AP US History Unit 5

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UNIT 5 Multiple Choice Exam

Directions: Each of the questions or incomplete statements below is followed by five suggested answers or completions. Select the one that is BEST in each case indicate on your test packet your choice, and fill in the corresponding answer on your scantron.

1. Competition is a law of nature and can no more be done away with than gravitation[I]f we do not like survival of the fittest, we have only one possible alternative, survival of the unfittest. The former is the law of civilization, the latter is the law of anticivilization. The quote above is an example of which of the following schools of thought? a) b) c) d) e) Dialectical materialism Utopian socialism Social Darwinism Transcendentalism Existentialism 4. Jacob Riis is best known for his work in the 1890s as a a) labor organizer and Socialist Party activist b) leader of the Peoples Party c) reformer who encouraged new immigrants to homestead d) playwright whose dramas celebrated the assimilation of immigrants into American society e) journalist and photographer who publicized the wretched conditions in which many immigrants lived

5.

Between 1870 and 1900, farmers did all of the following in an attempt to better their condition EXCEPT a) b) c) d) e) seek state regulation of railways limit production of crops organize cooperative marketing societies form a third political party advocate inflation of the currency

2. One reason early twentieth century muckrakers were able to have a significant impact on society was because a) sales and circulation of newspapers and magazines increased b) most citizens of the United States were already convinced that Jim Crow laws must be overturned c) they had the sympathy and support of industrialists like Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller d) drought conditions in the Midwest drew attention to social problems e) radio programs devoted to the problems in cities attracted wide listening audiences

6.

Theodore Roosevelt was the first President to a) b) c) d) e) use troops without congressional approval balance the federal budget advocate an antilynching bill pursue an imperialistic foreign policy arbitrate a labor dispute

3. Which of the following best describes the position on slavery of most northerners during the sectional crises of the 1850s? a) They were active supporters of complete abolition b) They favored continued importation of slaves from Africa c) They were willing to accept slavery where it existed but opposed further expansion to the territories. d) They advocated expansion of the slave system to provide cheap labor for northern factories e) They advocated complete social and political equality for all races in the U.S.

7.

The first attempt to apply the doctrine of popular sovereignty in determining the status of slavery occurred in a) b) c) d) e) Texas Kansas California Missouri Oregon

8.

Immigrants to the United States in the last quarter of the nineteenth century came primarily from a) b) c) d) e) Latin America Asia Canada Middle-class backgrounds European farms and villages

13. Which of the following aroused the greatest controversy in the United States at the end of the Spanish-American War? a) b) c) d) e) Payment of a $20 million indemnity to Spain Humanitarian efforts on behalf of concentration camp victims Acquisition of the Philippine Islands Liberation of Cuba from Spanish control Increases in the size of the army and navy

9.

Which of the following is an example of Progressive Era legislation? a) b) c) d) e) The Pure Food and Drug Act The Hawley-Smoot Tariff The Comstock Law The Pendleton Act The Dawes Severalty Act

14. Which of the following best accounts for the success of the American Federation of Labor in organizing labor in the late 1800s? a) its organization of all workers within a single industry into one union its policy of organizing only skilled craftsmen its policy of racial inclusiveness its campaign for a minimum wage its active recruitment of immigrant workers

10. The decisions of the Supreme Court in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries generally did which of the following? a) b) c) d) e) strengthened the position of big business Strengthened the regulatory powers of the federal government Strengthened the position of organized labor Protected the civil political rights of African Americans Protected the civil and political rights of women

b) c) d) e)

15. The Dawes Act (1887) did which of the following: a) b) Divided Native American tribal lands into individual holdings Promoted the preservation of Native American cultural identity Granted immediate citizenship to Native Americans Set up the reservation system Forbade the use of Native American languages in public schools

11. We believe that the time has come when the railroad corporations will either own the people or the people must own the railroadsWe demand a national currency, safe, sound, and flexibleWe demand a graduated income taxWe demand a free ballot. Which of the following groups included the passage above in its platform? a) b) c) d) e) American Federation of Labor Union-Labor Party Peoples Party (Progressive Party) National Grange Democratic Party

c) d) e)

16. During the Gilded Age, which of the following groups generally voted Republican? a) b) c) d) e) Southern Protestant farmers Roman Catholic immigrants Black northerners Unskilled wage earners Confederate war veterans

12. The 1896 Supreme Court decision Plessy v. Ferguson did which of the following: a) b) c) d) e) Upheld segregated railroad facilities Declared civil rights legislation unconstitutional Upheld literacy testing as a condition of voting in federal elections Outlawed segregation in public schools Restricted the right to purchase or sell land

17. In adopting the Fourteenth Amendment, Congress was primarily concerned with a) b) c) d) e) protecting the powers of the southern state governments established under Andrew Johnson protecting legislation guaranteeing civil rights to former slaves ending slavery guaranteeing all citizens the right to vote establishing the Freedmens Bureau

