Saudi Aviation Mech Training

Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
SDT Training Academy

121/214 11/1/1429 H.
Approved by Technical and Vocational Training Corporation

Technical and Vocational Training Department
Technical Foundation Degree

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2009

Technical and Vocational Training

2

Table of Contents

Page Number Subject
3 Program Description
3 The general aim of the program
3 The specific aim of the program
4 Study Plan by Quarters
6 Mathematics
9 Physics
13 D.C Electrical Fundamentals
20 Air Legislation
25 Human Factors
29 A.C Electrical Fundamentals
33 Electronic Fundamentals
37 Materials and Hardware
44 Maintenance Practices a&b
52 Digital Fundamentals
59 Aerodynamics
63 Piston Aeroplane Aerodynamic Structures and Systems
73 Gas Turbine Engines
79 Propellers


3

Department


Specialism


Program Description:
This Technical Foundation Degree was established to meet the needs of individuals to be
qualified in the area of technical maintenance. The degree program consists of 13 modules, which
enable the academic and vocational paths to be fused together, providing a course centred around
the needs of the maintenance engineer. In the first year, the modules studied are: Mathematics,
Physics, AC/DC Electrical Fundamentals, Electronic Fundamentals, Digital Fundamentals, Human
Factors, Air Legislation, Materials and Hardware and Maintenance Practices. The second year
modules are: Maintenance Practices (Aircraft Practical tasks carried on from the first year),
Aerodynamics, Piston Aeroplane Aerodynamic Structures and Systems, Gas Turbine Engines and
Propellers. Graduates will be awarded the Technical Foundation Degree which is also accredited
by Kingston University.

Trainees in the Technical Foundation Degree have 2720 training hours, which include lectures,
practical training in a technical maintenance environment, tutorials and Co-operative Training.

The general aim of this program:

This training programme is the only one of its type in the country, opening new channels of higher
technical education that meet the country's needs, and creating opportunities for high school and
technical institute graduates. This will help to expand the Saudi manpower base in technical
maintenance field and provide this sector of engineering with qualified national manpower.

The specific aims of the program:

By the end of this program, a trainee will be able to work with confidence as a maintenance
technician.

The technical foundation degree will also prepare trainees to join training in aircraft maintenance
to obtain EASA, Part 66 B1 Aircraft Maintenance Licence after 2 years of aircraft maintenance
experience.

Due to its generic content, this degree will prepare trainees for many other engineering and
technical disciplines and careers.


4
The Study Plan by Quarters

As a prerequisite, trainees must have achieved a minimum of 6.0 in the Academic IELTS Exam, with 6.0 in
each component of the exam (Reading, Writing, Listening and Speaking).

No. of Units
No.
Course
Code
Course Name Prerequisites
CRH L P T CTH
1 AE0311 Mathematics None 9 9 0 1 10
2 AE0312 Physics None 8 7 2 1 10
3 AE1313 DC Electrical Fundamentals None 12 10 4 2 16
F
i
r
s
t

Q
u
a
r
t
e
r

Total 29 26 6 4 36

No. of Units
No.
Course
Code
CRH L P T CTH
1 AE1321 AC Electrical Fundamentals AE1313 10 8 4 1 13
2 AE2336 Electronics Fundamentals AE1313 3 2 2 0 4
3 AE1319 Air Legislation None 5 4 2 0 6
4 AE1320 Human Factors None 5 4 2 0 6
S
e
c
o
n
d

Q
u
a
r
t
e
r

Total 23 18 10 1 29

No. of Units
No.
Course
Code
CRH L P T CTH
1 AE1316 Materials & Hardware AE0312 10 8 4 1 13
2 AE1317 Maintenance Practices A AE1321 21 21 0 2 23

T
h
i
r
d

Q
u
a
r
t
e
r

Total 31 29 4 3 36

No. of Units
No.
Course
Code
CRH L P T CTH
1 **AE2318 Maintenance Practices B AE1317 18 0 36 0 36

F
o
u
r
t
h

Q
u
a
r
t
e
r

Total 18 0 36 0 36

No. of Units
No.
Course
Code
CRH L P T CTH
1 AE2337 Digital Fundamentals AE1321 10 8 4 1 13
2 AE1324 Aerodynamics AE0312 10 8 4 1 13

F
i
f
t
h

Q
u
a
r
t
e
r

Total 20 16 8 2 26


5

No. of Units
No.
Course
Code
CRH L P T CTH
1 **AE2338
Piston Aeroplane Aerodynamic
Structures & Systems
AE2318 24 24 0 1 25

S
i
x
t
h

Q
u
a
r
t
e
r

Total 24 24 0 1 25

No. of Units
No.
Course
Code
CRH L P T CTH
1 **AE2338
Piston Aeroplane Aerodynamic
Structures & Systems
AE2318 7 0 14 0 14
2 **AE2339 Gas Turbine Engines & Propellers AE2318 13 12 2 1 15
3 **AE2339 Propellers AE2318 4 3 2 1 6
S
e
v
e
n
t
h

Q
u
a
r
t
e
r

Total 24 15 18 2 35

No. of Units
No.
Course
Code
CRH L P T CTH
1 AE2302 Co-operative Training All Modules 4 390
E
i
g
h
t
h

Q
u
a
r
t
e
r

Total 4 390

CRH L P T CTH
Total Number 173 128 82 13 223

Total Number of Training Hours

2720

CRH: Credit Hours L: Lecture P: Practical T: Tutorial CTH: Contact Hours

** Indicates a double module.


6

Department
Technical and Vocational
Training
Specialization
Technical Foundation
Degree
Course Name Mathematics Course Code AE0311
Prerequisites None
Quarter Number 1
Credit Hours 9

L 9

P 0

Course Description:
The course will give the students the skills and knowledge
in engineering mathematics. The students will learn skills
in arithmetic, number systems, algebraic equations,
Geometry, Polar to Rectangular Conversion and Calculus.
Contact
Hours
(h/w)
T 1

General objective of the course:
The course aims to teach students fundamentals of engineering mathematics and equip
them with the mathematical skills necessary for successful completion of the Technical
Foundation Degree.
Behavioural Objectives:
Prepare the student to be able to:
1. Perform arithmetic calculations
2. Convert numbers between bases and arithmetic operations with different bases
3. Solve algebraic functions
4. Solve geometric and trigonometric problems
5. Representation of data and functions in the graphical form
6. Relate Cartesian (polar) to vectors and vice versa and perform related calculations
7. Explain the use and solve simple elementary problems in calculus

Contents (Theoretical and Practical):

Arithmetic
Algebra
Geometry
Calculus


7

Detailed Theoretical and Practical Contents
Hours Contents
Behavioural
Objectives
Related
Tasks
20
Arithmetic
o Arithmetical Terms and Signs
o Methods of Multiplication and Division
o Fractions and Decimals
o Weights and Measures
o Conversion Factors
o Ratio and Proportion
o Averages
o Percentages
o Areas and Volumes
o Squares, Cubes
o Square and Cube Roots
1&2
25
Algebra
o Evaluating simple algebraic expressions
o Linear equations
o Indices and powers, negative and fractional
indices
o Binary and other applicable numbering
systems
o Simultaneous equations and second degree
equations with one unknown
o Logarithms
3
20
Geometry
o Simple geometrical constructions
o Graphical representations; nature and uses of
graphs of equations functions
o Simple trigonometry, trigonometrical
relationships, use of tables and rectangular
and polar coordinates.
4&5&6
25
Calculus
o Introduction
o Area under a curve
o Turning Points
o Maxima and Minima
o Solve problems using elementary differential
and integral calculus
7

8

References
EASA Part 66 Module 1 Mathematics course notes
J ames, G. (2001) Modern engineering mathematics. Harlow,
Prentice-Hall
Total Training Support (2004) Module 1 mathematics for
EASA Part 66. Bedford, Total Training Support


9
Department
Training
Specialization
Degree
Course Name Physics Course Code AE0312
Prerequisites None
Quarter
Number
1
Credit Hours 8
L 7
P 2
Course Description
This course is mainly physics based and starts with the
definition of the SI system, the structure of matter and the
properties of solids, liquids and gases. The basic principles
of statics, kinetics and dynamics are explained and
calculations performed using appropriate formulae.

Contact
Hours
(h/w)

T 1
To teach the students the fundamentals of engineering science and equip them with the
scientific skills and knowledge necessary for successful completion of the Technical
Foundation Degree
1. Describe basic SI units and explain derived units.
2. Describe the nature and properties of solids, fluids and gases.
3. Describe the terms; explain the basic principles and use techniques and formulas
associated with: statics, kinetics, dynamics and fluid dynamics.
4. Describe principles and use formulas for thermodynamics.
5. Describes principles and use formulas for light propagation and optics.
6. Describe principles and laws associated with wave motion and sound and perform
associated calculations

Matter
Mechanics
Thermodynamics
Dynamics
Optics
Wave Motion and Sound

10
Hours Contents
Behavioural
Objectives
Related
Tasks
10
Matter
o Nature of matter: the chemical elements,
structure of atoms, molecules;
o Chemical compounds
o States: solid, liquid and gaseous;
o Changes between states.
1&2
40
Mechanics
Statics
o Forces, moments and couples,
representation as vectors;
o Centre of gravity.
o Elements of theory of stress, strain and
elasticity: tension, compression, shear and
torsion;
o Nature and properties of solid, fluid and
gas;
o Pressure and buoyancy in liquids
(barometers)
Kinetics
o Linear movement uniform motion in a
straight line, motion under constant
acceleration (motion under gravity);
o Periodic motion: pendular movement;
o Simple theory of vibration, harmonics and
resonance;
o Velocity ratio, mechanical advantage and
efficiency
Dynamics
o Mass
o Force, inertia, work, power, energy
(potential, kinetic and total energy), heat,
efficiency;
o Momentum, conservation of momentum;
o Impulse;
o Gyroscopic principles
o Friction: nature and effects, coefficient of
friction (rolling resistance)
3

11
Fluid dynamics
o Specific gravity and density
o Viscosity, fluid resistance, effects of
streamlining;
o Effects of compressibility on fluids;
o Static dynamic and total pressure:
Bernoullis Theorem venturi.
20
Thermodynamics
o Temperature: thermometers and
temperature scales: Celsius, Fahrenheit and
Kelvin; Heat definition.
o Heat capacity, specific heat;
o Heat transfer: convection, radiation and
conduction;
o Volumetric expansion;
o First and second law thermodynamics
o Gases: ideal gases laws; specific heat at
constant volume and constant pressure,
work done by expanding gas;
o Isothermal, adiabatic expansion and
compression engine cycles, constant
volume and constant pressure, refrigerators
and heat pumps;
o Latent heats of fusion and evaporation,
thermal energy, heat of combustion.

