Sociology is the systematic and scientific study of human social life.

Sociologists study people as they form groups and interact with one another. The groups they study may be small, such as married couples, or large, such as a subculture of suburban teenagers. Sociology places special emphasis on studying societies, both as individual entities and as elements of a global perspective. -----------------------------Anthropology - The scientific study of the origin and behavior of man, including the development of societies and cultures. -------------------------areas of s Social Organization - This refers to social institutions, social groups, social inequality, social mobility, religious groups, and bureaucracy.These are the examples of soc ial organizations: social institutions, social groups, social inequality, religious groups and bur eaucracy. Social Psychology - This refers to human nature and its focus on social processe s as they affect the individual. The observations in their emotions, attitudes, perceptions and culture in there community, school market and church. Social Change - This studies ecological changes, population, migration, technolo gical change, new production techniques, culture change, political processes, social transfor mation, modernization, mass communication, and the impact of natural disaster. Population - This studies size, growth, demographic characteristics, as well as corruption, migration, changes vis--vis economic, political and social systems. Applied Sociology - This is concerned with resolving social problems through soc iological research. Sociological Theory and Research - This is a set of statements that seeks to exp lain problems, actions or behavior; or the discovery and development of research that tests the validity, applicability and usefulness of the results of the investigation for the improvement of life. --------------------------areas of a Traditional American Anthropology speaks of four main kinds of anthropology, and you'll see universities which place a strong emphasis on this stressing a, "Fou r Field Approach." These four fields are... 1) Cultural anthropology, or the study of the lived experiences of human beings anywhere in the world. Think of ethnography as an example.

2) Archaeological anthroplogy (archaeology), or the study of the material remain s of past people. Think of excavation as an example. 3) Physical anthropology (biological anthropology), or the study of humans as ph ysical, biological beings. Think of human evolution as an example. 4) Linguistic anthropology, or the study of human language in its context and co nsidering its impact on the whole human experience. Think of dictionary studies as an example. Some people also talk about a "sometimes-Fifth Field," applied anthropology. Thi s centers on the practical application of knowledge from the other fields, e.g. in relief work or in training cross-cultural workers. In Europe, they speak of /Social Anthropology/ rather than /Cultural Anthropolog y/. This is more than a simple choice of words, but also reflects a different st ress. The American focus is mostly on the lived experience of individuals and th e European focus tends to be on how people organize themselves into groups and t hen operate within and between those groups. In addition to these, some specilizations and cross-disciplinary approaches have risen to prominence in their own right, for instance: * Medical anthropology, which looks at things like public health, traditional he alth systems, the intersection of nutrition and culture, etc... * Forensic anthropology, which takes the skills of biological anthropology and u ses them in a medico-legal context to help identify and interpet skeletal remain s. There are a number of other forms of anthropology, and this is only a partial li st of them. In actuality, these are basically refinements or re-castings of some forms already mentioned. Political anthropology Economic anthropology Development anthropology Anthropology of religion Dental anthropology Paleoanthropology Paleopathology Ethnomusicology

Applied Anthropology The practical application of anthropological data, methodology, perspective and theory to asses and solve contemporary social problems. Archaeology The study of past cultures based on the excavation of their habitation, burial, and environmental sites

Biological Anthropology Tracks the biological evolution of humanity through genetic inheritance, primato logy and the fossil record. Cultural Anthropology The study of populations based on historical records and ethnographic observatio ns. Ethnographies consist of an anthropologist living among another culture part icipating and observing it as an outsider. Linguistic Anthropology Brings linguistic methods as applicable solutions for anthropological problems.

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Why Study Sociology? Are You Fascinated by Human Behavior? The Peoples of the WorldSociology is one of the programs in the Department of So ciology, Social Work, & Urban Professions. It prepares one for a lifetime of change by developing one's appreciation of diversity, love of learning, writing and study skills, and knowledge base about human beha vior, social organization, culture, and social change. If you are the type of person who doesn't necessaril y follow the crowds (but are fascinated by their behavior), the type who is truly interested in what is going on in the world, then Sociology should interest you. Sociology helps us look more objectively at our society and other societies. It directs attention to how the parts of society fit together and change, and th e consequences of that social change. We are faced with an ever increasingly complex and rapidly changing social mili eu in modern industrial-bureaucratic societies. A study of Sociology provides the conceptual tools and methods for understanding the social milieu--whether it is expressed in: group attitudes values behaviors political processes of workers families organizations consumers governments By focusing on the external forces that affect values, attitudes and behaviors, it helps us better understand ourselves and the motivations of others around us. While we are all creatures of the various groups, organizations and governments in our environments, we are also their creators. Sociology provides the tools and skills we need to take a more active role in creating, participating in, advancing and managing such groups.