18. In 1890, the most important source of revenue for the federal government was a) b) c) d) e) income taxes inheritance taxes sales taxes liquor taxes customs taxes

23. Jacob Riis How the Other Half Lives is a study of a) b) c) d) e) Jim Crow segregation and its effect on African Americans The plight of Great Plains farmers in the 1890s Immigrant urban poverty and despair in the 1890s The corruption in city political machines in the 1890s The rise of industrial capitalists in the late nineteenth century

19. All of the following contributed to the passage of the Eighteenth Amendment legislating Prohibition in 1919 EXCEPT a) b) c) d) e) the continued efforts of the Anti-Saloon League the fervor of the First World War lending patriotism to the cause of prohibition the Progressive belief in social reform the cumulative impact of state prohibition laws the high death toll from alcohol-related automobile accidents a) b) c) d) e)

24. Margaret Sanger is best known for her contribution to the radical suffragist movement endorsement of coeducation advocacy of birth control presidency of the Womens Christian Temperance Union Organization of the Womens Trade Union League

20. Which of the following emerged during the Progressive Era as the most influential advocate of full political, economic and social equality for Black Americans? a) b) c) d) e) W.E.B. DuBois Frederick Douglass Booker T. Washington Ida B. Wells Langston Huges

25. From the 1880s to the beginning of the New Deal, the dominant American Indian policy of the United states government sought to a) b) c) d) e) strengthen traditional tribal authority relocate all American Indians to the Oklahoma Territory encourage American Indian emigration to Canada encourage American Indians to preserve their languages and religions break up tribal landholdings

21. The leaders of the Progressive movement were primarily a) b) c) d) e) farmers interested in improving agricultural production immigrant activists attempting to change restrictive immigration laws representatives of industries seeking higher tariffs workers concerned with establishing industrial unions middle-class reformers concerned with urban and consumer issues 26. The Supreme Court decision in Plessy v. Ferguson a) b) c) d) e) denounced business combinations in restraint of trade sanctioned separate but equal public facilities for African Americans Declared that the Fourteenth Amendment applied principally to the protection of corporations Defined the Constitution as color blind Empowered Congress to cancel treaties with American Indian tribes unilaterally

22. The Missouri Compromise did which of the following? a) b) c) d) e) prohibited slavery in all the territory of the Louisiana Purchase Provided for admission to the Union of all future states in pairs of one free, one slave Allowed Maine to enter the Union as a free state Finally settled the question of congressional power over slavery in the territories Provided for the annexation of Texas 27. The precipitating factor in the 1894 Pullman strike was Pullmans a) b) c) d) e) dismissal of union workers introduction of scrip in party payment of wages retraction of its promise to provide an employee insurance an retirement plan employment of immigrant labor at less than a living wage cutting of wages without proportionate cuts in company housing rents

28. In his Atlanta Compromise speech, Booker T. Washington called for which of the following? a) b) c) d) e) African American voting rights An end to racial segregation Support for African American self-help Educational equality for African Americans Racial integration of religions organizations

32. The term vertical integration refers to a) b) c) reconstruction-era efforts to assimilate newly freed slaves into all social strata of American society an architectural movement that sought to blend urban skyscrapers with the natural landscape surrounding them the industrial practice of assigning workers a single, repetitive task in order to maximize productivity control of all aspects of an industry, from production of raw materials to delivery of finished goods the belief that wealthy citizens have a moral obligation to engage in philanthropic acts

29. In the last quarter of the nineteenth century, American agriculture was characterized by a) b) c) d) e) a decline in the number of tenant farmers a decline in foreclosures on Midwestern farms a decline in the number of farm cooperatives an increase in wholesale prices for farm products an increase in acres under cultivation

d) e)

33. The passage of the Pendleton Act was a direct result of the a) b) c) d) e) assassination of Abraham Lincoln failure of Reconstruction assassination of James A. Garfield Supreme Court decision in Plessy v. Ferguson Assassination of William McKinley

30. Progressive reformers rejected Social Darwinism because they believed that a) b) c) d) e) all races were equal in ability personal development was influenced solely by hereditary factors conflict and competition did not necessarily improve society science had no role in society society was fixed by the laws of nature and incapable of significant change

34. The Haymarket Affair represented a major setback for the a) b) womens suffrage movement civil rights movement for AfricanAmericans Knights of Labor Temperance movement Populist movement

31. Which of the following statements about Supreme Court decision during the latter part of the nineteenth century is most accurate? a) b) they reduced federal power over the states by narrowly defining the applicability of the constitution to state law they cleared the way for the liberal reforms of the twentieth century by broadly interpreting constitutional guarantees of individual rights they had little practical effect because the executive branch consistently refused to enforce the Courts rulings they used the Fourteenth Amendment to create numerous environmental regulations and human rights, stifling American business growth the Court avoided cases where its decision would profoundly impact the country and, as a result, the Court did little to shape the era

c) d) e)