10
Optics Light
o Nature of light; speed of light;
o Laws of reflection and refraction: reflection
at plane surfaces, reflection by spherical
mirrors, refraction lenses;
o Fibre optics.

5
10
Wave Motion and Sound
o Wave motion: mechanical waves,
sinusoidal wave motion, interference
phenomena, standing waves;
o Sound: speed of sound, production of
sound, intensity, pitch and quality, Doppler
effect.

6

12
References
EASA Part 66 Module 2 Physics course notes.
W Bolton, Mechanical Science, Blackwell


13

Department
Training
Specialization
Degree
Course Name DC Electrical Fundamentals Course Code AE1313
Prerequisites None
Quarter
Number
1
Credit Hours 12
L 10
P 4
Course Description:
This course is designed to equip students with the
knowledge and skills necessary to solve electrical
problems, and introduce the characteristics and
applications of electrical components and devices used in
DC electrical systems.

Contact
Hours
(h/w)

T 2
To teach students the fundamentals of direct current electrical engineering and equip
them electrical skills and knowledge to complete the Technical Foundation Degree.
The student should be able to:
1. Describe the structure and distribution of electrical charges within materials used
in electrical engineering.
2. Explain the production and effects of static electricity.
3. Define the terms and fundamental units used in electrical engineering and explain
the relations between them.
4. Explain how electricity is produced and describe sources of DC electricity. Explain
the effects of internal resistance on sources of electricity.
5. Construct simple DC circuits using resistors. Perform calculation and make
measurements to determine current, voltage and resistance.
6. Describe the construction, properties, identification and uses of resistors,
capacitors and inductors in DC electrical engineering.
7. Perform calculations to determine capacitance, inductance and time constants.
Draw and explain graphs of voltage and current for capacitors and inductors in DC
circuits.
8. Define the terms associated with power related calculations and measurements.
9. Describe theories of magnetism and the properties, production and use of
permanent and electromagnets. Perform calculations associated with magnets and
magnetism.
10. Describe the effects of mutual and self inductance and factors that affect them.
11. Perform calculations associated with induction.

14
Atoms, ions, molecules, compounds, compounds, semi-conductors, insulators.
Distribution of charges. Attraction, repulsion. Coulombs Law. Conduction in
solids, liquids, gases and a vacuum.
Potential difference, emf, voltage, current, resistance conductance, charge,
conventional and electron flow.
Production of electricity using light, heat, friction, pressure, chemical action and
motion. Construction of cells and batteries, primary, secondary. Lead acid, nickel
cadmium, other alkali cells. Internal resistance, capacity, terminal voltage.
Thermocouples, photo-cells.
Ohms Law. Kirchhoffs First and Second Laws.
Series interconnection, parallel interconnection and combinations.
Colour coding, potentiometers, variable, voltage dependent, rheostats, Wheatstone
Bridge.
Dielectric constant, permittivity, absolute values, relative values.
Mmf, Programme strength, flux density, permeability, hysteresis loop, retentivity,
coercive force, reluctance, saturation, eddy currents, precautions, storage.
Corkscrew Rule, Right Hand Grasp Rule.
Faradays Law, Lenzs Law, Programme strength, rates of change of flux, relative
positions.


15

Hours Contents
Behavioural
Objectives
Related
Tasks
10
Electron Theory
o Structure and distribution of electrical
charges within atoms, molecules, ions and
compounds
o Molecular structure of conductors,
semiconductors and insulators
1
10
Static Electricity and Conduction
o Static electricity and distribution of
electrostatic charges
o Electrostatic laws of attraction and repulsion
o Units of charge Coulombs Law
o Conduction of electricity in solids, liquids,
gases and a vacuum
2
10
Electrical Terminology
o The following terms, their unit and factors
affecting them; potential difference,
electromotive force, voltage, current,
resistance, conductance, charge,
conventional current flow, electron flow
3
10
Generation of Electricity
o Production of electricity by the following
methods; light, heat, friction, pressure,
chemical action, magnetism and motion
4
15
DC Sources of Electricity
o Construction and basic chemical action of;
primary cells, secondary cells, lead acid
cells, nickel cadmium cells, other alkaline
cells
o Cells connected in series and parallel
o Internal resistance and its effect on a battery
o Construction, materials and operation of
thermocouples
o Operation of photo-cells
5&6

16
10
DC Circuits
o Ohms Law, Kirchhoffs Law and Current
Laws
o Calculations using the above laws to find
resistance, voltage and current
o Significance of the internal resistance of a
supply
5&6
25
Resistance / Resistor
A)
o Resistance and affecting factors
o Specific resistance
o Resistor colour code, values and tolerances,
preferred values, wattage ratings
o Resistors in series and parallel
o Calculation of total resistance using series,
parallel and series parallel combinations
o Operation and use of potentiometers and
rheostats
o Operation of Wheatstone Bridge
B)
o Positive and negative temperature coefficient
conductance
o Fixed resistors, stability, tolerance and
limitations, methods of construction
o Variable resistors, thermistors, voltage
dependent resistors
o Construction of potentiometers and rheostats
o Construction of Wheatstone Bridge
5&6
10
Power
o Power, work and energy (kinetic and
potential)
o Dissipation of power by a resistor
o Power formula
o Calculations involving power, work and
energy
8
15
Capacitance / Capacitor
o Operation and function of a capacitor
o Factors affecting capacitance area of plates,
distance between plates, number of plates,
dielectric and dielectric constant, working
voltage, voltage rating
7

17
o Capacitor types, construction and function
o Capacitor colour coding
o Calculations of capacitance and voltage in
series and parallel circuits
o Exponential charge and discharge of a
capacitor, time constants
o Testing of capacitors
15
Magnetism
A)
o Theory of magnetism
o Properties of a magnet
o Action of a magnet suspended in the Earths
magnetic field
o Magnetisation and demagnetisation
o Magnetic shielding
o Various types of magnetic material
o Electromagnets construction and principles
of operation
o Hand clasp rules to determine magnetic field
around current carrying conductor
B)
o Magnetomotive force, field strength,
magnetic flux density, permeability,
hysteresis loop, retentivity, coercive force
reluctance, saturation point, eddy currents
o Precautions for care and storage of magnets
9
20
Inductance / Inductor
o Faradays Law
o Action of inducing a voltage in a conductor
moving in a magnetic field
o Induction principles
o Effects of the following on the magnitude of
an induced voltage; magnetic field strength,
rate of change of flux, number of conductor
turns
o Mutual induction
o The effect the rate of change of primary
current and mutual inductance has on
induced voltage
o Factors affecting mutual inductance, number
of turns in coil, physical size of coil,
10

18
permeability of coil, position of coils with
respect to each other
o Lenzs Law and polarity determining rules
o Back emf, self inductance
o Saturation point
o Principle uses of inductors

References

EASA Part Module 3 Electrical Fundamentals course notes
Pallet, E.H.J ., Aircraft Electrical Systems, Longman
Scientific & Technical, 3
rd
edition 1987 ISBN 0-582-98819-5
Morris, Noel, M., Mastering Electrical Engineering,
Macmillan Master Series, 2
nd
edition 1991 ISBN 9-
780333547229


19

Department
Technical and
Vocational Training
Specialization
Degree
Course Name Air Legislation Course Code AE1319
Prerequisites None
Quarter Number 2
Credit Hours 5
L 4
P 2
Course Description
This course is aimed at equipping students with the
knowledge and understanding of aviation legislation and
safety management necessary to maintain aircraft.

Contact
Hours
(h/w)

T 0
To teach students about the legal framework in which aircraft engineers work.
Behavioural Objectives
1. Describe the regulatory framework of the European aviation industry and explain
the roles and relationships of the organisations within the framework.
2. Describe the relationship between EASA Part 66, Part 145, Part 147 and Part M,
demonstrate a detailed understanding of EASA Part 66 and Part 145 and Part M,
and explain the requirements of J AR-OPS.
3. Describe the regulations documentation and requirements and process associated
with aircraft certification operation and continued airworthiness of commercial
transport aircraft.
4. State and describe the factors that affect human performance in maintenance
engineering, and explain how the factors affect performance and why their
consideration is essential to maintain flight safety.
5. Describe the factors that cause and affect errors, and explain how errors can be
managed and avoided using appropriate reference to error models and theories, and
examples of incidents attributed to human factor errors.
6. Describe the principles and function of Safety Management and Maintenance Error
Management Systems within aircraft engineering maintenance repair organisation
and explain concepts and application of risk analysis.

