REPUBLIC OF KENYA MINISTRY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION Medium Term Plan for 2008 2012

FINAL DRAFT

March 2008

E X E C U T I V E S U M M A RY
It is globally recognized that science, technology and innovation is essential for the economic growth and competitiveness of all nations. Science, technology and innovation is also a key component of social integration, sustainable development and poverty eradication based on equity, freedom, justice, governance, peace and prosperity. At the international level, Science, technology and innovation acts as a tool of international co-operation and solidarity. It is useful for knowledge and information and facilitating globalization with human development while concomitantly strengthening national governance and acting as a vector of common heritage and international cooperation and solidarity. In the context of the overall national planning horizon, there is a very strong relationship between the social, economic and political pillars of the Kenya Vision 2030. As the foundation upon which the pillars spring the implementation of the relevant ST&I, it must be successfully delivered in order to achieve the goals of the Vision. Economically, developments in ST&I, especially biotechnology, value addition, manufacturing, Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) will result in industrial and entrepreneurial development with new products and services, and areas of economic growth. In terms of human welfare that underpins the social pillar, increased ST&I capabilities will help in addressing the challenges associated with poverty reduction and hunger by raising agricultural productivity and contribution to economic development. They will determine the ability to provide clean water, good health, adequate infrastructure, and safe food and also support the creation of high quality and better paying jobs, produce generics and help to dramatically cut the cost of healthcare to the poor. Generally ST&I will help achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). ST&I capabilities will also be critical in ensuring sustainable development associated with natural resource management and disasters. ICT will increase access to education by facilitating virtual learning. ST&I capabilities will also promote sustainable development, especially: Social integration by stopping exclusion and marginalization, through

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equality of scientific, educational and cultural opportunities Development, conservation and sustainable management of biodiversity Sharing the opportunities and benefits of the knowledge society and economy Development and strengthening of local and indigenous knowledge and culture Empowerment of women

The contribution of ST&I to political stability and to domestic and international security are many. Over time, economic growth fuelled by ST&I will increase social cohesion, stability, and democratization and eradicate conflicts in communities arising from wants. The capabilities will increase the ability of citizens to participate in democratic processes such as elections as related to economic advances and provide tools for checking not only government performance, but also the ability of anti-social groups that thrive. This Science, Technology and Innovation Sector Medium Term Plan has been prepared as part of the implementation of Vision 2030. The plan covers the 2007 2012 period and aims to: Integrate science, technology and innovation (ST&I) policy into the broader framework of major economic strategies and policies, linking ST&I to national economic, social objectives and political goals; Reform ST&I institutions and the environment in which they operate Develop sound creative and innovative human capital with entrepreneurial skills; Translate ST&I policy into improved production capacity, increased productivity and competitiveness Maximize the reach and impact of scientific and technological knowledge and information as tools for participatory development Promote the ethical dimension of scientific and technological development Contribute to and promote international scientific and technological cooperation. The plan recognizes that there exists great research and development potential in the

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areas of agriculture, health, engineering, basic sciences, forestry and environmental sciences. In addition, existing training institutions for the mid-level technical personnel will enable Kenya to re-inventing itself in order to focus more and more on the role of Science, Technology and Innovation (ST&I) in socio-economic development. This plan prioritizes the social and regional equity in the development of technological infrastructure, technical and entrepreneurial skills as well as define and supportive policies, institutional and legal frameworks that address government aspirations. Specific areas of focus include the development of innovative ideas into products, processes and services, measures aimed at creating jobs, safeguarding the environment against disasters and mitigating the effects of climate change.

ST&I Challenges
Kenya faces a myriad number of challenges including enhancing the role of ST&I in the national development agenda. Currently, more than 60% of the Kenyan population is aged between 18 and 35 years. It is this group that efforts must be focused on in order to create high quality, knowledge intensive jobs and thus harness their potential fully. Globally, Kenya has to overcome globalization of trade that has made it harder particularly for third world nations to use tangible or intangible trade barriers to protect domestic industry, knowledge, and technological innovation. Mid-level technical personnel do not have effective coordination and often lack critical resources and infrastructure to enable them effectively develop and integrate ST&I. The institutions are also unable to acquire, maintain and retain modern equipment as well as personnel. They have weak linkages with the productive sector, and the regional and international counterparts. Lack of an integrative policy framework to facilitate effective integration of ST&I into the economy is an issue that needs urgent action. The productive sector does not have commensurate expertise that constitutes graduates from respective institutions. This makes it to incur higher costs in re-training staff for effective service delivery. Inadequate entrepreneurship skills mean that this cadre of expertise faces a barrier in the creation of ST&I technology-based enterprises within the economy. Purveyors or developers of knowledge which constitute research institutions and universities have strong familiarity with the processes of new knowledge generation and offer expertise in governing interactive learning. However, they are heavily inclined

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towards public service particularly in agriculture and health. They have not succeeded in creating an overall system of learning and problem solving within which the capacity for knowledge flow and the creation of new knowledge is improved. In addition, knowledge brokers especially professional organizations are not actively contributing to new knowledge creation. As far as expatriates are concerned, the challenge will be to attract foreign talents into the country, especially professionals, middle-level skilled personnel and entrepreneurs. This will be necessary to complement indigenous talents, for example, in R&D required by high technology industries, as well as the services sector. Foreign workers are employed in lower-skilled and lower value-added jobs, where Kenyans are not available, nor interested. The challenge is to reduce dependence on foreign workers over time. There is a need to promote automation, improve the work environment to make it more conducive for Kenyans to be employed and enhance flexibility in entry levels to allow for appropriate remuneration.

Human Resource
To adequately deal with the issue of human resource, the country will ensure adequate, high quality and relevant graduates. This will include creation of a core mass of a human resource base that supports ST&I development and sustainability. Various challenges in capacity building will need to be addressed at the stages of pre-employment and during employment: To competently develop skilled and knowledgeable workforce various components will be considered. They include; stakeholders expectations, performance-based compensation system, planning for human resources, basic requirements at pre-employment, review of human capital, and legislative environment. While pursuing issues of women and persons with disabilities vis avis ST&I, there will be equitable sharing of resources and development opportunities between gender with a move towards more investments in attracting and sustaining females. Affirmative action will be taken to provide greater opportunities for the utilization of the ST&I capabilities and the talents of the persons with disabilities.

Science, Engineering and Technology (SET) Skills

There has been a recent decline in the supply of SET graduates. This has impacted negatively on the demand for adequate human resources. Unless something drastic is done, the long-term growth prospects of the country will be hampered. There is also waning interest for SET by potential trainees who constitute the youth. There is need to deliberately train Kenyans in Science, Engineering and Technology. This will be boosted by reviewing all curricula to incorporate enabling skills, particularly critical thinking, creativity, innovation, problem-solving and decision-making; and instituting benchmarking processes at all levels of the education system to standardize best practices in the education curricula. In addition workforce in the 1723 age group will be considered with a view to making them adequately endowed with skills in targeted industries like ICT; biotechnology; Halal industry; petrochemicals; education; tourism, including health and eco-tourism. A spirited attempt must be made to identify factors contributing to the mismatch in supply and demand of skilled and competent human resources; and promotion of the effectiveness of skills training programmes to enhance the employability and productivity of the labour force.

Collaboration
The linkages between knowledge purveyors with the business system are generally weak. Knowledge generation in the Kenyan context is heavily supported by development partners who influence priorities of these organizations. As a result, the ST&I activities of intermediate organizations are not aligned to national priorities. Facilitation is needed to ensure that knowledge between the industry and the academia is shared in order to contribute towards more market-driven R&D. International co-operation in science and technology is important for meeting a broad range of global challenges, for benefiting from globalization and for implementing large-scale research projects. Establishing networks between institutions of higher learning, alumni and industry to enhance career development, training and strengthening the internship programme for students at the tertiary level is of paramount importance.

Strategic Thrusts
In order to give enough impetus to the role of ST&I, five strategic thrusts were

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developed. They include; Strengthening the Technical Capacities and Capabilities, Developing and Retaining Highly Skilled Human Resources, Intensification of Innovation in Priority Sector, Enhancing ST&I Awareness and Strengthening the ST&I Performance Management Framework. Under these thrusts are identified programmes, projects and their respective activities.

Enabling Sectors
Facilitation of ST&I will be undertaken to strengthen capabilities and capacities, avail adequate human resource skills, increase transition to Science, Technology and Technology Skills and intensify innovativeness for competitiveness. Towards this end, enabling sectors will include Infrastructure, Human Resource development, Trade, Industry and Manufacturing, and Information Communication Technology. Essentially enabling sectors will be exploited to avail a sound Technological foundation and innovation as well as the technological learning processes in order to enhance proper design and management of all facets of infrastructure. Supply of adequate and competent human resource necessary for rapid ST& I development will be emphasized. Global competitiveness and innovativeness are needed for leapfrogging trade, industry and manufacturing products and services while ICT will the necessary stimulation and support needed for simplifying information search and registration procedures, narrowing the digital divide and enabling and empowering opportunities. communities to gain access to scientific and technological

Innovation
Kenya does not have a National Innovation System that would adequately address issues of appropriate and responsive intellectual property rights regimes. The existing system does not effectively serve critical national needs. Challenges range from accessibility to the IPR regimes and benefits that accrue from innovators work. Public awareness is necessary to create the required support for ST&I investments which many times require large outlays with long payback periods. The extent to which IPR enables harnessing of indigenous knowledge and resources must be spelt out. It is noted that great room exists for improvement. Of major importance will be the reorganization of the exiting strictures governing the ST&I sector to realize the Kenya National Innovation System (KNIS). The KNIS will provide an opportunity to articulate means for the promotion of coherence and

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integration among national activities targeted at enhancing the role of ST&I in the proposed Kenya Vision 2030 goals. It will also be aimed at establishing and sustaining Kenyas pride of place in the generation and management of science, technology and innovation. In order to realize a KNIS there will be review, development and implementation of various legal, institutional and regulatory frameworks with the aim of creating various management organs and offices; starting at Ministerial level, SAGAs and independent bodies as appropriate.

Implementation of the Medium Term Plan

This MTP will be implemented through identified programmes and projects as well as within a framework of identified line Ministries, SAGAs, Autonomous bodies, lead agencies and Stakeholders.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
E X E C U T I V E S U M M A R Y ___________________________________________________________ II TABLE OF CONTENTS ____________________________________________________________________IX LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS _________________________________________________________________XI GLOSSARY OF TERMS __________________________________________________________________ XIII LIST OF FIGURES _______________________________________________________________________ XVI 1 SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS _____________________________________________________________ 1 1.1 IMPORTANCE OF SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION TO ACHIEVEMENT OF KENYA VISION 20301 1.3. AN OVERVIEW OF THE OVERALL KENYAN ST&I SECTOR CHALLENGE _____________________________ 2 1.4. SECTORAL ST&I CHALLENGES IN KENYA ___________________________________________________ 5 1.4. STRATEGIC PRIORITIES AND PROSPECTS FOR 2008 2012 ____________________________________ 14 1.4.1. Strengthening Technical Capacities and Capabilities __________________________ 14 1.4.2. Developing a Highly Skilled Human Resource Base_____________________________ 17 1.4.3. Intensification of Innovation in Priority Sectors __________________________________ 17 1.4.4. Enhancing Science, Technology and Innovation Awareness ___________________ 18 1.4.5. Strengthening the STI Performance Management Framework __________________ 19 2 FLAGSHIP PROGRAMMES FOR VISION 2030.__________________________________________ 20 2.1 INTRODUCTION __________________________________________________________________ 20 2.2 STRATEGIC THRUST ONE: STRENGTHENING TECHNICAL CAPACITIES AND CAPABILITIES ____________ 21 2.2.1 Strategy One: Improve production processes ______________________________ 21 2.2.2 Strategy Two: Improve capacities and capabilities of ST&I Institutions ________ 32 2.2.3 Strategy Three: Improve ST&I Infrastructure and equipment _________________ 35 2.2.4 Strategy Four: Developing Capacity and Capabilities for New And Emerging Technologies _____________________________________________________________________ 36 2.3 STRATEGIC THRUST TWO: DEVELOPMENT OF HIGHLY SKILLED HUMAN RESOURCES _______________ 41 2.3.1 Strategy One: Increase ST&I personnel and Improve ST&I skills _______________ 41 2.3.2 Strategy Two: Enhance technopreneurial skills and support services _________ 47 2.4 STRATEGIC THRUST THREE: INTENSIFICATION OF INNOVATION IN PRIORITY AREAS _________________ 49 2.4.1 Strategy One: Increase funding for ST&I ____________________________________ 49 2.4.2 Strategy Two: Improve collaborations and linkages in ST&I __________________ 51 2.4.3 Strategy THREE: Improve knowledge transformation and strengthen the IPR regime 52 2.4.4 Strategy FOUR: Map and protect indigenous knowledge and technology ___ 53 2.4.5 Strategy FIVE: National ST&I Reward and Recognition System _______________ 54 2.4.6 Strategy SIX: Quality Assurance and Standards _____________________________ 55 2.5 STRATEGIC THRUST FOUR: SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION AWARENESS ______________ 56 2.5.1 Strategy One: Enhancing the Level and Depth of Public Awareness of ST&I To Facilitate Support For The Sector and Utilization of its Outputs ________________________ 57 2.6 STRATEGIC THRUST FIVE: STRENGTHENING THE SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK ______________________________________________________________ 59 2.6.1 Strategy One: Facilitate Targeted Performance for Effective Implementation Of ST&I Interventions__________________________________________________________________ 59 2.7 COORDINATION WITH ONGOING ST&I PROJECTS _______________________________________ 61 3 4 OTHER PROGRAMMES______________________________________________________________ 62 KEY ENABLING SECTORS FOR SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION ______________ 64 4.1 INTRODUCTION __________________________________________________________________ 64

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4.2 SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION KEY ENABLING SECTORS ROLE _____________________ 4.2.1 INFRASTRUCTURE SECTOR _________________________________________________ 4.2.2 EDUCATION SECTOR ______________________________________________________ 4.2.3 LABOUR AND EMPLOYMENT SECTOR _______________________________________ 4.2.4 TOURISM SECTOR _________________________________________________________ 4.2.5 AGRICULTURE SECTOR ____________________________________________________ 4.2.6 SOCIAL EQUITY AND POVERTY REDUCTION SECTOR _________________________ 4.2.7 MACRO-ECONOMIC FRAMEWORK SECTOR ________________________________ 4.2.8 MANUFACTURING SECTOR SECTOR ________________________________________ 4.2.9 GOVERNANCE, SECURITY AND RULE OF LAW SECTOR _______________________ 4.2.10 WHOLESALE & RETAIL SECTOR _____________________________________________ 4.2.11 INFORMATION COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) SECTOR ______________ 4.2.12 FINANCIAL SERVICES SECTOR ______________________________________________ 4.2.13 POPULATION AND URBANIZATION SECTOR__________________________________ 4.2.14 Health SECTOR ___________________________________________________________ 4.2.15 Environment, Water and Sanitation SECTOR ________________________________ 4.2.16 Gender, Youth and Vulnerable Groups SECTOR ____________________________

64 64 65 65 66 66 66 67 67 68 68 68 69 69 69 70 70

5. STRENGTHENING THE KENYA NATIONAL INNOVATION SYSTEM, 2 0 0 8 - 2 0 1 2 ________________________________________________________________________ 71 5.1 INTRODUCTION __________________________________________________________________ 5.2. PROPOSED POLICY, LEGAL, REGULATORY AND INSTITUTIONAL REFORMS __________________________ 5.2.1 Strategic Policy Objective 1 _______________________________________________ 5.2.2 Strategies to Implement Policy ____________________________________________ 5.2.3 Strategic Policy Objective 2 _______________________________________________ 5.2.4 Strategies to Implement Policy ____________________________________________ 5.2.5 Strategic Policy Objective 3 _______________________________________________ 5.2.6 Strategies to Implement Policy ____________________________________________ 5.2.7 Strategic Policy Objective 4 _______________________________________________ 5.2.8 Strategies to Implement Policy ____________________________________________ 5.4 INSTITUTIONS ____________________________________________________________________ 5.4.1 POLICY INSTITUTIONS ____________________________________________________________ 5.4.2 REGULATORY INSTITUTIONS _______________________________________________________ 5.4.3 IMPLEMENTING INSTITUTIONS ______________________________________________________ 5.4.4 FUNDING ST&I ________________________________________________________________ 6.0. I M P L E M E N T A T I O N F R A M E W O R K O F T H E M E D I U M T E R M P L A N _ 6.1
MEDIUM TERM PLAIN IMPLEMENTATION MATRIX, 2008-2012 ______________________________

71 72 72 72 72 72 73 73 73 73 73 74 75 75 76 78 81

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
AG ASAL CBOs ERS ERSWEC FDI GIS HES HIV/AIDS Attorney General Arid and Semi-Arid Lands Community Based Organizations Economic Recovery Strategy Economic Recovery Strategy for Wealth and Employment Creation Foreign Direct Investment Geographic Information System Higher Education Sector Human Immuno-Deficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency

Syndrome HR HRM ICT IEC IPR IRTK KAM KARI KEMRI KEPSA KEPHIS KIPI KIPO KIRDI KSH/Ksh. Human Resources Human Resources Management Information and Communication Technology Information, Education and Communication Intellectual Property Rights Indigenous ST&I Resources and Traditional knowledge Kenya Association of Manufacturers Kenya Agricultural Research Institute Kenya Medical Research Institute Kenya Private Sector Alliance Kenya Plant Health Inspectorate Services Kenya Industrial Property Institutes Kenya Industrial Property Organization Kenya Industrial Research and Development Institute Kenya Shillings

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KIPPRA LA M&E MDG MIC MoST NACSTI NCST NMK NMK-IPR NESC NGO PAC-ST&I PPP RSEs R&D SMEs S&T SAGA ST&I

Kenya Institute of Public Policy and Research Analysis Lead Agency Monitoring and Evaluation Millennium Development Goals Middle- Income-Country Ministry of Science and Technology National Commission for Science, Technology and Innovation National Council for Science and Technology National Museums of Kenya National Museums of Kenya Institute of Primate Research National Economic and Social Council Non-Governmental Organization Presidential Advisory Committee on ST&I Public Private Sector Partnership Researchers, Scientists and Engineers Research and Development Small and Medium Enterprises Science and Technology Semi-Autonomous Governmental Agency Science, Technology and Innovation

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GLOSSARY OF TERMS
Benchmarking - Total Quality Tool used to measure and compare your work processes with those of other organizations. The goal of benchmarking is to increase your organizations performance by the best practices of your organization benchmarking partners. Since best practice is always evolving, benchmarking should be applied at least annually Biosensors - Devices that that use biological materials to detect, record, and transmit information regarding a physiological change or process. Business Incubator - An economic development organization designed to accelerate the growth and success of entrepreneurial companies through an array of business support resources and services that could include physical space, capital, coaching, common services, and networking connections. Centre of Excellence - A physical or virtual centres of research or learning which concentrate existing capacity and resources to enable researchers and academic staff to collaborate across disciplines and institutions, on long-term projects that are locally relevant and internationally competitive in order to enhance the pursuit of research and teaching excellence and capacity development. Climate Change - The variation in the Earths global climate or in regional climates over time. It involves changes in the variability or average state of the atmosphere over durations ranging from decades to millions of years. These changes can be caused by dynamic process on Earth, external forces including variations in sunlight intensity, and more recently by human activities Commercialization - The exploitation of knowledge or other thing for financial gain . Competitiveness - The realization of a set of institutions and economic policies supportive of high rates of economic growth in the medium term. Copyright A form of protection provided by the law to the authors of original works of authorship, including literary, dramatic, musical, artistic, and certain other intellectual works. Data base - Collection of information organized in such a way that a computer

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program can quickly select desired pieces of data. You can think of a database as an electronic filing system. Genomics - The study of all of the nucleotide sequences, including structural genes, regulatory sequences, and noncoding DNA segments, in the genetic constitution of an organism Innovation - The process of making improvements by introducing something substantially different, introducing a change that increases value, customer value, or producer value. The term innovation may refer to both radical and incremental changes to products, processes or services. The often unspoken goal of innovation is to solve a problem. Innovations are intended to make someone better off, and the succession of many innovations grows the whole economy. Since innovation is also considered a major driver of the economy, the factors that lead to innovation are also considered to be critical to policy makers Intellectual Property - A product of the intellect that has commercial value, including copyrighted property such as literary or artistic works, and ideational property, such as patents, appellations of origin, business methods, and industrial processes. Material Transfer Agreement - Research materials (such as cell lines, plasmids, proteins, transgenic animals, and other materials) are often exchanged between OSU and other non-profit research institutions and commercial entities. Material Transfer Agreements (MTAs) define the legal rights of the entity donating the material as well as those of the recipient with respect to the material and any derivatives. Materials Science - The study of the characteristics and uses of the various materials, such as metals, ceramics, and plastics that are employed in science and technology Patents - An intellectual property right relating to inventions, that is, to advances made in a technical field. Research - Process of a systematic investigation or or experimentation, examination gathering information, testing, and evaluation, aimed at developing or contributing to generalizable knowledge, the discovery and interpretation of facts, revision of accepted theories or laws in the light of new facts, or practical application of such new or revised theories or laws. It involves a studious inquiry or 3: the collecting of

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information about a particular subject Science In the broadest sense, science refers to any systematic knowledge or practice. In a more restricted sense, science refers to a system of acquiring knowledge based on the scientific method, as well as to the organized body of knowledge gained through such research Science and Technology Park - A property development designed for a concentration of high tech, science, or research related businesses. It is organized and managed by specialised professionals, whose main aim is to increase the wealth of its community by promoting the culture of innovation and the competitiveness of its associated businesses and knowledge-based institutions. Technology The Practical application of knowledge especially in a particular area, the capability given by the practical application of knowledge, a manner of accomplishing a task especially using technical processes, methods, or knowledge or the specialized aspects of a particular field of endeavor. This branch of knowledge also deals with the creation and use of technical means and their interrelation with life, society, and the environment, drawing upon such subjects as industrial arts, engineering, applied science, and pure science. Technology Platform - A group of technologies that can be collectively applied to a diverse range of product, process and service applications (that is, applications are not limited to a single vertical product or industry sector) Technopreneur - A person who organizes, operates, and assumes the risk for a high technology business venture. Trademark - A word, phrase, symbol or design, or a combination of words, phrases, symbols or designs, that identifies and distinguishes the source of the goods of one party from those of others.

