INTRODUCTION

Page 1

INTRODUCTION
When entering a customers home with your service order, look for specific things, depending on the nature of the trouble call. Each drop system component is a potential problem, including TV sets, matching transformers, drop cables, F-connectors, RF switches, VCRs, set-top terminals, splitters, splices, directional couplers, grounding systems, traps, and taps. This lesson focuses on problems at the TV set. It teaches how to identify and correct problems by: (1) inspecting the front and back of the TV set and its RF and AC connections; (2) using test equipment (Figure 1); and (3) adjusting TV settings and controls.
Digital multimeter Set-top terminal

Lesson Objectives:
Upon successful completion of this lesson, the student will be able to: 1. Use a DMM to identify AC input voltage problems at a set-top terminals convenience AC outlet; 2. Use a DMM to identify improper wiring at polarized threehole, polarized two-slot, and nonpolarized two-slot AC wall outlets; 3. Use an AC outlet tester to identify improper wiring at polarized three-hole, polarized two-slot, and nonpolarized two-slot AC wall outlets; 4. Check for a TV set or set-top terminal hot chassis condition or AC voltage on the drop with a DMM; 5. Use an SLM to verify proper RF input levels to the set-top terminal and TV set; 6. Identify impedance mismatch problems; 7. Identify and correct TV problems caused by wrong channel selection or wrong antenna mode and tuner format settings; 8. Identify and correct TV problems caused by misadjusted finetuning controls, channel programming problems, and misadjusted picture and audio settings; 9. Troubleshoot inherently defective TV sets; and 10. Troubleshoot inherently defective TV sets with stereo audio problems.

RF in

RF out

TV set
N

Cable wall plate

TI

TV input port VHF/UHF

Measuring AC voltage at receptacle to check wiring polarity

Signal level meter Measuring RF input level to set-top terminal

I

GH

DE

PQ

C AB

O MN

YZ

L JK

VW

ce

U ST

spa

TV test set Discovering wrong TV channel displayed Checking picture quality on a TV test set

Figure 1. Troubleshooting TV-related problems.

COPYRIGHT - NCTI, INC.

TROUBLESHOOTING BASIC TV PROBLEMS

Page 2

INTRODUCTION/EXAMINING AC INPUT VOLTAGE PROBLEMS

NOTES

Since the symptoms of the specific type of problem listed on your service call order form appear in the picture and/or sound, the customers TV set is the logical place to begin visual inspections and test equipment measurements. Tuning controls, TV functions settings, channel selection, coaxial cable connections, and the impedance selector position can be visually inspected. Test equipment is needed to check AC input voltage, a hot chassis condition, and RF input signal levels.

EXAMINING AC INPUT VOLTAGE PROBLEMS

To check the TV sets AC input voltage, first have the customer turn on the TV set, either at the set-top terminal or the TV set. It is important to have the customer turn on the TV set. That way, if the set is defective, the customer and not you feels accountable. If the TV set does not come on, verify that its power cord is plugged into an active convenience AC outlet on the rear of the set-top terminal or directly into an active AC wall outlet.

Checking the Set-top Terminal Convenience AC Outlet

In Figure 2A, the set-top terminal AC power cord is plugged into an active AC wall outlet, and the TV set AC power cord is plugged into the switchable convenience AC outlet on the rear of the terminal. Turn on the TV set by turning on the terminal. If the TV set does not come on, ensure that the TV ON/OFF switch is in the on position. If the switch is in the correct position and the TV set still doesnt come on, use an analog or digital multimeter (DMM) to verify that 115 VAC +10% is present at the terminals switchable AC outlet, as shown in Figure 2B. A
Terminal channel number is displayed

DMM indicates 115 VAC

Test leads inserted into terminals switchable AC outlet

Blank screen

TI

TV power switch is on No AC power to TV set even with terminal AC power present Measuring AC voltage at terminal's switchable AC outlet

Figure 2. Determining why this TV set does not come on and checking AC voltage at the set-top terminal convenience AC outlet. (Courtesy of Scientific-Atlanta Denver Service Center)

TROUBLESHOOTING BASIC TV PROBLEMS

COPYRIGHT - NCTI, INC.

EXAMINING AC INPUT VOLTAGE PROBLEMS

Page 3

Checking the AC Wall Outlet

If the TV set or the set-top terminal AC power cord is plugged into a receptacle of an AC wall outlet and the TV set or terminal does not come on, first look for a wall switch that might control that receptacle. If this wall switch is found in the off position (Figure 3A), turn it on and verify that the TV or terminal is now operating properly. If no wall switch is found, use a DMM to check for 115 VAC +10% at the receptacle of this AC wall outlet. If there is no AC voltage at the wall outlet (Figure 3B), check to see if its circuit breaker or ground fault circuit breaker is either off or tripped. Ask permission to reset the tripped breaker. Remeasure the AC voltage at the receptacle and verify that there is 115 VAC 10% (Figure 3C). A TV set, VCR, or set-top terminal may not function properly because its AC input voltage is not within the typical operating range of 115 VAC +10%. If the AC voltage is not within the required operating range of the electronic device, ask the customer to call a licensed electrician or the local power company to correct the problem. A
Switch in off position

NOTES

WARNING!!
Shorting DMM test leads together while making an AC voltage measurement can melt test leads, trip a circuit breaker, or possibly cause an electrical shock!

B
0 VAC reading Test leads inserted in top receptacle slots

C
115 VAC reading Test leads inserted in top receptacle slots

AC outlet

TI

TV set and set-top terminal off because wall switch has power turned off to receptacle

No AC voltage due to circuit breaker tripped

Verifying 115 VAC +10% after resetting breaker

Figure 3. Discovering why there is no power to TV set and set-top terminal and measuring the AC voltage at the receptacle of the TV sets or set-top terminals AC wall outlet.

Review Questions, Part I

1. Why is it important to have the customer turn on the TV set when you first start troubleshooting? What AC voltage level should be measured at the settop terminals convenience AC outlet?

3.

What should you look for first if the TV set or set-top terminal AC power cord is plugged into an AC wall outlet and the TV or terminal does not come on? What should you check if there is no AC voltage measured at an AC wall outlet that does not have a wall switch?

4.

2.

COPYRIGHT - NCTI, INC.

TROUBLESHOOTING BASIC TV PROBLEMS

Page 4

CORRECTING A HOT CHASSIS CONDITION

NOTES

CORRECTING A HOT CHASSIS CONDITION

It is possible to receive an electrical shock or see a spark while connecting or removing coaxial cables from the TV set, VCR, or set-top terminal. These are symptoms of a hot chassis condition, which can be caused by: (1) improper wiring of a polarized receptacle; (2) cutting the wide blade on the TV set, VCR, or terminal power cord plug and incorrectly plugging it into a polarized or nonpolarized AC wall outlet; (3) plugging an adapter incorrectly into a nonpolarized receptacle; or (4) an internal problem in the TV set, VCR, or set-top terminal. These conditions cause an application of AC voltage to the chassis ground. This section describes how to identify and isolate the cause of a hot chassis condition at AC wall outlets and customer premises devices.