20
Role of International Civil Aviation Organisation, EASA and Member States.
Relationship between Part 145, Part 66, Part 147 and Part M.
Relationship with other Aviation Authorities.
Detailed understanding of Part 66, Part 145 and Part M.
Air Operators Certificates and responsibilities. Documents to be Carried. Aircraft
Placarding (Markings).
Certification rules; such as EACS 23/25/27/29. Type Certification; Supplemental
Type Certification. Part 21 Design / Production Organisation Approvals.
Certificate of Airworthiness, Certificate of Registration, Noise Certificate, Weight
Schedule, and Radio Station Licence and Approval.
Maintenance Programmes, Maintenance checks and inspections. Master Minimum
Equipment Lists, Minimum Equipment List, Dispatch Deviation Lists.
Airworthiness Directives, Service Bulletins, manufacturers service information.
Modifications and repairs. Maintenance documentation; maintenance manuals,
structural repair manual, illustrated parts catalogue, etc.
Continuing airworthiness. Test flights, ETOPS, maintenance and dispatch
requirements. All Weather Operations, Category 2/3 operations and minimum
equipment requirements.
The need to take human factors into account. Incidents attributable to human
factors/human error. Murphys Law.
Vision, hearing, information processing, attention and perception, memory,
claustrophobia and physical access.
Responsibility; individual and group. Motivation and de-motivation. Peer pressure.
Culture issues. Team working. Management, supervision and leadership.
Fitness/health. Stress; domestic and work related. Time pressure and deadlines.
Workload; overload and underload. Sleep and fatigue, shift work. Alcohol,
medication, drug abuse.
Noise and fumes, illumination, climate and temperature, motion and vibration,
working environment.
Physical work and repetitive tasks. Visual inspection. Complex systems.
Communication within and between teams. Work logging and recording. Keeping up
to date, currency. Dissemination of information.
Error models and theories. Types of error in maintenance tasks. Implications of errors
(e.g. accidents). Avoiding and managing errors.
Recognise everyday hazards, risks, natural and man-made risks, hard and soft risks,
ownership of risk, carry out risk assessments and deal with emergencies.


21

Hours Contents
Behavioral
Objectives
Related
Tasks
12
Regulatory Framework
o Role of International Civil Aviation
Organisation
o Role of EASA
o Role of Member States
o Relationship between Part 145, Part 66,
Part147 and Part M
o Relationship with other Aviation
Authorities
1&2
6
Part 66 Certifying Staff Maintenance
o Detailed understanding of Part 66
1&2&3
6
Part 145 Approved Maintenance
Organisations
o Detailed understanding of Part 145
1&2&3
6
JAR-OPS Commercial Air Transportation
o Air Operators Certificates
o Operators Responsibilities
o Documents to be Carried
o Aircraft Placarding (Markings)
1&2&3

12
Aircraft Certification
A) General
o Certification rules; such as EACS
23/25/27/29
o Type certification
o Supplemental Type Certification
o Part 21 Design/Production Organisation
Approvals
B) Documents
o Certificate of Airworthiness
o Certificate of Registration
o Noise Certificate
o Weight Schedule
o Radio Station Licence and Approval
3
6
Part M
o Detailed understanding of Part M
2&4

22
12
Applicable National and International
Requirements
A)
o Maintenance Programmes, Maintenance
checks and inspections
o Master Minimum Equipment Lists,
Minimum Equipment List, Dispatch
Deviation Lists
o Airworthiness Directive
o Service Bulletins, manufacturers service
information
o Modifications and repairs
o Maintenance documentation, maintenance
manuals, structure repair manual,
illustrated parts catalogue, etc
B)
o Continuing airworthiness
o Test flights
o ETOPS, maintenance and dispatch
requirements
o All Weather Operations, Category 2/3
operations and minimum equipment
requirements
5&6

References
EASA Part Module 10 Aviation Legislation course notes
Civil Aviation Authority (2003) CAP 393 Air navigation;
the order and the regulations
Civil Aviation Authority (2004) CAP 455 Airworthiness
notices
Civil Aviation Authority (2003) CAP 553 BCAR Section A
airworthiness procedures
Civil Aviation Authority (2004) CAP 474 Foreign
airworthiness directives
Civil Aviation Authority (2003) CAP 468 BCAR Section
Licensing aircraft maintenance engineers
Civil Aviation Authority (2007) CAP 747 Mandatory
Requirements for Airworthiness
Civil Aviation Authority (2004) CAP 473 Foreign

23
airworthiness directives Vols 1 and 2 CAA additional
airworthiness directives
Civil Aviation Authority (2002) CAP 520 Light aircraft
maintenance
Civil Aviation Authority (2004) CAP 476 Mandatory
aircraft modifications and inspections summary
J AR 66 Module 9 Human Factors course notes
Civil Aviation Authority (2002) CAP 715 Introduction to
aircraft maintenance engineering human factors for EASA
Part 66
Civil Aviation Authority (2002) CAP 718 Human factors in
aircraft maintenance and inspection
Civil Aviation Authority (2002) CAP 719 Fundamental
human factors concepts


24

Department
Technical Vocational
Training
Specialization
Degree
Course Name Human Factors Course Code AE1320
Prerequisites None
Quarter Number 2
Credit Hours 5
L 4
P 2
Course Description
This course introduces trainees to develop an
understanding of the conditions and requirements
necessary to ensure a safe working environment.

Contact
Hours
(h/w)
T 0
This course teaches trainees the need to take into account the affect that human
factors can attribute to errors in aircraft maintenance.


25
1. Explain the need to consider human factors in aircraft maintenance and describe
the basics of human performance, its limitations and factors that effect it
2. Explain the fundamentals of error models and theories, describe the implications
of errors and explain the methods of avoiding and managing errors.
3. Recognise everyday hazards and risks, deal with minor problems and react
correctly to emergency situations.
4. State the applicable National and International requirements related to civil
aircraft maintenance engineering.
This course is designed to satisfy the basic knowledge requirements for EASA Part
66 Modules 9 and 10 to category A licence level.


26
Hours Contents
Behavioural
Objectives
Related
Tasks
6
General
The need to take human factors into account
o Incidents attribute to human factors/human
error.
o Murphys Law.
1
9
Human Performance and Limitations
o Vision
o Hearing
o Information processing
o Attention and perception
o Memory
o Claustrophobia and physical access
1
6
Social Psychology
o Responsibility: individual and group
o Motivation and de-motivation
o Peer pressure
o Culture issues
o Team working
o Management, supervision and leadership
2&3
6
Factors Affecting Performance
o Fitness/Health
o Stress; domestic and work related
o Time pressure and deadlines
o Workload
o Sleep and fatigue, shiftwork
o Alcohol, medication, drug abuse
2&3
9
Physical Environment
o Noise and fumes
o Illumination
o Climate and temperature
o Motion and vibration
o Working Environment
2&3
6
Tasks
o Physical work
o Repetitive tasks
o Visual inspection
o Complex systems
2&3

27

References
o EASA Part 66 Module 9 Human Factors course notes.
o EASA Part 66 Module 10 Aviation Legislation course
notes

6
Communication
o Within and between teams
o Work logging and recording
o Keeping up to date, currency of records
o Dissemination of information
2&3
6
Human Error
o Error models and theories
o Types of error in maintenance tasks
o Implications of errors
o Avoiding and managing errors
2
6
Hazards in the Workplace
o Recognising and avoiding hazards
o Dealing with emergencies
4

28

Department
Training
Specialization
Technical
Foundation Degree
Course Name AC Electrical Fundamentals Course Code AE1321
Prerequisites AE1313- DC Electrical Fundamentals
Quarter Number 2
Credit Hours 10
L 8
P 4
Course Description
This course teaches students about the fundamentals of
alternating current (AC) electrical engineering and equips
them with the electrical skills and knowledge for
successful completion of the Technical Foundation
Degree.

Contact
Hours
(h/w)

T 1
To equip students with the knowledge and skills necessary to solve electrical
problems likely to be encountered as an engineer in the aviation industry.

29
1. Define the terms and fundamental units used with alternating current electricity
and the relations between them.
2. Perform calculations and make measurements to determine voltage, current and
power in single, two and three phase ac circuits.
3. Describe the production of square and triangular waves.
4. Describe the relationship between voltage and current in L, C and R series and
parallel networks.
5. Describe the relationship between inductance, capacitance, resistance and
impedance in ac circuits. Perform associated calculations and measurements.
6. Describe the relationship between true, reactive and apparent power in ac circuits.
Perform associated calculations and measurements.
7. Describe transformer construction, principles and operating characteristics and
perform associated calculations and measurements.
8. Describe the operation, application and use of filter circuits.
9. Describe the construction, principles and operating characters of ac generators and
motors.
10. Describe the construction, principles and operating characteristics of ac generators
and motors.
Phase, period, frequency, cycle, amplitude. Peak, peak-to-peak, rms, average.
Power factor.
Power transfer, no-load and load conditions, efficiency, dot codes, turns ratio,
reflected impedance, primary and secondary currents, impedance matching,
current transformers, auto transformers.
Low pass, High pass, Bandpass and Bandstop.
Back emf, armature reaction, reactive sparking. Torque, speed, output voltage,
internal resistance. Series, shunt, compound, start-generators. Direction of
rotation.
Waveform production. Rotating armature, rotating Programme, brushless,
permanent magnet. Single, two and three phase. Star and Delta connections,
advantages and uses. Line and Phase voltages and currents.


30
Hours Contents
Behavioural
Objectives
Related
Tasks
25
AC Theory
o Sinusoidal waveform; phase, period,
frequency, cycle
o Instantaneous, average, root mean square,
peak, peak to peak current values and
calculations of these values, in relation to
voltage, current and power
o Triangular / Square waves
o Single / 3 phase principles
1&2&3
20
Resistive (R), Capacitive (C), and Inductive (L)
Circuits
o Phase relationship of voltage and current in
L,, C and R circuits, parallel, series and
series parallel
o Power dissipation in L, C and R circuits
o Impedance, phase angle, power factors and
current calculations
o True power, apparent power and reactive
power calculations
4&5&6
20
Transformers
o Transformer construction principles and
operation
o Transformer losses and methods for
overcoming them
o Transformer action under load and no-load
conditions
o Power transfer, efficiency, polarity markings
o Calculation of line and phase voltages and
currents
o Calculation of power in a three phase system
o Primary and Secondary current, voltage,
turns ratio, power, efficiency
o Auto transformers
7

31
15
Filters
o Operation, application and uses of the
following filters; low pass, high pass, band
pass, band stop
8
20
AC Generators
o Rotation of loop in a magnetic field and
waveform produced
o Operation and construction of revolving
armature and revolving field type AC
generators
o Single phase, two phase and three phase
alternators
o Three phase star and delta connections
advantages and uses
o Permanent Magnet Generators
9
20
AC Motors
o Construction, principles or operation and
characteristics of; AC synchronous and
induction motors both single and polyphase
o Methods of speed control and direction of
rotation
o Methods of producing a rotating field;
capacitor, inductor, shaded or split pole
10

References
EASA Part 66 Module 3 Electrical Fundamentals course
notes.
Morris, N (1991) Mastering Electrical Engineering.
Basingstoke, Macmillan.
Pallet, E.H.J . (1987) Aircraft Electrical Systems. Harlow,
Longman.
Pallet, E.H.J . (1992) Aircraft Instruments and Integrated
Systems. Harlow, Longman.
J eppersen Sanderson Inc (2002) A & P Technician General
Textbook. USA, Englewood, J epperson.
J eppersen Sanderson Inc (2002) A & P Technician Airframe
Textbook. USA, Englewood, J epperson.
Eismin, T (1995) Aircraft Electricity and Electronics. London,
McGraw-Hill
J eppersen Sanderson Inc (2002) Electrical Systems for A & Ps.
USA, Englewood, J epperson.