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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1: Figure 2:

ST&I Strategic Priorities and Thrusts for Kenya Vision 2030 Proposed Kenya National Innovation System

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1
1.1

SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS
Importance of Science, Technology and Innovation to Achievement of Kenya Vision 2030

Globally, it is recognized that social and economic growth of any country is largely a result of the transformation of knowledge, science and technology into goods and services. Rapid developments in ST&I, especially biotechnology, manufacturing, Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) have resulted in new products and services, new ways of learning and doing things. Application of ST&I results in new sources of growth and provides high quality and better paying jobs. ST&I also plays an important role in industrial and entrepreneurial development, poverty reduction, including meeting Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Therefore, harnessing ST&I can provide the necessary interventions required to address challenges facing a country. Integration of ST&I in national production processes is central to the success of Governments policy priorities and programmes as outlined under Kenya Vision 2030. This is particularly important within the context of demands of global economic competitiveness, sustainable development and equity concerns. Development of the necessary scientific and technological infrastructure as well as the technical and entrepreneurial skills is an essential prerequisite to the transformation Kenya into a knowledge-based society. Development of innovative ideas into products, processes and services is highly dependent on a well defined and supportive policy, institutional and legal framework that effectively addresses citizen needs and aspirations. This includes measures aimed at creating jobs, safeguarding our natural environment against natural disasters, climate change and other human induced disasters, as well as promoting regional and gender equity. International co-operation in science and technology is important for meeting a broad range of global challenges, for benefiting from globalization and for implementing large-scale research projects.

1.3. An Overview of the Overall Kenyan ST&I Sector Challenge

In Kenya, the challenges to which the ST&I sector must respond include developing a stronger national innovation systems, ensuring sustained development of human resources in science and technology; the relative contribution made by the private and public sectors; addressing the changing role of intellectual property rights and global-scale issues that call for enhanced international co operation in science and technology, and efficiently and sustainably harnessing our available natural resources for the benefit of all Kenyans. Other challenges include enhancing the role of ST&I in national development in general and productive sectors of the economy in particular. Given that more than 60% of Kenyas population is aged between 18 and 35 years, focused efforts are required to create high quality, knowledge intensive jobs to harness the potential of this age group. More recently, the globalization of trade has made it harder particularly for third world nations to use tangible or intangible trade barriers to protect domestic industry, knowledge, and technological innovation. For Kenya to benefit, it must enhance the global competitiveness of its exports using ST&I. Also the accelerated emergence of an information society and breakthroughs in the life sciences are having tremendous impacts on the activities of businesses and government and on the way people live, study, and work. These are challenges that must be resolved through the development and application ST&I in Kenya. Recognizing the critical role of ST&I in national development, Kenya has over the years established many S&T institutions and has made significant strides in Research and Development (R&D). There exists research and development in the areas of agriculture, health, engineering, basic sciences, forestry and environmental sciences. It has also put in place technical training institutions for the mid-level technical personnel. However, most of the ST&I institutions are not effectively coordinated and often lack critical resources and infrastructures to enable them effectively develop and integrate ST&I. The institutions are also unable to acquire, maintain and retain modern equipment as well as personnel. They have weak linkages with the productive sector, and regional and international counterparts. economy is an issue needing urgent action. Skills acquired from Kenyan training institutions do not often match the Lack of an integrative policy framework to facilitate effective integration of ST&I into the

requirements of the productive sector. This imposes high costs on investors who have to retrain new staff. Further, the products of human resource development institutions are often not imbued enough with entrepreneurship skills. Thus, they are geared to looking for jobs instead of creating them. This acts as a barrier in creation of ST&I technology-based enterprises within the economy. Of equally great concern is the apparent lack of alignment of skills with national priority areas. Greater efforts are needed to ensure an adequate supply of scientific and technological skills by: acquiring and retaining highly skilled staff; strengthening policies to enhance awareness and public understanding of science, especially among youth; improving the quality of scientific and technological learning, encouraging individual creativity and broadening opportunities and support for students to pursue ST&I studies; adapting curricula to changing skill demands, including interdisciplinary knowledge and managerial/entrepreneurial skills, and developing partnerships with industry.

Against a background of growing demand for human resources in ST&I, the recent decline in the number of science and engineering graduates is of great concern and could hamper the long-term growth prospects of the country. The challenge of meeting demand for S&T talent is made all the more difficult by waning interest in science among youth, the gender gap among S&T graduates (notably at the doctorate level), the rapid ageing of the workforce in the public research sector, market disincentives to research careers, and the globalization of higher education and research systems In addition measures will be taken to pursue reforms in the human resource management policies of public research organizations to improve their responsiveness to changes in research priorities and funding, to help renew the research workforce, and to encourage mobility between the public and private research sectors that limit the contribution of S&T personnel to innovation in industry, in particular in SMEs will be removed. Incentives for business R&D in small firms and educational training partnerships are among the measures that will be taken to stimulate business demand for S&T graduates and enhance their capacity

to innovate, as well as provide young graduates with the right skills to work as researchers in industry. Another emerging challenge is that of appropriate and responsive intellectual property rights regimes. These are important in facilitating innovation. However, in the Kenyan context there are challenges that constrain local innovators from benefiting from their work. Some of the key issues include the accessibility of the regime as well as the extent to which it enables harnessing of indigenous knowledge and resources. Although some work has been done in this regard, there is great room for improvement. The level of public awareness of ST&I benefits and how they could benefit from it needs enhancement. Public awareness is necessary to create the required support for ST&I investments which many times require large outlays with long payback periods. It is also important in facilitating increased public utilization of ST&I in their daily activities. Given the scarcity of resources, lack of an adequate knowledge base on what programmes are being implemented in the ST&I sector, their outputs and beneficiaries is a clear disincentive in arguing for more resources to the sector. It also is a major challenge in effective benchmarking with peer and aspirational countries aimed at effective and efficient utilization of resources.

1.4. Sectoral ST&I Challenges in Kenya

Achievement of the overall Kenya Vision 2030 goals and the Medium Term Plan 2008 2012 goals will be through programmes, projects and initiatives implemented in the twenty (20) sectors identified and shown in Table 1.1. These programmes, projects and initiatives will be targeted at sector challenges, from which the science, technology and innovation interventions are derived. In this regard, ST&I will be integrated into the sectors identified by ensuring that they have access to the necessary technology platforms to promote productivity growth, enhance investment efficiency as well as increase citizen participation in the said sector. The strategic technology platforms are defined as a group of technologies that can be collectively applied to a diverse range of product, process and service applications (that is, applications are not limited to a single vertical product or industry sector). They build upon an array of underpinning scientific knowledge and skills (such as those being developed in universities and through investment). By identifying and developing platforms that leverage Kenyas unique strengths, we will create distinctive, significant and durable competitive advantages in Kenyan industry and society in general. The Strategic Technology Platforms selected for Kenya are sufficiently broad in scope that they are realistically expected to feed into a variety of products, processes and services. At the same time, they are sufficiently narrow to define a set of competencies that will be built up within Kenya, and uniquely within Kenya, so that they will establish and defend competitive positions. The ST&I Strategic Intervention Platforms articulated in Table 1.1 shall be mechanisms for: Selecting areas of research for funding; Setting technopreneurship-focused applied research agenda; Creating technopreneurship and industry-led clusters, involving small and large firms, both indigenous and foreign-owned; Simulating research in industry, or funded by industry, or commissioned by industry with State support; Attracting targeted Foreign Direct Investment; and focusing activities of government agencies in creating knowledge- based economy.

As illustrated in Table 1.1, each of the said sectors will require access to the necessary technology platforms as well as the policy, institutional, legal, regulatory and funding support to optimize its utilization of technology for enhanced national output and improved social welfare for Kenyas citizens.

Table 1.1:
SECTOR Tourism

Sectoral ST&I Challenges and Supportive Strategic Technology Platforms

ST&I CHALLENGE Matching the range and quality of products and services to tastes and preferences (matching supply with demand) to enhance competitiveness Development of targeted new products and services Preservation of biodiversity for tourism Matching skills development with tourism industry demand ST&I INTERVENTIONS Generate information and data for improved processess Identify technologies for improving service delivery and value addition Develop and implement quality standards and benchmarking norms for tourism industry Development of training facilities and centres of excellence for the tourism industry. Promotion of innovations in products, processes and services in tourism. Promotion of technology based businesses in tourism Development acquisition and transfer of technologies to support development of niche tourist products Support accreditation of selected strategic medical facilities to target the growing medical tourism industry to support promotion of medical tourism in the country Identify and develop indigenous resources and knowledge targetting the tourism industry Design and development of integrated visitor information system (IVIS) Support design and development of a one stop tourism adventure at the Nairobi Game Park for international travellers on transit via Jomo-Kenyatta International Airport Generate and disseminate information and data on natural resource management and climate change specific to the drying of lakes in the Rift Valley and melting of ice on Mt. Kenya Assess the impact of tourism facilities on biodiversity Provision of high quality skills for the industry Support the development of national training and testing standards STRATEGIC TECHNOLOGY PLATFORMS Eco-tourism technologies Medical tourism technologies Security surveillance systems ICT technologies Marketting technologies Communications technologies Database technologies Packaging technologies

Agriculture

Value addition to agricultural products through processing and preservation Enhancing productivity and safety Quality of agricultural inputs, research, extention services and production technologies Integrity of agricultural industry players Value addition to farm waste How to improve the prediction of weather for farming Reduce supply side inefficiencies and improve market access Development of skills in agro-processing

Agricultural R&D for improved products and production processes Identify, review and facilitate mainstreaming of technologies in support of agroprocessing and agribusiness. Enhance productivity of the value chain Technologies for converting farm waste into commercial products Assess and advice on the capabilities and capacities of meteorological services vis a vis the demands in the agricultural sector Develop simple on-farm technologies for preserving agricultural products Support generation and dissemination of marketing information and technologies Skills development and upgrading for workers in agriculture Agriculture technology-based enterprises.

Ingredient technology Food microstructure Flavour and quality Post Harvest technologies Pathogen control systems including risk analyses methodologies High pressure technologies Food irradiation Robotics and information Technology Reduced input farming systems Waste reduction and management technologies Environmental modelling technologies Diagnostics, Genetics and breeding technologies Environmental impact assessments Market intelligence of consumer behaviour

SECTOR

ST&I CHALLENGE

ST&I INTERVENTIONS

STRATEGIC TECHNOLOGY PLATFORMS Meteorological and technologies Instrumentation and metrology technology Packaging technologies

Wholesale & Retail Trade

ST&I application for enhanced efficiency in wholesale and Retail supply chain

Improve process efficiency for MSMEs Skills development in technology based business for MSMEs Facilitate development, acquision and application of production, processing and market access technologies and skills Provide technology based business incubation support services Facilitate development acquision and application of one stop shop technologies and unified taxation system to reduce cost of doing business

Market intelligence Information technology Management Information Systems Supply-demand chain tracking technologies Instrumentation and metrology technology Packaging technologies Design technologies Processing/ fabrication of existing, new and advanced materials Instrumentation and metrology Integration and miniaturization technologies ICT, telematics and logistics technologies Packaging technologies

Manufacturing

Development of technical capacities and capabilities in manufacturing

Support R&D, technology transfer (through licensing, joint venture, etc) and design and development capacities and capabilities Strengthen linkages for knowledge generation and use within industry, universities, research institutions and other knowledge intermediaries. Cost-saving production processes Develop and support technology-based enterprises Support skills development and upgrading in manufacturing Advice, source and support application of efficient state - of the - art technology and environmentally friendly techniques Integrate cleaner production techniques Provide technology based business incubation support services Assessment and characterization of materials requirements for various manufacturing subsectors

Financial Services

ST&I application for institutional efficiency and commercial justice, macro economic performance and competitiveness

Assessment, development, acquisition and application of comprehensive financial information management system technologies R&D support in banking technology to promote efficiency in provision of banking services Support the broadening of the technology base for modernization and upgrading of existing banking networks Identification, acquisition and deployment of robust anti-fraud technology Skills development in banking expertise, regulatory oversight and efficiency in allocating and managing banking assets

Specialized banking infrastructure Advanced banking software technology development Management Information Systems Bank networking technologies ICT Risk assessment and management technology Instrumentation and metrology technology Information and communication technology Virtual learning technologies; Curriculum development and delivery technologies Quality control and standardization technologies

Education

Develop SET skills for global competitiveness

Mainstream Science, Engineering and Technical basic education Policy review in the education sector Curriculum development and review to ensure quality and relevance Science, technology and innovation communication and advocacy Increase ST&I co-curriculla activities in basic education Review the national TIVET qualification framework to increase TIVET education pathways

SECTOR

ST&I CHALLENGE

ST&I INTERVENTIONS

STRATEGIC TECHNOLOGY PLATFORMS Laboratory and workshop technologies Instrumentation and metrology technology

Health

ST&I for improving the cost effectiveness and efficiency of the health care delivery system Determination of the quantity, quality and spatial distribution of herbal and traditional medicines Promote efficiency in delivery of health services Demonstrating the efficacy of herbal and traditional medicine Mainstreaming herbal and traditional medicine into the national health care system Improve capacities and capabilities for curative and preventive health Facilitate brain gain in the medical profession

Development of a comprehensive health service delivery management information system Support development and implementation of electronic multi-purpose cards to support realization of health care objectives and link the sector to other service sectors Facilitate international certification of strategic health facilities to support international collaborative R&D and the development of medical tourism Mapping and documentation of herbs with medicinal value R&D in the efficacy of herbal medicine and traditional medical practices Skills development and upgrading for indegenous knowledge Develop curricular in herbal medicine and traditional knowledge Communication and advocacy on the science and art of traditional knowledge Facilitating an efficient and high quality health care system of International standards Create web enabled data base applications for monitoring drug delivery and other medical supplies countrywide Support development, acquisition, adaptation and diffusion of state of the art medical technology Skills development and upgrading ST&I personnel recognition awards Benchmark and harmonize the Kenyan health system with international standards

Genomics DNA chips, biomaterials Bioinformatics Proteomics Gene chip technology Knock-outs and transgenics Robotics Biosensor Bio-remediation Instrumentation and metrology technology Drug design, development and delivery Diagnostics and therapeutic Telemedicine Marketing Packaging technologies

Environment, Water and Sanitation

ST&I for Environmental management and Biodiversity conservation

Support R&D in environmental management Support policy development in Environmental management

Sensor technology Instrumentation and metrology technology Environmental management technologies Maritime technologies Biotechnology Information and communication technology Marketing technologies Production and processing technologies and systems for environmental products Nuclear technology Geological exploration technologies Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Packaging technologies

ST&I for provision of early warning systems and knowledge based mitigation for natural and technological emergencies Irrigation infrastructure

Support development of early warning systems and knowledge based mitigation for natural and technological emergencies Energy and water efficient irrigation technologies

Forecasting technologies

Irrigation technologies

SECTOR

ST&I CHALLENGE ST&I for enhanced water security and basic , food and ecological sanitation

ST&I INTERVENTIONS Development, acquisition and transfer of technologies for basic, food and ecological sanitation Water security assessment Modern and efficient technologies in water management and use Skills development and upgrading in water research and management Support policy formulation for harmonizing ST&I issues in sectors dealing with the water resource Research in ocean water desalination Develop, acquire, transfer and diffusion of technologies in solid and liquid waste management

STRATEGIC TECHNOLOGY PLATFORMS Instrumentation and metrology technology

Natural resource management Biodiversity conservation

Support research in forest, natural resource management and biodiversity conservation Support multi-disciplinary scientific research and development in marine and coastal management Support policy development in Natural Resource management

Remote Sensing GIS GPS Seismology Infrasound Technology Meteorology Instrumentation and metrology technology Packaging technologies

Capacity and capabilities for mineral resource exploration and exploitation Resource based human conflict in the mining zones Determination of the national mineral resource base Value addition to mineral processing Gender, Youth and Vulnerable Groups Increasing interest in SET among the youth and vulnerable groups Increase effective participation of men, women, youth and disadvantaged groups in ST&I Increasing access to and relevance and quality of SET skills Governance, Security and Rule of law Using ST&I to enhance the integrity, transparency and accountability electoral processess.

Skills development and upgrading Knowledge based mining, mineral processing and related technologies Assessment for mineral quantities and value Acquisition of technology for mining and value addition in mineral processing

Mining and mining safety technologies Mineral processing technologies Packaging technologies Remediation technologies

Provision of targeted and relevant SET skills Support technology based business incubation Business support services for technology based enterprises

ICT Laboratory and workshop technologies Design technologies Biotechnology Packaging technologies

Develop, acquire and transfer relevant ICTs that increase the efficiency and ensure the integrity of the electoral process Develop and update ICTs based database of citizens, registered voters and information on the electoral process Technical skills training in the electoral process

Mapping technologies Instrumentation and metrology technology ICT Sensor technologies

SECTOR

ST&I CHALLENGE Using ST&I to forster democracy, public participation in governance, transparency, accountability, ethical and results-oriented government Institutions

ST&I INTERVENTIONS Develop, acquire and transfer relevant ICTs that increase the efficiency and ensure the integrity of the public information process Develop and update ICTs based database of taxes and public resource utilization and services to citizens, Technical skills training in the electoral process

STRATEGIC TECHNOLOGY PLATFORMS Security and barrier construction technology Crowd management technologies

Provision of information to policy makers for decision making Evidence based decision making by policy makers Internal, external and transnational security threats

Support development of legal and regulatory framework that facilitate service delivery Skills development and upgrading for improved public administration and service delivery

Promote the establishment of security related programmes in TIVET and university institutions with special emphasis on technologies and space science initiative to address the question of security in the country Develop technology-based security surveilance systems Non intrusive crime prevention and detection

ST&I application in addressing and enforcing the Rule of law Using ST&I to increase efficiency and effectiveness in enforcing the rule of law Information & Communicatio n Technologies Provision of technologies Capacity and capability in ICT

Develop, acquire and transfer technologies for crime prevention and detection Increase the technical skill for crime prevention and detection among law enforcement personnel Creation of ICT legal and regulatory framework that facilitate ST&I Development of a supporting ICT infrastructure; Development of value added services and creation of local content; Deployment of e-government for improvement of public service delivery to citizens, private organization and businesses; Leverage ICTs in operations of Small and medium Enterprises; Develop ICT capacity that sustainably supports ICT industry; Public, Private Partnership in development of national ICT infrastructure Communication Networks technologies Electronics and hardware technologies Software development technologies Bioinformatics and simulation technologies Packaging technologies Mechatronics

Supporting development of BPO raw infrastructure and software through ST&I products and services Providing technological capacity and capabilities for business process offshoring

Assessment of the national skills for BPO Skills development and upgrading Technology based business offshoring infrastructure Support the development of computerbased business processes Mainstream ST&I in BPO policy review

SECTOR Housing and Infrastructure

ST&I CHALLENGE Provision of planning and construction technologies Capacity and capability building for high-tech infrastructure design and development

ST&I INTERVENTIONS Support the acquisition of building technologies Develop technologies for building construction and works of civil engineering Capacity building in Design and development Technologies for exploitation of locally available building materials Assessment of availability of building materials Develop technologies for utilization of in-situ building materials Develop technology-based security surveilance systems Use GIS technologies planning and management Develop information and data application system Skills development and certification for experts and contractors in the building and construction industry

STRATEGIC TECHNOLOGY PLATFORMS Materials Science technologies Nanotechnology ICT Construction technologies Acoustic technologies Design and maintenance technologies Intermodality of transport technologies Telematics for transport technologies Land-use development technologies Mechatronics New and renewable energy technologies Intelligent systems technologies Instrumentation and metrology technologies

Provision of the transport infrastructure Capacity and capability in transport infrastructre

Develop intelligent transport information systems Support mitigation against deterioration of infrastructure Improvement in the efficiency, effectiveness and safety of the transport system

Increase energy production Diversify energy sources Reduce high fuel and energy cost

Improvement of efficiency in energy use and conservation Support of Research and development for efficient energy production, use and conservation Facilitate research in waste management and utilization of the same for energy production Support research in exploration and exploitation of alternative energy sources Develop and upgrade skills in energy production, conservation and use Development, acquisition or transfer of technologies of alternative energy sources

Labour and employment Sector

Aligning skills development with labour market requirements Technological learning within local enterprises Fostering innovative workforce

Promote development of technological learning schemes Carry out national skills audit that includes TIVET Technological learning Support development of large scale domestic contractors Occupational safety and health