WARNING!
If a hot chassis condition is found, do not proceed with your installation or troubleshooting unless you can identify and disconnect the device or AC outlet causing the hot chassis condition.

Checking for Improper Receptacle Wiring

Before assuming that the TV set or another customer premises device is the cause of a suspected hot chassis condition, use an AC outlet tester or a DMM to verify the AC wall outlet has proper wiring polarity. Testing procedures are different for each of the three types of AC receptacles. Always follow your systems policies for testing AC wall outlets and using grounding adapters with AC receptacles. Testing a Polarized Three-Hole Receptacle A polarized threehole receptacle has two slots of unequal length, plus a third hole for the AC power cords grounding prong. To check the wiring polarity of a threehole receptacle with an AC outlet tester, simply plug the device into the receptacle, as shown in Figure 4A. Next, check the indicator lights against the devices chart of test results. Figure 4B is a chart of test results for a typical AC outlet tester. Always check the chart of test results for your particular model of tester. A
Disconnected AC power cord
N

B INDICATOR
LIGHTS
Open Grou nd Open Neut ral Open Hot Hot/ Grou Reve nd rsed Hot/ Neutra Revers l ed Correct

TI

MICR ONTA

FAULT Open ground Hot and ground reversed Hot and neutral reversed Correct

REASON FOR WIRING FAULT Ground contact not connected Hot and ground contacts interchanged Hot and neutral contacts interchanged Receptacle is wired correctly Unlighted

Left red and middle green lights lit on AC outlet tester AC outlet tester indicating hot and neutral wires are reversed in a polarized three-hole receptacle
LEGEND: Red light

Green light

AC outlet tester chart

Figure 4. Checking the polarity of a polarized three-hole receptacle using an AC outlet tester. TROUBLESHOOTING BASIC TV PROBLEMS COPYRIGHT - NCTI, INC.

CORRECTING A HOT CHASSIS CONDITION

Page 5

Using a DMM to check wiring polarity requires multiple measurements between different pairs of holes on a three-hole receptacle. A properly wired polarized three-hole receptacle must have all of the following: (1) no significant voltage between the long slot and the ground hole; (2) 115 VAC 10% between adjacent slots; and (3) 115 VAC 10% between the short slot and the ground hole. A DMM reading of 115 VAC 10% or any significant voltage between the long slot and the ground hole indicates improper wiring polarity (Figure 5). No AC voltage between adjacent receptacle slots indicates no AC input voltage. No AC voltage between the short slot and the ground hole also indicates no input AC voltage or improper wiring. Do not connect any AC power cords to a faulty AC wall outlet. Testing a Polarized Two-Slot Receptacle Check the wiring polarity of a grounded receptacle with slots of unequal length and no ground hole with either: (1) a polarized grounding adapter and an AC outlet tester; or (2) a DMM. To use an AC outlet tester, first remove the AC outlet wall plate screw (Figure 6A). Plug the grounding adapters polarized prongs into the receptacle by inserting the widest blade of the adapter into one long slot and the narrowest blade into its adjacent short slot. Fasten the adapters green grounding tab to the receptacle with the AC wall plate screw (Figure 6B). Plug the AC outlet tester into the grounding adapter (Figure 6C). Determine the wiring condition by correctly interpreting the displayed indicator lights according to the chart in Figure 4B on page 4. A
Short slot (normally hot)

NOTES

Red probe in longest slot

115 VAC +10% on DMM

N

Black probe in ground hole

TI

Figure 5. Using a digital multimeter to determine that a polarized three-hole receptacle has improper wiring polarity.

Polarized grounding adapter

Narrowest blade Grounding adapter Widest blade

TI
Open Grou nd Open Neut ral Open Hot Hot/ Grou Reve nd rsed Hot/ Neutra Revers l ed Correct

Wall plate screw

MICR ONTA

Long slot (normally neutral) AC wall outlet with polarized two-slot receptacles

Grounding green tab with wall plate screw Installing polarized grounding adapter

Inserting AC outlet tester Inser ting AC outlet tester into grounding adapter

Figure 6. Checking the polarity of a polarized two-slot receptacle using an AC outlet tester and a polarized grounding adapter.

Figure 7A (on page 6) shows an example in which the AC outlet tester center green light is lit. This indicates the polarized two-slot receptacle is not grounded. In this case, do not use this receptacle to power the TV set, VCR, or set-top terminal. However, temporarily grounding the receptacle at this point allows you to further test whether the receptacle has correct wiring polarity. This knowledge helps determine if the outlet
COPYRIGHT - NCTI, INC. TROUBLESHOOTING BASIC TV PROBLEMS

Page 6

CORRECTING A HOT CHASSIS CONDITION

NOTES

is the cause of the hot chassis condition. To temporarily ground the receptacle, connect an insulated ground wire between the cable wall plate connector and the AC outlet wall plate screw, as shown in Figure 7B. Then check the outlet testers indicator lights again. A
Open ground indicator light (one green light in center)
A T N O R IC M
nd en pu l O ro n a G p e tr u Oe n e N p t O o / nd ed H o t u rs l d H ro e v a G e t/ tr s e R ou r H e ve t Ne c R re r o C

B
Ground wire clipped to cable wall plate connector
A T N O R IC M
nd en pu l O ro n a G pe tr u Oe n e N p t dd Oo ne H ot/ u rs l d H ro e v a G e t/ tr se R ou r H e ve t Ne c R e rr o C

TI

Left red and middle green lights lit

Ground wire attached to AC outlet wall plate screw Reading open ground indication on AC outlet tester Temporarily grounding ungrounded polarized two-slot receptacle

Figure 7. Using an AC outlet tester to determine a polarized two-slot receptacle has an open ground, and temporarily grounding the receptacle.

If the outlet testers indicator lights show the hot and neutral wires are reversed (Figure 7B), the receptacle does not have correct wiring polarity. Do not use this receptacle for powering the TV set or any other devices. Tell the customer to not use this outlet until it is repaired by a licensed electrician. If the outlet tester indicates all wiring is correct, then the hot and neutral wiring in the receptacle is correct. So long as this receptacle is temporarily grounded, and if a properly wired AC outlet is not available, you may temporarily use the receptacle to power the TV set and other customer premises devices while you check whether those devices are themselves causing the hot chassis condition. However, do not use this receptacle for permanent powering of the TV set or any other devices. Tell the customer to have the receptacle repaired by a licensed electrician. Do not plug any AC power cords into an improperly wired AC wall outlet. To use a DMM to check the wiring polarity of a polarized two-slot receptacle, perform and confirm all of the following voltage measurements: (1) no significant voltage between the long slot and the wall plate screw; (2) 115 VAC +10% between the long slot and the short slot; and (3) 115 VAC +10% between the short slot and the AC wall plate screw. If any of these measurements are not as described, the AC receptacle is not correctly wired. Do not use it to power any devices. For example, measuring 0 VAC or near 0 VAC between the AC wall plate screw and the short slot, as shown in Figure 8A, indicates either improper wiring or an improper absence of AC voltage. Measuring 115 VAC +10% between the longest receptacle slot
TROUBLESHOOTING BASIC TV PROBLEMS COPYRIGHT - NCTI, INC.