32

Department
Training
Specialization
Degree
Course Name Electronic Fundamentals Course Code AE2336
Prerequisites
AE0312- Physics
AE1313- DC Electrical Fundamentals
Quarter Number 2
Credit Hours 3
L 2
P 2
Course description
This module will initially discuss the operation and
construction of semiconductor components such as
diodes, transistors and integrated circuits. The module
will then describes PCBs and there uses. The module
then investigates the principle of Servomechanisms, their
construction, operation, uses and the terminology used.

Contact
Hours
(h/w)

T 0
This course introduces the concepts of electronic fundamentals with the theory of
semiconductors, PCBs and servomechanisms.
1. Describe the characteristics, properties and function of diodes
2. Describe the characteristics, properties, construction and function of transistors
3. Describe the characteristics, properties, construction and function of logic circuits and
operational amplifiers.
4. Explain PCBs and there uses.
5. Describe the characteristics, properties, functions, teminology and construction of
Servomechanisms
Semiconductors
Printed Circuit Boards
Servomechanisms


33
Hours Contents
Behavioural
Objectives
Related
Tasks
18
Semiconductors
Diodes

o Diode symbols
o Diode characteristics and properties
o Diodes in series and parallel
o Characteristics and detailed operation of
thyristors, LEDs, photo conductive diode,
varistor rectifier diodes, Zenor diode and
Shottky diode
o Functional testing of diodes
o Diode materials, electron configuration and
electrical properties
o P and N type materials, effects of impurities on
conduction, majority and minority characters
o PN junction in semiconductor, development of a
potential across a PN junction in unbiased,
forward biased and reverse biased conditions
o Diode parameters; peak inverse voltage,
maximum forward current temperature, frequent
leakage current, power dissipation
o Operation and function of diodes in the
following circuits; clippers, clampers, full and
half wave rectifiers, bridge rectifiers, voltage
doublers and triplers
Transistors

o Transistor symbols
o Component description and orientation
o Transistor characteristics and properties
o Construction and operation of PNP and NPN
transistors
o Base, collector and emitter configurations
o Testing of transistors
o Appreciation of other transistor type and their
uses
o Application of transistors; classes of amplifiers
1&2&3

34
o Simple circuits including; bias, decoupling,
feedback and stabilisation
o Multistage circuit principles; cascades, push-
pull, oscillators, multivibrators, flip-flop circuits
Integrated Circuits

o Description and operations of logic circuits and
linear circuits/operational amplifiers
o Introduction to operation and function of an
operational amplifier used as; integrator,
differentiator, voltage follower, comparator
o Operation and amplifier stages connecting
methods; resistive, capacitive inductive,
inductive resistive, direct
o Advantages and disadvantages of positive and
negative feedback

6
Printed Circuit Boards
o Description and use of printed circuit boards

4
6
Servomechanisms
o Understanding of the following terms; Open and
closed loop, follow up, analogue transducers
o Principles of construction, operation and uses of
the following synchro system
components/features; resolvers, differential,
control and torque, E and I transformers,
inductance and capacitance transmitters and
synchronous transmitters
o Understanding of the following terms; Open and
closed loop, follow up, servomechanism,
analogue, transducer, null, damping, feedback
deadband
o Servomechanism defects, reversal of sychro
leads, hunting

5


35
References
EASA Part 66 Module 4 Electronic Fundamentals course
notes.
EASA Part 66 Module 5 Digital Techniques and Electronic
Instrument Systems course notes.
J eppesen Sanderson Inc (2001) Basic electronics and radio
installation USA, Englewood J epperson
J eppesen Sanderson Inc (2002) A&P technician general
textbook, USA, Englewood , J epperson
J eppesen Sanderson Inc (2002) A&P technician airframe
textbook. USA, Englewood, J epperson
Floyd, T (2003) Digital fundamentals USA, Upper Saddle
River, Prentice Hall
Eismin, T (1995) Aircraft electricity & electronics. London,
McGraw-Hill


36

Department
Training
Specialization
Technical
Foundation Degree
Course Name Materials and Hardware Course Code AE1316
Prerequisites AE0312
Quarter Number 3
Credit Hours 10
L 8
P 4
Course Description
This course introduces students to the properties,
characteristics and applications of aircraft engineering
materials and hardware, discussing how to identify
them.

Contact
Hours
(h/w)
T 1
To teach students about engineering materials, fundamentals of corrosion and the
properties, characteristics and uses of different types of aircraft hardware and how to
identify them.

37
1. Describe the characteristics, properties and applications of common ferrous and
non-ferrous metals in aircraft engineering.
2. Describe the heat treatments used on ferrous and non-ferrous metals used in
aircraft engineering and methods of testing the metals
3. Identify ferrous and non-ferrous metals used in aircraft engineering.
4. Describe the characteristics, properties and identification of common composite
and non-metallic materials, sealants and bonding agents used in aircraft
engineering.
5. Explain how defects are identified and repaired in composite materials and be able
to identify defects.
6. Describe the chemical fundamentals of corrosion. Describe and identify different
types of corrosion and explain how corrosion damage can be prevented,
reduced.
7. Describe the types, materials, characteristics and applications of aircraft fasteners
and be able to identify different types.
8. Describe the types, materials, applications of aircraft pipes and their connectors
and unions, and be able to identify different types.
9. Describe the types, materials, characteristics and applications of springs in aircraft
engineering.
10. Describe the purpose, loads, material and construction of bearings used in aircraft
engineering.
11. Describe the types and applications of aircraft transmissions.
12. Describe the types of cables and associated equipment and fittings used in aircraft
control systems.
13. Describe types, construction and characteristics of aircraft electrical cables and
connectors.

38
Testing of hardness, tensile strength, fatigue strength and impact resistance.
Material types and susceptibility to corrosion. Formation of corrosion by galvanic
action, microbiological process and stress.
Screw threads; screw nomenclature, thread forms, dimensions and tolerances,
standard aviation types, measuring screw threads.
Bolt types; specifications, identification, markings, international standards.
Nuts; self locking, anchor, standard types. Machine screws aircraft
specifications.
Studs; insertion, removal. Self tapping screws, dowels.
Tab and spring washers, locking plates, split pins, pal-nuts, wire locking, quick
release fasteners, keys, circlips, cotter pins.
Solid rivets, blind rivets, heat treatment, specifications.
Gear types, ratios, reduction, multiplication, driven and driving, idler, mesh
patterns. Belts, pulleys, chains and sprockets.
Standard aviation cable types, high tension, co-axial. Connector types; pins,
sockets, insulators, current and voltage rating, coupling, identification.


39

Hours Contents
Behavioural
Objectives
Related
Tasks
12
Aircraft Materials - Ferrous
A)
o Characteristics, properties and
identification of common alloy steels used
in aircraft.
o Heat treatment and application of alloy
steels.
B)
o Testing of ferrous materials for hardness,
tensile strength, fatigue strength and
impact resistance.
1&2&3
12
Aircraft Materials Non-Ferrous
A)
identification of common non-ferrous
materials used in aircraft.
o Heat treatment and application of non-
ferrous materials.
B)
o Testing of non-ferrous material for
hardness, tensile strength, fatigue strength
and impact resistance.
1&2&3
20
Aircraft Materials Composite and Non-
Metallic
A)
identification of common composite and
non-metallic materials, other than wood,
used on aircraft.
o Sealant and bonding agents.
B)
o The detection of defects/deterioration in
composite and non-metallic material.
o Construction methods of wooden airframe
structures.
o Characteristics, properties and types of
4&5

40
wood and glue used in aeroplanes.
o Preservation and maintenance of wooden
structure.
o Types of defects in wood material and
wooden structure;
o Repair of wooden structure.
o Characteristics, properties and types of
fabrics used in aeroplanes.
o Inspections methods for fabric.
o Types of defects in fabric.
o Repair of fabric covering.
12
Corrosion
A)
o Chemical fundamentals.
o Formation by, galvanic action process,
microbiological stress.
B)
o Types of corrosion and their
identification.
o Causes of corrosion.
o Material types, susceptibility to corrosion.
6
24
Fasteners
o Screw threads; screw nomenclature.
o Thread forms, dimensions and tolerances
for standard threads used in aircraft.
o Measuring screw threads.
o Bolt types, specification, identification
and marking of aircraft bolts, international
standards.
o Nuts; self locking, anchor, standard types.
o Machine screws; aircraft specifications.
o Studs; types and uses, insertion and
removal.
o Self tapping screws, dowels.
o Tab and spring washers, locking plates,
split pins, pal-nuts, wire locking, quick
release fasteners, keys, circlips, cotter
pins.
o Types of solid and blind rivets,
specifications and identification, heat
treatment.
7

41
6
Pipes and Unions
o Identification of, and types of rigid and
flexible pipes and their connectors used in
aircraft.
o Standard unions for aircraft hydraulic,
fuel, oil, pneumatic and air system pipes.
8
6
Springs
o Types of springs, materials, characteristics
and applications.
9
6
Bearings
o Purpose of bearings, loads, material,
construction.
o Types of bearings and their application.
10
6
Transmissions
o Gear types and their application.
o Gear ratios, reduction and multiplication
gear systems, driven and driving gears,
idler gears, mesh patterns.
o Belts and pulleys, chains and sprockets.
11
8
Control Cables
o Types of cables.
o End fittings, turnbuckles and
compensation devices.
o Pulleys and cable system components.
o Bowden cables.
o Aircraft flexible control systems.
12
8
Electrical Cables and Connectors
o Cable types, construction and
characteristics.
o High tension and co-axial cables.
o Crimping.
o Connector types, pins, plugs, sockets,
insulators, current and voltage rating,
coupling, identification codes.
12&13


42

References
J AR 66 Module 6 Materials and Hardware course notes.
Federal Aviation Administration (1998) Advisory Circular AC
43.13 1B with CHANGE 1, AC 43.13 2A Combines
acceptable methods, techniques and practices aircraft
inspection and repair USA, Englewood, J epperson.
J epperson Sanderson Inc (2002) A & P Technician General
textbook. USA, Englewood, J epperson.
J epperson Sanderson Inc (2002) A & P Technician Airframe
textbook. USA, Englewood, J epperson.
Eismin, T (1995) Aircraft electricity and electronics. London,
McGraw-Hill.


