STORAGE TANK DESIGN FFA storage tank Amount of Liquid into the Tank

The design of the tank is based on a per shift basis:

Volume of liquid in the tank

Since the equilibrium temperature of the liquid in the storage tank is unknown, the density ( , which is a function of temperature, is evaluated at the annual average ambient temperature in the plant location. The modified Rackett equation can be used to calculate the density of the fatty acid mixture, with the formula given below.

The table below summarizes the values of the parameters in the equation. Free Fatty Acid Palmitic acid Oleic acid Stearic acid Linoleic acid (g/mol) 256.46 282.46 228.37 280.45
1Critical

Temp, (K) 893.76 959.06 938.39 982.79

1Critical

Pressure, (bar) 14.68 16.68 13.26 21.67

2Empirical parameter, 0.22641 0.22344 0.22041 *0.22344

*due to lack of data, assumed to be equal to that of oleic acid

1http://www.springerlink.com/content/774376w70w151x3q/ 2http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1016&context=chemeng_biomaterials

(
( ( ) )

(
( ( ) )

( (
( ( ) )

( (
( ( ) )

( ( Free Fatty Acid Palmitic acid (p.a.) Oleic acid (o.a.) Stearic acid (s.a.) Linoleic acid (l.a.) ) ( ( (

Mass fraction (per day basis) 0.149679149 0.537135537 0.010651682 0.302533632

Based on the guidelines given in the Pipe, Tank, and Pump Specifications Handout, (ChE 192 Handout 2nd Semester 2009-2010) page 20:

The tank should be field-erected since > 90m3 The liquid should be stored in a vertical tank mounted on concrete foundation since m3 > 38 m3

Tank Specifications

Height of Tank Using API 650 Standards on Welded Steel Tanks for Oil Storage, from Table 2-10 of Pipe, Tank, and Pump Specifications Handout:

Diameter of Tank Likewise, using the same table from such hand-out:

Height of Liquid Since the tank design is based from per shift capacity and both and are taken from the suggested dimensions according to API 650 standards, based on per shift capacity will be:

( (

Volume of Tank Given on page 20 of the Pipe, Tank, and Pump Specifications Handout, (ChE 192 Handout 2nd Semester 2009-2010) that: The tank should never be more than 90% filled since m3 > 1.9 m3.

However, the volume of tank calculated is sufficient to satisfy the condition above hence, there is no need to provide an additional volume.

Therefore the maximum % volume of tank that can be filled per day is:

Shell Thickness The tank will be made from Stainless steel, Austenitic 18Cr, 8Ni type A312. The choice of material is based from its properties which make it suitable for use.. According to Perry (2007, 7th edition), Stainless Steel is heat and corrosion resistant, non-contaminating, and easily fabricated into complex shapes. One-foot Method

From Appendix 14, p.1102 (McCabe, 1985), the density of water at 4C is around 1000 kg/m3. On the other hand, the FFA mixture is assumed to be in ambient temperature (25C) with density of 874.9702577 kg/m3.

Thickness of lower course (tL) (

From Table 10-49, p.10-110 (Perry, 1997-7th edition), for Stainless steel, Austenitic 18Cr, 8Ni type A312, the minimum yield strength (S) is 30000 psi. A factor of safety of 2 will be used according to the Department of Civil Engineering, University of the Philippines Los Banos (CE Dept., UPLB).

Moreover, the corrosion allowance (CA) is assumed to be 0. Hence, ( (

Since 0.045079037 in < 0.1875 in. (minimum), use 0.1875 in. as lower course thickness. o Thickness of upper course (tu) ( )

Since 0.020648726 in < 0.1875 in. (minimum), use 0.1875 in. as upper course thickness. Variable Method o Thickness of lower course (t1)

)(

* (

( ( (

Since 0.050593736 in < 0.1875 in (minimum), use 0.1875 in. as lower course thickness. o Thickness of upper course First iteration:

( ( )( Since ) ( )( , then t2 = t2a ( ) )

x is the minimum value among x1, x2, and x3

( t1 (from variable method) = 0.1875 in tu (from one-foot method) = 0.020648726 in t t ( ( ( ( ( ( )( )( ) ( ) in in t t

in ))

)(

)(

in

Use x3 since it has the lowest value among x1, x2, and x3

)(

Second Iteration t2 = t2a ( )

x is the minimum value among x1, x2, and x3

( t1 (from variable method) = 0.1875 in

tu (from one-foot method) = 0.048184892 in t t ( ( ( ( ( ( )( )( ) ( )

in ))

)(

)(

in

Use x3 since it has the lowest value among x1, x2, and x3 ( )

)(

Third Iteration t2 = t2a

x is the minimum value among x1, x2, and x3

( t1 (from variable method) = 0.1875 in tu (from one-foot method) = t t ( ( ( ( ( ( )( )( ) ( ) t t

in in

in ))

)(

)(

in

Use x3 since it has the lowest value among x1, x2, and x3

)(

But since 0.0478 in < 0.1875 in (minimum), use 0.1875 in. as upper course thickness. Roof Design

( )

Though the live load accounts for the pressure brought by snow, it is assumed to be equal to that of rain which is what we experience in the Philippines. ( ( )

Since 0.062335958 in < 0.1875 in. (minimum), use 0.1875 in. as roof thickness. Stiffeners t ( t ) ( * ft No stiffeners will be placed since the length between stiffeners calculated is beyond the height of the tank. ( ft

Annular Plate

From Table 2-11 of Pipe, Tank, and Pump Specifications Handout, tb = 0.25 in + CA ( ( (

Use 28.99782817 in for the length of the annular plate (above the minimum requirement which is 24 in.)