Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Division of Allergy-Clinical Immunology Department of Internal Medicine Faculty of Medicine University Indonesia Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital Satgas Imunisasi Dewasa PAPDI (Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Penyakit Dalam Indonesia)
VACCINATION PROCEDURES
CURRICULU M VITAE
Dr. Sukamto Koesnoe, SpPD
Pendidikan
Fakultas Kedokteran UI, tahun 1993
Jabatan
Staf Pengajar FKUI-RSUPN-CM
Kepala K3RSCM
Principles of Vaccination
All vaccines can be administered at the same visit as all other vaccines
Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases. Chapter 2 General Recommendation. National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases. CDC. Revised April 2009.
Principles of Vaccination
Increasing the interval between doses of a multidose vaccine does not diminish the effectiveness of the vaccine* Ex: Hepatitis B vaccine 0,1,6 0, 2, 6?
Decreasing the interval between doses of a multidose vaccine may interfere with antibody response and protection Ex: Hepatitis B vaccine 0,1,6 0,1,2?
*after the series has been completed
Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases. Chapter 2 General Recommendation. National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases. CDC. Revised April 2009.
Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases. Chapter 2 General Recommendation. National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases. CDC. Revised April 2009.
Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases. Chapter 2 General Recommendation. National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases. CDC. Revised April 2009.
VACCINES ADMINISTRATION
Preparation
Screening Vaccine safety and risk communication Atraumatic care: - Positioning & Comforting Restraint - Pain Control Infection control Vaccine preparation - Equipment Selection - Inspecting Vaccine - Reconstitution - Prefilled Syringes - Labelling
Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases. Appendix D Vaccine Administration. National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases. CDC. Revised April 2009.
NEEDLES
Hub Glue Canula
Disposable Needle
Softpack needle
Needles conditioned by 5 into a soft plastic packaging. They are used for syringe by 10 packs.
Hardpack needle
Sole needle conditioned into a hard plastic packaging. They are only used for syringe by one packs.
Vials Samples
Need to be reconstituted
Is the child/teen (or are you) pregnant or is there a chance she could become pregnant during the next month? Does the child (or are you) have cancer, leukemia, AIDS, or any other immune system problem?
Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases. Chapter 2 General Recommendation. National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases. CDC. Revised April 2009.
Subcutaneous injection
Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases. Appendix D Vaccine Administration. National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases. CDC. Revised April 2009.
Intramuscular injection
Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases. Appendix D Vaccine Administration. National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases. CDC. Revised April 2009.
CDC: Vaccine Storage and Handling Toolkit. Accessed 14th Oct 2009: http://www2a.cdc.gov/vaccines/ed/shtoolkit/
CDC: Vaccine Storage and Handling Toolkit. Accessed 14th Oct 2009: http://www2a.cdc.gov/vaccines/ed/shtoolkit/
Vaccine storage and handling toolkit. National Centre for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases. Vaccine Inventory Management. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Downloaded at: http://www2a.cdc.gov/vaccines/ed/shtoolkit/pages/inventory_management.htm ( Accessed 10 Nov 2009)
EXP: 10/2010
NHS. Vaccine Handling Recommendations for Clinics, Hospitals, Community Pharmacies and GP Practices July 2007.
Vaccine Transport
Be sure to place an insulating barrier between the refrigerated/frozen packs and the vaccines to prevent accidental freezing. The layer should be as follows refrigerated/frozen packs barrier vaccine -thermometer- barrier additional refrigerated/frozen packs. Pack vaccines in their original packing on top of the barrier. Do not remove vaccine vials from boxes.
Vaccine Storage Practice in Vaccine Storage and Handling Tool Kit by NCIRD
Disposal
Dispose of sharps immediately after use at the point of care. Needles and syringes must be disposed of as a single unit. Do not over fill the sharps bin or fill beyond the fill line. Lock and tag the bin to identify the clinic source when full for disposal. Full sharps bins must be stored in a secure locked area away from the public
Storage, Distribution and Disposal of Vaccines Policy. North East London NHS. June 2007
Vaccine Safety
Contraindication
A condition in a recipient that greatly increases the chance of a serious adverse reaction
A condition in a recipient that might
increase the chance or severity of an adverse reaction, or Might compromise the ability of the vaccine to produce immunity
Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases. Chapter 2 General Recommendation. National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases. CDC. Revised April 2009.