43

Department
Training
Specialization
Technical
Foundation
Degree
Course Name Maintenance Practices A & B Course Code AE1317
Prerequisites AE1321- AC Electrical Fundamentals
Quarter
Number
3 4
Credit Hours 21 18
L 21 0
P 0 36
Course description
This course provides students with the necessary
information to select and use the appropriate
information, tools and equipment to effectively carry out
aircraft maintenance tasks. It is delivered over both
years to enable the practical element improve with
experience.

Contact
Hours
(h/w)

T 2 0
To enable the student to work safely and effectively on aircraft by adopting good
working practices, following approved theoretical and practical methods, procedures
and processes.

44
1. Explain the precautions to be taken when working with electricity, gasses,
especially oxygen, oils and chemicals, work safely with them and explain the
action to be taken in the event of fire or other accident involving them.
2. Explain the function, construction, care, control and use of common tool and
equipment and use them correctly, effectively and safely.
3. Use workshop materials and complete tasks to high standards with attention paid
to dimensions, allowances and tolerances.
4. Interpret engineering drawings and diagrams in a variety of formats and produced
to different standards and produce simple engineering drawings.
5. Describe the terms fits, clearances and limits in relation to aircraft, engines and
aircraft equipment and describe standard methods for checking shafts, bearings
and other parts.
6. Describe and carry out tests and checks on standard aircraft cables, co-axial
cables, cable connectors and wiring installations and explain any precautions
to be observed when carrying out tests and checks.
7. Explain and perform connector assembly and disassembly, including pin insertion
and removal and describe cable looming techniques, types of cable support and
forms cable protection.
8. Perform inspections and tests on crimped and soldered joints.
9. Explain the need for weight and balance calculations and perform weight and
balance and centre of gravity calculations using relevant documents.
10. Describe and safely perform aircraft handling maintenance and storage.
11. Describe the effects of environmental conditions on aircraft storage and handling.
12. Describe and perform inspections, tests, trouble shooting, disassembly, and
assembly and repair techniques.
13. Describe and understand maintenance procedures and documentation associated
with the maintenance of aircraft.

45
Common hand tools, power tools, crimping tools, soldering equipment and
methods, lubrication equipment and general test equipment. Calibration
of tools and equipment and calibration standards. Calibrated tools and
precision measuring equipment. General avionic test equipment digital
and analogue multimeters, bonding tester, insulation resistance tester,
capacitance meter, safety ohmmeter.
Drawing types, symbols, dimensions, tolerances, projections. Title block
information. Microfilm, microfiche and computerised presentations.
ATA Specification 100. Aeronautical and other standards including ISO,
AN, MS, NAS and MIL. Wiring diagrams, schematic diagrams.
Classes of fit, common systems of fits and clearances, schedule of fits and
clearances. Limits for bow, twist and wear.
Continuity, insulation resistance, boding, functional. AMP, ERMA, hydraulic,
AF8 and other crimping tools. Millivolt-drop-test, tensile pull-off
testing, co-axial connectors, clamps, anchors, p-clips, tie-wraps, efwrap,
heatshrink, spiwrap.
CofG / balance limits calculations.
Taxiing, towing, jacking, chocking, securing, refuelling, defuelling, anti-icing, de-
icing. Aircraft storage methods. Connection of electrical, hydraulic and
pneumatic ground supplies. ALL associated safety precautions.
Types of defect and visual inspection techniques. Inspection of crimped and
soldered joints. Corrosion removal, assessment and re-protection. Non-
destructive inspection techniques, visual, penetrant, radiographic, eddy
current, ultrasonic and boroscope. Abnormal event inspections, lighting
strikes and HIRF penetration.
Maintenance planning, modification procedures, stores procedures,
certification/release procedures, interfaces with aircraft operation.
Maintenance inspection, quality control, quality assurance. Additional
maintenance procedures.
Control of life limited components.


46

Hours Contents
Behavioural
Objectives
Related
Tasks
12
Safety Precautions Aircraft and Workshop
o Aspects of safe working practices including
precautions to take when working with
electricity, gases especially oxygen, oils and
chemicals.
o Also, instruction in the remedial action to be
taken in the event of a fire or another
accident with one or more of these hazards
including knowledge on extinguishing
agents.
1
45
Workshop Practices
o Care of tools, control of tools, use of
workshop materials.
o Dimensions, allowances and tolerances,
standards of workmanship.
o Calibration of tools and equipment,
calibration standards.
2&3
20
Tools
o Common hand tools.
o Common power tools.
o Operation and use of precision measuring
tools.
o Lubrication equipment and methods.
o Operation, function and use of electrical
general test equipment.
2
20
Avionic General Test Equipment
o Operation, function and use of avionic
general test equipment.
6
45
Engineering Drawings, Diagrams and Standards
o Drawing types and diagrams, their symbols,
dimensions, tolerances and projections.
o Identifying title block information.
o Microfilm, microfiche and computerised
presentations.
o Specification 100 of the Air Transport
Association (ATA) of America.
4

47
o Aeronautical and other applicable standards
including ISO, AN, MS, NAS and MIL.
o Wiring diagrams and schematic diagrams.
20
Fits and Clearances
o Drill sizes for bolt holes, classes of fits.
o Common system of fits and clearances.
o Schedule of fits and clearances for aircraft
and engines.
o Limits for bow, twist and wear.
o Standard methods for checking shafts,
bearings and other parts.
3&5
45
Electrical Cables and Connectors
o Continuity, insulation and bonding
techniques and testing.
o Use of crimp tools, hand and hydraulic
operated.
o Testing of crimp joints.
o Connector pin removal and insertion.
o Co-axial cables; testing and installation
precautions.
o Wiring protection techniques. Cable looming
and loom support, cable clamps, protective
sleeving techniques including heat shrink
wrapping, shielding.
6&7&8
12
Riveting
o Riveted joints, rivet spacing and pitch.
o Tools used for riveting and dimpling.
o Inspection of riveted joints.
12
12
Pipes and Hoses
o Bending and belling/flaring aircraft pipes.
o Inspection and testing of aircraft pipes and
hoses.
o Installation and clamping of pipes.
12
12
Springs
o Inspection and testing of springs.
12
12
Bearings
o Testing, cleaning and inspection of bearings.
o Lubrication requirements of bearings.
o Defects in bearings and their causes.
12
12
Transmissions
o Inspection of gears, backlash.
12

48
o Inspection of belts and pulleys, chains and
sprockets.
o Inspection of screw jacks, lever devices,
push-pull rod systems.
12
Control Cables
o Swaging of end fittings.
o Inspection and testing of control cables.
o Bowden cables, aircraft flexible control
systems.
12
20
Material Handling
B) Sheet Metal
o Marking out and calculation of bend
allowance.
o Sheet metal working, including bending and
forming.
o Inspection of sheet metal work.
C) Composite and Non-Metallic
o Bonding practices.
o Environmental conditions.
o Inspection methods.
3&11
20
Welding, Brazing, Soldering and Bonding
o Soldering methods, inspection of soldered
joints.
o Welding and brazing methods.
o Inspection of welded and brazed joints.
o Bonding methods and inspection of bonded
joints.
8
20
Aircraft Weight and Balance
o Centre of Gravity/Balance limits calculation;
use of relevant documents.
o Preparation of aircraft for weighing.
o Aircraft weighing.
9
40
Aircraft Handling and Storage
o Aircraft taxiing/towing and associated safety
precautions.
o Aircraft jacking, chocking, securing and
associated safety precautions.
o Aircraft storage methods.
o Refuelling/defueling procedures.
o De-icing/anti-icing procedures.
o Electrical, hydraulic and pneumatic ground
10&11

49
supplies.
o Effects of environmental conditions on
aircraft handling and operation.
130
Disassembly, Inspection, Repair and Assembly
Techniques
o Types of defects and visual inspection
techniques.
o Corrosion removal, assessment and re-
protection.
o General repair methods, Structural Repair
Manual.
o Ageing, fatigue and corrosion control
programmes.
o Non-destructive inspection techniques
including, penetrant, radiographic, eddy
current, ultrasonic and boroscope methods.
o Disassembly and re-assembly techniques.
o Trouble shooting techniques.
7&12
20
Abnormal Events
o Inspections following lighting strikes and
HIRF penetration.
o Inspections following abnormal events such
as heavy landings and flight through
turbulence.
12&13
40
Maintenance Procedures
o Maintenance planning.
o Modification procedures.
o Stores procedures.
o Certification/release procedures.
o Interface with aircraft operations.
o Maintenance inspection/quality
control/assurance.
o Additional maintenance procedures.
o Control of life limited components.
13


50

References
J AR 66 Module 7 Maintenance Practices course notes.
Aircraft Maintenance Manuals, structural repair manuals
and troubleshooting manuals.
Federal Aviation Administration (1998) Advisory Circular
AC 43.13 1B with CHANGE 1, AC 43.13 2A
Combined acceptable methods, techniques, and practices
aircraft inspection and repair USA, Englewood,
J epperson.
J epperson Sanderson Inc (2002) A & P Technician
General Textbook, USA Englewood, J epperson.
J epperson Sanderson Inc (2002) A & P Technician
Airframe Textbook, USA Englewood, J epperson.
Eismin, T (1995) Aircraft Electricity & Electronics,
London, McGraw-Hill.
Pallet, E.H.J . (1987) Aircraft Electrical systems, Harlow,
Longman.