35. Muckrakers furthered the causes of the Progressive movement by a) b) c) d) e) organizing grassroots campaigns for political reform at the state level suing large companies and donating their court awards to Progressive campaigns staging large, violent protests in support of Progressive goals warning Americans of the dangers inherent in such radical movements as communism and socialism alerting the public to the social ills and corporate corruption targeted by Progressives

c) d)

e)

36. Prior to the administration of Theodore Roosevelt, the Sherman Antitrust Act had been used primarily to a) b) c) d) e) dismantle corporate monopolies suppress trade unions impose import tariffs enforce civil rights in the South rid the government of corruption

41. The principle of popular sovereignty stated that 37. All of the following policies pursued by President Theodore Roosevelt were main objectives of the American Progressives EXCEPT a) b) c) d) e) passage of the Pure Food and Water Act creation of national forests and protected wildlife reserves initiation of antitrust lawsuits against various corporate monopolies intervention in the affairs of Central American governments expansion of the power of the Interstate Commerce Commission a) b) c) d) e) whenever a new area was settled, all United States citizens were required to vote on the slave status of that area slavery would not be permitted in any area after 1848 the president, after meeting with public interest groups, was to decide on whether slaves would be allowed in a given territory settlers in the Western territories, not Congress, would decide whether to allow slavery in their territory any settlers disagreeing with federal laws governing slavery were free to ignore those laws

38. The Know-Nothing Party focused its efforts almost exlusively on the issue of a) b) c) d) e) religious freedom the right to bear arms the prohibition of alcohol womens rights immigration 42. The price which society pays for the law of competitionis great; but the advantages of this law are also greaterit is best for the race, because it ensures the survival of the fittest in every department. The above passage is characteristic of 39. The new immigrants who arrived in the United States after the Civil War were different from the old immigrants in that they a) b) c) d) e) came mostly from Latin American countries settled in rural areas in the Midwest where land was plentiful were better prepared than previous immigrants had been to face the challenges of urban life spoke different languages and had different customs than most Americans and thus were not easily assimilated came from Asia rather than Europe a) b) c) d) e) Calvinism Social Darwinism Progressivism Populism Egalitarianism

43. In the late nineteenth century, political machines such as Tammany Hall were successful primarily because a) b) c) federal legislation sanctioned their activities they operated primarily in rural areas, where the government could not monitor their activities they focused on accomplishing only a narrow set of human rights objectives they championed the suffragettes and received their support in return machine politicians provided needed jobs and services to naturalized citizens in return for their votes

40. The Industrial Revolution had which of the following effects on slavery in the South? a) b) the creation of numerous labor-saving machines vastly reduced the need for slave labor rapid growth in the textile industry encouraged Southern planters to grow cotton, thereby making slavery more important to the economy the government bought and freed Southern slaves, then transported them to the North, where factories were experiencing a major labor shortage The Industrial Revolution began as the Civil War was ending and it provided work for many former slaves New farm machinery required slaves and masters to work more closely together, with a resulting reduction of mutual hostility

d) e)

c)

44. The disagreement between W.E.B. DuBois and Booker T. Washington regarding the status of African-Americans in the early twentieth century is best summed up as a debate over a) b) c) d) e) what social injustices federal legislation should correct first whether African-Americans should emigrate to Africa whether state governments or the federal government should be the primary vehicle of social change how prominent a role African-American churches should play in the struggle for civil rights whether African-Americans should first seek legal or economic equality with white Americans

d) e)

45. What best accounts for the sharp increase of immigrants during the period 1880-1910? a) b) c) d) e) many southern and eastern Europeans turned to America for financial gain and political freedom Irish farmers were forced to leave their homes due to agricultural disasters Germans were seeking ways to avoid military conscription The United States welcomed immigrants by providing housing and employment Missionary societies encouraged immigration from all over the world

48. Which of the following acts was the most beneficial to labor? a) b) c) d) e) The Clayton Antitrust Act The Sherman Antitrust Act The Elkins Act The Dawes Act The Hepburn Act

49. Theodore Roosevelts Square Deal can best be described as a) protective tariffs, centralized banking, conservation conservation, trust-busting, consumer protection equal opportunity, trust-busting, laissezfaire economics laissez-faire economics, support of labor unions, conservation government regulation, conservation, military readiness

46. Upton Sinclairs The Jungle influenced the country and ultimately led to the passage of a) b) c) d) e) The Clayton Antitrust Act The Hepburn Act The Sherman Antitrust Act The Pure Food and Drug Act The Forest Reserve Act

b) c) d) e)

47. Which of the following American architects is considered by many to be the father of the modern sky-scraper, thus changing the face of cities like Chicago in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries? a) b) c) d) e) Henry Hobson Richardson Stanford White Louis Sullivan Louis Kahn Frank Lloyd Wright

50. Which of the following is most closely associated with the Populist movement? a) b) c) d) e) support of labor unions the front porch campaign of William McKinley Free coinage of silver Private ownership of railroads and utilities Protective tariffs

Extra Credit (5 possible points): What, in your opinion, was the most significant Progressive Era reform and why?