CORRECTING A HOT CHASSIS CONDITION

Page 7

and the cable wall plate connector (Figure 8B) indicates that the hot and neutral wires are reversed. Do not plug any AC power cords into an improperly wired AC wall outlet. A
Black probe touching wall plate screw Red probe in shortest slot

NOTES

One test probe inserted into longest slot of polarized twoslot receptacle

Other test probe touching cable barrel connector

0.241 VAC reading DMM set to measure AC voltage

N

Measuring 120.8 VAC

TI

Determining receptacle has improper wiring or no AC

Determining hot and neutral wires are reversed

Figure 8. Using a digital multimeter to check the wiring polarity of a polarized two-slot receptacle.

Testing a Nonpolarized Two-Slot Receptacle A nonpolarized two-slot receptacle is an older style of AC receptacle that has two short slots. The wide blade on an AC power cord plug will not fit in either of the two slots. You may find that the wide blade of the AC power cord plug on the customers TV set, VCR, or set-top terminal was cut and plugged into a nonpolarized two-slot receptacle in a way that either caused a hot chassis condition, blew a fuse, or burned up the terminal device. Inspect all AC power cord plugs to ensure that the wide blades are not cut. Ask the customer to have all altered plugs repaired prior to plugging them back into an AC outlet. It also is possible to find a grounding adapter with nonpolarized prongs plugged into a nonpolarized two-slot receptacle in a way that either caused a hot chassis condition, blew a fuse, or burned up the TV set, VCR, or set-top terminal. Follow your systems policy concerning the use of grounding adapters and nonpolarized receptacles. To use an AC outlet tester to determine if the grounding adapter is incorrectly plugged into a nonpolarized two-slot receptacle, unplug its AC power cord, temporarily install a ground wire between the AC outlet wall plate screw and the cable ground, and plug an AC outlet tester into the adapter. Observe the indicator lights on the tester. If a fault is indicated (Figure 9A on page 8), unplug the adapter, rotate the prongs 180, plug the adapter into the
COPYRIGHT - NCTI, INC. TROUBLESHOOTING BASIC TV PROBLEMS

Page 8

CORRECTING A HOT CHASSIS CONDITION

NOTES

receptacle, and confirm that the tester lights indicate proper installation (Figure 9B). A
Ground wire clipped to barrel connector

B
Ground wire clipped to barrel connector

Red light on right and green light in middle Grounding adapter improperly installed

TI

Two green lights on right

Grounding adapter properly installed

Figure 9. Using an AC outlet tester and temporarily grounding the receptacle to the cable wall plate barrel connector to check wiring on a nongrounded, nonpolarized two-slot receptacle.

To use a DMM to determine if the grounding adapter is correctly plugged into a nonpolarized, two-slot receptacle: (1) touch the black test probe to the AC wall plate screw, insert the red test probe into the right slot (Figure 10A), and verify the reading on the display is 115 VAC +10%; and (2) touch the black test probe to the AC wall plate screw, insert the red test probe into the left slot (Figure 10B), and verify the reading on the display is 0 VAC. If your measurements match the above readings, connect the ground wire from the adapter to the AC wall plate screw and orient the adapter so that its short female slot is on the right as you plug it in (Figure 10C). However, if the 115 VAC and 0 VAC readings are reversed, connect the ground wire from the adapter to the AC wall plate screw and orient the adapter so that its short female slot is on the left as you plug it in (Figure 10D). Do not plug any AC power cords into an improperly wired AC wall outlet. A
0

25 MULTIMETER

B
H V 30 0

25 MULTIMETER

C
H V 30

AC grounding adapter

AC grounding adapter

30 10 20

30 10 20

Black test lead Red test lead

RANGE

HOLD

OFF V mV

~ V
mV

mA/A

~ mA/A
A + A
!

Red test lead Black test lead Nonpolarized two-slot receptacle

RANGE

HOLD

OFF V mV

~ V
mV

mA/A

~ mA/A
A + A
!

A OFF V +

A OFF V +

AC wall plate screw

AC wall plate screw

10A MAX

10A MAX

100V MAX

100V MAX

mA A

320mA MAX

COM

mA A

320mA MAX

COM

Nonpolarized two-slot receptacle

DMM

DMM

TI

Measuring AC voltage between the right slot and the AC wall plate screw

Measuring no AC voltage between the left slot and the AC wall plate screw

Plugging in grounding adapter if readings match

Plugging in grounding adapter if readings are reversed

Figure 10. Determining proper orientation for a grounding adapter on a nonpolarized two-slot AC receptacle.

TROUBLESHOOTING BASIC TV PROBLEMS

COPYRIGHT - NCTI, INC.

CORRECTING A HOT CHASSIS CONDITION

Page 9

Checking for a Defective Electronic Device

If a hot chassis condition is suspected and the AC receptacle wiring polarity is correct, disconnect AC power from one electronic device at a time to determine which device is causing the hot chassis condition. Set up and connect a DMM to measure AC voltage between the cable wall plate barrel connector threads and the disconnected input coaxial cables F-connector nut (Figures 11A11C). When no AC voltage is measured between the wall plate and the coaxial cables F-connector body, the device that is currently disconnected from the AC outlet is causing the hot chassis condition. Repair it prior to using it. Also, use the DMM to check for voltage between the F-connector nut and the center conductor of the input coaxial cable when it is connected to the wall plate connector, as shown in Figure 11D. If AC voltage is present, inform your supervisor and do not reconnect the input cable. A
75 VHF input Set-top terminal convenience outlet Out In AC outlet Cable wall plate connector

NOTES

AC TV AC power cord unplugged from outlet AC convenience outlet 75 Terminal VHF input convenience Out In outlet

Cable wall plate connector

Terminal AC cord TV AC power cord >0 VAC TV AC power cord TV SET OFF TERMINAL ON

Terminal AC cord 0 VAC

TI

TV SET ON TERMINAL ON

Terminal input cable disconnected from wall plate

Terminal input cable disconnected from wall plate

Presence of AC voltage between set-top terminal input cable F-connector nut and wall plate F-81 barrel connector threads indicates hot chassis condition at either the TV set or terminal

No AC voltage between terminal input cable F-connector nut and F-81 barrel connector threads at cable wall plate indicates hot chassis condition at TV set

AC TV AC power cord unplugged from outlet AC convenience outlet 75 Terminal VHF input convenience Out In outlet Terminal AC cord TV AC power cord TV SET OFF TERMINAL ON

Cable wall plate connector

D
75 VHF input Set-top terminal convenience outlet Out In

AC outlet

Cable wall plate connector

>0 VAC

TV AC power cord TV SET OFF TERMINAL OFF Touching center conductor

Cable disconnected Touching F-connector from terminal input connector >0 VAC

Terminal input cable disconnected from wall plate

Presence of AC voltage between cable wall plate F-81 barrel connector threads and set-top terminal input cable F-connector nut indicates hot chassis condition at terminal

AC voltage present between F-connector nut and center conductor of terminal input cable indicates AC voltage on drop cable

Figure 11. Determining which device is causing a hot chassis condition.