51
Department
Training
Specialization
Degree
Course Name Digital Fundamentals Course Code AE2337
Prerequisites AE1321- AC Electrical Fundamentals
Quarter Number 5
Credit Hours 10
L 8
P 4
Course Description
This course will teach students the fundamentals of
electronic engineering and introduce them to digital and
computing terminology and techniques.

Contact
Hours
(h/w)

T 1
To introduce students to typical electronic, digital and computing components,
equipment and systems found on modern large commercial jet aircraft.

52
1. Describe typical systems arrangements and cockpit layouts of electronic
instruments systems and explain the principles of operation of CRTs, LCDs
and displays employing LEDs.
2. Convert between different numbering systems.
3. Define analogue and digital data and explain how data is converted from one
format to another.
4. Describe the operations of data buses in aircraft systems and have knowledge of
ARINC and other specifications.
5. Identify common logic gate symbols, tables and equivalent circuits, state their
applications in aircraft systems and interpret logic diagrams.
6. Describe the technology of basic computers using appropriate terminology as
applied in aircraft systems.
7. Describe the functions and operations of microprocessors, control and processing
unit, clock, register and arithmetic logic unit.
8. Describe the operation and uses for encoders and decoders and uses for the
different sizes of integrated circuits.
9. Discuss the operation, application and identification in logic diagrams of
multiplexers and demultiplexers.
10. Describe the layout and components, and explain the operation of typical wire
and fibre optic data transmission systems on aircraft.
11. Discuss the principles of operation of common displays used in modern aircraft
to include cathode ray tubes, LEDs, LCDs.
12. Describe the catastrophic effects that can be caused by unapproved changes to
software programmes.
13. Discuss phenomena that can affect maintenance practices for electronic systems
to include EMC, EMI, HIRF and lighting. Also the need for special handling
of components sensitive to electrostatic discharges and the risks and damage
that can be caused.
14. Describe the arrangement, layout and built-in-test-equipment (BITE) testing of
typical aircraft electronic and digital systems. To include ACARS-ARINC,
ECAM, EFIS, EICAS, FBW, FMS, GPS, IRS and TCAS.

53
Electronic instrument systems and cockpit instrument layouts and operation of
CRTs, LCDs and displays using LEDs
Binary, Octal and hexadecimal numbering systems and conversion between them.
Various types of A to D and D to A convertors, inputs outputs and limitations.
ARINC.
Common logic gate symbols, tables and equivalent circuits. Aircraft applications,
schematic diagrams.
Computer terminology (including bit, byte, software, hardware, CPU, IC and
various memory devices such as RAM, ROM and PROM). Computer
technology as applied to aircraft systems.
Microprocessors functions and operations, for processing unit, clock, register,
arithmetic logic unit.
Operation and uses for encoders and decoders and the uses for medium, large and
very large scale integration.
Operation, application and identification in logic diagrams of multiplexers and
demultiplexers.
Special handling of components sensitive to electrostatic discharge and the
awareness of the risks and damage that can be caused.
Advantages and disadvantages of fibre optic data transmission. Fibre optic related
terms, terminations, couplers, control terminals, remote terminals,
aircraft applications.
Cathode Ray Tube (CRRT), Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) and Liquid Crystal
Displays (LCDs).
Software management control restrictions, airworthiness requirements and
possible catastrophic effects of unapproved changes to software
programmes.
Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC), Electromagnetic Interference (EMI), High
Intensity Radiated Programme (HIRF) and lightning/lightning
protection.
General arrangement of typical electronic/digital aircraft systems and associated
BITE. BITE testing such as ACARS-ARINC, ECAM, EFIS, EICAS,
fly-by-wire, Flight Management System, Global Positioning System,
Inertial Reference System and Traffic Alert Collision Avoidance
System.


54

Hours Contents
Behavioural
Objectives
Related
Tasks
9
Electronic Instrument Systems
o Typical systems arrangements and cockpit
layout of electronic instrument system.
1
6
Numbering Systems
o Numbering systems; binary, octal and
hexadecimal.
o Demonstration of conversions between the
decimal and binary, octal and hexadecimal
systems and vice versa.
2
6
Data Conversion
o Analogue data, Digital data.
o Operation and application of analogue to
digital, and digital to analogue converters,
inputs and outputs, limitations of various
types.
3
6
Data Buses
o Operation of data buses in aircraft systems,
including knowledge of ARINC and other
specifications
4
6
Logic Circuits
o Identification of common logic gate
symbols, tables and equivalent circuits.
o Applications used for aircraft systems,
schematic diagrams.
o Interpretation of logic diagrams.
5
12
Basic Computer Structure
o Computer terminology (including bit, byte,
software, hardware, CPU, IC and various
memory devices such as RAM, ROM,
PROM).
o Computer technology (as applied in aircraft
systems).
o Computer related terminology.
o Operation, layout and interface of the major
multiaddress instruction words.
o Memory associated terms.
6

55
o Operation of typical memory devices.
o Operation, advantages and disadvantages of
the various data storage systems.
6
Microprocessors
o Functions performed and overall operation
of a microprocessor.
o Basic operation of each of the following
microprocessor elements; control and
processing unit, clock, register, arithmetic
logic unit.
7
6
Integrated Circuits
o Operation and use of encoders and
decoders.
o Function of encoder types.
o Uses of medium, large and very large scale
integration.
8
6
Multiplexing
o Operation, application and identification in
logic diagrams of multiplexers and
demultiplexers.
9
12
Fibre Optics
o Advantages and disadvantages of fibre optic
data transmission over electrical wire
propagation.
o Fibre optic data bus.
o Fibre optic related terms.
o Terminations.
o Couplers, control terminals, remote
terminals.
o Application of fibre optics in aircraft
systems.
10
12
Electronic Displays
o Principles of operation of common types of
displays used in modern aircraft, including;
o Cathode Ray Tubes, Light Emitting Diodes
and Liquid Crystal Display.
11
3
Electrostatic Sensitive Devices
o Special handling of components sensitive to
electrostatic discharges.
o Awareness of risks and possible damage, to
components and personnel anti-static
13

56
protection devices.
6
Software Management Control
o Awareness of restrictions, airworthiness
requirements and possible catastrophic
effects of unapproved changes to software
programmes.
12
12
Electromagnetic Environment
o Influence of the following phenomena on
maintenance practices for electronic system.
o EMC Electromagnetic Compatibility.
o EMI Electromagnetic Interference.
o HIRF High Intensity Radiated Field.
o Lightning/lightning protection.
13
12
Typical Electronic/Digital Aircraft Systems
General arrangement of typical electronic/digital
aircraft systems and associated BITE
o ACARS-ARINC Communication and
Addressing and Reporting System.
o ECAM-Electronic Centralised Aircraft
Monitoring
o EFIS-Electronic Flight Instrument System
o EICAS-Engine Induction and Crew
Alerting System
o FBW-Fly by Wire
o FMS-Flight Management System
o GPS-Global Positioning System
o IRS-Interial Reference System
o TCAS-Traffic Alert Collision Avoidance
System

14


57

References
EASA Part 66 Module 4 Electronic Fundamentals course
notes.
EASA Part 66 Module 5 Digital Techniques and Electronic
Instrument Systems course notes.
J eppesen Sanderson Inc (2001) Basic electronics and radio
installation USA, Englewood J epperson
J eppesen Sanderson Inc (2002) A&P technician general
textbook, USA, Englewood , J epperson
J eppesen Sanderson Inc (2002) A&P technician airframe
textbook. USA, Englewood, J epperson
Floyd, T (2003) Digital fundamentals USA, Upper Saddle
River, Prentice Hall
Eismin, T (1995) Aircraft electricity & electronics. London,
McGraw-Hill


58

Department
Training
Specialization
Degree
Course Name Aerodynamics Course Code AE1324
Prerequisites AE0312- Physics
Quarter Number 5
Credit Hours 10
L 8
P 4
Course description
This module will initially establish the need for a
standard atmosphere (ISA) and describes the
properties of the atmosphere as applicable to
aerodynamics. The module will describe the
airflow around a body and the generation of lift
and drag, quoting relevant terms and formulae and
performing calculations.
Contact
Hours

T 1
This course introduces the concepts of aerodynamics, the theory of flight of heavier than
air vehicles and flight stability.


59

10. Describe the properties of the Earths atmosphere and the international Standard
Atmosphere, relate the two, and explain the need for standard atmospheres and their
application to aerodynamics.
11. Investigate the factors that affect the airflow around a body, explain the need for
standard atmospheres and their application to aerodynamics.
12. Explain terms lift, weight, thrust and drag the factors that affect them and the
relationships between them. Discuss the generation of lift, the effects of aerofoil
contamination and explain the use and operation of lift augmentation devices.
13. Explain the theory of a turn taking into account factors that can affect it.
14. Demonstrate an in-depth understanding of longitudinal, lateral and directional flight
stability and of the design features incorporated to provide stability.
15. Describe and define typical aerodynamic terms, cite examples and select and use
appropriate formulae where necessary.
16
Physics of the Atmosphere
Aerodynamics
Theory of Flight
Flight Stability and Dynamics


60

Hours Contents
Behavioural
Objectives
Related
Tasks
10
Physics of the Atmosphere
o Temperature and pressure lapse rates.
o Density and the Terminology used.
1
40
Aerodynamics
o Airflow around a body
o Boundary layer, laminar and turbulent flow, free
stream flow, relative airflow, upwash and
downwash, vortices, stagnation.
o The terms camber, chord, mean aerodynamic
chord, profile (parasite) drag , induced drag,
centre of pressure, angle of attack, wash-in and
wash out, fineness ratio, wing shape and aspect
ratio. Thrust, weight, aerodynamic resultant.
o Thrust, Weight, Aerodynamic Resultant
o Generation of Lift and Drag, Angle of Attack,
Lift coefficient, Drag coefficient, Drag
coefficient, polar curve, stall.
o Aerofoil contamination including ice, snow,
frost.
2&3
40
Theory of Flight
o Relationship between lift, weight, thrust and
drag.
o Glide ratio
o Steady state flights, performance
o Theory of the turn
o Influence of load factor, stall, flight envelope
and structural limitations
o Lift augmentation

