS TASK 1: READ THE FOLLOWING TEXT MACROFUNCTIONS THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS AND FILL IN SPANISH THE BLANK BOX PROVIDED.
INSTRUCTIONS: an instruction is a discourse that tells someone how to do something. A set of instructions a listyof actions. They specify: why the Adapted from: Pires,include M., (2000). Oxford University Press. a) (1980) actions are necessary (purpose), b) how to perform the actions (the method). Therefore, they specify the actions which are necessary to achieve a particular result. They express relations between actions. These relations include methods and purpose. Instructional information includes: theory or the why of the instruction, caution, recommendation and warning. Adapted from: Pires, M., (2000). y Oxford University Press. (1980) DESCRIPTIONS PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION Gives information about physical characteristics of an entity, an equipment, a substances, an object, or a system. Each type includes particular characteristics such as form, occurrence, color, parts, properties, structure, reactions, uses, and so on. PROCESS DESCRIPTION It refers to the steps of a procedure that are interrelated with each other. Each step is dependent on the preceding step and all of them lead toward a goal. The main aspects found in descriptions of processes can be summarized as follows: - Series of activities which determine the different stages of process. -Sequence of stages. -Changes occurring from one stage to another. -Purpose of the process and of the different stages. -Method of performing the activities. -Equipment and components used. Adapted from: Pires, M., (2000). y Oxford University Press. (1980) FUNCTION DESCRIPTION It gives information about the use or purpose of some device or equipment and the functioning of each main part. Descriptions of how things work refer to: a)Structure: a device can consist of a number of parts. b) Function: the parts of a device have different functions. The functions of the parts make possible the operation of the whole device.

DEFINITIONS: a definition expresses a concept of a thing, a process, a science, etc. In making a definition we normally give. a) The specific concept being defined. b) The class to which the specific concept belong. c) The specific characteristics of the concept which make it different from other members of the same class. Definitions can be simple, completed in one sentence, or expanded in a paragraph with descriptions, generalizations and examples. Adapted from: Pires, M., (2000). Y Oxford University Press. (1980)

NARRATION: it reports a series of events that refer to what happened (the event) and when things happened (the time). It generally follows a logical sequence. Adapted from: Oxford University Press. (1980)

CLASSIFICATION: it includes the following information: Entity: things being classified. Criteria: basis to make the classification. Groups: types that are formed. There are two main ways in which classifications can be organized. Specific to general: the writer is concerned to place entities into groups to which they belong. He proceeds from the specific to the general. General to specific: the writer is concerned to divide a general group into smaller groups and give specific examples of each group. He proceeds from the general to the specific. Adapted from: Oxford University Press. (1980)

Prof. Elizabeth Padrn A.

MAIN FEATURES OF MACROFUNCTIONS

MACROFUNCIN FORMA VERBAL INSTRUCCIN
Forma imperativa (stem)

FSICA
Presente simple (stem+s)

DESCRIPCIN PROCESO
Voz pasiva (to be + p.p) Presente simple Indicadores secuencia: de

FUNCIN
Presente simple (stem+s)

NARRACIN
Pasado simple (stem + ed) Voz pasiva Fechas: In 1987, by 1957 until 1890, on june 28 ,1990 during the (late/
th

DEFINICIN
Presente simple (stem+s)

CLASIFICACIN
Presente simple (stem+s)

Indicadores secuencia: First (ly), before, second,

de

Adjetivos Expresiones: consist (s) of contain (s) include (s) have/has to be (made up/ composed) to be formed by of

Expresiones: serve (s) to

Expresiones: is, are to be (defined/ called/ known) as can / may be defined as de

Expresiones: to be (divided / classified) into.. there are (two) (types/classes/ kinds) of the first (type/ kind/class) is

in the (first) stage / place, the (second) step/ stage is afterwards, then, later, before, after

enable (s) coordinate (s).. operate (s) regulate (s) to be (in charge of/ for) one function of (this) is responsible

finally,

later, then, after, in the (first) place,

middle) 1930s. in the 1980s. Indicadores secuencia: some years later, meanwhile, later, since then, after that time, at the (beginning/end ) of..

MARCADORES DEL DISCURSO (CLAVES CONTEXTUALES)

initially, after (this/that), second, to begin with... Adverbios Always Never

ORGANIZACIN

Secuencial (acciones)

No secuencial

Secuencial (pasos)

No secuencial

Secuencial (eventos)

No secuencial

No secuencial

READING STRATEGIES RECOGNIZING THE MACROFUNCTION OF THE TEXTS AND DISCOURSE MARKERS

Among the reading strategies that help the reader understand the subject matter of a text is Identifying the function of a text The functions (or macrofunction) that most frequently occur in English for Science and technology are: Definition, description (function, process or physical), classification, instruction, narration and visual-verbal relationship. Adapted from Trimble L., 1985 TASK 1: Read the following text extracts and state its macrofunction by writing an X. Text N1: ROTARY RIGS USES: Rotary rigs are used for a variety of purposes drilling oil, gas, water, geothermal and petroleumstorage wells; mineral assay coring; and mining and construction projects. The most significant application, however, is oil and gas drilling. In the rotary method (introduced to oil and gas drilling in about 1900), the drill bit is suspended on the end of a tubular drillstring (drill stem) which is supported on a cable/pulley system held up by a derrick. Taken from A. Smith/Schlumberger Co. Ms 2001 www.miswaco.com

