Opt. Hyd.

HYDRAULICS
OPTIMUM HYDRAULICS: The proper balance of hydraulic elements that will clean the hole below the bit, clean the bit and clean the bore hole above the bit with minimum horsepower. The balance of the hydraulic elements is influenced by: 1) lost circulation(ECD effect); 2) hole stability (turbulent erosion); 3) bit cleaning (cross flow); 4) cleaning hole below bit ( jet velocity) and cleaning the bore hole above the bit (annular velocity - flowrate - yield value and flow profile).

RULE: Balance flowrate between 25gpm and 50 gpm per inch of bit diameter. Jet velocity is influenced by formation drillability and mud overbalance chip hold down. The greater the overbalance the higher the jet velocity has to be to help free up the chip that is being differentially held below the bit. The jet velocity range is usually between 250 and 450 ft./sec.

COMPUTER CALC.
inputs Bit dia. ROP 8.75 inches 60 ft per hr outputs G/B G Gmin Jv 40 gpm/in. 350 gpm 308 gpm 462 ft/sec

HAND CALC.
4 x Bit dia. =______ + 5 = _______ G/B Bit dia. x Bit dia x 4 = ____ + 5 x Bit dia = ____ G Bit dia ^ 1.47 = _____ x 12.72 =______ Gmin G/B = (4B)+5 G = ((4(B^2)+(5B)) Gmin = 12.72(B^1.47) Jv = ROP/(.01+.02)ROP WHERE: G/B = GPM/inch bit dia. G = GPM (flowrate, gpm) Gmin = For flowrate sensitive bits (PDC, etc) B = Bit diameter, inches Jv = Jet velocity, ft./sec. ROP = Penetration rate

ROP / (.01 + .02) x ROP = _______ Jv

HYDRAULIC GUIDELINES Hydraulics can be optimized by concentrating on four main guidelines:1)Flowrate; 2)Jet horsepower; 3)Percent horsepower at the bit; 4)Jet velocity. The rules listed below are based on running optimum bit weight. RULE #1 Maintain flowrate 30 - 50 gpm/in. of bit diameter. The following ROP ranges are general guidelines for flowrates required. Range 1 - over 50 ft/hr 50 gpm/in Range 2 - 25 - 50 ft/hr 40 to 50 gpm/in Range 3 - 15 - 25 ft/hr 38 to 45 gpm/in Range 4 - 10 - 15 ft/hr 35 to 40 gpm/in Range 5 - 5 - 10 ft/hr 30 to 39 gpm/in RULE #2 Maintain jet horse power 2 1/2 to 5 HHP/in^2 (hydraulic horsepower per sq. in. of bit dia.).The rule is based on on the square root of the rate of penetration. In big hole (12 1/4 and greater size the HHP/in^2 could be allowed to go slightly above 5 (up to 6.5) if the drillability is good ( above 25 ft/hr).

RULE #3 Design hydraulics so that 50 to 65% of available pump pressure is across the bit jet nozzles. If optimized at midrange (55 to 60) the driller has more flexibility with the flowrate as influenced by formation drillability, ECD, and drilling operational factors. RULE #4 Maintain jet velocity between 350 and 450 ft/sec. Do not drop below 250 ft/sec. ROP and chip hold down influence optimum jet velocity as discussed in Optimum hydraulics above.

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Hyd. Calc.

WELL NAME COTROPIA GAS UNIT # 1 COUNTY RO BIT# 5 Annular Velocity Dp (V) Annular Velocity Dc (V) Surface Pressure Loss Inside Pressure Loss (Dp) Inside Pressure Loss (Dc) Annular Pressure Loss (Dp) Annular Pressure Loss (Dc) Mud Motor Differential PSI TOTAL SYSTEM LOSSES Motor speed 218 369 7.3 1632.3 474.0 251.3 134.5 300.0 2799.5 94.5 ft/min ftmin psi psi psi psi psi psi