ICT Productiovity measurement technologies Intrumentation and metrology technologies Quality assurance and standardisation technologies Safety and health technologies Virtual learning technologies

Population and Urbanization

ST&I support for the understanding of population dynamics Functioning national land management system

Support implementation of integrated population registration and management system Support development and implementation of nation land information management system Support formulation and implementation of strategic development and investment plans for six metropolitan regions

ICT Modelling technologies Forecasting technologies GIS Integrated population management technologies Environmental management technologies Disaster and emergency management technologies

SECTOR Macroeconomic framework for MTP

ST&I CHALLENGE Increase domestic component of national investment Determination of ST&I contribution to economic growth

ST&I INTERVENTIONS Establish the ST&I contribution to GDP Identify and support development of new economic growth areas Integrated information and data management on macroeconomic variables Support the development and implementation of credit referencing Improve the design of macroeconomic variables computing system Support the development of data collection, analysis and computiong methodologies for macroeconomic variables Reduction in information Assymmetry Targeted acquisition of skills and technology through contracting of foreign firms

STRATEGIC TECHNOLOGY PLATFORMS ICT Economic crime prevention and detection technologies Analytical technologies Database technologies GIS Asset management technologies

Social Equity and Poverty Reduction

Access to better/appropriate technologies that enhance equity and poverty reduction Access to SET skills for innovation and employment creation ST&I for poverty profiling

Technologies for mapping poverty and its various dimensions Technology based enterprises that exploit regional resource endowments Develop technoprenueships based on regional resource availability to increase household incomes and gender parity Develop, acquire and transfer cheap but effective household level technologies that save on time and costs particularly to women Provide skills training facilities for youth and lifelong learning at local and regional level Support development of NSDI infrastructure for improved access to public services profile and information Carry out ST&I Community outreach programmes to support application of science and technology

ICT Mapping technologgies Packaging technologies Instrumentation and metrology Processing and fabrication technologies Targeted last step manufacturing (Assembling) technologies Recycling technologies

1.4. Strategic Priorities and Prospects for 2008 2012

The Government of Kenya recognizing the importance of ST&I and the challenges facing the sector proposes to undertake a number of measures to leverage it for the benefit of the Kenyan people. These measures covering the 2008 2012 period are articulated under five key strategic thrust areas, namely: Strengthening the Technical Capacities and Capabilities Developing Highly Skilled Human Resources Intensification of Innovation in Priority Sectors Enhancing ST&I Awareness Strengthening the ST&I Performance Management Framework

Note//explain in relationship with the 1st thrust

1.4.1. STRENGTHENING TECHNICAL CAPACITIES AND CAPABILITIES

Kenyas overall STI capacity and capability is currently weak in comparison with competitor and aspirational countries. In view of this, a need exists for it to strengthen its overall ST&I sector. To this end, the country will focus on creation of better production processes, with strong emphasis on technological learning focusing on technologies and processes enhancing national competitiveness and enable creation of quality jobs. Capacities of ST&I institutions will be enhanced through advanced training of personnel, improved infrastructure, equipment, and through strengthening linkages with actors in the productive sectors. A programme targeting provision of ST&I infrastructure will be implemented over a period of three years to the tune of Kshs________________. In order to support Kenyas entry into frontier research a programme supporting cutting edge research in agro-processing, biotechnology, ICT, laser and material sciences will be implemented. It is expected that the capacity of local firms, particularly micro, small and medium scale enterprises (MSMEs), to identify and assimilate new and existing knowledge to increase regional and global competitiveness will be enhanced. In this regard various programmes to upgrade the skills and technical competencies of both workers and owners of MSMEs aimed at

14

increasing their productivity and level of technology utilization will be implemented. Measures to enhance capacity to effectively leverage indigenous resources and knowledge will be aggressively put in place. Development of targeted comprehensive infrastructure via industrial and science parks will be prioritized. These will focus on establishing niches for Kenya and also increasing the volume of high technology manufactured exports emanating from Kenya.

15

Figure 1.1: ST&I Strategic Priorities and Thrusts for Kenya Vision 2030

1.4.2. DEVELOPING A HIGHLY SKILLED HUMAN RESOURCE BASE

Skilled human resource requirements relate to sufficiency and skills competence. While Kenya has a pool of talented human resource, there exists a shortage of skilled workforce in many ST&I fields that support the national priority sectors. To develop a highly skilled human resource base, measures to improve the national pool of skills and talent relevant to the needs of national priority areas will be put in place. To this end a National Skills Inventory and Audit Survey will be implemented to form a basis for targeted long term development of a human resource base supportive of the ST&I sector in accordance to UNESCOs ST&I standards. On the basis of this, a National Critical Skills Development Strategy will be formulated for implementation by 2009. The number of researchers, scientists and engineers will be increased focusing on national priority sectors. The current transition rate from secondary level education to university will be increased and the postgraduate training strengthened, particularly in science and technology. It is expected that the level of numeracy and literacy at all levels of the education system will be substantially increased by 2012.

1.4.3. INTENSIFICATION OF INNOVATION IN PRIORITY SECTORS

The Kenyan economy exhibits limited levels on innovation required to foster increased output and productivity improvements necessary for employment and wealth creation. Compared to their peers, Kenyan firms have lower levels of productivity which must be enhanced. In this regard a biannual National Innovation Survey will be implemented to determine the incidence of innovation in the national priority areas as well as determining the impediments to increased innovation in the those sectors. Further, to intensify innovation, funding for basic and applied research at higher institutions of learning and for research and development in collaboration with industries will be increased to Kshs.______________________ 37 billion in 2012. Furthermore, measures will be taken to coordinate research activities to ensure synergy, avoid duplication and focus on national priority sectors as well as new and emerging technology areas. In this regard, proven technical knowledge produced in industries and tertiary institutions, including universities, will be transformed into technologies and protected as intellectual property rights. In this regard high technology exports as a

17

proportion of manufactured exports in Kenyan economy will be targeted to increase from 3.1% in 2005 to 25% in 2012. In order to promote greater efficiency in various national priority sectors, promote international competitiveness and assure consumer acceptance, a programme to promote standardization and quality assurance in the various sectors will be implemented to strengthen existing system and bring them up to par with international best practice. Indigenous knowledge and technology, which is part of our national heritage, remains unmapped and has exposed our national heritage to misuse by external interest groups. Measures will be taken to identify and protect this heritage. In order to encourage innovation and other scientific endeavors, a system of national recognition will be established to honor innovators.

1.4.4.

ENHANCING

SCIENCE,

TECHNOLOGY

AND

INNOVATION

AWARENESS
A strong foundation and basic understanding of ST&I, and its universal importance is needed to make the breakthroughs or commercialize applications that will ensure the prosperity of the country. Appreciation and awareness, among policymakers and the general public on the importance of science, technology and innovation in Kenya and its implication in everyday life, including the ethical and moral, legal, social and economic aspects is low. In view of the importance of STI in society, efforts must be made to promote awareness of new ideas and discoveries to the general public. A key goal of activities under this thrust will be to imbue a culture of creativity, innovativeness and continuous learning in Kenya supportive of ST&I uptake and utilization. Under this plan, measures create and deepen STI awareness amongst policy makers and implementers and particularly in the social sphere will be put in place. Multisectoral initiatives to develop STI solutions to address current and future development problems will be publicized and showcased. From professional associations to community science networks; from non-profits to big business; and from ECD, primary and secondary schools to universities and technical institutes, the programme will create and nurture a passion for learning, creativity, technology and innovation.

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1.4.5.

STRENGTHENING

THE

STI

PERFORMANCE

MANAGEMENT

FRAMEWORK
There is general ineffectiveness in the coordination of the national ST&I system, leading to inefficient resource utilization. Furthermore, there is lack of adequate information to facilitate regional and international benchmarking and track the implementation of ST&I activities. Therefore, under this plan, an understanding of the utilization of resources in the ST&I sector to contribute to national development is critical. A framework to collate and disseminate information on the resources employed by the sector and their effectiveness will be put in place. It will focus on timely tracking of the implementation of various programmes/initiatives under this plan aimed at realizing its overall objectives. The coordination of ST&I activities will also seek to leverage the activities of international organizations working in the country for the furtherance of national ST&I objectives.

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2
2.1

FLAGSHIP PROGRAMMES FOR VISION 2030.

Introduction

The global economy, including Kenya, is undergoing rapid development into a knowledge-based economy, where technology, driven by skills and innovation, will be among the key determinants to enhance efficiency, productivity and competitiveness. In this respect, science technology and innovation have become important enabling tools, leading to changes in the comparative advantage and competitiveness of economies worldwide. The Situation Analysis has identified strategic issues that impact on the effective development and utilization of ST&I. This Chapter outlines the programmes and projects that will implement the proposed interventions to achieve the ST&I goals as given in the Vision 2030. The programmes will be implemented in the five year period of this Medium Term Plan. The programmes will also implement the Science, Technology and Innovation policy and Strategy developed by the stakeholders in the ST&I sector. Kenya harnesses science, technology and innovation in all aspect of its social and economic development in order to foster national prosperity and global competitiveness. Science, technology and innovation will be mainstreamed in all the sectors of the economy through carefully-targeted investment programmes. The programmes are organized under five main strategic thrusts that address the strategies for promoting science, technology and innovation as spelt out in the Vision 2030. These are: Strengthening technical capacities and capabilities Development, utilization and retention of highly skilled human resources Intensification of innovation in priority sectors Increasing ST&I awareness and public participation Strengthening the ST&I Performance Management Framework

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2.2

Strategic Thrust One: Strengthening Technical Capacities and Capabilities

The goal of this strategic thrust is to strengthen Kenyas overall ST&I capacity and capability and increase the capacity of local firms to identify and assimilate existing knowledge in order to increase competitiveness. This will focus on creation of better production processes, with strong emphasis on technological learning. The capacities of STI institutions will be enhanced through advanced training of personnel, improved infrastructure, equipment, and through strengthening linkages with actors in the productive sectors.

2.2.1 STRATEGY ONE: IMPROVE PRODUCTION PROCESSES

ST&I FOR EFFICIENT PRODUCTION PROGRAMME Technology Assessment Project There is a wide disparit y in technological capacity and capability between Kenya and the industrialized nations making competitive production and participation by Kenyan companies difficult. This is as a result of lack of inadequate assessment of the potential technological areas that Kenya can competitively participate in and develop a market niche for her products. The objective of this project is therefore to make an assessment of Kenyas technological competitiveness and apply technologies that will support the production processes in national growth priority areas. The main players in implementing the technologies assessment project will be the Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Trade and Industry (MoTI), KIRDI, KAM, KEPSA, Research Institutes, Tertiary Institutions, KIPI and Universities. KENYA TOURISM RESEARCH PROGRAMME The Kenya Tourism Research Programme is aimed providing the industry with relevant, accurate and up to date information to improve the Kent tourism industrys competitiveness in the national and international marketplace as a long-term, high quality and sustainable tourism destination. The overall purpose of the programme is to furnish enhanced information for decisions to assist tourists and residents in pre-planning visits, aid tourism business in gaining and maintaining a competitive edge and allow tourism professionals to adopt a more long-term and sustainable

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approach to tourism development in the Country. The project will support consultancy and advisory services to the tourism and hospitality industry, improving the efficiency and effectiveness in the utilization of Kenyas Tourism resources, establishing and updating databases on tourism aspects such as accommodation, attractions, visitor safety and numbers, passenger visits and spending statistics, and visitor profiles together with sources of survey information and provide for accessible, user friendly reference points for tourism research and information The programme will be implemented under the following projects. Kenya Tourism Research Audit Project This project will collect, exchange, analyze and communicate existing tourism studies and research programmes in Kenya The main players in implementing this project will be the Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Tourism, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Information and Communication, KEPSA, Research Institutes, Tertiary institutions and Universities Develop Internet Technology Project This project will cover the development of a Kenya tourism research website to facilitate wider industry access to Kenya tourism research studies complete with a Search Engine to ensure visits to the site are maximized.

The main players in implementing this project will be the Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Tourism, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Information and Communication, KEPSA, Research Institutes, Tertiary institutions and Universities

Internet Geographic Information Project This project will establish detailed specifications for the development of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) on the Internet, creating interactive maps for both tourism professionals and visitors; a full audit and evaluation of existing technological capability of tourism operators. It will also examine databases for the networking requirements of tourism operators and identify key stakeholder mapping needs (via survey and focus group work with visitors and tourism industry professionals)

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The main players in implementing this project will be the Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Tourism, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Information and Communication, KEPSA, Research Institutes, Tertiary institutions and Universities

Kenya Tourism Activity and Trends Monitoring Project The objective of this project is to establish a shared tourism activity and trends monitoring service to measure over time tourism industry performance in Kenya. Trends monitoring will provide reasons for downturn or growth to enable the industry can intervene with tactical measures when appropriate. The project will be implemented under the following components: The project will cover the publication of regular research reports and publicize widely to tourism stakeholders via industry extranets, an annual trends analysis of the visitor market and a national Tourism Performance Review for distribution to public and private sector industry partners. It will also measure the evolution of the market and explore the new research areas identified with partners and establish an operational character for local tourism operators to allow them to adjust their action programmes on new product development, information, promotion and communication to effectively targeted at this market. The main players in implementing this project will be the Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Tourism, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Information and Communication, KEPSA, Research Institutes, Tertiary institutions and Universities

Kenya Tourism Niche Markets Development Project A number of niche markets have been identified. The overall aim of this project is to investigate the potential for the future actions in terms of product development and marketing programmes. The project will cover Cultural Tourism component to investigate the tourism impact

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of museums and heritage sites across Kenya; Rural Tourism component to address a range of questions including how tourism and recreation impact on the rural economy, the range and character of rural tourism products in Kenya, the market potential of rural tourism in Kenya, the factors (both supply and demand related) limiting tourism growth in this area, the physical development needed to increase the economic impact of the tourism market, the contribution of rural tourism to conservation; Sports and Activity Tourism component to investigate the potential of developing coherent and complementary offers, including how to extend some elements of the sports/activities offer to transit tourists, thereby increasing the economic contribution of the latter.

The main players in implementing this project will be the Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Tourism, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Information and Communication, KEPSA, Research Institutes, Tertiary institutions and Universities

Energy Technologies Project The energy programme will cover research and advisory framework for energy sources for electricity generation, improved energy use efficiency and, alternative and renewable energy. Clean energy production component will focus on research and development of technical and commercial feasibility of the production of electricity and various new products. The component on improved energy use efficiency will focus on developing key energy use efficiency technologies to achieve production and save energy for both conventional and unconventional resources while minimizing environmental impacts. The alternative and renewable energy component will be implemented with the aim of advancing and adapting technology for alternative energy sources like water, wind, sun, geothermal, nuclear energy, gas, oil, coal, domestic waste and biomass so they account for a larger portion of the energy mix. The comparisons will be in engineering process, energy supply, demand for energy sources, ecological assessment, safety aspects and economic importance among other parameters. The fossil fuels and nuclear energy options will be weighed up with the results of the fact that Kenya has come up with national energy data for the application of the Model

24

for Analysis of Energy Demand.

Fluctuating supply from hydroelectric sources,

economic climate of increasing prices for fossil fuels that are highly polluting and contribute to greenhouse warming leave Kenya with two options. One is geothermal potential of 2000 MW being realized yesterday and the nuclear energy option being seriously taken into account in the context of the national energy plan. The project will ensure availability of low cost, clean and sustainable energy sources to meet the energy requirements of the Vision 2030. Of immediate interest is setting up the necessary organs to realize the nuclear and biofuel options. In the short term the aim will be to increase the human resource base, the medium term is to have the necessary infrastructure in place and identify possible sites for building the nuclear power plants and biofuel systems for energy generation. The main players in implementing the energy technologies project include Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Trade and Industry, Universities, Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources, NEMA, Ministry of Energy, KIRDI, Ministry of Roads and Public Works, Manufacturing sector, KENGEN, Office of the President, KPLC, IPP and Cleaner Production Centre. Niche Areas of the Manufacturing Sector Project The aim of this project is to develop technical capacities and capabilities in manufacturing as well as, identify, develop and promote niche areas in advanced manufacturing technology, namely, computer-aided design/computer-aided industrial manufacturing/computeraided engineering (CAD/CAM/CAE),

automation, robotics, and machinery and equipment; and aerospace-related technology, advanced materials which are also recognized as key technology areas in strengthening the technological development capability and generating new sources of growth for the country. Niche areas in manufacturing technology will ensure a competitive advantage over other players in technology development in the world and will attract public-private partnership arrangements Main players in implementing the niche areas of the manufacturing sector will be the Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Trade and Industry, Universities, Manufacturing sector, Tertiary Institutions, Kenya Association of Manufacturers, Kenya Private Sector Alliance, building and construction industry.

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Engineering Design and Development Initiative Kenyas manufacturing sub-sector use relatively old technologies. Moreover, only 7 per cent of its manufacturing technologies are sourced within the country. The rest, 93 per cent is imported. Therefore, for the manufacturing sector to become competitive there is an urgent need for manufacturing engineering design and development. Manufacturing design will be aimed at furthering the development of competitive products and systems while manufacturing development will entail cost and quality for manufacturing competitiveness. The objective of this initiative will, therefore, be to develop and promote capacity in design, development and production of machineries, equipment and tools required by industry for manufacturing. The initiative will also ensure research, training and building of capacity for engineering design and development. The main players in implementing the initiative include, MOST, Ministry of trade and industry, Ministry of education, KIRDI, Institution of Engineers of Kenya IEK and Universities Biotechnology Initiative The objective of this project is to develop and promote biotechnology for efficient and rapid industrial, agricultural and health transformation. The biotechnology project will ensure the development of biomaterials, including polymers, metals, ceramics and composites, which are produced synthetically or biologically, for use in the efficient treatment and management of diseases with growth potential in bio-generics and molecular diagnostics for diseases, as well as vaccines for tropical diseases. The project will also ensure the development of biosensors, which represent a powerful new evolutionary field in analytical measurement technology. The commercial application of biosensors is in the areas of healthcare, industrial process control, agriculture, veterinary medicine, defense and environmental pollution monitoring; Biopolymers, which are biologically produced polymers with unique functional uses, such as stabilizers, thickeners, gallants, binders, dispersants, lubricants, adhesives and drug delivery agents. The main beneficiary of biopolymers is the food processing industry. Other industries which will benefit include cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, packaging, paper and textiles. Advances in plant genetics and fermentation and purification technologies can eventually influence a shift towards the application of more biopolymers than synthetic petroleum-based polymers. The

26

project will lead to growth in industrial biotechnology, including the development of biocatalysts for foods, chemicals and pharmaceuticals, and bio-generic manufacturing. Agriculture biotechnology, with nutra-ceutical and cosme-ceutical products as a potential area. In addition, the application of plant biotechnology will be aimed at increasing crop yields, producing pest and drought resistant strains. The rise in crude oil prices will provide opportunities for the country to develop alternative sources of fuel, for example, biodiesel. Challenges in adopting biotechnology include the high costs of development, lack of availability of funds to finance more sophisticated and expensive health care, the fear of litigation and lack of a national biotechnology strategy to address six key themes that emerged from the national biotechnology policy which are biotechnology in the community, ensuring effective regulation, biotechnology in the economy, Kenyan biotechnology in the Global market, resources for biotechnology and finally maintaining momentum and coordination. In this regard, a National Biosafety Authority and associated legislation for the enhancement of the implementation and coordination of the national biosafety framework and strategy will be established during the plan period to ensure that the potential risks and opportunities from the introduction of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are accurately assessed and managed effectively. The project offers opportunities to partner with industry and establish PPPs as well as promote essential foreign investment to add value to Kenyan biotechnology and in developing key regional and international markets. The main players in implementing the biotechnology project include Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Trade and Industry, Universities, Ministry of Health, Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries, KARI, KEMRI, NMK-IPR, KEFRI, KIRDI, Ministry of Energy, KEPHIS, KAM, ERC. Food Security and Agriculture Project Kenya will continue to face challenges that will require focused research into new genotypes to cater for areas like the Arid and Semi Arid of the country. We need to develop appropriate technologies for irrigation to cover dry or marginalized areas which could guarantee sustainable food security

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The main objective of this project is to develop new cultivars technologies and practice appropriate technology for maximum crop yield and food security. The main players in implementing this project include Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Trade and Industry, Universities, Ministry of Health, Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries, KARI, KEMRI, NMKIPR, KEFRI, KIRDI, Ministry of Energy, KEPHIS, KAM, ERC. Value Addition Initiative The aim of the project is to develop and promote value addition and agro-processing technologies to ensure high value exports through efficient and effective production. The project will; Ensure low cost production and processing, high productivity and quality of agricultural produce and products as well as encourage growth of rural nonfarm enterprises. Ensure the exploitation of indigenous foods for consumption and commercialization and will attract public-private partnership arrangements. Ensure value addition to farm waste as well as assess and advice on the capabilities and capacities of meteorological services vis a vis the demands in the agricultural sector Reduce supply side inefficiencies and improve market access Develop skills in agro-processing

The main players in implementing the Value addition and Agro-processing Project include Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries, KARI, KIRDI, Universities, Kenya Association of Manufacturers, Kenya Private Sector Alliance, NMK. Health Initiative The need to create new medicines, vaccines and diagnostics requires the application of new cutting edge technologies and state-of-art laboratory facilities. Such technologies include Molecular biology, Genomics, Proteomics, nanobiotechnology and Bioinformatic sciences. The aim of this initiative is therefore to develop the Kenyan health system to international standards through ST&I. It will ensure standards improvement and research in multi-sectoral health issues