COPYRIGHT - NCTI, INC.

TROUBLESHOOTING BASIC TV PROBLEMS

Page 10

CORRECTING A HOT CHASSIS CONDITION

Review Questions, Part II

5. 6. Describe four causes of a hot chassis condition. What two pieces of test equipment can be used to verify that a polarized receptacle has proper wiring polarity? Describe the three DMM voltage measurements that indicate a polarized three-hole receptacle is properly wired. What is indicated by an AC voltage reading of 115 VAC +10% between the long slot and the ground hole of a polarized three-hole receptacle? How do the slots differ in a polarized two-slot receptacle compared to a nonpolarized two-slot receptacle? 10. Describe how to temporarily ground a polarized twoslot receptacle that has an open ground. What should you do if a polarized three-hole or twoslot receptacle is improperly wired with the hot and neutral wires reversed? How do you determine which electronic device is causing a hot chassis condition?

11.

7.

12.

8.

9.

TROUBLESHOOTING BASIC TV PROBLEMS

COPYRIGHT - NCTI, INC.

VERIFYING PROPER RF INPUT LEVELS

Page 11

VERIFYING PROPER RF INPUT LEVELS

Low RF input levels to the TV set can cause snowy pictures. High RF input levels can cause cross-modulation. To measure RF input levels to the TV set, first disconnect the coaxial cable from the matching transformer or 75 connector at the rear of the TV set. Then connect the disconnected coaxial cable to the signal level meter (SLM) RF input connector and tune the SLM to the video carrier of the set-top terminals output channel (Figure 12A). Measure the RF video level of any desired cable channel with the SLM by tuning the terminal to that desired channel. Tune the SLM to the desired video carrier when the TV set is connected directly to the wall plate (Figure 12B). The RF input levels are improperly low in both measurements illustrated in Figures 12A and 12B. The FCC-required minimum RF level for all video carriers at the input to the matching transformer or 75 VHF connector is 0 dBmV. Broadband cable system policies typically specify a minimum RF level between 0 dBmV and 3 dBmV, and a maximum RF level between 10 dBmV and 15 dBmV. Always learn and follow your systems specifications. A B

NOTES

Cable wall plate

Terminal output cable

L

Select channel 4 in level mode

LEVE
TV

67.25

MHZ

Terminal output channel is ch. 4

+15 +10 +5 +0 -5 -10 -15 -20

-16.0 71.75

dBmV

MHZ

-31.0
F E

dBmV dB

Select channel 21 in level mode

LE
TV

EL
MHZ

67.25

+15 +10 +5 +0 -5 -10 -15 -20

0 -16. 71.75 V dBm 0 dB -31.

MHZ

dBm

ABC

DEF

GHI

F E

JKL

MNO

PQR

STU

VWX

YZ

space

micr

MS1000

3
2
DE F

GHI

Terminal is tuned to ch. 55 Measuring -16 dBmV RF video level on channel 4 at output of settop terminal tuned to channel 55

C AB

6
MNO

PQ

R YZ

5
L JK U ST

9
X sp ac e

VW

TI

mi

cro

MS

1000

Measuring -10 dBmV RF video level on channel 21 at cable wall plate (no set-top terminal is installed)

Figure 12. Measuring improperly low RF levels at the output of a set-top terminal and the output of a cable wall plate.

Review Questions, Part III

13. When checking RF input levels, what video carrier should the SLM be tuned to when the SLM is connected to a set-top terminals output cable? 14. What is the FCC-required minimum RF input level for video carriers at the matching transformer or 75 VHF connector?

COPYRIGHT - NCTI, INC.

TROUBLESHOOTING BASIC TV PROBLEMS

Page 12

FIXING IMPEDANCE MISMATCH

NOTES

FIXING IMPEDANCE MISMATCH

Snowy pictures can be caused by a 75/300 impedance switch (Figure 13A) or a movable 75 link (Figure 13B) in the wrong position or by a 75 internal coaxial jumper left unplugged (Figure 13C). Always place these types of impedance selectors in the 300 position when a matching transformer is installed to achieve satisfactory picture quality. Place them in the 75 position when directly connecting the set-top terminal output cable or broadband drop input cable to a 75 VHF connector.

B
300 VHF antenna terminals

C
Set-top terminal output cable 300 VHF antenna terminals

75 75

300 300 Impedance switch (on back of TV set)

Link in 75 position
N

Matching transformer
TI

Disconnected coaxial jumper cable

Matching transformer

Snowy picture from impedance switch in wrong position

Movable link in 75 position

75 coaxial jumper unplugged

Figure 13. Examples of an impedance switch, a movable link, and an internal coaxial jumper in the wrong positions, causing snowy pictures.

Review Questions, Part IV

15. When a matching transformer is installed at the VHF antenna terminals of a customer s TV set, what position should the impedance selector be in? 16. What position must the impedance selector be in when directly connecting a set-top terminal output cable to a TV sets 75 VHF connector?

TROUBLESHOOTING BASIC TV PROBLEMS

COPYRIGHT - NCTI, INC.

RECOGNIZING INCORRECT FUNCTION SETTINGS

Page 13

RECOGNIZING INCORRECT FUNCTION SETTINGS

Picture and/or sound quality problems can be caused by the channel selector position, antenna mode and tuner format settings, finetuning and channel programming controls, or misadjusted picture and audio settings. Setting these functions incorrectly can cause a customer to not receive certain broadband cable channels or to see or hear a wrong channel. Incorrect function settings also can cause beats in the picture, audio buzz or hiss, too dark or bright of a picture, unacceptable color or shade of color, or vertical or horizontal instability. This section explains: (1) how to recognize incorrect function settings; and (2) how to correctly set the TV adjustments using manual switches or onscreen menus.