Anthropology is the study of humanity. It draws on natural science, the humaniti es and the social sciences for its areas of study as well as the hard sciences for its methods of examining traces of ancient civilizations. Anthropologists deal with questions like: What defines us as a species (Homo sapiens)? Who are our ancestors both physically and socially ? What are our physical traits? How do humans behave and what is the role of environment, culture and though t? Why are groups of humans physically different? How has our evolutionary past influenced our society and culture? Apart from an interest in how many different approaches and lifestyles ancient p eoples have experimented with (essentially a cuteness factor), it is commonly accepted that past performance i s the best indicator of future performance. By studying how ancient peoples reacted to pressures from food supplies, the en vironment and climate, levels of population, the impact of ideologies, pollution, disease and so on may provide us with insight into how to modify our present culture to provide better conditions for humans i n general.

Anthropology is the study of the various human cultures in the world now and thr oughout history. According to the University of Hawaii at Hilo, anthropology "emphasizes comparin g human groups to understand the range of variation in human behavior and biology, and therefore c onsiders what it is to be human." It is important for us as human beings to understand our origins and also to un derstand the cultures in the world outside of our own.

Language Links Anthropology has several branches. Linguistic anthropology studies languages and how they have developed and evolved over time. This is important in helping us understand how one language r elates to another and how humans

have communicated with one another over time. Through the study of linguistic an thropology, anthropologists are able to explain the links between languages and the differences in the ways that vari ous human cultures use and manipulate words and language. Cultural Connections The people of one culture might have regular practices that the people of an other culture would find distasteful or strange. For instance, in some cultures the people eat meat from animals that are considered pets in other cultures. In order to bridge the gap between varying cultures, anthropo logists study and explain cultural practices. According to Greaterlearning.org, "This bridging of the gap between our innate sense of our own culture and the ot her cultures is the reason for the importance of Anthropology." Economic Benefits In today's world, people of varying cultures communicate and do business wit h one another on a regular basis. Anthropology's existence is vital to the business world for this reason. Throug h the study of anthropology, a business executive in the United States, for instance, can learn about the tr aditions and values of the Japanese culture before he visits Japan for a busines s trip. In learning about the culture, he can better prepare himself for a succe ssful visit and business dealings while he is there. Cross-Disciplinary Significance There are other disciplines that study humanity. Biology studies the human b ody, history studies the actions of past human cultures, and literature studies the writings of various people. Howe ver, each of these disciplines provides only a small window of understanding into the world of humanity. Anthropology c ombines these disciplines in a holistic study of humans and the place of humans in the world around us. In this sense, anthropology is important because of its ability to synthesize the learning of other disciplines into one comprehensive picture of what it means to be human. Curiosity Humans are innately curious creatures. We want to know where we came from, h ow we have evolved as a species and where we might go next. We want to know how other people are similar to and different from the people we know. Anthropology answers those queries for humanity. It gives us a solid picture of our human origins and blends together the various human cultures into one large journey of humanity from the beginning of our existence to the present day. In doing so, it can also help us understand more about where our cultures might be going in the future because we predict future trends based on past growth and pr ogress.

What is the importance of studying sociology? Of the various social sciences, sociology seems to be the youngest. It is gradua lly developing. Still it has remarkable progress. Its uses are recognized widely today. In moder n times, there is a growing realization of the importance of the scientific study of social pheno mena and the means of promoting what Prof. Giddings calls human adequacy (human welfare). The study of sociology has a great value especially in modern complex society. Some of the uses of sociology are as follows. 1. Sociology studies society in a scientific way. Before the emergence of sociol ogy, there was no systematic and scientific attempt to study human society with all its complexities. Sociology has made it possible to study society in a scientific manner. This sc ientific knowledge about human society is needed in order to achieve progress in various fields. 2. Sociology throws more light on the social nature of man. Sociology evolves de ep into the social nature of man. It tells us why man is a social animal, why he lives in groups, communities and societies. It examines the relationship between individual and society, the impact of socie ty on man and other matters. 3. Sociology improves our understanding of society and increases the power of so cial action, capabilities, talents and limitations. It enables him to adjust himself to the environment. K nowledge of society, social groups, social institutions, associations, their functions etc. helps us to lead an eff ective social life. 4. The study of sociology helps us to know not only our society and man but also others, their motives, aspirations, status, occupations, traditions, customs, institutions, cultures et c. In a huge industrialized society, our experience is comparatively limited. We can hardly have a comprehensive kno wledge of our society and rarely have an idea regarding other societies. But we must have some insight into an appreciation of the motives by which others live and the conditions under which they exist. Such an insight we derive from the study of sociology. 5. The contribution of sociology is not less significant in enriching culture. S ociology has given training to us to have rational approach to questions concerning ourselves, our religion, cust oms, mores, institutions, values, ideologies etc. It has made us to become more objective, rational, critical and