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including infectious diseases, reverse engineering, warning systems, neglected diseases, and nutrition, HIV/AIDS, malaria, TB and emerging infections;, mainstreaming of herbal and traditional medicine into the national health care system and demonstration of their efficacy. In addition, it will ensure commercial production of traditional plants for medicinal use and streamlining of the intersectoral and public-private sector partnerships in hi-tech medical technologies and improvement of cost effectiveness and efficiency of the health care delivery system. The main players in implementing the Health Initiative project include Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Health, Universities, KEMRI, NMK-IPR, Kenya Association of Manufacturers, Federation of Kenya Employers (FKE), Central Organization for Trade Unions (COTU), National Aids Control Council (NACC), herbal medicine practitioners and Kenya Private Sector Alliance (KEPSA). Information and Communication Technology Initiative The aim of this project is to develop high tech vibrant, affordable and globally competitive ICT infrastructure and technology that will ensure efficient service delivery in all sectors of the economy including supporting the Business Process Outsourcing. The project will help integrate information management and communication and also drive production systems. ICT sector will intensify training efforts to build capacity in ICT, facilitate development and growth of a robust ICT infrastructure, improve delivery of service through e-government strategy, provide a stable umbrella for public private sector growth, integrate and popularize the use of ICT and establish data sharing and value addition through national spatial data infrastructure and will attract public-private partnership arrangements. The ICT sector will also support development of BPO raw infrastructure and software through ST&I products and services and provide technological capacity and capabilities for business process offshoring. Advancements in information and communication technology will provide an important infrastructure for information communication to farmers and other stakeholders in terms of current market prices, inputs, weather and other alerts. The main players in implementing the Information, communication, technology project include Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Trade and Industry, Universities, Ministry Information and Communication, E-Government Secretariat,

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Ministry of Finance (GITS), Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries, KEPSA, Kenya ICT Federation, Kenya ICT Board, the Communications Commission of Kenya (CCK) and KAM. Development of a National Mineral Industry Project The aim of this project is to build Capacity and capabilities for mineral resource exploration and exploitation, establish and implement Resource based human conflict mechanisms in the mining zones and determine the national mineral resource base. In addition, it will ensure efficiency in mining and value addition in mineral processing. The main players in implementing the National Mineral Industry project include Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources, Universities, NEMA, Ministry of Energy, KEPSA, Ministry of Cooperative Development and KAM. A National Water Research Development Project The aim of the Project will be to intensify research, development and promotion in Indigenous technology in the water sector, Integrated Water Resource Management, Ecological sanitation, Water Information systems, irrigation technologies and Wetlands management. The project will improve the quality and quantity of water using low cost and effective technologies and improve water use efficiency by households, agriculture and industry. The project will also support the water sector reforms to facilitate the mainstreaming of ST&I into the water sector. The main players include Ministry of Science & Technology, Ministry of water and irrigation, Research institutions, other government ministries, and Universities. Natural Resource Management Initiative Natural resource management is challenging, and diverse stakeholders have increasingly polarized perspectives. As policymakers create broad policy and specific programs in keeping with changing and often conflicting societal values and demands, there is a growing recognition that the knowledge base on which to make informed decisions is weak. With the high stakes surrounding resource decisions (locally, regionally, nationally, and globally), more stakeholders and interests are calling for scientific scrutiny and

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involvement in making important resource allocation and management decisions. The aim of this project is therefore to integrate science, technology and innovation into land, marine and aquatic resource management decisions and policymaking and will attract public-private partnership arrangements. The main players in implementing this include the Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources, Ministry of Science and Technology, Universities, relevant Government Ministries and other relevant Research Institutes. Productivity and Competitiveness Project Labour productivity is hinged on increased education training within a framework of matching private sector and labour skills while capital productivity is based on increasing capital utilization and investment in appropriate capital technology by all types of investors. Total factor productivity can be increased by the generation, transfer and adoption of appropriate product and process technology. Kenya lags behind in enhanced productivity due to inadequate coordination. There is need to stimulate research and development and technology transfer in ST&I while at the same time improving productivity and competitiveness of Enterprises. Labour productivity gains will be achieved through continuous upgrading of labour force skills, assessment and possibly the adjustment of production processes. The government will support initiatives aimed at integrating issues related to HRD and efficient production planning in the curriculum of management courses offered by various training institutions. Other initiatives will involve incorporation of HRD and productivity issues in management programmes, articulating the interests of the private sector into the TIVET reform process, restructuring of the Industrial Training Levy Scheme, strengthening energy efficiency and clean production, facilitating private sector driven research and development, and strengthen programme for appropriate technology transfer. The project will be implemented through public-private partnership arrangements. The main objective of this project is to design and implement productivity improvement interventions. The main players in implementing this MoST, KEPSA, COTU, Productivity Centre of Kenya, KAM, MoT&I, KIRDI, MoL.

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2.2.2 STRATEGY TWO: IMPROVE CAPACITIES AND CAPABILITIES OF ST&I INSTITUTIONS

STRENGTHENING AND RE-ENGINEERING ST&I INSTITUTIONS PROGRAMME Review of the Institutional, Legal and Regulatory Framework for Science, Technology and Innovation in Kenya The project will focus on developing and implementing policies and enabling legislation to support the generation and utilization of ST&I. In addition, the National IP Policy will be reviewed to ensure judicious enforcement of IPR to maximize incentives for exploitation and generation of ST&I. This project also aims at reviewing and harmonizing existing policies and laws governing TIVET, and drafting a TIVET Bill and enacting the TIVET Act, sensitization of all the stakeholders on the Act. It will also establish the TIVET Authority. The project will also involve revision of legal frameworks governing registration, qualification, training and development of TIVET trainers. It will harmonize the system of examinations, credits, certification, and qualification within the TIVET system. Finally, it will develop and implement a national TIVET qualifications framework. This project will also focus on reviewing the legal, Institutional and regulatory framework to facilitate institution of a regulatory regime that will allow positive and defensive protection and beneficial exploitation of indigenous knowledge, technologies and practices for the benefit of Kenyan people. The project will ensure a coordinated and efficient system for development, acquisition, use, transfer and management of technology. Other outputs of this project include: The identification of new science and technology policy choices for sustainable development as well as benchmarking good practice activities in support of the creation of framework conditions for ST&I A Presidential Advisory Commission on Science, Technology and Innovation will be established to oversee the implementation of the ST&I policy. It will involve putting in place mechanisms to establish the PAC ST&I as well as appointment of the Presidential Advisory Commission. The project will ensure a coordinated and efficient system for development, acquisition, use and transfer of technology. The project will also ensure political good will to support ST&I.

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A National Commission on Science, Technology and Innovation (NACSTI) will also be established to enhance co-ordination of national ST&I. The NCST will be elevated to a National Commission on Science, Technology and Innovation to strengthen its national ST&I coordination role. NACSTI will ensure timely and relevant advice to government on matters of ST&I in addressing National priorities. A National Technology Acquisition office and National ST&I Approval and Surveillance Council will also be established alongside this institution. A TIVET Authority will also be established to guide and determine technical training in the country including a National Qualifications Framework

Establishment of Access Regimes for National and International Digital Research Data from Public Funding will be done to develop a data base based on commonly agreed principles to facilitate optimal cost-effective access to digital research data for decision making. This will ensure International exchange of data, information and knowledge which will contribute to the advancement of scientific research and innovation. Access to data will be facilitated to maximize the value derived from public investments in data collection efforts. The project will target participation in the global science system, for improved social and economic development

Establishment of Research Councils for identified national priority sectors to facilitate the set objectives.

The main players in implementing the legal and regulatory framework project include Ministry of Science and Technology, Attorney General Office, Universities, Government Ministries, KEPSA, KAM and KIRDI. National Innovation System Development Project The objective of this project is to create an effective national innovation system and coordinating Agency Under this programme the Government will establish a National Innovation Agency and system as the basis of effective national innovation system that responds to distinctive characteristics for Kenya and its implementing agency and to create economic stimuli for the collaboration of science-industry activities and joint research work. The Agency will implement the policy supporting all types innovation funding, develop the innovation infrastructure and establish a system that prepares specialists and consulting services that are useful for participants in

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innovation activities and act as a depository for information and data on inventions and innovations. The expected outcomes of the project will be the establishment of an effective national infrastructure, legal environment, and management for innovation activities; the development of market relations (1) in use of intellectual resources, (2) innovation assets, (3 ) innovation products, (4) services supporting the innovation; the development of multiple forms of funding and government support for innovation activities and the development of advanced technology based innovation clusters The main players in implementing this project will include Ministry of Science and Technology, Attorney General Office, Industry Associations, Professional Associations, Development Partners, Universities and Government Ministries. Financial Services Project The aim of this project is to improve financial institutional efficiency and ensure commercial justice, improve macro economic performance and competitiveness. The project will ensure comprehensive financial information management systems are put in place, efficiency in the provision of banking services, modernized and upgraded banking networks and a robust and anti-fraud system. The main players in implementing the Financial Services Project include Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Finance, Attorney General Office, Universities, Government Ministries, Capital Markets Authority (CMA), Bankers Associations, Central Bank of Kenya and KEPSA. Governance, Security and Rule of Law Project The aim of this project will be to use ST&I in enhancing the integrity, transparency and accountability of electoral processes; fostering democracy, public participation in governance, ethical and results-oriented government Institutions. In addition, it will provide information to policy makers for decision making and enforcing the Rule of law, and address internal, external and transnational security threats. The main players in implementing this project will include Ministry of Science and Technology, Attorney General Office, Universities, Government Ministries, Ministry of Justice and Constitutional affairs, Affairs, Security Operators, KEPSA. Office of the President, Ministry of Home

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2.2.3 STRATEGY EQUIPMENT

THREE:

IMPROVE

ST&I

INFRASTRUCTURE

AND

ST&I INFRASTRUCTURE AND EQUIPMENT PROGRAMME Centers of Excellence Support Project The aim of this project is to prioritize, identify and strengthen existing ST&I infrastructure with high potential for national development. It will involve carrying out a survey to identify institutions and requisite human resource for establishment of centers of excellence. This will be followed by a needs assessment that will identify requirements for the centers. Resources for establishment of the centers of excellence as per the needs identified will be provided as well as benchmarking of the centres of excellence. These centers will be facilitated to tap from Institutions of higher education to assist in research activities and provide employment opportunities for ST&I graduates. Under the Centers of Excellence Support Project, the Ministry of Science and Technology proposes the development of International Centers of Excellence. These Kenyan International Centers of Excellence will be effectively integrated into global nodes and hubs of networks enhancing Kenyas regional and global competitiveness in the national priority areas identified. The main players include Ministry of Science & Technology, Kenya Industrial Research and Development Institute (KIRDI), the Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Universities, NMK and TIVET institutions. Establishment of Science and Technology Parks and Industrial Incubators project The aim of the science and technology parks and Industrial incubators project will be to establish technology parks and industrial incubators in Kenya to enhance the transfer of knowledge into products and services. The project will enhance public private partnerships in ST&I and encourage the growth of SMEs. The parks also encourage innovation levels to go up and exploitation of the already identified innovations into products and services leads to more National development

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The main players include Ministry of Science & Technology, National Urban and Metropolitan Region Development Board, Kenya Industrial Research and Development Institute (KIRDI), the Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Universities and NMK Targeted ST&I Infrastructure Provision Project The aim of the project will be to provide critical ST&I infrastructure in priority sectors. The project will ensure efficiency of technology development and transfer and increase the capacity and capabilities of the productive sectors to adjust to the demands of vision 2030. The main players include Ministry of Science & Technology, Other government ministries, KEPSA, KIRDI, KAM Research Institutes and Universities. Fast Tracking of TIVET Facilities Project The aim of this project is to upgrade and increase TIVET facilities through partnership with the private sector including integration of ICT infrastructure and capacity. This will involve upgrading, expansion, and establishment of new facilities especially in national priority areas of growth. It will strive to attract private sector investment in the TIVET sector. The project will ensure the provision of new, adequate and quality facilities for effective delivery of TIVET. The main players will include the Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Labour and Human Resource Development, Ministry of State for Youth Affairs, Ministry of Roads and Public Works, KEPSA.

2.2.4 STRATEGY FOUR: DEVELOPING CAPACITY AND CAPABILITIES FOR NEW AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES
NATIONAL MATERIAL SCIENCES PROGRAMME Materials science provides the technical foundation for many of the nations most vital industries: A strong multidisciplinary knowledge base is a prerequisite for efficiency improvement and innovations in national priority growth sectors. The objective of this project is to promote the competitiveness and sustainability of the

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manufacturing sector by building multidisciplinary knowledge base that will enable development of innovative, eco-efficient and cost-competitive products, processes and services. The projects main outputs will be ST&I infrastructure and skills development in nanotechnology, laser technology, microelectronics processing and materials processing technologies. Building and construction Materials Project The aim of this project is the provision of cost effective high quality materials for high-tech infrastructure and transport designs. The main players in implementing the materials project include Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Roads and Public works, Ministry of Housing, Ministry of Local Government, Ministry of Transport, Ministry of Trade and Industry, Universities, Research Institutes, KEPSA, KAM, Professional Associations. Nanotechnology Project The aim of this project is to develop appropriate high strength materials which are low cost, effective and efficient. Nanotechnology allows the manipulation of properties of materials at the molecular or atomic level, giving rise to products with enhanced properties, faster production processes, lower production costs, much smaller manufacturing equipment, cleaner environment or new manufacturing systems. Nanoelectronics are expected to create an impact on the local Electrical &Electronics industry. An example is the production of nanoscale devices for semiconductors. Other novel techniques include production of nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes. When these new methodologies are adopted in production, it will result in devices and systems with new levels of performance. The advantage of nanotechnology is its ability to be applied in diverse industrial use like automobile industry, textile industry, health services among others. The main players in implementing the nanotechnology project include Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Trade and Industry, Universities, Research Institutes, Ministry of Health, Manufacturing sector. Laser Technology Project The projects objective is to develop and promote laser technology for efficient and rapid industrial transformation.

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Laser technology has a wide application in areas of manufacturing, consumer electronics, telecommunications, data communication, surveying and construction, medicine and the military among others. The main players in implementing the laser technology project include Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Trade and Industry, Universities, research institutes, TIVET institutions, Ministry of Health, Manufacturing sector, military, building and construction industry. Metal Processing Technologies Project The histories of the developed and the newly developed economies of the world show that the establishment of material processing industries has, nearly always, had the greatest contribution to the growth of their national wealth. Industrialization has been the direct result of the need for readily available, affordable, adequate and high quality goods and services. Electronic consumer goods, textiles, silverware, industrial machinery, defense machinery, automobiles etc, are examples of end products of certain manufacturing processes. The great demand for these products all over the world is a statement of a large amount of the physical substances used as inputs in their production or manufacturing. In other words, a great demand for semi-processed materials. The aim of this project is to improve technologies for processing materials for the improvement of the appearance properties of the semi-processed material or to produce new materials and to provide the technologies required for expansion and diversification of the metal industry. The project will also expand capacity for training in metal casting including the development of training programmes at the Craft and Artisan levels. This should enable more utilization of metals available in the country including scrap metal, of which much is being exported. The main players in implementing this initiative include MoST, KAM, TIVET institutions, Ministry of Trade and Industry, universities, research institutes, KEPSA, Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources and Ministry of Roads and Public Works. Space Sciences and Technology Initiative The Space project will promote and manage research and development on space technologies and their implications for the nation and will focus on space

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exploration, information and telecommunications technologies and regulation. Under the Project, the Government will support training courses, workshops, seminars and other activities on applications and capacity building in, geo mapping, remote sensing, communications, satellite meteorology, search and rescue, basic space science and satellite navigation and international space law. The Project will specifically address: basic space science, natural resources management & environmental monitoring, satellite communications, space technology and disaster management; establishment of the Centre for Space Science and Technology Education and Satellite Communications - KENSPACE Project The aim of this project will be to enhance the understanding and subsequent use of space technology for peaceful purposes in general, and to improve the use of space science and technology for the economic and social development of the nation in particular. Main players in implementing this initiative include Ministry of information and communication, Ministry of State for Defense, Fisheries, Ministry of Special Programmes, MoST, Universities, research institutes and KEPSA. Climate Change Project The aim of this project will be to develop technologies and capacities to predict, monitor and mitigate impacts of climate change and the appropriate institutional and legal frameworks for implementation of the scientifically rationalized responses. The project will ensure reduced rate of desertification. Specific research areas addressing impact, adaptation and vulnerability to global climate change as well as greenhouse gases mitigation require to be identified and pursued in order to strengthen the national basis to cope with climate change problems in Kenya. Some of the priority areas of research should include health, agricultural and forestry sectors as well as water resources. The main players in implementing the climate change project include Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Health, Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources, Universities, KARI, KEFRI, NEMA, Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries, KEPSA, and KAM, Ministry of Energy, ERC, Kenya Horticultural Council, Ministry of Water. Space Technology and Disaster Management project The main aim of space technology and disaster management project will be to

39

Support development of early warning systems and knowledge based mitigation for natural and technological emergencies. In addition, increased awareness will be undertaken among Kenyans to build the national capacity in order to effectively apply space technology-based solutions to disaster management challenges. The use of space technologies has been proven useful in the risk assessment, mitigation and preparedness phases of disaster management as demonstrated by the recent tsunami disaster in the Indian Ocean. The technologies have a central role to play in providing early warning to communities that are at risk. The project will also address environmental monitoring and natural resources management issues on the platform of space-based solutions through the body KENSIGHT. Remotely sensed data, in particular, provide an unparallel view of the Earth for studies that require synoptic or periodic observations such as inventory, surveying, and monitoring in agriculture, hydrography, geology, mineralogy, land cover, land use and environment. Remote sensing is a rapidly growing technology and is one of the important spin-offs of space applications and space science, having evolved into a discipline working side-by-side with other disciplines such as photogrammetry, cartography, geodetic reference systems, global navigation satellite systems, and geographic information systems. The main players in implementing the Space Technology and Disaster Management project include Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources, Universities, research institutes, NEMA, Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of State for Defense, Meteorological Department, Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries, Ministry of State for Special Programmes, KEPSA, and KAM. Peaceful uses of Nuclear Science and Technology Project The objective of the project will be to facilitate effective utilization of nuclear science and technology in support of Kenyas national development The project will ensure acquisition and development of the requisite human resources, infrastructure, cooperate with regional and international bodies and agencies and funding mechanisms to support initiatives under the project. Priority areas for applications of nuclear sciences span energy development and planning; agriculture and food security; human health; isotope techniques in water management; nuclear instrumentation; radiation safety and waste management; and manufacturing and industry.

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Kenya is obtaining International Atomic Energy Agencys (IAEA) assistance in assessing the countrys uranium and thorium resources for future development of nuclear technology for power energy generation. Kenya will deposit the necessary instruments as regards the safeguards Agreement on nuclear proliferation. Spin offs expected include accelerated use and application of nuclear technology in agriculture and food security, human health both in therapeutic and diagnostic areas in particular radiotherapy, nuclear medicine and communicable diseases, water resources especial in ASAL, manufacturing and industry including isotope production, irradiation facilities, nuclear instrumentation all ably regulated by radiation safety and radioactive waste management infrastructure. Nuclear Commission will be established to spearhead this initiative. The main players include Ministry of Science & Technology, other relevant government ministries, Kenyatta National Hospital, Universities and Research Institutions and other UN organizations like ICRAF, ILRI, ICIPE, ICRISAT, IRRI, FAO and WHO. A National

2.3

Strategic Thrust Two: Development of Highly Skilled Human Resources

The goal is to improve and increase the national pool of skills and talent and integrate it to the job market. Kenyas pool of talent is small and inadequately trained for integration into the job market. Measures will therefore be taken to improve the national pool of skills and talent through training that is relevant to the needs of the economy. The current transition rate from secondary level education to university will be increased and the postgraduate training strengthened, particularly in science and technology.