NOTES

Finding TV Channel Selector on Wrong Channel

The most basic setting for a TV set connected to a set-top terminal is tuning the TV set to the terminals output channel (typically ch. 3 or ch. 4). If the TV set is not tuned to the set-top terminals output channel, the wrong channel may be displayed. An example of this problem is shown in Figure 14, in which: (1) The set-top terminals output channel is channel 4; (2) the TV set is incorrectly tuned to channel 3; (3) the set-top terminal is tuned to channel 36 (the desired channel); and (4) the TV set is displaying channel 35 (not the desired channel). If the customer has a TV set that automatiTerminal outTerminal put channel is tuned cally tunes to channel 2 is ch. 4 to ch. 36 when the AC power is first turned on, explain to the customer that the Viewing ch. 35 TV set must be manually tuned to the set-top terminals output channel. If the customer s TV set has a programTV tuner mable channel memory, on ch. 3 program the TV set to include the set-top terminals output channel Figure 14. An example of a TV set not tuned to the in the TV sets channel set-top terminals output channel, causing the wrong TV channel to be displayed. (Courtesy of memory. Antec)
N TI

COPYRIGHT - NCTI, INC.

TROUBLESHOOTING BASIC TV PROBLEMS

Page 14

RECOGNIZING INCORRECT FUNCTION SETTINGS

NOTES

Correcting Antenna Mode and Tuner Format Settings

If a cable-ready TV set without a set-top terminal is not receiving all the channels provided by your cable system, its antenna mode and/or tuner format may be set incorrectly. Antenna mode and tuner format may be separate settings or combined in one setting, and may be set by manual switches or through on-screen menus, depending on the TV model. Setting Antenna Mode The antenna mode options for TV sets typically are listed as Normal/CATV, Antenna/Cable, Air/Cable, or Antenna/CATV. A cable-ready TV set without a set-top terminal will not receive all authorized broadband cable channels unless Cable or CATV is selected as the antenna mode. If the antenna mode is incorrectly set to Normal (or Air or Antenna), the TV set tunes only to VHF channels 2-13 and UHF channels 14-69. Setting the mode correctly to Cable or CATV allows a cable-ready TV set to receive the proper broadband cable layout of channels, including the nine or more broadband cable channels in the frequencies between the over-the-air channels 6 and 7. Figure 15A illustrates setting the antenna mode to Cable on a TV set that uses on-screen menus, and Figure 15B shows a TV set with a manual switch for setting the antenna mode. A B

TI

Antenna mode switch (CATV or NORMAL) Setting antenna mode to CABLE Example of using an on-screen menu to set antenna mode to Cable Example of a TV set with a manual switch for setting antenna mode to either CATV or Normal

Figure 15. Examples of using an on-screen menu or a manual switch to set the antenna mode.

Setting Tuner Format In some cases it is necessary to change the TV sets tuner format to receive all offered broadband cable channels. An incorrect tuner format setting can cause channel reception problems regardless of whether the TV set is connected to a set-top terminal. Typical TV tuner formats are Standard, HRC, and IRC. Proper selection is determined by your broadband cable system. Make this
TROUBLESHOOTING BASIC TV PROBLEMS COPYRIGHT - NCTI, INC.

RECOGNIZING INCORRECT FUNCTION SETTINGS

Page 15

adjustment either with an on-screen menu or a manual switch, depending on the particular TV set. Figure 16 shows an on-screen menu for a TV set that combines the antenna mode and tuner format adjustments into one setting. For the TV set in Figure 16: (1) Air/Cable is the name of the setup menu item that combines the antenna mode and tuner format settings; and (2) Cable IRC is being selected instead of the other options (not shown) of Figure 16. One example of using an on-screen Antenna, Cable STD, and menu to set a TV sets antenna mode and tuner format. Cable HRC.
N TI

NOTES

Be aware that some older TV sets cannot receive all the broadband cable system channels even when the antenna mode and tuner format are set correctly. In some cases, a TV set labeled cable-ready or cable compatible may be unable to tune to all of your systems channels because the TV set has a limited bandwidth. For example, an older cable-ready TV set that can tune only to channels 2-41 (i.e., 54-330 MHz) cannot tune to the higher frequency channels in a broadband cable system that transmits channels 2-61 (i.e., 54-450 MHz) or higher. In that situation, provide a set-top terminal to allow the customer to receive all your systems channels.

Correcting Fine-Tuning and Programming Problems

If a TV sets antenna mode and tuner format have been set correctly but poor picture quality or channel access problems persist, the cause may be misadjusted fine-tuning or incorrect channel programming. Channel fine-tuning problems are more typical of older TV sets, while channel programming problems are more often a problem with newer TV sets. Adjusting Fine-Tuning A TV set may require minor fine-tuning adjustments when the TV channel selector is correctly set to the set-top terminals output channel, but lines (beats) are visible on the TV screen, as shown in Figure 17A (on page 16). An example of extremely misadjusted fine-tuning controls is shown in Figure 17B, in which the set-top terminal is tuned to channel 23, but channel 24 is seen and heard. To correct these problems on older TV sets that do not have automatic fine-tuning, adjust the manual fine-tuning controls. Rotary, screw-adjust, and thumbwheel controls are three kinds of manual fine-tuning controls
COPYRIGHT - NCTI, INC. TROUBLESHOOTING BASIC TV PROBLEMS

Page 16

RECOGNIZING INCORRECT FUNCTION SETTINGS

NOTES

found on older TV sets. For newer TV sets with automatic fine-tuning but no manual fine-tuning controls, the AFC/AFT switch in the off position also can cause misadjustment of the picture. A
Terminal is tuned to ch. 23
N

B
TI

Terminal is tuned to ch. 23

Viewing beats in ch. 23

TV tuned to ch. 3

Viewing ch. 24

TV tuned to ch. 3

Beats in picture, caused by slightly misadjusted fine-tuning

Wrong channel being displayed, caused by extremely misadjusted fine-tuning

Figure 17. Examples of TV picture problems caused by incorrect adjustment of TV channel fine-tuning.

Correcting Programming Problems The most common channel programming problem is an available channel not being stored in a newer TV sets channel programming memory. This causes the desired channel to be skipped when the channels are scanned using the channel up or channel down function of the remote control. Confirm especially that the set-top terminals output channel is included in a TV sets channel programming memory. Use the appropriate on-screen C H . M E M O RY C03 ADDED menu to add (or delete) channels LANGUAGE TV SPEAKERS in a TV sets programming memory. Figure 18 shows an example of using an on-screen menu for adding channel 3 to a Figure 18. Using an on-screen menu to add channel 3 to a particular TV sets channel TV sets channel programming programming memory. memory.
N TI

Adjusting Picture and Audio Settings

A picture that is too dark or too bright may require adjusting the contrast, brightness, and/or sharpness controls (Figure 19A). Unacceptable color and/or the shade of color may require adjusting the color or tint controls. These picture adjustments are made with either: (1) manual controls typically found on the front panel of the TV set; or (2) on-screen menu adjustments (Figure 19B).
TROUBLESHOOTING BASIC TV PROBLEMS COPYRIGHT - NCTI, INC.