Text macrofunction MARK (X) Definition Narration Physical description Process description Function description Instruction Classification Now, write three discourse markers you follow. Write them in English and indicate the line number, please. __________________________________( L ) __________________________________(L ) __________________________________(L ) Text N2: ROCK BITS CLASSIFICATION Rock bits are classified according to the types of bearings and teeth they have. Bearing types include (1)non-sealed roller bearings, (2) sealed roller bearing and (3) journal bearing. When referring to bits by the type of teeth they have, the terms: (1) milled tooth and (2) Tungsten Carbide Insert (TCI) Taken from A. Smith/Schlumberger Co. Ms 2001 www.miswaco.com

Text macrofunction

MARK (X)

Definition Narration Physical description Process description Function description Instruction Classification Now, write three discourse markers you follow. Write them in English and indicate the line number, please. __________________________________( L ) __________________________________(L ) __________________________________(L )

Text N3: APIS HISTORY The origin of the American Petroleum Institute date back to World War I, when Congress and the domestic oil and natural gas industry worked together to help the war effort. At the time, the industry include the companies created in 1911 after the court-imposed dissolution of Standard Oil and the independents. These were companies that had been independent of Standard Oil. These companies had no experience working together, but they agreed to work with the government to ensure that vital petroleum supplies were rapidly and efficiently deployed to the armed forces. Taken from www.api.org Text macrofunction

MARK (X)

Definition Narration Physical description Process description Function description Instruction Classification Now, write three discourse markers you follow. Write them in English and indicate the line number, please. . __________________________________( L ) __________________________________(L ) __________________________________(L )

Text N4: IPM is a part of Schlumberger Oilfield Services (OFS). It is a group of some 2.000 employees, including 850 engineers, who provide services to large oil and gas companies, also known as operators. Primarily, IPM provides management and engineering skills necessary to the buildings, rehabilitations or management of an oil or gas field which we shall call a project. Taken from A. Smith/Schlumberger Co. Ms 2001 www.miswaco.com Text macrofunction Definition Narration MARK (X)

Physical description Process description Function description Instruction Classification Now, write three discourse markers you follow. Write them in English and indicate the line number, please. __________________________________( L ) __________________________________(L ) __________________________________(L ) Text N5: Mud circulates through many pieces of equipment, all of which play an important role. Circulation equipment includes the mud pump, the discharge line, the standpipe, the rotary hose, the swivel (or top drive), and the Kelly (on rigs with a rotary-table system), the drill pipe, the drill collars, the bit, the annulus, the return line, the shale shaker, the desilter, the desander, the mud tanks, and the suction line. The mud pump takes mud from the mud tanks and sends it out a discharge line to a standpipe. The standpipe is a steel pipe mounted vertically on one leg of the mast or derrick. Mud flows out of the standpipe and into the rotary hose, which is connected to the swivel on rotary-tablesystem rigs or to ht top drive, mud goes through passageways inside it. Once it leaves the kelly or the top drive, mud flows down the drill stem, out the bit. It does a sharp U-turn and heads back up the hole in the annulus. The annulus is the apace between the outside of the drill string and sides of the hole. As it flows up the annulus, the mud carries the cuttings made by the bit. Taken from Ron Baker. A basic text of oil and gas drilling. Schlumberger 2001. pages 112-115

Text macrofunction

MARK (X)

Definition Narration Physical description Process description Function description Instruction Classification Now, write three discourse markers you follow. Write them in English and indicate the line number, please. __________________________________( L ) __________________________________(L ) __________________________________(L )

Text N6: SELECTIVE RE-ENTRY SYSTEM (SRS) The Weatherford Selective Re-entry Multilateral systems allows you to sidetrack numerous times form the parent well, while providing you with the ability to mill the lateral windows in close proximity to each other. The SRS system offers reliability, simplicity and cost-effectiveness in its operation. It enables easy re-entry into any lateral for initial stimulation at completion or for future medial work, reducing the time, risk and cost required to locate each lateral. Further, it significantly improves the location of the same lateral for future work. The SRS system reduces the susceptibility of erosion form drilling and stimulation fluids and increases the success rate for en-entry completions. The

Weatherford SRS assembly includes a retrievable whipstock and permanent large bore packer, which provides parent well accessibility during re-entry. Taken from www.weatherford.com

Text macrofunction

MARK (X)

Definition Narration Physical description Process description Function description Instruction Classification Now, write three discourse markers you follow. Write them in English and indicate the line number, please. __________________________________( L ) __________________________________(L ) __________________________________(L )

TEXT N 7: Leadership Leadership" can be defined as "the ability of an individual to influence, motivate, and enable others to contribute toward the effectiveness and success of the organizations of which they are members" (House, R. J. 2004: page 15). No matter how one defines leadership, it typically involves an element of vision. A vision provides direction to the influence process. A leader (or group of leaders) can have one or more visions of the future to aid them to move a group successfully towards this goal. This page was last modified 20:41, 28 June 2006. All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License. (See Copyrights for details.) Wikipedia is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.

Text macrofunction

MARK (X)

Definition Narration Physical description Process description Function description Instruction Classification Now, write three discourse markers you follow. Write them in English and indicate the line number, please. __________________________________( L ) __________________________________(L ) __________________________________(L )