2.3.1 STRATEGY ONE: INCREASE ST&I PERSONNEL AND IMPROVE ST&I SKILLS
ST&I HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME The programmes objectives will be aimed at identifying, acquiring, developing and retaining world class ST&I human resources in support of development and achievement of national priority targets and supporting overall national development efforts. In addition, it will be aimed at developing key competencies

41

for innovation in identified strategic areas to meet national and industry needs as well as ensuring gender parity in scientific, technological and innovation initiatives. Review of Science, Engineering and Technology (SET) Skills Project This project will; Assess the existing SET skills Determine the requirements of SET skills for the country Draw up a strategy for closing the gap

It will include an assessment of new and emerging industries in advanced manufacturing, nanotechnology and bioinformatics. Strengthening of linkage between industry and institutions of higher learning in areas of curriculum review, industry labour requirements, including incentives attracting and keeping SET skills in industry The project will provide the basis for policy, planning and budgeting for the investment in the improvement of skills and increase the number of ST&I human resource. It shall provide information to support the skills and human resource requirements of new and emerging industries; the development of innovation capabilities and entrepreneurial skills necessary to turn scientific research into commercial products, processes and services; tap the skills, expertise and connections of Kenyans living and working overseas; and attracting talented workers and leading researchers to Kenya. The project will be implemented in collaboration with the Ministry of Labor and Human Resource Development, Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Planning and National Development, Ministry of State for Public Service, Ministry of Education, Universities, CHE, KAM, Kenya National Examination Council (KNEC), FKE, KEPSA. Education, Training and Research project The project will assess trends in supply and demand for ST&I graduates and

identifying successful policy measures for increasing participation, in particular of women, in scientific and technological education and careers; analyzing changes in the mobility of students in science and technology fields, and their implications for policy. This project will focus on science, technology and innovation education and training

42

at all levels and ages. In particular it will use the existing data sources and new statistical approaches on the career paths at all levels of education to make science and technology more appealing and attractive from the early stages of education. It will also promote access and advancement in ST&I by focusing on measures to create an environment to make science, and technology more appealing and attractive from the early stages of education. The project will be implemented in collaboration with the Ministry of Labor and Human Resource Development, Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Planning and National Development, Ministry of State for Public Service, Ministry of Education, Ministry of State for Youth Affairs, Universities, CHE, KAM, FKE, KEPSA

43

ST&I Curriculum Review Project In order to ensure that the education, training and research is grounded in science and technology, a project to support the continuous review of curricula in all levels of education will be implemented in collaboration with the Ministry of Education. The reviews will aim at ensuring that national and industry requirements are met and that a culture of innovation and creativity are nurtured. This project will also aim at promoting education and research in African indigenous knowledge systems within the national education and training system. It will facilitate the integration of indigenous knowledge issues into curriculum and related teaching methodologies. Under this project, there will be regular continuous training needs assessment in every sector, regular reviews of curricula, development of demand driven curricula, and associated training/learning materials. The project will be implemented in collaboration with the Ministry of Labor and Human Resource Development, Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Planning and National Development, Ministry of State for Public Service, Ministry of Education, KIE, Ministry of State for Youth Affairs, Ministry of State for National Heritage, Universities, KEPSA ST&I Capacity Building Project This project aims at developing a scheme of service that attracts and retains qualified and competent ST&I personnel in the civil service. It will also involve the review of staff development policies to promote further training for better service delivery, professional growth, and motivation. The project will also aim at imparting relevant skills to managers of TIVET institutions to prepare resource needs and capacity plans. It will also facilitate preparation of resource requirements proposals for support and procurement based-plans. The project will ensure a pool of qualified personnel for efficient and effective service delivery. The main players will include the Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Labour and Human Resource Development, Ministry of State for Youth Affairs, Ministry of State for Public Service, Universities, KEPSA, KAM TIVET Institutional Capacity for Research & Development Project This project will aim at developing institutional capacity for promotion of research

44

and development in TIVET. It will provide institutions with research equipment in all areas of training and develop staff on research methodology. In addition, the project will provide requisite advisory service and infrastructure for research and development. The project will develop and sustain strong collaborations between industry, government and TIVET institutions in areas of research and development by promoting the creation and activities of professional associations to stimulate professional advancement of institutional and industry personnel. The main players will include the Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Labour and Human Resource Development, Ministry of State for Public Service, Universities, Research Institutions, KEPSA, KAM. Population and Urbanization Project The aim of this project is to support the establishment of an Integrated Population and a national land Management System using ST&I. Specifically the project will support implementation of integrated population registration and management system, development and implementation of nation land information management system and formulation and implementation of strategic development and investment plans for six metropolitan regions. The main players will include the Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Planning and National Development, National Coordinating Agency for Population and development, Central Bureau of Statistics, Ministry of Lands and Settlement, Ministry of Local Government, Ministry of Labour and Human Resource Development, Universities, Research Institutions and KEPSA. Gender, Youth and Vulnerable Groups Project The aim of this project is to increase interest in technology skills among the youth and vulnerable groups and their effective participation in ST&I. The project will Support technology based business incubation and related Business support services for technology based enterprises. The main players will include the Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of State for Youth Affairs, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Labour and Human Resource Development, Ministry of State for Public Service, Ministry of Gender, Sports, Culture and Social Services, Universities, Research Institutions, KEPSA, KAM.

45

The Brain Gain Programme The role of the Diaspora in the development of countries of origin is getting more recognition. The international migration and development debate has increasingly emphasized the important role played by citizens of various countries working in the Diaspora. Consequently some countries have put in place policies, legislation and other measures encourage the participation and contribution of their Diaspora. For example, the Diasporas economic contribution through remittances constitutes large sources of external capital for many countries. Despite remitting close to KShs 70 Billion annually (or 0.46% of GDP) Kenyans in the Diaspora face a lot of constraints that inhibit their effective participation in socioeconomic development of the country. Kenya lacks statutory provisions and institutional framework for attracting the resources of as well of addressing concerns of her nationals in the Diaspora. With regard to S&T, there is need to put in place structures and mechanisms that enable the country to evaluate the scientific and technological potentials of her nationals in the Diaspora. In this regard, a project that involves the development and maintenance of a database on individual competencies in S&T professions would help isolate those to involve on matters of S&T. This project will be initiated with the goal of developing and implementing policies for attracting effective participation and contribution of Kenyan S&T professionals in the Diaspora. The main objective is to develop comprehensive multi-dimensional ST&I strategies for harnessing the Diaspora resources and mainstreaming it to national development. In addition there will be need to; Identify and provide opportunities for participation in national ST&I activities to Kenyans in the Diaspora. Establish necessary mechanisms for ST&I institutions in Kenya to collaborate with those in the Diaspora on national issues of ST&I. The project will attract public-private partnership arrangements with the main players being the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Kenyan Missions abroad, Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Labour and Human Resource Development, Ministry of State for Public Service, organized groups of

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Kenyans abroad, Universities, Research Institutions, KEPSA, KAM.

2.3.2 STRATEGY TWO: ENHANCE TECHNOPRENEURIAL SKILLS AND SUPPORT SERVICES

TECHNOPRENEURSHIP PROGRAMME Commercialization and Technopreneur Skills Project The main aim of this project is to facilitate an increase the number of technologybased enterprises within the Kenyan economy. The objective of this project is to impart commercialization and technopreneur skills to Kenyans to facilitate them in turning domestic and international scientific research into commercial products, processes and services. This project will develop human resources along the innovation value chain relating to technopreneurs, technology licensing officers, and technology business managers amongst others. It will be aimed at closing the human resource gap in terms of skills and competencies related to risk assessment, technology evaluation and business management. Skills of supervisors, technicians and production workers in handling advanced technologies will be enhanced under this project The project will attract public-private partnership arrangements with the main players being the Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Labour and Human Resource Development, Ministry of State for Youth Affairs, Ministry of Trade and Industry, Universities, KIPI, KEPSA and Research Institutes, TIVET institutions. Business Support Project for ST&I Startups The main objective of this project is to identify and support pioneering technopreneurs with business startup capital for commercialization of viable ST&I initiatives. The main players will include the Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Finance, KEPSA, KAM, Research Institutes, Universities, TIVET institutions, KIPI, Ministry of Trade and Industry. ST&I in Wholesale & Retail Trade Project The aim of this project will be to improve efficiency in the supply chain, promote

47

producer based groups and improve the business environment. The project will ensure ST&I enhanced efficiency in wholesale and Retail supply chain through improved process efficiency for MSMEs, skills development in technology based business for MSMEs, facilitation of development, acquision and application of production, processing and market access technologies and skills. In addition, it will ensure provision of technology based business incubation support services and facilitation of development acquision and application of one stop shop technologies and unified taxation system to reduce cost of doing business. The main players will include the Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Finance, KEPSA, KAM, Research Institutes, Universities, TIVET institutions, KIPI, Ministry of Trade and Industry, Jua Kali Association of Kenya, Ministry of Labour and Human Resource Development.

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2.4

Strategic Thrust Three: Intensification of Innovation in Priority Areas

The goal is to intensify innovation in national priority sectors. To intensify innovation, there will be increased funding for basic and applied research at higher institutions of learning and for research and development in collaboration with industries. Furthermore, measures will be taken to coordinate research activities among the various institutions to ensure synergy and to avoid duplication. Proven technical knowledge produced in industries and tertiary institutions, including universities, will be transformed into technologies and protected as intellectual property rights. Indigenous technology, which is part of our national heritage, remains unmapped and has exposed our national heritage to misuse by external interest groups. Measures will be taken to identify and protect this heritage. In order to encourage innovation and scientific endeavors, a system of national recognition will be established to honor innovators.

2.4.1 STRATEGY ONE: INCREASE FUNDING FOR ST&I

ST&I FUNDING PROGRAMME This programme will provide for the development and constant review of guidelines for Government funded ST&I projects and will also focus on public/private funding as well as general financing of ST&I initiatives. The funding sought will be for basic and applied research in recognition of the fact that todays basic research is tomorrows applied technologies; enhancing the role of women and the disadvantaged; technology transfer initiatives, and supporting venture capital funding. Plenary Comments: What are targets on each of these projects from the 50Billion budgetA levy/taxation for research/strategies for fundraising/VAT amount going to ST&I/Discuss possible sources of funding/funds for scholarships/be explicit ST&I Endowment Fund Project The aim of this project is to set up a revolving and sustainable source of income for financing ST&I programmes. It will involve establishment of the Institutional framework as well as development and implementation of resource mobilization strategies including community fundraising, direct contribution by community

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members, savings from income generating activities, constituency development fund, bursary funds and other devolved funds. The primary source of monies for setting up the endowment fund would be treasury who would commit a one-off allocation of billion Kenya shillings; this would then be invested by the Fund Trustees in various ST&I initiatives and will attract public-private partnership arrangements. The project will ensure continuous and sustainable availability of research funds. The main players will include the Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Finance, Research Institutions, Universities, Development Partners, AG, KEPSA and strategic partners The Kenyan National Research Fund Project The project will focus on establishing legal and Institutional frameworks for establishment and operationalization of the Kenya National Research fund. It will also focus on survey on resource requirement for ST&I research and undertake resource mobilization for the fund. The project will ensure existence of a legal mandate to mobilize resources for research. The main players will include the Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Finance, Research Institutions, Universities, AG, KEPSA and strategic partners The Science, Technology and Innovation Infrastructure Fund Project The project is aimed at securing adequate local and international funding in support of national ST&I infrastructure development, upgrading and maintenance. It will involve setting up of the Institutional framework and legal framework for establishing the fund. implemented. The project will ensure continuous availability of funds for ST&I infrastructure. The main players will include the Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Finance, Research Institutions, Universities, AG, KEPSA and strategic partners ST&I infrastructural requirements will be determined. Programmes targeting both local and international support will be established and

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Kenya National Venture Capital Fund Project The aim of the Kenya National Venture Capital Fund is to increase the amount of private investment capital for Kenyan companies in early stage of business development. It aims at securing adequate local and international funding in support of requirements for ST&I venture capital funding. It will be the main engine for driving techno-entrepreneurial growth, job creation and economic prosperity. The requisite legal and Institutional frameworks for establishing the fund will be established. The project will ensure continuous availability of venture capital funds for ST&I development and will attract public-private partnership arrangements. The main players will include the Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Finance, Research Institutions, Universities, AG, KEPSA, venture capitalists and strategic partners Tax Concessions for Research and Development Project The aim of the Tax Concession for Research and Development (R&D) is to improve the international competitiveness of Kenyan companies by increasing investment in R&D, encouraging better use of existing research facilities and giving enterprises greater incentive to acquire and improve technology The main players will include the Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Finance, Research Institutions, Universities, AG, KEPSA, venture capitalists and strategic partners

2.4.2 STRATEGY TWO: IMPROVE COLLABORATIONS AND LINKAGES IN ST&I

COLLABORATION AND PARTNERSHIP PROGRAMME International cooperation in ST&I is increasing in intensity and complexity. This programme will aim at enhancing strategic partnerships in support of ST&I. Strategic ST&I Linkages and Collaboration Project The objective of this project is to enhance the effectiveness and harmonize international science and technology cooperation and collaborations. The project is expected to increase involvement of Kenyan scientists and researchers in

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international ST&I programs and projects, act as a stimulus to attract Kenyan researchers and scientists who study and work in developed countries in the participation of domestic ST&I initiatives; enhance activities in the adoption of advanced foreign technologies and increased foreign aid and support (technology, funding, human resources) in implementing ST&I priorities. To accelerate the adoption of technology innovations that enhances visitors experience or improves business efficiency in the tourism sector. The main players will include the Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Finance, Other relevant Government Ministries Research Institutions, Universities, AG, KEPSA and strategic partners.

2.4.3 STRATEGY THREE: IMPROVE KNOWLEDGE TRANSFORMATION AND STRENGTHEN THE IPR REGIME
KNOWLEDGE TRANSFORMATION AND IPR PROGRAMME This programme aims at providing an enabling environment for the management and commercialization of intellectual property. The programme will protect and encourage patenting of new innovations and will attract public-private partnership arrangements. The objective of the programme is to support improvement of the system of protecting and utilizing the intellectual property rights. This programme will establish an information database of government-financed R&D results. It will also support and stimulate the activities related to commercialization and popularization of research results. This programme will also periodically investigate and assess the ability of IPR regimes to foster domestic innovation, acquisition of appropriate foreign technologies and supporting SME utilization of technology and will propose supportive policy measures The expected outcomes of the programme will be the provision of an increased opportunity for research organizations and researchers to benefit from their academic work as the result of improved intellectual property utilization and protection; the establishment of information database on R&D results; consequently and consequently increased opportunity to utilize and commercialize these results;

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and an increase in the number of property rights agreements of R&D results. The main players will include the Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Trade and Industry, KIPI, Other relevant Government Ministries, Research Institutions, Universities, AG, KEPSA, KAM and strategic partners Assessment of the Impact of IPR n National Innovation System Project

The aim of this project is to assess and investigate the ability of technology markets to disseminate patented inventions and identifying effective policy measures to strengthen innovation capabilities., notably as regards SMEs; Examine exemptions for research use of patented inventions and assessing their effect on the conduct of scientific research. The main players will include the Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Trade and Industry, KIPI, Other relevant Government Ministries, Research Institutions, Universities, AG, KEPSA, KAM and strategic partners

2.4.4 STRATEGY FOUR: MAP AND PROTECT INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE AND TECHNOLOGY
INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE AND RESOURCES PROGRAMME The objective of this programme will be to tap into the rich scientific and technological viability that indigenous resources hold. Awareness of the value of indigenous knowledge - particularly its potential contribution to sustainable development; is also growing at a time when such knowledge is being threatened as never before. Commercialization of Indigenous Resources and Knowledge Project This project aims at enhancing exploitation and commercialization of indigenous resources and knowledge. This will result in increased economic growth, employment creation, increased variety in terms of products and services and will attract public-private partnership arrangements. The main players will include the Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Trade and Industry, Ministry of Home Affairs and National Heritage, Ministry of Tourism and Wildlife, Ministry of Gender, Sports, Culture and Social Services,

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Research Institutions, KIPI, NMK, KAM, Universities and Strategic partners. Indigenous Knowledge and Technologies Documentation project This project will aim at establishing a Kenyan Indigenous Knowledge and Technologies Databank. It will also establish an Indigenous knowledge and technologies on-line facility aimed at actively acquiring and disseminating Kenyas tangible and intangible indigenous knowledge and technology It will allow citizens to have easier access to information. It will also be the main source of information on the various forms of knowledge and technologies held and used by traditional and/or local Kenyan communities. The main players will include the Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Trade and Industry, KIPI, Ministry of Gender, Sports, Culture and Social Services, Ministry of Health, Other relevant Government Ministries, Research Institutions, Universities, AG, KEPSA, NMK, KAM, and strategic partners.

2.4.5 STRATEGY FIVE: SYSTEM

NATIONAL ST&I REWARD AND RECOGNITION

NATIONAL INNOVATION RECOGNITION PROGRAMME ST&I Awards Project The project goal will be to identify, recognize and award outstanding ST&I initiatives in order to create a culture of a country that appreciates and promotes its researchers, scientists, engineers and innovators. The project will reward outstanding (eminent) Kenyan researchers, technopreneurs and policy makers in the identified national priority areas. The outputs of this project include: Distinguished Women Scientists Award Project These awards are aimed at recognizing and enhancing the role of Kenyan women researchers and scientists, technopreneurs, engineers, and innovators in ST&I. In Kenya, women play and continue to play significant, but often unrecognized roles in the national development processes. In this regard, various biannual awards to celebrate Women in the Kenyan Science, Technology and Innovation Milieu are proposed, namely Distinguished Women Scientists Awards and Women

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Scientists Fellowships. Young Scientists Awards and Prizes Project In Kenya, the youth constitute the largest and fastest growing component of the population. They are also the bedrock upon which the countries future success will be built and sustained. Young Scientists and Students Awards are aimed at attracting and retaining the youth, both men and women, at all levels of education and training into the wide science, technology and innovation field. Distinguished Technologist Award Project These awards are aimed at recognizing the role of technologists the award will also recognize contributions to innovation and scientific development by lower cadre individuals. Technopreneurs Awards Project The award will recognize innovation and scientific development by entrepreneurs individuals and firms - in the application of science, technology and innovation, including the commercialization of Kenyan science, technology and innovation. This will encourage innovations and entrepreneurship in ST&I. The main players will include the Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Trade and Industry, Ministry of Finance, KIPI, Other relevant Government Ministries, Research Institutions, Universities, KEPSA and strategic partners. The national innovation recognition programme will attract public-private partnership arrangements.

2.4.6 STRATEGY SIX: QUALITY ASSURANCE AND STANDARDS

QUALITY ASSURANCE AND STANDARDS PROGRAMME Quality Assurance and Standards Project The project aims at promoting quality assurance and standards in ST&I activities by ensuring high quality and relevance of products and services required for industrial transformation and growth. It will target strengthening the national metrology, standards, testing and quality system. This will result in better products and services within the ST&I sector and increased competitiveness. In addition it will ensure a reliable TIVET system for quality skills for social and economic growth of the nation.

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The main players in implementing the project will include the Ministry of Science and Technology, KeBS, Ministry of Trade and Industry, Ministry of Labour, KIPI, Other relevant Government Ministries, Research Institutions, TIVET Authority, CHE, Universities, KEPSA, KAM and strategic partners. Entrenchment of International Business Standards Project Greater global competition and growing awareness of social responsibility have led to the formulation of international business standards, which influence workplace practices. Examples are the application of ISO 9000 (Quality Management Systems), ISO 14001 (Environment Management Systems), Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems, ISO 22000 (Food Safety Management Systems) among others. These standards represent international consensus on business practices on quality management, environmental management, occupational health and food safety management. The aim of this project is to increase efficiency in the management of public affairs, adopting international business models in public service delivery. The main players in implementing the project will include the Ministry of Science and Technology, KeBS, Ministry of Trade and Industry, Ministry of Labour, KIPI, Other relevant Government Ministries, professional associations, Research Institutions, TIVET Authority, CHE, Universities, KEPSA, KAM and strategic partners.

2.5

Strategic Thrust Four: Science, Technology and Innovation Awareness

The goal is to create and promote a national culture on ST&I. In view of the importance of STI in society, efforts will be made to promote awareness of new ideas and discoveries to the general public.

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2.5.1 STRATEGY ONE: ENHANCING THE LEVEL AND DEPTH OF PUBLIC AWARENESS OF ST&I TO FACILITATE SUPPORT FOR THE SECTOR AND UTILIZATION OF ITS OUTPUTS
ST&I PUBLIC COMMUNICATION AND ADVOCACY PROGRAMME Deliberate programme on ST&I advocacy/budgets for advocacy (communication) should be included in research undertakings. Information is a crucial component and a powerful means of achieving development goals. Given the identified critical role for science, technology and innovation, it will be important that ST&I matters receive due attention in communication and advocacy. It enables promotion of closer interaction between the natural sciences and technology, social sciences, humanities. Public Awareness Project The project aim is to enhance public awareness of the importance of science, technology and innovation in everyday life, disseminate and popularize scientific knowledge, and promote a closer interaction between the natural sciences and technology, social sciences, humanities. This project will also popularize ST&I and TIVET through advocacy for positive TIVET image. Guidelines for more attractive methods of training will be developed and implemented. Sensitization programmes for the public, professional associations, parliamentarians, policy makers, schools, provincial administrators etc. will be formulated and implemented. The project will establish and maintain partnerships with the media to market TIVET programmes. Admission on guidelines that recognize achievement in technology education will be developed. The project will help Kenyans to understand and appreciate ST&I issues, media, researchers, research Institutions as well as industry must be capable of communicating and engaging in debate on scientific issues in a comprehensive and professional manner. The main players will include the Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Information and Communication, Ministry of Trade and Industry, KIPI, Other relevant Government Ministries, Research Institutions, Media organizations, Universities, NMK, KEPSA and strategic partners, NGOs and CBOs

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Round Table Series on, Science, Technology and Innovation Project This project will aim at a series of bi-annual roundtables bringing together participants from across the country, region and internationally drawn from governments, parliaments, academia, media and international organizations. The project will ensure discussion on the present and future issues, problems and challenges concerning science and technology legislation, exchange information in science, technology and innovation; examine the process of decision-making on issues of science legislation and the role of various stakeholders; and make futureoriented recommendations to key stakeholders including governments, private sector and international organizations; The main players will include the Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Information and Communication, Ministry of Trade and Industry, KIPI, Other relevant Government Ministries, Research Institutions, Media organizations, Universities, KEPSA and strategic partners, NGOs and CBOs ST & I and Community Outreach Project Encouraging students to recognize the possibilities in science and research, ensuring affordable, accessible post-secondary learning opportunities in established and emerging fields of study, and helping Kenyas small and medium-sized science, technology communities enterprises and communities to compete in world markets provides tangible returns such as developing a skilled workforce; building prosperous companies in diverse sectors and creating vibrant communities. Outreach efforts help them dream the big dreams, inspire new ideas, and help people see that Kenya is the place to make those ideas become reality. That is what makes ST&I outreach absolutely critical to our future prosperity. The project aims at providing a wide range of ST & I services to Kenyans partnership with the NGO, CBO and Industry sector. It will also strengthen the ST&I skills and to enhance the early numeracy and creativity of pre-school children, and to enhance community-based partnerships that support the development of ST&I skills of families. The programme includes initiatives to raise awareness about the importance of ST&I literacy for increasing food security and household incomes The project will ensure up scaling community ST&I technological capacities and in

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address community ST&I issues, as well as other lifelong learning opportunities. The Project will provide opportunities for adults to take part-time learning opportunities through Community Based organizations and volunteer tutors The main players in the project include Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Local Authorities and the Ministry of Gender, Sports, Culture and Social services, Universities, NGOs and CBOs and Research Institutions. ST&I ETHICS AND VALUES PROGRAMME National Code of Ethics & Values in Science, Technology and Innovation Project This project will be aimed at promoting ethical code of conducts in ST&I and developing various national codes of ethics to govern and institutionalize ethical behavior in the application of science, technology and innovation for national development. These codes will guide all research, science, engineering and technology Institutes and agencies establish procedures for investigating and judging infringement on defined codes of ethics and values, under the general purview of the codes. Under this project, an Office for Regulation of Ethics and Values in Science, Technology and Innovation (National Research and Surveillance Council) will be created. The main players will include the Ministry of Science and Technology, AG, Ministry of Trade and Industry, KIPI, Ministry of Health, Other relevant Government Ministries, Research Institutions, National Research and Surveillance Council, Universities, KEPSA and strategic partners, professional associations, NGOs and CBOs.