RECOGNIZING INCORRECT FUNCTION SETTINGS

Page 17

TV picture settings

NOTES

TI

}
Example of on-screen menu for adjusting TV picture settings

TV picture with brightness or contrast out of adjustment

Figure 19. An example of a TV picture with misadjusted picture settings and one type of on-screen menu for adjusting TV picture settings.

A vertically unstable (Figure 20A) or horizontally unstable (Figure 20B) TV picture is another problem that can be caused by misadjusted picture controls. Adjust the vertical and/or horizontal hold manual controls to stabilize the picture. Those TV sets that do not permit external (nonscrewdriver) adjustment of the vertical and/or horizontal hold require a qualified TV repairman to correct a vertical or horizontal hold problem. A
N

TI

TV picture with vertical hold out of adjustment

TV picture with horizontal hold out of adjustment

Figure 20. Examples of TV pictures with vertical and horizontal hold controls out of adjustment.

A buzzing or hissing sound from the TV speaker may result if the TV volume control is set too high and the set-top terminal remote control volume is set too low. Correct this problem by lowering the TV volume and then adjusting the set-top terminal remote control volume to the desired level.

Review Questions, Part V

17. Explain how incorrect TV channel selection can cause channel 35 to be seen and heard when the set-top terminal is tuned to channel 36. What problem is caused if a TV set is connected to the broadband drop input cable without a set-top terminal, and the TV sets antenna mode is set to Air instead of Cable?

19.

What are the three typical tuner formats, and what determines which one should be selected for a customers TV set? What is wrong when the set-top terminal is tuned to ch. 23 but ch. 24 is seen and heard? What can cause a buzzing or hissing sound from the TV sets speaker?

20.

18.

21.

COPYRIGHT - NCTI, INC.

TROUBLESHOOTING BASIC TV PROBLEMS

Page 18

ISOLATING PICTURE QUALITY PROBLEMS

NOTES

ISOLATING PICTURE QUALITY PROBLEMS

Sometimes a customers TV set wont operate properly, even after proper AC voltage and RF input levels are verified, TV impedance selectors are properly set, and all TV function settings are adjusted. If the TV sets picture quality is still poor after these adjustments, it is possible the customers TV set itself is not operating properly. This section explains ways of using a TV test set to check whether a customers TV set is faulty.

Using a TV Test Set Only

One way to verify that the customers TV set is faulty involves disconnecting the coaxial cable from the sets matching transformer or 75 VHF connector and connecting it to a TV test set, as shown in Figure 21. Good picture quality on the test set, with none of the picture quality problems that were found on the customers TV set, is evidence that the customers TV set is faulty.
Broadband drop cable directly connected to terminal input connector

TI

Cable wall plate

Terminal output cable connected to test set's 75 input connector

Broadband drop cable disconnected from customers color TV set

TV test set tuned to ch. 3

Figure 21. Checking picture quality on a TV test set.

Another way to determine whether the customers TV set is faulty involves connecting an antenna or rabbit ears to the customers TV set and disconnecting the broadband cable. Existence of the same picture quality problems, with the antenna connection, indicates the problems are inherent to the customer s TV set and are independent of the cable connection.
TROUBLESHOOTING BASIC TV PROBLEMS COPYRIGHT - NCTI, INC.

ISOLATING PICTURE QUALITY PROBLEMS

Page 19

Using Customers TV Set and TV Test Set

Another way to check the condition of the customers TV set is to compare its picture quality with that of your TV test set. Use a twoway splitter as shown in Figure 22A to compare picture qualities simultaneously. Poor picture quality on the customers TV set and good quality on the test set can demonstrate that the customers TV set is faulty (Figure 22B). A
Set-top terminal
RF out RF in

NOTES

B
Set-top terminal

Two-way splitter To TV test set

Customers TV set

60 Hz hum bar on customers TV set Drop input cable No hum bar on TV test set Customers TV set

TV test set To subscribers 75 VHF input TV set AC power cord

TI

Terminal AC power cord TV test set AC power cord Connections for comparing picture quality on customers TV set and on TV test set using a two-way splitter TV test set Comparing customer TV set picture quality to TV test set picture quality

Figure 22. Comparing the picture quality of the customers TV set to that of a TV test set by using a two-way splitter.

Review Questions, Part VI

22. Describe the two ways to use a TV test set to verify that the customers TV set is the cause of poor picture quality. 23. How can connecting an antenna to a customers TV set demonstrate that the customers TV set is faulty?

COPYRIGHT - NCTI, INC.

TROUBLESHOOTING BASIC TV PROBLEMS

Page 20

FIXING STEREO TV PROBLEMS

NOTES

FIXING STEREO TV PROBLEMS

When a customer does not hear a stereo TV program in stereo on his stereo TV, follow these five steps: (1) Tune the stereo TV or set-top terminal to a known stereo TV channel; (2) place the audio mode selector switch or onscreen audio mode in the Stereo position (not the Mono or Sap position); (3) determine whether the stereo indicator light is lit; (4) verify proper balance control settings for left and right speakers; and (5) classify the type of sound (monaural or stereo) that is coming from the speakers. If the audio mode selector switch or on-screen audio mode menu is in the Stereo position but the stereo indicator light is not lit, the sound is monaural because no stereo signal is available on that channel. On some stereo TV sets, the stereo indicator light does not light and there is monaural sound even with the presence of a stereo signal if the audio mode is selected to Mono or Sap (Figure 23A). On other stereo TV sets, the stereo indicator light will light, indicating the presence of a stereo signal, but there is monaural sound from the speakers if the Mono mode is selected (Figure 23B). It is therefore important to always ensure that the audio mode is selected to the Stereo position before concluding why a particular stereo TV is not producing stereo sound on a known stereo TV channel. If the balance control is set too far to the left or right, no stereo separation is heard.
Stereo indicator light not lit

A
No stereo sound

MONO STEREO

SAP

B
Green
N

Audio mode selector switch in Mono position

TI

(Light on)

POWER SAP

AUDIO MODE MONO STEREO SAP

Red
(Light on)

STEREO

No stereo reception or indication because audio mode selector switch is in MONO position

Stereo indicator light is on but sound is not stereo because MONO mode is selected with on-screen programming

Figure 23. No stereo sound when the stereo indicator light is not lit and when it is lit.

To determine the cause of still not hearing stereo sound after performing the suggested five steps, connect a stereo TV test set to the broadband drop input cable either directly or with a two-way splitter. The presence of stereo sound and a lighted stereo indicator light on only the stereo TV test set indicates a faulty customer TV set. The absence of stereo sound from both TV sets indicates a cable system problem.

Review Questions, Part VII

24. Describe what to check to determine why a customer does not hear stereo sound on a known stereo TV channel. What improper adjustments on a stereo TV can prevent stereo sound?
COPYRIGHT - NCTI, INC.

26.

Explain how to connect a stereo TV test set to determine whether a lack of stereo sound is caused by a customers defective TV set.

25.