Circulation Rate (Q) 225 gpm. Diameter of Hole (Dh) 6.125 in. Outside Diameter of Pipe O.D.(Dp) 3.5 in. Inside Diameter of Pipe I.D.(Dp) 2.5 in. Length of pipe (Ldp) 8974 ft. Outside Diameter of Collars O.D.(Dc) 4 3/4 in. Inside Diameter of Collars I.D.(Dc) 2 in. Length of Collars (Ldc) 881 ft. Mud Weight (p) 10.8 ppg. Mud Motor Differential PSI 300 psi Motor Rpm per Gallon 0.42 rpm Surface Equip. Friction Factor(C) 0.15 TYPE 1(C)=1.00, TYPE 2(C)=.36, TYPE 3(C)=.22, TYPE 4(C)=.15 NOZZLE SELECTION Jet Nozzle #1 (32nds) Jet Nozzle #2 (32nds) Jet Nozzle #3 (32nds) Jet Nozzle #4 (32nds) Jet Nozzle #5 (32nds) Jet Nozzle #6 (32nds) (32nds) Decimal Equiv. 14 0.1503 14 0.1503 14 0.1503 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

rpm

Jet Nozzle Pressure Loss Nozzle Velocity Estimated Stand Pipe Pressure Jet Impact Force Hydraulic Horse Power Hydraulic Horsepower per in^2 Calculated Standpipe Pressure

248 160.1 3047 200.7 32 1.1 3047

psi ft/sec psi lbf hp hsi psi

Surface Equip. Friction Factor (C) 1 1.00 2 0.36 3 0.22 4 0.15 This computer program is based on the Security Hydraulic Manual.

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Hyd. Worksheet

BIT HYDRAULIC ANALYSIS HAND CALCULATION WORKSHEET

Pb = GPM X^2 x MW x

156.5 / ( J1 X^2 + J2 X^2 + J3 X^2 ) X^2 =

HHPb = Pb

GPM

1714 =

HHPb/in^2 = HHPb

1.27 / BIT SIZE

X^2

Vn = GPM

417.2 /

J1 X^2

+ J2 X^2 + J3 X^2 =

I.F. = Vn

GPM

MW

1932

I.F/IN^2 =

I.F

1.27

/ BIT SIZE

X^2

%PSI b =

Pb

SURF. PSI

SYSTEM HHP =

SURF. PSI

x GPM /

1714

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Ann. Flow

Hole Diameter Drill pipe O.D. Drill Pipe Length Flowrate Mud Wt. Plastic Viscosity Yeild Point. Cutting Diameter

8 1/4 4 1/2 6138 302 8.8 4 4 0.5

ANNULAR FLOW DYNAMICS in. 600 Vicomter reading in. 300 viscometer reading ft gpm N lb/gal K P.V. Annular Velocity "A.V." Y.P. SEC^-1 in "U" Lam "U" Turb. Use Larger "U" FRICTION LOSS "^P" REYNOLDS NO. "Rn" CRITICAL VEL. "Cv" CRITICAL VEL. "Cv" Cuttings Slip Velocity Cutting Rising Velocity Interval Transport Time ANN. TRANSPORT TIME

12 cps 8 cps 0.58 106.7 154.8 99.0 15.8 39.3 39.3 7.6 4995.1 2.35 141.0 66.2 88.5 39.7 flow index consistency index ft/min rate of shear apparent viscosity apparent viscosity psi/1000 ft ft/sec ft/min ft/min ft/min mins

43.2 mins 12 cps 8 cps 0.58 106.7 255.1 306.2 9.9 34.5 34.5 38.8 7019.1 2.47 148.5 69.2 186.0 3.5 flow index consistency index ft/min rate of shear apparent viscosity apparent viscosity psi/1000 ft ft/sec ft/min ft/min ft/min ft/min

Hole Diameter Drill Collar O.D. Drill Collar Length Flowrate Mud Wt. Plastic Viscosity Yeild Point. Cutting Diameter

8 1/4 6 1/4 655 302 8.8 4 4 0.5

in. in. ft gpm lb/gal P.V. Y.P. in

600 Vicomter reading 300 viscometer reading N K Annular Velocity "A.V." SEC^-1 "U" Lam "U" Turb. Use Larger "U" FRICTION LOSS "^P" REYNOLDS NO. "Rn" CRITICAL VEL. "Cv" CRITICAL VEL. "Cv" Cuttings Slip Velocity Cutting Rising Velocity Interval Transport Time

Note: Calculations based on Magobar's Annular Flow Dynamics and Bariod's Beingham Plastics Critical Velocity

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Cost per Ft.

BIT COST PER FOOT Rig Cost Additional Cost Bit Cost Rotating Time Connection Time Trip Time Footage Drilled $ 400.00 $ $ 5,000.00 31 0.1 6 538 per hour per hour hours hours hours feet Total cost $ 400.00 per hour Total Time 37.1 hours Bit Cost $ 36.88 per foot

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Sheet5

TUBING bha annulus

0.00579 0.0022 0.0143

9526 474 10000

55.2 1.0 56.2 143.0 199.2

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