2.6

Strategic Thrust Five: Strengthening the Science, Technology and Innovation Performance Management Framework

2.6.1 STRATEGY ONE: FACILITATE TARGETED PERFORMANCE FOR EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF ST&I INTERVENTIONS
ST&I PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT PROGRAMME The goal is to develop quantifiable targets and tools to measure the implementation

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and performance of this plan in achieving the Vision 2030 goals.

Investments

required for effective science, technology and innovation policy demand a constant review of outputs and outcomes through a performance management framework. Strengthening the Evaluation of Public Research Organizations, Support Programmes, and the Medium Term Plan This project will develop and support mechanisms for identifying and sharing good practice approaches to the development of improved methodologies for the assessment of economic and societal impacts of ST&I. It will also address the question of identifying best practices in S&T policies to respond to the challenges and opportunities of increased globalization. In this project, a Comprehensive Web Based Performance Management System will also be developed to provide a more robust mechanism for translating the overall strategic priorities for the science base into specific aims and objectives for the various implementing agencies of this policy. The project will provide data and information for improvement on future implementation of the medium term plan. The main players will be ST&I Medium Term Plan sector team Performance Framework for Public Science, Engineering and Technology Institutions project Kenyas public science, engineering and technology Institutions are performing below par. The Governments ambition is to foster a strong, vibrant research base which attracts both talented individuals and corporate investment into the Kenya and supplies trained personnel and knowledge for the economy. Besides, the government will increase the rate of knowledge transfer and level of interaction with business, with explicit targets to grow their proportion of collaborative research. The project is intended to secure continued growth of centers of excellence in Science, technology and Innovation through the provision of adequate facilities, upgrading of technology and competent human resource. It will enable development of a wider and systematic approach towards improving productivity and rationalizing the involvement and cooperation of their employees; and enable employees to obtain a fair share of the gains arising from productivity growth and performance improvements.

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The main players will be ST&I Medium Term Plan sector team and the various Research institutions. Research, Science and Engineering Indicators Almanac project This project is expected to provide data in respect of basic and secondary education; higher education in science and engineering; Kenyas science and engineering labour force; research and development: funds and technology linkages; academic research and development; industry, technology, and the global marketplace; science and technology: public attitudes and understanding as well as other indicators. This project on Research, Science and Engineering Indicators (RSEI) will be aimed at producing high quality quantitative data on the Kenyas research, science and engineering enterprise. It is expected to provide factual and policy neutral data. The main players will be ST&I Medium Term Plan sector team

2.7

Coordination with Ongoing ST&I Projects

There are a number of ST&I sector on-going projects that will be addressed and build upon in the implementation of the ST&I flagship programmes. Some of these projects include the Pilot NEPAD African ST&I Indicators Initiative, operation of the National Advisory Committee on Biotechnology Advances and Applications, ST&I collaborations and linkages (national and international), the Research Endowment Fund, TIVET reforms that include establishment of National Training Strategy, establishment of ST&I and TE centres of excellence, establishment of model Youth Polytechnics, review of upgrading of national polytechnics to offer technology degrees, integration of ICT into industrial and technical training programmes and development of a TIVET National Qualification Framework. Other on-going projects to be build upon include review and rationalization of the National Industrial Attachment Policy, review and modularization of TEP curriculum, establishment and operationalization of a national research database and dissemination of research results and findings.

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OTHER PROGRAMMES

Matching Industry- Human Resources Requirements Project Competition arising out of globalization, together with technological advancements, intensifies the demand for a more highly skilled workforce. Education and knowledge will be a major determinant of competitiveness at the national, organizational and individual levels. There is a need for a high degree of coordination between industry, and educational and training institutions, to address the mismatch between the output from these institutions and industry requirements. This project will establish a more effective mechanism to monitor human resource trends and match industry requirements. Mainstreaming Gender in Science, Technology and Innovation Project Gender discrimination practices truly limit the ability of the country to grow and reduce poverty. Differences between girls and boys in performance at school are more linked to home and school environments than dependent on innate differences. This project aims at spurring action in national scientific and academic communities towards increasing womens participation in S&T careers, collecting sexdisaggregated data, conducting rigorous research and building public awareness of gender issues in ST&I. It will ensure equitable sharing of resources and development opportunities between genders and integrate women into all sectors of development, in accordance with their capabilities and needs. The project will improve the percentage of women in ST&I, taking into consideration that there is a greater number of females, compared with males, enrolled in secondary and tertiary educational institutions. The project will work towards more investments in attracting and sustaining females in the ST&I field through creating a more conducive and flexible work environment for the employment, as well as reemployment, of competent and skilled women. Mainstreaming Physically Challenged Persons in ST&I There is a need to increase the participation of persons with disabilities in science, technology and innovation activities. It is estimated that about 1 per cent, of Kenyas population comprises persons with disabilities. The project will establish affirmative action to provide greater opportunities for the utilization of the ST&I capabilities and

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the talents of the persons with disabilities and also create a conducive and supportive environment which can accommodate such individuals.

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KEY ENABLING SECTORS FOR SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION

4.1

Introduction

The role of key enabling sectors will be to facilitate the science, technology and innovation sector realize its objectives of; Strengthened technical capabilities and capacities in assimilating ST&I knowledge to increase competitiveness, creating better production processes, with strong emphasis on technological learning and enhancing the capacities of STI institutions in training of personnel, provision of improved infrastructure, equipment and strengthening linkages with actors in the productive sectors. Adequate availability of skilled ST&I human resource that is aligned to the job market and capable of driving the Kenyan economy into higher value-added activities. Intensified innovativeness for better globally competitive products and services in the national priority growth sectors identified in Vision 2030. Promotion of awareness on new ideas and discoveries to the general public and support to initiatives to develop ST&I solutions to address current and future development problems; and Strengthening the ST&I Performance Management Framework

4.2

Science, Technology and Innovation Key Enabling Sectors Role

The ST&I sector has identified the following sectors as critical in the realization of the sector medium term plan 2008-2012 objectives

4.2.1 INFRASTRUCTURE SECTOR

Infrastructure is a necessary prerequisite for effective utilization of science, technology and innovation. Lessons from global experience suggest that infrastructure development provides an important lever through which a nation can

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enhance its level of scientific and technological application and development. In this regard, the infrastructure sector will be a key enabler in physical and service infrastructure development and management to support production, distribution and consumption in value chain, efficient and cost-effective physical, service and natural infrastructure planning, development and management to enhance labour mobility and interaction and in other infrastructure policies and reforms critical to attainment of ST&I development by aligning the same with the ST&I strategy and policy.

4.2.2 EDUCATION SECTOR

Education and training ensures the supply of adequate and competent human resource necessary for ST&I development. In this regard, the sector will be a key enabler in supporting in establishing Centres of Excellence, curriculum review to articulate ST&I needs, creating and supply of a critical mass of human resource in technical, SET skills and numeracy skills, prioritize research and knowledge generation in higher education in ST&I, technopreneurship training curriculum development, support to TIVET curriculum review and implementation as well as TIVET structure and qualifications framework, support to co-curriculum ST&I related activities, provision of quality ST&I infrastructure at all levels of education institutions, enabling access to and equitable education training opportunities in ST&I, The sector will also be important in reinforcing the national capability to make science and technology more appealing and attractive from the early stages of education and in implementation of specific ST&I human resource development initiatives such as science fellowships, research training at university level, adequate supply of modern ST&I equipment and materials in all the sectors teaching and training institutions, and other policy and educational reforms critical to attainment of ST&I development.

4.2.3 LABOUR AND EMPLOYMENT SECTOR

Labour and employment ensures absorption and utilization of human resource. In this regard, the sector will be a key enabler in absorption of skilled ST&I personnel, continuous skills upgrading within employment, generation, management and application of ST&I knowledge within and without industry, assist in ST&I human reources planning, undertake and facilitate on-the-job training for ST&I personnel,

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promote technoprenuership training in firm settings, review human capital needs and enabling legislative environment, adoption of performance-based compensation system, enhancing institutional capacities for HR management, planning and development, strengthen collaboration in ST&I HRD among industry, public sector organizations and academia, create competitive employment environment to attract and retain skilled manpower and align the sector policy with the ST&I policy and strategy

4.2.4 TOURISM SECTOR

The Tourism sector is a key enabler in the attainment of the ST&I MTP objectives. The sector will enable the sector in investing, diversify and accelerating adoption of technological application in niche areas, prioritization and support of research in niche areas, encourage and support technoprenuership and commercialization of research in the sector, establish strategic partnerships and collaborations, integration into the NIS and pursuit of knowledge transformation and use of IPRs. The sector will also enable the ST&I sector by aligning its policy with the ST&I national policy and strategy

4.2.5 AGRICULTURE SECTOR

The ST&I sector has prioritized a number of agricultural initiatives as requisite to attain accelerated adoption, adaptation and utilization of ST&I to foster Kenyas global competitiveness and innovativeness in agricultural production and processing. The agricultural sector will be key in enabling the ST&I sector in adoption of value addition productivity and competitiveness enhancing technologies, investing, diversify and accelerating adoption of technological application in niche areas, prioritization and support research in niche areas, encouraging and supporting technoprenuership and commercialization of agricultural research, establishing strategic partnerships and collaborations, integration into the National Innovation System, encouraging and pursuing knowledge transformation and IPRs. The sector will also enable the ST&I sector by aligning its policy with the ST&I national policy and strategy

4.2.6 SOCIAL EQUITY AND POVERTY REDUCTION SECTOR

The social sector will play a significant role in empowering communities access ST&I

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. The sector will, among other things encourage the outsourcing of non-core and labour-intensive activities to potentially productive groups, including persons with disabilities and the vulnerable and in prioritising and enabling investment of devolved funds in ST&I investments. The sector will also enable the ST&I sector by aligning its policy with the ST&I national policy and strategy

4.2.7 MACRO-ECONOMIC FRAMEWORK SECTOR

The macro-economic framework will enable the ST&I sector in enabling fiscal and monetary incentives for the support of ST&I initiatives, providing fiscal and financial incentives for the support of technoprenuership and commercialization initiatives. The sector will also enable the ST&I sector by aligning its policy with the ST&I national policy and strategy

4.2.8 MANUFACTURING SECTOR SECTOR

The ST&I sector has prioritized a number manufacturing initiatives as requisite to attain accelerated adoption, adaptation and utilization of ST&I to foster Kenyas global competitiveness and innovativeness. The manufacturing sector will in this regard be a key enabler of the sector in participating effectively in collaboration in R&D in technology assessment and niche areas, technological learning engagement, generation, diffusion and adoption of value addition productivity and competitiveness enhancing technologies, technopreneurship engagements, support in establishing ST&I parks and industrial incubators, support in provision of targeted ST&I infrastructure, entrepreneural attachment opportunities, flexibility for industry practitioners-in-residence programmes, support higher education training in specialized ST&I fields, collaborative research with higher education training institutions, participate in ST&I and TIVET curriculum review, flexibility in accomodating and tapping from brain gain, collaborations and linkages in training of manpower, investing, diversify and accelerate adoption of technological application in niche areas, prioritize and support research in niche areas, encourage and support technoprenuership and commercialization of research findings, integration into the National Innovation System and encourage sector stakeholders to support and pursue knowledge transformation initiatives and IPRs.

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4.2.9 GOVERNANCE, SECURITY AND RULE OF LAW SECTOR

The sector will enable the ST&I sector in enhancing institutional capacities for HR management, planning and development, formulate and adopt performance-based compensation and reward system, review public sector human capital needs and enabling legislative environment, create competitive employment environment in public service to attract and retain skilled manpower, enhance institutional capacities and capabilities for ST&I management, planning and development, formulate and adopt performance-based management , review public sector human capital needs and enabling legislative environment, create a competitive employment environment in public service to attract and retain skilled manpower, create and sustain conducive environment and democratic procedures for workers to realize their full potential, facilitate involvement of Kenyans in national governance and public policy making, create and support an efficient public service, create and sustain conducive environment for enterprenuership and IPR regimes as well as special security for critical ST&I infrastructure and installation, create and sustain open and transparent communication channels in the management of public affairs, fast track review, enactment and enforcement of enabling ST&I legal, institutional and policy framework, communicate effectively on public policy on ST&I. The sector will also enable the ST&I sector by aligning its policy with the ST&I national policy and strategy.

4.2.10 WHOLESALE & RETAIL SECTOR

The wholesale and retail sector is also critical in enabling the ST&I sector realize its goals. The sector will enable the ST&I sector realize it objectives by being predisposed to acquire and exploit technology, increasing uptake of technologies, utilization of IPRs and standards and alignment of policies relating to wholesale and retail with the ST&I strategy and policy

4.2.11 INFORMATION COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) SECTOR

The ICT sector will be key in realizing the programme goals of ST&I. The sector will play an important role in stimulating and supporting ST&I initiatives, simplifying ST&I information search and registration procedures, Narrowing the digital divide and enable and empower communities gain access to scientific and technological

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opportunities. In this regard, the ICT sector will assist the ST&I sector communicate and disseminate information on research, in promotion and awareness creation of ST&I, enable and support virtual learning, facilitate development and growth of a robust ICT and infrastructure to stimulate and support ST&I. The sector will also enable the ST&I sector by ST&I strategy and policy.

4.2.12 FINANCIAL SERVICES SECTOR

The financial sector will be a key enabler in ST&I sector in investing, diversify and accelerating adoption of technological application in niche areas, prioritization and support research in niche financial areas, encouraging and supporting technoprenuership and commercialization of research in finance, establish strategic partnerships and collaborations, integration into the National Innovation System, encourage and pursue knowledge transformation and IPRs, and align financial services sector with the ST&I strategy and policy

4.2.13 POPULATION AND URBANIZATION SECTOR

Population growth is an asset for a growth oriented nation. Population and urbanization are two key facilitators of integration of ST&I into growth and development. Towards this end, the sector will invest in ST&I infrastructure, including provision of spatial considerations that will permit effective and costefficient mechanisms of mobility and land use that will enable ST&I applications and innovation to flourish. The alignment of population and urbanization policies with the ST&I strategy and policy will also be key in enabling the sector.

4.2.14 HEALTH SECTOR

Health is an enabler in determining labour productivity. The health sector will enable the ST&I sector realize its objectives by supporting research in niche and neglected areas, provision and establishment of quality health infrastructure, technological application in the health service delivery, in supporting the sector in integrating herbal and indigenous health concerns and in formulating and implementing a codes of conduct in health research and technologies. The sector will also contribute to enabling the ST&I sector through relevant national and international strategic ST&I partnerships and collaboration in the health sector as well as aligning heath policies with the ST&I strategy and policy.

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4.2.15 ENVIRONMENT, WATER AND SANITATION SECTOR

Provision of a clean, secure and safe environment is critical for development of the ST&I sector. Water and sanitation plays a significant role in permitting establishment of ST&I infrastructure. The sector will however mainly support the ST&I sector through aligning its policies with the ST&I national strategy and policy.

4.2.16 GENDER, YOUTH AND VULNERABLE GROUPS SECTOR

The sector will enable ST&I sector through creating employment and preparing young people in taking up technology-based enterprises, invest, diversify and accelerate adoption of technological application in training institutions run and managed by the gender and youth ministries, contributing to affirmative action for women in science and technology and encouraging pursuit of knowledge transformation and IPRs as well as aligning heath policies with the ST&I strategy and policy.

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5.

STRENGTHENING

THE

K E N YA

N AT I O N A L I N N O VAT I O N S Y S T E M , 2 0 0 8 - 2 0 1 2
5.1 Introduction

The current slow progress in the transition of our economy into a knowledge-based economy, is directly associated with the predominantly linear innovation system that does not effectively serve critical national needs. Although Kenya has had successes in various fields of research, particularly in medical and agricultural research, these achievements have been based on isolated individual efforts leading to limited socioeconomic impact. The national innovation will therefore be reorganized to ensure that its subsystems comprising education and research, the business, knowledge intermediaries, ST&I infrastructure and, the framework conditions in which the subsystems interact dynamically and responds to national needs. This system (see fig 4) will ensure coherence and integration of national ST&I system components to support the achievement of the Kenya Vision 2030 goals by: Facilitating the development and application of knowledge intensive technologies Developing innovative and creative human resource and enhancing innovation activities through constant upgrade of technologies Provide stimulus for investments in new knowledge and advanced technologies; Increasing the public understanding and Government support for creating an enabling environment, enforcing intellectual property rights, improving the system of education and research Increasing the awareness of need for technology among stakeholders of economy;

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5.2. Proposed policy, legal, regulatory and institutional reforms

According to the Science, Technology and Innovation Policy and Strategy, the following reforms were identified as appropriate for the ST&I sector:

5.2.1 STRATEGIC POLICY OBJECTIVE 1

To develop a coherent and focused legal, institutional and regulatory framework to support the growth, development and utilization of science, technology and innovation.

5.2.2 STRATEGIES TO IMPLEMENT POLICY

Provide for continuous review of policies impacting on mainstreaming of ST&I in all sectors of the economy. Establish an enabling legal and regulatory framework to support the growth, application and utilization of ST&I. Promote institutional re-engineering geared towards providing a governance framework to support autonomy, coordination, partnership-based application of ST&I to address Kenyas development challenges. Facilitate involvement of scientists and technologists in national governance and public policy making Review staffing and leadership of ST&I institutions with a view to promoting progressive gender parity in national ST&I initiatives Provide for the examination of and advice on ethical issues regarding research activities.

5.2.3 STRATEGIC POLICY OBJECTIVE 2

To integrate ST&I into all sectors of the economy

5.2.4 STRATEGIES TO IMPLEMENT POLICY

Establish structures in the education system to promote the advancement and use of ST&I in all productive sectors of the economy. Strengthen the role of ST&I players in Policy formulation, planning and budgetary processes

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Establish ST&I units in ministries and departments to act as champions for advancement of ST&I initiatives. Promote innovation in commercial and manufacturing enterprises

5.2.5 STRATEGIC POLICY OBJECTIVE 3

To promote the empowerment, equal and full participation of women, youth and disadvantaged persons in all ST&I activities

5.2.6 STRATEGIES TO IMPLEMENT POLICY

Develop and mainstream a policy framework to entrench and address gender parity in the ST&I sector

5.2.7 STRATEGIC POLICY OBJECTIVE 4

Facilitate acceleration of the accomplishment of national strategic and security related objectives, by using the latest advances in science, technology and innovation.

5.2.8 STRATEGIES TO IMPLEMENT POLICY

National Innovation System Reforms

Adoption of the national system of innovation as the basic institutional framework for articulating Kenyas Science, Technology and Innovation Policy Framework, as illustrated in Figure 2 is important for the following reasons: affords an opportunity for articulation of means of promoting coherence and integration among national activities, two factors that have been sorely neglected in the Kenyan STI system of the past. offers a means of identifying what needs to be done without automatically tying necessary functions to any particular institution or organization, currently in place. focuses attention on innovation in doing new things in new ways rather than simply on the production of knowledge alone. This new Kenya National Innovation System (KNIS) aims at ensuring that there is greater harmony in ST&I policy prioritization coupled with a coherent implementation of identified priority ST&I programmes and projects. The

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institutions created are classified as policy, regulatory and implementation institutions.