TROUBLESHOOTING BASIC TV PROBLEMS

ANSWERS TO REVIEW QUESTIONS

Page 21

ANSWERS TO REVIEW QUESTIONS

Part I
1. When you first start troubleshooting, it is important to have the customer turn on the TV set, because then the customer and not you feels accountable if the TV set is defective. A voltage level of 115 VAC 10% should be present at the set-top terminals convenience AC outlet. First look for a wall switch in the off position if the TV set or set-top terminal AC power cord is plugged into an AC wall outlet and the TV set or set-top terminal does not come on. Check to see if the AC outlets circuit breaker or ground fault circuit breaker is off or tripped, if there is no AC voltage measured at an AC wall outlet that does not have a wall switch. 12. To determine which electronic device is causing a hot chassis condition, disconnect AC power from one electronic device at a time while measuring AC voltage between the cable wall outlet and the disconnected coaxial input cables F-connector body, and look for a device that causes a measurement of no voltage when it is disconnected.

2. 3.

Part III
13. When checking RF input levels, the SLM should be tuned to the video carrier of the set-top terminals output channel when connected to a set-top terminals output cable. The FCC-required minimum RF input level for video carriers at the matching transformer or 75 VHF connector is 0 dBmV.

4.

14.

Part II
5. Four causes of a hot chassis condition are: (1) improperly wiring a polarized receptacle; (2) cutting the wide blade of an AC power cord plug and incorrectly plugging it into a polarized or nonpolarized AC receptacle; (3) plugging an adapter incorrectly into a nonpolarized receptacle; and (4) an internal problem within a TV set, set-top terminal, or VCR. A multimeter (DMM) or an AC outlet tester can verify the polarity of a polarized receptacle. The three multimeter voltage measurements that indicate a polarized three-hole receptacle is properly wired are: (1) no significant voltage between the long slot and ground hole; (2) 115 VAC 10% between adjacent slots; and (3) 115 VAC 10% between the short slot and the ground hole. An AC voltage reading of 115 VAC 10% between the long slot and the ground hole of the polarized threehole receptacle indicates improper wiring polarity. A polarized two-slot receptacle has two slots of unequal length, while a nonpolarized two-slot receptacle has two slots of equal length. To temporarily ground a polarized two-slot receptacle that has an open ground, connect an insulated ground wire between the cable wall plate connector and the AC outlet wall plate screw. If a polarized three-hole or two-slot receptacle is improperly wired with the hot and neutral wires reversed, do not use the receptacle until it is repaired by a licensed electrician.

Part IV
15. The impedance selector should be in the 300 position when a matching transformer is installed at the VHF antenna terminals of the TV set. The impedance selector must be in the 75 position when directly connecting a set-top terminal output cable to a TVs 75 VHF connector.

16.

6. 7.

Part V
17. Incorrect TV channel selection can cause channel 35 to be seen and heard when the set-top terminal is tuned to channel 36 if the TV channel selector is set to channel 3 and the set-top terminals output channel is channel 4. A TV set will not receive all authorized broadband cable channels if it is connected to the drop input cable without a set-top terminal and the TV sets antenna mode is set to Air instead of Cable. The three typical tuner formats are Standard, HRC, and IRC, and the broadband cable system determines which one should be selected for a customers TV set. An extreme (not slight) misadjustment of fine-tuning control(s) is likely to cause channel 24 to be seen and heard when a TV channel selector is correctly on channel 3 and the set-top terminal is tuned to channel 23. A buzzing or hissing sound from a TV speaker can be caused by the TV sets volume control being set too high and the set-top terminals remote control volume set too low.
TROUBLESHOOTING BASIC TV PROBLEMS

18.

8.

9.

19.

10.

20.

11.

21.

COPYRIGHT - NCTI, INC.

Page 22

ANSWERS TO REVIEW QUESTIONS/GLOSSARY

Part VI
22. To use a TV test set to verify the customers TV set is the cause of poor picture quality, either: (1) Disconnect the coaxial cable from the matching transformer or 75 connector of the customers TV set and connect it to your TV test set; or (2) install a two-way splitter to simultaneously compare the picture quality of the customer s TV set to the picture quality of your TV test set. The occurrence of TV picture problems when the customer s TV set is connected to an antenna indicates the problems are inherent to the customer s TV set and are independent of the broadband cable connection.

Part VII
24. If stereo sound is not heard on a known stereo TV channel, check: (1) the selected channel; (2) the position of the audio mode selector; (3) the condition of the stereo indicator light; (4) the balance control setting; and (5) the type of sound at the speakers. Improper adjustments on a stereo TV that can prevent stereo sound include: (1) the audio mode selector set in the Mono or Sap position; or (2) the balance control set too far to the left or right. Connect a stereo TV test set to the drop cable (either directly or with a two-way splitter) to determine whether a lack of stereo sound is caused by a customers defective TV set.

25.

23.

26.

GLOSSARY
Below are definitions of the key terms occurring in bold italic and regular type in the text.
AC outlet tester A device that indicates condition of wiring in a three-wire AC receptacle. AFC/AFT switch The switch on a TV set that turns on or off the automatic frequency control, or AFC (which keeps the TV set closely tuned to the desired channel frequency) and the automatic fine tuning, or AFT (which helps a TV set maintain maximum signal strength for reception of a given channel frequency). Chassis ground The metal chassis of the TV set, VCR, or set-top terminal to which ground connections from its associated circuit boards and electronic devices are made. Circuit breaker A current-sensitive switch that is placed in series with the power-supply line to a circuit to remove power from the circuit if the current in the line reaches a predetermined value. Cross-modulation A TV signal distortion that occurs when a desired channel appears to be modulated by a strong undesired channel. Digital Multimeter (DMM) A meter that permits measurement of voltage, current, and DC resistance. Also called a volt-ohmmeter (VOM). Ground fault circuit breaker The circuit breaker that trips to remove power from a circuit that experiences an unwanted current path to ground on the output of the circuit breaker. Hot chassis condition AC voltage present on the metal chassis of an electronic device. Impedance switch The switch on a TV set that selects either a 75 or 300 input impedance. Movable 75 link A movable metal link that causes a 75 input impedance to the TV set when it is not inserted into the 75 VHF barrel connector and a 300 input impedance when it is. Nonpolarized receptacle An AC receptacle that has slots of equal length and no ground connection. Polarity Relative voltage between two points in a circuit. The black (hot) wire normally connects to the shortest slot and the white (neutral) wire to the longest slot of an AC receptacle. Therefore, there is normally 115 VAC +10% between the shortest slot and ground. Polarized grounding adapter An adapter that has two polarized prongs, permits connection of a three-prong plug to a two-slot polarized receptacle, and provides for continuation of grounding protection when installed with a grounded receptacle. Polarized receptacle An AC receptacle that has slots of unequal length. The longest slot is normally neutral and the shortest slot is normally hot (115 VAC +10%). Switchable convenience AC outlet The AC outlet on the rear of a set-top terminal that is turned on and off by the On/Off switch of the set-top terminal.