3&4

61
30
Flight Stability and Dynamics
o Longitudinal, lateral and directional stability
(active and passive)
o Changing the general appearance of the form,
adding texts and fields on the screen for
displaying data and changing the colours
o Specify and change the properties for each
object in the form
5&6

References
EASA Part 66 Module 8 Aerodynamics course notes
Anderson, J (2001) Fundamentals of aerodynamics London,
McGraw-Hill
Anderson, J (2000) Introduction to flight Harlow, Pearson
Prentice-Hall
Barnard, RH. (2004) Aircraft flight Harlow, Pearson Prentice-
Hall
Kermode, A.C. (1996) Mechanics of flight Harlow, Longmans


62

Department Technical Vocational Training Specialization
Technical
Foundation Degree
Course Name
Piston Aeroplane Aerodynamics,
Structure and Systems
Course Code **AE2338
Prerequisites AE2318- Maintenance Practices
Quarter
Number
6 7
Credit Hours 24 7
L 24 0
P 0 14
Course Description
This module first discusses the operation and effect
of primary and secondary aircraft controls, wing
fences and boundary layer control. The system
layout, operation and warning devices used in both
the air conditioning and cabin pressurisation
systems are discussed in detail.

Contact
Hours
(h/w)

T 1 0
To consolidate and develop the general and fundamental aircraft engineering modules
taught in the earlier parts of the course by examining the components, system layout and
operation of aircraft systems.


63
1. Demonstrate an in depth knowledge of the theory of flight associated with large
commercial jet aircraft, and explain the operation and effects of control surfaces and
airfoil devices using appropriate technology.
2. Demonstrate an in depth knowledge of the general concepts behind aircraft
structures and construction methods, and describe the construction of typical aircraft
fuselages, wings, stabilisers, flight control surfaces and nacelles/pylons and explain
factors considered in their design.
3. Describe the fundamentals of system layout, and basic operation of typical Auto-
Flight (ATA 22), Communications (ATA 23), and Navigation (ATA 34) systems.
4. Explain emergency equipment requirements and describe typical aircraft
equipment and furnishings (ATA25) and portable fire extinguisher equipment.
5. Describe the typical components and equipment found in aircraft Instrument
Systems (ATA31) and On board Maintenance Systems (ATA45), describe typical
system layouts , and explain the operation of the systems .
6. Demonstrate an in-depth knowledge of the components and systems and produce
simple drawings/schematics of typical systems.
7. Air Conditioning and Cabin Pressurisation (ATA21)
8. Flight Controls (ATA27)
9. Fuel Systems (ATA28)
Hydraulic Power (ATA29)
Landing Gear (ATA32)
Oxygen (ATA35)
Pneumatic/Vacuum (ATA36)
Waste and Water (ATA38)
Electrical Power (ATA24)
Lights (ATA33)
Fire protection (ATA26)
Ice and Rain protection (ATA30)
10. Demonstrate an understanding of the operation of the aircraft systems listed in 5
above sufficient to enable fault identification, analysis and diagnosis, and fault
rectification.
11. Make use of a variety of information sources, apply a logical, analytical approach
to fault diagnosis, and communicate technical information both orally and in the
form of written technical reports


64
Theory of Flight
Airframe Structures - General Concepts
Airframe Structures Aeroplanes
Air Conditioning and Cabin Pressurisation (ATA 21)
Instrument/Avionic Systems
Electrical Power
Equipment and Furnishings
Fire Protection
Flight Controls (ATA 27)
Fuel Systems (ATA 28)
Hydraulic Power (ATA 29)
Ice and Rain Protection (ATA 30)
Landing Gear (ATA 32)
Lights (ATA 33)
Oxygen (ATA 35)
Pneumatic/Vacuum (ATA 36)
Water/Waste (ATA 38)
On Board Maintenance Systems (ATA 45)


65

Hours Contents
Behavioural
Objectives
Related
Tasks
24
Theory of Flight
o Aeroplane Aerodynamics and Flight
Controls
o Operation and effect of:
o roll control: ailerons and spoilers;
o pitch control: elevators, stabilators, variable
incidence stabilisers and canards;
o yaw control, rudder limiters;
o Control using elevons, ruddervators;
o High lift devices, slots, slats, flaperons;
o Drag inducing devices, spoilers, lift
dumpers, speed brakes;
o Effect of wing fences, saw tooth leading
edges;
o Boundary layer control using vortex
generators, stall wedges or leading edge
devices;
o Operation and effect of trim tabs, balance
and antibalance (leading) tabs, servo tabs,
spring tabs, mass balance, control surface
bias, aerodynamic balance panels;
o High Speed Flight
o Speed of sound, subsonic flight, transonic
flight,
o Mach number, critical Mach number,
compressibility buffet, shock wave,
aerodynamic heating, area rule;
o Factors affecting airflow in engine intakes
of high speed aircraft;
o Effects of sweepback on critical Mach
number

1

66
36
Airframe Structures General Concepts
o Airworthiness requirements for structural
strength;
o Structural classification, primary, secondary
and tertiary;
o Fail safe, safe life, damage tolerance
concepts;

o Stress, strain, bending, compression, shear,
torsion, tension, hoop stress, fatigue;
o Drains and ventilation provisions;
o System installation provisions;
o Lightning strike protection provision
o Aircraft bonding
o Construction methods of: stressed skin
fuselage, formers, stringers, longerons,
bulkheads, frames, doublers, struts, ties,
beams, floor structures, reinforcement,
methods of skinning, anti-corrosive
protection, wing, empennage and engine
attachments;
o Structure assembly techniques: riveting,
bolting, bonding;
o Methods of surface protection, such as
chromating, anodising, painting;
o Surface cleaning
o Airframe symmetry: methods of alignment
and symmetry checks.

2

67
30
Airframe Structures - Aeroplanes
o Fuselage (ATA 52/53/56)
o Construction and pressurisation sealing;
o Wing, stabiliser, pylon and undercarriage
o Seat installation and cargo loading system;
o Doors and emergency exits: construction,
mechanisms, operation and safety devices;
o Windows and windscreen construction and
mechanisms.
o Wings
o Construction;
o Fuel storage;
o Landing gear, pylon, control surface and
high lift/drag attachments.
o Stabilisers
o Construction;
o Control surface attachment
o Flight Control Surfaces (ATA 55/57)
o Balancing mass and aerodynamic
2
6
Nacelles/pylons (ATA54)
o Construction
o Firewalls;
o Engine mounts.
2

68
80
Air Conditioning and Cabin Pressurisation
(ATA 21)
o Air supply
o Sources of air supply including engine
bleed, APU and ground cart;
o Air Conditioning
o Air conditioning systems;
o Air cycle and vapour cycle machines;
o Distribution systems;
o Flow temperature and humidity control
system
o Pressurisation
o Pressurisation Systems
o Control and indication including control
and safety valves;
o Cabin pressure controllers
o Safety and warning devices
o Protection and warning devices.

7

69

36
Instrument/Avionic Systems
Instrument Systems (ATA 31)
o Pitot static: altimeter, air speed indicator,
vertical speed indicator;
o Gyroscopic: artificial horizon, altitude
director, direction indicator, horizontal
situation indicator, turn and slip indicator,
turn coordinator
o Compasses: direct reading, remote reading
o Angle of attack indication, stall warning
systems
o Other aircraft system indication
Avionic Systems
Fundamentals of system lay-outs and operation of;
o Autoflight (ATA 22)
o Communications (ATAS 23)
o Navigation Systems (ATA 34)

5&10

12
Electrical Power (ATA 24)
o Batteries Installation and Operation
o DC power generation
o AC power generation
o Emergency power generation
o Voltage regulation
o Power distribution
o Inverters, transformers, rectifiers
o Circuit protection
o External/Ground Power

9

12
Equipment and Furnishings (ATA 25)
o Emergency equipment requirements
o Seat harness and belts
o Cabin lay-out
o Equipment lay-out
o Cabin Furnishing Installation
o Cabin entertainment equipment
o Galley installation
o Cargo handling and retention equipment
o Airstairs

4


70

12
Fire Protection (ATA 26)
o Fire and smoke detection and warning
systems
o Fire extinguisher systems
o System test
o Portable fire extinguisher

9&4

36
Flight Controls (ATA 27)
Primary controls: aileron, elevator, rudder,
spoiler
o Trim control
o Active load control
o High lift devices
o Lift dump, speed brakes
o System operation: manual, hydraulic,
pneumatic, electrical, fly by wire
o System operation: manual, hydraulic,
pneumatic, electrical, fly by wire
o Artificial feel, Yaw damper, Mach trim,
rudder limiter, gust lock systems
o Balancing and rigging
o Stall protection/warning system

8

12
Fuel Systems (ATA 28)
o System lay-out
o Hydraulic fluids
o Hydraulic reservoirs and accumulators
o Pressure generation: electric, mechanical,
pneumatic

9

12
Hydraulic Power (ATA 29)
o System lay out
o Hydraulic fluids
o Hydraulic reservoirs and accumulators
o Pressure generation: electric, mechanical,
pneumatic
o Emergency pressure generation
o Pressure Control
o Power distribution
o Indication and warning systems
o Interface with other systems

9


71

12
Ice and Rain Protection (ATA 30)
o Ice formation, classification and detection
o Anti-icing systems: electrical, hot air and
chemical
o De-icing systems: electrical , hot air and
chemical
o Rain repellent
o Probe and drain heating
o Wiper systems

9

12
Landing Gear (ATA 32)
o Construction, shock absorbing
o Extension and retraction systems: normal
and emergency
o Indications and warning
o Wheels, brakes, antiskid and autobraking
o Tyres
o Steering

9

12
Lights (ATA 33)
o External: navigation, anti-collision, landing,
taxing, ice
o Internal: cabin, cockpit, cargo
o Emergency

