ETEC Hortolndia

Domestic accidents: their cause and prevention Reflexive Pronouns

Name: Dennys Saymmon N11 3D Matter: English

1. Falls
Falls are by far the most common type of injury in the home. They account for 44% of all childrens injuries. For babies, the biggest danger is rolling off the edge of something such as a table, bed or sofa. Toddlers quickly learn how to climb and explore and it is very easy for a child to fall off a piece of furniture, down the stairs or out of a window or balcony. Young children are likely to fall over and get knocks and bruises as they learn to walk, but serious injuries can be avoided. The steps below can help to prevent falls in the home.

Preventions
Make sure your baby cannot roll off the changing surface. Do not put a bouncing cradle, or similar, on a table or worktop they can easily bounce off the edge. Check that there is no room for a child to crawl through any banisters at the top of the stairs. Board them up if there is a risk of your child falling through them or getting stuck.

2. Suffocating and choking

Babies and young children can easily swallow, inhale or choke on small items such as marbles, buttons, peanuts and small toys. The steps below can help to prevent this happening.

Preventions

Keep small objects out of the reach of small children. Choose toys that are designed for the age of your baby or child encourage older children to keep their toys away from your baby.

3. Fires
Domestic fires are one of the greatest risks to children. Children playing with matches and lighters frequently start house fires. The youngest children often hide from the danger and may not be found until it is too late.

Preventions

Fit smoke alarms on every level of your home. Test the batteries every week and change the batteries every year. Even better, get alarms that have 10-year batteries or are wired into the mains or plug into light sockets.

4. Poisoning
Most poisoning injuries involve medicines, household products and cosmetics. Over 28,000 children in the UK receive treatment for poisoning, or suspected poisoning, every year.

Preventions

Dispose of unwanted medicines and chemicals carefully. Discourage your children from eating any plants or fungi when outside some can be extremely poisonous and even fatal. Avoid buying plants with poisonous leaves or berries.

Use containers that have child-resistant tops be aware that by the age of three, many children are able to open child-resistant tops, even if it takes them a little longer.

5. Drowning
Children can drown in just a few centimeters of water and should be supervised at all times when near any water.

Preventions
Never leave babies or children in the bath unsupervised not even for a minute. This includes in a bath seat. Do not leave uncovered containers of liquid around the house. Store away paddling pools when not being used.

6. Ponds
Almost all incidents where a child has drowned in the back garden or garden pond occurred after a breakdown in supervision.

Preventions

Preferably, fill in garden ponds while children are small. If this is not possible then cover ponds with a rigid grille or fence them off securely.

If you choose to maintain a garden pond please be aware that constant supervision is needed when children are in the garden.

7. Glass-related injuries
Glass can cause serious cuts. Many children end up in hospital every year because of injuries due to glass around the home. Many are also injured when glasses and bottles break.

Preventions

Use safety glass at a low level, such as in doors and windows. Safety glass is glass that is toughened and laminated and passes specially designed impact tests. Normal glass shatters more easily. The British Standard for safety glass is BS 6206. Look for the BS marks on your windows or ask the glazier who is fitting your windows.

Make existing glass safe by applying a shatter-resistant film.

8. Burns and scalds

Hot drinks cause most of the burns and scalds to children under the age of five. A childs skin is much more sensitive than an adults and hot water can scald for up to 15 minutes after it has boiled. Hot bath water is the biggest cause of severe and fatal scalding injuries in young children.

Preventions

Always place hot drinks out of children's reach. Keep them away from the edges of tables and surfaces, and dont use tablecloths that children can pull at.

Do not drink anything hot with a child on your lap or in your arms. Use a cordless kettle or one with a coiled lead that can be kept short.

9. For Adults
When climbing ladders mobile always ask someone to hold it for increased security.

When any area of the residence is being washed or waxed, avoid passing others, or to signal the location.

10.

In the kitchen

Do not leave pans on the fire Never open pans before any Pressure steam is released

Personal Pronouns I (eu) you (tu, voc) he (ele) she (ela) it [ele, ela (neutro)] we (ns) you (vocs, vs) they (eles, elas)

Reflexive Pronoun myself (a mim mesmo, -me) yourself [a ti, a voc mesmo(a), -te,-se] himself (a si, a ele mesmo, -se) herself (a si, a ela mesma, -se) itself [a si mesmo(a), -se] ourselves [a ns mesmos(as), -nos] yourselves (a vs, a vocs mesmos(as), -vos,-se) themselves (a si, a eles mesmos, a elas mesmas, se)

Non-reflexive: Adam e-mailed him a copy of the report. Reflexive: Adam e-mailed himself a copy of the report. Non-reflexive: They cannot help the angry mob. Reflexive: They cannot help themselves.

More examples: I gave myself 12 weeks to get in shape (Eu me dei 12 semanas para entrar em forma). You should buy yourself a new computer (Voc deve comprar um novo computador). Diane bought herself a new pair of shoes (Diane comprou um novo par de sapatos). Jeff read quietly to himself (Jeff ler baixinho para si mesmo).