TROUBLESHOOTING BASIC TV PROBLEMS

COPYRIGHT - NCTI, INC.

1.

An improper AC input voltage to the TV set is A. B. C. D. E. 120 VAC. 128 VAC. 105 VAC. 110 VAC. 115 VAC.

2.

A polarized three-hole AC receptacle is not properly wired if A. B. C. D. E. There is 115 VAC between the short slot and the receptacles ground hole. There is 115 10% VAC between adjacent receptacle slots. There is no significant voltage between the long slot and the ground hole. There is 110 VAC between the long slot and the ground hole. There are two green indicator lights on an AC outlet tester that is plugged into the receptacle.

3.

A typical AC outlet tester (label facing up) A. B. C. D. E. With one green light on in the middle indicates that the AC receptacle is wired correctly. With a red light on the left and a green light in the middle indicates that the hot and neutral wires of the AC receptacle tested are reversed. Requires inserting a grounding adapter with nonpolarized prongs into a polarized two-slot AC receptacle. Requires only a grounding adapter with polarized prongs to test a nonpolarized two-slot AC receptacle. Requires a grounding adapter to test a polarized three-hole AC receptacle.

4.

If a hot chassis condition is suspected at a customer premises installation, A. B. C. D. E. You can assume that the TV set is the cause of the condition. First use a DMM to determine if the TV set or any other terminal device is the cause of the problem, and then verify the AC wall outlet has proper wiring polarity. And if testing confirms that the TV set is causing the hot chassis problem, finish the installation by connecting the TV set and telling the customer the TV set eventually needs to be repaired. First verify the AC wall outlet has proper wiring polarity, and then use a DMM to determine if the TV set or any other terminal device is the cause of the problem. And if the AC receptacle wiring polarity is correct, simultaneously plug in all customer premise devices into the same AC outlet to determine which is causing the hot chassis condition.

5.

Video RF input levels at the input to the matching transformer or 75 VHF connector of a TV set A. B. C. D. E. Should be a minimum of 5 dBmV to comply with FCC requirements. Can be measured using an SLM that is connected by a coaxial jumper to the cable wall plate, even when there is a set-top terminal. Should be a maximum of 0 dBmV to prevent cross-modulation. Can cause cross-modulation if they are too low. Can be measured by connecting an SLM to the set-top terminal output cable, tuning the SLM to the set-top terminal output channel, and selecting the desired broadband cable channel with the set-top terminal.

NCTI

TROUBLESHOOTING BASIC TV PROBLEMS EXAMINATION QUESTIONS FOR LESSON 230-12-1

6.

There is an impedance mismatch when a TV sets A. B. C. D. E. 75/300 impedance switch is in the 300 position and the set-top terminal output cable is connected to the 75 VHF connector. Movable link is in the 300 position and a matching transformer is connected to the TVs VHF antenna terminals. 75 coaxial jumper is plugged into a matching transformer that is connected to the TVs VHF antenna terminals. Antenna mode is set to Cable. 75/300 impedance switch is in the 75 position and the set-top terminal output cable is connected to the 75 VHF connector.

NCTI

7.

What can cause a cable-ready TV set without a set-top terminal to only tune to VHF channels 2-13 and UHF channels 14-69 but not cable channels above channel 13? A. B. C. D. E. The AC wall outlets ground fault circuit breaker is off or tripped. The TV volume control is set too high and the set-top terminal remove control volume is set too low. The antenna mode is set to the Normal setting. The audio mode selector switch is set to the Sap position. The balance control is set too far to the left or right.

8.

What can cause channel 20 to be seen and heard when the set-top terminal is tuned to channel 21? A. B. C. D. E. The TV tuner is set to the set-top terminals output channel. The TV volume control is set too high and the set-top terminal remote control volume is set too low. The channel is being stored in a newer TV sets channel programming memory. The TVs color or tint controls are extremely misadjusted. The fine-tuning control on the TV set is extremely misadjusted.

9.

Which of the following is a definite indication that a customers TV set is inherently defective? A. B. C. D. E. Existence of the same picture quality problems when the customers TV set is connected to the broadband drop input cable, and when the TV set is disconnected from the cable and connected to an antenna. The TV test set has picture quality problems when it is connected to the broadband drop input cable in the customers premises. Both the customers TV set and the TV test set have picture quality problems when a two-way splitter is used to connect both TV sets to the broadband drop input cable. Both the customers TV set and the TV test set have good picture quality when a two-way splitter is used to connect both TV sets to the broadband drop input cable. The customers TV set has good picture quality and the TV test set has picture quality problems when a two-way splitter is used to connect both TV sets to the broadband drop input cable.

10. No stereo sound is heard on a stereo TV set if the A. B. C. D. E. Audio mode selector is in the Stereo position and the stereo indicator light is lit. Stereo indicator light is lit and the audio mode selector is set for Mono sound. Balance control for the left and right speakers is set in the center. TV set is tuned to a known and available stereo channel. Both C and D. EXAM 230-12-1

TROUBLESHOOTING BASIC TV PROBLEMS

230-12

TROUBLESHOOTING BASIC TV PROBLEMS

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION .............................................................................. 1 EXAMINING AC INPUT VOLTAGE PROBLEMS ...................... 2 Checking the Set-Top Terminal Convenience AC Outlet Checking the AC Wall Outlet CORRECTING A HOT CHASSIS CONDITION .......................... 4 Checking for Improper Receptacle Wiring Checking for a Defective Electronic Device VERIFYING PROPER RF INPUT LEVELS .............................. 11 FIXING IMPEDANCE MISMATCH ............................................. 12 RECOGNIZING INCORRECT FUNCTION SETTINGS .......... 13 Finding TV Channel Selector on Wrong Channel Correcting Antenna Mode and Tuner Format Settings Correcting Fine-Tuning and Programming Problems Adjusting Picture and Audio Settings ISOLATING PICTURE QUALITY PROBLEMS ........................ 18 Using a TV Test Set Only Using Customers TV Set and TV Test Set FIXING STEREO TV PROBLEMS............................................... 20 ANSWERS TO REVIEW QUESTIONS ........................................ 21 GLOSSARY ....................................................................................... 22 Key terms occurring in bold italic and regular type in the text are listed with definitions specific to this lesson.

This lesson is dedicated to the memory of Jerry Trautwein. Special thanks to: Jim Kuhns, Jim Neil, and Jerry Trautwein. AT&T Broadband, Comcast Cable, and Dynasty Communications Inc.

Copyright 2001 by Versacom, Inc., dba NCTI, Inc., 801 W. Mineral Ave., Littleton, CO 80120-4501. All rights reserved. No part of this lesson may be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the publisher.
Printed in U.S.A.

230-12

NCTI...Training solutions for the broadband industry