FIGURE 2: PROPOSED INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MEDIUM TERM PLAN

FOR

Establishing and Strengthening of Policy Institutions

The new KNIS Policy institutions will be focused around the ministry responsible for science, technology and innovation. These will include the Presidential Advisory Commission on Science, Technology and Innovation (PACSTI). PACSTI will be drawn from members of the National Economic and Social Council (NESC). A Parliamentary Office for Science, Technology and Innovation (POSTI) will be set

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up to ensure that the legislative arm of government is fully appraised of the need to prioritize ST&I Policy together with the accompanying legislation. This will also ensure that there is better liaison between the legislative and executive arms of government to ensure that law making rapidly responds to ST&I policy needs in a rapidly changing environment. Further, it is expected that this office will spearhead the effort to ensure that lawmakers make laws that support Kenyas national strategic interests. The Ministry of Science and Technology (MoST) will be reorganized to ensure it acquires the necessary capacity and capability to review, formulate and spearhead ST&I policy and strategy. In this regard, the National Council for Science and Technology (NCST) will be reorganized into a revamped and reinvigorated National Commission for Science, Technology and Innovation (NACSTI). NACSTI will be fully involved in policy development, identification of priorities and mobilization of resources for ST&I. They will be the main agent through which the MoST will implement the strengthened ST&I performance management framework. A key component of this effort will be to ensure that there is alignment between the countrys ST&I goals and the operational plans of the various ministries and agencies. This will be pursued through active Interagency Councils, whose main agenda will be the development of Sectoral Science, Technology and Innovation Plans and see to their implementation. The NACSTI will have a board comprising public and private sector to oversee its operations.

Establishing and Strengthening of Regulatory Institutions

A number of regulatory agencies and mechanisms will be set-up or strengthened to ensure that ST&I activities in the country are carried out within acceptable ethical and social parameters. In this regard, a Research Approval & Surveillance Council (RASC) will be set up under the MoST to ensure that research approvals are rapidly undertaken and that surveillance is strengthened.

Establishing and Strengthening Implementing Institutions

Sectoral policies and implementing institutions will be reviewed to focus on key growth areas as identified and also to facilitate them to operate within a national system while providing them with necessary autonomy to accomplish their sectoral mandates.

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A Kenya National Technology Acquisition Office (KENTAO) will be set up and will be domiciled within the MoST. The functions of KENTAO will be to spearhead the countrys technology search and acquisition effort in support of all sectors of the economy. Kenyas R&D functions will continue to be performed by Public and Private Universities, and designated Research Institutes. In addition to these, an organized effort will be made to encourage Firms to invest in R&D through a variety of measures and mechanisms. Kenya will actively build international centers of excellence in national strategic priority areas. It will actively pursue establishment international research facilities to strengthen its ST&I capacity and capability. Where this is not possible linkages and affiliations with regional and international centers will be pursued.

Establishing Sustainable Funding ST&I

In recognition of the funding challenge for ST&I activities, a variety of measures have been incorporated in the proposed KNIS. First, the Kenya National Research Foundation (KENREF) will be set up. KENREF will operate a National Innovation Fund as well as a Venture Capital Fund. In addition to this, this policy and strategy document has signaled the Governments commitment to increasing ST&I funding by adopting fiscal and other measures to mitigate the risks involved in strategic ST&I activity. These mechanisms and measures will be reviewed from time to time to ensure that they actually contribute to the achievement of national strategic targets. The new Kenya National Innovation System (KNIS) aims at ensuring that there is greater harmony in ST&I policy prioritization coupled with a coherent implementation of identified priority ST&I programmes and projects by disengaging policy issues with implementation. In this regard, policy institutions will be focused around the ministry responsible for science, technology and innovation. These will include the establishment of a Presidential Advisory Commission on Science, Technology and Innovation (PACSTI). PACSTI will be drawn from members of the National Economic and Social Council (NESC). A Parliamentary Office for Science, Technology and Innovation (POSTI) will also be set up to ensure that the legislative arm of government is fully appraised of the need to prioritize ST&I Policy together with the accompanying legislation. The institutions that will be involved in the implementation, monitoring and

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evaluation of ST&I activities will include a reorganized Ministry of Science and Technology and by extension the National Council for Science and Technology (NCST) whose role will be in monitoring and evaluation. Other institutions to implement the 2008-2012 ST&I sector medium term plan are regulatory Institutions and implementing institutions at sectoral level. An effective, expeditious, transparent and performance management framework linking programme outcomes to long-term impacts of this plan be established as well as an effective M&E framework will be designed and applied. The Monitoring and Evaluation team will monitor and evaluate the inputs, activities and outputs to ensure that the strategic thrusts are delivered in accordance with the implementation plan.

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6.0. IMPLEMENTATION FRAMEWORK OF THE MEDIUM TERM PLAN

6.1. Implementation, Monitoring and Evaluation The Kenya ST&I Sector Medium Term Plan 2008-2012 will be implemented through the action plan coordinated within the context of Vision 2030 economic, social and political pillars medium-term objectives, and based on the targeted programs of sectoral areas and the capacities of the national R&D and innovation system with the overall aim of responding to the needs of activating innovation, ensuring the competitiveness of national industries in the international technology market, The role, responsibility, and leadership of the Government will be crucial in the implementation of the Medium Term Plan. The Government will assume the belowmentioned duties in undertaking the MTP: to be consistent in implementing the objectives and tasks, defined by the plan; to create a favorable policy and legal environment needed for its performance and provide funding support; To secure the funding to bridge the resource gaps required for the implementation of the Plan development partners to ensure the coordination of the activities of Ministries in order to implement the plan and to create a unified management and organization arrangements at national and local levels; to ensure the participation of domestic and international actors in the execution of the plan; Implementing sectors will organize activities related to development, from international resources within the framework of the national policy for coordinating support of Kenyas

implementation of policies on the ST&I reforms required for each specific sector, related tasks and activities in particular: enhance the ST&I and innovation capacity of the relevant sector Implement ST&I programs and projects within the sector Evaluate, assess and review the performance of the programmes.

The Ministry of Science and Technology will be the coordinating body in implementing the targeted programs. In the strategic framework of implementing

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the Medium Term Plan, MoST will assume the duties mentioned below: to provide standardized methodological administration of the Medium Term Plan implementation, to coordinate and analyze the implementation, and submit to the Government consolidated reports of the implementation progress and evaluation/monitoring every two years; to monitor and evaluate the activities of the parties implementing the tasks and actions, reflected in the Medium Term Plan; to develop in consultation with the AGs office, draft laws needed for the implementation of the Medium Term Plan.; to inform the public, through the media, about the Medium Term Plans implementation progress, spending, results, and achievements

6.2. Resource Mobilization

The implementation of the Science, Technology and Innovation Medium Term Plan will be done in a Sector Wide Approach methodology. This is necessitated by the cross cutting nature of the Sector. The resources required for implementing the identified strategic thrusts have been aligned with the MTEF budget and are tabulated in the implementation matrix.

6.2.1. Government Funding

With regard to government funding, the Sector will prepare its annual Public Expenditure Review (PER) reports to form the basis for resource bidding under the overall MTEF budgetary process. In this regard, all the Sector members will be involved in the budget process to ensure that the annual Ministerial PERs and Sector Reports accommodate their respective needs.

6.2.2. Development Partners

Development partners are already supporting the Government in some of the Initiatives outlined in this plan. The Sector plans to engage their support to fill in the resource gap between the MTEF budget and Medium Term plan budget. The relationship between the Sector and the development partners will be strengthened by, among others, developing strategic alliances based on the needs and policy direction of the Vision 2030. The development partners will form a Joint Financing framework for funding the implementation of the projects and programmes.

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6.2.3. Venture Capital

The private sector will be targeted to provide capital to bridge the gaps in Science, technology and innovation programmes financing. The macro economic environment for attraction and growth of venture capital will be created. The financial services sector will be strengthened and focused to support the growth of venture capital. The programme will also focus on public private ST&I funding as well as general financing of ST& initiatives.

6.2.4. The Kenyan National ST&I Fund

The objective is aimed at securing adequate local and international funding in support of national Science, Technology and Innovation sector Medium Term Plan. The fund will be formulated as general national fund with a framework that allows the creation of various specific funds to meet specific funding needs in the ST&I sectors like infrastructure development, applied research, innovation support among others.

6.2.5. Tax Concessions and ST&I Levy

Fiscal policies to promote the resource mobilization have been proposed in this MTP. Tax concessions on targeted sectors will be introduced to motivate the private sector to contribute in the funding of the MTP at the firm level and/or the national fund level. A national ST&I levy will be targeted to support the financing of the implementation of the MTP. This is a Private Public Sectors Partnership arrangement where the Government and the private sector contribute to the levy which will be implemented under an agreed framework of partnership.

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7 . I M P L E M E N TAT I O N M AT R I X , 2 0 0 8 - 2 0 1 2
STRATEGIC THRUST 1: STRATEGY ONE: STRENGTHEN TECHNICAL CAPACITIES AND CAPABILITIES IMPROVE PRODUCTION PROCESSES

Programme 1: ST&I for Efficient Production Goal: Indicators:

Project/Initiative Technology Assessment

To Strengthen Technical Capacities and Capabilities in Manufacturing Production Expansion of the Manufacturing Sector and increase in SMEs and R&D Activity
Objective To take stock and bridge the technology gap in priority production areas To collect, exchange, analyze and communicate existing tourism studies and research programmes in Kenya To develop a Kenya tourism research website to facilitate wider industry access to Kenya tourism research studies complete with a Search Engine to ensure visits to the site are Output Technology gap bridged in priority production areas Comprehensive audit Communication fora Indicators Technology gap assessment report Audit report Lead Implementing Agencies MoST, KAM, Universities, Ministry of Trade and Industry, KIRDI MoST, MoT, MoI&C, KEPSA, Research institutions, Tertiary institutions and Universities Time Frame 20082010 Cost (in Kenya Shillings) 30,000,000

Kenya Tourism Research Audit Project

20082010

5,000,000

Develop Internet Technology Project

Tourism research website developed

Website

MoST, MoT, MoI&C, KEPSA, Research institutions, Tertiary institutions and Universities

20082009

4,300,000

STRATEGIC THRUST 1: STRATEGY ONE:

STRENGTHEN TECHNICAL CAPACITIES AND CAPABILITIES IMPROVE PRODUCTION PROCESSES

Programme 1: ST&I for Efficient Production Goal: Indicators:

Project/Initiative

To Strengthen Technical Capacities and Capabilities in Manufacturing Production Expansion of the Manufacturing Sector and increase in SMEs and R&D Activity
Objective maximized. Output Indicators Lead Implementing Agencies Time Frame Cost (in Kenya Shillings)

Internet Geographic Information Project

To establish detailed specifications for the development of GIS on the Internet, creating interactive maps for both tourism professionals and visitors; a full audit and evaluation of existing technological capability of tourism operators. To establish a shared tourism activity and trends monitoring service to measure over time tourism industry performance in Kenya

Established GIS on touristic mapping

Web-enabled GIS

MoST, MoT, MoI&C, KEPSA, Research institutions, Tertiary institutions and Universities

20082012

14,000,000

Kenya Tourism Activity and Trends Monitoring Project

Tourism monitoring service

Reports

MoST, MoT, MoI&C, KEPSA, Research institutions, Tertiary institutions and Universities

20082012

4,000,000

STRATEGIC THRUST 1: STRATEGY ONE:

STRENGTHEN TECHNICAL CAPACITIES AND CAPABILITIES IMPROVE PRODUCTION PROCESSES

Programme 1: ST&I for Efficient Production Goal: Indicators:

Project/Initiative Kenya Tourism Niche Markets Development Project

To Strengthen Technical Capacities and Capabilities in Manufacturing Production Expansion of the Manufacturing Sector and increase in SMEs and R&D Activity
Objective To investigate the potential for the future actions in terms of product development and marketing programmes To intensify, conduct research and advise on energy sources To identify, develop niche areas in advanced manufacturing technology To develop and promote capacity in design, development and production of machineries, equipment and tools required by industry for Output Products and niche markets Indicators Report Lead Implementing Agencies MoST, MoT, MoI&C, KEPSA, Research institutions, Tertiary institutions and Universities Time Frame 20082012 Cost (in Kenya Shillings) 20,000,000

Energy Technologies Niche areas of the manufacturing sector

Increase in the range of energy alternatives Advanced manufacturing technologies identified and developed Developed capacities for design and development

The number of energy technologies Number of advanced manufacturing technologies New local designs and promoted industrial products

MoST, Ministry of Energy, Ministry of Trade Universities MoST, Ministry of Trade and Industry, Universities, Industries, KAM, KEPSA

20082012 20082012

50,000,000

75,000,000

Engineering Design and Development Initiative

MoST, MoT&I, MoE, KIRDI, Institution of Engineers of Kenya IEK and Universities

20082012

50,000,000

STRATEGIC THRUST 1: STRATEGY ONE:

STRENGTHEN TECHNICAL CAPACITIES AND CAPABILITIES IMPROVE PRODUCTION PROCESSES

Programme 1: ST&I for Efficient Production Goal: Indicators:

Project/Initiative

To Strengthen Technical Capacities and Capabilities in Manufacturing Production Expansion of the Manufacturing Sector and increase in SMEs and R&D Activity
Objective manufacturing. Output Indicators Lead Implementing Agencies Time Frame Cost (in Kenya Shillings)

Biotechnology Initiative

Develop and promote biotechnology for efficient and rapid industrial, agricultural and health transformation and establishment of National Biosafety Authority (NBA) and associated legislation. To develop new

Biotechnology developed and promoted, and establishment of NBA and associated legislation.

The number of biotechnologies developed, promoted and applied as well as the level of genetically modified organisms (GMO) awareness. Number of technologies

MoST, Ministry of Trade and Industry, Universities, Ministry of Health, Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries, KARI, KEMRI, KEFRI, KIRDI, Ministry of Energy, KAM, NMK.

20082012

500,000,000

Food Security and Agriculture Project

Food security

MoST, MoT&I, MoH, MoA, MoL&F, Universities, Ministry of KEFRI, ERC. Health, KEMRI, KIRDI, KARI, NMK-IPR, Ministry of and

cultivars technology

technologies for

2008 2012

55,000,000

and practice appropriate maximum crop yield and food security.

Energy, KEPHIS, KAM

STRATEGIC THRUST 1: STRATEGY ONE:

STRENGTHEN TECHNICAL CAPACITIES AND CAPABILITIES IMPROVE PRODUCTION PROCESSES

Programme 1: ST&I for Efficient Production Goal: Indicators:

Project/Initiative

To Strengthen Technical Capacities and Capabilities in Manufacturing Production Expansion of the Manufacturing Sector and increase in SMEs and R&D Activity
Objective Output Indicators Lead Implementing Agencies Time Frame Cost (in Kenya Shillings)

Value Addition and Agro-processing

To develop and promote value addition and agroprocessing technologies

Value addition and agro-processing technologies developed and promoted

Number of value added commodities and agroprocessing technologies in use Number of researches conducted Reduced mortality rates

MoST, Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries, Ministry of Industry and Trade, KARI, KIRDI, Universities, KAM, KEPSA,

2008 2012

1,000,000,000

Health Initiative

To ensure research is conducted in priority areas for improving health standards

Health standards improved

MoST, Ministry of Health, Universities, KEMRI, NMK

2008 2012

150,000,000

Information and Communication Technology Initiative

To develop high tech ICT infrastructure and technology efficiency for supporting the Business Process Outsourcing. Develop and implement

High tech ICT infrastructure and technology efficiency developed to support Business Process Outsourcing Mechanisms for

Report on high tech ICT infrastructure and technology efficiency Report on

MoST, MT&I, Universities, MI&C, E-Government Secretariat, MI (GITS), Min. Ag, ML&F, KEPSA, and KAM.

20082010

50,000,000

Development of a

MoST, ME&NR, Universities,

2008-

500,000,000

STRATEGIC THRUST 1: STRATEGY ONE:

STRENGTHEN TECHNICAL CAPACITIES AND CAPABILITIES IMPROVE PRODUCTION PROCESSES

Programme 1: ST&I for Efficient Production Goal: Indicators:

Project/Initiative National Mineral Industry Project

To Strengthen Technical Capacities and Capabilities in Manufacturing Production Expansion of the Manufacturing Sector and increase in SMEs and R&D Activity
Objective mechanisms for conflict resolution, mining efficiency and mineral value addition Output conflict resolution, mining efficiency and mineral value addition developed and implemented Indicators conflict resolution, mining efficiency and mineral value addition Number of new researches in water exploitation and use % increase in forest cover Land use planning Lead Implementing Agencies NEMA, Ministry of Energy, KEPSA & KAM Time Frame 2011 Cost (in Kenya Shillings)

A National Water Research Development Project Natural Resource Management

To promote research in water exploitation and use

Research promotion

MoST, Ministry of Water & Irrigation, Research Institutions, Universities

20082012

50,000,000

To integrate ST&I into Natural resource management decision and policymaking.

Increased forest cover Land management systems

MENR, MoST, KWS, Ministry of Lands, NEMA, Universities, relevant Government Ministries and other relevant Research Institutes.

20082012

50,000,000

Productivity and Competitiveness

Design and implement productivity improvement

Productivity and Competitiveness

Report Number of

MoST, KEPSA, MoT&I, KIRDI, MoL

20082012

2,750,000,000

STRATEGIC THRUST 1: STRATEGY ONE:

STRENGTHEN TECHNICAL CAPACITIES AND CAPABILITIES IMPROVE PRODUCTION PROCESSES

Programme 1: ST&I for Efficient Production Goal: Indicators:

Project/Initiative

To Strengthen Technical Capacities and Capabilities in Manufacturing Production Expansion of the Manufacturing Sector and increase in SMEs and R&D Activity
Objective interventions Output survey Productive resource human Indicators productive workers Number and type of strengthened energy resources Number of facilitated R&D Number of strengthened Technology transfers 5,357,300,000 Lead Implementing Agencies Time Frame Cost (in Kenya Shillings)

Strengthened energy efficiency Facilitated R&D Strengthened Technology transfer

Sub-Total Cost of Implementing ST&I Manufacturing Sector of Strategic Thrust 1

STRATEGIC THRUST 1: STRENGTHEN TECHNICAL CAPACITIES AND CAPABILITIES STRATEGY TWO: IMPROVE CAPACITIES AND CAPABILITIES OF ST&I INSTITUTIONS Programme 2: Strengthening and Re-engineering ST&I Institutions Goal: Indicators:
Project Review of the institutional, legal and regulatory framework for Science, Technology and Innovation in Kenya

Strengthen Capacities and Capabilities of ST&I Institutions ST&I Institutions Strengthened

Objective To develop and implement policies and enabling legislation to support the generation and utilization of ST&I Output A Presidential Advisory Commission on Science, Technology and Innovation A National Technology Acquisition Office A TIVET Authority A National ST&I Approval and Surveillance Council A National Commission on Science, Technology and Innovation An Access Regimes for National and Indicators 4 ST&I institutions established ST&I regulatory framework Lead Implementing Agencies MoST, NESC, OoP, AG office, Universities, Research Institutes, Government Ministries, KEPSA, KAM Time Frame 2008 2012 Cost (in Kenya Shillings) 4,000,000,000

STRATEGIC THRUST 1: STRENGTHEN TECHNICAL CAPACITIES AND CAPABILITIES STRATEGY TWO: IMPROVE CAPACITIES AND CAPABILITIES OF ST&I INSTITUTIONS
International Digital Research Data National Innovation System Development Project To create an effective national innovation system and coordinating Agency National Innovation System (NIS) NIS Agency Institutional framework for the NIS MoST, Attorney General Office, Industry Associations, Professional Associations, Development Partners, Universities and Government Ministries MoST, MoF, Attorney General Office, Markets Universities, Authority (CMA), Government Ministries, Capital Bankers Associations, Central Bank of Kenya and KEPSA. 2008 2012 30,000,000

Financial Services Project

Improve financial institutional efficiency and ensure commercial justice, improve macro economic performance and competitiveness

Stable macroeconomic conditions

Financial management systems

20082012

10,000,000

Governance, Security and Rule of Law

To use ST&I in enhancing the integrity, transparency and accountability of electoral processes; fostering democracy, public participation in governance, ethical and results-oriented government Institutions

Good Governance

Governance Frameworks

MoST, Attorney General Office, Universities, Government Ministries, MoJ&CA, MoHA, Security Operators, KEPSA.