9

12
Oxygen (ATA 35)
o System lay-out: cockpit, cabin
o Sources, storage, charging and distribution
o Supply regulation
o Indications and warnings

9

12
Pneumatic/Vacuum (ATA 36)
o System lay-out
o Sources: engine / APU compressors,
reservoirs, ground supply
o Pressure control
o Distribution
o Indications and warnings
o Interfaces with other systems

9


72

6
Water/Waste (ATA 38)
o Water system lay-out, supply, distribution,
servicing and draining
o Toilet system lay-out, flushing and servicing
o Corrosion aspects

9

12
On Board Maintenance (ATA 45)
o Central maintenance computers
o Data loading system
o Electronic library system
o Printing
o Structure monitoring (damage tolerance
monitoring)

5&6&11

References
EASA Part 66 Module 11 Aerodynamics, Structures and Systems
course notes
Aircraft Maintenance Manuals, structural repair manuals and
troubleshooting manuals
J eppesen Sanderson Inc (2002) A&P technician airframe textbook,
USA Englewood, J epperson
Pallet E.H.J (1987) Aircraft Electrical Systems. Harlow, Longman
Pallet E.H.J (1993) Automatic Flight Control Oxford, Blackwell
Barnard, R.H. (2004) Aircraft Flight Harlow, Pearson Prentice-Hall
Kermode, A.C. (1996) Mechanics of Flight Harlow, Longmans
Powell, J (1981) Aircraft Radio Systems USA, Englewood,
J epperson
Wasson, J .W. (1994) Avionic Systems Operation & Maintenance
USA Englewood, J epperson

73

Department
Training
Specialization
Degree
Course Name Gas Turbine Engines Course Code AE2339
Quarter Number 7
Credit Hours 13
L 12
P 2
Course Description
In this module the construction and operation of the
systems in a gas turbine aircraft engine and its
propulsion system are discussed.
Contact
Hours
(h/w)

T 1
To teach the students gas turbine engine theory and the terminology associated with
aircraft propulsion systems, and to provide detailed knowledge of the operation and
constructional arrangements of different gas turbine engines and the various systems
associated with them.


74

1. Explain the fundamentals of gas turbine engines and engine performance, and describe
the construction and operation of the various stages/parts of typical gas turbine
engines, including turbo prop and turbo-shaft, using appropriate terminology.
2. Describe the components and layout of the various engine related systems including:
lubrication, fuel, air, starting and ignition, fire protection and power augmentation and
explain their operation.
3. Describe the components and layout of typical engine indicating/monitoring systems
and explain their operation, and demonstrate an in-depth knowledge and understanding
of engine monitoring processes and procedures, ground operation procedures and FOD
hazards.
4. Demonstrate an understanding of powerplant installation, to include firewalls,
cowlings, acoustic panels, engine mounts, anti-vibrations mounts, hoses, pipes,
feeders, connectors, wiring looms, control cables and rods, lifting points and drains.
5. Demonstrate an understanding of engine storage and preservation and de-preservation.

Turbine Engines
Engine Indicating Systems


75
Hours Contents
Behavioural
Objectives
Related
Tasks
6
Fundamentals
o Potential energy, kinetic energy, Newton's
laws of motion, Brayton cycle;
o The relationship between force, work,
power, energy, velocity, acceleration;
o Constructional arrangement and operation
of turbojet, turbofan, turboshaft, turboprop.
1
9
Engine Performance
o Gross thrust, net thrust, choked nozzel
thrust, thrust distribution, resultant thrust,
thrust horsepower, equivalent shaft
horsepower, specific fuel consumption;
o Engine efficiencies;
o By-pass ratio and engine pressure ratio;
o Pressure, temperature and velocity of the
gas flow;
o Engine ratings, static thrust, influence of
speed, altitude and hot climate, flat rating,
limitations.
1
3
Inlet
o Compressor inlet ducts
o Effects of various inlet configurations;
o Ice protection.
2
18
Compressors
o Axial and centrifugal types;
o Constructional features and operating
principles and applications;
o Fan balancing;
o Operation;
o Causes and effects of compressor stall and
surge;
o Methods of air flow control: bleed valves,
variable inlet guide vanes, variable stator
vanes, rotating stator blades;
o Compressor ratio.

2


76
3
Combustion Section
o Constructional features and principles of
operation
2
6
Turbine Section
o Operation and characteristics of different
turbine blade types;
o Blade to disk attachment;
o Nozzle guide vanes;
o Causes and effects of turbine blade stress
and creep.

2
6
Exhaust
operation;
o Convergent, divergent and variable area
nozzles;
o Engine noise reduction;
o Thrust reversers.
2
3
Bearings and Seals
operation.
2
3
Lubricants and Fuels
o Properties and specifications;
o Fuel additives;
o Safety precautions.

2
3
Lubrication Systems
o System operation/lay-out and components.
2
3
Fuel System
o Operation of engine control and fuel
metering systems including electronic
engine control (FADEC);
o Systems lay-out and components.

2
3
Air System
o Operation of engine air distribution and
anti-ice control systems, including internal
cooling, sealing and external air services.
2

77
3
Starting and Ignition Systems
o Operation of engine start systems and
components;
o Ignition systems and components;
o Maintenance safety requirements.

2
9
Engine Indication System
o Exhaust Gas Temperature/Interstage
Turbine Temperature;
o Engine Thrust Indication: Engine Pressure
Ratio, engine turbine discharge pressure or
jet pipe pressure systems;
o Oil pressure and temperature;
o Fuel pressure and flow;
o Engine speed;
o Vibration measurement and indication;
o Torque
o Power.
2
3
Power Augmentation System
o Operation and applications;
o Water injection, water menthanol;
o Afterburner systems.
2
6
Turbo-prop Engines
o Gas coupled/free turbine and gear coupled
turbines;
o Reduction gears;
o Integrated engine and propeller controls;
o Overspeed safety devices.

1&2
6
Turbo-shaft engines
o Arrangements of drive systems, reduction
gearing, couplings, control systems.
1&2
3
Auxiliary Power
o Purpose, operation, protective systems.
2
12
Powerplant Installation
o Configuration of firewalls, cowlings,
acoustic panels, engine mounts, anti-
vibration mounts, hoses, pipes, feeders,
connectors, wiring looms, control cables
and rods, lifting points and drains.
4

78
3
Fire Protection Systems
o Operation of detection and extinguishing
systems.
2
18
Engine Monitoring and Ground Operations
o Procedures for starting and ground run-up;
o Interpretation of engine power output and
parameters;
o Trend (including oil analysis, vibration and
boroscope) monitoring;
o Inspection of engine and components to
criteria, tolerances and data specified by
engine manufacturer;
o Compressor washing/cleaning;
o Foreign Object Damage.

3
3
Engine Storage and Preservation
o Preservation and depreservation for the
engine and accessories/systems.
5

References
EASA Part 66 Module 15 - Propulsion System course notes
troubleshooting manuals Delp, F (1979) Aircraft propellers
and controls USA, Englewood, J epperson
J eppesen Sanderson Inc (2003) A& P technician powerplant
textbook. USA
Total Training Support (2003) FADEC for J AR 66. Bedford,
Total Training Support
Rolls Royce plc (1996) J et engine Derby, Rolls Royce
Pallet, E.H.J (1992) Aircraft instruments and integrated
systems Harlow, Longman
Otis C.E. Aircraft gas turbine powerplant J eppenson
Sanderson (1997) ISBN 08891002553
Hunecke K. J et Engines Fundamentals of theory design and
operations (1997)


79
Department
Training
Specialization
Degree
Course Name Propellers Course Code AE2339
Quarter Number 7
Credit Hours 4
L 3
P 2
Course description
To develop the students ability to analyses the operation
of propeller systems, and associated control and
monitoring systems in order to identify fault conditions,
carry out ratification and perform scheduled and
unscheduled maintenance, serviceability testing and
performance checks.
Contact
Hours
(h/w)

T 1
To teach students the fundamentals of propeller aerodynamics and construction, the
terminology associated and the operation of propeller control and monitoring systems.


80
1. Explain the fundamentals of propeller blade theory.
2. Describe the construction methods and materials used for propellers.
3. Explain the terms and processes involved in propeller pitch control.
4. Describe the process of propeller synchronisation.
5. Describe the processes involved in de-icing
6. Explain the techniques used for propeller maintenance.
7. Describe the methods used for propeller storage and preservation.
Theory of propellers
Practical aspects of propeller construction, repair and maintenance.


81
Hours Contents
Behavioural
Objectives
Related
Tasks
6
Fundamentals
Blade element theory
o High/low blade angle, reverse angle, angle
of attack, rotational speed.
o Propeller slip.
o Aerodynamic, centrifugal and thrust forces
o Torque
o Relative airflow on blade angle of attack.
o Vibration and resonance.
1
9
Propeller Construction
o Construction methods and materials used
in wooden, composite and metal
propellers.
o Blade station, blade face, blade shank,
blade back and hub assembly.
o Fixed pitch, controllable pitch, and
constant speeding propeller.
o Propeller/spinner installation.
2
6
Propeller Pitch Control
o Speed control and pitch change methods.
o Feathering and reverse pitch.
o Overspeed protection.
3
3
Propeller Synchronising
o Synchronising and Synchrophasing
equipment.
4
3
Propeller Ice Protection
o Fluid and electrical de-icing equipment.
5
6
Propeller Maintenance
o Static and dynamic balancing.
o Blade tracking
o Assessment of blade damage, erosion,
corrosion, impact damage, delimination.
o Propeller treatment/repair schemes.
o Propeller engine running.

6
3
Propeller Storage and Preservation
o Propeller preservation and depreservation
7

82

References
troubleshooting manuals Delp, F (1979) Aircraft propellers
and controls USA, Englewood, J epperson
J eppesen Sanderson Inc (2003) A& P technician powerplant
textbook. USA
Total Training Support (2003) FADEC for J AR 66. Bedford,
Total Training Support
Hunecke K. J et Engines Fundamentals of theory design and
operations (1997)

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