dispassionate. The study of societies has made people to become more broad-minded. It has impressed upon its students to overcome there prejudices, -misconceptions, egoistic ambitions, and class and religious, hatreds. It has ma de our life richer, fuller and meaningful. 6. Another aspect of the practical side of sociology is the study of great socia l institutions and the relation's of individuals of each one of them. The home and family, the school and education, the state and government, industry and work, religion and morality, marriage an d family, law and legislation, property and government etc. are some of the main institutions, through which o ur society functions. More than that, they condition our life in countless ways. Knowledge of sociolog y may help to strengthen them to serve man better. 7. Sociology is useful as a teaching subject too. Sociology is a profession in w hich technical competence brings its own rewards. Sociologists, especially those trained in research proce dures, are in increasing demand in business, Government, industry, city planning, race relations, social work, social welfare, supervision, advertising, communications, administration, and many other areas of community life. A few years ago, sociologists could only teach sociology in schools and colleges. But sociology has now becom e practical enough to be practiced outside of academic halls, areas of application of sociology in schools and col leges. Careers apart from teaching are now possible in sociology, which are coming more international levels. 8. The need for the study of sociology is greater especially in underdeveloped c ountries. Sociologists have now drawn the attention of economists regarding the social factors that have contributed t o the economic backwardness of a few countries. Economists have now realized the importance of sociological knowledge in analyzing the economic affairs of country. 9. The study of society is of paramount importance in solving social problems. T he present world is best with several social problems of great magnitude like poverty, beggary, unemployment, prostitution, over population, family disorganization, community disorganization, racial problems, crime, juven ile delinquency, gambling alcoholism, youth unrest, untouchability etc. A careful analysis of these problems is neces sary in order to solve them. Sociology provides such an analysis. 10. Sociological knowledge is necessary for understanding and planning of societ y. Social planning has been made easier by sociology. Sociology is often considered a vehicle of social reform an d social reorganization. It plays an important role in the reconstruction of society. 11. Study of society has helped several governments to promote the welfare of th e tribal people. Not only the civilized-societies, but even the tribal societies are faced with several socio -economic and anthropologists

regarding tribal societies and problems have helped many governments in undertak ing various social welfare measures to promote the welfare of the tribal people. Efforts are now being made to treat the tribals on par with the rest of the civilized people. 12. Sociology has drawn our attention to the intrinsic worth and dignity of man. Sociology has been greatly responsible in changing our attitudes towards fellow human beings. It has helped people to b ecome catholic in outlook and broad-minded in spirit. It has made people to become too lenient and patient towards others. It has minimized the mental distance and reduced the gap between different peoples and communities. 13. Sociology is of great practical help in the sense; it keeps us up-to date on modern social situations and developments. Sociology makes us to become more alert towards the changes and de velopments that take place around us. As a result, we come to know about our changed roles and expectations and respon sibilities.

----------------------------------------------------PE Invention and History of Volleyball - William Morgan 1870 - 1942 William Morgan based Volleyball on the popular German game called Faustball

William Morgan invented volleyball in 1895 at the Holyoke, Massachusetts, YMCA ( Young Men's Christian Association) where he served as Director of Physical Education. Morgan originally called his new game of Volleyball, Mintonette. The name Volleyball came about after a demonstration game of the sport, when a s pectator commented that the game involved much "volleying" and game was renamed Volleyball. William Morgan was born in the state of New York and studied at Springfield Coll ege, Massachusetts. Ironically at Springfield, Morgan met James Naismith who invented basketball in 1891. Morgan was motivated by Naismith's game of basketball designed for younger stude nts to invent a game suitable for the older members of the YMCA. William Morgan's basis for the new game of Volleyball was the then popular and similar German ga me of Faustball and a few other sports including: tennis (the net), basketball, baseba ll and handball. The Morgan Trophy Award is presented annually to the most outstanding male and f emale collegiate volleyball player in the United States. Established by the William G. Morgan Foundation in 1995 during the centennial year of volleyball, the trophy is named in honor o f William Morgan.