20092012

20,000,000

STRATEGIC THRUST 1: STRENGTHEN TECHNICAL CAPACITIES AND CAPABILITIES STRATEGY TWO: IMPROVE CAPACITIES AND CAPABILITIES OF ST&I INSTITUTIONS
Sub-Total Cost of Implementing Strengthened and Re-engineered ST&I Institutions under Strategic Thrust 1 4,060,000,000

STRATEGIC THRUST 1: STRENGTHEN TECHNICAL CAPACITIES AND CAPABILITIES STRATEGY THREE: IMPROVE ST&I INFRASTRUCTURE AND EQUIPMENT Programme 3: Infrastructure and Equipment Goal: Indicators:
Project Centers of Excellence Support

Provide Globally Competitive ST&I Infrastructure and Equipment Infrastructure and Equipment
Objective To identify and strengthen existing ST&I infrastructure with high potential for national development To establish ST&I parks and Industrial Incubators Output Excellent ST&I Infrastructure Indicators Number of laboratories, workshops, and institutions identified and equipped Number established Lead Implementing Agencies MoST, KIRDI, KEMRI, Research Institutes, KAM, Universities, NMK Time Frame 20082012 Cost (in Kenya Shillings) 2,000,000,000

Science, Technology and Innovation Parks and Industrial Incubators Targeted ST&I Infrastructure Provision Fast Tracking of TIVET Facilities

One Science and Technology Park and three industrial incubators established Technology development and transfer in priority sectors Improved access to TIVET

MoST, KIRDI, National Urban and Metropolitan Region development Board, KIRDI, Universities, Research Institutes, KAM, KEPSA, NMK MoST, Government ministries, KIRDI, KAM, KEPSA, Universities and research institutes MoST, MoE, MoLHRD, MoSYA, MoRPW, KEPSA

2008 2012

20,000,000,000

To provide critical ST&I infrastructure in priority sectors To upgrade and increase TIVET facilities

Number of technologies developed and adopted Number of facilities upgraded or added

2008 2012

60,000,000

2008 2012

6,000,000,000

Sub-Total Cost of Implementing ST&I Infrastructure and Equipment under Strategic Thrust 1

28,060,000,000

STRATEGIC THRUST 1: STRENGTHEN TECHNICAL CAPACITIES AND CAPABILITIES STRATEGY FOUR: DEVELOPING CAPACITY AND CAPABILITIES FOR NEW AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES Programme 4: National Material Sciences Programme Goal: Indicators:
Project Building and construction Materials

Increase capacities and capabilities in material science Improved materials development infrastructure, materials and skills
Objective Provide cost effective high quality materials for high-tech infrastructure and transport designs To develop appropriate high strength materials which are low cost, effective and efficient. Output Building and construction material Indicators Appropriate building and construction materials Number of New, appropriate, low cost, effective and efficient materials developed No. of industries using laser technology Lead Implementing Agencies MoST, MoR&PW, MoH, MoLG, MoT, MoT&I, Universities, Research Institutes, KEPSA, KAM, Professional Associations Ministry of Science &Technology, Ministry of Trade and Industry, KAM, Universities, Research Institutions Time Frame 20082012 Cost (in Kenya Shillings) 48,000,000

Nanotechnology

New, appropriate, low cost, effective and efficient materials developed

20082012

100,000,000

Laser Technology

To develop and promote laser technology for efficient and rapid industrial transformation.

Laser technology developed and promoted

MoST, MoT&I ,KAM, Universities, Research Institutions

20082012

150,000,000

STRATEGIC THRUST 1: STRENGTHEN TECHNICAL CAPACITIES AND CAPABILITIES STRATEGY FOUR: DEVELOPING CAPACITY AND CAPABILITIES FOR NEW AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES

Metal

Processing

Technologies Project

To improve technologies for processing materials for the improvement of the appearance properties of the semiprocessed material or to produce new materials and to provide the technologies required for expansion and diversification of the metal industry.

Better technologies

Number of technologies

MoST, KAM, TIVET institutions, MoT&I, MoE&NR, MoR&PW, Universities, Research institutes and KEPSA

20082012

100,000,000

Total Cost of Implementing A National Materials Programme under Strategic Thrust 1

398,000,000

STRATEGIC THRUST 1: STRENGTHEN TECHNICAL CAPACITIES AND CAPABILITIES STRATEGY FOUR: DEVELOPING CAPACITY AND CAPABILITIES FOR NEW AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES Programme 5: Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Science and Technology Goal: Indicators:
Project Peaceful Uses of

Increase capacities and capabilities in peaceful uses of atomic energy Improved atomic energy infrastructure and skills
Objective To create awareness , Output Awareness created, Indicators Number of firms Lead Implementing Agencies MoST, MoE, KAM, Time Frame 2008Cost (in Kenya Shillings) 200,000,000

STRATEGIC THRUST 1: STRENGTHEN TECHNICAL CAPACITIES AND CAPABILITIES STRATEGY FOUR: DEVELOPING CAPACITY AND CAPABILITIES FOR NEW AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES
Nuclear Science and Technology develop capabilities and integrate nuclear technology in the national production processes capabilities developed and nuclear technology integrated in national production processes using nuclear energy Universities, Research Institutions 2012

Total Cost of Implementing Nuclear S&T Programme under Strategic Thrust 1

200,000,000

STRATEGIC THRUST 1: STRATEGY FOUR:

STRENGTHEN TECHNICAL CAPACITIES AND CAPABILITIES DEVELOPING CAPACITY AND CAPABILITIES FOR NEW AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES

Programme 6: Space Technology Goal: Indicators:

Project

Increase capacities and capabilities in space technologies Improved space technology infrastructure and skills
Objective Output Indicators Lead Implementing Agencies Time Frame Cost (in Million Kenya Shillings)

STRATEGIC THRUST 1: STRATEGY FOUR:

Climate Change

STRENGTHEN TECHNICAL CAPACITIES AND CAPABILITIES DEVELOPING CAPACITY AND CAPABILITIES FOR NEW AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES

To develop technologies and capacities to predict, monitor and mitigate impacts of climate change and the appropriate institutional and legal frameworks for implementation of the scientifically rationalized responses To increase awareness among Kenyans and build the national capacity in this area in order to effectively apply space technologybased solutions to development challenges

Technologies and capacities to predict, monitor and mitigate impacts of climate change developed. Institutional and legal framework for implementation of responses developed

Number of technologies developed Institutional and legal framework report

MoST, Mo Energy ,KAM, Universities, Research Institutions

20082012

200,000,000

Space Technology Initiative

Awareness created, National capacity in space technology built

Number of firms using space technology

MoST, MENR, Universities, Research Institutions

20082012

300,000,000

Sub-Total Cost of Implementing Space Technology Programme under Strategic Thrust 1 Total Cost of Implementing Programmes under Strategic Thrust 1

500,000,000 38,575,300,000

STRATEGIC THRUST 2: DEVELOP HIGHLY SKILLED HUMAN RESOURCES STRATEGY 1: INCREASE ST&I PERSONNEL AND IMPROVE ST&I SKILLS Programme 1: ST&I Human Resource Development Goal: Indicators:
Project Review of SET Skills

To develop creative and innovative human capital Employable persons with ability to create new products, services and jobs
Objective To assess the existing SET skills, determine the requirements of SET skills for the country, and draw up a strategy for closing the gap Output Existing SET skills assessed, requirements of SET skills determined and gaps filled Indicators SET skills assessment and requirements report % of implementation of report An assessment report MoST, MoE, MoLHRD, Universities, MoPND, KEPSA 20082012 100,000,000 Lead Implementing Agencies MoST, MoE, MoLHRD, Universities, MoPND, KEPSA Time Frame 20082012 Cost (in Kenya Shillings) 100,000,000

Education, Training and Research

To assess trends in supply and demand for ST&I graduates and identifying successful policy measures for increasing participation in ST&I,

Trends in demand and supply for ST&I graduates assessed. Policy measures for increasing participation identified ST &I, creativity and indigenous knowledge systems integrated in education and

Policy document on participation in ST&I No. of curricula developed MoST, MoE, MoLHRD, Universities, , KEPSA, NMK 20082012 200,000,000

ST&I Curriculum Review

To integrate ST&I, creativity and indigenous knowledge systems in the education and training

STRATEGIC THRUST 2: DEVELOP HIGHLY SKILLED HUMAN RESOURCES STRATEGY 1: INCREASE ST&I PERSONNEL AND IMPROVE ST&I SKILLS Programme 1: ST&I Human Resource Development Goal: Indicators:
Project

To develop creative and innovative human capital Employable persons with ability to create new products, services and jobs
Objective curriculum Output training curriculum. Indicators Lead Implementing Agencies Time Frame Cost (in Kenya Shillings)

Capacity Building for ST&I

To develop a pool of qualified personnel for efficient and effective service delivery in ST&I.

A pool of qualified ST&I personnel developed

No. of qualified ST&I personnel

MoST, MoE, MoLHRD, Universities, , KEPSA

20082012

250,000,000

TIVET Institutional Capacity for Research and Development

To develop institutional capacity for promotion of research and development in TIVET.

Institutional capacity for promotion of research and development in TIVET developed.

Number of TIVET researchers trained Number of research equipment and facilities provided Population and national land management

MoST, MoE, MoLHRD, Universities, , KEPSA, Research Institutions

20082012

500,000,000

Population and Urbanization Project

To support the establishment of an Integrated Population

Established population and national land

MoST, MoP&ND, NCAP&D, MoL&S, MoLG, MoL&HRD, Central Bureau of Statistics

20082012

20,000,000

STRATEGIC THRUST 2: DEVELOP HIGHLY SKILLED HUMAN RESOURCES STRATEGY 1: INCREASE ST&I PERSONNEL AND IMPROVE ST&I SKILLS Programme 1: ST&I Human Resource Development Goal: Indicators:
Project

To develop creative and innovative human capital Employable persons with ability to create new products, services and jobs
Objective and national land management System using ST&I. Output management systems Indicators system Lead Implementing Agencies Universities, Research Institutions and KEPSA. Time Frame Cost (in Kenya Shillings)

Gender, Youth and Vulnerable Groups Project

To increase interest in technology skills among the youth and vulnerable groups and their effective participation in ST&I.

Technology skills

Number of Technology skills and participants

MoST, MoSYA, MoL&HRD, MoSPS, MoGSC&SS, , Universities, Research Institutions, KEPSA, KAM.

20082012

30,000,000

Brain Gain

Develop and implement comprehensive multidimensional ST&I strategies for harnessing the Diaspora resources and mainstreaming them to the national development

Harnessed Diaspora resources

Number of developed and implemented Strategies Number of Diaspora participants in

MoST, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Labour, Ministry of Trade and Industry, KIRDI, MoE, Universities, KAM, Research Institutions,

2008 2012

100,000,000

STRATEGIC THRUST 2: DEVELOP HIGHLY SKILLED HUMAN RESOURCES STRATEGY 1: INCREASE ST&I PERSONNEL AND IMPROVE ST&I SKILLS Programme 1: ST&I Human Resource Development Goal: Indicators:
Project

To develop creative and innovative human capital Employable persons with ability to create new products, services and jobs
Objective Output Indicators ST&I activities Collaboration mechanism for Diaspora-Kenya Institutions Lead Implementing Agencies Time Frame Cost (in Kenya Shillings)

Total Cost of Implementing ST&I Human Resource Development Programme under Strategic Thrust 2

1,300,000,000

STRATEGIC THRUST 2: DEVELOP HIGHLY SKILLED HUMAN RESOURCES STRATEGY 2: ENHANCE TECHNOPRENUERIAL SKILLS AND SUPPORT SERVICES Programme 2: Technopreneur Development Goal: Indicators:
Project

Promote technology-based enterprise skills Increase in technoprenuers and technology- based enterprises
Objective Output Indicators Lead Implementing Agencies Time Frame 20082012 Cost (in Million Kenya Shillings) 150,000,000

Commercialization and Technopreneur Skills

To impart commercialization and technopreneur skills to Kenyans to facilitate them in turning domestic and international scientific research into commercial products, processes and services. To provide start-up capital for the commercialization of technopreneurship ideas To improve efficiency in the supply chain, promote producer based groups and improve the

Technology based enterprises increased

No. of technology based enterprises established

MoST, MoT&I, MoLHRD, Universities, KEPSA, Research Institutions

Business Support Project for Startups

Start-up capital for the commercialization of technopreneurship ideas provided Business supply chain

Number of technopreneursh ip ideas commercialized Increased profits and savings

MoST, MoT&I, MoLHRD, Universities, KEPSA, Research Institutions

20082012

300,000,000

ST&I in Wholesale & Retail Trade

MoST, MoF, MoT&I, MoL&HRD Research Institutes, Universities, TIVET institutions, KIPI and Jua Kali Association of Kenya

20082012

50,000,000

STRATEGIC THRUST 2: DEVELOP HIGHLY SKILLED HUMAN RESOURCES STRATEGY 2: ENHANCE TECHNOPRENUERIAL SKILLS AND SUPPORT SERVICES
business environment.

Sub-Total Cost of Implementing Technopreneur Programme under Strategic Thrust 2 Total Cost of Implementing Strategic Thrust 2

500,000,000 1,800,000,000

STRATEGIC THRUST 3: INTENSIFICATION OF INNOVATION IN PRIORITY SECTORS STRATEGY 1: INCREASE FUNDING FOR ST&I Programme 1: ST&I Funding Goal: Indicators:
Project ST&I Endowment Fund

To increase and sustain ST&I funding Increased sustainable funding from the private sector, development partners and Government budgetary allocation
Objective To set up a revolving and sustainable source of income for financing ST&I programmes. To establish legal & Institutional frameworks to establish and operationalize of Kenya National Research Fund. Output A ST&I Endowment Fund established Indicators Legal authority establishing endowment Fund Legal authority establishing KNR Fund Lead Implementing Agencies MoST, MoE, MoF, Universities, KEPSA, Research Institutions, AG, Strategic partners MoST, MoE, MoF, Universities, KEPSA, Research Institutions, AG, Strategic partners Time Frame 20082012 Cost (in Kenya Shillings) 2,000,000,000

Kenya National Research Fund

Establishment and operationalization of the Kenya National Research fund established.

20082012

500,000,000

STRATEGIC THRUST 3: INTENSIFICATION OF INNOVATION IN PRIORITY SECTORS STRATEGY 1: INCREASE FUNDING FOR ST&I
The Science, Technology and Innovation Infrastructure Fund Project To secure adequate local and international funding in support of national ST&I infrastructure development, upgrading and maintenance. To increase the amount of private investment capital for ST&I To develop a framework for tax concessions for R&D. Secure adequate local and international funding for national ST&I infrastructure development, upgrading & maintenance The amount of private investment capital for ST&I increased A framework for tax concessions for R&D. developed Amount of funding secured MoST, MoE, MoF, Universities, KEPSA, Research Institutions, AG, Strategic partners 20082012 5,000,000,000

Kenya National Venture Capital Fund Tax Concessions for Research and Development

The private investment expenditure A policy framework document

MoST, MoE, MoF, Universities, KEPSA, Research Institutions, AG, Strategic partners MoST, MoE, MoF, Universities, KEPSA, Research Institutions, AG, Strategic partners

20082012

1,000,000,000

20082012

20,000,000

Sub-Total Cost of Implementing ST&I Funding Programme under Strategic Thrust 3

8,520,000,000

STRATEGIC THRUST 3: INTENSIFICATION OF INNOVATION IN PRIORITY SECTORS STRATEGY 2: IMPROVE COLLABORATIONS AND LINKAGES IN ST&I Programme 2: ST&I Collaborations and Partnerships Goal: Promote strategic scientific and technological linkages and collaborations

Indicators: Increase in strategic ST&I collaborative agreements

Project Strategic ST&I Linkages and Collaborations Objective To develop a policy framework for collaboration and partnerships in ST&I Output Policy framework Indicators Progress report Approved policy Lead Implementing Agencies MoST and Key ST&I sector stakeholders Time Frame 20082009 Cost (in Kenya Shillings) 20,000,000

To establish key strategic partnerships in ST&I priority areas

Atleast 2 strategic partnerships in each identified area of thrust

Number of partnerships established

MoST

20082010

200,000,000

Sub-Total Cost of Implementing ST&I Collaborations and Partnerships under Strategic Thrust 3

220,000,000

STRATEGIC THRUST 3: INTENSIFICATION OF INNOVATION IN PRIORITY SECTORS STRATEGY 4: IMPROVE KNOWLEDGE TRANSFORMATION AND STRENGTHEN THE IPR REGIME Programme 4: Knowledge Transformation and IPR Goal: Indicators:
Project Knowledge Transformation and IPR

To strengthen IPR regimes Increased number of patents, utility models and copyrights
Objective To provide comprehensive information on IPR to Innovators and inventors Output Database on IPR and expired patents Indicators Records captured Lead Implementing Agencies MoST Time Frame 20082009 Cost (in Kenya Shillings) 10,000,000

To promote establishment of IPR offices in ST&I institutions

5 IPR offices per year Number of IPR offices MoST 20082012 20,000,000 10,000,000

Total Cost of Implementing Knowledge Transformation and IPR Programme under Strategic Thrust 1

STRATEGIC THRUST 3: INTENSIFICATION OF INNOVATION IN PRIORITY SECTORS STRATEGY 5: MAP AND PROTECT INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE AND TECHNOLOGY

Programme 5: Indigenous Knowledge and Technology Goal: Indicators:

Project Commercialization of Indigenous Resources and Knowledge

To identify, exploit and promote indigenous knowledge and technology for competitiveness Increased contribution of indigenous knowledge and technology in GDP
Objective To develop and support ST&I programs for the exploitation and commercialization of indigenous resources and knowledge in priority sectors To develop a database on indigenous knowledge and technologies Output At least 1 program in each priority sector Indicators Number of programs Lead Implementing Agencies MoST, SMEs, Research institutes, Private sector/venture capitalists, NMK Time Frame 20082012 Cost (in Kenya Shillings) 100,000,000

Indigenous Knowledge and Technologies Documentation

IRTK Database

Records

MoST, NMK

20082009

10,000,000

Sub-Total Cost of Implementing Indigenous Knowledge and Technology Programme under Strategic Thrust 1

110,000,000

STRATEGIC THRUST 3: INTENSIFICATION OF INNOVATION IN PRIORITY SECTORS STRATEGY 6: DEVELOP A NATIONAL ST&I REWARD AND RECOGNITION SYSTEM Programme 6: National Innovation Recognition Goal: Indicators:
Project ST&I Awards

To recognize and promote innovativeness Awards and Recognition Schemes

Objective To develop and implement awards Output ST&I awards policy Indicators Number of Lead Implementing Agencies MoST Time Frame 2008Cost (in Kenya Shillings) 500,000,000

schemes for outstanding ST&I initiatives by Kenyans

5 awards schemes covering Women Scientists young Scientists and Technoprenuers

schemes

2012

Total Cost of Implementing National Innovation Recognition Programme under Strategic Thrust 3

500,000,000

STRATEGIC THRUST 3: INTENSIFICATION OF INNOVATION IN PRIORITY SECTORS STRATEGY 7: QUALITY ASSURANCE AND STANDARDS Programme 7: Goal: Indicators:
Project

Quality Assurance and Standards To attain acceptable international quality standards ISO Certification
Objective Output Indicators Lead Implementing Agencies MoST Time Frame 20082011 Cost (in Kenya Shillings) 250,000,000

Quality assurance and standards

To promote the establishment and implementation of quality assurance and standards in ST&I To review and develop performance management framework for the national innovation system including a Performance- Based Remuneration System

Quality assurance policy in the first year; At least one standard annually for ST&I or TIVET

Standards developed

Entrench International Business Standards in the national innovation system

Policy research; reports on ST&I system management Advice options and recommendations for the strategic management of the national innovation system new/improved ST&I management frameworks and guidelines

Progress Reports

MoST, KBS, KEPSA, KAM

20082009

20,000,000

Sub-Total Cost of Implementing Quality Assurance and Standards Programme under Strategic Thrust 3 Total Cost of Implementing Strategic Thrust 3

270,000,000 9,640,000,000

STRATEGIC THRUST 4: ENHANCING ST&I AWARENESS Programme 1: ST&I Public Communication and Advocacy Goal: Indicators:
Project Public Awareness

To realize a well informed society on ST&I issues Public participation and awareness in ST&I
Objective To develop and implement programs to enhance public awareness on the role of ST&I and TIVET in national development To organize bi-annual round table series on ST&I To develop and implement ST&I programs as a cocurricula activity in ECD and BE To develop and implement programs to promote upscaling of technologies in communities Output One program in each priority area Indicators Number of programs Lead Implementing Agencies MoST Time Frame 200820012 Cost (in Kenya Shillings) 100,000,000

Round Table Series on ST&I ST&I Community Outreach

Two round tables per year ST&I co-curricula programs

Number of round tables Number of programs

MoST

20082012 20082012

150,000,000

MoST

50,000,000

Technology upscaling programs

MoST Number of programs 20082012

200,000,000

Sub-Total Cost of Implementing ST&I Public Communication and Advocacy under Strategic Thrust 4

500,000,000

STRATEGIC THRUST 4: ENHANCING ST&I AWARENESS Programme 2: Ethics and Values Programme Goal: Indicators:
Project National Code of Ethics and Values in ST&I

To realize an ethical ST&I fraternity and Kenyans at large Codes of Practice and Ethics
Objective To develop and implement comprehensive national codes of ethics on application of ST&I Output National codes of ethics Indicators Number of codes of ethics Lead Implementing Agencies MoST and Stakeholders Time Frame 20082010 Cost (in Kenya Shillings) 20,000,000

Sub-Total Cost of Implementing Ethics and Values Programme under Strategic Thrust 4 Total Cost of Implementing Strategic Thrust 4

20,000,000 520,000,000

STRATEGIC THRUST FIVE: STRENGTHENING THE ST&I PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK Programme 1: ST&I Performance Management Impact Assessment Goal: Indicators:
Project Performance Framework for Public SET

To monitor and evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness of the ST&I Medium Term Plan Improved socio-economic status of Kenyans
Objective To develop and implement a performance framework and tools for Output Performance framework Indicators % development and implementation Lead Implementing Agencies MoST Time Frame 20082012 Cost (in Kenya Shillings) 250,000,000

Institutions Research, Science and Engineering Indicators Almanac

management of ST&I To develop and periodically review a compendium of facts, figures, charts and graphs on Kenyas research, science and engineering enterprise Data on Kenyas research, science and engineering enterprise Records MoST 20082009 25,000,000

Sub-Total Cost of Implementing ST&I Performance Management Impact Assessment under Strategic Thrust 4 Total Cost of Implementing Strategic Thrust 5 Total Cost of Implementing MTP

275,000,000 275,000,000 50,290,300,000