Adverse reaction
Adverse event
any event following vaccination may be true adverse reaction may be only coincidental KIPI
Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases. Chapter 2 General Recommendation. National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases. CDC. Revised April 2009.
Tingkat Kabupaten
Tingkat Propinsi
tidak
tidak
ya
PELACAKAN
Bagi Wanita Usia Subur (WUS) 1. Hamil; 2. Tidak Hamil Keadaan umum : .............................................
Diagnosis : lain ?
Kortikosteroid Antihistamin
Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases. Chapter 2 General Recommendation. National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases. CDC. Revised April 2009.
Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases. Chapter 2 General Recommendation. National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases. CDC. Revised April 2009.
Live
C --C C P P**
Inactivated
C C V* V P V
C=contraindication P=precaution V=vaccinate if indicated *except HPV and Tdap. **MMR and varicella-containing (except zoster vaccine) only
Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases. Chapter 2 General Recommendation. National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases. CDC. Revised April 2009.
Vaccines should be delayed until the illness has improved Mild illness, such as otitis media or an upper respiratory infection, is NOT a contraindication to vaccination
Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases. Chapter 2 General Recommendation. National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases. CDC. Revised April 2009.
Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases. Chapter 2 General Recommendation. National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases. CDC. Revised April 2009.
Anaphylaxis Algorithm
Working Group of the Resuscitation Council (UK); Resuscitation (2008) 77, 157169
Working Group of the Resuscitation Council (UK); Resuscitation (2008) 77, 157169
INTRODUCTION
Advanced in medicine, science and technology lead population with altered host defenses
In US reported :
2001 40 000 cases HIV infection 2002 1 284 900 cases cancer 23 848 cases solid organ transplant 20 000 hematopoetic stem cell transplant
Indonesia data ?
Mei 2008 270,000 HIV infection Selected immunocompromised persons
In general inactivated vaccines may be administered to pregnant women for whom they are indicated
Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases. Chapter 2 General Recommendation. National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases. CDC. Revised April 2009.
Vaccination in Pregnancy
Inactivated vaccines
Routine (influenza) Vaccinate if indicated (hep B, Td, rabies) Vaccinate if benefit outweighs risk (all other) HPV vaccine not recommended during pregnancy
http://www.cdc.gov/nip/publications/preg_guide.pdf
Neonatal varicella
mother infected in late pregnancy (within 14 days of birth) infection within 5 days of birth: up to 30% mortality rate4
1. Enders G et al. Lancet 1994; 343: 154851. ;2. NACI. Can Commun Dis Rep 2004; 30: 126.; 3. Gershon AA. Adv Pediatr Infect Dis 1995; 10: 93124. 4. Nathwani D et al. J Infect 1998; 36 Suppl 1: 5971.
5 years apart)*
Meningococcal polysaccharide or
years after allogeneic or autologous HSCT if the recipient is not revaccinated HSCT recipients may be at increased risk of some VPDs, particularly pneumococcal disease Revaccination recommended beginning 6-12 months post-transplant
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/rr/rr4910.pdf
Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases. Chapter 2 General Recommendation. National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases. CDC. Revised April 2009.
More frequent than in healthy individuals Mortality rates reach 710%1 Risk factors:
cancer, notably leukaemia2 HIV infection3 corticosteroid therapy4 immunosuppressant drugs with organ transplant5 malnutrition
1. Gershon A et al. In Plotkin SA et al eds. Vaccines, W.B. Saunders 2004; 784823.; 2. Leung T-F et al. Eur J Haemotol 2004; 72: 353357.; 3. Jura E et al. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1989; 8: 58690.; 4. Hill G et al. Pediatrics 2005; 116(4): e5259.; 5. Giacchino R et al. Transplantation 1995; 60(9): 10556.
years after allogeneic or autologous HSCT if the recipient is not revaccinated HSCT recipients may be at increased risk of some VPDs, particularly pneumococcal disease Revaccination recommended beginning 6-12 months post-transplant
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/rr/rr4910.pdf
age Judicious use of serologic testing may be considered for some antigens (measles, mumps, rubella, hepatitis B)
*including combination vaccines not approved for use in the U.S. http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/rr/rr5515.pdf (pages 33-35)
Thank you